1
|
Ayuso P, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Gómez-Tabales J, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. An update on the pharmacogenetic considerations when prescribing dopamine receptor agonists for Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:447-460. [PMID: 37599424 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2249404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative multisystemic disorder that affects approximately 2% of the population over 65 years old. This disorder is characterized by motor symptoms which are frequently accompanied by non-motor symptoms such as cognitive disorders. Current drug therapies aim to reduce the symptoms and increase the patient's life expectancy. Nevertheless, there is heterogeneity in therapy response in terms of efficacy and adverse effects. This wide range in response may be linked to genetic variability. Thus, it has been suggested that pharmacogenomics may help to tailor and personalize drug therapy for Parkinson's disease. AREAS COVERED This review describes and updates the clinical impact of genetic factors associated with the efficacy and adverse drug reactions related to common medications used to treat Parkinson's disease. Additionally, we highlight current informative recommendations for the drug treatment of Parkinson's disease. EXPERT OPINION The pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety profiles of Parkinson's disease drugs do not favor the development of pharmacogenetic tests with a high probability of success. The chances of obtaining ground-breaking pharmacogenetics biomarkers for Parkinson's disease therapy are limited. Nevertheless, additional information on the metabolism of certain drugs, and an analysis of the potential of pharmacogenetics in novel drugs could be of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ayuso
- Universidad de Extremadura, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Javier Gómez-Tabales
- Universidad de Extremadura, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Elena García-Martín
- Universidad de Extremadura, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José A G Agúndez
- Universidad de Extremadura, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moskaleva PV, Shnayder NA, Nasyrova RF. [Association of polymorphic variants of DDC (AADC), AANAT and ASMT genes encoding enzymes for melatonin synthesis with the higher risk of neuropsychiatric disorders]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:151-157. [PMID: 34184492 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2021121041151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is the most well-known regulator of the circadian rhythms of all living organisms and the main substrate synthesized at night. There are 4 stages in the synthesis of melatonin. This review focuses on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th stages. The review is aimed at analyzing publications on molecular genetic association studies on the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the DDC (AADC), AANAT and ASMT genes encoding melatonin synthesis enzymes in the pathogenesis of socially significant neuropsychiatric disorders in humans. The authors analyzed the available full-text articles from several databases, as well as materials from electronic resources. Search depth was 15 years. The analysis of these studies over the past decade show the association of some SNPs of the studied genes with the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders such as delayed sleep phase disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, migraine, Parkinson's disease, depression, anxiety, bipolar-affective disorder, schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P V Moskaleva
- Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N A Shnayder
- Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - R F Nasyrova
- Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li L, Lin H, Hua P, Yan L, Dong H, Li T, Liu W. Polymorphism of the Dopa-Decarboxylase Gene Modifies the Motor Response to Levodopa in Chinese Patients With Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:520934. [PMID: 33250838 PMCID: PMC7673431 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.520934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Levodopa (L-DOPA) is the most effective drug for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the response to L-DOPA remains individually variable, which hampers the practical value of L-DOPA in the clinic. Genetic factors play a role in L-DOPA efficacy. This study explored the associations between polymorphisms and motor response to L-DOPA in Chinese patients with PD. A total of 51 Chinese PD patients were enrolled in this study. Patients underwent an acute L-DOPA challenge and were evaluated by the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III at baseline and after L-DOPA administration. Subjects were genotyped for polymorphisms: rs921451 and rs3837091 in the DDC loci, rs3836790 in the SLC6A3 locus, rs4680 in the COMT locus, and rs1799836 in the MAOB locus. We found that patients carrying the DDC CT or TT genotype exhibited a better motor response to L-DOPA than patients with the DDC CC genotype, and there was still a significant difference after adjustment for the L-DOPA dose in the acute challenge. Improvement in the UPDRS III subscores, including bradykinesia and axial symptoms, was significantly lower in patients with the DDC CC genotype than in patients with the CT or TT genotype. There were no significant associations between the motor response to L-DOPA and the rs3837091, rs3836790, rs4680, and rs1799836 variants. The DDC single nucleotide polymorphism rs921451 modulated the motor response to L-DOPA in Chinese PD patients. Our results suggested that DDC may be a modifier gene for the L-DOPA treatment response in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanting Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixia Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Hua
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tan Li
- Department of Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghosal S, Sandi C, van der Kooij MA. Neuropharmacology of the mesolimbic system and associated circuits on social hierarchies. Neuropharmacology 2019; 159:107498. [PMID: 30660627 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most socially living species are organized hierarchically, primarily based on individual differences in social dominance. Dominant individuals typically gain privileged access to important resources, such as food, mating partners and territories, whereas submissive conspecifics are often devoid of such benefits. The benefits associated with a high social status provide a strong incentive to become dominant. Importantly, motivational- and reward-related processes are regulated, to a large extent, by the mesolimbic system. Consequently, several studies point to a key role for the mesolimbic system in social hierarchy formation. This review summarizes the growing body of literature that implicates the mesolimbic system, and associated neural circuits, on social hierarchies. In particular, we discuss the neurochemical and pharmacological studies that have highlighted the contributions of the mesolimbic system and associated circuits including dopamine signaling through the D1 or D2 receptors, GABAergic neurotransmission, the androgen receptor system, and mitochondria and bioenergetics. Given that low social status has been linked to the emergence of anxiety- and depressive-like disorders, a greater understanding of the neurochemistry underlying social dominance could be of tremendous benefit for the development of pharmacological treatments to dysfunctions in social behaviors. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'The neuropharmacology of social behavior: from bench to bedside'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosal
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - M A van der Kooij
