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Atli EI, Atli E, Inan C, Varol GF, Mail C, Erbilen EA, Yalcintepe S, Demir S, Gurkan H. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of partial dup (18p)/del (18q) due to a maternal pericentric inversion 18 in a foetus with multiple anomalies. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 61:504-509. [PMID: 35595446 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The 18q terminal deletion with inverted duplication is an extremely rare abnormality, with only three confirmed cases in Europe to date. Here, we report, for the first time, a case of de novo 18q inv-dup-del in a Turkish pregnant woman. CASE REPORT A 30-year-old pregnant woman was referred for genetic analysis at her 25th gestational week due to foetal diaphragmatic hernia and rocker bottom feet. Cytogenetic analysis of the parents revealed a karyotype of 46,XX,inv(18) (p11.3q21.3) of the mother and a normal karyotype of the father. The foetal karyotype was defined as 46,XX,rec(18)del(18q)inv(18) (p11.3q21.3)mat. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report of a prenatal diagnosis. Genetic counselling issues for this family, particularly affected individuals, include an increased likelihood of reduced fertility and a risk of recurrence of parental inversion equal to 1/2 in surviving offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Ikbal Atli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Engin Atli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Cihan Inan
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Gülizar Fusun Varol
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Cisem Mail
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Esra Altan Erbilen
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Sinem Yalcintepe
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Selma Demir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gurkan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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Bohîlţea RE, Cîrstoiu MM, Nedelea FM, Turcan N, Georgescu TA, Munteanu O, Baroş A, Istrate-Ofiţeru AM, Berceanu C. Case report of a novel phenotype in 18q deletion syndrome. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:905-910. [PMID: 33817732 PMCID: PMC8112787 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.3.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The latest decades are characterized by an enormous progression in the field of human genetics. In consequences, for various phenotypic manifestations, genetic testing could identify a specific underlying cause. An estimated incidence for all types of 18q deletions is one in 55 000 births predominant on females. About 94% of cases with 18q deletion syndrome appearance are de novo, and the remaining 6% are the inherited from a parent carrying a balanced chromosomal translocation. We present the case of a 35-year-old female who was admitted in our Unit for a second ultrasound opinion after being diagnosed at the second trimester scan at gestational age of 21 weeks of pregnancy with multiple brain and heart malformations, having the recommendation for fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Further investigations included genetic analysis and pathological examination. Major malformations diagnosed and confirmed were agenesis of the corpus callosum, ventriculomegaly with dilated fourth ventricle, partial agenesis of vermis, bilateral anophthalmia with wide nasal base and left cleft lip. Additional, cardiac malformation, with an important ventricular septal defect and overriding aorta were noted. The results of the microarray analysis showed an abnormal fetal karyotype with a loss of 30.5 basis identified in the long arm of chromosome 18. Although most of the cases of 18q deletion are sporadically or de novo, could be cases where the possible existing syndromes can be inherited from a healthy or mild affected parent. Therefore, in order to establish the recurrence risk, parental karyotypes are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Elena Bohîlţea
- Department of Anatomy, Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; ,
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3
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Mainka T, Biskup S, Kühn AA, Klein C, Lohmann K, Ganos C. Importance of Tissue Selection for Genetic Testing: Detection of a Terminal 18q Deletion after Stem Cell Transplantation. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2020; 7:453-455. [PMID: 32373663 PMCID: PMC7197318 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Mainka
- Department of Neurology Charité University Medicine Berlin Berlin Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Saskia Biskup
- Center for Genomics and Transcriptomics Tübingen Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Department of Neurology Charité University Medicine Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | - Christos Ganos
- Department of Neurology Charité University Medicine Berlin Berlin Germany
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4
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Chen CP, Chen CY, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chen SW, Wu FT, Chen LF, Wang W. Detection of de novo del(18)(q22.2) and a familial of 15q13.2-q13.3 microduplication in a fetus with congenital heart defects. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 58:704-708. [PMID: 31542097 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present detection of de novo del(18)(q22.2) and a familial 15q13.2-q13.3 microduplication in a fetus with congenital heart defects (CHD). CASE REPORT A 27-year-old, primigravid woman was referred for genetic counseling because of fetal CHD. Prenatal ultrasound at 17 weeks of gestation revealed pericardial effusion, cardiomegaly and a large ventricular septal defect. The pregnancy was subsequently terminated at 18 weeks of gestation, and a 192-g female fetus was delivered with facial dysmorphism. Cytogenetic analysis of the umbilical cord revealed a karyotype of 46,XX,del(18)(q22.2). The parental karyotypes were normal. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) of the placental tissue revealed a 2.08-Mb 15q13.2-q13.3 microduplication encompassing KLF13 and CHRNA7, and a 10.74-Mb 18q22.2-q23 deletion encompassing NFATC1. The phenotypically normal father carried the same 2.08-Mb 15q13.2-q13.3 microduplication. Polymorphic DNA marker analysis confirmed a paternal origin of the distal 18q deletion. CONCLUSION Prenatal diagnosis of CHD should include a complete genetic study of the embryonic tissues, and the acquired information is useful for genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Yu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Schu-Rern Chern
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shin-Wen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Tzu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Feng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayseen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Sarret C. Leukodystrophies and genetic leukoencephalopathies in children. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020; 176:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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6
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Salehi Karlslätt K, Pettersson M, Jäntti N, Szafranski P, Wester T, Husberg B, Ullberg U, Stankiewicz P, Nordgren A, Lundin J, Lindstrand A, Nordenskjöld A. Rare copy number variants contribute pathogenic alleles in patients with intestinal malrotation. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e549. [PMID: 30632303 PMCID: PMC6418355 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal malrotation is a potentially life-threatening congenital anomaly due to the risk of developing midgut volvulus. The reported incidence is 0.2%-1% and both apparently hereditary and sporadic cases have been reported. Intestinal malrotation is associated with a few syndromes with known genotype but the genetic contribution in isolated intestinal malrotation has not yet been reported. Rare copy number variants (CNVs) have been implicated in many congenital anomalies, and hence we sought to investigate the potential contribution of rare CNVs in intestinal malrotation. METHODS Analysis of array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) data from 47 patients with symptomatic intestinal malrotation was performed. RESULTS We identified six rare CNVs in five patients. Five CNVs involved syndrome loci: 7q11.23 microduplication, 16p13.11 microduplication, 18q terminal deletion, HDAC8 (Cornelia de Lange syndrome type 5 and FOXF1) as well as one intragenic deletion in GALNT14, not previously implicated in human disease. CONCLUSION In the present study, we identified rare CNVs contributing pathogenic or potentially pathogenic alleles in five patients with syndromic intestinal malrotation, suggesting that CNV screening is indicated in intestinal malrotation with associated malformations or neurological involvements. In addition, we identified intestinal malrotation in two known syndromes (Cornelia de Lange type 5 and 18q terminal deletion syndrome) that has not previously been associated with gastrointestinal malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Salehi Karlslätt
- Department of Women's and Children's Health and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Pettersson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Jäntti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Przemyslaw Szafranski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tomas Wester
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britt Husberg
- Department of General Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla Ullberg
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pawel Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ann Nordgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Lundin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Lindstrand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordenskjöld
