1
|
Yu SC, Hwang TJ, Liu CM, Chan HY, Kuo CJ, Yang TT, Wang JP, Liu CC, Hsieh MH, Lin YT, Chien YL, Kuo PH, Shih YW, Yu SL, Chen HY, Chen WJ. Patients with first-episode psychosis in northern Taiwan: neurocognitive performance and niacin response profile in comparison with schizophrenia patients of different familial loadings and relationship with clinical features. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:155. [PMID: 38389072 PMCID: PMC10885443 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examining patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) provides opportunities to better understand the mechanism underlying these illnesses. By incorporating quantitative measures in FEP patients, we aimed to (1) determine the baseline distribution of clinical features; (2) examine the impairment magnitude of the quantitative measures by comparing with external controls and then the counterparts of schizophrenia patients of different familial loadings; and (3) evaluate whether these quantitative measures were associated with the baseline clinical features. METHODS Patients with FEP were recruited from one medical center, two regional psychiatric centers, and two private clinics in northern Taiwan with clinical features rated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale. Quantitative measurements included the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), niacin response abnormality (NRA), and minor physical anomalies and craniofacial features (MPAs). To evaluate the relative performance of the quantitative measures in our FEP patients, four external comparison groups from previous studies were used, including three independent healthy controls for the CPT, WCST, and NRA, respectively, and one group of treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients for the MPAs. Additionally, patients from simplex families and patients from multiplex families were used to assess the magnitude of FEP patients' impairment on the CPT, WCST, and NRA. RESULTS Among the 80 patients with FEP recruited in this study (58% female, mean age = 25.6 years, mean duration of untreated psychosis = 132 days), the clinical severity was mild to moderate (mean PANSS score = 67.3; mean PSP score = 61.8). Patients exhibited both neurocognitive and niacin response impairments (mean Z-scores: -1.24 for NRA, - 1.06 for undegraded d', - 0.70 for degraded d', - 0.32 for categories achieved, and 0.44 for perseverative errors) but did not show MPAs indicative of treatment resistance. Among these quantitative measures, three of the four neurocognitive indices were correlated with the baseline clinical features, whereas NRA did not show such correlation. CONCLUSIONS This FEP study of Taiwanese patients revealed the presence of neurocognitive performance and niacin response and their different relationships with clinical features, rendering this sample useful for future follow-up and incorporation of multiomics investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Chun Yu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Centers for Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Jeng Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chian-Jue Kuo
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Tsair Yang
- Department of Social Psychology, Shih Hsin University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chen-Chung Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming H Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Shih
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei J Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Centers for Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nia MH, Shahroudi MJ, Saravani R, Sargazi S, Moudi M, Mojahed A. Relationship between P2XR4 Gene Variants and the Risk of Schizophrenia in South-East of Iran: A Preliminary Case-Control Study and in Silico Analysis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 50:978-989. [PMID: 34183956 PMCID: PMC8223582 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i5.6115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia (SZN) is a heterogeneous disorder. Recently, the role of purinergic receptor’s signaling in mental disorders has implicated. There is no evidence regarding the association of P2XR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of behavioral disorders. Therefore, this preliminary study, we determined the association of rs1169727A/G and rs25644A/G variants located in P2XR4 gene with the risk of SZN. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 150 SZN patient referring to Baharan Hospital, Zahedan (Eastern of Iran) in 2018. Genotyping was done by tetra-amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (Tetra ARMS-PCR). Different databases were used to determine the effects of the SNPs on the secondary structure of P2XR4 pre-mRNA and protein as well as binding of transcriptional regulators. Results: The G allele of rs1169727 significantly increased the risk of SZN (OR=1.41, 95%CI=1.02–1.93, P=0.039), but there was no significant association was found between the other SNP and SZN. Moreover, GG model of rs1169727 (OR=2.46, 95%CI= 1.32–4.62, P=0.004) and rs25644 (OR=3.45, 95%CI= 1.12–5.10, P=0.013) increased the risk of SZN. The substitution of A and G alleles of rs1169727 significantly altered the secondary structure of pre-mRNA (P=0.1). In silico analysis revealed that rs25644A/G could act as an intronic cryptic donor site. Screening for flanking sequence of rs1169727A/G and rs25644A/G predicted a novel enhancer and silencer for both SNPs. Conclusion: rs1169727A/G and rs25644A/G are linked to SZN susceptibility in a sample of the Iranian population. In-silico analysis indicated that rs25644 have substantial roles in determining the pre-mRNA and protein structure of P2XR4 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Heidari Nia