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; German Resilience Center, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gao X, Liu J, Gong P, Wang J, Fang W, Yan H, Zhu L, Zhou X. Identifying new susceptibility genes on dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways for the framing effect in decision-making. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:1534-1544. [PMID: 28431168 PMCID: PMC5629826 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The framing effect refers the tendency to be risk-averse when options are presented positively but be risk-seeking when the same options are presented negatively during decision-making. This effect has been found to be modulated by the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) and the catechol-o-methyltransferase gene (COMT) polymorphisms, which are on the dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways and which are associated with affective processing. The current study aimed to identify new genetic variations of genes on dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways that may contribute to individual differences in the susceptibility to framing. Using genome-wide association data and the gene-based principal components regression method, we examined genetic variations of 26 genes on the pathways in 1317 Chinese Han participants. Consistent with previous studies, we found that the genetic variations of the SLC6A4 gene and the COMT gene were associated with the framing effect. More importantly, we demonstrated that the genetic variations of the aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (DDC) gene, which is involved in the synthesis of both dopamine and serotonin, contributed to individual differences in the susceptibility to framing. Our findings shed light on the understanding of the genetic basis of affective decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Gao
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences.,School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinting Liu
- China Center for Special Economic Zone Research.,Research Centre for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Pingyuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Northwest University, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- Research Institute of Educational Technology, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Wan Fang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences.,School of Life Sciences
| | - Hongming Yan
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences.,School of Life Sciences
| | - Lusha Zhu
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research
| | - Xiaolin Zhou
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences.,School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research.,Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education).,Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mo W, Liu J, Zhang Z, Yu H, Yang A, Qu F, Hu P, Liu Z, Hu F. A study of single nucleotide polymorphisms in CD157, AIM2 and JARID2 genes in Han Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder. Nord J Psychiatry 2018; 72:179-183. [PMID: 29216786 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2017.1410570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of developmental brain disorders caused by genetic and environmental factors. The objective of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to immune function were associated with ASD in Chinese Han children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 201 children with ASD and 200 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited from September 2012 to June 2106. A TaqMan probe-based approach was used to genotype SNPs corresponding to rs28532698 and rs4301112 in CD157, rs855867 in AIM2, and rs2237126 in JARID2. Case-control and case-only studies were performed to determine the contribution of SNPs to the predisposition of disease and its severity, respectively. RESULTS Our results revealed that the genotypes and allele frequencies of these SNPs were not significantly associated with childhood ASD and its severity in this population. CONCLUSIONS Results of our study suggest that these SNPs are not predictors of childhood ASD in the Chinese Han population. The discrepant results suggest the predictor roles of SNPs have to be determined in different ethnic populations due to genetic heterogeneity of ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Mo
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jun Liu
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zengyu Zhang
- b Department of Pediatrics , Xiaoshan First People's Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Hong Yu
- c Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health , Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Aiping Yang
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Fei Qu
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Pingfang Hu
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- d Department of Internal Medicine , Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital , Hangzhou , China
| | - Fengpei Hu
- e Institute of Brain and Management Science , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Politi C, Ciccacci C, Novelli G, Borgiani P. Genetics and Treatment Response in Parkinson's Disease: An Update on Pharmacogenetic Studies. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:1-17. [PMID: 29305687 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-017-8473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopamine neurons of the central nervous system. The disease determines a significant disability due to a combination of motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity and rest tremor and non-motor symptoms such as sleep disorders, hallucinations, psychosis and compulsive behaviors. The current therapies consist in combination of drugs acting to control only the symptoms of the illness by the replacement of the dopamine lost. Although patients generally receive benefits from this symptomatic pharmacological management, they also show great variability in drug response in terms of both efficacy and adverse effects. Pharmacogenetic studies highlighted that genetic factors play a relevant influence in this drug response variability. In this review, we tried to give an overview of the recent progresses in the pharmacogenetics of PD, reporting the major genetic factors identified as involved in the response to drugs and highlighting the potential use of some of these genomic variants in the clinical practice. Many genes have been investigated and several associations have been reported especially with adverse drug reactions. However, only polymorphisms in few genes, including DRD2, COMT and SLC6A3, have been confirmed as associated in different populations and in large cohorts. The identification of genomic biomarkers involved in drug response variability represents an important step in PD treatment, opening the prospective of more personalized therapies in order to identify, for each person, the better therapy in terms of efficacy and toxicity and to improve the PD patients' quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Politi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ciccacci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Borgiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Genetics Section, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu J, Mo W, Zhang Z, Yu H, Yang A, Qu F, Hu P, Liu Z, Wang S. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in SLC19A1 and SLC25A9 Are Associated with Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Chinese Han Population. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 62:262-267. [PMID: 28536923 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0929-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants have been implicated in the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recent studies suggest that solute carriers (SLCs) may play a role in the etiology of ASD. This purpose of this study was to determine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SLC19A1 and SLC25A12 genes with childhood ASD in a Chinese Han population. A total of 201 autistic children and 200 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited. A TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR approach was used to determine genotypes of SNPs corresponding to rs1023159 and rs1051266 in SLC19A1, and rs2056202 and rs2292813 in SLC25A12. Our results showed that both the T/T genotype of rs1051266 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-3.23, P = 0.0301) and the T allele (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.07-2.90, P = 0.0249) of rs2292813 were significantly associated with an increased risk of childhood ASD. In addition, the G-C haplotype of rs1023159-rs1051266 in SCL19A1 (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.51-0.98, P = 0.0389) and C-C haplotype of rs2056202-rs2292813 in SLC25A12 (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35-0.96, P = 0.0325) were associated with decreased risks of childhood ASD. There was no significant association between genotypes and allele frequencies with the severity of the disease. Our study suggests that these genetic variants of SLC19A1 and SLC25A12 may be associated with risks for childhood ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311202, China.
