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Rodrigues Alves Barbosa V, Maroilley T, Diao C, Colvin-James L, Perrier R, Tarailo-Graovac M. Single variant, yet "double trouble": TSC and KBG syndrome because of a large de novo inversion. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302115. [PMID: 38253421 PMCID: PMC10803213 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the advances in high-throughput sequencing, many rare disease patients remain undiagnosed. In particular, the patients with well-defined clinical phenotypes and established clinical diagnosis, yet missing or partial genetic diagnosis, may hold a clue to more complex genetic mechanisms of a disease that could be missed by available clinical tests. Here, we report a patient with a clinical diagnosis of Tuberous sclerosis, combined with unusual secondary features, but negative clinical tests including TSC1 and TSC2 Short-read whole-genome sequencing combined with advanced bioinformatics analyses were successful in uncovering a de novo pericentric 87-Mb inversion with breakpoints in TSC2 and ANKRD11, which explains the TSC clinical diagnosis, and confirms a second underlying monogenic disorder, KBG syndrome. Our findings illustrate how complex variants, such as large inversions, may be missed by clinical tests and further highlight the importance of well-defined clinical diagnoses in uncovering complex molecular mechanisms of a disease, such as complex variants and "double trouble" effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Rodrigues Alves Barbosa
- https://ror.org/03yjb2x39 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- https://ror.org/03yjb2x39 Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- https://ror.org/03yjb2x39 Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Tatiana Maroilley
- https://ror.org/03yjb2x39 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- https://ror.org/03yjb2x39 Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- https://ror.org/03yjb2x39 Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Catherine Diao
- https://ror.org/03yjb2x39 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- https://ror.org/03yjb2x39 Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- https://ror.org/03yjb2x39 Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Leslie Colvin-James
- https://ror.org/03yjb2x39 Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- https://ror.org/03yjb2x39 Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Renee Perrier
- https://ror.org/03yjb2x39 Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- https://ror.org/03yjb2x39 Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Maja Tarailo-Graovac
- https://ror.org/03yjb2x39 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- https://ror.org/03yjb2x39 Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- https://ror.org/03yjb2x39 Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Li JP, Zhang FB, Li LJ, Chen WK, Wu JG, Tian YH, Liang ZY, Chen C, Jin F. Y chromosome polymorphisms contribute to an increased risk of non-obstructive azoospermia: a retrospective study of 32,055 Chinese men. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:757-765. [PMID: 38270748 PMCID: PMC10957810 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence of Y chromosome polymorphisms in Chinese men and analyze their associations with male infertility and female adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS The clinical data of 32,055 Chinese men who underwent karyotype analysis from October 2014 to September 2019 were collected. Fisher's exact test, chi-square test, or Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the effects of Y chromosome polymorphism on semen parameters, azoospermia factor (AZF) microdeletions, and female adverse pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS The incidence of Y chromosome polymorphic variants was 1.19% (381/32,055) in Chinese men. The incidence of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) was significantly higher in men with the Yqh- variant than that in men with normal karyotype and other Y chromosome polymorphic variants (p < 0.050). The incidence of AZF microdeletions was significantly different among the normal karyotype and different Y chromosome polymorphic variant groups (p < 0.001). The detection rate of AZF microdeletions was 28.92% (24/83) in the Yqh- group and 2.50% (3/120) in the Y ≤ 21 group. The AZFb + c region was the most common AZF microdeletion (78.57%, 22/28), followed by AZFc microdeletion (7.14%,2/28) in NOA patients with Yqh- variants. There was no significant difference in the distribution of female adverse pregnancy outcomes among the normal karyotype and different Y chromosome polymorphic variant groups (p = 0.528). CONCLUSIONS Patients with 46,XYqh- variant have a higher incidence of NOA and AZF microdeletions than patients with normal karyotype and other Y chromosome polymorphic variants. Y chromosome polymorphic variants do not affect female adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ping Li
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Bin Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Jun Li
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Kang Chen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Gen Wu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hong Tian
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Yan Liang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Ryu SW, Yoon J, Kim D, Han B, Han H, Han J, Lee H, Seo GH, Lee BH. Identification of a complex intrachromosomal inverted insertion in the long arm of chromosome 9 as a cause of tuberous sclerosis complex in a Korean family. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2330. [PMID: 38265426 PMCID: PMC10958175 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder, caused by a loss-of-function of either TSC1 or TSC2 gene. However, in 10%-15% TSC patients there is no pathogenic variant identified in either TSC1 or TSC2 genes based on standard clinical testing. METHODS In this study, genome sequencing was performed for families with clinical diagnosis of TSC with negative results from TSC1 and TSC2 single-gene tests. RESULTS Herein, we report a family presenting a classical TSC phenotype with an unusual, complex structural variant involving the TSC1 gene: an intrachromosomal inverted insertion in the long arm of chromosome 9. We speculate that the inverted 9q33.3q34.13 region was inserted into the q31.2 region with the 3'-end of the breakpoint of the inversion being located within the TSC1 gene, resulting in premature termination of TSC1. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrate the utility of genome sequencing for the identification of complex chromosomal rearrangement. Because the breakpoints are located within the deep intronic/intergenic region, this copy-neutral variant was missed by the TSC1 and TSC2 single-gene tests and contributed to an unknown etiology. Together, this finding suggests that complex structural variants may be underestimated causes for the etiology of TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji‐Hee Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's HospitalUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Beom Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's HospitalUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Pericentric Inversion of Chromosome 9 in Twins With Cyclopia: A Rare Entity. Cureus 2023; 15:e34562. [PMID: 36743908 PMCID: PMC9894573 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 (inv(9)) is one of the most common variants seen in a normal human karyotype that occurs during meiosis. Despite being categorized as a normal variant, some studies using classical cytogenetics have recently shown that inv(9) could be associated with azoospermia, congenital anomalies, growth retardation, and rarely with abnormal karyotype. However, there is no reported association with cyclopia. Interestingly this genetic variant involves twin fetuses. A 36-year-old multiparous lady with dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy presented to the fetomaternal unit with fetal growth restriction at 34 weeks of gestation. An ultrasound scan revealed both have microcephaly, fisting hands, holoprosencephaly, and proboscis suspicious of Patau syndrome. Amniocentesis was not issued due to late pregnancy and guarded prognosis. The mother presented with pre-eclampsia at 35 weeks of gestation. The pregnancy managed to prolong up to 36 weeks after which caesarean section was performed due to the leading twin being in a transverse lie. Two baby twin girls were born 3 minutes apart with microcephaly and cyclops appearance. Chromosomal analysis of both twins revealed similar karyotypes of 46, XX, inv(9)(p11,q13). Pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 is regarded as a normal chromosomal variation in the general population, but in twins with cyclops is considered rare. Early referral to a tertiary hospital for twin management is highly required. It may identify fetuses with such abnormalities and counsel the parents with appropriate management.
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Chromosomal polymorphisms have no negative effect on reproductive outcomes after IVF/ICSI-ET/FET. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19052. [PMID: 36351959 PMCID: PMC9646876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore whether chromosomal polymorphisms (CPs) have negative effects on reproductive outcomes of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET)/frozen-thawing embryo transfer (FET)? We conducted a retrospective study consisting of 21,867 assisted reproductive technology treatment cycles, among which, fresh embryo transfer cycles accounted for 10,400, and the rest were FET cycles. According to karyotype of CPs, the former was grouped as: group 1 (male carrier, n = 425), group 2 (female carrier, n = 262), and group 3 (couple without CPs, n = 9713). Accordingly, FET cycles were divided into 3 groups: group 4 (male carrier, n = 298), group 5 (female carrier, n = 311), and group 6 (couple without CPs, n = 10,858). The embryo implantation rate (IR), clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), live birth rate (LBR), and early miscarriage rate (EMR) were compared among the groups. In fresh embryo transfer cycles after IVF/ICSI, there were no significant differences in the infertility duration, BMI, basal FSH, no. of oocyte, no. of 2PN, endometrial thickness on trigger day, serum E2, P, and LH level on trigger day (P > 0.05). The female age, no. of 2PN embryo cleavage, top-quality embryo, and no. of embryo transferred were significantly different among groups (P < 0.05). The IR was 38.8%, 36.2%, and 34.0% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The CPR was 55.1%, 52.3%, and 49.7%, respectively. The LBR was 36.9%, 37.4%, and 36.4%, respectively. The CPR and LBR showed no significant differences among groups. The IR was lower and the EMR was higher in group 3 than those of groups 1 and 2. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that female age, no. of embryo transferred, EMT, LH, and P on the trigger day were independently factors associated with CPR. Besides, no. of embryo transferred, and EMT on trigger day were associated with LBR, while the CPs was not related with CPR and LBR after IVF/ICSI-ET. In FET cycles, the infertility duration was similar (P > 0.05), but the female age, BMI, no. of embryo transferred were significantly different among groups (P > 0.05). The IR was 24.3%, 23.6% and 22.3% in group 4, 5, and 6, receptivity. The CPR was 31.8%, 30.9%, and 30.0%, the LBR was 23.8%,26.3%, and 23.8%, while the EMR was 12.6%, 13.1%, 14.4%, respectively. The IR, CPR, EMR, and LBR showed no significant differences among groups (P > 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that female age, infertility duration, and no. of embryo transferred were independently factors affecting CPR and LBR after FET. The CPs were not associated with CPR and LBR after FET. The results suggested that uniparental carrying of CPs have no effects on the reproductive outcomes after IVF/ICSI-ET/FET. However, it is not clear whether both parents carrying CPs would affect pregnancy outcome.
