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Kim DS, Pessah IN, Santana CM, Purnell BS, Li R, Buchanan GF, Rumbeiha WK. Investigations into hydrogen sulfide-induced suppression of neuronal activity in vivo and calcium dysregulation in vitro. Toxicol Sci 2023; 192:kfad022. [PMID: 36882182 PMCID: PMC10109532 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute exposure to high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) leads to sudden death and, if survived, lingering neurological disorders. Clinical signs include seizures, loss of consciousness, and dyspnea. The proximate mechanisms underlying H2S-induced acute toxicity and death have not been clearly elucidated. We investigated electrocerebral, cardiac and respiratory activity during H2S exposure using electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (EKG) and plethysmography. H2S suppressed electrocerebral activity and disrupted breathing. Cardiac activity was comparatively less affected. To test whether Ca2+ dysregulation contributes to H2S-induced EEG suppression, we developed an in vitro real-time rapid throughput assay measuring patterns of spontaneous synchronized Ca2+ oscillations in cultured primary cortical neuronal networks loaded with the indicator Fluo-4 using the fluorescent imaging plate reader (FLIPR-Tetra®). Sulfide >5 ppm dysregulated synchronous calcium oscillation (SCO) patterns in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibitors of NMDA and AMPA receptors magnified H2S-induced SCO suppression. Inhibitors of L-type voltage gated Ca2+ channels and transient receptor potential channels prevented H2S-induced SCO suppression. Inhibitors of T-type voltage gated Ca2+ channels, ryanodine receptors, and sodium channels had no measurable influence on H2S-induced SCO suppression. Exposures to > 5 ppm sulfide also suppressed neuronal electrical activity in primary cortical neurons measured by multi-electrode array (MEA), an effect alleviated by pretreatment with the nonselective transient receptor potential channel inhibitor, 2-APB. 2-APB also reduced primary cortical neuronal cell death from sulfide exposure. These results improve our understanding of the role of different Ca2+ channels in acute H2S-induced neurotoxicity and identify transient receptor potential channel modulators as novel structures with potential therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Suk Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Isaac N Pessah
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Cristina M Santana
- VDPAM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- MRIGlobal, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Benton S Purnell
- Department of Neurology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52246, USA
- Department of Nerosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52246, USA
| | - Gordon F Buchanan
- Department of Neurology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52246, USA
| | - Wilson K Rumbeiha
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
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2
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Santana Maldonado C, Weir A, Rumbeiha WK. A comprehensive review of treatments for hydrogen sulfide poisoning: past, present, and future. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:183-196. [PMID: 36076319 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2121192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) poisoning remains a significant source of occupational fatalities and is the second most common cause of toxic gas-induced deaths. It is a rapidly metabolized systemic toxicant targeting the mitochondria, among other organelles. Intoxication is mostly acute, but chronic or in-between exposure scenarios also occur. Some genetic defects in H2S metabolism lead to lethal chronic H2S poisoning. In acute exposures, the neural, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems are the primary target organs resulting in respiratory distress, convulsions, hypotension, and cardiac irregularities. Some survivors of acute poisoning develop long-term sequelae, particularly in the central nervous system. Currently, treatment for H2S poisoning is primarily supportive care as there are no FDA-approved drugs. Besides hyperbaric oxygen treatment, drugs in current use for the management of H2S poisoning are controversial. Novel potential drugs are under pre-clinical research development, most of which target binding the H2S. However, there is an acute need to discover new drugs to prevent and treat H2S poisoning, including reducing mortality and morbidity, preventing sequalae from acute exposures, and for treating cumulative pathology from chronic exposures. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive review of H2S poisoning including perspectives on past, present, and future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abigail Weir
- Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Wilson K Rumbeiha
- Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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3
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Star BS, van der Slikke EC, Ransy C, Schmitt A, Henning RH, Bouillaud F, Bouma HR. GYY4137-Derived Hydrogen Sulfide Donates Electrons to the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain via Sulfide: Quinone Oxidoreductase in Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030587. [PMID: 36978834 PMCID: PMC10044827 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) to limit oxidative injury and preserve mitochondrial function during sepsis, ischemia/reperfusion, and neurodegenerative diseases have prompted the development of soluble H2S-releasing compounds such as GYY4137. Yet, the effects of GYY4137 on the mitochondrial function of endothelial cells remain unclear, while this cell type comprises the first target cell after parenteral administration. Here, we specifically assessed whether human endothelial cells possess a functional sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR), to oxidise GYY4137-released H2S within the mitochondria for electron donation to the electron transport chain. We demonstrate that H2S administration increases oxygen consumption by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which does not occur in the SQOR-deficient cell line SH-SY5Y. GYY4137 releases H2S in HUVECs in a dose- and time-dependent fashion as quantified by oxygen consumption and confirmed by lead acetate assay, as well as AzMC fluorescence. Scavenging of intracellular H2S using zinc confirmed intracellular and intramitochondrial sulfur, which resulted in mitotoxic zinc sulfide (ZnS) precipitates. Together, GYY4137 increases intramitochondrial H2S and boosts oxygen consumption of endothelial cells, which is likely governed via the oxidation of H2S by SQOR. This mechanism in endothelial cells may be instrumental in regulating H2S levels in blood and organs but can also be exploited to quantify H2S release by soluble donors such as GYY4137 in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan S. Star
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (B.S.S.); (H.R.B.)
| | - Elisabeth C. van der Slikke
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Céline Ransy
- The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), The National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Université de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Alain Schmitt
- The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), The National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Université de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Robert H. Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Bouillaud
- The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), The National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Université de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Hjalmar R. Bouma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (B.S.S.); (H.R.B.)
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4
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Haouzi P, MacCann M, Brenner M, Mahon S, Bebarta VS, Chan A, Judenherc-Haouzi A, Tubbs N, Boss GR. Treatment of life-threatening H2S intoxication: Lessons from the trapping agent tetranitrocobinamide. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:103998. [PMID: 36228991 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We sought to evaluate the efficacy of trapping free hydrogen sulfide (H2S) following severe H2S intoxication. Sodium hydrosulfide solution (NaHS, 20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally in 69 freely moving rats. In a first group (protocol 1), 40 rats were randomly assigned to receive saline (n = 20) or the cobalt compound tetranitrocobinamide (TNCbi) (n = 20, 75 mg/kg iv), one minute into coma, when free H2S was still present in the blood. A second group of 27 rats received TNCbi or saline, following epinephrine, 5 min into coma, when the concentration of free H2S has drastically decreased in the blood. In protocol 1, TNCbi significantly increased immediate survival (65 vs 20 %, p < 0.01) while in protocol 2, administration of TNCbi led to the same outcome as untreated animals. We hypothesize that the decreased efficacy of TNCbi with time likely reflects the rapid spontaneous disappearance of the pool of free H2S in the blood following H2S exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Haouzi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Marissa MacCann
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Brenner
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sari Mahon
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vikhyat S Bebarta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Adriano Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Annick Judenherc-Haouzi
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nicole Tubbs
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gerry R Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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5
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Miyazaki Y, Marutani E, Ikeda T, Ni X, Hanaoka K, Xian M, Ichinose F. A Sulfonyl Azide-Based Sulfide Scavenger Rescues Mice from Lethal Hydrogen Sulfide Intoxication. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:393-403. [PMID: 34270781 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can cause neurotoxicity and cardiopulmonary arrest. Resuscitating victims of sulfide intoxication is extremely difficult, and survivors often exhibit persistent neurological deficits. However, no specific antidote is available for sulfide intoxication. The objective of this study was to examine whether administration of a sulfonyl azide-based sulfide-specific scavenger, SS20, would rescue mice in models of H2S intoxication: ongoing exposure and post-cardiopulmonary arrest. In the ongoing exposure model, SS20 (1,250 µmol/kg) or vehicle was administered to awake CD-1 mice intraperitoneally at 10 minutes after breathing 790 ppm of H2S followed by another 30 minutes of H2S inhalation. Effects of SS20 on survival was assessed. In the post-cardiopulmonary arrest model, cardiopulmonary arrest was induced by an intraperitoneal administration of sodium sulfide nonahydrate (125 mg/kg) in anesthetized mice. After 1 minute of cardiopulmonary arrest, mice were resuscitated with intravenous administration of SS20 (250 µmol/kg) or vehicle. Effects of SS20 on survival, neurological outcomes, and plasma H2S levels were evaluated. Administration of SS20 during ongoing H2S inhalation improved 24-hour survival (6/6 [100%] in SS20 versus 1/6 [17%] in vehicle; P = 0.0043). Post-arrest administration of SS20 improved 7-day survival (4/10 [40%] in SS20 versus 0/10 [0%] in vehicle; P = 0.0038) and neurological outcomes after resuscitation. SS20 decreased plasma H2S levels to pre-arrest baseline immediately after reperfusion and shortened the time to return of spontaneous circulation and respiration. The current results suggest that SS20 is an effective antidote against lethal H2S intoxication, even when administered after cardiopulmonary arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Miyazaki
