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Donovan M, Spatz DL. Effects of a Person's Lactation History on Later-Life Development of Alzheimer's Disease: An Integrative Review. Breastfeed Med 2024; 19:399-408. [PMID: 38568117 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2023.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this integrative review is to assess the existing evidence regarding the effects of a person's lactation history on later-life development of Alzheimer's disease. Methods: The authors searched the electronic databases PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, and Excerpta Medica dataBASE, and performed backward reference searches using search terms such as, "Alzheimer's disease, dementia," and "breastfeeding, lactation." Authors selected relevant records through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria and reading the titles, abstracts, or records in full. Results: In total, 400 articles were identified, and 10 articles meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed. Authors extracted data following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and scored levels of evidence according to Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt. Data were organized according to themes of breastfeeding duration, ever having breastfed, and indirect effects of breastfeeding. Conclusions: Breastfeeding may have neuroprotective effects for the lactating person and reduce the risk of later-life development of Alzheimer's disease. However, future research is necessary to determine the generalizability of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira Donovan
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diane L Spatz
- Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Rutherford JN, Ross CN, Ziegler T, Burke LA, Steffen AD, Sills A, Layne Colon D, deMartelly VA, Narapareddy LR, Tardif SD. Womb to womb: Maternal litter size and birth weight but not adult characteristics predict early neonatal death of offspring in the common marmoset monkey. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252093. [PMID: 34106943 PMCID: PMC8189522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A singular focus on maternal health at the time of a pregnancy leaves much about perinatal mortality unexplained, especially when there is growing evidence for maternal early life effects. Further, lumping stillbirth and early neonatal death into a single category of perinatal mortality may obscure different causes and thus different avenues of screening and prevention. The common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus), a litter-bearing nonhuman primate, is an ideal species in which to study the independent effects of a mother's early life and adult phenotypes on pregnancy outcomes. We tested two hypotheses in 59 marmoset pregnancies at the Southwest National Primate Research Center and the Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies. We explored 1) whether pregnancy outcomes were predicted independently by maternal adult weight versus maternal litter size and birth weight, and 2) whether stillbirth and early neonatal death were differentially predicted by maternal variables. No maternal characteristics predicted stillbirth and no maternal adult characteristics predicted early neonatal death. In univariate Poisson models, triplet-born females had a significantly increased rate of early neonatal death (IRR[se] = 3.00[1.29], p = 0.011), while higher birth weight females had a decreased rate (IRR[se] = 0.89[0.05], p = 0.039). In multivariate Poisson models, maternal litter size remained an independent predictor, explaining 13% of the variance in early neonatal death. We found that the later in the first week those neonates died, the more weight they lost. Together these findings suggest that triplet-born and low birth weight females have distinct developmental trajectories underlying greater rates of infant loss, losses that we suggest may be attributable to developmental disruption of infant feeding and carrying. Our findings of early life contributions to adult pregnancy outcomes in the common marmoset disrupt mother-blaming narratives of pregnancy outcomes in humans. These narratives hold that the pregnant person is solely responsible for pregnancy outcomes and the health of their children, independent of socioecological factors, a moralistic framing that has shaped clinical pregnancy management. It is necessary to differentiate temporal trajectories and causes of perinatal loss and view them as embedded in external processes to develop screening, diagnostic, and treatment tools that consider the full arc of a mother's lived experience, from womb to womb and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne N. Rutherford
- Department of Human Development Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Corinna N. Ross
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Toni Ziegler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Larisa A. Burke
- Office for Research Facilitation, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alana D. Steffen
- Department of Population Health Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Aubrey Sills
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Donna Layne Colon
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Victoria A. deMartelly
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Laren R. Narapareddy
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Suzette D. Tardif
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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3
