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Rajabi F, Jabalameli N, Rezaei N. The Concept of Immunogenetics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:1-17. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McClain L, Mansour H, Ibrahim I, Klei L, Fathi W, Wood J, Kodavali C, Maysterchuk A, Wood S, El-Chennawi F, Ibrahim N, Eissa A, El-Bahaei W, El Sayed H, Yassein A, Tobar S, El-Boraie H, El-Sheshtawy E, Salah H, Ali A, Erdin S, Devlin B, Talkowski M, Nimgaonkar V. Age dependent association of inbreeding with risk for schizophrenia in Egypt. Schizophr Res 2020; 216:450-459. [PMID: 31928911 PMCID: PMC8054776 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-reported consanguinity is associated with risk for schizophrenia (SZ) in several inbred populations, but estimates using DNA-based coefficients of inbreeding are unavailable. Further, it is not known whether recessively inherited risk mutations can be identified through homozygosity by descent (HBD) mapping. METHODS We studied self-reported and DNA-based estimates of inbreeding among Egyptian patients with SZ (n = 421, DSM IV criteria) and adult controls without psychosis (n = 301), who were evaluated using semi-structured diagnostic interview schedules and genotyped using the Illumina Infinium PsychArray. Following quality control checks, coefficients of inbreeding (F) and regions of homozygosity (ROH) were estimated using PLINK software for HBD analysis. Exome sequencing was conducted in selected cases. RESULTS Inbreeding was associated with schizophrenia based on self-reported consanguinity (χ2 = 4.506, 1 df, p = 0.034) and DNA-based estimates for inbreeding (F); the latter with a significant F × age interaction (β = 32.34, p = 0.0047). The association was most notable among patients older than age 40 years. Eleven ROH were over-represented in cases on chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 11, and 14; all but one region is novel for schizophrenia risk. Exome sequencing identified six recessively-acting genes in ROH with loss-of-function variants; one of which causes primary hereditary microcephaly. CONCLUSIONS We propose consanguinity as an age-dependent risk factor for SZ in Egypt. HBD mapping is feasible for SZ in adequately powered samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora McClain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hader Mansour
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ibtihal Ibrahim
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Lambertus Klei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Warda Fathi
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Joel Wood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chowdari Kodavali
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alina Maysterchuk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shawn Wood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Farha El-Chennawi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nahed Ibrahim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ahmed Eissa
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Wafaa El-Bahaei
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanan El Sayed
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amal Yassein
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Salwa Tobar
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hala El-Boraie
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman El-Sheshtawy
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hala Salah
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University Student Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Serkan Erdin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Talkowski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vishwajit Nimgaonkar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Quezada H, Guzmán-Ortiz AL, Díaz-Sánchez H, Valle-Rios R, Aguirre-Hernández J. Omics-based biomarkers: current status and potential use in the clinic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmhime.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Omics-based biomarkers: current status and potential use in the clinic. BOLETIN MEDICO DEL HOSPITAL INFANTIL DE MEXICO 2017; 74:219-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmhimx.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Sprooten E, Gupta CN, Knowles EEM, McKay DR, Mathias SR, Curran JE, Kent JW, Carless MA, Almeida MA, Dyer TD, Göring HHH, Olvera RL, Kochunov P, Fox PT, Duggirala R, Almasy L, Calhoun VD, Blangero J, Turner JA, Glahn DC. Genome-wide significant linkage of schizophrenia-related neuroanatomical trait to 12q24. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168:678-86. [PMID: 26440917 PMCID: PMC4639444 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The insula and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) share functional, histological, transcriptional, and developmental characteristics, and they serve higher cognitive functions of theoretical relevance to schizophrenia and related disorders. Meta-analyses and multivariate analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans indicate that gray matter density and volume reductions in schizophrenia are the most consistent and pronounced in a network primarily composed of the insula and mPFC. We used source-based morphometry, a multivariate technique optimized for structural MRI, in a large sample of randomly ascertained pedigrees (N = 887) to derive an insula-mPFC component and to investigate its genetic determinants. Firstly, we replicated the insula-mPFC gray matter component as an independent source of gray matter variation in the general population, and verified its relevance to schizophrenia in an independent case-control sample. Secondly, we showed that the neuroanatomical variation defined by this component is largely determined by additive genetic variation (h(2) = 0.59), and genome-wide linkage analysis resulted in a significant linkage peak at 12q24 (LOD = 3.76). This region has been of significant interest to psychiatric genetics as it contains the Darier's disease locus and other proposed susceptibility genes (e.g., DAO, NOS1), and it has been linked to affective disorders and schizophrenia in multiple populations. Thus, in conjunction with previous clinical studies, our data imply that one or more psychiatric risk variants at 12q24 are co-inherited with reductions in mPFC and insula gray matter concentration. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, CT
| | | | - Emma EM Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, CT
| | - D Reese McKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, CT
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, CT