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Eizo Marutani
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Takamitsu Ikeda
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Xiang Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Kenjiro Hanaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Fumito Ichinose
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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6
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Kim DS, Anantharam P, Padhi P, Thedens DR, Li G, Gilbreath E, Rumbeiha WK. Transcriptomic profile analysis of brain inferior colliculus following acute hydrogen sulfide exposure. Toxicology 2020; 430:152345. [PMID: 31843631 PMCID: PMC8324331 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous molecule found naturally in the environment, and as an industrial byproduct, and is known to cause acute death and induces long-term neurological disorders following acute high dose exposures. Currently, there is no drug approved for treatment of acute H2S-induced neurotoxicity and/or neurological sequelae. Lack of a deep understanding of pathogenesis of H2S-induced neurotoxicity has delayed the development of appropriate therapeutic drugs that target H2S-induced neuropathology. RNA sequencing analysis was performed to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of H2S-induced neurodegeneration, and to identify key molecular elements and pathways that contribute to H2S-induced neurotoxicity. C57BL/6J mice were exposed by whole body inhalation to 700 ppm of H2S for either one day, two consecutive days or 4 consecutive days. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan analyses showed H2S exposure induced lesions in the inferior colliculus (IC) and thalamus (TH). This mechanistic study focused on the IC. RNA Sequencing analysis revealed that mice exposed once, twice, or 4 times had 283, 193 and 296 differentially expressed genes (DEG), respectively (q-value < 0.05, fold-change> 1.5). Hydrogen sulfide exposure modulated multiple biological pathways including unfolded protein response, neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, hypoxia, calcium signaling, and inflammatory response in the IC. Hydrogen sulfide exposure activated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were shown to be potential initiators of the modulated signaling pathways following H2S exposure. Furthermore, microglia were shown to release IL-18 and astrocytes released both IL-1β and IL-18 in response to H2S. This transcriptomic analysis data revealed complex signaling pathways involved in H2S-induced neurotoxicity and may provide important associated mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Suk Kim
- VDPAM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Poojya Anantharam
- VDPAM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Piyush Padhi
- VDPAM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Daniel R Thedens
- Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ganwu Li
- VDPAM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ebony Gilbreath
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, United States
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7
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Haouzi P, Sonobe T, Judenherc-Haouzi A. Hydrogen sulfide intoxication induced brain injury and methylene blue. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 133:104474. [PMID: 31103557 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) remains a chemical hazard in the gas and farming industry. It is easy to manufacture from common chemicals and thus represents a potential threat for the civilian population. It is also employed as a method of suicide, for which incidence has recently increased in the US. H2S is a mitochondrial poison and exerts its toxicity through mechanisms that are thought to result from its high affinity to various metallo-proteins (such as - but not exclusively- the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase) and interactions with cysteine residues of proteins. Ion channels with critical implications for the cardiac and the brain functions appear to be affected very early during and following H2S exposure, an effect which is rapidly reversible during a light intoxication. However, during severe H2S intoxication, a coma, associated with a reduction in cardiac contractility, develops within minutes or even seconds leading to death by complete electro-mechanical dissociation of the heart. If the level of intoxication is milder, a rapid and spontaneous recovery of the coma occurs as soon as the exposure stops. The risk, although probably very small, of developing long-term debilitating motor or cognitive deficits is present. One of the major challenges impeding our effort to offer an effective treatment against H2S intoxication after exposure is that the pool of free/soluble H2S almost immediately disappears from the body preventing agents trapping free H2S (cobalt or ferric compounds) to play their protective role. This paper (1) presents and discusses the neurological symptoms and lesions observed in various animals models and in humans following an acute exposure to sub-lethal or lethal levels of H2S, (2) reviews the potential interest of methylene blue (MB), a potent cyclic redox dye - currently used for the treatment of methemoglobinemia - which has potential rescuing effects on the mitochondrial activity, as an antidote against sulfide intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Haouzi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Takashi Sonobe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Annick Judenherc-Haouzi
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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8
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Yang X, Wang C, Zhang X, Chen S, Chen L, Lu S, Lu S, Yan X, Xiong K, Liu F, Yan J. Redox regulation in hydrogen sulfide action: From neurotoxicity to neuroprotection. Neurochem Int 2019; 128:58-69. [PMID: 31015021 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Forensic Science,Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Chudong Wang
- Department of Forensic Science,Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Narcotics Division, Municipal Security Bureau, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Forensic Science,Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Liangpei Chen
- Department of Forensic Science,Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Department of Forensic Science,Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China; Histology and Embryology,Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- Department of Forensic Science,Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China; Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xisheng Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Fengxia Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830001, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Forensic Science,Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China; Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830001, China.
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9
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Heldal KK, Austigard ÅD, Svendsen KH, Einarsdottir E, Goffeng LO, Sikkeland LI, Nordby KC. Endotoxin and Hydrogen Sulphide Exposure and Effects on the Airways Among Waste Water Workers in Sewage Treatment Plants and Sewer Net System. Ann Work Expo Health 2019; 63:437-447. [DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kari K Heldal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åse D Austigard
- Municipality of Trondheim, Working Environment Office, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristin H Svendsen
- Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elin Einarsdottir
- Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Ole Goffeng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liv Ingun Sikkeland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl-Christian Nordby
- Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Haouzi P, Tubbs N, Cheung J, Judenherc-Haouzi A. Methylene Blue Administration During and After Life-Threatening Intoxication by Hydrogen Sulfide: Efficacy Studies in Adult Sheep and Mechanisms of Action. Toxicol Sci 2019; 168:443-459. [PMID: 30590764 PMCID: PMC6516679 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to toxic levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) produces an acute cardiac depression that can be rapidly fatal. We sought to characterize the time course of the cardiac effects produced by the toxicity of H2S in sheep, a human sized mammal, and to describe the in vivo and in vitro antidotal properties of methylene blue (MB), which has shown efficacy in sulfide intoxicated rats. Infusing NaHS (720 mg) in anesthetized adult sheep produced a rapid dilation of the left ventricular with a decrease in contractility, which was lethal within about 10 min by pulseless electrical activity. MB (7 mg/kg), administered during sulfide exposure, maintained cardiac contractility and allowed all of the treated animals to recover. At a dose of 350 mg NaHS, we were able to produce an intoxication, which led to a persistent decrease in ventricular function for at least 1 h in nontreated animals. Administration of MB, 3 or 30 min after the end of exposure, whereas all free H2S had already vanished, restored cardiac contractility and the pyruvate/lactate (P/L) ratio. We found that MB exerts its antidotal effects through at least 4 different mechanisms: (1) a direct oxidation of free sulfide; (2) an increase in the pool of "trapped" H2S in red cells; (3) a restoration of the mitochondrial substrate-level phosphorylation; and (4) a rescue of the mitochondrial electron chain. In conclusion, H2S intoxication produces acute and long persisting alteration in cardiac function in large mammals even after all free H2S has vanished. MB exerts its antidotal effects against life-threatening sulfide intoxication via multifarious properties, some of them unrelated to any direct interaction with free H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Haouzi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicole Tubbs
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Cheung
- Center of Translational Medicine
- Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Annick Judenherc-Haouzi
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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11
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Immunomodulatory Effects of Glutathione, Garlic Derivatives, and Hydrogen Sulfide. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020295. [PMID: 30704060 PMCID: PMC6412746 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione and aged garlic extract are sulfur-containing products that play important protective and regulatory roles within the immune system and in oxidative processes. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous, gaseous, signaling transmitter, has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of inflammation. Recent studies have shown that sulfur-containing compounds from garlic have beneficial effects in attenuating outcomes associated with cardiovascular disease and inflammation by a mechanism that may be related to the H2S signaling pathway. In this review, we summarize the main functions of glutathione (GSH), garlic derivatives and H2S and their role in the immune response and impact on health and disease.