| | - Weiming Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311202, China
| | - Zengyu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiaoshan First Affiliated Hospital of HangzhouNormal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311201, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311202, China
| | - Aiping Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311202, China
| | - Fei Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311202, China
| | - Pingfang Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311202, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311202, China
| | - Shihu Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu H, Liu J, Yang A, Yang G, Yang W, Lei H, Quan J, Zhang Z. Lack of Association Between Polymorphisms in Dopa Decarboxylase and Dopamine Receptor-1 Genes With Childhood Autism in Chinese Han Population. J Child Neurol 2016; 31:560-4. [PMID: 26337060 DOI: 10.1177/0883073815601496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Genetic factors play an important role in childhood autism. This study is to determine the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in dopa decarboxylase (DDC) and dopamine receptor-1 (DRD1) genes with childhood autism, in a Chinese Han population. A total of 211 autistic children and 250 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited. The severity of disease was determined by Children Autism Rating Scale scores. TaqMan Probe by real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine genotypes and allele frequencies of single-nucleotide polymorphism rs6592961 in DDC and rs251937 in DRD1. Case-control and case-only studies were respectively performed, to determine the contribution of both single-nucleotide polymorphisms to the predisposition of disease and its severity. Our results showed that there was no significant association of the genotypes and allele frequencies of both single-nucleotide polymorphisms concerning childhood autism and its severity. More studies with larger samples are needed to corroborate their predicting roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aiping Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guohui Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heyue Lei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianjun Quan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zengyu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiaoshan First Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zayats T, Johansson S, Haavik J. Expanding the toolbox of ADHD genetics. How can we make sense of parent of origin effects in ADHD and related behavioral phenotypes? Behav Brain Funct 2015; 11:33. [PMID: 26475699 PMCID: PMC4609130 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-015-0078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have shown that many different genetic variants cumulatively contribute to the risk of psychiatric disorders. It has also been demonstrated that various parent-of-origin effects (POE) may differentially influence the risk of these disorders. Together, these observations have provided important new possibilities to uncover the genetic underpinnings of such complex phenotypes. As POE so far have received little attention in neuropsychiatric disorders, there is still much progress to be made. Here, we mainly focus on the new and emerging role of POE in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We review the current evidence that POE play an imperative role in vulnerability to ADHD and related disorders. We also discuss how POE can be assessed using statistical genetics tools, expanding the resources of modern psychiatric genetics. We propose that better comprehension and inspection of POE may offer new insight into the molecular basis of ADHD and related phenotypes, as well as the potential for preventive and therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Zayats
- Department of Biomedicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Department of Clinical Science, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Devos D, Lejeune S, Cormier-Dequaire F, Tahiri K, Charbonnier-Beaupel F, Rouaix N, Duhamel A, Sablonnière B, Bonnet AM, Bonnet C, Zahr N, Costentin J, Vidailhet M, Corvol JC. Dopa-decarboxylase gene polymorphisms affect the motor response to L-dopa in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2013; 20:170-5. [PMID: 24216088 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Parkinson's disease (PD), the response to L-dopa is highly variable and unpredictable. The major pathway for dopamine synthesis from L-dopa is decarboxylation by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD, encoded by the DDC gene). OBJECTIVE To determine the motor response to L-dopa in PD patients as a function of the DDC gene promoter polymorphisms (rs921451 T > C polymorphism (DDC(T/C)) and rs3837091 AGAG del (DDC(AGAG/-))). METHODS Thirty-three Caucasian PD patients underwent an acute l-dopa challenge together with the peripheral AAAD inhibitor benserazide and were genotyped for rs921451 and rs3837091. The primary efficacy criterion was the motor response to L-dopa, as estimated by the area under the curve for the change in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS) score relative to baseline (AUCΔUPDRS) in the 4 h following L-dopa administration. Secondary endpoints were pharmacokinetic parameters for plasma levels of L-dopa and dopamine. Investigators and patients were blinded to genotypes data throughout the study. RESULTS When adjusted for the L-dopa dose, the AUCΔUPDRS was significantly lower in DDC(CC/CT) patients (n = 14) than in DDC(TT) patients (n = 19) and significantly lower in DDC(-/- or AGAG/-) patients (n = 8) than in DDC(AGAG/AGAG) patients (n = 25). There were no significant intergroup differences in plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for L-dopa and dopamine. DISCUSSION The rs921451 and rs3837091 polymorphisms of the DDC gene promoter influence the motor response to L-dopa but do not significantly change peripheral pharmacokinetic parameters for L-dopa and dopamine. Our results suggest that DDC may be a genetic modifier of the l-dopa response in Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Devos
- INSERM (French National Institute of Medical Research and Health), APHP (Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris), Clinical Investigation Center (CIC-9503), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Lille Nord de France University, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine of Lille 2, EA 4610, France.
| | - Stéphanie Lejeune
- INSERM (French National Institute of Medical Research and Health), APHP (Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris), Clinical Investigation Center (CIC-9503), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS_975 unit, UPMC (Pierre and Marie Curie University), CNRS UMR7525 CR-ICM, Paris, France
| | - Florence Cormier-Dequaire
- INSERM (French National Institute of Medical Research and Health), APHP (Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris), Clinical Investigation Center (CIC-9503), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS_975 unit, UPMC (Pierre and Marie Curie University), CNRS UMR7525 CR-ICM, Paris, France
| | - Khadija Tahiri
- INSERM, UMRS_975 unit, UPMC (Pierre and Marie Curie University), CNRS UMR7525 CR-ICM, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Charbonnier-Beaupel
- INSERM, UMRS_975 unit, UPMC (Pierre and Marie Curie University), CNRS UMR7525 CR-ICM, Paris, France; APHP (Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, France; APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Rouaix
- Lille Nord de France University, Department of Molecular Biology, Lille University Medical Center, France