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A classical revival: Human satellite DNAs enter the genomics era. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 128:2-14. [PMID: 35487859 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The classical human satellite DNAs, also referred to as human satellites 1, 2 and 3 (HSat1, HSat2, HSat3, or collectively HSat1-3), occur on most human chromosomes as large, pericentromeric tandem repeat arrays, which together constitute roughly 3% of the human genome (100 megabases, on average). Even though HSat1-3 were among the first human DNA sequences to be isolated and characterized at the dawn of molecular biology, they have remained almost entirely missing from the human genome reference assembly for 20 years, hindering studies of their sequence, regulation, and potential structural roles in the nucleus. Recently, the Telomere-to-Telomere Consortium produced the first truly complete assembly of a human genome, paving the way for new studies of HSat1-3 with modern genomic tools. This review provides an account of the history and current understanding of HSat1-3, with a view towards future studies of their evolution and roles in health and disease.
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7
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Vollger MR, Guitart X, Dishuck PC, Mercuri L, Harvey WT, Gershman A, Diekhans M, Sulovari A, Munson KM, Lewis AP, Hoekzema K, Porubsky D, Li R, Nurk S, Koren S, Miga KH, Phillippy AM, Timp W, Ventura M, Eichler EE. Segmental duplications and their variation in a complete human genome. Science 2022; 376:eabj6965. [PMID: 35357917 PMCID: PMC8979283 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj6965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite their importance in disease and evolution, highly identical segmental duplications (SDs) are among the last regions of the human reference genome (GRCh38) to be fully sequenced. Using a complete telomere-to-telomere human genome (T2T-CHM13), we present a comprehensive view of human SD organization. SDs account for nearly one-third of the additional sequence, increasing the genome-wide estimate from 5.4 to 7.0% [218 million base pairs (Mbp)]. An analysis of 268 human genomes shows that 91% of the previously unresolved T2T-CHM13 SD sequence (68.3 Mbp) better represents human copy number variation. Comparing long-read assemblies from human (n = 12) and nonhuman primate (n = 5) genomes, we systematically reconstruct the evolution and structural haplotype diversity of biomedically relevant and duplicated genes. This analysis reveals patterns of structural heterozygosity and evolutionary differences in SD organization between humans and other primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R Vollger
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xavi Guitart
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Philip C Dishuck
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ludovica Mercuri
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, Aldo Moro, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - William T Harvey
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ariel Gershman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Diekhans
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Arvis Sulovari
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katherine M Munson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexandra P Lewis
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kendra Hoekzema
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Porubsky
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ruiyang Li
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sergey Nurk
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sergey Koren
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karen H Miga
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Phillippy
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Winston Timp
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mario Ventura
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, Aldo Moro, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Frequency and clinical significance of chromosomal inversions prenatally diagnosed by second trimester amniocentesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2215. [PMID: 35140290 PMCID: PMC8828714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the frequency and clinical significance of familial and de novo chromosomal inversions during prenatal diagnosis. This was a retrospective study of inversions diagnosed prenatally in an Asian population by applying conventional GTG-banding to amniocyte cultures. Data from 2005 to 2019 were extracted from a single-center laboratory database. The types, frequencies, and inheritance patterns of multiple inversions were analyzed. Pericentric variant inversions of chromosome 9 or Y were excluded. In total, 56 (0.27%) fetuses with inversions were identified in the 15-year database of 21,120 confirmative diagnostic procedures. Pericentric and paracentric inversions accounted for 62.5% (35/56) and 37.5% of the inversions, respectively. Familial inversions accounted for nearly 90% of cases, and de novo mutation was identified in two pericentric and two paracentric cases. Inversions were most frequently identified on chromosomes 1 and 2 (16.1% of all inversions), followed by chromosomes 6, 7, and 10 (8.9% of all cases). The indications for invasive testing were as follows: advanced maternal age (67.3%), abnormal ultrasound findings (2.1%), abnormal serum aneuploidy screening (20.4%), and other indications (10.2%). The mode of inheritance was available for 67.9% of cases (38/56), with 89.5% of inversions being inherited (34/38). A slight preponderance of inheritance in female fetuses was observed. Three patients with inherited inversions opted for termination (two had severe central nervous system lesions and one had thalassemia major). Gestation continued for 53 fetuses, who exhibited no structural defects at birth or significant developmental problems a year after birth. Our study indicates that approximately 90% of prenatally diagnosed inversions involve familial inheritance, are spreading, and behave like founder effect mutations in this isolated population on an island. This finding can help to alleviate anxiety during prenatal counseling, which further underscores the importance of parental chromosomal analysis, further genetic studies, and appropriate counseling in cases where a nonfamilial inversion is diagnosed.
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Xie X, Li F, Tan W, Tang J. Analysis of the clinical features of pericentric inversion of chromosome 9. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520957820. [PMID: 32957812 PMCID: PMC7513406 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520957820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 (inv9) is one of the most common
structural balanced chromosomal variations, and it is considered to be a
normal population variant. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the
clinical impact of patients with inv9. Methods We studied the karyotypes from 4853 patients at a single center and
retrospectively reviewed their clinical data. Results There were 67 inv9 patients among 2988 adults, and 62 of them showed
different clinical features, including male and female infertility,
oligoasthenozoospermia, and azoospermia. Thirty-one cases of inv9 were found
in 1865 fetuses, including two cases in chorionic villus (6.90%) and 29 in
amniotic fluid (1.67%), but there were no cases in umbilical cord blood. The
rates of fetal phenotype abnormal and adverse pregnancy outcome with inv9 in
the chorionic villus were 100.00% (2/2), while only 17.24% (5/29) in the
amniotic fluid showed abnormalities, among which 60.00% (3/5) had adverse
pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions Although there is no clear evidence that inv9 is pathogenic, the genetic
counseling on inv9 in early pregnancy and adults needs to be given more
attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Xie
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University-Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University-Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihe Tan
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University-Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Tang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University-Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
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Lopes M, Louzada S, Gama-Carvalho M, Chaves R. Genomic Tackling of Human Satellite DNA: Breaking Barriers through Time. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4707. [PMID: 33946766 PMCID: PMC8125562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(Peri)centromeric repetitive sequences and, more specifically, satellite DNA (satDNA) sequences, constitute a major human genomic component. SatDNA sequences can vary on a large number of features, including nucleotide composition, complexity, and abundance. Several satDNA families have been identified and characterized in the human genome through time, albeit at different speeds. Human satDNA families present a high degree of sub-variability, leading to the definition of various subfamilies with different organization and clustered localization. Evolution of satDNA analysis has enabled the progressive characterization of satDNA features. Despite recent advances in the sequencing of centromeric arrays, comprehensive genomic studies to assess their variability are still required to provide accurate and proportional representation of satDNA (peri)centromeric/acrocentric short arm sequences. Approaches combining multiple techniques have been successfully applied and seem to be the path to follow for generating integrated knowledge in the promising field of human satDNA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lopes
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.L.); (S.L.)
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Sandra Louzada
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.L.); (S.L.)
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Margarida Gama-Carvalho
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Raquel Chaves
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (M.L.); (S.L.)