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Ramin Saravani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Moudi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Azizollah Mojahed
- Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Clinical Psychology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang S, Zhou D, Wang YY, Jia P, Wan C, Li X, He G, Cao D, Jiang X, Kendler KS, Tsuang M, Mize T, Wu JS, Lu Y, He L, Chen J, Zhao Z, Chen X. Identification of de novo mutations in prenatal neurodevelopment-associated genes in schizophrenia in two Han Chinese patient-sibling family-based cohorts. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:307. [PMID: 32873781 PMCID: PMC7463022 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder with a strong genetic component. High heritability of SCZ suggests a major role for transmitted genetic variants. Furthermore, SCZ is also associated with a marked reduction in fecundity, leading to the hypothesis that alleles with large effects on risk might often occur de novo. In this study, we conducted whole-genome sequencing for 23 families from two cohorts with unaffected siblings and parents. Two nonsense de novo mutations (DNMs) in GJC1 and HIST1H2AD were identified in SCZ patients. Ten genes (DPYSL2, NBPF1, SDK1, ZNF595, ZNF718, GCNT2, SNX9, AACS, KCNQ1, and MSI2) were found to carry more DNMs in SCZ patients than their unaffected siblings by burden test. Expression analyses indicated that these DNM implicated genes showed significantly higher expression in prefrontal cortex in prenatal stage. The DNM in the GJC1 gene is highly likely a loss function mutation (pLI = 0.94), leading to the dysregulation of ion channel in the glutamatergic excitatory neurons. Analysis of rare variants in independent exome sequencing dataset indicates that GJC1 has significantly more rare variants in SCZ patients than in unaffected controls. Data from genome-wide association studies suggested that common variants in the GJC1 gene may be associated with SCZ and SCZ-related traits. Genes co-expressed with GJC1 are involved in SCZ, SCZ-associated pathways, and drug targets. These evidences suggest that GJC1 may be a risk gene for SCZ and its function may be involved in prenatal and early neurodevelopment, a vulnerable period for developmental disorders such as SCZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daizhan Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin-Ying Wang
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peilin Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunling Wan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingwang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Cao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Medical College of Virginia and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Ming Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Travis Mize
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Jain-Shing Wu
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Yimei Lu
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Neuropsychiatric Science and Systems Biological Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingchun Chen
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen J, Wu JS, Mize T, Moreno M, Hamid M, Servin F, Bashy B, Zhao Z, Jia P, Tsuang MT, Kendler KS, Xiong M, Chen X. A Frameshift Variant in the CHST9 Gene Identified by Family-Based Whole Genome Sequencing Is Associated with Schizophrenia in Chinese Population. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12717. [PMID: 31481703 PMCID: PMC6722128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49052-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies imply that rare variants contribute to the risk of schizophrenia, however, the exact variants or genes responsible for this condition are largely unknown. In this study, we conducted whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 20 Chinese families. Each family consisted of at least two affected siblings diagnosed with schizophrenia and at least one unaffected sibling. We examined functional variants that were found in affected sibling(s) but not in unaffected sibling(s) within a family. Matching this criterion, a frameshift heterozygous deletion of CA (–/CA) at chromosome 18:24722722, also referred to as rs752084147, in the Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase 9 (CHST9) gene, was detected in two families. This deletion was confirmed by PCR-based Sanger sequencing. With the observed frequency of 0.00076 in Han Chinese population, we performed both case-control and family-based analyses to evaluate its association with schizophrenia. In the case-control analyses, Chi-square test P-value was 6.80e-12 and the P-value was 0.0008 after one million simulations. In family-based segregation analyses, segregation P-value was 7.72e-7 and simulated P-value was 5.70e-6. For both the case-control and family-based analyses, the CA deletion was significantly associated with schizophrenia in the Chinese population. Further investigation of this gene is warranted in the development of schizophrenia by utilizing larger and more ethnically diverse samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Chen
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S, Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA.