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12
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Abstract
This review addresses the adverse influences of neurotoxic exposures on the ability to smell and taste. These chemical senses largely determine the flavor of foods and beverages, impact food intake, and ultimately nutrition, and provide a warning for spoiled or poisonous food, leaking natural gas, smoke, airborne pollutants, and other hazards. Hence, toxicants that damage these senses have a significant impact on everyday function. As noted in detail, a large number of toxicants encountered in urban and industrial air pollution, including smoke, solvents, metals, and particulate matter can alter the ability to smell. Their influence on taste, i.e., sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and savory (umami) sensations, is not well documented. Given the rather direct exposure of olfactory receptors to the outside environment, olfaction is particularly vulnerable to damage from toxicants. Some toxicants, such as nanoparticles, have the potential to damage not only the olfactory receptor cells, but also the central nervous system structures by their entrance into the brain through the olfactory mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Genter
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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13
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Kim DS, Anantharam P, Hoffmann A, Meade ML, Grobe N, Gearhart JM, Whitley EM, Mahama B, Rumbeiha WK. Broad spectrum proteomics analysis of the inferior colliculus following acute hydrogen sulfide exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 355:28-42. [PMID: 29932956 PMCID: PMC6422160 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute exposure to high concentrations of H2S causes severe brain injury and long-term neurological disorders, but the mechanisms involved are not known. To better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in acute H2S-induced neurodegeneration we used a broad-spectrum proteomic analysis approach to identify key molecules and molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of acute H2S-induced neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. Mice were subjected to acute inhalation exposure of up to750 ppm of H2S. H2S induced behavioral deficits and severe lesions including hemorrhage in the inferior colliculus (IC). The IC was microdissected for proteomic analysis. Tandem mass tags (TMT) liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based quantitative proteomics was applied for protein identification and quantitation. LC-MS/MS identified 598, 562, and 546 altered proteomic changes at 2 h, and on days 2 and 4 post-H2S exposure, respectively. Of these, 77 proteomic changes were statistically significant at any of the 3 time points. Mass spectrometry data were subjected to Perseus 1.5.5.3 statistical analysis, and gene ontology heat map clustering. Expressions of several key molecules were verified to confirm H2S-dependent proteomics changes. Webgestalt pathway overrepresentation enrichment analysis with Panther engine revealed H2S exposure disrupted several biological processes including metabotropic glutamate receptor group 1 and inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathways among others. Further analysis showed that energy metabolism, integrity of blood-brain barrier, hypoxic, and oxidative stress signaling pathways were also implicated. Collectively, this broad-spectrum proteomics data has provided important clues to follow up in future studies to further elucidate mechanisms of H2S-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Suk Kim
- Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Poojya Anantharam
- Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Henry M Jackson Foundation on contract 711HPW/USAFSAM/FHOF, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA
| | | | - Nadja Grobe
- 711HPW/RHDJ, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Jeffery M Gearhart
- Henry M Jackson Foundation on contract 711HPW/USAFSAM/FHOF, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA
| | | | - Belinda Mahama
- Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Wilson K Rumbeiha
- Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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14
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Austigard ÅD, Svendsen K, Heldal KK. Hydrogen sulphide exposure in waste water treatment. J Occup Med Toxicol 2018; 13:10. [PMID: 29507599 PMCID: PMC5831676 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-018-0191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aims of this study was to assess exposure to hydrogen sulphide (H2S) among waste water treatment workers (WWWs), and achieve a better measure of the risks of H2S exposure than only using the eight-hour average value and the ceiling value because the exposure pattern of H2S for WWWs is dominated by short-term peaks. Methods Ninety-three measurements of H2S from 56 WWWs in three cities and three rural areas were collected. All exposure measurements were carried out from the start of the day until lunch time (sampling time 4–5 h) when most of the practical work was performed. The type of tasks and extent of flushing were registered. H2S was measured using direct-reading instruments with logging: OdaLog L2/LL, Dräger X-am 5000 and Dräger Pac 7000 (0.1–200 ppm). Number and duration of peaks for different work tasks, seasons, places and extent of flushing were combined in an exposure index (IN), and evaluated in a mixed-model analysis, building a model aimed to predict exposure for different job tasks. Results Nine Percent (8 of 93) of all H2S measurements have peaks above 10 ppm; in addition, 15% (14 of 93) have peaks of 5–10 ppm, 35% (33 of 93) have peaks of 1–5 ppm and 65% (62 of 93) have peaks of 0.1–1 ppm. 29% of the measurements of hydrogen sulphide showed no registered level > 0.1 ppm. From the mixed-model analyses we see that exposure level, expressed as H2S index IN, varied between places, work type, season and degree of flushing. For the work in a plant in the capital, the exposure index varied from 0.02 for working in spring doing some flushing, to 0.7 for working at the same plant in winter doing flushing more than three times or more than 10 min. Collecting sewage from cesspools in city 2 in winter doing a lot of flushing gave a hydrogen sulphide index of 230. Conclusions The use of a H2S index, taking into consideration peak height, duration and number of peaks, could be a tool for exposure assessment for H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristin Svendsen
- 2Institute of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Alfred Getz vei 3, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kari K Heldal
- 3The National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Anantharam P, Kim DS, Whitley EM, Mahama B, Imerman P, Padhi P, Rumbeiha WK. Midazolam Efficacy Against Acute Hydrogen Sulfide-Induced Mortality and Neurotoxicity. J Med Toxicol 2018; 14:79-90. [PMID: 29318511 PMCID: PMC6013736 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-017-0650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a colorless, highly neurotoxic gas. It is not only an occupational and environmental hazard but also of concern to the Department of Homeland Security for potential nefarious use. Acute high-dose H2S exposure causes death, while survivors may develop neurological sequelae. Currently, there is no suitable antidote for treatment of acute H2S-induced neurotoxicity. Midazolam (MDZ), an anti-convulsant drug recommended for treatment of nerve agent intoxications, could also be of value in treating acute H2S intoxication. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that MDZ is effective in preventing/treating acute H2S-induced neurotoxicity. This proof-of-concept study had two objectives: to determine whether MDZ prevents/reduces H2S-induced mortality and to test whether MDZ prevents H2S-induced neurological sequelae. MDZ (4 mg/kg) was administered IM in mice, 5 min pre-exposure to a high concentration of H2S at 1000 ppm or 12 min post-exposure to 1000 ppm H2S followed by 30 min of continuous exposure. A separate experiment tested whether MDZ pre-treatment prevented neurological sequelae. Endpoints monitored included assessment of clinical signs, mortality, behavioral changes, and brain histopathological changes. MDZ significantly reduced H2S-induced lethality, seizures, knockdown, and behavioral deficits (p < 0.01). MDZ also significantly prevented H2S-induced neurological sequelae, including weight loss, behavior deficits, neuroinflammation, and histopathologic lesions (p < 0.01). Overall, our findings show that MDZ is a promising drug for reducing H2S-induced acute mortality, neurotoxicity, and neurological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poojya Anantharam
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Animal Production Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Dong-Suk Kim
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Animal Production Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Belinda Mahama
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Animal Production Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Paula Imerman
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Animal Production Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Piyush Padhi
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Animal Production Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Wilson K Rumbeiha
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Animal Production Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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16