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Dong J, Shin N, Lee JY, Jia B, Chudnovets A, McLane MW, Li S, Na Q, Lei J, Burd I. Maternal inflammation leads to different mTORC1 activity varied by anatomic locations in mouse placenta†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:1046-1055. [PMID: 31403169 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal inflammation (MI) is associated with many adverse perinatal outcomes. The placenta plays a vital role in mediating maternal-fetal resource allocation. Studies have shown that MI contributes to placental dysfunction, which then leads to adverse birth outcomes and high health risks throughout childhood. Placental mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway links maternal nutrient availability to fetal growth; however, the impact of MI on mTORC1 signaling in the placenta remains unclear. In this study, we sought to explore the changes of mTORC1 signaling in the mouse placenta at late gestation by using two models of MI employing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) to mimic acute (aMI) and sub-chronic (cMI) inflammatory states, respectively. We determined placental mTORC1 activity by measuring the activity of mTORC1 downstream molecules, including S6k, 4Ebp1, and rpS6. In the aMI model, we found that mTORC1 activity was significantly decreased in the placental decidual and junctional zone at 2 and 6 h after LPS surgery, respectively; however, mTORC1 activity was significantly increased in the placental labyrinth zone at 2, 6, and 24 h after LPS treatment, respectively. In the cMI model, we observed that mTORC1 activity was increased only in the placental labyrinth zone after consecutive IL-1β exposure. Our study reveals that different parts of the mouse placenta react differently to MI, leading to variable mTORC1 activity throughout the placenta. This suggests that different downstream molecules of mTORC1 from different parts of the mouse placenta may be used in clinical research to monitor the fetal well-being during MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Na Shin
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bei Jia
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Chudnovets
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael W McLane
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Su Li
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Quan Na
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun Lei
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Irina Burd
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Ocobock
- Department of Anthropology University Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
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5
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Narapareddy L, Wildman DE, Armstrong DL, Weckle A, Bell AF, Patil CL, Tardif SD, Ross CN, Rutherford JN. Maternal weight affects placental DNA methylation of genes involved in metabolic pathways in the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). Am J Primatol 2020; 82:e23101. [PMID: 32020652 PMCID: PMC7154656 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of placental DNA methylation (DNAm) is a mechanism linking maternal weight during pregnancy to metabolic programming outcomes. The common marmoset, Callithrix jaccus, is a platyrrhine primate species that has provided much insight into studies of the primate placenta, maternal condition, and metabolic programming, yet the relationships between maternal weight and placental DNAm are unknown. Here, we report genome‐wide DNAm from term marmoset placentas using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. We identified 74 genes whose DNAm pattern is associated with maternal weight during gestation. These genes are predominantly involved in energy metabolism and homeostasis, including the regulation of glycolytic and lipid metabolic processes pathways. The placental DNA methylation (DNAm) landscape of the marmoset placenta presents unique differences and similarities with human placental methylation patterns. Maternal weight is associated with placental DNAm in genes that are predominantly involved in energy metabolism and homeostasis. The impact of altered placental DNAm on placental function and development may also contribute to the potential role of placental DNAm in developmental programming in the marmoset monkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laren Narapareddy
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Derek E Wildman
- Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Don L Armstrong
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Amy Weckle
- Illinois Water Resources Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Aleeca F Bell
- Department of Women, Children and Family Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Crystal L Patil
- Department of Women, Children and Family Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Suzette D Tardif
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Corinna N Ross
- Program of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Julienne N Rutherford
- Department of Women, Children and Family Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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6
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Riesche L, Tardif SD, Ross CN, deMartelly VA, Ziegler T, Rutherford JN. The common marmoset monkey: avenues for exploring the prenatal, placental, and postnatal mechanisms in developmental programming of pediatric obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314:R684-R692. [PMID: 29412686 PMCID: PMC6008109 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00164.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Animal models have been critical in building evidence that the prenatal experience and intrauterine environment are capable of exerting profound and permanent effects on metabolic health through developmental programming of obesity. However, despite physiological and evolutionary similarities, nonhuman primate models are relatively rare. The common marmoset monkey ( Callithrix jacchus) is a New World monkey that has been used as a biomedical model for well more than 50 years and has recently been framed as an appropriate model for exploring early-life impacts on later health and disease. The spontaneous, multifactorial, and early-life development of obesity in the common marmoset make it a valuable research model for advancing our knowledge about the role of the prenatal and placental mechanisms involved in developmental programming of obesity. This paper provides a brief overview of obesity in the common marmoset, followed by a discussion of marmoset reproduction and placental characteristics. We then discuss the occurrence and utility of variable intrauterine environments in developmental programming in marmosets. Evidence of developmental programming of obesity will be given, and finally, we put forward future directions and innovations for including the placenta in developmental programming of obesity in the common marmoset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laren Riesche