| | - Alain Duhamel
- Lille Nord de France University, Department of Molecular Biology, Lille University Medical Center, France
| | - Bernard Sablonnière
- Lille Nord de France University, Department of Molecular Biology, Lille University Medical Center, France
| | | | - Cecilia Bonnet
- INSERM (French National Institute of Medical Research and Health), APHP (Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris), Clinical Investigation Center (CIC-9503), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Noel Zahr
- APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Paris, France
| | - Jean Costentin
- University of Rouen, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Rouen, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- INSERM (French National Institute of Medical Research and Health), APHP (Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris), Clinical Investigation Center (CIC-9503), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS_975 unit, UPMC (Pierre and Marie Curie University), CNRS UMR7525 CR-ICM, Paris, France; APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Neurology, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- INSERM (French National Institute of Medical Research and Health), APHP (Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris), Clinical Investigation Center (CIC-9503), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS_975 unit, UPMC (Pierre and Marie Curie University), CNRS UMR7525 CR-ICM, Paris, France; APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Neurology, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Toma C, Hervás A, Balmaña N, Salgado M, Maristany M, Vilella E, Aguilera F, Orejuela C, Cuscó I, Gallastegui F, Pérez-Jurado LA, Caballero-Andaluz R, Diego-Otero YD, Guzmán-Alvarez G, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Ribasés M, Bayés M, Cormand B. Neurotransmitter systems and neurotrophic factors in autism: association study of 37 genes suggests involvement of DDC. World J Biol Psychiatry 2013; 14:516-27. [PMID: 22397633 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2011.602719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neurotransmitter systems and neurotrophic factors can be considered strong candidates for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems are involved in neurotransmission, brain maturation and cortical organization, while neurotrophic factors (NTFs) participate in neurodevelopment, neuronal survival and synapses formation. We aimed to test the contribution of these candidate pathways to autism through a case-control association study of genes selected both for their role in central nervous system functions and for pathophysiological evidences. METHODS The study sample consisted of 326 unrelated autistic patients and 350 gender-matched controls from Spain. We genotyped 369 tagSNPs to perform a case-control association study of 37 candidate genes. RESULTS A significant association was obtained between the DDC gene and autism in the single-marker analysis (rs6592961, P = 0.00047). Haplotype-based analysis pinpointed a four-marker combination in this gene associated with the disorder (rs2329340C-rs2044859T-rs6592961A-rs11761683T, P = 4.988e-05). No significant results were obtained for the remaining genes after applying multiple testing corrections. However, the rs167771 marker in DRD3, associated with ASD in a previous study, displayed a nominal association in our analysis (P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that common allelic variants in the DDC gene may be involved in autism susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Toma
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona , Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wilkins JF, Úbeda F. Diseases associated with genomic imprinting. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 101:401-45. [PMID: 21507360 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387685-0.00013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is the phenomenon where the expression of a locus differs between the maternally and paternally inherited alleles. Typically, this manifests as transcriptional silencing of one of the alleles, although many genes are imprinted in a tissue- or isoform-specific manner. Diseases associated with imprinted genes include various cancers, disorders of growth and metabolism, and disorders in neurodevelopment, cognition, and behavior, including certain major psychiatric disorders. In many cases, the disease phenotypes associated with dysfunction at particular imprinted loci can be understood in terms of the evolutionary processes responsible for the origin of imprinting. Imprinted gene expression represents the outcome of an intragenomic evolutionary conflict, where natural selection favors different expression strategies for maternally and paternally inherited alleles. This conflict is reasonably well understood in the context of the early growth effects of imprinted genes, where paternally inherited alleles are selected to place a greater demand on maternal resources than are maternally inherited alleles. Less well understood are the origins of imprinted gene expression in the brain, and their effects on cognition and behavior. This chapter reviews the genetic diseases that are associated with imprinted genes, framed in terms of the evolutionary pressures acting on gene expression at those loci. We begin by reviewing the phenomenon and evolutionary origins of genomic imprinting. We then discuss diseases that are associated with genetic or epigenetic defects at particular imprinted loci, many of which are associated with abnormalities in growth and/or feeding behaviors that can be understood in terms of the asymmetric pressures of natural selection on maternally and paternally inherited alleles. We next described the evidence for imprinted gene effects on adult cognition and behavior, and the possible role of imprinted genes in the etiology of certain major psychiatric disorders. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of how imprinting, and the evolutionary-genetic conflicts that underlie it, may enhance both the frequency and morbidity of certain types of diseases.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kernohan KD, Jiang Y, Tremblay DC, Bonvissuto AC, Eubanks JH, Mann MRW, Bérubé NG. ATRX partners with cohesin and MeCP2 and contributes to developmental silencing of imprinted genes in the brain. Epigenomics 2010; 2:743-63. [PMID: 20159591 DOI: 10.2217/epi.10.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human developmental disorders caused by chromatin dysfunction often display overlapping clinical manifestations, such as cognitive deficits, but the underlying molecular links are poorly defined. Here, we show that ATRX, MeCP2, and cohesin, chromatin regulators implicated in ATR-X, RTT, and CdLS syndromes, respectively, interact in the brain and colocalize at the H19 imprinting control region (ICR) with preferential binding on the maternal allele. Importantly, we show that ATRX loss of function alters enrichment of cohesin, CTCF, and histone modifications at the H19 ICR, without affecting DNA methylation on the paternal allele. ATRX also affects cohesin, CTCF, and MeCP2 occupancy within the Gtl2/Dlk1 imprinted domain. Finally, we show that loss of ATRX interferes with the postnatal silencing of the maternal H19 gene along with a larger network of imprinted genes. We propose that ATRX, cohesin, and MeCP2 cooperate to silence a subset of imprinted genes in the postnatal mouse brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin D Kernohan
- Department of Paediatrics, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase expression profiling and isoform detection in the developing porcine brain. Brain Res 2010; 1308:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