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
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Pathogenic 12-kb copy-neutral inversion in syndromic intellectual disability identified by high-fidelity long-read sequencing. Genomics 2020; 113:1044-1053. [PMID: 33157260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report monozygotic twin girls with syndromic intellectual disability who underwent exome sequencing but with negative pathogenic variants. To search for variants that are unrecognized by exome sequencing, high-fidelity long-read genome sequencing (HiFi LR-GS) was applied. A 12-kb copy-neutral inversion was precisely identified by HiFi LR-GS after trio-based variant filtering. This inversion directly disrupted two genes, CPNE9 and BRPF1, the latter of which attracted our attention because pathogenic BRPF1 variants have been identified in autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and ptosis (IDDDFP), which later turned out to be clinically found in the twins. Trio-based HiFi LR-GS together with haplotype phasing revealed that the 12-kb inversion occurred de novo on the maternally transmitted chromosome. This study clearly indicates that submicroscopic copy-neutral inversions are important but often uncharacterized culprits in monogenic disorders and that long-read sequencing is highly advantageous for detecting such inversions involved in genetic diseases.
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12
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Li R, Fan H, Zhang Q, Yang X, Zhan P, Feng S. Pericentric inversion in chromosome 1 and male infertility. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:343-348. [PMID: 33335995 PMCID: PMC7712408 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericentric inversion in chromosome 1 was thought to cause male infertility through spermatogenic impairment, regardless of the breakpoint position. However, carriers of pericentric inversion in chromosome 1 have been reported with normal fertility and familial transmission. Here, we report two cases of pericentric inversion in chromosome 1. One case was detected in utero via amniocentesis, and the other case was detected after the wife of the carrier experienced two spontaneous abortions within 5 years of marriage. Here, the effect of the breakpoint position of the inversion in chromosome 1 on male infertility is examined and compared with the published cases. The association between the breakpoint of pericentric inversion in chromosome 1 and spermatogenesis is also discussed. Overall, the results suggest that the breakpoint position deserves attention from physicians in genetic counseling as inversion carriers can produce offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranwei Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Jilin
University, Changchun, China
| | - Haitao Fan
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Jilin
University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiushuang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Jilin
University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Jilin
University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Jilin
University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuqiang Feng
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Jilin
University, Changchun, China
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Stamou M, Ng SY, Brand H, Wang H, Plummer L, Best L, Havlicek S, Hibberd M, Khor CC, Gusella J, Balasubramanian R, Talkowski M, Stanton LW, Crowley WF. A Balanced Translocation in Kallmann Syndrome Implicates a Long Noncoding RNA, RMST, as a GnRH Neuronal Regulator. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5601163. [PMID: 31628846 PMCID: PMC7112981 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a rare, genetically heterogeneous Mendelian disorder. Structural defects in KS patients have helped define the genetic architecture of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal development in this condition. OBJECTIVE Examine the functional role a novel structural defect affecting a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), RMST, found in a KS patient. DESIGN Whole genome sequencing, induced pluripotent stem cells and derived neural crest cells (NCC) from the KS patient were contrasted with controls. SETTING The Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Genomic Medicine, and Singapore Genome Institute. PATIENT A KS patient with a unique translocation, t(7;12)(q22;q24). INTERVENTIONS/MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE/RESULTS A novel translocation was detected affecting the lncRNA, RMST, on chromosome 12 in the absence of any other KS mutations. Compared with controls, the patient's induced pluripotent stem cells and NCC provided functional information regarding RMST. Whereas RMST expression increased during NCC differentiation in controls, it was substantially reduced in the KS patient's NCC coincident with abrogated NCC morphological development and abnormal expression of several "downstream" genes essential for GnRH ontogeny (SOX2, PAX3, CHD7, TUBB3, and MKRN3). Additionally, an intronic single nucleotide polymorphism in RMST was significantly implicated in a genome-wide association study associated with age of menarche. CONCLUSIONS A novel deletion in RMST implicates the loss of function of a lncRNA as a unique cause of KS and suggests it plays a critical role in the ontogeny of GnRH neurons and puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stamou
- Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Science Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Shi-Yan Ng
- Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, Singapore
| | - Harrison Brand
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Neurology, Psychiatry, & Pathology Departments, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Harold Wang
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Lacey Plummer
- Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Science Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Lyle Best
- Turtle Mountain Community College, Belcourt, ND
- Family Medicine Department, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | | | - Martin Hibberd
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - James Gusella
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | | | - Michael Talkowski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Neurology, Psychiatry, & Pathology Departments, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Lawrence W Stanton
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad BIn Khalifa University (HBRI), Doha, Qatar
| | - William F Crowley
- Harvard Reproductive Endocrine Science Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: William F. Crowley, Jr., M.D., Center for Genomic Medicine CPZN-6.6312 - 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114. E-mail:
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Zhu JJ, Qi H, Cai LR, Wen XH, Zeng W, Tang GD, Luo Y, Meng R, Mao XQ, Zhang SQ. C-banding and AgNOR-staining were still effective complementary methods to indentify chromosomal heteromorphisms and some structural abnormalities in prenatal diagnosis. Mol Cytogenet 2019; 12:41. [PMID: 31548869 PMCID: PMC6751659 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-019-0453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In prenatal diagnosis, CMA has begun to emerge as a favorable alternative to karyotype analysis, but it could not identify balanced translocations, triploidies, inversion and heteromorphisms. Therefore, conventional cytogenetic and specific staining methods still play an important role in the work-up of chromosome anomaly. This study investigated the application of C-banding and AgNOR-staining techniques in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal heteromorphisms and some structure abnormalities. RESULTS Among the 2970 samples, the incidence of chromosomal heteromorphisms was 8.79% (261/2970). The most frequent was found to be chromosome Y (2.93%, 87/2970), followed by chromosome 1 (1.65 %, 49/2970), 9 (1.52 %, 45/2970), 22 (0.77 %, 23/2970) and 15 (0.64 %, 19/2970). We compared the incidence of chromosomal heteromorphisms between recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) group and control group. The frequency of autosomal hetermorphisms in RSA group was 7.63% higher than that in control group (5.78%), while the frequency of Y chromosomal heteromorphisms was 4.76% lower than that in control group (5.71%). Here we summarized 4 representative cases, inv (1) (p12q24), psu dic (4;17) (p16.3;p13.3), r(X)(p11; q21) and an isodicentric bisatellited chromosome to illustrate the application of C-banding or AgNOR-staining, CMA or NGS was performed to detect CNVs if necessary. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that C-banding and AgNOR-staining were still effective complementary methods to identify chromosomal heteromorphisms and marker chromosomes or some structural rearrangements involving the centromere or acrocentric chromosomes. Our results suggested that there was no evidence for an association between chromosomal heteromorphisms and infertility or recurrent spontaneous abortions. Undoubtedly, sometimes we needed to combine the results of CMA or CNV-seq to comprehensively reflect the structure and aberration of chromosome segments. Thus, accurate karyotype reports and genetic counseling could be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiang Zhu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing, 100080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Qi
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing, 100080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Rong Cai
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing, 100080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Hui Wen
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing, 100080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing, 100080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo Dong Tang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing, 100080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Luo
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing, 100080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Meng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing, 100080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Qun Mao
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing, 100080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shao Qin Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing, 100080 People’s Republic of China