- Department of Women's and Children's Health and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Guilherme RS, Hermetz KE, Varela PT, Perez ABA, Meloni VA, Rudd MK, Kulikowski LD, Melaragno MI. Terminal 18q deletions are stabilized by neotelomeres. Mol Cytogenet 2015; 8:32. [PMID: 25969696 PMCID: PMC4427916 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-015-0135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND All human chromosomes are capped by tandem repeat (TTAGGG)n sequences that protect them against end-to-end fusion and are essential to chromosomal replication and integrity. Therefore, after a chromosomal breakage, the deleted chromosomes must be stabilized by retaining the telomere or acquiring a new cap, by telomere healing or telomere capture. There are few reports with molecular approaches on the mechanisms involved in stabilization of 18q terminal deletions. RESULTS In this study we analyzed nine patients with 18q terminal deletion identified by G-banding and genomic array. FISH using PNA probe revealed telomeric signals in all deleted chromosomes tested. We fine-mapped breakpoints with customized arrays and sequenced six terminal deletion junctions. In all six deleted chromosomes sequenced, telomeric sequences were found directly attached to the breakpoints. Little or no microhomology was found at the breakpoints and none of the breaks sequenced were located in low copy repeat (LCR) regions, though repetitive elements were found around the breakpoints in five patients. One patient presented a more complex rearrangement with two deleted segments and an addition of 17 base pairs (bp). CONCLUSIONS We found that all six deleted chromosomes sequenced were probably stabilized by the healing mechanism leading to a neotelomere formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Santos Guilherme
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen E Hermetz
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street Northeast, GA 30322, Atlanta, USA
| | - Patrícia Teixeira Varela
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Alvarez Perez
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Ayres Meloni
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Katharine Rudd
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street Northeast, GA 30322, Atlanta, USA
| | - Leslie Domenici Kulikowski
- Department of Pathology, Laboratório de Citogenômica, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar 255, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Melaragno
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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del Gaudio L, Striano S, Coppola A. Severe epilepsy in an adult with partial trisomy 18q. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:3148-53. [PMID: 25257782 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common presentations associated with chromosome aberrations. Detailed descriptions of some aberration-specific epileptic and electroencephalographic (EEG) phenotypes have been reported (i.e., Angelman syndrome, ring 20 etc.). However there is limited and mixed information about the characteristics of epilepsy related to trisomy 18. Thus a common seizure phenotype has not been characterized yet. Here we describe in detail a patient with refractory epilepsy and partial 18q trisomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi del Gaudio
- Epilepsy Centre, Neurology Department, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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9
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Combined deletion 18q22.2 and duplication/triplication 18q22.1 causes microcephaly, mental retardation and leukencephalopathy. Gene 2013; 523:92-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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d'Orsi G, Pascarella MG, Pansini A, Buonadonna AL, Trivisano M, Pacillo F, Carapelle E, Demaio V, Minervini M, Gentile M, Specchio LM. Partial Trisomy 18q and Epileptic Spasms Induced by Eating Associated With Bilateral Opercular Dysplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:1194-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe d'Orsi
- Epilepsy Center-Clinic of Nervous System Diseases; University of Foggia, Riuniti Hospital; Foggia; Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Pascarella
- Epilepsy Center-Clinic of Nervous System Diseases; University of Foggia, Riuniti Hospital; Foggia; Italy
| | - Angela Pansini
- Department of Medical Genetics; Hospital Di Venere; Bari; Italy
| | | | - Marina Trivisano
- Epilepsy Center-Clinic of Nervous System Diseases; University of Foggia, Riuniti Hospital; Foggia; Italy
| | - Francesca Pacillo
- Epilepsy Center-Clinic of Nervous System Diseases; University of Foggia, Riuniti Hospital; Foggia; Italy
| | - Elena Carapelle
- Epilepsy Center-Clinic of Nervous System Diseases; University of Foggia, Riuniti Hospital; Foggia; Italy
| | | | | | - Mattia Gentile
- Department of Medical Genetics; Hospital Di Venere; Bari; Italy
| | - Luigi M. Specchio
- Epilepsy Center-Clinic of Nervous System Diseases; University of Foggia, Riuniti Hospital; Foggia; Italy
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11
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Mark PR, Radlinski BC, Core N, Fryer A, Kirk EP, Haldeman-Englert CR. Narrowing the critical region for congenital vertical talus in patients with interstitial 18q deletions. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:1117-21. [PMID: 23495172 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial deletions of 18q lead to a number of phenotypic features, including multiple types of foot deformities. Many of these associated phenotypes have had their critical regions narrowly defined. Here we report on three patients with small overlapping deletions of chromosome 18q determined by microarray analysis (chr18:72493281-73512553 hg19 coordinates). All of the patients have congenital vertical talus (CVT). Based on these findings and previous reports in the literature and databases, we narrow the critical region for CVT to a minimum of five genes (ZNF407, ZADH2, TSHZ1, C18orf62, and ZNF516), and propose that TSHZ1 is the likely causative gene for CVT in 18q deletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Mark
- Department of Medical Genetics, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
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12
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Zhang YP, Deng FY, Yang TL, Zhang F, Chen XD, Shen H, Zhu XZ, Tian Q, Deng HW. Genome-wide association study identified CNP12587 region underlying height variation in Chinese females. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44292. [PMID: 22957059 PMCID: PMC3434125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human height is a highly heritable trait considered as an important factor for health. There has been limited success in identifying the genetic factors underlying height variation. We aim to identify sequence variants associated with adult height by a genome-wide association study of copy number variants (CNVs) in Chinese. Methods Genome-wide CNV association analyses were conducted in 1,625 unrelated Chinese adults and sex specific subgroup for height variation, respectively. Height was measured with a stadiometer. Affymetrix SNP6.0 genotyping platform was used to identify copy number polymorphisms (CNPs). We constructed a genomic map containing 1,009 CNPs in Chinese individuals and performed a genome-wide association study of CNPs with height. Results We detected 10 significant association signals for height (p<0.05) in the whole population, 9 and 11 association signals for Chinese female and male population, respectively. A copy number polymorphism (CNP12587, chr18:54081842-54086942, p = 2.41×10−4) was found to be significantly associated with height variation in Chinese females even after strict Bonferroni correction (p = 0.048). Confirmatory real time PCR experiments lent further support for CNV validation. Compared to female subjects with two copies of the CNP, carriers of three copies had an average of 8.1% decrease in height. An important candidate gene, ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4-like (NEDD4L), was detected at this region, which plays important roles in bone metabolism by binding to bone formation regulators. Conclusions Our findings suggest the important genetic variants underlying height variation in Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (Y-PZ); (H-WD)
| | - Fei-Yan Deng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Tie-Lin Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Ding Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Xue-Zheng Zhu
- Center of Systematic Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Center of Systematic Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (Y-PZ); (H-WD)
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13
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Benini R, Saint-Martin C, Shevell MI, Bernard G. Abnormal myelination in ring chromosome 18 syndrome. J Child Neurol 2012; 27:1042-7. [PMID: 22290857 DOI: 10.1177/0883073811430268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Partial deletion of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 18 results in a syndrome with multisystemic involvement, including dysmorphic features, intellectual disability, cardiac malformations, endocrine abnormalities, immunodeficiency, musculoskeletal deformities, and variable neurologic manifestations. Hypomyelination has been reported in patients with chromosome 18q- and postulated to be secondary to deletion of the gene coding for myelin basic protein found at 18q23. Little however is reported on cerebral anomalies seen in patients with ring chromosome 18, an analogous syndrome but with expectedly more severe phenotype secondary to the combined deletions of genetic material from both the short (p-) and long arm (q-) of chromosome 18. We are reporting a case of a girl with ring chromosome 18 and deletions involving 18p11.32-18p11.21 and 18q21.31-18q23. The abnormalities observed on magnetic resonance imaging are discussed with a specific focus on the evolution and significance of associated white matter changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Benini
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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14
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Disruption of teashirt zinc finger homeobox 1 is associated with congenital aural atresia in humans. Am J Hum Genet 2011; 89:813-9. [PMID: 22152683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital aural atresia (CAA) can occur as an isolated congenital malformation or in the context of a number of monogenic and chromosomal syndromes. CAA is frequently seen in individuals with an 18q deletion, which is characterized by intellectual disability, reduced white-matter myelination, foot deformities, and distinctive facial features. Previous work has indicated that a critical region for CAA is located in 18q22.3. We studied four individuals (from two families) with CAA and other features suggestive of an 18q deletion, and we detected overlapping microdeletions in 18q22.3 in both families. The minimal region of deletion overlap (72.9-73.4 Mb) contained only one known gene, TSHZ1, which was recently shown to be important for murine middle-ear development. Sequence analysis of the coding exons in TSHZ1 in a cohort of 11 individuals with isolated, nonsyndromic bilateral CAA revealed two mutations, c.723G>A (p.Trp241X) and c.946_947delinsA (p.Pro316ThrfsX16), and both mutations predicted a loss of function. Together, these results demonstrate that hemizygosity of TSHZ1 leads to congenital aural atresia as a result of haploinsufficiency.