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Jack W Kent
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Melanie A Carless
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Marcio A Almeida
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Thomas D Dyer
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Harald HH Göring
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Rene L Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
,The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM
,Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Jessica A Turner
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM
,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, CT
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Ortiz R, Ulrich H, Zarate CA, Machado-Vieira R. Purinergic system dysfunction in mood disorders: a key target for developing improved therapeutics. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 57:117-31. [PMID: 25445063 PMCID: PMC4262688 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid and purines (such as adenosine) regulate mood, sleep, activity, appetite, cognition, memory, convulsive threshold, social interaction, drive, and impulsivity. A link between purinergic dysfunction and mood disorders was first proposed a century ago. Interestingly, a recent nationwide population-based study showed elevated risk of gout in subjects with bipolar disorder (BD), and a recent meta-analysis and systematic review of placebo-controlled trials of adjuvant purinergic modulators confirmed their benefits in bipolar mania. Uric acid may modulate energy and activity levels, with higher levels associated with higher energy and BD spectrum. Several recent genetic studies suggest that the purinergic system - particularly the modulation of P1 and P2 receptor subtypes - plays a role in mood disorders, lending credence to this model. Nucleotide concentrations can be measured using brain spectroscopy, and ligands for in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of adenosine (P1) receptors have been developed, thus allowing potential target engagement studies. This review discusses the key role of the purinergic system in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Focusing on this promising therapeutic target may lead to the development of therapies with antidepressant, mood stabilization, and cognitive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Ortiz
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departament of Biochemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neuroscience, LIM27, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Mansour H, Chowdari K, Fathi W, Elassy M, Ibrahim I, Wood J, Bamne M, Tobar S, Yassin A, Salah H, Elsayed H, Eissa A, El-Boraie H, Ibrahim NE, Elsayed M, El-Bahaei W, Gomaa Z, El-Chennawi F, Nimgaonkar VL. Does telomere length mediate associations between inbreeding and increased risk for bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia? Psychiatry Res 2011; 188:129-32. [PMID: 21300409 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have recently found that consanguinity is a risk factor for bipolar I disorder (BP1) and schizophrenia (SZ) in Egypt. Inbreeding has been associated with increased cellular stress and impaired physiological function in plants and animals. Previous studies have reported that telomere length (TL), an index of oxidative stress and cellular senescence is significantly reduced among patients with SZ or mood disorders compared with control individuals. Hence we evaluated TL as a possible mediator of the observed association between consanguinity and BP1/SZ risk. Patients with BP1 (n=108), or SZ (n=60) were compared with screened adult controls in separate experiments. TL was estimated using a quantitative PCR (qPCR) based assay. The inbreeding coefficient/consanguinity rate was estimated in two ways: using 64 DNA polymorphisms ('DNA-based' rate); and from family history data ('self report'). Significant correlation between TL and DNA based inbreeding was not observed overall, though suggestive trends were present among the SZ cases. No significant case-control differences in TL were found after controlling for demographic variables. In conclusion, reduced TL may not explain a significant proportion of observed associations between consanguinity and risk for BP1/SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hader Mansour
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Mathieu F, Dizier MH, Etain B, Jamain S, Rietschel M, Maier W, Albus M, McKeon P, Roche S, Blackwood D, Muir WJ, Henry C, Malafosse A, Preisig M, Ferrero F, Cichon S, Schumacher J, Ohlraun S, Propping P, Abou Jamra R, Schulze TG, Zelenica D, Charon C, Marusic A, Dernovsek MC, Gurling H, Nöthen M, Lathrop M, Leboyer M, Bellivier F. European collaborative study of early-onset bipolar disorder: Evidence for genetic heterogeneity on 2q14 according to age at onset. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:1425-33. [PMID: 20886542 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder has a genetic component, but the mode of inheritance remains unclear. A previous genome scan conducted in 70 European families led to detect eight regions linked to bipolar disease. Here, we present an investigation of whether the phenotypic heterogeneity of the disorder corresponds to genetic heterogeneity in these regions using additional markers and an extended sample of families. The MLS statistic was used for linkage analyses. The predivided sample test and the maximum likelihood binomial methods were used to test genetic homogeneity between early-onset bipolar type I (cut-off of 22 years) and other types of the disorder (later onset of bipolar type I and early-onset bipolar type II), using a total of 138 independent bipolar-affected sib-pairs. Analysis of the extended sample of families supports linkage in four regions (2q14, 3p14, 16p23, and 20p12) of the eight regions of linkage suggested by our previous genome scan. Heterogeneity testing revealed genetic heterogeneity between early and late-onset bipolar type I in the 2q14 region (P = 0.0001). Only the early form of the bipolar disorder but not the late form appeared to be linked to this region. This region may therefore include a genetic factor either specifically involved in the early-onset bipolar type I or only influencing the age at onset (AAO). Our findings illustrate that stratification according to AAO may be valuable for the identification of genetic vulnerability polymorphisms. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Mathieu
- INSERM, U 955, IMRB, Department of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry Genetics, Creteil, France.
