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Gonçalves TAP, Donadel CD, Frezatti RSS, Garibaldi PMM, Calado RT, Marques Junior W, Tomaselli PJ. Monoclonal gammopathy-associated peripheral neuropathies: Uncovering pearls and challenges. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2024; 29:161-172. [PMID: 38873841 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathy-related peripheral neuropathies encompass a spectrum of clinical presentations in which the monoclonal protein directly damages the tissues, including the peripheral nervous system. Given the prevalence of both peripheral neuropathy and monoclonal gammopathy in the general population, these conditions may overlap in clinical practice, posing a challenge for clinicians in determining causality. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of primary clinical syndromes and their neurophysiological patterns is of great importance for accurate differential diagnoses and effective treatment strategies. In this article, we examine the main forms of monoclonal gammopathies that affect the peripheral nerve. We explore the clinical and electrophysiological aspects and their correlation with each syndrome's corresponding monoclonal protein type. This knowledge is essential for healthcare professionals to diagnose better and manage patients presenting with monoclonal gammopathy-related peripheral nervous system involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trajano Aguiar Pires Gonçalves
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Derminio Donadel
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Manoel Marques Garibaldi
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T Calado
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Marques Junior
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro José Tomaselli
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhu Y, Yuan H, Qu H. Serum alpha 1 antitrypsin potent act as an early diagnostic biomarker for cardiac amyloidosis. Heart Vessels 2024:10.1007/s00380-024-02396-4. [PMID: 38580850 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-024-02396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis is a refractory cardiomyopathy with a poor prognosis and lacks effective treatments. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and troponin T are poor prognostic factors for myocardial amyloidosis. However, NT-proBNP and troponin also serve as markers of heart failure and myocardial infarction, lacking specificity. Whether abnormal elevation of alpha-1 antitrypsin in myocardial amyloidosis also predicts the poor prognosis of patients remains unknown. We conducted a retrospective single-center case-control study to analyze the serological and physical examination data of 83 cardiac amyloidosis patients and 68 healthy controls matched by gender and age. We aimed to explore the onset and prognostic factors of cardiac amyloidosis. The serum alpha-1 antitrypsin level (169.78 ± 39.59 mg/dl) in patients with cardiac amyloidosis was significantly higher than that in the normal control (125.92 ± 18.26 mg/dl). Logistic regression results showed that alpha-1 antitrypsin, free sialic acid, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A/B ratio, and homocysteine were predictors of cardiac amyloidosis. Multivariable logistic regression showed that only alpha 1 antitrypsin was an independent risk factor for cardiac amyloidosis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis based on the Mayo stage and troponin level showed the cut-off value of 140.55 mg/dl for alpha-1 antitrypsin in predicting cardiac amyloidosis with 81.7% sensitivity and 83.9% specificity. Elevated alpha-1 antitrypsin levels may be an early diagnostic biomarker for cardiac amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haitao Yuan
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huiting Qu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Wei C, Wang M, Li J, Su J, Huang J, Tong S, Yang D. Light chain deposition disease presenting with gastrointestinal disorder as primary manifestation: report of two cases and literature review. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241233972. [PMID: 38488658 PMCID: PMC10943736 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241233972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is an under-recognized condition characterized by deposition of abnormal monoclonal light chains in tissues, leading to organ dysfunction. LCDD involving the gastrointestinal tract is very uncommon, and its diagnosis is challenging. We herein report two cases of LCDD that manifested as inflammatory bowel disease-like symptoms and protein-losing gastroenteropathy. Both patients were women in their early 60s. Tissue biopsies from the gastrointestinal mucosa demonstrated extracellular deposits, which were negative by Congo red staining but positive for κ-light chain by immunohistochemistry. The recent literature on LCDD was reviewed. When patients unexpectedly show extracellular deposits in gastrointestinal biopsy specimens, evaluation of immunoglobulin chains is recommended for diagnosis of LCDD after systemic amyloidosis has been excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiang Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Su
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Hematology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Sunwing Tong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Dongye Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Jia Z, Xia J, Lu Q. Urine immunofixation electrophoresis and serum free light chain analyses benefit diagnosis of multiple myeloma in orthopedic patients with normal serum total proteins, creatinine, calcium, and hemoglobin. Lab Med 2023:lmad104. [PMID: 38141202 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial number of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who have bone destruction are initially admitted into the orthopedic service at the hospital. However, routine laboratory testing usually fails to identify these patients, thus delaying optimal therapy. Therefore, there is a clear medical need for early diagnosis of MM in these patients. METHODS Between 2019 and 2021, 42 patients receiving treatment for orthopedic conditions had normal hemoglobin (Hb), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), creatinine (CREA), and blood calcium (Ca) levels before their surgical procedure(s) but were subsequently pathologically confirmed to have MM, based on their presenting orthopedic symptoms. During the same period, 52 patients with orthopedic conditions were pathologically excluded from the diagnosis of MM and were recruited into our control group. Serum free light chain (sFLC) testing was performed in 94 consecutive patients in the orthopedic service using Siemens N Latex FLC kits. The levels of Hb, TP, ALB, CREA, and Ca were also measured. All 42 patients with MM were divided into group A (n = 25: κ proliferation) and group B (n = 17: λ proliferation) by the pathology department. RESULTS There were no significant differences in levels of Hb, TP, ALB, CREA, and Ca between group A and group B and the control group. However, the sFLC κ/λ ratio of group A and B was also significantly different from that of the control group (P < .001). The results of serum immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) testing demonstrated negative results in 14 cases (58.3%) in group A and 4 cases (25.0%) in group B. CONCLUSIONS Some patients with orthopedic conditions who do not have typical MM laboratory results, such as those with abnormal Hb, TP, ALB, CREA, and Ca levels before their operation(s), actually have MM. MM should be highly suspected in patients with unexplained bone lesions and with an abnormal sFLC κ/λ ratio. Further tissue or bone marrow biopsy is needed in these patients even if serum and urine IFE results are negative and light chain ratio is normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Jia
- Clinical Laboratory Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinxing Xia
- Clinical Laboratory Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Clinical Laboratory Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Alnasser SM, Alharbi KS, Almutairy AF, Almutairi SM, Alolayan AM. Autologous Stem Cell Transplant in Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Multiple Myeloma, and AL Amyloidosis. Cells 2023; 12:2855. [PMID: 38132175 PMCID: PMC10741865 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human body cells are stem cell (SC) derivatives originating from bone marrow. Their special characteristics include their capacity to support the formation and self-repair of the cells. Cancer cells multiply uncontrollably and invade healthy tissues, making stem cell transplants a viable option for cancer patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy (HDC). When chemotherapy is used at very high doses to eradicate all cancer cells from aggressive tumors, blood-forming cells and leukocytes are either completely or partially destroyed. Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is necessary for patients in those circumstances. The patients who undergo autologous transplants receive their own stem cells (SCs). The transplanted stem cells first come into contact with the bone marrow and then undergo engraftment, before differentiating into blood cells. ASCT is one of the most significant and innovative strategies for treating diseases. Here we focus on the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and AL amyloidosis, using ASCT. This review provides a comprehensive picture of the effectiveness and the safety of ASCT as a therapeutic approach for these diseases, based on the currently available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Ali F. Almutairy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (A.F.A.)
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Golatkar V, Bhatt LK. Emerging therapeutic avenues in cardiac amyloidosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176142. [PMID: 37866746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac Amyloidosis (CA) is a toxic infiltrative cardiomyopathy occurred by the deposition of the amyloid fibres in the extracellular matrix of the myocardium. This results in severe clinical complications such as increased left ventricular wall thickness and interventricular stiffness, a decrease in left ventricular stroke volume and cardiac output, diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmia, etc. In a prolonged period, this condition progresses into heart failure. The amyloid fibres affecting the heart include immunoglobulin light chain (AL - amyloidosis) and transthyretin protein (ATTR - amyloidosis) misfolded amyloid fibres. ATTRwt has the highest prevalence of 155 to 191 cases per million while ATTRv has an estimated prevalence of 5.2 cases per million. The pathological findings and therapeutic approaches developed recently have aided in the treatment regimen of cardiac amyloidosis patients. In recent years, understanding the pathophysiology of amyloid fibres formation and mechanistic pathways triggered in both types of cardiac amyloidosis has led to the development of new therapeutic approaches and agents. This review focuses on the current status of emerging therapeutic agents in clinical trials. Earlier, melphalan and bortezomib in combination with alkylating agents and immunomodulatory drugs were used as a standard therapy for AL amyloidosis. Tafamidis, approved recently by FDA is used as a standard for ATTR amyloidosis. However, the emerging therapeutic agents under development for the treatment of AL and ATTR cardiac amyloidosis have shown a potent and rapid effect with a safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Golatkar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India.