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Liang S, Yang J, Wu H, Teng X, Duan T. Effects of chromosome 9 inversion on IVF/ICSI: A 7-year retrospective cohort study. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e856. [PMID: 31353845 PMCID: PMC6732300 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study focused on the outcomes of patients with pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 who underwent IVF/ICSI and fresh day 2 or day 3 embryo transfer and the possible impacts of carrier gender and chromosome karyotype on pregnancy outcomes. Methods A total of 214 couples (107 couples with one pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 in one partner [Group 1], 107 couples with normal karyotypes [Group 2]) underwent their first IVF/ICSI treatment and were included in this study. Oocyte number, normal fertilization rates, abnormal fertilization rates, cleavage rates, embryo utilization rates, fresh embryo transfer rates, clinical pregnancy rates (CPR), implantation rates, miscarriage rates, and live birth rates per embryo transfer (LBR) were compared between groups. Results Group 1 did not show any disadvantage when compared with Group 2. The CPR and LBR were similar between all groups. The female carrier group had a higher normal fertilization rate and higher utilization rate than the male carrier group. Cases with inv(9)(p12;q13) had a lower utilization rate but a higher implantation rate than the remaining karyotypes. Conclusion In the first IVF or ICSI cycle, couples with one pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 in one partner had satisfactory outcomes. The subgroup analysis showed a tendency of better prognosis for the female carrier and inv(9)(p12;q13) type. This is a retrospective cohort study during 7 years period. In the first IVF or ICSI cycle, couples with one pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 in one partner had satisfactory outcomes. The subgroup analysis showed a tendency of better prognosis for the female carrier and inv(9)(p12;q13) type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liang
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhi Yang
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixia Wu
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Teng
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Duan
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Evaluation of cytogenetic and y chromosome microdeletion analyzes in infertile cases. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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17
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Matveevsky S, Ivanitskaya E, Spangenberg V, Bakloushinskaya I, Kolomiets O. Reorganization of the Y Chromosomes Enhances Divergence in Israeli Mole Rats Nannospalax ehrenbergi (Spalacidae, Rodentia): Comparative Analysis of Meiotic and Mitotic Chromosomes. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9060272. [PMID: 29794981 PMCID: PMC6027163 DOI: 10.3390/genes9060272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Y chromosome in mammals is variable, even in closely related species. Middle East blind mole rats Nannospalax ehrenbergi demonstrate autosomal variability, which probably leads to speciation. Here, we compare the mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of mole rats. For the first time, we studied the behavior of their sex chromosomes in the meiotic prophase I using electron microscopy and immunocytochemical analysis. Unexpectedly, the sex chromosomes of the 52- and 60-chromosome forms of mole rats showed different synaptic and recombination patterns due to distinct locations of the centromeres on the Y chromosomes. The absence of recombination in the 60-chromosome form, the asymmetric synapsis, and the short-term disturbance in the synaptic co-orientation of the telomeric regions of the X and Y chromosomes were revealed as specific features of mole rat sex bivalents. We suggest several scenarios of Y chromosome alteration in connection with species differentiation in mole rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Matveevsky
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | | | - Victor Spangenberg
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Irina Bakloushinskaya
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
| | - Oxana Kolomiets
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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19
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Xu X, Zhang R, Wang W, Liu H, Liu L, Mao B, Zeng X, Zhang X. The effect of chromosomal polymorphisms on the outcomes of fresh IVF/ICSI-ET cycles in a Chinese population. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:1481-1486. [PMID: 27544276 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chromosomal polymorphisms (CPs) have been reported to be associated with infertility; however, their effects on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) are still controversial. In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of CPs on IVF/ICSI-ET outcomes. METHODS To investigate whether CPs affected the outcomes of fresh IVF/ICSI-ET cycles in a Chinese population, we evaluated infertile couples with male carriers of CPs (n = 348), infertile couples with female carriers (n = 99), and unaffected couples (n = 400) who had received their first treatment cycles in our hospital between January 2013 and March 2015. RESULTS CPs in either male or female carriers seemed to have adverse effects on IVF/ICSI-ET outcomes. CPs in male carriers affected outcomes mainly by decreasing the rates of fertilization, embryo cleavage, good quality embryos, clinical pregnancies, ongoing pregnancies, and deliveries as well as increasing the biochemical pregnancy rate (P < 0.05); CPs in female carriers affected outcomes only by lowering the embryo cleavage rate (P < 0.05). The mean fertilization rate of couples with male CP carriers undergoing IVF was significantly lower than that in those undergoing ICSI (61.1 versus 66.5 %, respectively; P = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence for the involvement of CPs in the poor outcomes of fresh IVF/ICSI-ET cycles in a Chinese population. The use of ICSI might improve outcomes by increasing the fertilization rate for men with CPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Xu
- The Reproductive Medicine Hospital of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- The Reproductive Medicine Hospital of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Reproductive Medicine Hospital of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongfang Liu
- The Reproductive Medicine Hospital of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lin Liu
- The Reproductive Medicine Hospital of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bin Mao
- The Reproductive Medicine Hospital of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiangwu Zeng
- Department of Surgery, People's Hospital, Minqin, Gansu, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- The Reproductive Medicine Hospital of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Cytogenetically Unrelated Clones in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Showing Different Responses to Chemotherapy. Case Rep Hematol 2016; 2016:2373902. [PMID: 27034857 PMCID: PMC4806274 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2373902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with two cytogenetically unrelated clones. The patient was a 45-year-old male who was diagnosed with acute monoblastic leukemia (AMoL). Initial G-band analysis showed 51,XY,+6,+8,inv(9)(p12q13)c,+11,+13,+19[12]/52,idem,+Y[8], but G-band analysis after induction therapy showed 45,XY,-7,inv(9)(p12q13)c[19]/46,XY,inv(9)(p12q13)c[1]. Retrospective FISH analysis revealed a cryptic monosomy 7 clone in the initial AML sample. The clone with multiple trisomies was eliminated after induction therapy and never recurred, but a clone with monosomy 7 was still detected in myelodysplastic marrow with a normal blast percentage. Both clones were successfully eliminated after related peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, but the patient died of relapsed AML with monosomy 7. We concluded that one clone was de novo AMoL with chromosome 6, 8, 11, 13, and 19 trisomy and that the other was acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes(AML-MRC) with chromosome 7 monosomy showing different responses to chemotherapy. Simultaneous onset of cytogenetically unrelated hematological malignancies that each have a different disease status is a rare phenomenon but is important to diagnose for a correct understanding of the disease status and for establishing an appropriate treatment strategy.
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Rim JH, Kim SW, Han SH, Yoo J. Clinical and Molecular Delineation of a Novel De Novo 4q28.3-31.21 Interstitial Deletion in a Patient with Developmental Delay. Yonsei Med J 2015; 56:1742-4. [PMID: 26446663 PMCID: PMC4630069 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.6.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John Hoon Rim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Woo Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Clinical Laboratories, Yongin, Korea.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, BioCore, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jongha Yoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
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Abstract
Polymorphic inversions are a type of structural variants that are difficult to analyze owing to their balanced nature and the location of breakpoints within complex repeated regions. So far, only a handful of inversions have been studied in detail in humans and current knowledge about their possible functional effects is still limited. However, inversions have been related to phenotypic changes and adaptation in multiple species. In this review, we summarize the evidences of the functional impact of inversions in the human genome. First, given that inversions have been shown to inhibit recombination in heterokaryotes, chromosomes displaying different orientation are expected to evolve independently and this may lead to distinct gene-expression patterns. Second, inversions have a role as disease-causing mutations both by directly affecting gene structure or regulation in different ways, and by predisposing to other secondary arrangements in the offspring of inversion carriers. Finally, several inversions show signals of being selected during human evolution. These findings illustrate the potential of inversions to have phenotypic consequences also in humans and emphasize the importance of their inclusion in genome-wide association studies.