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Bartels E, Draaken M, Kazmierczak B, Spranger S, Schramm C, Baudisch F, Nöthen MM, Schmiedeke E, Ludwig M, Reutter H. De novo partial trisomy 18p and partial monosomy 18q in a patient with anorectal malformation. Cytogenet Genome Res 2011; 134:243-8. [PMID: 21709416 DOI: 10.1159/000328833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anorectal malformations (ARM) encompass a broad clinical spectrum which ranges from mild anal stenosis to severe anorectal anomalies such as complex cloacal malformations. The overall incidence of ARM is around 1 in every 2,500 live births. Although causative genes for a few syndromic forms have been identified, the molecular genetic background of most ARM remains unknown. The present report describes a patient with a de novo 13.2-Mb deletion of chromosome 18q22.3-qter and a 2.2-Mb de novo duplication of chromosomal region 18pter-p11.32 located at the telomeric end of chromosome 18q. The patient presented with ARM and the typical features of 18q- syndrome (De-Grouchy syndrome). The combination of a partial duplication of the short arm and a partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 18 has been described in 16 previous cases. However, this is the first report of an association between this complex chromosomal rearrangement and ARM.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bartels
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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16
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Chen CP, Kuo YT, Lin SP, Su YN, Chen YJ, Hsueh RY, Lin YH, Wu PC, Lee CC, Chen YT, Wang W. Mosaic ring chromosome 18, ring chromosome 18 duplication/deletion and disomy 18: perinatal findings and molecular cytogenetic characterization by fluorescence in situ hybridization and array comparative genomic hybridization. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 49:327-32. [PMID: 21056319 DOI: 10.1016/s1028-4559(10)60069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present the perinatal findings and molecular cytogenetic analysis of a rare chromosomal abnormality involving structural and numerical abnormalities of chromosome 18. MATERIALS, METHODS AND RESULTS A 36-year-old woman, gravida 5, para 3, underwent amniocentesis because of her advanced maternal age. Amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 46,XY,r(18) [27]/45,XY,-18[5]/46,XY[5]. The parents decided to continue the pregnancy. Level II ultrasound revealed ventriculomegaly. At 38 weeks of gestation, a 3,725 g male fetus was delivered. The fetus had microcephaly, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, cleft palate, a broad flat nose, simian creases, broad hands, tapered fingers, clubfeet, micropenis, a sacral dimple, hypotonia, ventriculomegaly, and a ventricular septal defect. The peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed a karyotype of 46,XY,r(18)[81]/45,XY,-18[3]/46,XY,idic r(18)[3]/46,XY[13]. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using chromosome 18 centromeric probe (cep18) and subtelomeric (18pter, 18qter) identified four types of cells, r(18), idic r(18), monosomy 18, and disomy 18. Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of the blood demonstrated a 14.9-Mb deletion at chromosome 18p [arr cgh 18p11.32p11.21 (0-14,941,330)× 1] and a 29.6-Mb deletion at chromosome 18q [arr cgh 18q21.2q23 (46,533,430-76,117,153) × 1]. The proband's karyotype was 46,XY,r(18)(p11.21q21.2)[81]/45,XY,-18[3]/46,XY,idic r(18)(p11.21q21.2;p11.21q21.2)[3]/46,XY[13]. CONCLUSION Array comparative genomic hybridization is useful to determine the breakpoints of a ring chromosome, particularly in cases where the ring chromosome comprises the majority of the mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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17
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[A girl with partial monosomy 18q21: cytogenetic and molecular genetics studies]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2009; 30:991-5. [PMID: 18779147 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2008.00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study is about a girl with chromosome deletion of 18q and with mental retardation and mild delay of physical development. Based on karyotyping of high resolution, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and microsatellite analysis mapping to 18q, we found that the patient's karyotype was interpreted as 46,XX,del(18).(pter-->q21:), ish del(18)(D18Z1+,qter-). Detection of D18S979 showed that the region from 18q21.1 to 18qter was deleted, which was originated from her father. There were MBP gene and GALNR gene in the deleted interval in which both of them were lost. In conclusion, deletion of 18q21-->qter including the MBP gene and GALNR gene should be responsible for her mental retardation and mild delay of development.
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18
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Dostal A, Nemeckova J, Gaillyova R. The 18q deletion syndrome and analysis of the critical region for orofacial cleft at 18q22.3. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2009; 37:272-5. [PMID: 19157891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 18q deletion syndrome (18q-) is a multiple-anomaly disorder associated with mental retardation, white matter anomalies in the brain, growth hormone deficiency, congenital aural atresia, orofacial cleft (OFC), and palate abnormalities. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of different forms of OFC in 18q- individuals: cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP/L), cleft lip (CL), and palate abnormalities. We also sought to map a potential critical region for OFC within chromosome 18q22.3 region. PATIENTS The study presents an overview of selected 18q- individuals from 11 published reports and one presented poster. RESULTS The frequency of CP/L and CL among 18q- individuals is about 25%; when high/arched palate cases are included, the frequency rises to about 43%. CONCLUSION Orofacial abnormalities are characteristic features of 18q- syndrome patients and potential CP/L critical region could be assumed at 18q22.3 between markers D18S879 and D18S1141. In addition, gene deficient mouse models for Sall3 or Tshz1 genes, which are located at the 18q22.3 critical region, displayed palate abnormality phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Dostal
- Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Abstract
The 18q deletion syndrome (18q-) is a chromosomal disorder involving deletion of the distal segment of chromosome 18. Typifying features include poor cerebral myelination, reduced intellectual functioning and developmental delay. The present study reports the case of an 8-year-old girl diagnosed with 18q-, whose genetic analysis revealed a break at q21.3. Comprehensive neuropsychological testing indicated impaired functioning across most cognitive domains. However, verbal abilities were intact. Given the preservation of verbal skills on a background of relatively global impairment, CB's genetic and cognitive profile has implications for delineation of neuropsychological features associated with specific breakpoints in 18q-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Arguedas
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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20
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Abstract
Children with permanent unilateral or mild bilateral hearing loss have been a focus of concern by audiologists, educators, and physicians for at least 2 decades. These children are known to be at risk for psychoeducational difficulties. However, despite this concern, little has been learned about the causative factors of these hearing losses and how those factors might be contributing to child development. This review of known causes of permanent unilateral and mild bilateral hearing loss in children is meant to draw attention to the importance of the search for etiologic factors. That is, the identification of the hearing loss should not signal the end of the diagnostic process but, rather, the beginning of a search for causation. With the combined efforts of audiologists, otolaryngologists, pediatricians, geneticists, and other medical professionals, we may enhance our understanding of the primary causes of unilateral and mild bilateral hearing loss and, perhaps, create links between causative factors and psychosocial and psychoeducational outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Tharpe
- Vanderbilt Bill Wilkerson Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville 37232-8242, Tennessee.