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Miller I, Gianazza E. Proteomic methods for the study of porcine acute phase proteins - anything new to detect? Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1801-1815. [PMID: 37452983 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Acute phase proteins (APPs) reflect the health status of individuals and are important tools in diagnostics, as their altered levels are a sign of disturbed homeostasis. While, in most cases, quantitation of known serum APPs is routinely performed by immunoassays, proteomics is helpful in discovery of new biomarker candidates, especially in samples other than body fluids. Besides putting APP regulation into an overall context of differentially abundant proteins, this approach can detect further details or outright new features in protein structure or specific modifications, and help understand better their function. Thus, it can show up ways to make present diagnostic assays more sensitive and/or specific, or correlate regulations of disease-specific proteins. The APP repertoire is dependent on the species. The pig is both, an important farm animal and a model animal for human diseases, due to similarities in physiology. Besides reviewing existing literature, yet unpublished examples for two-dimensional electrophoresis in connection with pig APPs highlight some of the benefits of proteomics. Of further help would be the emerging targeted proteomics, offering the possibility to determine particular isoforms or proteoforms, without the need of specific antibodies, but this method is presently scarcely used in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Miller
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210, Wien, Austria.
| | - Elisabetta Gianazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133, Milano, Italy
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Kastritis E, Misra A, Gurskyte L, Kroi F, Verhoek A, Vermeulen J, Ammann E, Lam A, Cote S, Wechalekar AD. Assessing the prognostic utility of hematologic response for overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis: results of a meta-analysis. HEMATOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 28:2157581. [PMID: 36607151 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2157581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare disease characterized by amyloid fibril deposits made up of toxic light chains causing progressive organ dysfunction and death. Recent studies suggest that hematologic response may be an important prognostic indicator of overall survival (OS) in AL amyloidosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trial-level association between hematologic complete response (CR) or very good partial response or better (≥ VGPR) and OS in newly diagnosed patients. METHODS Studies were identified via systematic literature review. Pooled effect estimates were generated by a random-effects model. RESULTS Nine observational studies reporting hematologic CR or ≥VGPR and OS hazard ratios (HRs) were included in the meta-analysis. Achieving hematologic CR was associated with improved OS (HR, 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13-0.34). Achieving ≥ VGPR was also associated with improved OS (HR 0.21; 95% CI 0.17-0.26). Results of a sensitivity analysis excluding one outlier study revealed no heterogeneity and a better overall HR estimate. Potential limitations of this meta-analysis include the small number of eligible studies (consistent with the rarity of the disease) and inconsistencies in reporting of results. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings support the use of deep hematologic response (CR or ≥VGPR) as a clinical trial endpoint in newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis. This study provides evidence that early hematologic response is a strong patient-level surrogate for long-term OS in patients with AL amyloidosis receiving frontline therapy. Structured data collection of depth of response in future trials will further strengthen these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Ammann
- Janssen Global Services, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - Annette Lam
- Janssen Global Services, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah Cote
- Janssen Global Services, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
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Rizio AA, McCausland KL, Carty MK, Conrad A, Quock TP. Association Between Hematologic Response and Change in Health-Related Quality of Life Among Patients with Light-Chain (AL) Amyloidosis. Patient Relat Outcome Meas 2023; 14:297-304. [PMID: 37840834 PMCID: PMC10576564 DOI: 10.2147/prom.s421211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to examine the association between hematologic response and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. Patients and Methods Data for this secondary analysis were collected through a non-interventional, longitudinal, online self-report survey of patients with AL amyloidosis. Patients completed an initial online survey, with follow-up surveys administered 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after completion of the initial survey. The online survey included an assessment of patients' most recent self-reported hematologic response status. Eight domains and 2 summary components of HRQoL were evaluated with the SF-36v2® Health Survey. A series of logistic regression models were used to examine the association between self-reported hematologic response at 24 months (dichotomized as new or maintained complete hematologic response; less than a complete response) and change in HRQoL from baseline to 24 months (dichotomized as meaningful worsening; improvement or preservation). Results For all measured domains of HRQoL except physical functioning, there was no statistically significant relationship between meaningful worsening in HRQoL and hematologic response status at 24 months. Patients without a complete hematologic response had an odds of experiencing meaningful worsening of HRQoL that was similar to that of patients with a complete hematologic response. Conclusion Among patients with AL amyloidosis, change in HRQoL was generally not associated with hematologic response. Achieving a complete hematologic response does not necessarily mean that a patient will experience increased or stable HRQoL. When defining treatment success, it is important to recognize that clinical markers such as hematologic response may not fully encapsulate the patient experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ansgar Conrad
- Prothena Biosciences Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Wees I, Hendren NS, Kaur G, Roth LR, Grodin JL. Natriuretic Peptides and Cardiac Troponins: Markers of Disease Progression and Risk in Light Chain Cardiac Amyloidosis. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2023; 20:350-357. [PMID: 37428428 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-023-00616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Light chain (AL) amyloidosis can cause an infiltrative cardiomyopathy that can result in symptomatic heart failure. The vague, nonspecific onset of signs and symptoms may lead to a delay in diagnosis and treatment leading to poor outcomes. Cardiac biomarkers, such as troponins and natriuretic peptides, play a pivotal role in diagnosis, determining prognosis, and assessing treatment response in patients with AL amyloidosis. Because of the evolving landscape for both diagnosis and treatment of AL cardiac amyloidosis, we review the critical role these and other biomarkers play in the clinical management of this disease. RECENT FINDINGS A number of conventional cardiac and noncardiac serum biomarkers are commonly used in AL cardiac amyloidosis and may be surrogates for cardiac involvement and inform prognosis. These include typical heart failure biomarkers such as levels of circulating natriuretic peptides as well as cardiac troponins. Other noncardiac biomarkers frequently measured in AL cardiac amyloidosis included difference between the involved and uninvolved free light chains (dFLC) and markers of endothelial cell activation and damage such as von Willebrand factor antigen and matrix metalloproteinases. AL amyloidosis can lead to cardiac involvement which has been associated with poor outcomes, especially if not identified and treated early. Natriuretic peptides and cardiac troponins are cornerstones for the diagnosis and management of AL cardiac amyloidosis. Their levels may represent cardiac stress, injury, and possibly degree of cardiac involvement, and they play a key role in AL amyloidosis disease staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Wees
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas S Hendren
- Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gurbakhash Kaur
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lori R Roth
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Justin L Grodin
- Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Gertz M, Abonour R, Gibbs SN, Finkel M, Landau H, Lentzsch S, Lin G, Mahindra A, Quock T, Rosenbaum C, Rosenzweig M, Sidana S, Tuchman SA, Witteles R, Yermilov I, Broder MS. Using a Modified Delphi Panel to Estimate Health Service Utilization for Patients with Advanced and Non-Advanced Systemic Light Chain Amyloidosis. CLINICOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2023; 15:673-680. [PMID: 37719133 PMCID: PMC10503521 DOI: 10.2147/ceor.s412079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients with diagnosed with systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis at advanced Mayo stages have greater morbidity and mortality than those diagnosed at non-advanced stages. Estimating service use by severity is difficult because Mayo stage is not available in many secondary databases. We used an expert panel to estimate healthcare utilization among advanced and non-advanced AL amyloidosis patients. Patients and Methods Using the RAND/UCLA modified Delphi method, expert panelists completed 180 healthcare utilization estimates, consisting of inpatient and outpatient visits, testing, chemotherapy, and procedures by disease severity and organ involvement during two treatment phases (the 1 year after starting first line [1L] therapy and 1 year following treatment [post-1L]). Estimates were also provided for post-1L by hematologic treatment response (complete or very good partial response [CR/VGPR], partial, no response or relapse [PR/NR/R]). Areas of disagreement were discussed during a meeting, after which ratings were completed a second time. Results During 1L therapy, 55% of advanced patients had ≥1 hospitalization and 38% had ≥2 admissions. Rates of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in advanced patients were 5%, while pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placement were 15%. During post-1L therapy, rates of hospitalization in advanced patients remained high (≥1 hospitalization: 20-43%, ≥2 hospitalizations: 10-20%), and up to 10% of advanced patients had a HSCT. Ten percent of these patients underwent pacemaker/ICD placement. Conclusion Experts estimated advanced patients, who would not be good candidates for HSCT, would have high rates of hospitalization (traditionally the most expensive type of healthcare utilization) and other health service use. The development of new treatment options that can facilitate organ recovery and improve function may lead to decreased utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morie Gertz
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rafat Abonour
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine; Director, Multiple Myeloma, Waldenstrom's Disease and Amyloidosis Program, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sarah N Gibbs
- PHAR (Partnership for Health Analytic Research), Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | | | - Heather Landau
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suzanne Lentzsch
- Multiple Myeloma and Amyloidosis Program, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grace Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anuj Mahindra
- Malignant Hematology, Scripps Clinic MD Anderson Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Quock
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Prothena Biosciences Ltd., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cara Rosenbaum
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Rosenzweig
- Division of Multiple Myeloma, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Surbhi Sidana
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sascha A Tuchman
- Division of Hematology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ronald Witteles
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Irina Yermilov
- PHAR (Partnership for Health Analytic Research), Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Broder
- PHAR (Partnership for Health Analytic Research), Beverly Hills, CA, USA