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Anantharam P, Whitley EM, Mahama B, Kim DS, Sarkar S, Santana C, Chan A, Kanthasamy AG, Kanthasamy A, Boss GR, Rumbeiha WK. Cobinamide is effective for treatment of hydrogen sulfide-induced neurological sequelae in a mouse model. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1408:61-78. [PMID: 29239480 PMCID: PMC5734662 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a highly neurotoxic gas. Acute exposure can lead to neurological sequelae among survivors. A drug for treating neurological sequelae in survivors of acute H2 S intoxication is needed. Using a novel mouse model we evaluated the efficacy of cobinamide (Cob) for increasing survival of, and reducing neurological sequalae in, mice exposed to sublethal doses of H2 S. There were two objectives: (1) to determine the dose-response efficacy of Cob and (2) to determine the effective therapeutic time window of Cob. To explore objective 1, mice were injected intramuscularly with Cob at 0, 50, or 100 mg/kg at 2 min after H2 S exposure. For objective 2, mice were injected intramuscularly with 100 mg/kg Cob at 2, 15, and 30 min after H2 S exposure. For both objectives, mice were exposed to 765 ppm of H2 S gas. Cob significantly reduced H2 S-induced lethality in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Cob-treated mice exhibited significantly fewer seizures and knockdowns compared with the H2 S-exposed group. Cob also reversed H2 S-induced weight loss, behavioral deficits, neurochemical changes, cytochrome c oxidase enzyme inhibition, and neurodegeneration in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.01). Overall, these findings show that Cob increases survival and is neuroprotective in a mouse model of H2 S-induced neurological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poojya Anantharam
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | | | - Belinda Mahama
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Dong-Suk Kim
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Souvarish Sarkar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Cristina Santana
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Adriano Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | | | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Gerry R. Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Wilson K. Rumbeiha
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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17
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Imamura F, Cooper TK, Hasegawa-Ishii S, Sonobe T, Haouzi P. Hydrogen Sulfide Specifically Alters NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) Olfactory Neurons in the Rat. Neuroscience 2017; 366:105-112. [PMID: 29054567 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The regions of the olfactory epithelium affected by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) toxicity in the rat present a striking similarity with the developmental olfactory zone 1 described in the mouse. This zone which is the only region containing neurons expressing NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) is involved in complex behavioral responses in rodents, and other mammals, triggered by specific olfactory stimuli. We therefore sought to determine whether (1) olfactory neurons expressing NQO1 are located in the same regions in the rats and in the mice and (2) there is an overlap between olfactory neurons expressing this protein and those affected by the toxicity of H2S. Rats were exposed to H2S - 200 ppm during 3 h, three consecutive days- and displayed symmetric acute segmental necrosis of the neurons and sustentacular cells of the olfactory epithelium in the dorsomedial nasal cavity. We found that expression of NQO1 in Sprague-Dawley rats spatially recapitulated that of the mouse. The degree of agreement or overlap between these two populations of neurons (necrosis vs. NQO1 expression) reached 80.2%. Although the underlying mechanisms accounted for the high sensitivity for NQO1 neurons -or the relative protection of non NQO1 neurons- to sulfide toxicity remain to be established, this observation is offering an intriguing approach that could be used to acutely suppress the pool of neural cells in olfactory zone I and to understand the mechanisms of toxicity and protection of other populations of neurons exposed to sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Imamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sanae Hasegawa-Ishii
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Takashi Sonobe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Philippe Haouzi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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18
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Anantharam P, Whitley EM, Mahama B, Kim DS, Imerman PM, Shao D, Langley MR, Kanthasamy A, Rumbeiha WK. Characterizing a mouse model for evaluation of countermeasures against hydrogen sulfide-induced neurotoxicity and neurological sequelae. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1400:46-64. [PMID: 28719733 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a highly neurotoxic gas. It is the second most common cause of gas-induced deaths. Beyond mortality, surviving victims of acute exposure may suffer long-term neurological sequelae. There is a need to develop countermeasures against H2 S poisoning. However, no translational animal model of H2 S-induced neurological sequelae exists. Here, we describe a novel mouse model of H2 S-induced neurotoxicity for translational research. In paradigm I, C57/BL6 mice were exposed to 765 ppm H2 S for 40 min on day 1, followed by 15-min daily exposures for periods ranging from 1 to 6 days. In paradigm II, mice were exposed once to 1000 ppm H2 S for 60 minutes. Mice were assessed for behavioral, neurochemical, biochemical, and histopathological changes. H2 S intoxication caused seizures, dyspnea, respiratory depression, knockdowns, and death. H2 S-exposed mice showed significant impairment in locomotor and coordinated motor movement activity compared with controls. Histopathology revealed neurodegenerative lesions in the collicular, thalamic, and cortical brain regions. H2 S significantly increased dopamine and serotonin concentration in several brain regions and caused time-dependent decreases in GABA and glutamate concentrations. Furthermore, H2 S significantly suppressed cytochrome c oxidase activity and caused significant loss in body weight. Overall, male mice were more sensitive than females. This novel translational mouse model of H2 S-induced neurotoxicity is reliable, reproducible, and recapitulates acute H2 S poisoning in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poojya Anantharam
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Animal Production Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | | | - Belinda Mahama
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Animal Production Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Dong-Suk Kim
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Animal Production Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Paula M Imerman
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Animal Production Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Dahai Shao
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Animal Production Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Monica R Langley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Wilson K Rumbeiha
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Animal Production Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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19
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Sonobe T, Haouzi P. Sulfide Intoxication-Induced Circulatory Failure is Mediated by a Depression in Cardiac Contractility. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2016; 16:67-78. [PMID: 25616319 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-015-9309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) intoxication produces a rapid cardio-circulatory failure leading to cardiac arrest. In non-lethal forms of sulfide exposure, the presence of a circulatory shock is associated with long-term neurological sequelae. Our aim was to clarify the mechanisms of H2S-induced circulatory failure. In anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated rats, cardiac output, arterial pressure and ventricular pressures were determined while NaHS was infused to increase arterial concentration of soluble H2S (CgH2S) from undetectable to levels leading to circulatory failure. Compared to control/saline infusion, blood pressure started to decrease significantly along with a modest drop in peripheral vascular resistance (-19 ± 5%, P < 0.01), when CgH2S reached about 1 μM. As CgH2S exceeded 2-3 μM, parameters of ventricular contractility diminished with no further reduction in peripheral resistance. Whenever H2S exposure was maintained at a higher level (CgH2S over 7 μM), a severe depression of cardiac contractility was observed, leading to asystole within minutes, but with no evidence of peripheral vasoplegia. The immediate and long-term neurological effects of specifically counteracting sulfide-induced cardiac contractility depression following H2S exposure remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sonobe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, H041, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Philippe Haouzi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, H041, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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20
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Rumbeiha W, Whitley E, Anantharam P, Kim DS, Kanthasamy A. Acute hydrogen sulfide-induced neuropathology and neurological sequelae: challenges for translational neuroprotective research. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1378:5-16. [PMID: 27442775 PMCID: PMC5063677 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), the gas with the odor of rotten eggs, was formally discovered in 1777, over 239 years ago. For many years, it was considered an environmental pollutant and a health concern only in occupational settings. Recently, however, it was discovered that H2 S is produced endogenously and plays critical physiological roles as a gasotransmitter. Although at low physiological concentrations it is physiologically beneficial, exposure to high concentrations of H2 S is known to cause brain damage, leading to neurodegeneration and long-term neurological sequelae or death. Neurological sequelae include motor, behavioral, and cognitive deficits, which are incapacitating. Currently, there are concerns about accidental or malicious acute mass civilian exposure to H2 S. There is a major unmet need for an ideal neuroprotective treatment, for use in the field, in the event of mass civilian exposure to high H2 S concentrations. This review focuses on the neuropathology of high acute H2 S exposure, knowledge gaps, and the challenges associated with development of effective neuroprotective therapy to counteract H2 S-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Rumbeiha
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.