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21
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A 3.2 Mb deletion on 18q12 in a patient with childhood autism and high-grade myopia. Eur J Hum Genet 2008; 16:312-9. [PMID: 18183041 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders with unknown aetiology. Even though ASDs are suggested to be among the most heritable complex disorders, only a few reproducible mutations leading to susceptibility for ASD have been identified. In an attempt to identify ASD susceptibility genes through chromosome rearrangements, we investigated a female patient with childhood autism and high-grade myopia, and an apparently balanced de novo translocation, t(5;18)(q34;q12.2). Further analyses revealed a 3.2 Mb deletion encompassing 17 genes at the 18q break point and an additional deletion of 1.27 Mb containing two genes on chromosome 4q35. Q-PCR analysis of 14 of the 17 genes deleted on chromosome 18 showed that 11 of these genes were expressed in the brain, suggesting that haploinsufficiency of one or more genes may have contributed to the childhood autism phenotype of the patient. Identification of multiple genetic changes in this patient with childhood autism agrees with the most frequently suggested genetic model of ASDs as complex, polygenic disorders.
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22
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Ji H, Kumm J, Zhang M, Farnam K, Salari K, Faham M, Ford JM, Davis RW. Molecular inversion probe analysis of gene copy alterations reveals distinct categories of colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Res 2007; 66:7910-9. [PMID: 16912164 PMCID: PMC2943417 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genomic instability is a major feature of neoplastic development in colorectal carcinoma and other cancers. Specific genomic instability events, such as deletions in chromosomes and other alterations in gene copy number, have potential utility as biologically relevant prognostic biomarkers. For example, genomic deletions on chromosome arm 18q are an indicator of colorectal carcinoma behavior and potentially useful as a prognostic indicator. Adapting a novel genomic technology called molecular inversion probes which can determine gene copy alterations, such as genomic deletions, we designed a set of probes to interrogate several hundred individual exons of >200 cancer genes with an overall distribution covering all chromosome arms. In addition, >100 probes were designed in close proximity of microsatellite markers on chromosome arm 18q. We analyzed a set of colorectal carcinoma cell lines and primary colorectal tumor samples for gene copy alterations and deletion mutations in exons. Based on clustering analysis, we distinguished the different categories of genomic instability among the colorectal cancer cell lines. Our analysis of primary tumors uncovered several distinct categories of colorectal carcinoma, each with specific patterns of 18q deletions and deletion mutations in specific genes. This finding has potential clinical ramifications given the application of 18q loss of heterozygosity events as a potential indicator for adjuvant treatment in stage II colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlee Ji
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5151, USA.
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23
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Feenstra I, Vissers LELM, Orsel M, van Kessel AG, Brunner HG, Veltman JA, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA. Genotype-phenotype mapping of chromosome 18q deletions by high-resolution array CGH: an update of the phenotypic map. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A:1858-67. [PMID: 17632778 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Partial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 18 lead to variable phenotypes. Common clinical features include a characteristic face, short stature, congenital aural atresia (CAA), abnormalities of the feet, and mental retardation (MR). The presence or absence of these clinical features may depend on the size and position of the deleted region. Conversely, it is also known that patients whose breakpoints are localized within the same chromosome band may exhibit distinct phenotypes. New molecular techniques such as array CGH allow for a more precise determination of breakpoints in cytogenetic syndromes, thus leading to better-defined genotype-phenotype correlations. In order to update the phenotypic map for chromosome 18q deletions, we applied a tiling resolution chromosome 18 array to determine the exact breakpoints in 29 patients with such deletions. Subsequently, we linked the genotype to the patient's phenotype and integrated our results with those previously published. Using this approach, we were able to refine the critical regions for microcephaly (18q21.33), short stature (18q12.1-q12.3, 18q21.1-q21.33, and 18q22.3-q23), white matter disorders and delayed myelination (18q22.3-q23), growth hormone insufficiency (18q22.3-q23), and CAA (18q22.3). Additionally, the overall level of MR appeared to be mild in patients with deletions distal to 18q21.33 and severe in patients with deletions proximal to 18q21.31. The critical region for the 'typical' 18q-phenotype is a region of 4.3 Mb located within 18q22.3-q23. Molecular characterization of more patients will ultimately lead to a further delineation of the critical regions and thus to the identification of candidate genes for these specific traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Feenstra
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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24
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Coré N, Caubit X, Metchat A, Boned A, Djabali M, Fasano L. Tshz1 is required for axial skeleton, soft palate and middle ear development in mice. Dev Biol 2007; 308:407-20. [PMID: 17586487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Tshz gene family encode putative zinc fingers transcription factors that are broadly expressed during mouse embryogenesis. Tshz1 is detected from E9.5 in the somites, the spinal cord, the limb buds and the branchial arches. In order to assess the function of Tshz1 during mouse development, we generated Tshz1-deficient mice. Tshz1 inactivation leads to neonatal lethality and causes multiple developmental defects. In the craniofacial region, loss of Tshz1 function leads to specific malformations of middle ear components, including the malleus and the tympanic ring. Tshz1(-/-) mice exhibited Hox-like vertebral malformations and homeotic transformations in the cervical and thoracic regions, suggesting that Tshz1 and Hox genes are involved in common pathways to control skeletal morphogenesis. Finally, we demonstrate that Tshz1 is required for the development of the soft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Coré
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille-Luminy (IBDML), UMR6216, CNRS, Université de la Méditerranée, F-13288 Marseille cedex 09, France.
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25
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Debacker K, Winnepenninckx B, Ben-Porat N, FitzPatrick D, Van Luijk R, Scheers S, Kerem B, Frank Kooy R. FRA18C: a new aphidicolin-inducible fragile site on chromosome 18q22, possibly associated with in vivo chromosome breakage. J Med Genet 2007; 44:347-52. [PMID: 17475918 PMCID: PMC2597991 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2006.044628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fragile sites are specific genomic loci that form gaps, constrictions and breaks on chromosomes exposed to replication stress conditions. In the father of a patient with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and a pure truncation of 18q22-qter, a new aphidicolin-sensitive fragile site on chromosome 18q22.2 (FRA18C) is described. The region in 18q22 appears highly enriched in flexibility islands previously found to be the characteristic of common fragile site regions. The breakpoint was cloned in this patient. The break disrupts the DOK6 gene and was immediately followed by a repetitive telomere motif, (TTAGGG)(n). Using fluorescent in situ hybridisation, the breakpoint in the daughter was found to coincide with the fragile site in the father. The breakpoint region was highly enriched in AT-rich sequences. It is the first report of an aphidicolin-sensitive fragile site that coincides with an in vivo chromosome truncation in the progeny.