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Oliveri V. Unveiling the Effects of Copper Ions in the Aggregation of Amyloidogenic Proteins. Molecules 2023; 28:6446. [PMID: 37764220 PMCID: PMC10537474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid diseases have become a global concern due to their increasing prevalence. Transition metals, including copper, can affect the aggregation of the pathological proteins involved in these diseases. Copper ions play vital roles in organisms, but the disruption of their homeostasis can negatively impact neuronal function and contribute to amyloid diseases with toxic protein aggregates, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired cellular signaling, inflammation, and cell death. Gaining insight into the imbalance of copper ions and its impact on protein folding and aggregation is crucial for developing focused therapies. This review examines the influence of copper ions on significant amyloid proteins/peptides, offering a comprehensive overview of the current understanding in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Zhang J, Wang X, Zou GM, Li JY, Li WG. Membranous nephropathy with systemic light-chain amyloidosis of remission after rituximab therapy: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5538-5546. [PMID: 37637680 PMCID: PMC10450367 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i23.5538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 70%-80% of patients with primary membranous nephropathy (MN) have phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) in renal tissue. Systemic light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is the most common type of amyloidosis. MN complicated with amyloidosis is rare. CASE SUMMARY A 48-year-old Chinese male presented with nephrotic syndrome, positive serum PLA2R antibody, and positive serum and urine IgG-lambda type M-protein, with a normal ratio of serum-free light-chain level. The patient was diagnosed with MN accompanied by AL amyloidosis. He was treated with rituximab with glucocorticoids and CyBorD regimen of chemotherapy. After 21 mo of follow-up, the patient achieved complete remission regarding nephrotic syndrome without adverse effects of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION We report a case of PLA2R-related MN complicated with primary AL amyloidosis only with renal involvement and successfully treated with rituximab, glucocorticoids and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Gu-Ming Zou
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen-Ge Li
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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Syed F, Hassan MA, Joy J, Awolumate OJ, Nwaogwugw U. A Complex Case of Extensive Systemic Amyloidosis With Underlying Monoclonal Gammopathy. Cureus 2023; 15:e43753. [PMID: 37727200 PMCID: PMC10506623 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic amyloid light chain, or primary amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis), is a serious medical condition that leads to the deposition of abnormal proteins called amyloid fibrils in various organs of the body. AL amyloidosis can present with different symptoms, which can make diagnosis challenging. This case report presents a clinical scenario of a 53-year-old female patient who had come in for shortness of breath and lower extremity swelling and was found to have acute on chronic pulmonary embolism. The patient had a history of systemic amyloidosis diagnosed with a kidney and duodenal biopsy. She also had a bone marrow biopsy done and was found to have IgG monoclonal gammopathy. Throughout the hospital course, patients required cautious diuretic use given the worsening kidney function. She was given intravenous anticoagulation initially and later switched to oral medication on discharge. Due to the aggressive nature of amyloidosis, a decision was made to start the patient on chemotherapy in an outpatient setting. This case presents an interesting scenario of systemic amyloidosis with concomitant monoclonal gammopathy that was complicated by acute pulmonary embolism. The case is important as it shows the different levels of amyloidosis and teaches us the benefit of taking a multidisciplinary approach to making a concrete plan for patients with advanced amyloidosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Syed
- Internal Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington, USA
| | | | - Jeswin Joy
- Internal Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington, USA
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15
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Holt MF, Flø A, Bjørnø V, Husebye T, Knudsen EC, Hodt A, Gustavsen A, Kristiansen HA, Raki M, Broch K, Wien TN, Gude E. A man in his seventies with fatigue and renal failure. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 2023; 143:22-0679. [PMID: 37341412 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.22.0679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A man in his seventies underwent routine heart examinations as part of workup for kidney transplantation. Unexpected findings led to more extensive investigations and revealed two rare systemic diseases as causes of his heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - August Flø
- Kardiologisk avdeling, Oslo universitetssykehus, Rikshospitalet
| | - Vilde Bjørnø
- Kardiologisk avdeling, Oslo universitetssykehus, Rikshospitalet
| | - Trygve Husebye
- Hjertemedisinsk avdeling, Oslo universitetssykehus, Ullevål
| | | | - Anders Hodt
- Avdeling for nukleærmedisin, Oslo universitetssykehus
| | - Alice Gustavsen
- Avdeling for immunologi og transfusjonsmedisin, Oslo universitetssykehus
| | | | | | - Kaspar Broch
- Kardiologisk avdeling, Oslo universitetssykehus, Rikshospitalet
| | | | - Einar Gude
- Kardiologisk avdeling, Oslo universitetssykehus, Rikshospitalet
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Mohd Nor Ihsan NS, Abdul Sani SF, Looi LM, Cheah PL, Chiew SF, Pathmanathan D, Bradley DA. A review: Exploring the metabolic and structural characterisation of beta pleated amyloid fibril in human tissue using Raman spectrometry and SAXS. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023:S0079-6107(23)00059-7. [PMID: 37307955 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a deleterious condition caused by abnormal amyloid fibril build-up in living tissues. To date, 42 proteins that are linked to amyloid fibrils have been discovered. Amyloid fibril structure variation can affect the severity, progression rate, or clinical symptoms of amyloidosis. Since amyloid fibril build-up is the primary pathological basis for various neurodegenerative illnesses, characterization of these deadly proteins, particularly utilising optical techniques have been a focus. Spectroscopy techniques provide significant non-invasive platforms for the investigation of the structure and conformation of amyloid fibrils, offering a wide spectrum of analyses ranging from nanometric to micrometric size scales. Even though this area of study has been intensively explored, there still remain aspects of amyloid fibrillization that are not fully known, a matter hindering progress in treating and curing amyloidosis. This review aims to provide recent updates and comprehensive information on optical techniques for metabolic and proteomic characterization of β-pleated amyloid fibrils found in human tissue with thorough literature analysis of publications. Raman spectroscopy and SAXS are well established experimental methods for study of structural properties of biomaterials. With suitable models, they offer extended information for valid proteomic analysis under physiologically relevant conditions. This review points to evidence that despite limitations, these techniques are able to provide for the necessary output and proteomics indication in order to extrapolate the aetiology of amyloid fibrils for reliable diagnostic purposes. Our metabolic database may also contribute to elucidating the nature and function of the amyloid proteome in development and clearance of amyloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Mohd Nor Ihsan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S F Abdul Sani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - L M Looi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P L Cheah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S F Chiew
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dharini Pathmanathan
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - D A Bradley
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, Sunway University, 46150 PJ, Malaysia; Department of Physics, School of Mathematics & Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
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17
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Abrahamson EE, Padera RF, Davies J, Farrar G, Villemagne VL, Dorbala S, Ikonomovic MD. The flutemetamol analogue cyano-flutemetamol detects myocardial AL and ATTR amyloid deposits: a post-mortem histofluorescence analysis. Amyloid 2023; 30:169-187. [PMID: 36411500 PMCID: PMC10199962 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2022.2141623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND [18F]flutemetamol is a PET radioligand used to image brain amyloid, but its detection of myocardial amyloid is not well-characterized. This histological study characterized binding of fluorescently labeled flutemetamol (cyano-flutemetamol) to amyloid deposits in myocardium. METHODS Myocardial tissue was obtained post-mortem from 29 subjects with cardiac amyloidosis including transthyretin wild-type (ATTRwt), hereditary/variant transthyretin (ATTRv) and immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) types, and from 10 cardiac amyloid-free controls. Most subjects had antemortem electrocardiography, echocardiography, SPECT and cardiac MRI. Cyano-flutemetamol labeling patterns and integrated density values were evaluated relative to fluorescent derivatives of Congo red (X-34) and Pittsburgh compound-B (cyano-PiB). RESULTS Cyano-flutemetamol labeling was not detectable in control subjects. In subjects with cardiac amyloidosis, cyano-flutemetamol labeling matched X-34- and cyano-PiB-labeled, and transthyretin- or lambda light chain-immunoreactive, amyloid deposits and was prevented by formic acid pre-treatment of myocardial sections. Cyano-flutemetamol mean fluorescence intensity, when adjusted for X-34 signal, was higher in the ATTRwt than the AL group. Cyano-flutemetamol integrated density correlated strongly with echocardiography measures of ventricular septal thickness and posterior wall thickness, and with heart mass. CONCLUSION The high selectivity of cyano-flutemetamol binding to myocardial amyloid supports the diagnostic utility of [18F]flutemetamol PET imaging in patients with ATTR and AL types of cardiac amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E. Abrahamson
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Robert F. Padera
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | | | - Victor L. Villemagne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Sharmila Dorbala
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Milos D. Ikonomovic
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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18
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Gudowska-Sawczuk M, Mroczko B. Free Light Chains κ and λ as New Biomarkers of Selected Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119531. [PMID: 37298479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic and prognostic markers are necessary to help in patient diagnosis and the prediction of future clinical events or disease progression. As promising biomarkers of selected diseases, the free light chains (FLCs) κ and λ were considered. Measurements of FLCs are currently used in routine diagnostics of, for example, multiple myeloma, and the usefulness of FLCs as biomarkers of monoclonal gammopathies is well understood. Therefore, this review focuses on the studies concerning FLCs as new potential biomarkers of other disorders in which an inflammatory background has been observed. We performed a bibliometric review of studies indexed in MEDLINE to assess the clinical significance of FLCs. Altered levels of FLCs were observed both in diseases strongly connected with inflammation such as viral infections, tick-borne diseases or rheumatic disorders, and disorders that are moderately associated with immune system reactions, e.g., multiple sclerosis, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders and cancers. Increased concentrations of FLCs appear to be a useful prognostic marker in patients with multiple sclerosis or tick-borne encephalitis. Intensive synthesis of FLCs may also reflect the production of specific antibodies against pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, abnormal FLC concentrations might predict the development of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Markedly elevated levels are also associated with increased risk of hospitalization and death in patients with cardiovascular disorders. Additionally, FLCs have been found to be increased in rheumatic diseases and have been related to disease activity. Furthermore, it has been suggested that inhibition of FLCs would reduce the progression of tumorigenesis in breast cancer or colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis. In conclusion, abnormal levels of κ and λ FLCs, as well as the ratio of κ:λ, are usually the result of disturbances in the synthesis of immunoglobulins as an effect of overactive inflammatory reactions. Therefore, it seems that κ and λ FLCs may be significant diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of selected diseases. Moreover, the inhibition of FLCs appears to be a promising therapeutical target for the treatment of various disorders where inflammation plays an important role in the development or progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A St., 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A St., 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A St., 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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19