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Oedegaard KJ, Greenwood TA, Lunde A, Fasmer OB, Akiskal HS, Kelsoe JR. A genome-wide linkage study of bipolar disorder and co-morbid migraine: replication of migraine linkage on chromosome 4q24, and suggestion of an overlapping susceptibility region for both disorders on chromosome 20p11. J Affect Disord 2010; 122:14-26. [PMID: 19819557 PMCID: PMC5660919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Migraine and Bipolar Disorder (BPAD) are clinically heterogeneous disorders of the brain with a significant, but complex, genetic component. Epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated a high degree of co-morbidity between migraine and BPAD. Several genome-wide linkage studies in BPAD and migraine have shown overlapping regions of linkage on chromosomes, and two functionally similar voltage-dependent calcium channels CACNA1A and CACNA1C have been identified in familial hemiplegic migraine and recently implicated in two whole genome BPAD association studies, respectively. We hypothesized that using migraine co-morbidity to look at subsets of BPAD families in a genetic linkage analysis would prove useful in identifying genetic susceptibility regions in both of these disorders. We used BPAD with co-morbid migraine as an alternative phenotype definition in a re-analysis of the NIMH Bipolar Genetics Initiative wave 4 data set. In this analysis we selected only those families in which at least two members were diagnosed with migraine by a doctor according to patients' reports. Nonparametric linkage analysis performed on 31 families segregating both BPAD and migraine identified a linkage signal on chromosome 4q24 for migraine (but not BPAD) with a peak LOD of 2.26. This region has previously been implicated in two independent migraine linkage studies. In addition we identified a locus on chromosome 20p11 with overlapping elevated LOD scores for both migraine (LOD=1.95) and BPAD (LOD=1.67) phenotypes. This region has previously been implicated in two BPAD linkage studies, and, interestingly, it harbors a known potassium dependant sodium/calcium exchanger gene, SLC24A3, that plays a critical role in neuronal calcium homeostasis. Our findings replicate a previously identified migraine linkage locus on chromosome 4 (not co-segregating with BPAD) in a sample of BPAD families with co-morbid migraine, and suggest a susceptibility locus on chromosome 20, harboring a gene for the migraine/BPAD phenotype. Together these data suggest that some genes may predispose to both bipolar disorder and migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Oedegaard
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, USA.
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Fullerton JM, Donald JA, Mitchell PB, Schofield PR. Two-dimensional genome scan identifies multiple genetic interactions in bipolar affective disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2010; 67:478-86. [PMID: 20022591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable psychiatric condition, the etiology of which remains largely unknown despite extensive efforts to identify susceptibility genes. Interactions between genes of small individual effect could partially explain the difficulties of traditional one-dimensional approaches to identify genetic risk factors. METHODS A nonparametric linkage (NPL) analysis of 65 Australian extended pedigrees containing 643 genotyped individuals (of whom 40% were diagnosed with affective disorder) was conducted. Chromosome-by-chromosome correlation analysis of family-specific NPL scores was conducted to detect evidence of genetic interaction. Interaction-specific multipoint NPL and permutation analysis was used to assess linkage interdependence, using family weights derived from the alternative interacting chromosome. Finally, a single nucleotide analysis of each interaction region was conducted using the publicly available genome-wide association, datasets (2933 cases, 2534 controls). RESULTS Significant NPL peaks were detected on chromosomes 2q24-33, 7q21-31, and 17q11-25 (Z = 3.12, 3.01, and 2.95 respectively), with four additional suggestive peaks identified. Four robust interchromosomal interaction clusters exceeding Bonferroni correction at alpha = .05 (uncorrected p < 5.38e-07) were detected on 11q23-25-2p15-12, 4q32-35-1p36, 12q23-24-4p16-15, and 20q13-9q21-22. This linkage interdependence was determined significant after permutation analysis (p = .002-.0002). A suggestive interaction was observed in the combined data on 2p14-11q23 (uncorrected p = 5.76E-10, Bonferroni corrected p = .068). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates a complex interplay between multiple loci underlying bipolar disorder susceptibility, and highlights the continuing usefulness of extended pedigrees in complex genetics. The challenge lies in the identification of specific gene interactions and their biological validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Fullerton
- Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
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Mansour H, Klei L, Wood J, Talkowski M, Chowdari K, Fathi W, Eissa A, Yassin A, Salah H, Tobar S, El-Boraie H, Gaafar H, Elassy M, Ibrahim NE, El-Bahaei W, Elsayed M, Shahda M, Sheshtawy EE, El-Boraie O, El-Chennawi F, Devlin B, Nimgaonkar VL. Consanguinity associated with increased risk for bipolar I disorder in Egypt. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2009; 150B:879-85. [PMID: 19152378 PMCID: PMC4904839 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to contrast rates of consanguinity among patients with bipolar I disorder (BP1) and controls in a population with customary consanguineous marriages (i.e., marriage between related individuals). Consanguinity increases risk for numerous monogenic and polygenic diseases. Whether the risk for BP1 increases with consanguinity has not been investigated systematically. Two independent studies were conducted in Egypt: (1) Case-control study 93 patients with BP1, 90 screened adult control individuals, and available parents. The inbreeding coefficient/consanguinity rate was estimated in two ways: using 64 DNA polymorphisms ("DNA-based" rate); and from family history data ("self report"); (2) Epidemiological survey: total of 1,584 individuals were screened, from whom self-reported consanguinity data were obtained for identified BP1 cases (n = 35) and 150 randomly selected, unaffected control individuals. DNA-based consanguinity rates showed significant case-control differences (P = 0.0039). Self-reported consanguinity rates were also elevated among BP1 patients in both samples (Study #1 OR = 2.66, 95% confidence intervals, CI: 1.34, 5.29; Study #2: OR = 4.64, 95% CI: 2.01, 10.34). In conclusion, two independent, systematic studies indicate increased consanguinity among Egyptian BP1 patients in the Nile delta region. Self-reported estimates of consanguinity are bolstered by DNA-based estimates, and both show significant case-control differences for BP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hader Mansour