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26
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Netzer C, Helmstaedter C, Ehrbrecht A, Engels H, Schwanitz G, Urbach H, Schröder R, Weber RG, Kornblum C. Global brain dysmyelination with above-average verbal skills in 18q- syndrome with a 17 Mb terminal deletion. Acta Neurol Scand 2006; 114:133-8. [PMID: 16867037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2006.00626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with the karyotypic finding of a terminal deletion in the long arm of chromosome 18 (18q- syndrome) commonly display cerebral dysmyelination and developmental delay. To our knowledge, all reported cases characterized by molecular analysis who had no mental retardation as confirmed by neuropsychological testing had a chromosomal breakpoint within the two most distal bands, 18q22 or 18q23, leading to a deletion of 16 Mb or less. AIMS OF THE STUDY It was the aim of this study to improve the karyotype-phenotype correlation in 18q- syndrome by thoroughly analyzing the deletion size and the mental and radiologic status in a 23-year-old woman with a terminal 18q deletion. We performed cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic analysis, brain MRI, and extended neuropsychological testing. RESULTS Molecular karyotyping revealed a 17 Mb deletion of terminal 18q with a breakpoint in 18q21.33 and no evidence for mosaicism. While brain MRI demonstrated severe global dysmyelination, the patient showed a neuropsychological pattern that allowed for normal psychosocial and job achievement. After delayed development in childhood, the patient caught up during puberty and showed normal verbal intelligence and skills at 23 years. However, visual, visual-spatial, visual-constructional, and executive functions were found to be severely impaired. CONCLUSION Here, we present a patient with one of the largest terminal 18q deletions reported in an individual without obvious mental retardation. Our analysis extends the phenotypic spectrum for individuals with breakpoints in 18q21.33. In addition, this study highlights the fact that severe global dysmyelination may not be associated with general cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Netzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany.
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27
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Dostal A, Nemeckova J, Gaillyova R, Vranova V, Zezulkova D, Lejska M, Slapak I, Dostalova Z, Kuglik P. Identification of 2.3-Mb Gene Locus for Congenital Aural Atresia in 18q22.3 Deletion. Otol Neurotol 2006; 27:427-32. [PMID: 16639285 DOI: 10.1097/00129492-200604000-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 18q deletion syndrome is a multiple-anomaly mental retardation syndrome associated with congenital aural atresia. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of the congenital aural atresia phenotype in 18q deletion syndrome patients and to delineate a potential critical region for congenital aural atresia at the 18q22.3-18q23 region. STUDY DESIGN AND PATIENTS The study describes one 18q deletion syndrome clinical report (Patient 15) with an overview of 19 other selected 18q deletion syndrome patients presenting congenital aural atresia from 18 published articles and one presented poster on 18q deletion syndrome. RESULTS Our investigation, together with the results of published 18q deletion syndrome reports, shows that the average frequency of congenital aural atresia is approximately 52%. A combination of three 18q deletion syndrome probands defines a chromosomal deletion site for congenital aural atresia at 18q22.3-18q23 in the region between markers D18S489 and D18S554. These polymorphic markers outline a putative critical interval of approximately 2.3 Mb, including the genes ZNF407, ZADH2, SDCCAG33, ZNF516, FLJ44881, ZNF236, MBP-Golli, and GALR1. The haploinsufficiency of these genes is suggested to be a primary cause of congenital aural atresia phenotype in 18q deletion syndrome individuals. CONCLUSION Congenital aural atresia is a relevant diagnostic clue and a major recognizable feature of 18q deletion syndrome. Early diagnosis of 18q deletion syndrome may enable application of hearing aids. Knockout studies on the congenital aural atresia mouse gene homolog may add further insight into the genes responsible for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Dostal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA, and Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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28
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Linnankivi T, Tienari P, Somer M, Kähkönen M, Lönnqvist T, Valanne L, Pihko H. 18q deletions: Clinical, molecular, and brain MRI findings of 14 individuals. Am J Med Genet A 2006; 140:331-9. [PMID: 16419126 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We studied 14 individuals with partial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 18, including terminal and interstitial de novo and inherited deletions. Study participants were examined clinically and by brain MRI. The size of the deletion was determined by segregation analysis using microsatellite markers. We observed that the phenotype was highly variable, even in two families with three 1st degree relatives. Among the 14 individuals, general intelligence varied from normal to severe mental retardation. The more common features of 18q-deletions (e.g., foot deformities, aural atresia, palatal abnormalities, dysmyelination, and nystagmus) were present in individuals lacking only the distal portion 18q22.3-qtel. Interstitial deletions exerted very heterogeneous effects on phenotype. In individuals with distal 18q22.3-q23 deletions, brain MRI was very distinctive with poor differentiation of gray and white matter on T2-weighted images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Linnankivi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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29
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Courtens W, Wuyts W, Scheers S, Van Luijk R, Reyniers E, Rooms L, Ceulemans B, Kooy F, Wauters J. A de novo subterminal trisomy 10p and monosomy 18q in a girl with MCA/MR: case report and review. Eur J Med Genet 2006; 49:402-13. [PMID: 16488200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report on a 3-year-old girl with psychomotor retardation, cardiopathy, strabismus, umbilical hernia, and facial dysmorphism in whom a de novo unbalanced submicroscopic translocation (10p;18q) was found by MLPA (Multiplex Ligation dependent Probe Amplification) and FISH analyses. Additional FISH studies with locus specific RP11 BAC probes and analyses with microsatellites revealed that the translocation resulted in a deletion estimated between 6 and 9 Mb on the maternal chromosome 18 and a subtelomeric 10p duplication of approximately 6.9 Mb. The proband's karyotype is 46,XX.ish der(18) t(10;18)(18pter-->18q23:10p15 --> 10pter). A subterminal duplication of 10p, as well as a subterminal deletion of 18q have been rarely reported so far. The clinical phenotype of this patient is reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Courtens
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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30
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Semrud-Clikeman M, Thompson NM, Schaub BL, Leach R, Hester A, Hale DE, Cody JD. Cognitive ability predicts degree of genetic abnormality in participants with 18q deletions. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2005; 11:584-90. [PMID: 16212685 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617705050691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2004] [Revised: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common chromosomal deletions is a loss of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 18. Most individuals with this condition exhibit mental retardation (68%), yet previous attempts to link cognitive status to deletion size have not shown an association, possibly because cases with additional genetic abnormalities were included. We studied 46 participants ranging from 3 to 35 years of age who had a pure genetic abnormality by excluding those with mosaicism or complex genetic rearrangements. Our patients had terminal deletions ranging from a proximal breakpoint at 18q21.1 (greater genetic abnormality, larger deletion size) to a more distal breakpoint at 18q23 characterized with molecular genetic techniques. Cognitive ability, assessed with the age-appropriate measure (Bayley, 1993 , Differential Ability Scale, Wechsler Scales), ranged from IQ = 49 to 113, with a predominance of mild and moderate mental retardation. Using multivariate regression, deletion size breakpoint rank order was predicted by cognitive ability, age, and adaptive behavior (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales), accounting for 36% of the variance in deletion size. However, lower cognitive ability (beta = .34, p = .032) and younger age (beta = .296, p = .024) predicted a larger deletion size, but adaptive behavior (beta = .225, p = .15) did not. An additional multivariate regression showed that cognitive ability and age together accounted for 33% of the variance in deletion size, whereas univariate regression showed that cognitive ability accounted for 26% of the variance and age accounted for 11% of the variance. These findings suggest that degree of cognitive impairment is associated with genetic abnormality when a large sample of individuals with "pure" deletions of genetic material from chromosome 18 is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Semrud-Clikeman
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, University Station, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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31