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Bou Zerdan M, Nasr L, Khalid F, Allam S, Bouferraa Y, Batool S, Tayyeb M, Adroja S, Mammadii M, Anwer F, Raza S, Chaulagain CP. Systemic AL amyloidosis: current approach and future direction. Oncotarget 2023; 14:384-394. [PMID: 37185672 PMCID: PMC10132994 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a monoclonal plasma cell proliferative disorder characterized by deposition of amyloidogenic monoclonal light chain fragments causing organ dysfunction. It is a fatal disease and if not diagnosed and treated early can lead to organ failure and potentially death. The renal system along with the cardiovascular system are the most common organs involved but other organs such as gut and liver can be involved as well. The initial evaluation of patients requires confirming the diagnosis with tissue biopsy and staining with Congo red followed by confirmatory typing with mass spectrometry of the Congo red positive tissue. Then establishing the extent of the organs involvement by various staging and biomarkers testing. The treatment options and the tolerability of therapy depend on the disease staging, frailty, and co-morbidities. The autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) after high dose melphalan therapy is an effective strategy which is usually done after initial bortezomib induction therapy. Unfortunately, most systemic AL amyloidosis patients are not candidate for HCT due to frailty, old age, multi-organ involvement, renal and heart failure at the time of diagnosis. While it is widely accepted that the patients need to be treated until they achieve complete hematologic response, the maintenance therapy after HCT is not well established in AL amyloidosis. In this review, we report the literature on the latest treatment updates of AL amyloidosis and the ongoing clinical trials highlighting the future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun Bou Zerdan
- Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Lewis Nasr
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Farhan Khalid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ 07740, USA
| | - Sabine Allam
- Department of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon
| | - Youssef Bouferraa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Saba Batool
- Department of Internal Medicine, UnityPoint Methodist, Peoria, IL 61636, USA
| | - Muhammad Tayyeb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ 07740, USA
| | - Shubham Adroja
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77094, USA
| | - Mahinbanu Mammadii
- Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Faiz Anwer
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Shahzad Raza
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Chakra P Chaulagain
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Myeloma and Amyloidosis Program, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL 33331, USA
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20
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Mao M, Liang N, Ren R, Zhao Y, Ma D, Liu H. A Nomogram Model for Predicting the Postoperative Recurrence of Localized Laryngeal Amyloidosis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2023; 132:259-265. [PMID: 35403442 DOI: 10.1177/00034894221086990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors related to postoperative recurrence in patients with localized laryngeal amyloidosis (LocLA) and to construct a nomogram prediction model (NPM). METHODS We collected the data for LocLA patients diagnosed from March 2000 to May 2019 and clinical characteristics data were extracted. Factors related to recurrence were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. The NPM was constructed for predicting the recurrence risk of LocLA. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve evaluated the distinguishing ability using the area under curve (AUC). The calibration curve was created to evaluate the consistency of the NPM. RESULTS A total of 226 confirmed LocLA cases were included. One hundred seventy-five cases (77.4%) had localized single nodule, and 51 cases had more than one lesions. Sixty-three (27.9%) cases had no multinucleated giant cell (MGC) around amyloid, and 163 (72.1%) cases had MGC around amyloid. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that more than one lesions (odds ratio [OR] = 3.206 and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.492-6.888; P value: .003), subglottic involvement (OR = 2.926 and 95% CI: 1.300-6.585; P = .010), and no multinucleated giant cell (MGC) around amyloid (OR = 2.503 and 95% CI: 1.173-5.342; P = .018) had a statistically significant effect on postoperative LocLA recurrence (P < .05). The AUC of the ROC curve was 0.753 (95% CI: 0.667-0.832). The bias-corrected curve approached the ideal curve, with an average absolute error of 0.037. CONCLUSIONS More than one lesions, subglottic involvement, and no MGC around amyloid are risk factors for postoperative recurrence of LocLA. The NPM constructed has good applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Mao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, China
| | - Na Liang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Ren
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, China
| | - Yihua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, China
| | - Donglin Ma
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, China
| | - Honggang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Beijing, China
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21
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Jimenez-Zepeda V, Bril V, Lemieux-Blanchard E, Royal V, McCurdy A, Schwartz D, Davis MK. A Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Diagnostic Algorithm for the Early and Efficient Detection of Amyloidosis. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2023; 23:194-202. [PMID: 36653205 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a rare protein misfolding disease caused by the accumulation of amyloid fibrils in various tissues and organs. There are different subtypes of amyloidosis, with light chain (AL) amyloidosis being the most common. Amyloidosis is notoriously difficult to diagnose because it is clinically heterogeneous, no single test is diagnostic for the disease, and diagnosis typically involves multiple specialists. Here, we propose an integrated, multidisciplinary algorithm for efficiently diagnosing amyloidosis. Drawing on research from several medical disciplines, we have combined clinical decisions and best practices into a comprehensive algorithm to facilitate the early detection of amyloidosis. Currently, many patients are diagnosed more than 6 months after symptom onset, yet early diagnosis is the major predictor of survival. Our algorithm aims to shorten the time to diagnosis with efficient sequencing of tests and minimizing uninformative investigations. We also recommend typing and staging of confirmed amyloidosis to guide treatment. By reducing time to diagnosis, our algorithm could lead to earlier and more targeted treatment, ultimately improving prognosis and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Jimenez-Zepeda
- Department of Hematology, University of Calgary and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Vera Bril
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toranto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emilie Lemieux-Blanchard
- Department of Hematology, Service d'hématologie-oncologie du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Virginie Royal
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arleigh McCurdy
- Division of Hematology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Schwartz
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Margot K Davis
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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22
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Absmeier RM, Rottenaicher GJ, Svilenov HL, Kazman P, Buchner J. Antibodies gone bad - the molecular mechanism of light chain amyloidosis. FEBS J 2023; 290:1398-1419. [PMID: 35122394 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a systemic disease in which abnormally proliferating plasma cells secrete large amounts of mutated antibody light chains (LCs) that eventually form fibrils. The fibrils are deposited in various organs, most often in the heart and kidney, and impair their function. The prognosis for patients diagnosed with AL is generally poor. The disease is set apart from other amyloidoses by the huge number of patient-specific mutations in the disease-causing and fibril-forming protein. The molecular mechanisms that drive the aggregation of mutated LCs into fibrils have been enigmatic, which hindered the development of efficient diagnostics and therapies. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on AL amyloidosis and discuss open issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona M Absmeier
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Georg J Rottenaicher
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Hristo L Svilenov
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Pamina Kazman
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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23
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Quock TP, D'Souza A, Broder MS, Bognar K, Chang E, Tarbox MH. In-hospital mortality in amyloid light chain amyloidosis: analysis of the Premier Healthcare Database. J Comp Eff Res 2023; 12:e220185. [PMID: 36476016 PMCID: PMC10288963 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2022-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Describe the clinical and economic burden of hospitalizations for amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis. Materials & methods: This retrospective analysis used nationally representative hospital discharge data (2017-2020) to report discharge status, resource use and costs for hospitalizations among patients with AL amyloidosis. Results: Of 1341 patients identified, 92% were discharged alive and 8% experienced in-hospital death. Compared with the average US hospital stay during 2017-2019 (4.7 days, mean costs of $13,046 and mean charges of $54,496), hospital stays for AL amyloidosis were longer and costlier (9.7 days, $27,098.61, $111,233.91), especially in patients with in-hospital death (12.2 days, $44,966, $182,338.18). Conclusion: AL amyloidosis is associated with significant clinical and economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany P Quock
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Prothena Biosciences Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Anita D'Souza
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Michael S Broder
- Real World Evidence, PHAR (Partnership for Health Analytic Research), Beverly Hills, CA 90212, USA
| | - Katalin Bognar
- Real World Evidence, PHAR (Partnership for Health Analytic Research), Beverly Hills, CA 90212, USA
| | - Eunice Chang
- Real World Evidence, PHAR (Partnership for Health Analytic Research), Beverly Hills, CA 90212, USA
| | - Marian H Tarbox
- Real World Evidence, PHAR (Partnership for Health Analytic Research), Beverly Hills, CA 90212, USA
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24
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Single Center Experience of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Systemic Light Chain Amyloidosis in Korea. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2023; 23:97-103. [PMID: 36464620 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic light chains is the most common systemic amyloidosis. In patients with AL amyloidosis, the prognosis is influenced by the extent of organ damage, especially cardiac involvement. Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a highly effective treatment for AL amyloidosis for selective patient METHODS: One hundred patients treated with ASCT for AL amyloidosis were reviewed in the Samsung Medical Center amyloidosis cohort. The cardiac, renal, and hematologic response was analyzed, and survival results compared based on organ involvement and hematologic response. RESULTS The most common involved organ was kidney (n = 62) followed by heart (n = 50). The organ response rate was 44.0% and 37.1% in the patients with cardiac and renal involvement, respectively. In hematologic response, overall response rate (ORR) was 79.0%, including 48.0% complete response (CR). Median overall survival (OS) in patients with and without hematologic CR were not reached and 64.2 months (95% CI, 19.5 to 109.0), respectively (P < .001). The survival rate was not significantly different between patients with or without cardiac or renal involvement. Treatment-related mortality (TRM) in 30 days and 100 days was 2.0% and 3.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS ASCT is an effective treatment option for eligible patients with AL amyloidosis. Achieving hematologic CR is essential for long-term survival.