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Lambertus Klei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joel Wood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Talkowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kodavali Chowdari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Warda Fathi
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Eissa
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amal Yassin
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hala Salah
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Salwa Tobar
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hala El-Boraie
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanan Gaafar
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mai Elassy
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nahed E. Ibrahim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wafaa El-Bahaei
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elsayed
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shahda
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman El Sheshtawy
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Osama El-Boraie
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Farha El-Chennawi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University School of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Correspondence to: Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar, WPIC, Room. 441, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. nimga+@pitt.edu
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Kaneva R, Milanova V, Angelicheva D, MacGregor S, Kostov C, Vladimirova R, Aleksiev S, Angelova M, Stoyanova V, Loh A, Hallmayer J, Kalaydjieva L, Jablensky A. Bipolar disorder in the Bulgarian Gypsies: genetic heterogeneity in a young founder population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2009; 150B:191-201. [PMID: 18444255 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of follow-up analyses of 12 genomic regions showing evidence of linkage in a genome-wide scan (GWS) of Gypsy families with bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). The Gypsies are a young founder population comprising multiple genetically differentiated sub-isolates with strong founder effect and limited genetic diversity. The BPAD families belong to a single sub-isolate and are connected by numerous inter-marriages, resulting in a super-pedigree with 181 members. We aimed to re-assess the positive GWS findings and search for evidence of a founder susceptibility allele after the addition of newly recruited subjects, some changes in diagnostic assignment, and the use of denser genetic maps. Linkage analysis was conducted with SimWalk2, accommodating the full complexity of pedigree structure and using a conservative narrow phenotype definition (BPAD only). Six regions were rejected, while 1p36, 13q31, 17p11, 17q21, 6q24, and 4q31 produced nominally significant results in both the individual families and the super-pedigree. Haplotypes were reconstructed and joint tests for linkage and association were done for the most promising regions. No common ancestral haplotype was identified by sequencing a strong positional and functional candidate gene (GRM1) and additional STR genotyping in the top GWS region, 6q24. The best supported region was a 12 cM interval on 4q31, also implicated in previous studies, where we obtained significant results in the super-pedigree using both SimWalk2 (P = 0.004) and joint Pseudomarker analysis of linkage and linkage disequilibrium (P = 0.000056). The size of the region and the characteristics of the Gypsy population make it suitable for LD mapping.
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13
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Bacolod MD, Schemmann GS, Giardina SF, Paty P, Notterman DA, Barany F. Emerging paradigms in cancer genetics: some important findings from high-density single nucleotide polymorphism array studies. Cancer Res 2009; 69:723-7. [PMID: 19155292 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mapping arrays have identified chromosomal features whose importance to cancer predisposition and progression is not yet clearly defined. Of interest is that the genomes of normal somatic cells (reflecting the combined parental germ-line contributions) often contain long homozygous stretches. These chromosomal segments may be explained by the common ancestry of the individual's parents and thus may also be called autozygous. Several studies link consanguinity to higher rates of cancer, suggesting that autozygosity (a genomic consequence of consanguinity) may be a factor in cancer predisposition. SNP array analysis has also identified chromosomal regions of somatic uniparental disomy (UPD) in cancer genomes. These are chromosomal segments characterized by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and a normal copy number (two) but which are not autozygous in the germ-line or normal somatic cell genome. In this review, we will also discuss a model [cancer gene activity model (CGAM)] that may explain how autozygosity influences cancer predisposition. CGAM can also explain how the occurrence of certain chromosomal aberrations (copy number gain, LOH, and somatic UPDs) during carcinogenesis may be dependent on the germ-line genotypes of important cancer-related genes (oncogenes and tumor suppressors) found in those chromosomal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manny D Bacolod
- Department of Microbiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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14