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Formal genetic maps. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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24
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Tabet AC, Verloes A, Pilorge M, Delaby E, Delorme R, Nygren G, Devillard F, Gérard M, Passemard S, Héron D, Siffroi JP, Jacquette A, Delahaye A, Perrin L, Dupont C, Aboura A, Bitoun P, Coleman M, Leboyer M, Gillberg C, Benzacken B, Betancur C. Complex nature of apparently balanced chromosomal rearrangements in patients with autism spectrum disorder. Mol Autism 2015; 6:19. [PMID: 25844147 PMCID: PMC4384291 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-015-0015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apparently balanced chromosomal rearrangements can be associated with an abnormal phenotype, including intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Genome-wide microarrays reveal cryptic genomic imbalances, related or not to the breakpoints, in 25% to 50% of patients with an abnormal phenotype carrying a microscopically balanced chromosomal rearrangement. Here we performed microarray analysis of 18 patients with ASD carrying balanced chromosomal abnormalities to identify submicroscopic imbalances implicated in abnormal neurodevelopment. Methods Eighteen patients with ASD carrying apparently balanced chromosomal abnormalities were screened using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Nine rearrangements were de novo, seven inherited, and two of unknown inheritance. Genomic imbalances were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR. Results We detected clinically significant de novo copy number variants in four patients (22%), including three with de novo rearrangements and one with an inherited abnormality. The sizes ranged from 3.3 to 4.9 Mb; three were related to the breakpoint regions and one occurred elsewhere. We report a patient with a duplication of the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome critical region, contributing to the delineation of this rare genomic disorder. The patient has a chromosome 4p inverted duplication deletion, with a 0.5 Mb deletion of terminal 4p and a 4.2 Mb duplication of 4p16.2p16.3. The other cases included an apparently balanced de novo translocation t(5;18)(q12;p11.2) with a 4.2 Mb deletion at the 18p breakpoint, a subject with de novo pericentric inversion inv(11)(p14q23.2) in whom the array revealed a de novo 4.9 Mb deletion in 7q21.3q22.1, and a patient with a maternal inv(2)(q14.2q37.3) with a de novo 3.3 Mb terminal 2q deletion and a 4.2 Mb duplication at the proximal breakpoint. In addition, we identified a rare de novo deletion of unknown significance on a chromosome unrelated to the initial rearrangement, disrupting a single gene, RFX3. Conclusions These findings underscore the utility of SNP arrays for investigating apparently balanced chromosomal abnormalities in subjects with ASD or related neurodevelopmental disorders in both clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claude Tabet
- Department of Genetics, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France ; INSERM, UMR 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, 9 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France ; CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, 9 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France ; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, 9 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alain Verloes
- Department of Genetics, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France ; INSERM, UMR 1141, Robert Debré University Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Marion Pilorge
- INSERM, UMR 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, 9 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France ; CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, 9 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France ; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, 9 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Elsa Delaby
- INSERM, UMR 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, 9 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France ; CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, 9 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France ; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, 9 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France ; Fondation Fondamental, 40 rue de Mesly, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Gudrun Nygren
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Kungsgatan 12, 41119 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Françoise Devillard
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU de Grenoble, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, avenue du Maquis du Grésivaudan, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Marion Gérard
- Department of Genetics, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Passemard
- INSERM, UMR 1141, Robert Debré University Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France ; Neurology Unit, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Héron
- Medical Genetics Unit, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Siffroi
- Service de Génétique et d'Embryologie Médicales, AP-HP, Trousseau Hospital, 26 avenue du Docteur Arnold Netter, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Aurelia Jacquette
- Medical Genetics Unit, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Andrée Delahaye
- INSERM, UMR 1141, Robert Debré University Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France ; Cytogenetics Unit, AP-HP, Jean Verdier Hospital, allée du 14 Juillet, 93140 Bondy, France ; Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Laurence Perrin
- Department of Genetics, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Céline Dupont
- Department of Genetics, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Azzedine Aboura
- Department of Genetics, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bitoun
- Medical Genetics Unit, AP-HP, Jean Verdier Hospital, allée du 14 Juillet, 93140 Bondy, France
| | - Mary Coleman
- Foundation for Autism Research, 3081 Quail Hollow, Sarasota, FL 34235 USA
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Fondation Fondamental, 40 rue de Mesly, 94000 Créteil, France ; Department of Psychiatry, AP-HP, Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier Hospital, 40 rue de Mesly, 94000 Créteil, France ; INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Psychiatric Genetics, 8 rue du Général Sarrail, 94000 Créteil, France ; Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Est Créteil, 8 rue du Général Sarrail, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Kungsgatan 12, 41119 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Brigitte Benzacken
- Department of Genetics, AP-HP, Robert Debré University Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France ; INSERM, UMR 1141, Robert Debré University Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France ; Cytogenetics Unit, AP-HP, Jean Verdier Hospital, allée du 14 Juillet, 93140 Bondy, France ; Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Catalina Betancur
- INSERM, UMR 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, 9 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France ; CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, 9 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France ; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, 9 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
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Effect of chromosomal polymorphisms of different genders on fertilization rate of fresh IVF-ICSI embryo transfer cycles. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 29:436-44. [PMID: 25131557 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To explore whether chromosomal polymorphisms of different genders affect outcomes of fresh IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryo transfer cycles differently, 37 couples with chromosomal polymorphisms were identified out of 614 infertile couples undergoing IVF-ICSI treatments. Group 1 included 20 couples in which only the male carried chromosomal polymorphisms; group 2 included 17 couples with female carriers only; group 3 included 19 infertile couples with normal karyotypes randomly selected as controls. A significantly lower fertilization rate was found in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3 (56.68% in Group 1, 78.02% in group 2 and 71.74% in group 3; group 1 versus group 2, P < 0.001; group 1 versus group 3, P = 0.001; respectively). When stratified according to fertilization method, the fertilization rate in IVF cycles of group 1 was significantly lower than group 3 (50.00% in Group 1, 73.89% in Group 3, P < 0.001). Fertilization rates in ICSI cycles between groups 1 and 3 were not significantly different. This study suggests that male chromosomal polymorphisms adversely influence fertilization rates of IVF cycles. The use of ICSI may improve the success of infertility treatment by increasing the fertilization rate for men with chromosomal polymorphisms.
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26
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Altemose N, Miga KH, Maggioni M, Willard HF. Genomic characterization of large heterochromatic gaps in the human genome assembly. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003628. [PMID: 24831296 PMCID: PMC4022460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The largest gaps in the human genome assembly correspond to multi-megabase heterochromatic regions composed primarily of two related families of tandem repeats, Human Satellites 2 and 3 (HSat2,3). The abundance of repetitive DNA in these regions challenges standard mapping and assembly algorithms, and as a result, the sequence composition and potential biological functions of these regions remain largely unexplored. Furthermore, existing genomic tools designed to predict consensus-based descriptions of repeat families cannot be readily applied to complex satellite repeats such as HSat2,3, which lack a consistent repeat unit reference sequence. Here we present an alignment-free method to characterize complex satellites using whole-genome shotgun read datasets. Utilizing this approach, we classify HSat2,3 sequences into fourteen subfamilies and predict their chromosomal distributions, resulting in a comprehensive satellite reference database to further enable genomic studies of heterochromatic regions. We also identify 1.3 Mb of non-repetitive sequence interspersed with HSat2,3 across 17 unmapped assembly scaffolds, including eight annotated gene predictions. Finally, we apply our satellite reference database to high-throughput sequence data from 396 males to estimate array size variation of the predominant HSat3 array on the Y chromosome, confirming that satellite array sizes can vary between individuals over an order of magnitude (7 to 98 Mb) and further demonstrating that array sizes are distributed differently within distinct Y haplogroups. In summary, we present a novel framework for generating initial reference databases for unassembled genomic regions enriched with complex satellite DNA, and we further demonstrate the utility of these reference databases for studying patterns of sequence variation within human populations. At least 5–10% of the human genome remains unassembled, unmapped, and poorly characterized. The reference assembly annotates these missing regions as multi-megabase heterochromatic gaps, found primarily near centromeres and on the short arms of the acrocentric chromosomes. This missing fraction of the genome consists predominantly of long arrays of near-identical tandem repeats called satellite DNA. Due to the repetitive nature of satellite DNA, sequence assembly algorithms cannot uniquely align overlapping sequence reads, and thus satellite-rich domains have been omitted from the reference assembly and from most genome-wide studies of variation and function. Existing methods for analyzing some satellite DNAs cannot be easily extended to a large portion of satellites whose repeat structures are complex and largely uncharacterized, such as Human Satellites 2 and 3 (HSat2,3). Here we characterize HSat2,3 using a novel approach that does not depend on having a well-defined repeat structure. By classifying genome-wide HSat2,3 sequences into subfamilies and localizing them to chromosomes, we have generated an initial HSat2,3 genomic reference, which serves as a critical foundation for future studies of variation and function in these regions. This approach should be generally applicable to other classes of satellite DNA, in both the human genome and other complex genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Altemose
- Genome Biology Group, Duke Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Karen H. Miga
- Genome Biology Group, Duke Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mauro Maggioni
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Huntington F. Willard
- Genome Biology Group, Duke Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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27
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Abstract
Constitutional chromosomal abnormalities are an important cause of miscarriage, infertility, congenital anomalies and mental retardation in humans. Pericentric inversions of the human Y-chromosome [inv(Y)] are rather common and show an estimated incidence of 0.6–1:1,000 in males in the general population. Most of the reported cases with inv(Y) are familial. For carriers of pericentric inversions the risk of mental retardation or multiple abortions is not apparently increased and there is no relation with abnormal phenotypic features. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis to detect microdeletions along the Y-chromosome as well as cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis were done to delineate the characteristics of an inv(Y) in a Syrian family. Thus, we present a detailed molecular-cytogenetic characterization of a father and his two sons having an inv(Y)(p11. 2q11.221∼q11.222) with varying mental retardation features but otherwise normal phenotype.