17
|
Logue MW, Durner M, Heiman GA, Hodge SE, Hamilton SP, Knowles JA, Fyer AJ, Weissman MM. A linkage search for joint panic disorder/bipolar genes. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2009; 150B:1139-46. [PMID: 19308964 PMCID: PMC3058784 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is comorbidity and a possible genetic connection between Bipolar disease (BP) and panic disorder (PD). Genes may exist that increase risk to both PD and BP. We explored this possibility using data from a linkage study of PD (120 multiplex families; 37 had > or =1 BP member). We calculated 2-point lodscores maximized over male and female recombination fractions by classifying individuals with PD and/or BP as affected (PD + BP). Additionally, to shed light on possible heterogeneity, we examine the pedigrees containing a bipolar member (BP+) separately from those that do not (BP-), using a Predivided-Sample Test (PST). Linkage evidence for common genes for PD + BP was obtained on chromosomes 2 (lodscore = 4.6) and chromosome 12 (lodscore = 3.6). These locations had already been implicated using a PD-only diagnosis, although at both locations this was larger when a joint PD + BP diagnosis was used. Examining the BP+ families and BP- families separately indicates that both BP+ and BP- pedigrees are contributing to the peaks on chromosomes 2 and 12. However, the PST indicates different evidence of linkage is obtained from BP+ and BP- pedigrees on chromosome 13. Our findings are consistent with risk loci for the combined PD + BP phenotype on chromosomes 2 and 12. We also obtained evidence of heterogeneity on chromosome 13. The regions on chromosomes 12 and 13 identified here have previously been implicated as regions of interest for multiple psychiatric disorders, including BP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Logue
- Genetics Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martina Durner
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Gary A. Heiman
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Susan E. Hodge
- Division of Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, Department of Psychiatry College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Steven P. Hamilton
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - James A. Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Abby J. Fyer
- Department of Psychiatry College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Myrna M. Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, Columbia Genome Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York,Correspondence to: Myrna M. Weissman, College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University, NYS Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive Unit 24, New York, NY 10032.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite effective pharmacological treatments for bipolar disorder, we still lack a comprehensive pathophysiological model of the illness. Recent neurobiological research has implicated a number of key brain regions and neuronal components in the behavioural and cognitive manifestations of bipolar disorder. Dopamine has previously been investigated in some depth in bipolar disorder, but of late has not been a primary focus of attention. This article examines the role of dopamine in bipolar disorder, incorporating recent advances into established models where possible. METHODS A critical evaluation of the literature was undertaken, including a review of behavioural, neurochemical, receptor, and imaging studies, as well as genetic studies focusing on dopamine receptors and related metabolic pathways. In addition, pharmacologic manipulation of the central dopaminergic pathways and comparisons with other disease states such as schizophrenia were considered, principally as a means of exploring the hypothesised models. RESULTS Multiple lines of evidence, including data from pharmacological interventions and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, suggest that the dopaminergic system may play a central role in bipolar disorder. CONCLUSION Future research into the pathophysiological mechanisms of bipolar disorder and the development of new treatments for bipolar disorder should focus on the dopaminergic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Cousins
- Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Anney RJL, Hawi Z, Sheehan K, Mulligan A, Pinto C, Brookes KJ, Xu X, Zhou K, Franke B, Buitelaar J, Vermeulen SH, Banaschewski T, Sonuga-Barke E, Ebstein R, Manor I, Miranda A, Mulas F, Oades RD, Roeyers H, Rommelse N, Rothenberger A, Sergeant J, Steinhausen HC, Taylor E, Thompson M, Asherson P, Faraone SV, Gill M. Parent of origin effects in attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): analysis of data from the international multicenter ADHD genetics (IMAGE) program. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008; 147B:1495-500. [PMID: 18163388 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There are conflicting reports suggesting that the parental origin of transmitted risk alleles may play a role in the etiology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A recent report by Hawi and colleagues observed a generalized paternal over-transmission of alleles associated with ADHD. This was not replicated in more recent studies. Using data from a large multicenter study we examined the overall and gene-specific parent of origin effect in 554 independent SNPs across 47 genes. Transmission disequilibrium and explicit parent of origin test were performed using PLINK. Overall parent of origin effect was tested by Chi-square. There was no overall parent of origin effect in the IMAGE sample (chi(1)(2) = 1.82, P = 0.117). Five markers in three genes, DDC, TPH2, and SLC6A2 showed nominal association (P < 0.01) with ADHD combined subtype when restricted to maternal or paternal transmission only. Following the initial report by Hawi and co-workers three studies, including this one, found no evidence to support an overall parent of origin effect for markers associated with ADHD. We cannot however, exclude gene-specific parent of origin effect in the etiology ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J L Anney
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Serretti A, Mandelli L. The genetics of bipolar disorder: genome 'hot regions,' genes, new potential candidates and future directions. Mol Psychiatry 2008; 13:742-71. [PMID: 18332878 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BP) is a complex disorder caused by a number of liability genes interacting with the environment. In recent years, a large number of linkage and association studies have been conducted producing an extremely large number of findings often not replicated or partially replicated. Further, results from linkage and association studies are not always easily comparable. Unfortunately, at present a comprehensive coverage of available evidence is still lacking. In the present paper, we summarized results obtained from both linkage and association studies in BP. Further, we indicated new potential interesting genes, located in genome 'hot regions' for BP and being expressed in the brain. We reviewed published studies on the subject till December 2007. We precisely localized regions where positive linkage has been found, by the NCBI Map viewer (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/); further, we identified genes located in interesting areas and expressed in the brain, by the Entrez gene, Unigene databases (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/) and Human Protein Reference Database (http://www.hprd.org); these genes could be of interest in future investigations. The review of association studies gave interesting results, as a number of genes seem to be definitively involved in BP, such as SLC6A4, TPH2, DRD4, SLC6A3, DAOA, DTNBP1, NRG1, DISC1 and BDNF. A number of promising genes, which received independent confirmations, and genes that have to be further investigated in BP, have been also systematically listed. In conclusion, the combination of linkage and association approaches provided a number of liability genes. Nevertheless, other approaches are required to disentangle conflicting findings, such as gene interaction analyses, interaction with psychosocial and environmental factors and, finally, endophenotype investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Serretti