- University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Toni Ziegler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center , Madison, Wisconsin
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8
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Behringer V, Wudy SA, Blum WF, Stevens JMG, Remer T, Boesch C, Hohmann G. Sex Differences in Age-Related Decline of Urinary Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-3 Levels in Adult Bonobos and Chimpanzees. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:118. [PMID: 27602019 PMCID: PMC4994059 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the characterization of normative senescence in humans. To assess to what extent aging patterns in humans are unique, comparative data from closely related species, such as non-human primates, can be very useful. Here, we use data from bonobos and chimpanzees, two closely related species that share a common ancestor with humans, to explore physiological markers that are indicative of aging processes. Many studies on aging in humans focus on the somatotropic axis, consisting of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). In humans, IGFBP-3 levels decline steadily with increasing age. We used urinary IGFBP-3 levels as an alternative endocrine marker for IGF-I to identify the temporal pattern known to be related with age-related changes in cell proliferation, growth, and apoptosis. We measured urinary IGFBP-3 levels in samples from 71 bonobos and 102 chimpanzees. Focusing on samples from individuals aged 10 years or older, we found that urinary IGFBP-3 levels decline in both ape species with increasing age. However, in both species, females start with higher urinary IGFBP-3 levels than males, experience a steeper decline with increasing age, and converge with male levels around the age of 30-35 years. Our measurements of urinary IGFBP-3 levels indicate that bonobos and chimpanzees mirror human patterns of age-related decline in IGFBP-3 in older individuals (<10 years) of both sexes. Moreover, such as humans, both ape species show sex-specific differences in IGFBP-3 levels with females having higher levels than males, a result that correlates with sex differences in life expectancy. Using changes in urinary IGFBP-3 levels as a proxy for changes in GH and IGF-I levels that mark age-related changes in cell proliferation, this approach provides an opportunity to investigate trade-offs in life-history strategies in cross-sectional and in longitudinal studies, both in captivity and in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Behringer
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Verena Behringer,
| | - Stefan A. Wudy
- Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics in Paediatric Endocrinology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner F. Blum
- Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics in Paediatric Endocrinology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jeroen M. G. Stevens
- Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas Remer
- DONALD Study Dortmund, IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christophe Boesch
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gottfried Hohmann
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Nelson RG. Residential context, institutional alloparental care, and child growth in Jamaica. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 28:493-502. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robin G. Nelson
- Skidmore University, Department of Anthropology; Saratoga Springs New York 12866
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10
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Conti N, Torricelli M, Voltolini C, Vannuccini S, Clifton VL, Bloise E, Petraglia F. Term histologic chorioamnionitis: a heterogeneous condition. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 188:34-8. [PMID: 25770845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A histologic response of histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) is defined as an intrauterine inflammatory condition characterized by acute granulocyte infiltration into the fetal-maternal or the fetal tissues. Prevalence of HCA is inversely correlated with gestational age, occurring in 50% of preterm birth and in up to 20% of deliveries at term. Regardless of these standard definitions, understanding HCA is challenging as it reflects a heterogeneous condition. A histologic response of HCA from term placentas often does not correspond to a clinical presentation; in this context, the present review aims to analyze main characteristics of this condition, in particular focusing on mechanisms and birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Conti
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Michela Torricelli
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Voltolini
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Vannuccini
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Vicky L Clifton
- Robinson Institute, School Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Enrico Bloise
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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11