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Hwang KS, Pearson MA, Stankiewicz P, Lennon PA, Cooper ML, Wu J, Ou Z, Cai WW, Patel A, Cheung SW. Cryptic unbalanced translocation t(17;18)(p13.2;q22.3) identified by subtelomeric FISH and defined by array-based comparative genomic hybridization in a patient with mental retardation and dysmorphic features. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 137:88-93. [PMID: 16015583 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Molecular cytogenetics allows the identification of cryptic chromosome rearrangements, which is clinically useful in mentally retarded and/or dysmorphic individuals with normal results from conventional cytogenetics analysis. We report on a 3-year-old girl with mental retardation, growth deficiency, speech delay, and dysmorphic features including hypertelorism, upslanting palpebral fissures, midfacial hypoplasia, and posteriorly rotated ears. The G-banding analysis showed a 46,XX,t(3;8)(q26.2;p21.1)mat karyotype. However, her clinical features were suggestive of the 18q syndrome. Subtelomeric FISH analysis revealed a der(18) translocated material from chromosome 17. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) with subtelomeric BAC and PAC clones confirmed the abnormality and refined the breakpoints to 18q22.3-qter and 17p13.2-pter (deletion of 8.5 Mb and duplication of 3.9 Mb, respectively). This case demonstrates the diagnostic utility of combining conventional cytogenetics with molecular chromosome analyses for the identification of subtle chromosome abnormalities.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/genetics
- Face/abnormalities
- Female
- Genome, Human
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Intellectual Disability/pathology
- Karyotyping
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization/methods
- Syndrome
- Telomere/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwei Shuai Hwang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Kochunov P, Lancaster J, Hardies J, Thompson PM, Woods RP, Cody JD, Hale DE, Laird A, Fox PT. Mapping structural differences of the corpus callosum in individuals with 18q deletions using targetless regional spatial normalization. Hum Brain Mapp 2005; 24:325-31. [PMID: 15704090 PMCID: PMC6871744 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with a constitutional chromosome abnormality consisting of a deletion of a portion of the long arm of chromosome 18 (18q-) have a high incidence ( approximately 95%) of dysmyelination. Neuroradiologic findings in affected children report a smaller corpus callosum, but this finding has not been quantified. This is in part due to the large intersubject variability of the corpus callosum size and shape and the small number of subjects with 18q-, which leads to low statistical power for comparison with typically developing children. An analysis method called targetless spatial normalization (TSN) was used to improve the sensitivity of statistical testing. TSN converges all images in a group into what is referred as group common space. The group common space conserves common shape, size, and orientation while reducing intragroup variability. TSN in conjunction with a Witelson vertical partitioning scheme was used to assess differences in corpus callosum size between 12 children with 18q- and 12 age-matched normal controls. Significant global and regional differences in corpus callosum size were seen. The 18q- group showed an overall smaller (25%) corpus callosum (P < 10(-7)), even after correction for differences in brain size. Regionally, the posterior portions of corpus callosum (posterior midbody, isthmus, and splenium), which contain heavily myelinated fibers, were found to be 25% smaller in the population with 18q-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kochunov
- Research Imaging Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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Grosso S, Pucci L, Di Bartolo RM, Gobbi G, Bartalini G, Anichini C, Scarinci R, Balestri M, Farnetani MA, Cioni M, Morgese G, Balestri P. Chromosome 18 aberrations and epilepsy: a review. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 134A:88-94. [PMID: 15690352 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is commonly observed in patients with chromosomal aberrations. We evaluated epilepsy and electroencephalographic (EEG) features in a group of patients carrying aberrations of chromosome 18. Fourteen patients were recruited: five with an 18p deletion syndrome (18pDS); six with an 18q deletion syndrome (18qDS); two with trisomy 18p syndrome; and one with a 45,XY,t(17-18) (cen-q11.2) karyotype. Patients with 18pDS had neither epilepsy nor EEG anomalies; four patients with 18qDS had epilepsy with partial seizures occurring during infancy or early childhood. Partial seizures were also present in both patients with trisomy 18p. By contrast, mixed seizures were observed in the patient carrying a translocation between chromosomes 17 and 18. Our data and a re-evaluation of the literature suggest that epilepsy is infrequent in patients with 18pDS. Conversely, partial seizures and focal EEG anomalies may be observed in those with patients with 18qDS. Our observations suggest that the haplo-insufficiency of genes located on the long arm of chromosome 18 is more likely to be associated with epilepsy, than is haplo-insufficiency of genes located on the short arm. While further EEG/clinical investigations are needed to validate these observations, this study indicates a possible relationship between chromosome 18 genes and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Grosso
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Moncla A, Missirian C, Philip N, Marlin S. Another patient with cryptic unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 4q and 18q: evidence by microarray CGH. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 131:314-7. [PMID: 15389711 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tutunculer F, Darendeliler F, Gunoz H, Karaman B, Kayserili H. 18q deletion syndrome associated with autoimmune thyroid disease presenting as hyperthyroidism. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2005; 18:419-20. [PMID: 15844478 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2005.18.4.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Martin-Denavit T, Till M, Plauchu H. Toriello-Carey syndrome and unbalanced translocation t(8;18)(p12;q22). Am J Med Genet A 2005; 128A:219-21. [PMID: 15214022 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Meins M, Böhm D, Großmann A, Herting E, Fleckenstein B, Fauth C, Speicher MR, Schindler R, Zoll B, Bartels I, Burfeind P. First non-mosaic case of isopseudodicentric chromosome 18 (psu idic(18)(pter → q22.1::q22.1 → pter) Is associated with multiple congenital anomalies reminiscent of trisomy 18 and 18q− syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2003; 127A:58-64. [PMID: 15103719 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Isopseudodicentric chromosome 18 is very rare and results in a combination of partial trisomy and partial monosomy of chromosome 18. We report here a hypotrophic newborn with a lateral cleft lip and palate and multiple craniofacial dysmorphisms, a combined heart defect, unilateral hypoplasia of the kidney, bilateral aplasia of thumbs, and generalized contractures. Cytogenetic analysis revealed an isopseudodicentric chromosome 18 with breakpoint in 18q (46,XX,psu idic(18)(pter --> q22.1::q22.1 --> pter)). The isopseudodicentric chromosome 18 was observed in 100% of blood lymphocytes and umbilical cord fibroblasts, thus indicating a non-mosaic finding of the isopseudodicentric chromosome in the child. An elongated derivative chromosome 18 had also been found prenatally in amniotic cells. In contrast, a terminal deletion (18q-) was detected in placental cell cultures. The breakpoint was mapped to a 0.9 Mb region on 18q22.1 (located 64.8-65.7 Mb from the telomere of the p-arm) by a novel quantitative PCR approach with SYBR green detection. The results indicate an identical breakpoint of the isopseudodicentric chromosome 18 in the child and the 18q- chromosome in the placenta. To our knowledge this is the first report that a fetus carrying an isopseudodicentric chromosome 18 with breakpoint in 18q (46,XX,psu idic(18)(pter --> q22.1::q22.1 --> pter)) in non-mosaic form can be viable, but is associated with severe congenital malformations of the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meins
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - D Böhm
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Großmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - E Herting
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - B Fleckenstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Fauth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University München and GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M R Speicher
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University München and GSF, National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - R Schindler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - B Zoll
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - I Bartels
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Burfeind
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany