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Clifford C, Ryan R, Houlihan D. An Interesting Case of Hepatomegaly. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:e7-e9. [PMID: 35963361 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronan Ryan
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Miao F, Tang C, Ren G, Guo J, Zhao L, Xu W, Zhou X, Zhang L, Huang X. The prognostic value of multiparametric cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with systemic light chain amyloidosis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1069788. [PMID: 37207148 PMCID: PMC10189062 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1069788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is a classic imaging modality derived from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), which is commonly used to describe cardiac tissue characterization. T1 mapping with extracellular volume (ECV) and native T1 are novel quantitative parameters. The prognostic value of multiparametric CMR in patients with light chain (AL) amyloidosis remains to be thoroughly investigated. Methods A total of 89 subjects with AL amyloidosis were enrolled from April 2016 to January 2021, and all of them underwent CMR on a 3.0 T scanner. The clinical outcome and therapeutic effect were observed. Cox regression was used to investigate the effect of multiple CMR parameters on outcomes in this population. Results LGE extent, native T1 and ECV correlated well with cardiac biomarkers. During a median follow-up of 40 months, 21 patients died. ECV (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.087 for per 10% increase, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.379-3.157, P < 0.001) and native T1 (HR: 2.443 for per 100 ms increase, 95% CI: 1.381-4.321, P=0.002) were independently predictive of mortality. A novel prognostic staging system based on median native T1 (1344 ms) and ECV (40%) was similar to Mayo 2004 Stage, and the 5-year estimated overall survival rates in Stage I, II, and III were 95%, 80%, and 53%, respectively. In patients with ECV > 40%, receiving autologous stem cell transplantation had higher cardiac and renal response rates than conventional chemotherapy. Conclusion Both native T1 and ECV independently predict mortality in patients with AL amyloidosis. Receiving autologous stem cell transplantation is effective and significantly improves the clinical outcomes in patients with ECV > 40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujia Miao
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunxiang Tang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guisheng Ren
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinzhou Guo
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiyang Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longjiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Longjiang Zhang, ; Xianghua Huang,
| | - Xianghua Huang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Longjiang Zhang, ; Xianghua Huang,
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Kitchlu A, Chan CT, Jhaveri KD, Delgado D, Tam P. Amyloidoses in Onco-Nephrology Practice: A Multidisciplinary Case-Based Conference Report. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2023; 10:20543581231165711. [PMID: 37101848 PMCID: PMC10123889 DOI: 10.1177/20543581231165711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Objective Amyloidoses are a heterogeneous group of disorders resulting from deposition of amyloid fibrils into extracellular tissues. While the kidneys are one of the most frequent sites of amyloid deposition, amyloid deposits can also affect a wide range of organ systems, including the heart, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and peripheral nerves. The prognosis of amyloidosis, especially with cardiac involvement, remains poor; however, a collaborative approach applying new tools for diagnosis and management may improve outcomes. In September 2021, the Canadian Onco-Nephrology Interest Group hosted a symposium to discuss diagnostic challenges and recent advances in the management of amyloidosis from the perspectives of the nephrologist, cardiologist, and onco-hematologist. Methods and Sources of Information Through structured presentations, the group discussed a series of cases highlighting the varied clinical presentations of amyloidoses affecting the kidney and heart. Expert opinions, clinical trial findings, and publication summaries were used to illustrate patient-related and treatment-related considerations in the diagnosis and management of amyloidoses. Key findings (1) Overview of the clinical presentation of amyloidoses and the role of specialists in performing timely and accurate diagnostic workup; (2) review of best practices for multidisciplinary management of amyloidosis, including prognostic variables and determinants of treatment response; and (3) update on new and emerging treatments in the management of light chain and amyloid transthyretin amyloidoses. Limitations This conference featured multidisciplinary discussion of cases, and learning points reflect the assessments by the involved experts/authors. Implications Identification and management of amyloidoses can be facilitated with a multidisciplinary approach and higher index of suspicion from cardiologists, nephrologists, and hemato-oncologists. Increased awareness of clinical presentations and diagnostic algorithms for amyloidosis subtyping will lead to more timely interventions and improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijat Kitchlu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Abhijat Kitchlu, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, 8N-842, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
| | - Christopher T. Chan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kenar D. Jhaveri
- The Glomerular Disease Center at Northwell Health, Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Great Neck, NY, USA
| | - Diego Delgado
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Failure and Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Tam
- Division of Nephrology, The Scarborough Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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The Clinical Characteristics of Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis in the Chinese Population: A Systematic Scoping Review. HEMATO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/hemato4010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis is the most common type of systemic amyloidosis in China and is associated with increased morbidity and a poor prognosis. However, the clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with AL amyloidosis have not been systematically investigated. This scoping review aimed to summarize the available literature regarding the clinical characteristics of patients with AL amyloidosis and identify potential knowledge gaps. We searched three electronic databases from inception to 7 February 2021. PICOS (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome and Study) design structure was used to formulate the data extraction. All statistical calculations and analyses were performed with R (version 3.6.0). Sixty-seven articles with 5022 patients were included. Results suggest Chinese patients were younger (57 years) at the time of diagnosis when compared with other patient populations and were predominantly male (61.2%). The time interval from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis was between 6 and 12 months. It was found that 41.1% of Chinese patients with AL amyloidosis were diagnosed with an advanced stage III disease when diagnosed, and 20.2% had a concurrent disease. The most involved organs were the kidneys (84.3%) and the heart (62.5%). In conclusion, our study shows some similarities and differences with other studies on the clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with AL amyloidosis, including the age at diagnosis, Mayo stage, and organ involvement. However, a nationwide epidemiological investigation is still needed to provide a comprehensive overview of this patient population in China.
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Yoon SE, Kim D, Choi JO, Min JH, Kim BJ, Kim JS, Lee JE, Choi JY, Jeon ES, Kim SJ, Kim K. A comprehensive overview of AL amyloidosis disease characteristics accumulated over two decades at a single referral center in Korea. Int J Hematol 2022; 117:706-717. [PMID: 36574171 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characteristics of AL amyloidosis across Asia are not well-described in the literature. Thus, we overviewed the incidence and disease characteristics of AL amyloidosis in Korea. METHODS We collected medical records of 302 AL amyloidosis patients and compared survival outcomes by predominant treatment strategy and at four time points: 1995-2003, 2004-2008, 2009-2013, and 2014-2018. RESULTS The median age was 62 years (36-83). One hundred forty-one patients were classified as stage III (26.3%) or IV (47.9%). The patients diagnosed between 2014 and 2018 survived longer than those diagnosed at other time points due to the introduction of bortezomib (p < 0.01). In addition, patients who received upfront ASCT survived longer than those who received salvage ASCT or chemotherapy alone (p < 0.01). However, most of the 85 patients who experienced early death within 6 months were older than 75 years, had BMI less than 20, and had a high disease burden. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of AL amyloid has increased and survival outcomes have improved gradually, most likely due to introduction of novel agents and upfront ASCT. However, not all patients are suitable for these potent treatment modalities, and avoiding early death within 6 months remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Eun Yoon
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Darae Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Oh Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Min
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Young Choi
- Departement of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Jeon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Jin Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
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Li J, Xu A, Xie W, Li B, Yan C, Xia Y, Liang C, Ji L. MALDI-TOF-MS for rapid screening analysis of M-protein in serum. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1073479. [PMID: 36591514 PMCID: PMC9797962 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1073479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal immunoglobin (M-protein) is a serum biomarker for the diagnosis of plasma cell dyscrasias. Despite limitation of analytical sensitivity and resolution, serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis are still the front-line tests for the detection of M-proteins. Herein, we developed a MALDI-TOF Mass spectrometry-based method for the screening test of M-proteins in human serum. Based on the unique mass signature of different immunoglobin isotypes, M-Proteins could be rapidly identified and typed. The method demonstrated with high analytical performance and throughput, rapid and simple, which could be a new choice for the diagnosis of plasma cell dyscrasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Jie Li, ; Chao Liang, ; Ling Ji,
| | - Anping Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weijie Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cunliang Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Science (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jie Li, ; Chao Liang, ; Ling Ji,
| | - Ling Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Jie Li, ; Chao Liang, ; Ling Ji,
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Szor RS, Fernandes F, Lino AMM, Mendonça LO, Seguro FS, Feitosa VA, Castelli JB, Jorge LB, de Oliveira Alves LB, de Menezes Neves PDM, de Oliveira Souza E, Cavalcante LB, Malheiros D, Kalil J, Martinez GA, Rocha V. Systemic amyloidosis journey from diagnosis to outcomes: a twelve-year real-world experience of a single center in a middle-income country. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:425. [PMID: 36471404 PMCID: PMC9724300 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic amyloidosis is caused by the deposition of misfolded protein aggregates in tissues, leading to progressive organ dysfunction and death. Epidemiological studies originate predominantly from high-income countries, with few data from Latin America. Due to the non-specific clinical manifestations, diagnosing amyloidosis is often challenging and patients experience a long journey and delay in diagnosis. This study aimed to assess clinical and laboratory characteristics, the diagnostic journey, and outcomes of patients with biopsy-proven systemic amyloidosis diagnosed between 2009 and 2020 at a university referral center in a middle-income Latin American country. Patients´ medical records were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS One hundred and forty-three patients were included. The median age at diagnosis was 60 years and 54% were male. Until the diagnosis, most of the patients (52%) were seen by at least 3 specialists, the main ones being: general practitioners (57%), nephrologists (45%), and cardiologists (38%). The most common manifestations were renal (54%) and cardiac (41%) disorders, and cachexia was seen in 36% of patients. In 72% of the cases, ≥ 2 biopsies were required until the final diagnosis. The median time from symptoms onset to diagnosis was 10.9 months, and most patients (75%) had ≥ 2 organs involved. The following subtypes were identified: AL (68%), ATTR (13%), AA (8%), AFib (4%), and inconclusive (7%). Median OS was 74.3 months in the non-AL subgroup and 18.5 months in AL. Among AL patients, those with advanced cardiac stage had the worst outcome [median OS 8.6 months versus 52.3 for stage III versus I-II, respectively (p < 0.001)]. AL subtype, cardiac involvement, and ECOG ≥ 2 were identified as independent risk factors for reduced survival. CONCLUSIONS Systemic amyloidosis is still an underdiagnosed condition and the delay in its recognition leads to poor outcomes. Medical education, better diagnostic tools, improvement in access to therapies, and establishment of referral centers may improve patient outcomes in middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Shcolnik Szor
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Serviço de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular, Hospital das Clínicas and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP CEP 01246-000 Brazil
| | - Fabio Fernandes
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Instituto do Coração (InCor), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angelina Maria Martins Lino
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Divisão de Neurologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Mendonça
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Salles Seguro
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Serviço de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular, Hospital das Clínicas and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP CEP 01246-000 Brazil
| | - Valkercyo Araujo Feitosa
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Divisão de Nefrologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jussara Bianchi Castelli
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Laboratório de Patologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.466673.6Grupo Fleury, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lecticia Barbosa Jorge
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Divisão de Nefrologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Bassolli de Oliveira Alves
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Serviço de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular, Hospital das Clínicas and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP CEP 01246-000 Brazil
| | | | - Evandro de Oliveira Souza
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Divisão de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia Clínica, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Livia Barreira Cavalcante
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Divisão de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Malheiros
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Divisão de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gracia Aparecida Martinez
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Serviço de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular, Hospital das Clínicas and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP CEP 01246-000 Brazil
| | - Vanderson Rocha
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Serviço de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular, Hospital das Clínicas and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP CEP 01246-000 Brazil ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Hematology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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Kumar S, Grell GR, Joseph G, Wang JC. Axillary Lymphadenopathy as an Initial Presentation of Systemic Amyloidosis: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2022; 10:23247096221133191. [PMID: 36300416 PMCID: PMC9619915 DOI: 10.1177/23247096221133191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis rarely presents as localized lymphadenopathy. Various studies have elucidated the varied presentation and manifestations of this interesting disease. We reviewed the literature and found 36 cases of primary amyloidosis with lymph node enlargement as a presentation, and 17 of the 36 cases (47%) had systemic involvement on further work up. We describe a patient who presented with an isolated right axillary mass. Clinical examination and radiology were indicative of a lymph node enlargement with no evidence of malignancy in the breasts or lungs. Histopathological examination was indicative of amyloidosis. A further work up including serum, urine biochemistry, cardiac work up, bone marrow examination, and a kidney biopsy revealed systemic amyloidosis. Patient was treated with daratumumab and CyBorD (cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone) followed by a stem cell transplantation. Patient is in remission for 1 year, at the time of submission of this report. Therefore, we conclude (1) systemic amyloidosis presenting as an isolated lymph node enlargement is rare, (2) a structured systemic work up is imperative for early diagnosis and proper management of amyloidosis, when there is an index of suspicion, and (3) use of novel therapeutic options such as CD38 + antibody (daratumumab) and stem cell transplant have positive impact on disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneet Kumar
- Interfaith Medical Center, One Brooklyn
Health, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Gilda-Rae Grell
- Interfaith Medical Center, One Brooklyn
Health, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Gardith Joseph
- Brookdale University Hospital and
Medical Center, One Brooklyn Health, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jen C. Wang
- Brookdale University Hospital and
Medical Center, One Brooklyn Health, Brooklyn, NY, USA, Jen C. Wang, MD, Department of Hematology
and Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, One Brooklyn
Health, 1 Brookdale Plaza, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA.