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28
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Gagniuc P, Ionescu-Tirgoviste C. Gene promoters show chromosome-specificity and reveal chromosome territories in humans. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:278. [PMID: 23617842 PMCID: PMC3668249 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene promoters have guided evolution processes for millions of years. It seems that they were the main engine responsible for the integration of different mutations favorable for the environmental conditions. In cooperation with different transcription factors and other biochemical components, these regulatory regions dictate the synthesis frequency of RNA molecules. Predominantly in the last decade, it has become clear that nuclear organization impacts upon gene regulation. To fully understand the connections between Homo sapiens chromosomes and their gene promoters, we analyzed 1200 promoter sequences using our Kappa Index of Coincidence method. Results In order to measure the structural similarity of gene promoters, we used two-dimensional image-based patterns obtained through Kappa Index of Coincidence (Kappa IC) and (C+G)% values. The center of weight of each promoter pattern indicated a structure similarity between promoters of each chromosome. Furthermore, the proximity of chromosomes seems to be in accordance to the structural similarity of their gene promoters. The arrangement of chromosomes according to Kappa IC values of promoters, shows a striking symmetry between the chromosome length and the structure of promoters located on them. High Kappa IC and (C+G)% values of gene promoters were also directly associated with the most frequent genetic diseases. Taking into consideration these observations, a general hypothesis for the evolutionary dynamics of the genome has been proposed. In this hypothesis, heterochromatin and euchromatin domains exchange DNA sequences according to a difference in the rate of Slipped Strand Mispairing and point mutations. Conclusions In this paper we showed that gene promoters appear to be specific to each chromosome. Furthermore, the proximity between chromosomes seems to be in accordance to the structural similarity of their gene promoters. Our findings are based on comprehensive data from Transcriptional Regulatory Element Database and a new computer model whose core is using Kappa index of coincidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gagniuc
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
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Xiao Z, Zhou X, Xu W, Yang J. A preliminary study of the relationship between the long arm of the Y chromosome (Yqh+) and reproductive outcomes in IVF/ICSI-ET. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 165:57-60. [PMID: 22819572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the reproductive outcomes of Yqh+-carrying and control couples undergoing IVF/ICSI treatments. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of 72 Yqh+ carriers and 986 Yqh+ non-carriers undergoing their first cycle of ART in a single centre between August 2005 and May 2011. RESULTS Yqh+ carrying couples had significantly worse reproductive outcomes compared with control couples undergoing IVF treatment. There were a significantly higher cancellation rate (20.69% vs 7.9%; P<0.05; OR, 3.03; CI, 1.18-7.79) and a significant lower fertilisation rate (50.05% vs 66.01%; P<0.05; OR, 0.61; CI, 0.49-0.57), implantation rate (8.33% vs 20.87%; P<0.05; OR, 0.35; CI, 0.14-0.87), good quality embryo ratio (44.70% vs 57.89%; P<0.05; OR, 0.59; CI, 0.43-0.80) and clinical pregnancy rate (17.39% vs 39.59%; P<0.05; OR, 0.32; CI, 0.11-0.96) in Yqh+ group compared with control group undergoing IVF treatment. Yqh+ carrying couples had similar reproductive outcomes compared with control couples undergoing ICSI treatment. CONCLUSIONS The Y chromosome polymorphic variant Yqh+ most likely plays a role in infertility. Yqh+ couples with poor reproductive outcomes in IVF treatment can be advised to undergo ICSI to improve their reproductive results in the next cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoni Xiao
- Centre for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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30
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Terabayashi Y, Morita K, Park JY, Saito S, Shiina T, Inoko H, Ishiwata I, Fujimori KE, Hirano T. Construction of Japanese BAC library Yamato-2 (JY2): a set of 330K clone resources of damage-minimized DNA taken from a genetically established Japanese individual. Hum Cell 2011; 24:135-45. [PMID: 21611881 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-011-0019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library referred to as Yamato-2 (JY2), was constructed from a Japanese individual and contained 330,000 clones. Library construction was based on 2 concepts: Japanese pedigree and non-immortalization. Genomic DNA was extracted from white blood cells from umbilical cord blood of a Japanese male individual. Four traits of the sample, (1) amelogenin DNA, (2) short tandem repeat (STR), (3) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and (4) HLA-allele typing, were investigated to verify attribution of the donor. One of the samples with quite good Japanese characteristics was named JY2 and used as a resource for construction of a BAC library. Amelogenin DNA indicated male. STR indicated Mongoloid. MtDNA suggested haplogroup B, which is different from any other diploid whose sequence has been reported. The HLA gene was classified into east-Asian specific haplotype. These results revealed that JY2 was obtained from a Japanese male. We sequenced both ends of 185,012 BAC clones. By using the BLAST search, BAC end sequences (BESs) were mapped on the human reference sequence provided by NCBI. Inserts of individual BAC clones were mapped with both ends properly placed. As a result, 103,647 BAC clones were successfully mapped. The average insert size of BAC calculated from the mapping information was 130 kb. Coverage and redundancy of the reference sequence by successfully mapped BAC clones were 96.4% and 3.9-fold, respectively. This library will be especially suitable as a Japanese standard genome resource. The availability of an accurate library is indispensable for diagnostics or drug-design based on genome information, and JY2 will provide an accurate sequence of the Japanese genome as an important addition to the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Terabayashi
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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31
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Scriven PN, Kirby TL, Ogilvie CM. FISH for pre-implantation genetic diagnosis. J Vis Exp 2011:2570. [PMID: 21403624 DOI: 10.3791/2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is an established alternative to pre-natal diagnosis, and involves selecting pre-implantation embryos from a cohort generated by assisted reproduction technology (ART). This selection may be required because of familial monogenic disease (e.g. cystic fibrosis), or because one partner carries a chromosome rearrangement (e.g. a two-way reciprocal translocation). PGD is available for couples who have had previous affected children, and/or in the case of chromosome rearrangements, recurrent miscarriages, or infertility. Oocytes aspirated following ovarian stimulation are fertilized by in vitro immersion in semen (IVF) or by intracytoplasmic injection of an individual spermatozoon (ICSI). Pre-implantation cleavage-stage embryos are biopsied, usually by the removal of a single cell on day 3 post-fertilization, and the biopsied cell is tested to establish the genetic status of the embryo. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on the fixed nuclei of biopsied cells with target-specific DNA probes is the technique of choice to detect chromosome imbalance associated with chromosome rearrangements, and to select female embryos in families with X-linked disease for which there is no mutation-specific test. FISH has also been used to screen embryos for spontaneous chromosome aneuploidy (also known as PGS or PGD-AS) in order to try and improve the efficiency of assisted reproduction; however, the predictive value of this test using the spreading and FISH technique described here is likely to be unacceptably low in most people's hands and it is not recommended for routine clinical use. We describe the selection of suitable probes for single-cell FISH, spreading techniques for blastomere nuclei, and in situ hybridization and signal scoring, applied to PGD in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Scriven
- Department of Cytogenetics, GSTS-Pathology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's & St Thomas' Centre for Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
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32
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Hong Y, Zhou YW, Tao J, Wang SX, Zhao XM. Do polymorphic variants of chromosomes affect the outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer treatment? Hum Reprod 2011; 26:933-40. [PMID: 21266453 PMCID: PMC3057751 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chromosomal polymorphic variations on the outcome of IVF and embryo transfer (IVF–embryo transfer) treatment for infertile couples. METHODS During the period from October 2006 to December 2009, 1978 infertile couples who had received their first IVF–embryo transfer treatment cycle in our hospital were selected for this retrospective study, and the frequency of chromosomal polymorphic variations was calculated. From these, 1671 couples were selected and divided into three groups: 1402 couples with normal chromosomes (Group 1/control group), 82 couples with chromosomal polymorphic variations in only females (Group 2) and 187 couples with chromosomal polymorphic variations in only males (Group 3). The clinical pregnancy rates (CPR), early miscarriage rates and ongoing pregnancy rates after IVF–embryo transfer treatment were compared. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups in implantation rates (29.37% in the control group, 29.70% in Group 2 and 31.41% in Group 3, P > 0.05) and CPR (45.86, 46.34 and 51.87%, respectively, P > 0.05). Although there was a trend toward higher first trimester pregnancy loss rates in Group 3 (male chromosomal polymorphic variations), but not in Group 2, compared with normal karyotype couples (10.31 versus 6.84%), the difference did not reach significance (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Chromosomal polymorphic variations appear to have no adverse effects on the outcome of IVF–embryo transfer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hong
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200001, China
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33
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Nie H, Lu G. Long Y chromosome is not a fetal loss risk. J Assist Reprod Genet 2010; 28:151-6. [PMID: 21082233 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-010-9497-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the long Y chromosome genetic effect on human pregnancy outcomes. METHODS We studied all records of pregnancies by human sperm donors after artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization at the Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of Citic-Xiangya. Fetal losses were compared from two groups of sperm donors: the observation group (with long Y chromosome) and the control group (without long Y chromosome). RESULTS 2885 pregnancies were achieved with donor sperm by artificial insemination and 1746 by in vitro fertilization. The rates of fetal loss, congenital malformation and donor fecundity in the observation group after both assisted reproductive technique were the same as for the control group. CONCLUSIONS A long Y chromosome may therefore be considered as a normal variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchuan Nie
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cells Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
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34