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Serretti A, Mandelli L. The genetics of bipolar disorder: genome 'hot regions,' genes, new potential candidates and future directions. Mol Psychiatry 2008; 13:742-71. [PMID: 18332878 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BP) is a complex disorder caused by a number of liability genes interacting with the environment. In recent years, a large number of linkage and association studies have been conducted producing an extremely large number of findings often not replicated or partially replicated. Further, results from linkage and association studies are not always easily comparable. Unfortunately, at present a comprehensive coverage of available evidence is still lacking. In the present paper, we summarized results obtained from both linkage and association studies in BP. Further, we indicated new potential interesting genes, located in genome 'hot regions' for BP and being expressed in the brain. We reviewed published studies on the subject till December 2007. We precisely localized regions where positive linkage has been found, by the NCBI Map viewer (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/); further, we identified genes located in interesting areas and expressed in the brain, by the Entrez gene, Unigene databases (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/) and Human Protein Reference Database (http://www.hprd.org); these genes could be of interest in future investigations. The review of association studies gave interesting results, as a number of genes seem to be definitively involved in BP, such as SLC6A4, TPH2, DRD4, SLC6A3, DAOA, DTNBP1, NRG1, DISC1 and BDNF. A number of promising genes, which received independent confirmations, and genes that have to be further investigated in BP, have been also systematically listed. In conclusion, the combination of linkage and association approaches provided a number of liability genes. Nevertheless, other approaches are required to disentangle conflicting findings, such as gene interaction analyses, interaction with psychosocial and environmental factors and, finally, endophenotype investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Serretti
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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15
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Geller B, Tillman R, Bolhofner K, Hennessy K, Cook EH. GAD1 single nucleotide polymorphism is in linkage disequilibrium with a child bipolar I disorder phenotype. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2008; 18:25-9. [PMID: 18294085 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2007.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric bipolar I disorder (BP-I) and childhood schizophrenia (SZ) share certain symptoms (e.g., psychosis, aggression/irritability [A/I]), and the psychotic and A/I features are treated with neuroleptics in both disorders. Thus, it is of interest to examine the association of GAD1 to child BP-I because of its recently reported association to childhood SZ. METHODS Child BP-I probands were obtained by consecutive new case ascertainment, and the phenotype was defined as current DSM-IV BP-I (manic or mixed phase) with at least one of the cardinal symptoms of mania (i.e., elation and/or grandiosity) and a Children's Global Assessment Scale score < or =60 (clinical impairment). These child BP-I probands are part of a large, ongoing, longitudinal study in which the phenotype has been validated by unique symptoms, longitudinal stability, and 7-8 times greater family loading than adult BP-I probands. Genotyping was performed using a TaqMan Validated SNP Genotyping Assay, and FBAT was used for analysis. RESULTS There were 48 families. The rs2241165 A allele was preferentially transmitted (FBAT chi(2) = 5.2, df = 1, p = 0.022). No interaction between this GAD1 SNP and the Val66 BDNF allele was found. CONCLUSIONS These data are consistent with some shared genetic vulnerability between child BP-I and SZ, which may be related to similar treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Geller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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16
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Abou Jamra R, Fuerst R, Kaneva R, Orozco Diaz G, Rivas F, Mayoral F, Gay E, Sans S, Gonzalez MJ, Gil S, Cabaleiro F, Del Rio F, Perez F, Haro J, Auburger G, Milanova V, Kostov C, Chorbov V, Stoyanova V, Nikolova-Hill A, Onchev G, Kremensky I, Jablensky A, Schulze TG, Propping P, Rietschel M, Nothen MM, Cichon S, Wienker TF, Schumacher J. The first genomewide interaction and locus-heterogeneity linkage scan in bipolar affective disorder: strong evidence of epistatic effects between loci on chromosomes 2q and 6q. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 81:974-86. [PMID: 17924339 DOI: 10.1086/521690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the first genomewide interaction and locus-heterogeneity linkage scan in bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), using a large linkage data set (52 families of European descent; 448 participants and 259 affected individuals). Our results provide the strongest interaction evidence between BPAD genes on chromosomes 2q22-q24 and 6q23-q24, which was observed symmetrically in both directions (nonparametric LOD [NPL] scores of 7.55 on 2q and 7.63 on 6q; P<.0001 and P=.0001, respectively, after a genomewide permutation procedure). The second-best BPAD interaction evidence was observed between chromosomes 2q22-q24 and 15q26. Here, we also observed a symmetrical interaction (NPL scores of 6.26 on 2q and 4.59 on 15q; P=.0057 and .0022, respectively). We covered the implicated regions by genotyping additional marker sets and performed a detailed interaction linkage analysis, which narrowed the susceptibility intervals. Although the heterogeneity analysis produced less impressive results (highest NPL score of 3.32) and a less consistent picture, we achieved evidence of locus heterogeneity at chromosomes 2q, 6p, 11p, 13q, and 22q, which was supported by adjacent markers within each region and by previously reported BPAD linkage findings. Our results provide systematic insights in the framework of BPAD epistasis and locus heterogeneity, which should facilitate gene identification by the use of more-comprehensive cloning strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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17