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Dispenzieri A, Zonder J, Hoffman J, Wong SW, Liedtke M, Abonour R, D'Souza A, Lee C, Cote S, Potluri R, Ammann E, Tran N, Lam A, Nair S. Real-world treatment patterns, costs, and outcomes in patients with AL amyloidosis: analysis of the Optum EHR and commercial claims databases. Amyloid 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36282014 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2022.2137400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study characterised real-world treatment patterns, clinical outcomes, and cost-of-illness in patients with light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. METHODS Data were extracted from the US-based Optum® EHR and Clinformatics® Data Mart (claims) databases (2008-2019) for patients newly diagnosed with AL amyloidosis and who initiated anti-plasma cell therapies. Healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) and related costs were compared across lines of therapy (LOT). Incidences of cardiac and renal failure were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS About 1347 patients (EHR, n = 776; claims, n = 571) were included. Median age was 68 years; 56.8% were male. At initial diagnosis, 33.1% and 15.1% of patients had cardiac and renal failure, respectively. Most patients received bortezomib-containing treatment in LOT1 (69%); bortezomib-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone was most common (26%). HCRU was similar across LOTs. Mean per-patient-per-month and per-patient-per-LOT costs were $19,343 and $105,944 for LOT1, $19,183 and $95,793 for LOT2, and $16,611 and $128,446 for LOT3, respectively. Costs were primarily driven by anti-plasma cell therapies, outpatient visits, and hospitalisations. The 5-year cardiac and renal failure rates following initial diagnosis were 64.5% and 39.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION AL amyloidosis is associated with substantial costs and suboptimal outcomes, highlighting the need for new therapeutic approaches to prevent organ deterioration, and reduce disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Hoffman
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sandra W Wong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Anita D'Souza
- Froedtert & Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Sarah Cote
- Janssen Global Services, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - NamPhuong Tran
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Fedotov SA, Khrabrova MS, Anpilova AO, Dobronravov VA, Rubel AA. Noninvasive Diagnostics of Renal Amyloidosis: Current State and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012662. [PMID: 36293523 PMCID: PMC9604123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidoses is a group of diseases characterized by the accumulation of abnormal proteins (called amyloids) in different organs and tissues. For systemic amyloidoses, the disease is related to increased levels and/or abnormal synthesis of certain proteins in the organism due to pathological processes, e.g., monoclonal gammopathy and chronic inflammation in rheumatic arthritis. Treatment of amyloidoses is focused on reducing amyloidogenic protein production and inhibition of its aggregation. Therapeutic approaches critically depend on the type of amyloidosis, which underlines the importance of early differential diagnostics. In fact, the most accurate diagnostics of amyloidosis and its type requires analysis of a biopsy specimen from the disease-affected organ. However, absence of specific symptoms of amyloidosis and the invasive nature of biomaterial sampling causes the late diagnostics of these diseases, which leads to a delayed treatment, and significantly reduces its efficacy and patient survival. The establishment of noninvasive diagnostic methods and discovery of specific amyloidosis markers are essential for disease detection and identification of its type at earlier stages, which enables timely and targeted treatment. This review focuses on current approaches to the diagnostics of amyloidoses, primarily with renal involvement, and research perspectives in order to design new specific tests for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A. Fedotov
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Maria S. Khrabrova
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Pavlov University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Anastasia O. Anpilova
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Pavlov University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | | | - Aleksandr A. Rubel
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-812-428-40-09
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Yan J, Zhao J, Ning X, Qin Y, Xing Y, Wang Y, Jia Q, Huang B, Ma R, Lei C, Zhou M, Yu Z, Zhang Y, Guo WF, Sun S. Alterations of the gut microbiota in patients with immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:973760. [PMID: 36341382 PMCID: PMC9628213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.973760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence revealed that gut microbial dysbiosis is implicated in the development of plasma cell dyscrasias and amyloid deposition diseases, but no data are available on the relationship between gut microbiota and immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis. Methods To characterize the gut microbiota in patients with AL amyloidosis, we collected fecal samples from patients with AL amyloidosis (n=27) and age-, gender-, and BMI-matched healthy controls (n=27), and conducted 16S rRNA MiSeq sequencing and amplicon sequence variants (ASV)-based analysis. Results There were significant differences in gut microbial communities between the two groups. At the phylum level, the abundance of Actinobacteriota and Verrucomicrobiota was significantly higher, while Bacteroidota reduced remarkably in patients with AL amyloidosis. At the genus level, 17 genera, including Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, and Streptococcus were enriched, while only 4 genera including Faecalibacterium, Tyzzerella, Pseudomonas, and Anaerostignum decreased evidently in patients with AL amyloidosis. Notably, 5 optimal ASV-based microbial markers were identified as the diagnostic model of AL amyloidosis and the AUC value of the train set and the test set was 0.8549 (95% CI 0.7310-0.9789) and 0.8025 (95% CI 0.5771-1), respectively. With a median follow-up of 19.0 months, further subgroup analysis also demonstrated some key gut microbial markers were related to disease severity, treatment response, and even prognosis of patients with AL amyloidosis. Conclusions For the first time, we demonstrated the alterations of gut microbiota in AL amyloidosis and successfully established and validated the microbial-based diagnostic model, which boosted more studies about microbe-based strategies for diagnosis and treatment in patients with AL amyloidosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ning
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Shiren Sun, ; Xiaoxuan Ning,
| | - Yunlong Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qing Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Boyong Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Changhui Lei
- Xijing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Meilan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zixian Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei-Feng Guo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Shiren Sun, ; Xiaoxuan Ning,
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Amiloidosis cardiaca y cierre de aurícula izquierda. Estudio CAMYLAAC. Rev Esp Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Extracellular Volume Fraction Based on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance T1 Mapping: An Effective Way to Evaluate Cardiac Injury Caused by Cardiac Amyloidosis in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:3094933. [PMID: 35996622 PMCID: PMC9392639 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3094933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy of plasma cell origin. Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a common form of heart damage caused by MM and is associated with a poor prognosis. This study was a prospective cohort study and was aimed at evaluating the clinical predictive value of extracellular volume fraction (ECV) based on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) T1 mapping for cardiac amyloidosis and cardiac dysfunction in MM patients. Fifty-one newly diagnosed MM patients in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University were enrolled in the study. A total of 19 patients (19/51; 37.25%) developed CA. The basal ECV of CA group was significantly higher than that of the non-CA group (
). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that basal ECV (
, 95% CI 1.084-2.219,
) and LDH1 level (
, 95% CI 1.010-1.310,
) were two independent risk factors for CA. Further study demonstrated that basal ECV in the heart failure group was significantly higher than that of the nonheart failure group (
). Notably, ROC curve showed that basal ECV had a good predictive value for CA and heart failure, with AUC of 0.911 and 0.893 (all
), and the best cutoff values of 38.35 and 37.45, respectively. Taken together, basal ECV is a good predictor of CA and heart failure for MM patients.