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Harton GL, Harper JC, Coonen E, Pehlivan T, Vesela K, Wilton L. ESHRE PGD consortium best practice guidelines for fluorescence in situ hybridization-based PGD. Hum Reprod 2010; 26:25-32. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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35
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Antonelli A, Marcucci L, Elli R, Tanzi N, Paoli D, Radicioni A, Lombardo F, Lenzi A, Gandini L. Semen quality in men with Y chromosome aberrations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 34:453-60. [PMID: 21039604 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infertile males sometimes bear structurally balanced chromosome aberrations, such as translocations and inversions, which involve both autosomes and sex chromosomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate genotype-phenotype correlations in a sample of infertile men with various types of Y chromosome abnormalities. In particular, we examined the effect of (i) balanced structural aberrations such as translocations between sex chromosomes and autosomes; (ii) unbalanced structural aberrations such as deletions or isodicentrics, both [idic(Yp)] and [idic(Yq)]. We studied 13 subjects bearing Y chromosome aberrations. Each patient underwent seminal fluid examination, andrological inspection, hormone study, testicular ultrasound, conventional and molecular cytogenetic analysis and study of Y chromosome microdeletions. Comparison of genotype and sperm phenotype in infertile patients with various Y chromosome aberrations revealed the key role of meiotic pairing defects in arresting spermatogenesis, both in the presence and in the absence of azoospermic factor microdeletions and cell mosaicism. The failure of meiosis and, in consequence, spermatogenesis may be a result of the failure to inactivate the X chromosome in the meiotic prophase, which is necessary for normal male spermatogenesis to take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Antonelli
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Haematology, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
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36
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Abstract
PURPOSE The pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 is one of the most common structural balanced chromosomal variations and has been found in both normal populations and patients with various abnormal phenotypes and diseases. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the clinical impact of inv(9)(p11q13). MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the karyotypes of 431 neonates with congenital anomalies at the Pediatric Clinic in Ajou University Hospital between 2004 and 2008 and retrospectively reviewed their clinical data. RESULTS Chromosomal aberrations were detected in 60 patients (13.9%). The most common type of structural abnormality was inv(9)(p11q13), found in eight patients. Clinical investigation revealed that all eight cases with inv(9)(p11q13) had various congenital anomalies including: polydactyly, club foot, microtia, deafness, asymmetric face, giant Meckel's diverticulum, duodenal diaphragm, small bowel malrotation, pulmonary stenosis, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and intrauterine growth restriction. The cytogenetic analysis of parents showed that all of the cases were de novo heterozygous inv(9)(p11q13). CONCLUSION Since our results indicate that the incidence of inv(9)(p11q13) in patients with congenital anomalies was not significantly different from the normal population, inv(9)(p11q13) does not appear to be pathogenic with regard to the congenital anomalies. Some other, to date unknown, causes of the anomalies remain to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Yong Jeong
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Bo-Young Kim
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae Eun Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
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37
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O'Neill ID. Homozygosity for constitutional chromosomal rearrangements: a systematic review with reference to origin, ascertainment and phenotype. J Hum Genet 2010; 55:559-64. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2010.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Abstract
Significant advances have been made over the past 5 years in mapping and characterizing structural variation in the human genome. Despite this progress, our understanding of inversion variants is still very restricted. While unbalanced variants such as copy number variations can be mapped using array-based approaches, strategies for characterization of inversion variants have been limited and underdeveloped. Traditional cytogenetic approaches have long been able to identify microscopic inversion events, but discovery of submicroscopic events has remained elusive and largely ignored. With the advent of paired-end sequencing approaches, it is now possible to map inversions across the human genome. Based on the paired-end sequencing studies published to date, it is now feasible to make a first map of inversions across the human genome and to use this map to explore the characteristics and distribution of this form of variation. The current map of inversions indicates that many remain to be identified, especially in the smaller size ranges. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about human inversions and their contribution to human phenotypes. Further characterization of inversions should be considered as an important step towards a deeper understanding of human variation and genome dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Feuk
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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39
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Abstract
Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is an established alternative to pre-natal diagnosis, and involves selecting pre-implantation embryos from a cohort generated by assisted reproduction technology (ART). This selection may be required because of familial monogenic disease (e.g. cystic fibrosis), or because one partner carries a chromosome rearrangement (e.g. a two-way reciprocal translocation). PGD is available for couples who have had previous affected children, and/or in the case of chromosome rearrangements, recurrent miscarriages, or infertility. Oocytes aspirated following ovarian stimulation are fertilized by in vitro immersion in semen (IVF) or by intracytoplasmic injection of individual spermatocytes (ICSI). Pre-implantation cleavage-stage embryos are biopsied, usually by the removal of a single cell on day 3 post-fertilization, and the biopsied cell is tested to establish the genetic status of the embryo.Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on the fixed nuclei of biopsied cells with target-specific DNA probes is the technique of choice to detect chromosome imbalance associated with chromosome rearrangements, and to select female embryos in families with X-linked disease for which there is no mutation-specific test. FISH has also been used to screen embryos for sporadic chromosome aneuploidy (also known as PGS or PGD-AS) in order to try and improve the efficiency of assisted reproduction; however, due to the unacceptably low predictive accuracy of this test using FISH, it is not recommended for routine clinical use.This chapter describes the selection of suitable probes for single-cell FISH, assessment of the analytical performance of the test, spreading techniques for blastomere nuclei, and in situ hybridization and signal scoring, applied to PGD in a clinical setting.
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40
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Kristoffersson U, Bernheim A, Berger R, Nilsson B, Heim S, Mandahl N, Mitelman F. Constitutional C-band polymorphism in lymphocytes from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Hereditas 2008; 110:145-8. [PMID: 2745151 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1989.tb00434.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The C-band heterochromatin polymorphism of chromosomes 1, 9, and 16 was studied in lymphocytes from 53 patients with Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and 183 control persons. The patients had significantly larger heterochromatic blocks on chromosome 16 (p less than 0.01) and fewer partial inversions of chromosome 9 (p less than 0.05) than the control persons, whereas no differences were found for the symmetry/asymmetry pattern. We suggest that the increased constitutive heterochromatin regions may, via sister chromosome exchange, facilitate homo- or hemizygotization of genes which favor neoplasia development and/or progression.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosome Inversion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/ultrastructure
- Heterochromatin/ultrastructure
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Sister Chromatid Exchange
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41
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Lourenço GJ, Silva PMR, Bognone RAV, De Souza RA, Delamain MT, Lima CSP. Inherited pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 in acquired hematological disorders. Ann Hematol 2007; 86:465-7. [PMID: 17323058 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-007-0268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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42
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Colls P, Escudero T, Cekleniak N, Sadowy S, Cohen J, Munné S. Increased efficiency of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for infertility using "no result rescue". Fertil Steril 2007; 88:53-61. [PMID: 17296179 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) accuracy by using "no result rescue" (NRR) consisting of the reanalysis of dubious results with additional probes binding to a locus different from the one previously analyzed. DESIGN Prospective study of PGD cycles with and without reanalysis of inconclusive results. SETTING PGD laboratory. PATIENT(S) Patients undergoing PGD for infertility or Robertsonian translocations. INTERVENTION(S) Nuclei from day 3 biopsied embryos were analyzed with fluorescence in situ hybridization for chromosomes X,Y, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, and 22. When inconclusive results were obtained, NRR was performed. In addition, 100 PGD cycles using NRR were matched to controls according to maternal age, previous failed cycles, number of zygotes, number of eggs, and date of retrieval. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Determination of frequency of inconclusive results and error rate after use of additional probes. Comparison of frequency of inconclusive results with prior PGD results when NRR was not used. Assisted reproductive technology outcome was compared between PGD using NRR and controls not using PGD. RESULT(S) After analysis of 34,831 blastomeres from 34,225 embryos, 2,609 blastomeres (7.5%) showed inconclusive results. After NRR on those 2,609 blastomeres, the number of cells with inconclusive results was reduced to 3.1% (P<.001). After the introduction of NRR, fluorescence in situ hybridization errors, measured as discrepancies between the PGD diagnosis and the analysis of the nonreplaced embryo, decreased from 13.6% to 4.7% (P<.001). PGD with NRR significantly improved implantation rates, from 20% to 31%, and reduced spontaneous abortions from 27% to 6%. CONCLUSION(S) The use of NRR has been proven to be a powerful tool to reduce the error rate and the frequency of inconclusive results in PGD, both parameters of high importance to assess quality of PGD laboratories. Indeed, these parameters are two of the few measurable criteria to measure PGD laboratories. In a parallel controlled study, PGD with NRR significantly improved implantation rates and reduced spontaneous abortions, showing that PGD is more efficient in selecting embryos that will reach term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Colls
- Reprogenetics LLC, Livingston, New Jersey 07039, USA.