| | - Jain-Shing Wu
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S, Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA
| | - Travis Mize
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S, Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S, Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA
| | - Marvi Moreno
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S, Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA
| | - Mahtab Hamid
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S, Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA
| | - Francisco Servin
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S, Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA
| | - Bita Bashy
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S, Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peilin Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Medical College of Virginia and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Momiao Xiong
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Human Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu CM, Liu YL, Hwu HG, Fann CSJ, Yang UC, Hsu PC, Chang CC, Chen WJ, Hwang TJ, Hsieh MH, Liu CC, Chien YL, Lin YT, Tsuang MT. Genetic associations and expression of extra-short isoforms of disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 in a neurocognitive subgroup of schizophrenia. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:653-663. [PMID: 30976040 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) was reported to be associated with schizophrenia. In a previous study, we found significant association with schizophrenia patients with deficient sustained attention assessed by continuous performance test (CPT). This study aimed to identify risk polymorphisms in this specific neurocognitive subgroup and investigate the expression of different isoforms of DISC1. A total of 83 genetic variants were identified through direct sequencing in 50 controls and 100 schizophrenia patients. Fourteen variants were genotyped in 600 controls and 912 patients. Patients were subgrouped by familial loading (multiplex or simplex) and performance on CPT. The frequency of AA genotype of rs11122324 at the 3'-UTR of Es and Esv1 isoforms and of rs2793091 at intron 4 were significantly higher in multiplex schizophrenia patients than those in controls (corrected p < 0.05). In further subgrouping, the frequency of AA genotype of the two SNPs were significantly higher in multiplex schizophrenia patients with deficient sustained attention than those in controls (corrected p < 0.005). The mRNA expression levels of two extra-short isoforms (Es and Esv1) in the EBV-transformed lymphocytes of schizophrenia were significantly higher than those of controls. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that the A-allele of rs11122324 significantly upregulated DISC1 extra-short isoforms transcription compared with the G-allele. We found two SNPs (rs11122324 and rs2793091) of DISC1 may be specifically associated with multiplex schizophrenia patients with deficient sustained attention. The SNP rs11122324 may be a risk polymorphism, which may have functional influence on the transcription of Es and Esv1 through increasing their expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ueng-Cheng Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Hsu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei J Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Jeng Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming H Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Center for Behavioral Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Harvard Departments of Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Boston, MA, USA.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Genetic loci associated with an earlier age at onset in multiplex schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6486. [PMID: 28744025 PMCID: PMC5527118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An earlier age at onset (AAO) has been associated with greater genetic loadings in schizophrenia. This study aimed to identify modifier loci associated with an earlier AAO of schizophrenia. A genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was conducted in 94 schizophrenia probands with the earliest AAO and 91 with the latest AAO. Candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were then genotyped in the co-affected siblings and unrelated probands. Multi-SNP genetic risk scores (GRS) composed of the candidate loci were used to distinguish patients with an early or late AAO. The 14-SNP GRS could distinguish the co-affected siblings (n = 90) of the earliest probands from those (n = 91) of the latest probands. When 132 patients with an earlier AAO and 158 patients with a later AAO were included, a significant trend in the 14-SNP GRS was detected among those unrelated probands from 4 family groups with the earliest, earlier, later, and latest AAO. The overall effect of the 14 SNPs on an AAO in schizophrenia was verified using co-affected siblings of the GWAS probands and trend effect across unrelated patients. Preliminary network analysis of these loci revealed the involvement of PARK2, a gene intensively reported in Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia research.