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Amat-Santos IJ, Delgado-Arana JR, Cruz-González I, Gutiérrez H, García-Bolao I, Millán X, Tirado-Conte G, Ruiz-Nodar JM, Mohandes M, Palazuelos J, Torres Saura F, Del Valle R, Valero Picher E, Núñez García JC, Gómez I, Albarrán Rincón R, Arzamendi D, Nombela-Franco L, Korniiko L, Barrero A, Santos-Martínez S, Serrador A, San Román JA. Cardiac amyloidosis and left atrial appendage closure. The CAMYLAAC Study. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022:S1885-5857(22)00208-0. [PMID: 35934294 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) patients often have atrial fibrillation and increased bleeding/thrombogenic risks. We aimed to evaluate outcomes of left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) compared with patients without a known diagnosis of CA. METHODS Comparison at long-term of patients diagnosed with ATTR-CA who underwent LAAC between 2009 and 2020 and those without a known diagnosis of CA. RESULTS We studied a total of 1159 patients. Forty patients (3.5%) were diagnosed with ATTR-CA; these patients were older and had more comorbidities, higher HAS-BLED and CHA2DS2-VASc scores, and lower left ventricular function. Successful LAAC was achieved in 1137 patients (98.1%) with no differences between groups. Regarding in-hospital and follow-up complications, there were no differences between the groups in ischemic stroke (5% vs 2.5% in those without a known diagnosis of CA; P=.283), hemorrhagic stroke (2.5% and 0.8% in the control group; P=.284), major or minor bleeding. At the 2-year follow-up, there were no significant differences in mortality (ATTR-CA: 20% vs those without known CA: 13.6%, 0.248); however, the at 5-year follow-up, ATTR-CA patients had higher mortality (40% vs 19.2%; P <.001) but this difference was unrelated to hemorrhagic complications or ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS LAAC could reduce the risk of bleeding complications and ischemic cerebrovascular events without increasing the rate of early or mid-term complications. Although long-term survival was impaired in ATTR-CA patients, it was comparable to that of patients without a known diagnosis of CA at the 2-year follow-up, suggesting that LAAC for patients with ATTR-CA might not be futile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio J Amat-Santos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - José R Delgado-Arana
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Ignacio Cruz-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Hipólito Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bolao
- Servicio de Cardiología, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Xavier Millán
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Juan Miguel Ruiz-Nodar
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Mohsen Mohandes
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jorge Palazuelos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital La luz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Del Valle
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ernesto Valero Picher
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Itziar Gómez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Dabit Arzamendi
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Liza Korniiko
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Barrero
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sandra Santos-Martínez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana Serrador
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - J Alberto San Román
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Ethnic Disparities in AL Amyloidosis Outcomes Among Hospitalized Patients in the United States. Clin Hematol Int 2022; 4:117-120. [PMID: 36131130 PMCID: PMC9492819 DOI: 10.1007/s44228-022-00014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Sun C, Wang X, Zhang R, Xu L, Wang B, Li J. Efficacy and safety of intravenous daratumumab-based treatments for AL amyloidosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:222. [PMID: 35788237 PMCID: PMC9251945 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous daratumumab (DARA IV) has been increasingly used in the treatment of amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. However, the outcomes for patients administered with DARA IV have not been aggregated. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy and safety of DARA IV for AL amyloidosis. METHODS We searched Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science up to 17 June 2021. Response rates and survival rates, and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled and calculated using a fixed-effects model. RESULTS Thirty studies (5 cohort studies and 25 single-arm studies) with 997 patients were included. In patients receiving DARA IV-based treatments, very good partial response or better response rate, complete response rate, very good partial response rate, partial response rate and overall response rate were 66% (95% CI, 62-69%), 30% (95% CI, 23-36%), 40% (95% CI, 33-46%), 17% (95% CI, 14-21%), and 77% (95% CI, 73-80%), respectively. Cardiac and renal responses were 41% (95% CI, 34-49%) and 43% (95% CI, 32-54%), respectively. 58% (95% CI, 49-66%) of patients achieved PFS one year or longer. 2.5% (range, 1-10.0%) of patients experienced grade 3 or 4 adverse events, of which the most common adverse event was lymphocytopenia (range, 13.6-25.0%). CONCLUSION This study supports the efficacy and safety of DARA IV for the treatment of patients with AL amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Sun
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Renyi Zhang
- Xi'an Janssen Pharmaceutical Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Lingjie Xu
- Xi'an Janssen Pharmaceutical Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Xi'an Janssen Pharmaceutical Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, China.
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41
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Choi YJ, Koh Y, Lee HJ, Hwang IC, Park JB, Yoon YE, Kim HL, Kim HK, Kim YJ, Cho GY, Sohn DW, Paeng JC, Lee SP. Independent Prognostic Utility of 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B PET in Patients with Light-Chain Cardiac Amyloidosis. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1064-1069. [PMID: 34916248 PMCID: PMC9258564 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) PET/CT visualizes the amount of myocardial amyloid deposit and can be used to prognosticate patients with amyloid light-chain (AL) cardiac amyloidosis (CA). However, whether 11C-PiB PET/CT has any independent additional prognostic value beyond the commonly used biomarkers remains unknown. Methods: This prospective study was on a cohort of 58 consecutive patients with AL CA who underwent 11C-PiB PET/CT. The patients were stratified into 2 groups on the basis of a visual assessment of whether there was myocardial 11C-PiB uptake on PET/CT. The primary endpoint was 1-y overall mortality. The independent prognostic utility of 11C-PiB PET/CT was analyzed using net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement. Results: Among the 58 patients enrolled, 35 were positive for myocardial 11C-PiB uptake on PET/CT. Patients with myocardial 11C-PiB PET uptake had a worse 1-y overall survival rate than those without (81.8% vs. 45.5%, P = 0.003 by log-rank test). In the multivariate analysis, positivity for myocardial 11C-PiB uptake on PET/CT was an independent predictor of 1-y mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.382; 95% CI, 1.011-11.316; P = 0.048). In analysis of 3 subgroups of patients-those with a troponin I level of at least 0.1 ng/mL, those with an N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level of at least 1,800 pg/mL, and those with a difference of at least 180 mg/L between free light chains (the 3 commonly used biomarkers and their thresholds for staging in AL amyloidosis)-Kaplan-Meier curves showed for all 3 subgroups that patients positive for myocardial 11C-PiB uptake on PET/CT had a worse prognosis than those who were negative. Additionally, when the results of 11C-PiB PET/CT were added to these 3 biomarkers, the performance of 1-y mortality prediction significantly improved by net reclassification improvement (troponin I, 0.861; NT-proBNP, 0.914; difference between free light chains, 0.987) and by integrated discrimination improvement (0.200, 0.156, and 0.108, respectively). Conclusion:11C-PiB PET/CT is a strong independent predictor of 1-y overall mortality and provides incremental prognostic benefits beyond the 3 commonly used biomarkers of AL amyloidosis staging. Considering the recent development of numerous amyloid-targeting molecular imaging agents, further investigations are warranted on whether PET/CT should be included in risk stratification for patients with AL CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jung Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngil Koh
- Division of Hemato Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Chang Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jun-Bean Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea;,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeonyee E. Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea;,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hack-Lyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea;,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; and
| | - Hyung-Kwan Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea;,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea;,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Goo-Yeong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea;,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae-Won Sohn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea;,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Paeng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Pyo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea;,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kirichenko YY, Ilgisonis IS, Nakhodnova ES, Sokolova IY, Bochkarnikova OV, Kardanova SA, Lyapidevskaya OV, Privalova EV, Ershov VI, Belenkov YN. Case Report: AL Amyloidosis Severe Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Associated With Multiple Myeloma—Diagnostic Difficulties. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:862409. [PMID: 35770217 PMCID: PMC9235537 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.862409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac AL amyloidosis as a complication of multiple myeloma (MM) is a formidable life-threatening condition. The first-line therapy for both MM and systemic AL amyloidosis is proteasome inhibitors (PIs). Unfortunately, the use of PIs may lead to cardiovascular toxicity development, which requires specific cardio-oncology supervision. Case Report A 57-year-old woman was admitted to a university hospital with clinical manifestation of progressive chronic heart failure. The patient had hypertension and no history of diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and arrhythmias. After a series of laboratory and instrumental examination methods, MM complicated by cardiac AL amyloidosis was proved. Upon specific cardio-oncology examination (NT-proBNP 4,274 pg/ml), ECHO showed systolic dysfunction, motion abnormalities in LV basal and middle segments, and a typical depositional myocardium pattern (“luminescence”); cardiac MRI revealed restrictive cardiomyopathy and specific hyperenhancement of the ventricles and atria; 24-h ECG showed QS-pattern in leads V1–V3 and unstable ventricular tachycardia (VT) paroxysms. Cardio-oncology consultation showed baseline cardiovascular risk was very high (≥20%), and cardioprotective therapy [iACE/ARBs, beta-blockers (BB), statins] was administered. The patient underwent VCD (bortezomib; cyclophosphamide; dexamethasone) chemotherapy (CMT) program. By the time of publication, the patient had received four CMT courses with a positive oncohematological and cardiovascular effect. Conclusion In this clinical case, we described a complication of MM, which was rare according to the severity and manifestation with restrictive cardiomyopathy due to secondary cardiac amyloidosis. The case's features were difficulties in verifying the underlying disease and its own complication, and the complexity of patient management according to modern principles of cardio-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Y. Kirichenko
- Department of Hospital Therapy No. 1 of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Yulia Y. Kirichenko
| | - Irina S. Ilgisonis
- Department of Hospital Therapy No. 1 of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S. Nakhodnova
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital No. 1 of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Y. Sokolova
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital No. 1 of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Bochkarnikova
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital No. 1 of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Sabina A. Kardanova
- Department of Hospital Therapy No. 1 of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Lyapidevskaya
- Department of Hospital Therapy No. 1 of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Privalova
- Department of Hospital Therapy No. 1 of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir I. Ershov
- Department of Hospital Therapy No. 1 of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yurii N. Belenkov
- Department of Hospital Therapy No. 1 of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Sanchorawala V, Palladini G, Minnema MC, Jaccard A, Lee HC, Gibbs S, Mollee P, Venner C, Lu J, Schönland S, Gatt M, Suzuki K, Kim K, Cibeira MT, Beksac M, Libby E, Valent J, Hungria V, Wong SW, Rosenzweig M, Bumma N, Chauveau D, Gries KS, Fastenau J, Tran NP, Qin X, Vasey SY, Weiss BM, Vermeulen J, Ho KF, Merlini G, Comenzo RL, Kastritis E, Wechalekar AD. Health-related quality of life in patients with light chain amyloidosis treated with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone ± daratumumab: Results from the ANDROMEDA study. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:719-730. [PMID: 35293006 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the phase 3 ANDROMEDA trial, patients treated with daratumumab, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (D-VCd) had significantly higher rates of organ and hematologic response compared with patients who received VCd alone. Here, we present patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from the ANDROMEDA trial. PROs were assessed through cycle 6 using three standardized questionnaires. Treatment effect through cycle 6 was measured by a repeated-measures, mixed-effects model. The magnitude of changes in PROs versus baseline was generally low, but between-group differences favored the D-VCd group. Results were generally consistent irrespective of hematologic, cardiac, or renal responses. More patients in the D-VCd group experienced meaningful improvements in PROs; median time to improvement was more rapid in the D-VCd group versus the VCd group. After cycle 6, patients in the D-VCd group received daratumumab monotherapy and their PRO assessments continued, with improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) reported through cycle 19. PROs of subgroups with renal and cardiac involvement were consistent with those of the intent-to-treat population. These results demonstrate that the previously reported clinical benefits of D-VCd were achieved without decrement to patients' HRQoL and provide support of D-VCd in patients with AL amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Sanchorawala