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43
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Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the technique of choice for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) selection of female embryos in families with X-linked disease, for which there is no mutation-specific test. FISH with target-specific DNA probes is also the primary technique used for PGD detection of chromosome imbalance associated with Robertsonian translocations, reciprocal translocations, inversions, and other chromosome rearrangements, because the DNA probes, labeled with different fluorochromes or haptens, detect the copy number of their target loci. The methods described outline strategies for PGD for sex determination and chromosome rearrangements. These methods are assessment of reproductive risks, the selection of suitable probes for interphase FISH, spreading techniques for blastomere nuclei, and in situ hybridization and signal scoring using directly labeled and indirectly labeled probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Scriven
- Research and Development, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust Centre for PGD, London, UK
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Tchinda J, Lee C. Detecting copy number variation in the human genome using comparative genomic hybridization. Biotechniques 2006; 41:385, 387, 389 passim. [PMID: 17068952 DOI: 10.2144/000112275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Among human beings, it was once estimated that our genomes were 99.9% genetically identical. While this high level of genetic similarity helps to define us as a species, it is our genetic variation that contributes to our phenotypic diversity. As genomic technologies evolve to provide genome-wide analyses at higher resolution, we are beginning to appreciate that the human genome has a lot more variation than was once thought. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is one of these technologies that has recently revealed a newly appreciated type of genetic variation: copy number variation, in which thousands of regions of the human genome are now known to be variable in number between individuals. Some of these copy number variable regions have already been shown to predispose to certain common diseases, and others may ultimately have a significant impact on how each of us reacts to certain foods (e.g., allergic reactions), medications (e.g., pharmacogenomics), microscopic infections (i.e., immunity), and other aspects of our ever-changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Tchinda
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Manola KN, Harhalakis N, Symeonidis A, Rigana H, Stavropoulou C, Karakasis D, Tiniakou M, Baltathakis I, Stamouli MI, Zoumbos N, Pantelias GE, Sambani C. Constitutional pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 and hematopoietic recovery after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Ann Hematol 2006; 85:611-5. [PMID: 16758191 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-006-0146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports suggest that hemopoietic stem cells with constitutional pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 [inv(9)] may be related to delayed engraftment or hemopoietic defect after stem cell transplantation (SCT). We conducted a retrospective study on five allogeneic SCT in which constitutional inv(9) was detected either in the donor or the recipient. The results showed that hematologic recovery was within the expected time range for all our patients. However, one patient exhibited decreasing blood counts between day +45 and +272 after transplantation, possibly due to protracted cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and gansiclovir and imatinib treatment. Our findings suggest that constitutional inv(9) may not be associated with delayed hemopoietic recovery after SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Manola
- Laboratory of Health Physics and Environmental Hygiene, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
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46
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Abstract
The first wave of information from the analysis of the human genome revealed SNPs to be the main source of genetic and phenotypic human variation. However, the advent of genome-scanning technologies has now uncovered an unexpectedly large extent of what we term 'structural variation' in the human genome. This comprises microscopic and, more commonly, submicroscopic variants, which include deletions, duplications and large-scale copy-number variants - collectively termed copy-number variants or copy-number polymorphisms - as well as insertions, inversions and translocations. Rapidly accumulating evidence indicates that structural variants can comprise millions of nucleotides of heterogeneity within every genome, and are likely to make an important contribution to human diversity and disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Feuk
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Chatzimeletiou K, Taylor J, Marks K, Grudzinskas JG, Handyside AH. Paternal inheritance of a 16qh- polymorphism in a patient with repeated IVF failure. Reprod Biomed Online 2006; 13:864-7. [PMID: 17169211 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of the size of heterochromatic centromeric regions of chromosomes have been well documented in the human. They appear to have no phenotypic effects in the carriers. However, they appear to be over-represented in infertile couples and those with repeated miscarriages, and there is now growing evidence that they are involved in meiotic pairing, spindle fibre attachment and chromosome movement. Here an analysis of inheritance is reported for a couple presenting with repeated IVF failure in which several embryos were identified as carriers of a polymorphism of the centromeric region of chromosome 16 (16qh-) following aneuploidy screening by sequential fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), using probes for chromosomes 13, 16, 18, 21, 22, X and Y. Detailed cytogenetic analysis by high-resolution banding and FISH of both parents and grandparents established that the polymorphism was familial and inherited from the maternal grandfather. Furthermore, complete analysis of all embryonic nuclei from carrier embryos and others rejected for transfer because of aneuploidy revealed no abnormalities in the segregation pattern of chromosome 16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Chatzimeletiou
- The London Bridge Fertility, Gynaecology and Genetics Centre, 1 St Thomas Street, London SE1 9RY, UK.
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48
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Kim JW, Lee JY, Hwang JW, Hong KEM. Behavioral and developmental characteristics of children with inversion of chromosome 9 in Korea: a preliminary study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2005; 35:347-57. [PMID: 15886869 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-005-2692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the behavioral and developmental characteristics of children with inv(9). This case control study included 12 inv(9) subjects and 45 normal students. All of the subjects, together with their parents, underwent a psychiatric interview and parent questionnaire consisting of a Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The mean scores with regard to the social problems and total problems profiles of the CBCL were significantly higher in the inv(9) group than in the normal control group. The inv(9) group exhibited language and motor developmental delay. These findings suggest that there is a possibility of inv(9) being associated with child developmental or behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-won Kim
- Maeumsarang Hospital, 496-28 Haewol-Li, Soyang-Myun, Jeonbuk, Korea.
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49
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Betz JL, Behairy AS, Rabionet P, Tirtorahardjo B, Moore MW, Cotter PD. Acquired inv(9): what is its significance? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 160:76-8. [PMID: 15949575 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Revised: 11/26/2004] [Accepted: 12/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pericentric inversion of the heterochromatic region of chromosome 9 [inv(9)] is a common heteromorphism in the general population. It is presumed familial as there are no reports of de novo inv(9) chromosomes in constitutional karyotypes. We report 2 cases of acquired inv(9) chromosomes; 1 patient with acute myeloid leukemia, 46,XY,inv(9)(p11q13)[11]/46,XY[9], and a second with severe anemia, 46,XX,inv(9)(p11q13)[14]/46,XX[6]. The acquired nature of the inv(9) was confirmed by constitutional karyotyping and/or molecular analysis. The inv(9) in these patients may be a de novo inversion that cytogenetically mimics the constitutional inv(9) heteromorphism. Alternatively, it may be the result of neocentromere activation in 9q due to epigenetic events associated with the disease in these patients that results in a metacentric chromosome similarly mimicking the constitutional inv(9). One previous report of an acquired inv(9) was in a patient with essential thrombocythemia. The differences in clinical presentation may represent different underlying mechanisms generating the inv(9). The significance of an acquired inv(9) is unknown and will require reporting of additional cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime L Betz
- Division of Genetics, US Labs Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
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50
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Serra A, Brahe C, Millington-Ward A, Neri G, Tedeschi B, Tassone F, Bova R. Pericentric inversion of chromosome 9: prevalence in 300 Down syndrome families and molecular studies of nondisjunction. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. SUPPLEMENT 2005; 7:162-8. [PMID: 1981475 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320370733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of Down syndrome (DS) families where one of the parents is an heterozygous carrier of pericentric inversion of the heterochromatic region of chromosome 9-inv(9) (qh) - was determined in 3 independent groups of 100 families each. The total number of 17 such families found in the sample is significantly greater than the expected number of 5.73 for a sample of non-DS families of equal size. Consequently, the statistical association of the presence of inv (9) (qh) in one parent with the birth of a DS offspring, and the correlative 3-fold increased risk of a DS child for such families, seem to be demonstrated. A study of the origin of nondisjunction, using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) segregation analysis with a sufficient number of chromosome 21 specific probes, has provided complete information in 7 of 8 available families. Although the statistical interpretation of the results is not straightforward, due to the small size of the sample, the observed data do not contradict the assumption that the presence of inv (9) (qh) in a parent increases, by a factor of about 3, the chance that the offspring will inherit an extra chromosome 21 from that parent. Nevertheless, gathering further data appears desirable because stronger evidence would have relevance both for clinical implications and for the understanding of the function of heterochromatin, particularly with respect to meiotic and mitotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Serra
- Istituto di Genetica Umana, Facoltà di Medicina A. Gemelli, U.C.S.C., Roma, Italy
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