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Nuijten I, Admiraal R, Van Buggenhout G, Cremers C, Frijns JP, Smeets D, van Ravenswaaij-Arts C. Congenital Aural Atresia in 18q Deletion or de Grouchy Syndrome. Otol Neurotol 2003; 24:900-6. [PMID: 14600472 DOI: 10.1097/00129492-200311000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the occurrence of congenital aural atresia in patients with a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 18 (18q- deletion or de Grouchy syndrome). STUDY DESIGN AND PATIENTS This retrospective study presents an overview of the otologic findings in 33 Dutch and Belgian patients with a deletion of 18q. MATERIALS AND METHODS Detailed information on otorhinolaryngological findings was obtained from otorhinolaryngologists and audiologic centers. Data about medical and developmental history and phenotype were collected from physical examination by a clinical geneticist, by interviewing parents, and by reviewing medical and developmental records. Determination of deletion breakpoints was established by routine karyotyping, prometaphase studies, and/or fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS Twenty out of 33 patients (61%) with a deletion 18q had congenital aural atresia (CAA) ranging from narrow external auditory canals to meatal atresia type IIB. Fifteen patients (45%) had conductive hearing impairment (range: 30 dB-70 dB). Twelve of these 15 patients (80%) received hearing aids, which resulted in improved hearing but not in speech development. CAA was found only in patients with a distal deletion of 18q (including band 18q22.3 or 18q23) and not in patients with more proximal 18q deletions. CONCLUSION In patients with narrow ear canals or meatal atresia and unexplained mental retardation, chromosomal analysis is indicated. If de Grouchy syndrome is diagnosed in a young patient, auditory examination and surveillance are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Nuijten
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Heilstedt HA, Ballif BC, Howard LA, Kashork CD, Shaffer LG. Population data suggest that deletions of 1p36 are a relatively common chromosome abnormality. Clin Genet 2003; 64:310-6. [PMID: 12974736 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2003.00126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Monosomy 1p36 is a relatively common chromosome deletion. Deletion of this chromosome band can be difficult to visualize using routine cytogenetic banding techniques. The use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with telomere region-specific probes has aided in the diagnosis of patients. In this study we ascertained 62 patients with deletions of 1p36 from 61 families and collected information regarding previous chromosome analyses, mode of ascertainment, clinical indication, age at diagnosis, and parental ages. The majority of deletions occur on the maternally derived chromosome. We identified terminal deletions, interstitial deletions, derivative chromosomes, and complex rearrangements. We correlated the type of rearrangement with the parental origins. Almost 50% of the patients had at least one chromosome analysis interpreted as normal. Retrospectively, 98% of deletions could be identified by routine chromosome analysis with careful attention to chromosome 1p36. Clinical indications were variable, with developmental delay/mental retardation being the most common. Increased maternal serum alpha fetoprotein (MSAFP) was detected in four of the five prenatally diagnosed cases. Maternal age at the time of birth of the affected child was significantly lower than the general United States population mean. We suggest a multistep approach for the diagnosis and clinical evaluation in cases of monosomy 1p36.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Heilstedt
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Linnankivi TT, Autti TH, Pihko SH, Somer MS, Tienari PJ, Wirtavuori KO, Valanne LK. 18q? Syndrome: Brain MRI shows poor differentiation of gray and white matter on T2-weighted images. J Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 18:414-9. [PMID: 14508777 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.10383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study brain MRI findings in patients with 18q- syndrome and to correlate these findings with the results of the molecular breakpoint analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Brain MR images of 17 patients with 18q- syndrome were evaluated. Segregation analysis was performed with 15 microsatellite markers to determine the deletion breakpoints and whether the deletion included the myelin basic protein (MBP) gene. RESULTS One patient had an interstitial deletion of 18q which spared the MBP gene. He was the only one with normal brain MRI. All 16 patients with deletions including the MBP gene had abnormal white matter in MRI. The main finding was poor differentiation of gray and white matter on T2-weighted images due to increased white matter signal intensity. In addition, measured signal intensity of the white matter was significantly increased in patients compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Poor differentiation of gray and white matter on T2-weighted images is the most typical MRI finding of the 18q- syndrome. These results support the postulation that abnormal myelination in 18q- syndrome is due to haploinsufficiency at or near the MBP locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja T Linnankivi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Veltman JA, Jonkers Y, Nuijten I, Janssen I, van der Vliet W, Huys E, Vermeesch J, Van Buggenhout G, Fryns JP, Admiraal R, Terhal P, Lacombe D, van Kessel AG, Smeets D, Schoenmakers EFPM, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CM. Definition of a critical region on chromosome 18 for congenital aural atresia by arrayCGH. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 72:1578-84. [PMID: 12740760 PMCID: PMC1180319 DOI: 10.1086/375695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2003] [Accepted: 04/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletions of the long arm of chromosome 18 occur in approximately 1 in 10,000 live births. Congenital aural atresia (CAA), or narrow external auditory canals, occurs in approximately 66% of all patients who have a terminal deletion 18q. The present report describes a series of 20 patients with CAA, of whom 18 had microscopically visible 18q deletions. The extent and nature of the chromosome-18 deletions were studied in detail by array-based comparative genomic hybridization (arrayCGH). High-resolution chromosome-18 profiles were obtained for all patients, and a critical region of 5 Mb that was deleted in all patients with CAA could be defined on 18q22.3-18q23. Therefore, this region can be considered as a candidate region for aural atresia. The array-based high-resolution copy-number screening enabled a refined cytogenetic diagnosis in 12 patients. Our approach appeared to be applicable to the detection of genetic mosaicisms and, in particular, to a detailed delineation of ring chromosomes. This study clearly demonstrates the power of the arrayCGH technology in high-resolution molecular karyotyping. Deletion and amplification mapping can now be performed at the submicroscopic level and will allow high-throughput definition of genomic regions harboring disease genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris A Veltman
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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de Pater JM, Smeets DFCM, Scheres JMJC. Unique mosaicism of structural chromosomal rearrangement: is chromosome 18 preferentially involved? Am J Med Genet A 2003; 119A:26-31. [PMID: 12707954 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.10027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The mentally normal mother of a 4-year-old boy with del(18)(q21.3) syndrome was tested cytogenetically to study the possibility of an inherited structural rearrangement of chromosome 18. She was found to carry an unusual mosaicism involving chromosomes 18 and 21. Two unbalanced cell lines were seen as derivatives of a reciprocal translocation t(18;21), resulting in mosaicism of two cell lines, one with partial monosomy 18q and one with partial trisomy 18q. A literature review revealed that mosaicism of two or more cell lines with different unbalanced structural aberrations is extremely rare; moreover, chromosome 18 appeared to be involved in the majority of cases. We discuss possible mechanisms for the origin of this distinctive chromosomal constitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M de Pater
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Peeters H, Debeer P, Bairoch A, Wilquet V, Huysmans C, Parthoens E, Fryns JP, Gewillig M, Nakamura Y, Niikawa N, Van de Ven W, Devriendt K. PA26 is a candidate gene for heterotaxia in humans: identification of a novel PA26-related gene family in human and mouse. Hum Genet 2003; 112:573-80. [PMID: 12607115 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-003-0917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2002] [Accepted: 01/09/2002] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heterotaxia is an aetiologically heterogeneous condition caused by an abnormal left-right axis formation, resulting in reversed left-right polarity of one or more organ systems. In a patient with heterotaxia and a de novo reciprocal translocation t(6;18)(q21;q21), we found that the PA26 gene was disrupted by the 6q21 breakpoint. Northern blot analysis showed decreased expression of the PA26 gene in an Epstein-Barr virus-transformed cell line of this patient. During early embryogenesis of Xenopus, the orthologue of PA26, XPA26 is exclusively expressed in the notochord, a midline structure. This further supports a possible role of PA26 in human situs determination. Mutation analysis of human PA26 gene in 40 unrelated individuals with unexplained heterotaxia failed to identify mutations, indicating that PA26 mutations are not a frequent cause of heterotaxia in humans. Analysis of the PA26 gene structure resulted in the identification of a novel PA26-related gene family, which we have named the sestrin family, and which comprises three closely related genes in human and in mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Peeters