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Bloise E, Feuer SK, Rinaudo PF. Comparative intrauterine development and placental function of ART concepti: implications for human reproductive medicine and animal breeding. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20:822-39. [PMID: 24947475 PMCID: PMC4196686 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of children conceived using assisted reproductive technologies (ART) has reached >5 million worldwide and continues to increase. Although the great majority of ART children are healthy, many reports suggest a forthcoming risk of metabolic complications, which is further supported by the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis of suboptimal embryo/fetal conditions predisposing adult cardiometabolic pathologies. Accumulating evidence suggests that fetal and placental growth kinetics are important features predicting post-natal health, but the relationship between ART and intrauterine growth has not been systematically reviewed. METHODS Relevant studies describing fetoplacental intrauterine phenotypes of concepti generated by in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in the mouse, bovine and human were comprehensively researched using PubMed and Google Scholar. Intrauterine growth plots were created from tabular formatted data available in selected reports. RESULTS ART pregnancies display minor but noticeable alterations in fetal and placental growth curves across mammalian species. In all species, there is evidence of fetal growth restriction in the earlier stages of pregnancy, followed by significant increases in placental size and accelerated fetal growth toward the end of gestation. However, there is a species-specific effect of ART on birthweights, that additionally vary in a culture condition-, strain-, and/or stage at transfer-specific manner. We discuss the potential mechanisms that underlie these changes, and how they are affected by specific components of ART procedures. CONCLUSIONS ART may promote measurable alterations to intrauterine growth trajectory and placental function. Key findings include evidence that birthweight is not a reliable marker of fetal stress, and that increases in embryo manipulation result in more deviant fetal growth curves. Because growth kinetics in early life are particularly relevant to adult metabolic physiology, we advise more rigorous assessment of fetal growth and placental function in human ART pregnancies, as well as continued follow-up of ART offspring throughout post-natal life. Finally, strategies to minimize embryo manipulations should be adopted whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrrico Bloise
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sky K Feuer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paolo F Rinaudo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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13
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Rodney NC, Mulligan CJ. A biocultural study of the effects of maternal stress on mother and newborn health in the Democratic Republic of Congo. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 155:200-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. Rodney
- Department of Anthropology; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611
| | - Connie J. Mulligan
- Department of Anthropology; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32610
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14
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Rutherford JN, deMartelly VA, Layne Colon DG, Ross CN, Tardif SD. Developmental origins of pregnancy loss in the adult female common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). PLoS One 2014; 9:e96845. [PMID: 24871614 PMCID: PMC4037172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of the intrauterine environment on the developmental programming of adult female reproductive success is still poorly understood and potentially underestimated. Litter size variation in a nonhuman primate, the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus), allows us to model the effects of varying intrauterine environments (e.g. nutrient restriction, exposure to male womb-mates) on the risk of losing fetuses in adulthood. Our previous work has characterized the fetuses of triplet pregnancies as experiencing intrauterine nutritional restriction. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We used over a decade of demographic data from the Southwest National Primate Research Center common marmoset colony. We evaluated differences between twin and triplet females in the number of pregnancies they produce and the proportion of those pregnancies that ended in fetal loss. We found that triplet females produced the same number of total offspring as twin females, but lost offspring during pregnancy at a significantly higher rate than did twins (38% vs. 13%, p = 0.02). Regardless of their own birth weight or the sex ratio of the litter the experienced as fetuses, triplet females lost more fetuses than did twins. Females with a male littermate experienced a significant increase in the proportion of stillbirths. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These striking findings anchor pregnancy loss in the mother's own fetal environment and development, underscoring a "Womb to Womb" view of the lifecourse and the intergenerational consequences of development. This has important translational implications for understanding the large proportion of human stillbirths that are unexplained. Our findings provide strong evidence that a full understanding of mammalian life history and reproductive biology requires a developmental foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne N. Rutherford
- Department of Women, Children, and Family Health, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Victoria A. deMartelly
- Department of Women, Children, and Family Health, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Donna G. Layne Colon
- Southwest National Primate Research Center/Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Corinna N. Ross
- Southwest National Primate Research Center/Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Texas A & M University - San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Barshop Institute for Longevity & Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Suzette D. Tardif
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Barshop Institute for Longevity & Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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15