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Davies W, Lynn PMY, Relkovic D, Wilkinson LS. Imprinted genes and neuroendocrine function. Front Neuroendocrinol 2008; 29:413-27. [PMID: 18206218 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Imprinted genes are monoallelically expressed in a parent-of-origin dependent manner. Whilst the full functional repertoire of these genes remains obscure, they are generally highly expressed in the brain and are often involved in fundamental neural processes. Besides influencing brain neurochemistry, imprinted genes are important in the development and function of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, key sites of neuroendocrine regulation. Moreover, imprinted genes may directly modulate hormone-dependent signalling cascades, both in the brain and elsewhere. Much of our knowledge about imprinted gene function has come from studying knockout mice and human disorders of imprinting. One such disorder is Prader-Willi syndrome, a neuroendocrine disorder characterised by hypothalamic abnormalities and aberrant feeding behaviour. Through examining the role of imprinted genes in neuroendocrine function, it may be possible to shed light on the neurobiological basis of feeding and aspects of social behaviour and underlying cognition, and to provide insights into disorders where these functions go awry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Davies
- Behavioural Genetics Group, Department of Psychological Medicine and School of Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Menheniott TR, Woodfine K, Schulz R, Wood AJ, Monk D, Giraud AS, Baldwin HS, Moore GE, Oakey RJ. Genomic imprinting of Dopa decarboxylase in heart and reciprocal allelic expression with neighboring Grb10. Mol Cell Biol 2008; 28:386-96. [PMID: 17967881 PMCID: PMC2223316 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00862-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
By combining a tissue-specific microarray screen with mouse uniparental duplications, we have identified a novel imprinted gene, Dopa decarboxylase (Ddc), on chromosome 11. Ddc_exon1a is a 2-kb transcript variant that initiates from an alternative first exon in intron 1 of the canonical Ddc transcript and is paternally expressed in trabecular cardiomyocytes of the embryonic and neonatal heart. Ddc displays tight conserved linkage with the maternally expressed and methylated Grb10 gene, suggesting that these reciprocally imprinted genes may be coordinately regulated. In Dnmt3L mutant embryos that lack maternal germ line methylation imprints, we show that Ddc is overexpressed and Grb10 is silenced. Their imprinting is therefore dependent on maternal germ line methylation, but the mechanism at Ddc does not appear to involve differential methylation of the Ddc_exon1a promoter region and may instead be provided by the oocyte mark at Grb10. Our analysis of Ddc redefines the imprinted Grb10 domain on mouse proximal chromosome 11 and identifies Ddc_exon1a as the first example of a heart-specific imprinted gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevelyan R Menheniott
- King's College London, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, 8th Floor Guy's Tower, London SE1 9RT, England
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
McGowan PO, Kato T. Epigenetics in mood disorders. Environ Health Prev Med 2008; 13:16-24. [PMID: 19568875 PMCID: PMC2698240 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-007-0002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression develops as an interaction between stress and an individual's vulnerability to stress. The effect of early life stress and a gene-environment interaction may play a role in the development of stress vulnerability as a risk factor for depression. The epigenetic regulation of the promoter of the glucocorticoid receptor gene has been suggested as a molecular basis of such stress vulnerability. It has also been suggested that antidepressive treatment, such as antidepressant medication and electroconvulsive therapy, may be mediated by histone modification on the promoter of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene. Clinical genetic studies in bipolar disorder suggest the role of genomic imprinting, although no direct molecular evidence of this has been reported. The role of DNA methylation in mood regulation is indicated by the antimanic effect of valproate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and the antidepressive effect of S-adenosyl methionine, a methyl donor in DNA methylation. Studies of postmortem brains of patients have implicated altered DNA meA methylation of the promoter region of membrane-bound catechol-O-methyltransferase in bipolar disorder. An altered DNA methylation status of PPIEL (peptidylprolyl isomerase E-like) was found in a pair of monozygotic twins discordant for bipolar disorder. Hypomethylation of PPIEL was also found in patients with bipolar II disorder in a case control analysis. These fragmentary findings suggest the possible role of epigenetics in mood disorders. Further studies of epigenetics in mood disorders are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O. McGowan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Genomic imprinting and human psychology: cognition, behavior and pathology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 626:71-88. [PMID: 18372792 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-77576-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Imprinted genes expressed in the brain are numerous and it has become clear that they play an important role in nervous system development and function. The significant influence of genomic imprinting during development sets the stage for structural and physiological variations affecting psychological function and behaviour, as well as other physiological systems mediating health and well-being. However, our understanding of the role of imprinted genes in behaviour lags far behind our understanding of their roles in perinatal growth and development. Knowledge of genomic imprinting remains limited among behavioral scientists and clinicians and research regarding the influence of imprinted genes on normal cognitive processes and the most common forms of neuropathology has been limited to date. In this chapter, we will explore how knowledge of genomic imprinting can be used to inform our study of normal human cognitive and behavioral processes as well as their disruption. Behavioural analyses of rare imprinted disorders, such as Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes, provide insight regarding the phenotypic impact of imprinted genes in the brain, and can be used to guide the study of normal behaviour as well as more common but etiologically complex disorders such as ADHD and autism. Furthermore, hypotheses regarding the evolutionary development of imprinted genes can be used to derive predictions about their role in normal behavioural variation, such as that observed in food-related and social interactions.