| | | | - Poojya Anantharam
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Dong-Suk Kim
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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21
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Haouzi P, Sonobe T, Judenherc-Haouzi A. Developing effective countermeasures against acute hydrogen sulfide intoxication: challenges and limitations. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1374:29-40. [PMID: 26945701 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a chemical hazard in the gas and farming industry. As it is easy to manufacture from common chemicals, it has also become a method of suicide. H2 S exerts its toxicity through its high affinity with metalloproteins, such as cytochrome c oxidase and possibly via its interactions with cysteine residues of various proteins. The latter was recently proposed to acutely alter ion channels with critical implications for cardiac and brain functions. Indeed, during severe H2 S intoxication, a coma, associated with a reduction in cardiac contractility, develops within minutes or even seconds leading to death by complete electromechanical dissociation of the heart. In addition, long-term neurological deficits can develop owing to the direct toxicity of H2 S on neurons combined with the consequences of a prolonged apnea and circulatory failure. Here, we review the challenges impeding efforts to offer an effective treatment against H2 S intoxication using agents that trap free H2 S, and present novel pharmacological approaches aimed at correcting some of the most harmful consequences of H2 S intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Haouzi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Takashi Sonobe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Annick Judenherc-Haouzi
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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22
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Jiang J, Chan A, Ali S, Saha A, Haushalter KJ, Lam WLM, Glasheen M, Parker J, Brenner M, Mahon SB, Patel HH, Ambasudhan R, Lipton SA, Pilz RB, Boss GR. Hydrogen Sulfide--Mechanisms of Toxicity and Development of an Antidote. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20831. [PMID: 26877209 PMCID: PMC4753484 DOI: 10.1038/srep20831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is a highly toxic gas—second only to carbon monoxide as a cause of inhalational deaths. Its mechanism of toxicity is only partially known, and no specific therapy exists for sulfide poisoning. We show in several cell types, including human inducible pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons, that sulfide inhibited complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and induced apoptosis. Sulfide increased hydroxyl radical production in isolated mouse heart mitochondria and F2-isoprostanes in brains and hearts of mice. The vitamin B12 analog cobinamide reversed the cellular toxicity of sulfide, and rescued Drosophila melanogaster and mice from lethal exposures of hydrogen sulfide gas. Cobinamide worked through two distinct mechanisms: direct reversal of complex IV inhibition and neutralization of sulfide-generated reactive oxygen species. We conclude that sulfide produces a high degree of oxidative stress in cells and tissues, and that cobinamide has promise as a first specific treatment for sulfide poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Adriano Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sameh Ali
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Helmy Institute of Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Arindam Saha
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kristofer J Haushalter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wai-Ling Macrina Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Megan Glasheen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James Parker
- Neurodegenerative Disease Center, The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Matthew Brenner
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sari B Mahon
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hemal H Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Rajesh Ambasudhan
- Neurodegenerative Disease Center, The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Neurodegenerative Disease Center, The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Renate B Pilz
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gerry R Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Kupczewska-Dobecka M, Czerczak S, Gromiec JP, Konieczko K. Assessment of Potential Health Hazards During Emission of Hydrogen Sulphide from the Mine Exploiting Copper Ore Deposit - Case Study. Cent Eur J Public Health 2016; 23:161-5. [PMID: 26851428 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine hydrogen sulphide concentration emitted from the mine extracting copper ore, to evaluate potential adverse health effects to the population living in four selected villages surrounding the exhaust shaft. MATERIALS Maximum measured concentration of hydrogen sulphide in the emitter is 286 µg/m³. Maximum emission calculated from the results of determinations of concentrations in the emitter is 0.44 kg/h. RESULTS In selected villages hydrogen sulphide at concentrations exceeding 4 µg/m³ was not detected in any of the 5-hour air samples. In all locations, the estimated maximum 1-hour concentrations of hydrogen sulphide were below 1 µg/m³, and the estimated mean annual concentrations were below 0.53 µg/m³. CONCLUSION Any risk to the health of people in the selected area is not expected. As indicated by the available data on the threshold odour, the estimated concentrations of hydrogen sulphide may be sensed by humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sławomir Czerczak
- Department of Chemical Safety, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jan P Gromiec
- Department of Chemical Safety, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Konieczko
- Department of Chemical Safety, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
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24
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Sonobe T, Chenuel B, Cooper TK, Haouzi P. Immediate and Long-Term Outcome of Acute H2S Intoxication Induced Coma in Unanesthetized Rats: Effects of Methylene Blue. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131340. [PMID: 26115032 PMCID: PMC4482667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute hydrogen sulfide (H2S) poisoning produces a coma, the outcome of which ranges from full recovery to severe neurological deficits. The aim of our study was to 1--describe the immediate and long-term neurological effects following H2S-induced coma in un-anesthetized rats, and 2--determine the potential benefit of methylene blue (MB), a compound we previously found to counteract acute sulfide cardiac toxicity. METHODS NaHS was administered IP in un-sedated rats to produce a coma (n = 34). One minute into coma, the rats received MB (4 mg/kg i.v.) or saline. The surviving rats were followed clinically and assigned to Morris water maze (MWM) and open field testing then sacrificed at day 7. RESULTS Sixty percent of the non-treated comatose rats died by pulseless electrical activity. Nine percent recovered with neurological deficits requiring euthanasia, their brain examination revealed major neuronal necrosis of the superficial and middle layers of the cerebral cortex and the posterior thalamus, with variable necrosis of the caudate putamen, but no lesions of the hippocampus or the cerebellum, in contrast to the typical distribution of post-ischemic lesions. The remaining animals displayed, on average, a significantly less effective search strategy than the control rats (n = 21) during MWM testing. Meanwhile, 75% of rats that received MB survived and could perform the MWM test (P<0.05 vs non-treated animals). The treated animals displayed a significantly higher occurrence of spatial search than the non-treated animals. However, a similar proportion of cortical necrosis was observed in both groups, with a milder clinical presentation following MB. CONCLUSION In conclusion, in rats surviving H2S induced coma, spatial search patterns were used less frequently than in control animals. A small percentage of rats presented necrotic neuronal lesions, which distribution differed from post-ischemic lesions. MB dramatically improved the immediate survival and spatial search strategy in the surviving rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sonobe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Bruno Chenuel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Timothy K. Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Philippe Haouzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Belley R, Bernard N, Côté M, Paquet F, Poitras J. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of two cases of hydrogen sulfide toxicity from liquid manure. CAN J EMERG MED 2015; 7:257-61. [PMID: 17355683 DOI: 10.1017/s1481803500014408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTHydrogen sulfide is a potent lethal gas. Supportive care, nitrite therapy and hyperbaric oxygen are the treatment modalities reported in the literature in cases of hydrogen sulfide exposure. We describe an industrial exposure in which 6 workers inhaled high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide when they entered a closed spreader tank partially filled with liquid swine manure. Five of the 6 lost consciousness, and 2 were agitated and poorly responsive on arrival to the emergency department despite having already received high-flow oxygen for nearly 1 hour. These 2 patients received nitrite therapy followed by orotracheal intubation and hyperbaric oxygen. All patients were discharged home without sequelae after short stays in hospital. The emergency management of hydrogen sulfide exposure is briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Belley