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Rujescu D, Thalmeier A, Möller HJ, Bronisch T, Giegling I. Molecular genetic findings in suicidal behavior: what is beyond the serotonergic system? Arch Suicide Res 2007; 11:17-40. [PMID: 17178640 DOI: 10.1080/13811110600897317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Various studies provide consistent evidence for a genetic component in suicidal behavior. First molecular genetic studies concentrated on genes of the serotonergic system based on the biochemical evidence that serotonergic neurotransmission is implicated in this behavior. Furthermore, genes of the dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems have also been the subjects of investigations in this context. Some epidemical and clinical studies showed that low serum cholesterol levels are associated with suicidal behavior and genes involved in these pathways have been investigated. Microarray experiments provide the possibility of genome-wide gene expression analysis and help to investigate associated molecular mechanisms. The aim of this article is to review molecular genetic studies in suicidal behavior and to emphasize findings on new genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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18
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Marcheco-Teruel B, Flint TJ, Wikman FP, Torralbas M, González L, Blanco L, Tan Q, Ewald H, Orntoft T, Kruse TA, Børglum AD, Mors O. A genome-wide linkage search for bipolar disorder susceptibility loci in a large and complex pedigree from the eastern part of Cuba. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2006; 141B:833-43. [PMID: 16917938 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present results from a genome-wide scan of a six generation pedigree with 28 affected members with apparently dominant bipolar I disorder from eastern Cuba. Genotypes were obtained using the early access version of the Genechip Mapping 10K Xba array from AFFYMETRIX. Parametric and non-parametric linkage analyses under dominant and recessive models were performed using GENEHUNTER v2.1r5. Two phenotypic models were included in the analyses: bipolar I disorder and recurrent depressive disorder, or bipolar I disorder only. LOD scores were calculated for the entire family combined, and for four subdivisions of the family. For the entire family a suggestive parametric LOD score was obtained under the dominant model and the broader phenotype at 14q11.2-12 (LOD = 2.05). In the same region, a non-parametric LOD score close to genome-wide significance was also obtained, based on the entire family (NPL = 7.31, P-value = 0.07). For two individual branches of the pedigree, genome-wide significance (P < 0.005) was obtained with NPL scores of 8.71 and 12.99, respectively, also in the same region on chromosome 14. Chromosome 5q21.3-22.3 also showed close to genome-wide significant linkage for the complete pedigree (NPL = 7.26, P = 0.07), also supported by significant linkage in one individual branch (NPL = 9.86, P < 0.005). In addition, genome-wide significant nonparametric results (P-values <0.005) were obtained for individual branches at 5p13.1-q12.3, 6p22.3, 8q13.3-21.13, and 10q22.3-23.32. Finally, 2p25.1-25.3, 2p13.3-14, 3p14.2, 6p22.3-24.1, 7p14.1-14.2, 8q12.2-12.3, 10q21.1-21.2, 14q13.1-21.1, 15q15.1-21.2, and 22q12.3-13.32 showed suggestive linkage in the complete family. Most of these potential susceptibility loci overlap with, or are close, to previous linkage findings. The locus on 5q may, however, represent a novel susceptibility locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Marcheco-Teruel
- National Center of Medical Genetics, Reparto Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba.
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19
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Etain B, Mathieu F, Rietschel M, Maier W, Albus M, McKeon P, Roche S, Kealey C, Blackwood D, Muir W, Bellivier F, Henry C, Dina C, Gallina S, Gurling H, Malafosse A, Preisig M, Ferrero F, Cichon S, Schumacher J, Ohlraun S, Borrmann-Hassenbach M, Propping P, Abou Jamra R, Schulze TG, Marusic A, Dernovsek ZM, Giros B, Bourgeron T, Lemainque A, Bacq D, Betard C, Charon C, Nöthen MM, Lathrop M, Leboyer M. Genome-wide scan for genes involved in bipolar affective disorder in 70 European families ascertained through a bipolar type I early-onset proband: supportive evidence for linkage at 3p14. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11:685-94. [PMID: 16534504 PMCID: PMC1959341 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary studies suggested that age at onset (AAO) may help to define homogeneous bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) subtypes. This candidate symptom approach might be useful to identify vulnerability genes. Thus, the probability of detecting major disease-causing genes might be increased by focusing on families with early-onset BPAD type I probands. This study was conducted as part of the European Collaborative Study of Early Onset BPAD (France, Germany, Ireland, Scotland, Switzerland, England, Slovenia). We performed a genome-wide search with 384 microsatellite markers using non-parametric linkage analysis in 87 sib-pairs ascertained through an early-onset BPAD type I proband (AAO of 21 years or below). Non-parametric multipoint analysis suggested eight regions of linkage with P-values<0.01 (2p21, 2q14.3, 3p14, 5q33, 7q36, 10q23, 16q23 and 20p12). The 3p14 region showed the most significant linkage (genome-wide P-value estimated over 10 000 simulated replicates of 0.015 [0.01-0.02]). After genome-wide search analysis, we performed additional linkage analyses with increased marker density using markers in four regions suggestive for linkage and having an information contents lower than 75% (3p14, 10q23, 16q23 and 20p12). For these regions, the information content improved by about 10%. In chromosome 3, the non-parametric linkage score increased from 3.51 to 3.83. This study is the first to use early-onset bipolar type I probands in an attempt to increase sample homogeneity. These preliminary findings require confirmation in independent panels of families.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Etain
- INSERM U513, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.