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Horn D, Neitzel H, Tönnies H, Kalscheuer V, Kunze J, Hinkel GK, Bartsch O. Familial MCA/MR syndrome due to inherited submicroscopic translocation t(18;21)(q22.1q21.3) with breakpoint at the Down syndrome critical region. Am J Med Genet A 2003; 117A:236-44. [PMID: 12599186 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.10017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report three generation family that includes two patients with severe mental retardation and additional anomalies who have been studied, clinically, cytogenetically, and molecular cytogenetically. A clinical diagnosis could not be made in the propositus, but facial anomalies of Down syndrome (DS) were recognized in the maternal uncle of the propositus. In view of a strong family history of recurrent miscarriage, a familial translocation was highly suggestive. Standard cytogenetic analysis did not reveal any abnormalities. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using subtelomeric DNA probes identified a familial cryptic translocation of chromosomes 18 and 21, resulting in partial trisomy 21 and partial monosomy 18q in both patients. FISH analysis of obligate carriers demonstrated a balanced translocation between the terminal parts of 18q and 21q. Including this family, a total of six different familial cases with cryptic or subtle subtelomeric translocations of chromosome 21q has been reported, of which three involved terminal parts of chromosome 18q. The remarkable similarity of the chromosomal breakpoints of our patients and the described families prompted us to refine the breakpoints and to discuss phenotypic differences between these patients. Our results reinforce the role of cryptic subtelomeric rearrangements in patients with mental retardation associated with physical anomalies and stress the importance of FISH technology to supplement routine cytogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Horn
- Institute of Human Genetics, Charité, Humboldt University, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Chen CP, Tzen CY, Chang TY, Lin CJ, Wang W, Lee CC, Chen LF, Chen WL. Prenatal diagnosis of de novo mosaic distal 18q deletion associated with congenital anomalies. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2003; 21:202-204. [PMID: 12601850 DOI: 10.1002/uog.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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46
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Zannolli R, Pierluigi M, Pucci L, Lagrasta N, Gasparre O, Matera MR, Di Bartolo RM, Mazzei MA, Sacco P, Miracco C, de Santi MM, Aitiani P, Cavani S, Pellegrini L, Fimiani M, Alessandrini C, Galluzzi P, Livi W, Gonnelli S, Terrosi-Vagnoli P, Zappella M, Morgese G. 18q-syndrome and ectodermal dysplasia syndrome: description of a child and his family. Am J Med Genet A 2003; 116A:192-9. [PMID: 12494443 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.10069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The 18q- syndrome [MIM #601808] is a terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 18. The most common deletion extends from region q21 to qter. We report here a nine-year-old boy possessing a simple 18q- deletion who had abnormalities of the brain, skull, face, tooth, hair, bone, and skin, plus joint laxity, tongue palsy, subtle sensoneural deafness, mental and speech delay, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), tic, and restless legs syndromes. His karyotype was 46, XY, del (18)(q21.31-qter). The size of the deletion was approximately 45 cM. Most of these abnormalities were not explained by the 18q- deletion. The family pedigree suggested the presence of a subtle involvement of ectodermal and/or mesodermal structures. Karyotypes of the other family members were normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zannolli
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, Policlinico Le Scotte, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Stewart H, Smith PT, Gaunt L, Moore L, Tarpey P, Andrew S, Dady I, Rifkin R, Clayton-Smith J. De novo deletion of chromosome 18q in a baby with harlequin ichthyosis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 102:342-5. [PMID: 11503161 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Harlequin ichthyosis, (MIM 242500), is a rare, autosomal recessive skin disorder due to an inborn error of epidermal keratinization. The gene for this condition has not been localized. We present a case of HI in which there was a de novo deletion of chromosome 18q: the karyotype was 46, XY, del(18)(q21.3). We postulate that the gene for HI may lie at, or distal to 18q21.3 and that the deletion observed in this case may have unmasked this autosomal recessive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Stewart
- Department of Medical Genetics, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, UK.
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48
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Stankiewicz P, Brozek I, Hélias-Rodzewicz Z, Wierzba J, Pilch J, Bocian E, Balcerska A, Wozniak A, Kardaś I, Wirth J, Mazurczak T, Limon J. Clinical and molecular-cytogenetic studies in seven patients with ring chromosome 18. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 101:226-39. [PMID: 11424138 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20010701)101:3<226::aid-ajmg1349>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of detailed clinical and molecular-cytogenetic studies in seven patients with ring chromosome 18. Classical cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with the chromosome 18 painting probe identified five non-mosaic and two complex mosaic 46,XX,dup(18)(p11.2)/47,XX,dup(18)(p11.2),+r(18) and 46,XX,dup(18)(p11.32)/47,XX,dup(18)(p11.32),+r(18) cases. FISH analysis was performed for precise characterization of the chromosome 18 breakpoints using chromosome 18-specific short-arm paint, centromeric, subtelomeric, and a panel of fifteen Alu- and DOP-PCR YAC probes. The breakpoints were assessed with an average resolution of approximately 2.2 Mb. In all r(18) chromosomes, the 18q terminal deletions ranging from 18q21.2 to 18q22.3 ( approximately 35 and 9 Mb, respectively) were found, whereas only in four cases could the loss of 18p material be demonstrated. In two cases the dup(18) chromosomes were identified as inv dup(18)(qter-->p11.32::q21.3-->qter) and inv dup(18)(qter-->p11.32::p11.32-->p11.1: :q21.3-->qter)pat, with no evidence of an 18p deletion. A novel inter-intrachromatid mechanism of formation of duplications and ring chromosomes is proposed. Although the effect of "ring instability syndrome" cannot be excluded, the phenotypes of our patients with characteristic features of 18q- and 18p- syndromes are compared and correlated with the analyzed genotypes. It has been observed that a short neck with absence of cardiac anomalies may be related to the deletion of the 18p material from the r(18) chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stankiewicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.
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49
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Batanian JR, Grange DK, Fleming R, Gadre B, Wetzel J. Two unbalanced translocations involving a common 6p25 region in two XY female patients. Clin Genet 2001; 59:52-7. [PMID: 11168026 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.590109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report two 46,XY female patients with two different de novo unbalanced translocations, each involving the chromosomal region 6p25. The patient with a 46,XY,der(6)t(X;6)(p21.2;p25) karyotype had a sex reversal phenotype. The patient with a 46,XY,der(13)t(6;13)(p25;q33) karyotype had a male pseudohermaphrodite phenotype. Multi-paint fluorescent in situ hybridization was performed to determine the origin of the derivative material on 6p and 13q. The association of abnormalities of the 6p25 region with either an Xp duplication or a 13q deletion is reported here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Batanian
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Research Institute, University of Saint-Louis, MO, USA.
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Vogels A, Devriendt K, Vermeesch JR, Van Dael R, Marynen P, Dewaele P, Hageman J, Holvoet M, Fryns JP. Cryptic translocation t(5;18) in familial mental retardation. ANNALES DE GENETIQUE 2000; 43:117-23. [PMID: 11164192 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3995(00)01024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A cryptic translocation t(5;18)(qter;qter) was detected in a large family, using a FISH-based approach combining subtelomeric probes to allow the subtelomeric regions of most chromosome ends to be analysed for deletions and balanced or unbalanced translocations. Unbalanced karyotypes (duplication 5qter/deficiency 18qter) resulted in a previously undescribed association of moderate to severe mental retardation, microcephaly, pre- and postnatal growth retardation, distinct facial dysmorphism, narrow auditory canals, genital hypoplasia, left heart hypoplasia in one patient and severe behaviour difficulties in another. Some of the features observed in affected individuals are characteristic of known syndromes involving either 18q (growth deficiency, nystagmus, narrow auditory canals, genital hypoplasia, behaviour problems in 18q deletion syndrome) or 5q (umbilical and inguinal hernias, congenital heart defects in distal 5q trisomy).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vogels
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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