- Hyperbaric Medicine Service, Emergency Department, Hôtel Dieu de Lévis, Centre Hospitalier Affilié à l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Haouzi P, Chenuel B, Sonobe T. High-dose hydroxocobalamin administered after H2S exposure counteracts sulfide-poisoning-induced cardiac depression in sheep. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2015; 53:28-36. [PMID: 25546714 DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2014.990976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Severe H2S poisoning leads to death by rapid respiratory and cardiac arrest, the latter can occur within seconds or minutes in severe forms of intoxication. OBJECTIVES To determine the time course and the nature of H2S-induced cardiac arrest and the effects of high-dose hydroxocobalamin administered after the end of sulfide exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS NaHS was infused in 16 sedated mechanically ventilated sheep to reach concentrations of H2S in the blood, which was previously found to lead to cardiac arrest within minutes following the cessation of H2S exposure. High-dose hydroxocobalamin (5 g) or saline solution was administered intravenously, 1 min after the cessation of NaHS infusion. RESULTS All animals were still alive at the cessation of H2S exposure. Three animals (18%) presented a cardiac arrest within 90 s and were unable to receive any antidote or vehicle. In the animals that survived long enough to receive either hydroxocobalamin or saline, 71% (5/7) died in the control group by cardiac arrest within 10 min. In all instances, cardiac arrest was the result of a pulseless electrical activity (PEA). In the group that received the antidote, intravenous injection of 5 g of hydroxocobalamin provoked an abrupt increase in blood pressure and blood flow; PEA was prevented in all instances. However, we could not find any evidence for a recovery in oxidative metabolism in the group receiving hydroxocobalamin, as blood lactate remained elevated and even continued to rise after 1 h, despite restored hemodynamics. This, along with an unaltered recovery of H2S kinetics, suggests that hydroxocobalamin did not act through a mechanism of H2S trapping. CONCLUSION In this sheep model, there was a high risk for cardiac arrest, by PEA, persisting up to 10 min after H2S exposure. Very high dose of hydroxocobalamin (5 g), injected very early after the cessation of H2S exposure, improved cardiac contractility and prevented PEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Haouzi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, PA , USA
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Chenuel B, Sonobe T, Haouzi P. Effects of infusion of human methemoglobin solution following hydrogen sulfide poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2015; 53:93-101. [PMID: 25634666 DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2014.996570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE We have recently reported that infusion of a solution containing methemoglobin (MetHb) during exposure to hydrogen sulfide results in a rapid and large decrease in the concentration of the pool of soluble/diffusible H2S in the blood. However, since the pool of dissolved H2S disappears very quickly after H2S exposure, it is unclear if the ability of MetHb to "trap" sulfide in the blood has any clinical interest and relevance in the treatment of sulfide poisoning. METHODS In anesthetized rats, repetition of short bouts of high level of H2S infusions was applied to allow the rapid development of an oxygen deficit. A solution containing MetHb (600 mg/kg) or its vehicle was administered 1 min and a half after the end of H2S intoxication. RESULTS The injection of MetHb solution increased methemoglobinemia to about 6%, almost instantly, but was unable to affect the blood concentration of soluble H2S, which had already vanished at the time of infusion, or to increase combined H2S. In addition, H2S-induced O2 deficit and lactate production as well as the recovery of carotid blood flow and blood pressure were similar in treated and control animals. CONCLUSION Our results do not support the view that administration of MetHb or drugs-induced methemoglobinemia during the recovery phase following severe H2S intoxication in sedated rats can restore cellular oxidative metabolism, as the pool of diffusible sulfide, accessible to MetHb, disappears rapidly from the blood after H2S exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chenuel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, PA , USA
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Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a hazard primarily in the oil and gas industry, agriculture, sewage and animal waste handling, construction (asphalt operations and disturbing marshy terrain), and other settings where organic material decomposes under reducing conditions, and in geothermal operations. It is an insoluble gas, heavier than air, with a very low odor threshold and high toxicity, driven by concentration more than duration of exposure. Toxicity presents in a unique, reliable, and characteristic toxidrome consisting, in ascending order of exposure, of mucosal irritation, especially of the eye ("gas eye"), olfactory paralysis (not to be confused with olfactory fatigue), sudden but reversible loss of consciousness ("knockdown"), pulmonary edema (with an unusually favorable prognosis), and death (probably with apnea contributing). The risk of chronic neurcognitive changes is controversial, with the best evidence at high exposure levels and after knockdowns, which are frequently accompanied by head injury or oxygen deprivation. Treatment cannot be initiated promptly in the prehospital phase, and currently rests primarily on supportive care, hyperbaric oxygen, and nitrite administration. The mechanism of action for sublethal neurotoxicity and knockdown is clearly not inhibition of cytochrome oxidase c, as generally assumed, although this may play a role in overwhelming exposures. High levels of endogenous sulfide are found in the brain, presumably relating to the function of hydrogen sulfide as a gaseous neurotransmitter and immunomodulator. Prevention requires control of exposure and rigorous training to stop doomed rescue attempts attempted without self-contained breathing apparatus, especially in confined spaces, and in sudden release in the oil and gas sector, which result in multiple avoidable deaths.
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Doty RL. Neurotoxic exposure and impairment of the chemical senses of taste and smell. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2015; 131:299-324. [PMID: 26563795 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62627-1.00016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The chemical senses of taste and smell determine the flavor of foods and beverages, guide appropriate food intake, and warn of such environmental hazards as spoiled or poisonous food, leaking natural gas, smoke, and airborne pollutants. This chapter addresses the influences of neurotoxic exposures on human chemoreception and provides basic information on the adverse influences of such exposures on rodent epithelia. The focus of the chapter is in olfaction, given dearth of empiric research on the effects of neurotoxic chemical exposures on the sense of taste, i.e., sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and savory sensations. As will be apparent from the chapter, numerous neurotoxins--many of which are encountered in industrial workplaces--alter the ability to smell, including solvents, metals, and particulate matter. The olfactory system is particularly vulnerable to such agents since its receptors are more or less directly exposed to the outside environment. Importantly, some such agents can enter the brain via the olfactory nerve or surrounding perineural spaces, bypassing the blood-brain barrier and damaging central nervous system structures and inducing pathologic processes that appear to be similar to those seen in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Haouzi P, Sonobe T, Torsell-Tubbs N, Prokopczyk B, Chenuel B, Klingerman CM. In vivo interactions between cobalt or ferric compounds and the pools of sulphide in the blood during and after H2S poisoning. Toxicol Sci 2014; 141:493-504. [PMID: 25015662 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), a chemical hazard in oil and gas production, has recently become a dreadful method of suicide, posing specific risks and challenges for the first responders. Currently, there is no proven effective treatment against H2S poisoning and its severe neurological, respiratory or cardiac after-effects. We have recently described that H2S is present in various compartments, or pools, in the body during sulphide exposure, which have different levels of toxicity. The general goals of our study were to (1) determine the concentrations and kinetics of the various pools of hydrogen sulphide in the blood, i.e., gaseous (CgH2S) versus total sulphide, i.e., reacting with monobromobimane (CMBBH2S), during and following H2S exposure in a small and large mammal and (2) establish the interaction between the pools of H2S and a methemoglobin (MetHb) solution or a high dose of hydroxocobalamin (HyCo). We found that CgH2S during and following H2S infusion was similar in sedated sheep and rats at any given rate of infusion/kg and provoked symptoms, i.e., hyperpnea and apnea, at the same CgH2S. After H2S administration was stopped, CgH2S disappeared within 1 min. CMBBH2S also dropped to 2-3μM, but remained above baseline levels for at least 30 min. Infusion of a MetHb solution during H2S infusion produced an immediate reduction in the free/soluble pool of H2S only, whereas CMBBH2S increased by severalfold. HyCo (70 mg/kg) also decreased the concentrations of free/soluble H2S to almost zero; CgH2S returned to pre-HyCo levels within a maximum of 20 min, if H2S infusion is maintained. These results are discussed in the context of a relevant scenario, wherein antidotes can only be administered after H2S exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Haouzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Takashi Sonobe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Nicole Torsell-Tubbs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Bogdan Prokopczyk
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Bruno Chenuel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Candice M Klingerman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 Department of Biological and Allied Health Sciences, Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, PA 17815
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Motta O, Cucciniello R, Scicali C, Proto A. A study on the applicability of zinc acetate impregnated silica substrate in the collection of hydrogen sulfide by active sampling. Talanta 2014; 128:268-72. [PMID: 25059159 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel substrate for the hydrogen sulfide determination in air was developed based on zinc acetate impregnated silica in glass tubes. Collected H2S is quantified by ion chromatography after sulfide oxidation to sulfate in an alkaline solution of H2O2. Laboratory tests were conducted in controlled atmosphere to evaluate uptake rate, linearity, sample stability, influence of relative humidity and interfering gases. A pilot study was also conducted in the field in order to assess the applicability of the substrate and to understand the effect that gases such NO2 and CH4 can have on the efficiency of collection of H2S. The new substrate has shown to have several advantages with respect to the charcoal substrate, that is the one of choice as reported by National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method. In particular it does not suffer from sulfur background and it is not influenced by interfering gases such as NO2 and CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Motta
- Department of Educational Philosophic and Human Science, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Raffaele Cucciniello
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Claudio Scicali
- Sicilian Laboratory of Analytical and Environmental Consulting, via Matilde Serao 15/A, 95037 San Giovanni La Punta (CT), Italy