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20
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McQuillin A, Bass NJ, Kalsi G, Lawrence J, Puri V, Choudhury K, Detera-Wadleigh SD, Curtis D, Gurling HMD. Fine mapping of a susceptibility locus for bipolar and genetically related unipolar affective disorders, to a region containing the C21ORF29 and TRPM2 genes on chromosome 21q22.3. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11:134-42. [PMID: 16205735 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Linkage analyses of bipolar families have confirmed that there is a susceptibility locus near the telomere on chromosome 21q. To fine map this locus we carried out tests of allelic association using 30 genetic markers near the telomere at 21q22.3 in 600 bipolar research subjects and 450 ancestrally matched supernormal control subjects. We found significant allelic association with the microsatellite markers D21S171 (P=0.016) and two closely linked single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs1556314 (P=0.008) and rs1785467 (P=0.025). A test of association with a three locus haplotype across the susceptibility region was significant with a permutation test of P=0.011. A two SNP haplotype was also significantly associated with bipolar disorder (P=0.01). Only two brain expressed genes, TRPM2 and C21ORF29 (TSPEAR), are present in the associated region. TRPM2 encodes a calcium channel receptor and TSPEAR encodes a peptide with repeats associated with epilepsy in the mouse. DNA from subjects who had inherited the associated marker alleles was sequenced. A base pair change (rs1556314) in exon 11 of TRPM2, which caused a change from an aspartic acid to a glutamic acid at peptide position 543 was found. This SNP showed the strongest association with bipolar disorder (P=0.008). Deletion of exon 11 of TRPM2 is known to cause dysregulation of cellular calcium homeostasis in response to oxidative stress. A second nonconservative change from arginine to cysteine at position 755 in TRPM2 (ss48297761) was also detected. A third nonconservative change from histidine to glutamic acid was found in exon 8 of TSPEAR. These changes need further investigation to establish any aetiological role in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A McQuillin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, and Royal London Hospital, London, UK
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21
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Xu C, Macciardi F, Li PP, Yoon IS, Cooke RG, Hughes B, Parikh SV, McIntyre RS, Kennedy JL, Warsh JJ. Association of the putative susceptibility gene, transient receptor potential protein melastatin type 2, with bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2006; 141B:36-43. [PMID: 16252251 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Disturbed intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) homeostasis has been implicated in bipolar disorder (BD). Reduced mRNA levels of the transient receptor potential Ca(2+) permeable channel melastatin type 2, TRPM2, in B lymphoblast cell lines (BLCL) from bipolar I disorder (BD-I) patients showing elevated basal intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](B)), an index of altered intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, along with its location within a putative BD susceptibility locus (21q22.3), implicates the involvement of this gene in the Ca(2+) abnormalities and the genetic diathesis to BD. We tested this hypothesis by examining the association of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their haplotypes, spanning the TRPM2 gene, with BD and BLCL [Ca(2+)](B), in a case control design. The 5' TaqMan SNP assay was used to detect selected SNPs. BLCL [Ca(2+)](B) was determined by ratiometric fluorometry. SNP rs1618355 in intron 18 was significantly associated with BD as a whole (P < 7.0 x 10(-5); odds ratio (OR) = 2.60), and when stratified into BD-I (P < 7.0 x 10(-5), OR = 2.48) and BD-II (P = 7.0 x 10(-5), OR = 2.88) subgroups. In addition, the alleles of the individual SNPs forming a seven marker at-risk haplotype were in excess in BD (12.0% in BD vs. 0.9% in controls; P = 2.3 x 10(-12)). A weak relationship was also detected between BLCL [Ca(2+)](B) and TRPM2 SNP rs1612472 in intron 19. These findings suggest genetic variants of the TRPM2 gene increase risk for BD and support the notion that TRPM2 may be involved in the pathophysiology of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
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22
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Shink E, Morissette J, Sherrington R, Barden N. A genome-wide scan points to a susceptibility locus for bipolar disorder on chromosome 12. Mol Psychiatry 2005; 10:545-52. [PMID: 15494705 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Our previous results pointed to a putative gene for susceptibility to bipolar affective disorder located on the chromosomal region 12q23-q24 that segregated in the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean population of Quebec. We report here results from a second genome-wide scan based on the analysis of 380 polymorphic microsatellite markers. For the purpose of this analysis, an additional 18 families were recruited from the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean region and pooled to our previous sample to improve its statistical power, giving a total of 394 sampled individuals. This work confirms the presence of a susceptibility locus for affective disorder on chromosome 12q24 with parametric LOD score value of 3.35 at D12S378 when pedigrees were broken into nuclear families and analysed under a recessive segregation model. This result was supported by neighbouring markers and by a LOD score value of 5.05 at D12S378 under model-free analysis. Other regions of lower interest were indicated on chromosomes 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 17 and 20.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shink
- Neuroscience, CHUL Research Centre and Laval University, CHUQ Pavillon CHUL, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
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23