- Amyloidosis Center, Department of Hematology Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Giovanni Palladini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Pavia Italy
| | - Monique C. Minnema
- Department of Hematology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Jaccard
- Service d'hématologie clinique et de thérapie cellulaire CHU de Limoges Limoges France
| | - Hans C. Lee
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA
| | - Simon Gibbs
- The Victorian and Tasmanian Amyloidosis Service, Department of Haematology Monash University Eastern Health Clinical School Box Hill Victoria Australia
| | - Peter Mollee
- Department of Hematology Princess Alexandra Hospital and University of Queensland Medical School Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | | | - Jin Lu
- Institute of Hematology Peking University People's Hospital Beijing China
| | - Stefan Schönland
- Amyloidosis Center Universitaetsklinikum Heidelberg Medizinische Klinik V Heidelberg Germany
| | - Moshe Gatt
- Hematology Department Hadassah Medical Center Jerusalem Israel
| | - Kenshi Suzuki
- Department of Hematology Japanese Red Cross Central Medical Center, Shibuya Tokyo Japan
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Department of Medicine Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Seoul South Korea
| | - María Teresa Cibeira
- Amyloidosis and Myeloma Unit Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS Barcelona Spain
| | - Meral Beksac
- Department of Hematology Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Edward Libby
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Jason Valent
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Vania Hungria
- Department of Hematology Clinica São Germano São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sandy W. Wong
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California San Francisco California USA
| | - Michael Rosenzweig
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research City of Hope Duarte California USA
| | - Naresh Bumma
- Division of Hematology The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Dominique Chauveau
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Rares, Département de Néphrologie et Transplantation d'Organes CHU de Toulouse Toulouse France
| | | | - John Fastenau
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC Raritan New Jersey USA
| | - Nam Phuong Tran
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC Los Angeles California USA
| | - Xiang Qin
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC Spring House Pennsylvania USA
| | - Sandra Y. Vasey
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC Spring House Pennsylvania USA
| | - Brendan M. Weiss
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC Spring House Pennsylvania USA
| | | | | | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Pavia Italy
| | - Raymond L. Comenzo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, John C. Davis Myeloma and Amyloid Program Tufts Medical Center Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine Athens Greece
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A case of medical liability involving an unexpected systemic amyloidosis. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2022; 56:102049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Subcutaneous daratumumab (DARZALEX®) co-formulated with recombinant human hyaluronidase (DARZALEX FASPRO®) is approved in several countries, including the USA and those of the EU, for use in combination with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed light chain (AL) amyloidosis. Daratumumab is a CD38-targeting, human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody. In the pivotal phase III ANDROMEDA trial in adults with newly diagnosed systemic AL amyloidosis, the addition of daratumumab to bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone significantly increased the proportion of patients achieving a haematological complete response relative to bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone alone (primary endpoint). Daratumumab combination therapy produced rapid and deep haematological responses which were associated with improved major organ deterioration progression-free survival (PFS). The addition of daratumumab also led to higher cardiac and renal response rates at 6 and 12 months. Daratumumab had an acceptable tolerability profile when used as combination therapy. Therefore, daratumumab in combination with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone represents an important emerging first-line treatment option for patients with systemic AL amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A Blair
- Springer Nature, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0754, New Zealand.
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46
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Cutaneous manifestations of monoclonal gammopathy. Blood Cancer J 2022; 12:58. [PMID: 35411042 PMCID: PMC9001632 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-022-00661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathy associated with dermatological manifestations are a well-recognized complication. These skin disorders can be associated with infiltration and proliferation of a malignant plasma cells or by a deposition of the monoclonal immunoglobulin in a nonmalignant monoclonal gammopathy. These disorders include POEMS syndrome, light chain amyloidosis, Schnitzler syndrome, scleromyxedema and TEMPI syndrome. This article provides a review of clinical manifestations, diagnostics criteria, natural evolution, pathogenesis, and treatment of these cutaneous manifestations.
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Sammartano V, Antonioli E, Buda G, Ciofini S, Candi V, Pengue L, Del Giudice ML, Attucci I, Bacchiarri F, Occhini U, Pirrotta MT, Perfetto F, Bocchia M, Gozzetti A. Daratumumab in AL Amyloidosis: A Real-Life Experience of the “RTM” (Regional Tuscan Myeloma Network). J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030484. [PMID: 35330483 PMCID: PMC8952680 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic amyloidosis arises from monoclonal CD38+ plasma cells that produce misfolded immunoglobulin light chains, which form amyloid fibrils that are deposited into different tissues, leading to organ damage. Daratumumab is a human IgG/k monoclonal antibody that targets CD38, a glycoprotein uniformly expressed on human plasma cells. Daratumumab has been utilized in recent years with unprecedented responses in multiple myeloma. In patients with relapsed or refractory AL amyloidosis, daratumumab has shown promising efficacy in terms of hematologic responses and improvement in organ function. Here, we report real-life treatment with Daratumumab in 33 AL amyloidosis patients treated within the Regional Tuscan Myeloma network at 5 centers with associated MGUS or SMM (n = 15) or symptomatic MM (n = 18). Patients were treated at relapsed/refractory disease stages (n = 29) with a median of one previous line of therapy or at diagnosis (n = 4). Daratumumab showed good efficacy, representing 60% of good hematological responses and 50% of organ responses in a real-life population of patients with an acceptable toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sammartano
- Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.S.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Antonioli
- Hematology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.A.); (L.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Gabriele Buda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hematology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.B.); (M.L.D.G.)
| | - Sara Ciofini
- Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.S.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Veronica Candi
- UOS Ematologia, San Donato Hospital, ASL8, 52100 Arezzo, Italy; (V.C.); (U.O.)
| | - Ludovica Pengue
- Hematology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.A.); (L.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Maria Livia Del Giudice
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hematology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.B.); (M.L.D.G.)
| | - Irene Attucci
- Hematology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.A.); (L.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Francesca Bacchiarri
- Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.S.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Ubaldo Occhini
- UOS Ematologia, San Donato Hospital, ASL8, 52100 Arezzo, Italy; (V.C.); (U.O.)
| | | | - Federico Perfetto
- IV Internal Medicine Division, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Monica Bocchia
- Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.S.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Alessandro Gozzetti
- Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.S.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-586784
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48
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Takahashi D, Matsunaga E, Yamashita T, Caaveiro JM, Abe Y, Ueda T. Compound screening identified gossypetin and isoquercitrin as novel inhibitors for amyloid fibril formations of Vλ6 proteins associated with AL amyloidosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 596:22-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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49
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Rivera Duarte A, Reece D, Li X, Xu W, Paul H, Masih-Khan E, Winter A, Tiedemann R, Prica A, Chen C, Trudel S, Kukreti V. Fixed duration vs. prolonged duration treatment after first line therapy in patients with systemic light chain amyloidosis. Amyloid 2022; 29:23-30. [PMID: 34519603 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2021.1978423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective of treatment in systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis) is to achieve the best hematological response. Deeper responses are associated with better organ responses and survival. In this study, we analysed the efficacy of prolonged duration treatment after first line in patients with AL amyloidosis. METHODS Retrospective analysis that included patients older than 18 years with AL amyloidosis. We excluded patients with more than 30% marrow plasmacytosis or concurrent multiple myeloma. Two cohorts identified accordingly if they received or not prolonged treatment after the first line. Survival analysis regarding progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) estimated with Kaplan-Meier and comparisons between groups with log-rank. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients were included in the analysis with a median age of 55 years. Twenty-one patients received prolonged duration treatment and 17 did not. In the prolonged duration group, after a median duration of 12 months, the median PFS was 58.8 months. In the fixed duration treatment group, PFS was 30.6 months. The difference was significant with p = .0045 favouring prolonged duration treatment. Organ response was sustained for a longer period in the prolonged duration treatment group. For OS, the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged duration treatment in patients with systemic light chain amyloidosis correlated with better PFS and deeper organ responses. Prospective studies are needed to analyse this further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Rivera Duarte
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Donna Reece
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Harminder Paul
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Esther Masih-Khan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew Winter
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rodger Tiedemann
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anca Prica
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christine Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Suzanne Trudel
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vishal Kukreti
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
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50
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Sy-Go JPT, Herrmann SM, Seshan SV. Monoclonal Gammopathy-Related Kidney Diseases. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2022; 29:86-102.e1. [PMID: 35817530 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathies occur secondary to a broad range of clonal B lymphocyte or plasma cell disorders, producing either whole or truncated monoclonal immunoglobulins. The kidneys are often affected by these monoclonal proteins, and, although not mutually exclusive, can involve the glomeruli, tubules, interstitium, and vasculature. The nephrotoxic potential of these monoclonal proteins is dependent on a variety of physicochemical characteristics that are responsible for the diverse clinicopathologic manifestations, including glomerular diseases with organized deposits, glomerular diseases with granular deposits, and other lesions, such as C3 glomerulopathy and thrombotic microangiopathy with unique pathophysiologic features. The diseases that involve primarily the tubulointerstitial and vascular compartments are light chain cast nephropathy, light chain proximal tubulopathy, crystal-storing histiocytosis, and crystalglobulin-induced nephropathy with distinct acute and chronic clinicopathologic features. The diagnosis of a monoclonal gammopathy-related kidney disease is established by identification of an underlying active or more commonly, low-grade hematologic malignancy, serologic evidence of a monoclonal gammopathy when detectable, and most importantly, monoclonal protein-induced pathologic lesions seen in a kidney biopsy, confirming the association with the monoclonal protein. Establishing a diagnosis may be challenging at times, particularly in the absence of an overt hematologic malignancy, with or without monoclonal gammopathy, such as proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits. Overall, the treatment is directed against the underlying hematologic disorder and the potential source of the monoclonal protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra M Herrmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - Surya V Seshan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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