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu YL, Wang SC, Hwu HG, Fann CSJ, Yang UC, Yang WC, Hsu PC, Chang CC, Wen CC, Tsai-Wu JJ, Hwang TJ, Hsieh MH, Liu CC, Chien YL, Fang CP, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Chen WJ, Liu CM. Haplotypes of the D-Amino Acid Oxidase Gene Are Significantly Associated with Schizophrenia and Its Neurocognitive Deficits. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150435. [PMID: 26986737 PMCID: PMC4795637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) has been reported to be associated with schizophrenia. This study aimed to search for genetic variants associated with this gene. The genomic regions of all exons, highly conserved regions of introns, and promoters of this gene were sequenced. Potentially meaningful single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from direct sequencing were selected for genotyping in 600 controls and 912 patients with schizophrenia and in a replicated sample consisting of 388 patients with schizophrenia. Genetic associations were examined using single-locus and haplotype association analyses. In single-locus analyses, the frequency of the C allele of a novel SNP rs55944529 located at intron 8 was found to be significantly higher in the original large patient sample (p = 0.016). This allele was associated with a higher level of DAO mRNA expression in the Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes. The haplotype distribution of a haplotype block composed of rs11114083-rs2070586-rs2070587-rs55944529 across intron 1 and intron 8 was significantly different between the patients and controls and the haplotype frequencies of AAGC were significantly higher in patients, in both the original (corrected p < 0.0001) and replicated samples (corrected p = 0.0003). The CGTC haplotype was specifically associated with the subgroup with deficits in sustained attention and executive function and the AAGC haplotype was associated with the subgroup without such deficits. The DAO gene was a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia and the genomic region between intron 1 and intron 8 may harbor functional genetic variants, which may influence the mRNA expression of DAO and neurocognitive functions in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chang Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | | | - Ueng-Cheng Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ching Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chiang Wen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Jyy-Jih Tsai-Wu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Jeng Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Ming H. Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ping Fang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Medical Genetics Research Center and Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States of America
| | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, and Departments of Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States of America
- Institute of Behavioral Genomics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States of America
| | - Wei J. Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Meta-analysis of data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and additional samples supports association of CACNA1C with risk for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 168:429-33. [PMID: 26276307 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, numerous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified numerous risk loci for schizophrenia, but follow-up studies are still essential to confirm those results. Therefore, we followed up on top GWAS hits by genotyping implicated loci in additional schizophrenia family samples from our own collection. Five-hundred thirty-six Asian families (comprising 1633 members including 698 schizophrenics) were genotyped in this study. We analyzed 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in strongly implicated candidate genes revealed by GWASs and their follow-up studies. We then used meta-analysis to combine our results with those of the Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC). In our newly genotyped samples, there were no significant associations of any of the 12 candidate SNPs with schizophrenia; however, all genome-wide significant results from the schizophrenia PGC analysis were maintained after combination with our new data by meta-analysis. One SNP (rs4765905 in CACNA1C) showed a stronger effect and decreased p-value (5.14e-17) after meta-analysis relative to the original PGC results, with no significant between-study heterogeneity. The findings of this study support the significant results in the PGC, especially for CACNA1C. The sample size in our study was considerably smaller than that in the PGC-SCZ study; thus, the weights carried by our samples in the meta-analysis were small. Therefore, our data could not vastly reduce PGC association signals. However, we considered that the well replicated results from the PGC hold up in our new samples, and may suggest that the top hits from the PGC are generalizable, even to other ancestral groups.