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Shink E, Harvey M, Tremblay M, Gagné B, Belleau P, Raymond C, Labbé M, Dubé MP, Lafrenière RG, Barden N. Analysis of microsatellite markers and single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for susceptibility to bipolar affective disorder in the chromosome 12Q24.31 region. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005; 135B:50-8. [PMID: 15768393 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Previous results from our genetic analyses using pedigrees from a French Canadian population suggested that the interval delimited by markers D12S86 and D12S378 on chromosome 12 was the most probable genomic region to contain a susceptibility gene for affective disorders. Here we present a more detailed genetic analysis of a 7.7 Mb genomic region located on 12q24.31. This region was saturated with 20 microsatellite markers to refine the candidate region and linkage analysis performed in 41 families from the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean (SLSJ) region of Quebec. The results of two point parametric analysis using MFLINK supported the presence of a susceptibility locus on chromosome 12q24.31. Association studies with microsatellite markers using a case/control sample from the same population (n = 401) and analyzed with CLUMP revealed significant allelic associations between the bipolar phenotype and markers NBG6 (P = 0.008) and NBG12 (P < 10(-3)). According to these results, we investigated candidate genes in the NBG12 area. We analyzed 32 genes for the presence of polymorphisms in coding sequences and intron/exon junctions and genotyped 22 non-synonymous SNPs in the SLSJ case/control sample. Two uncommon polymorphisms (minor allele frequency < or = 0.03) found in KIAA1595 and FLJ22471 genes, gave P-values below 0.05 with the T1 statistic. Moreover, using haplotype analysis, a nearly significant haplotypic association was observed at the HM74 gene. These results do not give strong support for a role in the susceptibility to bipolar disorder of any of these genes analyzed. However, the significance of rare polymorphisms should be explored by further analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Shink
- Neuroscience, CHUL Research Center and Laval University, CHUQ Pavillon CHUL, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
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Ewald H, Wikman FP, Teruel BM, Buttenschön HN, Torralba M, Als TD, El Daoud A, Flint TJ, Jorgensen TH, Blanco L, Kruse TA, Orntoft TF, Mors O. A genome-wide search for risk genes using homozygosity mapping and microarrays with 1,494 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 22 eastern Cuban families with bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005; 133B:25-30. [PMID: 15558715 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Homozygosity mapping is a very powerful method for finding rare recessive disease genes in monogenic disorders and may also be useful for locating risk genes in complex disorders, late onset disorders where parents often are not available, and for rare phenotypic subgroups. In the present study, homozygosity mapping was applied to 24 persons with bipolar disorder from 22 inbred families. The families were selected irrespective of whether other affected family members were present or not. A genome wide screen using genotypes from only a single affected person in each family was performed using the AFFYMETRIX GeneChip HuSNP Mapping Assay, which contains 1,494 single nucleotide polymorphisms. At chromosome 17q24-q25 a parametric multipoint LOD score of 1.96 was found at WIAF-2407 and WIAF-2405. When analyzing 19 additional microsatellite markers on chromosome 17q the maximum parametric multipoint LOD score was 2.08, 1.5 cM proximal to D17S668. The present study replicates a recent significant linkage finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ewald
- Centre for Basic Psychiatric Research, Psychiatric Hospital in Aarhus, Risskov, Denmark
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25
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Venken T, Claes S, Sluijs S, Paterson AD, van Duijn C, Adolfsson R, Del-Favero J, Van Broeckhoven C. Genomewide scan for affective disorder susceptibility Loci in families of a northern Swedish isolated population. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 76:237-48. [PMID: 15614721 PMCID: PMC1196369 DOI: 10.1086/427836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2004] [Accepted: 11/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed nine multigenerational families with ascertained affective spectrum disorders in northern Sweden's geographically isolated population of Vasterbotten. This northern Swedish population, which originated from a limited number of early settlers approximately 8,000 years ago, is genetically more homogeneous than outbred populations. In a genomewide linkage analysis, we identified three chromosomal loci with multipoint LOD scores (MPLOD) >/=2 at 9q31.1-q34.1 (MPLOD 3.24), 6q22.2-q24.2 (MPLOD 2.48), and 2q33-q36 (MPLOD 2.26) under a recessive affected-only model. Follow-up genotyping with application of a 2-cM density simple-tandem-repeat (STR) map confirmed linkage at 9q31.1-q34.1 (MPLOD 3.22), 6q23-q24 (MPLOD 3.25), and 2q33-q36 (MPLOD 2.2). In an initial analysis aimed at identification of the underlying susceptibility genes, we focused our attention on the 9q locus. We fine mapped this region at a 200-kb STR density, with the result of an MPLOD of 3.70. Genealogical studies showed that three families linked to chromosome 9q descended from common founder couples approximately 10 generations ago. In this approximately 10-generation pedigree, a common ancestral haplotype was inherited by the patients, which reduced the 9q candidate region to 1.6 Mb. Further, the shared haplotype was observed in 4.2% of patients with bipolar disorder with alternating episodes of depression and mania, but it was not observed in control individuals in a patient-control sample from the Vasterbotten isolate. These results suggest a susceptibility locus on 9q31-q33 for affective disorder in this common ancestral region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Venken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Ogden CA, Rich ME, Schork NJ, Paulus MP, Geyer MA, Lohr JB, Kuczenski R, Niculescu AB. Candidate genes, pathways and mechanisms for bipolar (manic-depressive) and related disorders: an expanded convergent functional genomics approach. Mol Psychiatry 2004; 9:1007-29. [PMID: 15314610 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Identifying genes for bipolar mood disorders through classic genetics has proven difficult. Here, we present a comprehensive convergent approach that translationally integrates brain gene expression data from a relevant pharmacogenomic mouse model (involving treatments with a stimulant--methamphetamine, and a mood stabilizer--valproate), with human data (linkage loci from human genetic studies, changes in postmortem brains from patients), as a bayesian strategy of crossvalidating findings. Topping the list of candidate genes, we have DARPP-32 (dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa) located at 17q12, PENK (preproenkephalin) located at 8q12.1, and TAC1 (tachykinin 1, substance P) located at 7q21.3. These data suggest that more primitive molecular mechanisms involved in pleasure and pain may have been recruited by evolution to play a role in higher mental functions such as mood. The analysis also revealed other high-probability candidates genes (neurogenesis, neurotrophic, neurotransmitter, signal transduction, circadian, synaptic, and myelin related), pathways and mechanisms of likely importance in pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Ogden
- Laboratory of Neurophenomics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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