Collapse
|
25
|
Thifault S, Ondrej S, Sun Y, Fortin A, Skamene E, Lalonde R, Tremblay J, Hamet P. Genetic determinants of emotionality and stress response in AcB/BcA recombinant congenic mice and in silico evidence of convergence with cardiovascular candidate genes. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 17:331-44. [PMID: 17913702 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic loci bearing stress-related phenotypes were dissected in recombinant congenic strains (RCS) of mice with C57BL/6J (B6) and A/J progenitors. Adult male mice from 14 A/J and 22 B6 background lines were evaluated for emotional reactivity in open-field (OF) and elevated plus-maze tests. Core temperature was monitored by radio telemetry during immobilization and on standard as well as salt-enriched diets. In addition, urinary electrolytes were measured. Genome-wide linkage analysis of the parameters revealed over 20 significant quantitative trait loci (QTL). The highest logarithm of odds (LOD) scores were within the previously-reported OF emotionality locus on Chr 1 (LOD = 4.6), in the dopa decarboxylase region on Chr 11 for the plus-maze (LOD = 4.7), and within a novel region of calmodulin 1 on Chr 12 for Ca++ excretion after a 24-h salt load (LOD = 4.6). RCS stress QTL overlapped with several candidate loci for cardiovascular (CV) disease. In silico evidence of functional polymorphisms by comparative sequence analysis of progenitor strains assisted to ascertain this convergence. The anxious BcA70 strain showed down regulation of Atp1a2 gene expression in the heart (P < 0.001) and brain (P < 0.05) compared with its parental B6 strain, compatible with the enhanced emotionality described in knock out animals for this gene, also involved in the salt-sensitive component of hypertension. Functional polymorphisms in regulatory elements of candidate genes of the CV/inflammatory/immune systems support the hypothesis of genetically-altered environmental susceptibility in CV disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Thifault
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal-Technopôle Angus, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Goos LM, Ezzatian P, Schachar R. Parent-of-origin effects in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res 2007; 149:1-9. [PMID: 17129611 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2006.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Revised: 06/05/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to investigate parent-of-origin effects in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Parent-of-origin effects in ADHD may be due to differences in the relative quantity of risk factors transmitted by each parent. Alternatively, parent-of-origin effects may be produced by qualitative differences in the risks transmitted, such as those carried on the sex chromosomes or regulated by genomic imprinting. 60 children with maternal-only history of ADHD and 131 children with paternal-only history of ADHD were compared on three domains for which prior evidence suggested parent-of-origin effects may exist: core symptoms, disruptive behaviours and depression. Dependent variables were derived from previously validated, age-appropriate and standardized parent and teacher interviews and questionnaires. Depression levels were rated using the Child Depression Inventory. Consistent with previous research and the predictions derived from threshold models of ADHD etiology, the maternal history group received higher ratings of behavioural disorder (ADHD, conduct disorder and oppositional symptoms) than the paternal history group. Parent-of-origin effects were also observed for depression, with the paternal history group rating themselves as significantly more depressed than children in the maternal history group, particularly girls. Heightened paternal transmission relative to maternal is suggestive of genomic imprinting, and the interaction with proband sex indicates the involvement of the sex chromosomes or sex-specific physiological or hormonal factors. Interpretations of these data in terms of environmental and genetic factors, including epigenetic and sex-linked hypotheses, are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Goos
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Severinsen JE, Bjarkam CR, Kiaer-Larsen S, Olsen IM, Nielsen MM, Blechingberg J, Nielsen AL, Holm IE, Foldager L, Young BD, Muir WJ, Blackwood DHR, Corydon TJ, Mors O, Børglum AD. Evidence implicating BRD1 with brain development and susceptibility to both schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11:1126-38. [PMID: 16924267 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Linkage studies suggest that chromosome 22q12-13 may contain one or more shared susceptibility genes for schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar affective disorder (BPD). In a Faeroese sample, we previously reported association between microsatellite markers located at 22q13.31-qtel and both disorders. The present study reports an association analysis across five genes (including 14 single nucleotide and two microsatellite polymorphisms) in this interval using a case-control sample of 162 BPD, 103 SZ patients and 200 controls. The bromodomain-containing 1 gene (BRD1), which encodes a putative regulator of transcription showed association with both disorders with minimal P-values of 0.0046 and 0.00001 for single marker and overall haplotype analysis, respectively. A specific BRD1 2-marker 'risk' haplotype showed a frequency of approximately 10% in the combined case group versus approximately 1% in controls (P-value 2.8 x 10(-7)). Expression analysis of BRD1 mRNA revealed widespread expression in mammalian brain tissue, which was substantiated by immunohistochemical detection of BRD1 protein in the nucleus, perikaryal cytosol and proximal dendrites of the neurons in the adult rat, rabbit and human CNS. Quantitative mRNA analysis in developing fetal pig brain revealed spatiotemporal differences with high expression at early embryonic stages, with intense nuclear and cytosolar immunohistochemical staining of the neuroepithelial layer and early neuroblasts, whilst more mature neurons at later embryonic stages had less nuclear staining. The results implicate BRD1 with SZ and BPD susceptibility and provide evidence that suggests a role for BRD1 in neurodevelopment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Severinsen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Severinsen JE, Als TD, Binderup H, Kruse TA, Wang AG, Vang M, Muir WJ, Blackwood DHR, Mors O, Børglum AD. Association analyses suggest GPR24 as a shared susceptibility gene for bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2006; 141B:524-33. [PMID: 16741940 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Linkage analyses suggest that chromosome 22q12-13 may harbor a shared susceptibility locus for bipolar affective disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia (SZ). In a study of a sample from the Faeroe Islands we have previously reported association between both disorders and microsatellite markers in a 3.6 cM segment on 22q13. The present study investigated three candidate genes located in this segment: GPR24, ADSL, and ST13. Nine SNPs located in these genes and one microsatellite marker (D22S279) were applied in an association analysis of two samples: an extension of the previously analyzed Faeroese sample comprising 28 distantly related cases (17 BPD, 11 SZ subjects) and 44 controls, and a Scottish sample including 162 patients with BPD, 103 with SZ, and 200 controls. In both samples significant associations were observed in both disorders with predominantly GPR24 SNPs and haplotypes. In the Faeroese sample overall P-values of 0.0009, 0.0054, and 0.0023 were found for haplotypes in BPD, SZ, and combined cases, respectively, and in the Scottish sample overall P-values of 0.0003, 0.0005, and 0.016 were observed for similar groupings. Specific haplotypes showed associations with lowest P-values of 7 x 10(-5) and 0.0006 in the combined group of cases from the Faeroe Islands and Scotland, respectively. The G protein-coupled receptor 24 encoded by GPR24 binds melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and has been implicated with feeding behavior, energy metabolism, and regulation of stress and mood. To our knowledge this is the first study reporting association between GPR24 and BPD and SZ, suggesting that GPR24 variants may confer susceptibility to both disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Severinsen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yu Y, Panhuysen C, Kranzler HR, Hesselbrock V, Rounsaville B, Weiss R, Brady K, Farrer LA, Gelernter J. Intronic variants in the dopa decarboxylase (