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang SH, Liu CM, Hwu HG, Hsiao CK, Chen WJ. Association of older paternal age with earlier onset among co-affected schizophrenia sib-pairs. Psychol Med 2015; 45:2205-2213. [PMID: 25746410 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced paternal age is associated with increased risk of schizophrenia. This study aimed to explore whether older paternal age is associated with earlier onset among co-affected schizophrenia sib-pairs with the same familial predisposition. METHOD A total of 1297 patients with schizophrenia from 630 families, which were ascertained to have at least two siblings affected, throughout Taiwan were interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies. Both inter-family comparisons, a hierarchical regression model allowing for familial dependence and adjusting for confounders, and within-family comparisons, examining the consistency between onset order and birth order, were performed. RESULTS An inverted U shape was observed between paternal age and onset of schizophrenia. Affected offspring with paternal age of 20-24 years had the oldest onset. As paternal age increased over 25 years, older paternal age exhibited a linear decrease in the onset of schizophrenia. On average, the onset was lowered by 1.5 years for paternal age of 25-29 years and by 5.5 years for paternal age ⩾50 years (p = 0.04; trend test). The proportion of younger siblings with earlier onset (58%) was larger than that of older siblings with earlier onset (42%) (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that paternal age older than 25 years and younger than 20 years were both associated with earlier onset among familial schizophrenia cases. The associations of advanced paternal age with both increased susceptibility to schizophrenia and earlier onset of schizophrenia are consistent with the rate of increases in spontaneous mutations in sperm as men age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Wang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University,Taipei,Taiwan
| | - C M Liu
- Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University,Taipei,Taiwan
| | - H G Hwu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University,Taipei,Taiwan
| | - C K Hsiao
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University,Taipei,Taiwan
| | - W J Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University,Taipei,Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Quillen EE, Chen XD, Almasy L, Yang F, He H, Li X, Wang XY, Liu TQ, Hao W, Deng HW, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J. ALDH2 is associated to alcohol dependence and is the major genetic determinant of "daily maximum drinks" in a GWAS study of an isolated rural Chinese sample. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2014; 165B:103-10. [PMID: 24277619 PMCID: PMC4149216 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence (AD) is a moderately heritable phenotype with a small number of known risk genes mapped via linkage or candidate gene studies. We considered 313 males from among 595 members of documented, extended pedigrees in which AD segregates collected in Northern Hunan Province, China. A joint analysis of both males and females could not be performed as the difference in alcohol consumption variance was too large. Genome-wide association analyses were performed for approximately 300,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Significant associations found in the ALDH2 region for AD (minimum P = 4.73 × 10(-8)) and two AD-related phenotypes: flushing response (minimum P = 4.75 × 10(-26)) and maximum drinks in a 24-hr period (minimum P = 1.54 × 10(-16)). Association of previous candidate SNP, rs10774610 in CCDC63, was confirmed but resulted from linkage disequilibrium with ALDH2. ALDH2 is strongly associated with flushing response, AD, and maximum drinks in males, with nonsynonymous SNP rs671 explaining 29.2%, 7.9%, and 22.9% of phenotypic variation, respectively, in this sample. When rs671 was considered as a candidate SNP in females, it explained 23.6% of the variation in flushing response, but alcohol consumption rates were too low among females-despite familial enrichment for AD-for an adequate test of association for either AD or maximum drinks. These results support a mediating effect of aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency on alcohol consumption in males and a secondary, culturally mediated limitation on alcohol consumption by females that should be appropriately modeled in future studies of alcohol consumption in populations where this may be a factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E Quillen
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen WJ. Taiwan Schizophrenia Linkage Study: lessons learned from endophenotype-based genome-wide linkage scans and perspective. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:636-47. [PMID: 24132895 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Taiwan Schizophrenia Linkage Study (TSLS) was initiated with a linkage strategy for locating multiple genes, each of small to moderate effect, and aimed to recruit a large enough sample of pairs of affected siblings and their families ascertained from a multisite study. With a sample of 607 families successfully recruited, a total of 2,242 individuals (1,207 affected and 1,035 unaffected) from 557 families were genotyped using 386 microsatellite markers spaced at an average of 9-cM intervals. Here the author reviews the establishment of TSLS and initial signal derived from linkage scan using the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Based on the limited success of the initial linkage analysis, a sufficient-component causal model is proposed to incorporate endophenotypes and genes for schizophrenia. Four types of candidate endophenotype measured in TSLS, including schizotypal personality, Continuous Performance Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and