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Goodman AH. Bringing Culture into Human Biology and Biology Back into Anthropology. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/aman.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan H. Goodman
- School of Natural Sciences; Hampshire College; Amherst; MA; 01002
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16
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Rutherford JN. Toward a nonhuman primate model of fetal programming: phenotypic plasticity of the common marmoset fetoplacental complex. Placenta 2012; 33 Suppl 2:e35-9. [PMID: 22776637 PMCID: PMC3482116 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates offer unique opportunities as animal models in the study of developmental programming and the role of the placenta in developmental processes. All primates share fundamental similarities in life history and reproductive biology. Thus, insights gleaned from studies of nonhuman primates have a higher degree of biological salience to human biology than do studies of rodents or agricultural animals. The common marmoset monkey is a small-bodied primate from South America that produces litters of dizygotic fetuses that share a single placental mass. This natural variation allows us to model different intrauterine conditions and associated fetoplacental phenotypes. The marmoset placenta is phenotypically plastic according to litter size. Triplet litters are characterized by low individual fetal weights and significantly more efficient placentas and attendant alterations to the microscopic architecture and endocrine function, thus modeling a nutrient restricted intrauterine environment. Consistent with this model, triplet neonates experience a higher risk of perinatal mortality and an increased likelihood of elevated adult weight. Recent evidence has shown that the intrauterine experience of females has an impact on their own pregnancy outcomes in adulthood: triplet females experience significantly greater pregnancy loss than do twin females. The marmoset monkey thus represents a potential powerful nonhuman primate model of multiple pregnancies, restrictive prenatal experiences, and differential reproductive outcomes in adulthood, which may have important implications for studying the impact of in vitro fertilization on adult reproductive health. It is still too early to determine exactly what developmental pathways lead to this disparity or what specific role the placenta plays; future work on this front will be critical to establish the marmoset as an important model of fetal programming of reproductive function in adulthood and across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne N Rutherford
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Comparative Primate Biology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 S. Paulina Street, M/C 690, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Abrams ET, Rutherford JN. Framing postpartum hemorrhage as a consequence of human placental biology: an evolutionary and comparative perspective. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 2012; 113:417-30. [PMID: 21909154 DOI: 10.1111/j.1548-1433.2011.01351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide, is responsible for 35 percent of maternal deaths. Proximately, PPH results from the failure of the placenta to separate from the uterine wall properly, most often because of impairment of uterine muscle contraction. Despite its prevalence and its well-described clinical manifestations, the ultimate causes of PPH are not known and have not been investigated through an evolutionary lens. We argue that vulnerability to PPH stems from the intensely invasive nature of human placentation. The human placenta causes uterine vessels to undergo transformation to provide the developing fetus with a high plane of maternal resources; the degree of this transformation in humans is extensive. We argue that the particularly invasive nature of the human placenta increases the possibility of increased blood loss at parturition. We review evidence suggesting PPH and other placental disorders represent an evolutionarily novel condition in hominins.
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Jarcho MR, Mendoza SP, Bales KL. Hormonal and experiential predictors of infant survivorship and maternal behavior in a monogamous primate (Callicebus cupreus). Am J Primatol 2012; 74:462-70. [PMID: 22318880 PMCID: PMC4247788 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the roles that hormones and experience play in infant survival and maternal behavior in a biparental primate species, we analyzed urinary estrone (E(1)C) and pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG) from 24 socially housed titi monkey (Callicebus cupreus) females over 54 pregnancies (N = 1,430 samples). Pregnancies were categorized according to whether the infant survived (N = 35) or not (N = 19), and by maternal parity (primiparous: N = 9; multiparous: N = 45). Mothers of infants that survived had a significantly greater drop in PdG from the third trimester to the first week postpartum than mothers of infants that did not survive. Multiparous mothers had a greater increase in PdG from the first to the third trimester as well as greater increases in the E(1)C:PdG ratio from the first to the third trimester and from the third trimester to the first week postpartum. There were positive relationships between third trimester PdG and maternal carrying and nursing during the first week postpartum, and between maternal age and carrying during the infant's first month of life. There was a negative correlation between maternal age and PdG during the third trimester. These results suggest that elevated progesterone during late pregnancy followed by progesterone withdrawal immediately following parturition is associated with greater probability of infant survivorship and maternal behavior in this species, and that older females engage in more postpartum maternal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Jarcho
- Psychology Department, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA.