DDC
) gene are associated with smoking behavior in European-Americans and African-Americans. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15:2192-9. [PMID: 16740595 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here a study considering association of alleles and haplotypes at the DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) locus with the DSM-IV diagnosis of nicotine dependence (ND) or a quantitative measure for ND using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). We genotyped 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning a region of approximately 210 kb that includes DDC and the genes immediately flanking DDC in 1,590 individuals from 621 families of African-American (AA) or European-American (EA) ancestry. Evidence of association (family-based tests) was observed with several SNPs for both traits (0.0002<or=P<or=0.04). The most significant result was obtained for the relationship of FTND score to SNP rs12718541 (AA families: P=0.002; EA families: P=0.03; all families: P=0.0002) which is in the same intron as the splice site for a neuronal isoform of human DDC lacking exons 10-15. Haplotype analysis did not reveal any SNP combination with stronger evidence for association than rs12718541 alone. Although sequence analysis suggests that rs12718541 may be an intronic splicing enhancer, further studies are needed to determine whether a direct link exists between an alternatively spliced form of DDC and predisposition to ND. These findings confirm a previous report of association of DDC with ND, localize the causative variants to the 3' end of the coding region and extend the association to multiple population groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Department of Medicine, Genetics Program, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ma JZ, Beuten J, Payne TJ, Dupont RT, Elston RC, Li MD. Haplotype analysis indicates an association between the DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) gene and nicotine dependence. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14:1691-8. [PMID: 15879433 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
DOPA decarboxylase (DDC; also known as L-amino acid decarboxylase; AADC) is involved in the synthesis of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin. Because the mesolimbic dopaminergic system is implicated in the reinforcing effects of many drugs, including nicotine, the DDC gene is considered a plausible candidate for involvement in the development of vulnerability to nicotine dependence (ND). Further, this gene is located within the 7p11 region that showed a 'suggestive linkage' to ND in our previous genome-wide scan in the Framingham Heart Study population. In the present study, we tested eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within DDC for association with ND, which was assessed by smoking quantity (SQ), the heaviness of smoking index (HSI) and the Fagerstrom test for ND (FTND) score, in a total of 2037 smokers and non-smokers from 602 nuclear families of African- or European-American (AA or EA, respectively) ancestry. Association analysis for individual SNPs using the PBAT-GEE program indicated that SNP rs921451 was significantly associated with two of the three adjusted ND measures in the EA sample (P=0.01-0.04). Haplotype-based association analysis revealed a protective T-G-T-G haplotype for rs921451-rs3735273-rs1451371-rs2060762 in the AA sample, which was significantly associated with all three adjusted ND measures after correction for multiple testing (min Z=-2.78, P=0.006 for HSI). In contrast, we found a high-risk T-G-T-G haplotype for a different SNP combination in the EA sample, rs921451-rs3735273-rs1451371-rs3757472, which showed a significant association after Bonferroni correction with the SQ and FTND score (max Z=2.73, P=0.005 for FTND). In summary, our findings provide the first evidence for the involvement of DDC in the susceptibility to ND and, further, reveal the racial specificity of its impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Z Ma
- Program in Genomics and Bioinformatics on Drug Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jurata LW, Bukhman YV, Charles V, Capriglione F, Bullard J, Lemire AL, Mohammed A, Pham Q, Laeng P, Brockman JA, Altar CA. Comparison of microarray-based mRNA profiling technologies for identification of psychiatric disease and drug signatures. J Neurosci Methods 2004; 138:173-88. [PMID: 15325126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2003] [Revised: 03/31/2004] [Accepted: 04/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The gene expression profiles of human postmortem parietal and prefrontal cortex samples of normal controls and patients with bipolar disease, or human neuroblastoma flat (NBFL) cells treated with the mood-stabilizing drug, valproate, were used to compare the performance of Affymetrix oligonucleotide U133A GeneChips and Agilent Human 1 cDNA microarrays. Among those genes represented on both platforms, the oligo array identified 26-53% more differentially expressed genes compared to the cDNA array in the three experiments, when identical fold change and t-test criteria were applied. The increased sensitivity was primarily the result of more robust fold changes measured by the oligonucleotide system. Essentially all gene changes overlapping between the two platforms were co-directional, and ranged from 4 to 19% depending upon the amount of biological variability within and between the comparison groups. Q-PCR validation rates were virtually identical for the two platforms, with 23-24% validation in the prefrontal cortex experiment, and 56% for both platforms in the cell culture experiment. Validated genes included dopa decarboxylase, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, and dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 3, which were decreased in NBFL cells exposed to valproate, and spinocerebellar ataxia 7, which was increased in bipolar disease. The modest overlap but similar validation rates show that each microarray system identifies a unique set of differentially expressed genes, and thus the greatest information is obtained from the use of both platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda W Jurata
- Psychiatric Genomics Inc., 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
O Transtorno bipolar (TB) possui alta prevalência na população mundial e causa perdas significativas na vida dos portadores. É uma doença cuja herança genética se caracteriza por mecanismos complexos de transmissão envolvendo múltiplos genes. Na tentativa de identificar genes de vulnerabilidade para o TB, várias estratégias de investigação genética têm sido utilizadas. Estudos de ligação apontam diversas regiões cromossômicas potencialmente associadas ao TB, cujos marcadores ou genes podem ser candidatos para os estudos de associação. Genes associados aos sistemas monoaminérgicos e vias de sinalização intracelulares são candidatos para investigação da etiologia genética do TB. Novas técnicas de mapeamento de expressão gênica em tecidos especializados apontam para novos genes cujas mutações possam ser responsáveis pelo aparecimento da doença. Em virtude da complexidade do modo de transmissão do TB e de sua heterogeneidade fenotípica, muitas dificuldades são encontradas na determinação desses genes de vulnerabilidade. Até o momento, há apenas resultados preliminares identificando alguns genes associados à vulnerabilidade para desenvolver o TB. Entretanto, a compreensão crescente dos mecanismos epigenéticos de controle da expressão gênica e a abordagem dimensional dos transtornos mentais podem colaborar nas investigações futuras em genética psiquiátrica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Michelon
- Department de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo
| | | |
Collapse
|