| | - Antonio Proto
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
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Reed BR, Crane J, Garrett N, Woods DL, Bates MN. Chronic ambient hydrogen sulfide exposure and cognitive function. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2014; 42:68-76. [PMID: 24548790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposures to hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) have been inconclusively linked to a variety of negative cognitive outcomes. We investigated possible effects on cognitive function in an urban population with chronic, low-level exposure to H2S. METHODS Participants were 1637 adults, aged 18-65 years from Rotorua city, New Zealand, exposed to ambient H2S from geothermal sources. Exposures at homes and workplaces were estimated from data collected by summer and winter H2S monitoring networks across Rotorua in 2010/11. Metrics for H2S exposure at the time of participation and for exposure over the last 30 years were calculated. H2S exposure was modeled both as continuous variables and as quartiles of exposure covering the range of 0-64 ppb (0-88 μg/m(3)). Outcomes were neuropsychological tests measuring visual and verbal episodic memory, attention, fine motor skills, psychomotor speed and mood. Associations between cognition and measures of H2S exposure were investigated with multiple regression, while covarying demographics and factors known to be associated with cognitive performance. RESULTS The consistent finding was of no association between H2S exposure and cognition. Quartiles of H2S exposure had a small association with simple reaction time: higher exposures were associated with faster response times. Similarly, for digit symbol, higher H2S exposures tended to be marginally associated with better performance. CONCLUSION The results provide evidence that chronic H2S exposure, at the ambient levels found in and around Rotorua, is not associated with impairment of cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R Reed
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Center, Veterans Administration Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, USA
| | - Julian Crane
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nick Garrett
- Faculty of Health, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - David L Woods
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Human Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Veterans' Administration Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, USA
| | - Michael N Bates
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is an environmental toxicant and gaseous neurotransmitter. It is produced enterically by sulfur-reducing bacteria and invasive pathogens including Streptococcus anginosus group, Salmonella and Citrobacter. We describe putative focal hydrogen sulfide neurotoxicity after Streptococcus constellatus meningitis, treated with adjunctive sodium nitrite and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
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Intoxication aiguë à l’hydrogène sulfuré. MEDECINE INTENSIVE REANIMATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13546-012-0503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ventilatory and metabolic effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2012; 184:170-7. [PMID: 22579639 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Acute H(2)S intoxication produces an increase in ventilation followed by a fatal central apnea. The sites of mediation of H(2)S induced hyperpnea and apnea have been investigated since the early 20th century in various animal models. Hyperpnea is mediated by the arterial chemoreceptors, an effect that can be reproduced by injecting a solution of H(2)S at very high concentrations (high millimolar range), while the fatal apnea, which typically occurs above 1000 ppm in humans, appears to result from the cessation of the activity of the medullary respiratory neurons. More recently, moderate levels of exogenous H(2)S (20-80 ppm) have been shown to reduce, within minutes, the metabolic rate, akin to hypoxia-induced hypometabolism. This response appears to be specific to small sized mammals. The pathway through which low levels of inhaled H(2)S could exert such a powerful effect may be very relevant to the physiological mechanisms controlling non-ATP "metabolic" production. Finally, endogenous H(2)S, produced from cysteine, has been proposed to transduce the effects of hypoxia in the carotid bodies. H(2)S remains a mysterious gas: it is labile, difficult/impossible to properly measure in vivo, its oxidation can take place in most tissues including the blood, and it can affect multiple cellular pathways. The demarcation between effects reflecting a putative physiological function and those related to H(2)S poisoning remains however to be established.
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Human impairment from living near confined animal (hog) feeding operations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 2012:565690. [PMID: 22496706 PMCID: PMC3306954 DOI: 10.1155/2012/565690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Problem. To determine whether neighbors around manure lagoons and massive hog confinement buildings who complained of offensive odors and symptoms had impaired brain and lung functions. Method. We compared near hog manure neighbors of lagoons to people living beyond 3 kilometers in Ohio and to unexposed people controls in a nearby state for neurophysiological, cognitive, recall and memory functions, and pulmonary performance. Results. The 25 exposed subjects averaged 4.3 neurobehavioral abnormalities, significantly different from 2.5 for local controls and 2.3 for Tennessee controls. Exposed subjects mean forced vital capacity and expiratory volume in 1 sec were reduced significantly compared to local and regional controls. Conclusions. Near neighbors of hog enclosures and manure lagoon gases had impaired neurobehavioral functions and pulmonary functions and these effects extended to nearby people thought to be controls. Hydrogen sulfide must be abated because people living near lagoons cannot avoid rotten egg gas.
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Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is a relatively common, frequently lethal, and unique occupational hazard for which research since 1990 has uncovered many anomalies and subtleties and a previously unsuspected physiological role for the endogenous agent. The result has been uncertainty and misunderstanding, particularly for persons new to the literature. This review addresses evidence that settles past controversies, guides practical issues in evaluating human toxicity, addresses unresolved issues involving chronic exposure, and points the way to a deeper understanding of the agent and its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tee L. Guidotti
- Tee L. Guidotti, Medical Advisory Services, PO Box 7479, Gaithersburg, MD 20898, USA
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Kilburn KH, Thrasher JD, Gray MR. Low-level hydrogen sulfide and central nervous system dysfunction. Toxicol Ind Health 2010; 26:387-405. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233710369126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Forty-nine adults living in Lovington, Tatum, and Artesia, the sour gas/oil sector of Southeastern New Mexico, were tested for neurobehavioral impairment. Contributing hydrogen sulfide were (1) an anaerobic sewage plant; (2) two oil refineries; (3) natural gas/oil wells and (4) a cheese-manufacturing plant and its waste lagoons. Comparisons were to unexposed Wickenburg, Arizona, adults. Neurobehavioral functions were measured in 26 Lovington adults including 23 people from Tatum and Artesia, New Mexico, and 42 unexposed Arizona people. Participants completed questionnaires including chemical exposures, symptom frequencies and the Profile of Mood States. Measurements included balance, reaction time, color discrimination, blink reflex, visual fields, grip strength, hearing, vibration, problem solving, verbal recall, long-term memory, peg placement, trail making and fingertip number writing errors (FTNWE). Average numbers of abnormalities and test scores were adjusted for age, gender, educational level, height and weight, expressed as percent predicted (% pred) and compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Ages and educational attainment of the three groups were not statistically significantly different (ssd). Mean values of Lovington residents were ssd from the unexposed Arizona people for simple and choice reaction times, balance with eyes open and closed, visual field score, hearing and grip strength. Culture Fair, digit symbol substitution, vocabulary, verbal recall, peg placement, trail making A and B, FTNWE, information, picture completion and similarities were also ssd. The Lovington adults who averaged 11.8 abnormalities were ssd from, Tatum—Artesia adults who had 3.6 and from unexposed subjects with 2.0. Multiple source community hydrogen sulfide exposures impaired neurobehavioral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaye H Kilburn
- Neuro-test Inc., University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Laboratory for Environmental Sciences, ret., California, USA,
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Défaillance cardiaque et neurologique secondaire à une intoxication accidentelle par l’hydrogène sulfuré : à propos d’un cas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 29:304-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2010.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Marshall T, Dorman D, Gardner D, Adeshina F. Provisional Advisory Levels (PALs) for hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Inhal Toxicol 2009; 21 Suppl 3:56-72. [DOI: 10.3109/08958370903202812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kasai T, Saito M, Senoh H, Umeda Y, Aiso S, Ohbayashi H, Nishizawa T, Nagano K, Fukushima S. Thirteen-week inhalation toxicity of 1,4-dioxane in rats. Inhal Toxicol 2008; 20:961-71. [PMID: 18668411 DOI: 10.1080/08958370802105397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen-week inhalation toxicity of 1,4-dioxane was examined by repeated inhalation exposure of male and female F344 rats to 0 (control), 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, or 6400 ppm (v/v) 1,4-dioxane vapor for 6 h/day and 5 days/wk. All the 6400-ppm-exposed males and females died during the first week. Terminal body weight decreased, and relative weights of liver, kidney, and lung increased. AST increased in the 200 ppm-and 3200-ppm-exposed females, and ALT increased in the 3200-ppm-exposed males and females. Nuclear enlargement of nasal respiratory epithelial cells occurring in the 100-ppm-exposed males and females was the most sensitive, followed by the enlarged nuclei in the olfactory, tracheal, and bronchial epithelia. 1,4-Dioxane-induced liver lesions occurred at higher exposure concentrations than the nasal lesions did, and were characterized by single-cell necrosis and centrilobular swelling of hepatocytes in males and females. Glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive liver foci were observed in the 1600-ppm-exposed females and 3200-ppm-exposed males and females, which are known as a preneoplastic lesion in rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Plasma levels of 1,4-dioxane increased linearly with an increase in the concentrations of exposure to 400 ppm and above. The enlarged nuclei in the nasal epithelia and the GST-P-positive liver foci were discussed in light of the possible development of nasal and hepatic tumors by long-term inhalation exposure to 1,4-dioxane. A lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) was determined at 100 ppm for the nasal endpoint in both male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kasai