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Kuzawa CW, Thayer ZM. Timescales of human adaptation: the role of epigenetic processes. Epigenomics 2011; 3:221-34. [DOI: 10.2217/epi.11.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human biology includes multiple adaptive mechanisms that allow adjustment to varying timescales of environmental change. Sensitive or critical periods in early development allow for the transfer of environmental information between generations, which helps an organism track gradual environmental change. There is growing evidence that offspring biology is responsive to experiences encoded in maternal biology and her epigenome as signaled through the transfer of nutrients and hormones across the placenta and via breast milk. Principles of evolutionary and comparative biology lead to the expectation that transient fluctuations in early experience should have greater long-term impacts in small, short-lived species compared with large, long-lived species such as humans. This implies greater buffering of the negative effects of early-life stress in humans, but also a reduced sensitivity to short-term interventions that aim to improve long-term health outcomes. Taking the timescales of adaptation seriously will allow the design of interventions that emulate long-term environmental change and thereby coax the developing human body into committing to a changed long-term strategy, yielding lasting improvements in human health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Kuzawa
- Cells 2 Society, The Center on Social Disparities & Health at the Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Zaneta M Thayer
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Bernstein RM. The big and small of it: How body size evolves. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2010; 143 Suppl 51:46-62. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Rutherford JN, Eklund A, Tardif S. Placental insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) and its relation to litter size in the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). Am J Primatol 2010; 71:969-75. [PMID: 19743442 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The primate placenta produces a wide variety of hormones throughout gestation that regulate placental function and fetal growth. One such hormone is insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II), a peptide implicated in cell division, differentiation, and amino acid transport. IGF-II concentrations were measured in 23 common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) term placentas from twin and triplet litters in order to determine whether previously described differences in fetoplacental phenotype such as placental and litter mass and placental surface area were related to differences in endocrine function. IGF-II was extracted from frozen tissue samples and measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit designed for human tissue, which was validated for marmoset placenta. IGF-II concentrations were not related to placental or litter mass, and twin and triplet placentas did not differ in total concentration. However, per individual fetus, triplets were associated with a significant 42% reduction in IGF-II concentration (P = 0.03), and IGF-II concentration per gram of fetal mass was a third lower in triplet litters. The triplet placenta exhibits a global expansion of the surface area which was contrasted by a per unit area reduction in IGF-II concentration (r = -0.75, P = 0.01), a pattern that explains why twin and triplet placentas overall did not differ in concentration. Per fetus, triplet pregnancies are associated with relatively less maternal mass, placental mass and microscopic surface area suggesting that the intrauterine growth of triplets is supported by systems that increase the efficiency of nutrient transfer. The finding that individual triplet fetuses are also associated with significantly lower IGF-II concentrations is consistent with the view that the marmoset fetoplacental unit exhibits a flexible pattern of placental allocation and metabolism. Plasticity in placental endocrine and metabolic function is likely to play an important role in the ability of the fetus to sense and accommodate the intrauterine environment and, by extension, the external ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne N Rutherford
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Nepomnaschy PA, Vitzthum VJ, Flinn MV. Evolutionary endocrinology: integrating proximate mechanisms, ontogeny, and evolved function. Introduction. Am J Hum Biol 2010; 21:728-30. [PMID: 19367572 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P A Nepomnaschy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6.
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