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Hadano, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Generation of endogenous hydrogen sulfide by cystathionine gamma-lyase limits renal ischemia/reperfusion injury and dysfunction. J Transl Med 2008; 88:1038-48. [PMID: 18679378 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2008.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of endogenous hydrogen sulfide may either limit or contribute to the degree of tissue injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion. A total of 74 male Wistar rats were used to investigate the effects of endogenous and exogenous hydrogen sulfide in renal ischemia/reperfusion. Administration of the irreversible cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) inhibitor, dL-propargylglycine, prevented the recovery of renal function after 45 min ischemia and 72 h reperfusion. The hydrogen sulfide donor sodium hydrosulfide attenuated the (renal, tubular, and glomerular) dysfunction and injury caused by 45 min ischemia and 6 h reperfusion. Western blot analysis of kidneys taken at 30 min reperfusion showed that sodium hydrosulfide significantly attenuated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (p-38, c-JUN N-terminal protein kinase 1/2, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2) and activation of nuclear factor-kappaB. At 6 h reperfusion, sodium hydrosulfide significantly attenuated the histological score for acute tubular necrosis, the activation of caspase-3 and Bid, the decline in the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, and the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent proteins (inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclo-oxygenase-2, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1). These findings suggest that (1) the synthesis of endogenous hydrogen sulfide by CSE is essential to protect the kidney against ischemia/reperfusion injury and dysfunction and aids in the recovery of renal function following ischemia/reperfusion, (2) hydrogen sulfide generated by sodium hydrosulfide reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury and dysfunction, and morphological changes of the kidney, and (3) the observed protective effects of hydrogen sulfide are due to both anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Policastro MA, Otten EJ. Case files of the University of Cincinnati fellowship in medical toxicology: two patients with acute lethal occupational exposure to hydrogen sulfide. J Med Toxicol 2008; 3:73-81. [PMID: 18072164 DOI: 10.1007/bf03160912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Policastro
- University of Cincinnati, Division of Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, OH 45267-0769, USA.
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H2S induced hypometabolism in mice is missing in sedated sheep. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2008; 160:109-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Revised: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Durand M, Weinstein P. Thiosulfate in human urine following minor exposure to hydrogen sulfide: implications for forensic analysis of poisoning. Forensic Toxicol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-007-0033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Manure pits and silos are potentially dangerous, gas-containing confined spaces on the farm that may generate hazardous levels of hydrogen sulphide and nitrogen dioxide respectively. Although these inhalation injuries are uncommon, emergency physicians who work within transport distance of rural areas should be aware of the toxic agents involved and their acute management. This article reviews the toxicology, clinical manifestations and treatment of acute, farm-related hydrogen sulphide and nitrogen dioxide exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Shepherd
- Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Thomas Elgin General Hospital, St. Thomas, Ontario, N5P 3W2, Canada.
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Okuda H, Takeuchi T, Senoh H, Arito H, Nagano K, Yamamoto S, Matsushima T. Effects of inhalation exposure to propylene oxide on respiratory tract, reproduction and development in rats. J Occup Health 2007; 48:462-73. [PMID: 17179639 DOI: 10.1539/joh.48.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal, respiratory, reproductive and developmental toxicities of propylene oxide (PO) were examined by exposing male and female Sprague-Dawley rats to PO vapor by inhalation at a concentration of 0 (control), 125, 250, 500 or 1,000 ppm for 6 h/d, 7 d/wk, during a 5- to 6-wk period, including premating, mating and postmating or gestation. The inhalation exposure to 1,000 ppm PO seriously affected parental survival, the upper and lower respiratory tract, male and female reproductive systems, motor function, and fetal survival and development, whereas the exposure to 500 ppm or less primarily caused nasal lesions without any sign of reproductive or developmental toxicity. Because atrophy of the olfactory epithelium in the male rats exposed to 250 ppm was the most sensitive endpoint for PO toxicity, the NOAEL was determined to be 125 ppm for the nasal endpoint. An additional inhalation experiment was carried out to further examine developmental toxicity by exposing pregnant rats to 0, 125, 250, 500, 750 or 1,000 ppm PO during a 2-wk period of gestation, Day 6 through Day 19. The 2-wk inhalation experiment revealed that reduced fetal body weights and delayed ossification occurred in association with significantly reduced body weights of the dams exposed to 750 and 1,000 ppm, whereas neither fetal death nor teratogenicity occurred at those two exposure levels. It was concluded that the developmental toxicity of fetal death was manifested at parentally toxic exposure levels above 500 ppm, a level which seriously affected parental survival, the upper and lower respiratory tracts and reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Okuda
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Kanagawa, Japan.
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49
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Abstract
Olfactory loss can occur through accidental exposure, poor industrial hygiene, or exposure to low levels of toxins in the ambient air over long periods. This loss can lead to transient olfactory disorders, irreversible anosmia, temporary olfactory fatigue, or industrial anosmia. Inevitably, a practicing otolaryngologist will encounter a patient with complaints of decreased smell and taste that initially may be difficult to diagnose and treat. Much of the challenge in evaluating a patient with disturbances of olfaction is in obtaining adequate quantitative measurements of sensory dysfunction and identifying a source for the olfactory loss. Although there is no particular test for environmental toxins as a source of olfactory loss, an accurate cause can be determined by obtaining a careful, detailed history. A significant exposure history and lack of more common causes of olfactory loss strengthens an argument for environmental toxins as an etiology. Unfortunately, no available treatments can reverse permanent damage caused by toxic exposure, but removal from the source of toxins may allow for repair of the olfactory system and return of normal function, especially in acute exposures. Despite the increasing number of studies investigating toxic exposure on olfactory function, these effects are understood poorly. With continued study of human exposure to these substances and the use of animal models, the mechanisms by which damage occurs will be understood better and new approaches for diagnosis and treatment will be developed. Furthermore, with increasing regulations of occupational environments and stricter policies on industrial air pollution, olfactory dysfunction secondary to toxicity should become less prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmen D Upadhyay
- Tufts University School of Medicine, New England Medical Center, 750 Washington Street, NEMC 850, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Inserra SG, Phifer BL, Anger WK, Lewin M, Hilsdon R, White MC. Neurobehavioral evaluation for a community with chronic exposure to hydrogen sulfide gas. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2004; 95:53-61. [PMID: 15068930 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2003.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2003] [Revised: 07/21/2003] [Accepted: 08/11/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In May 2000, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry of the US government conducted a health investigation in response to community concerns regarding ambient and indoor hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), odor, and health symptoms in Dakota City, Nebraska. The objective was to determine whether adult residents in an area with repeated exposure to H(2)S showed poorer performance on neurobehavioral tests than unexposed residents. Study participants were required to meet age (#10878;16 years of age) and length of residency (2 years) eligibility requirements. A battery of computer-assisted standardized neurobehavioral tests was administered in English or Spanish. A questionnaire was used to collect information about participants, demographic and health status. Three hundred forty-five people agreed to participate. After the exclusion of 10 persons, analyses were conducted on 335 participants; 171 residents in the target area and 164 residents in the comparison area. The two groups were comparable in demographic characteristics and various health conditions. Overall, neurobehavioral test results for the target and comparison groups were similar. Residence in the H(2)S-exposed area was associated with marginally poorer performance on a test of memory, namely, match to sample score, and a test of grip strength. However, these differences were not significant. Deficits in overall neurobehavioral performance were not associated with exposure to H(2)S in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Inserra
- Health Investigations Branch, Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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