niacin skin flush test, are briefly described. The author discusses different strategies of linkage analysis incorporating these endophenotypes, including quantitative trait loci (QTL) linkage analysis, clustering-derived subgroups, ordered subset analysis (OSA), and latent classes for linkage scan. Then the author summarizes the linkage signals generated from seven studies of endophenotype-based linkage analysis using TSLS, including QTL scan of neurocognitive performance, QTL scan of niacin skin flush, the family cluster of attention deficit and execution deficit, OSA by schizophrenia-schizotypy factors, nested OSA by age at onset and neurocognitive performance, and the latent class of deficit schizophrenia for linkage analysis. The perspective of combining next-generation sequencing with linkage analysis of families is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei J Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Genetic Epidemiology Core Laboratory, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tseng HH, Chen SH, Liu CM, Howes O, Huang YL, Hsieh MH, Liu CC, Shan JC, Lin YT, Hwu HG. Facial and prosodic emotion recognition deficits associate with specific clusters of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66571. [PMID: 23818944 PMCID: PMC3688591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia perform significantly worse on emotion recognition tasks than healthy participants across several sensory modalities. Emotion recognition abilities are correlated with the severity of clinical symptoms, particularly negative symptoms. However, the relationships between specific deficits of emotion recognition across sensory modalities and the presentation of psychotic symptoms remain unclear. The current study aims to explore how emotion recognition ability across modalities and neurocognitive function correlate with clusters of psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS 111 participants who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and 70 healthy participants performed on a dual-modality emotion recognition task, the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy 2-Taiwan version (DANVA-2-TW), and selected subscales of WAIS-III. Of all, 92 patients received neurocognitive evaluations, including CPT and WCST. These patients also received the PANSS for clinical evaluation of symptomatology. RESULTS The emotion recognition ability of patients with schizophrenia was significantly worse than healthy participants in both facial and vocal modalities, particularly fearful emotion. An inverse correlation was noted between PANSS total score and recognition accuracy for happy emotion. The difficulty of happy emotion recognition and earlier age of onset, together with the perseveration error in WCST predicted total PANSS score. Furthermore, accuracy of happy emotion and the age of onset were the only two significant predictors of delusion/hallucination. All the associations with happy emotion recognition primarily concerned happy prosody. DISCUSSION Deficits in emotional processing in specific categories, i.e. in happy emotion, together with deficit in executive function, may reflect dysfunction of brain systems underlying severity of psychotic symptoms, in particular the positive dimension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sue-Huei Chen
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oliver Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Lien Huang
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming H. Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Chi Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Dou-Liou City, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin SH, Liu CM, Hwang TJ, Hsieh MH, Hsiao PC, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Hwu HG, Chen WJ. Performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in families of schizophrenia patients with different familial loadings. Schizophr Bull 2013; 39:537-46. [PMID: 23196712 PMCID: PMC3627779 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbs141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the consistent presence of performance deficits on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in schizophrenia patients, whether poorer performance is also present in their nonpsychotic relatives is not certain. This study aimed to estimate both the recurrence risk ratio (λs) and the heritability of WCST scores in simplex and multiplex families, respectively, and to examine the influence of familial loading on these estimates. Participants were patients with schizophrenia and their nonpsychotic first-degree relatives from 168 simplex families and 653 multiplex families as well as 440 normal comparisons. On the basis of adjusted z scores, both the λs at a series of cutoff points and heritability estimates based on variance component modeling in the nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenia patients were estimated. The WCST deficits in schizophrenia patients were more prominent in multiplex families than in simplex ones. Among relatives, WCST deficits were limited to parents of multiplex families for most WCST scores and siblings from multiplex families for total errors, perseverative responses, and perseverative errors. Pertaining to λs, the estimates for multiplex families (highest estimates ranging from 7.9 to 11.0) were greater than those for simplex ones (<2.5). Nevertheless, the heritability estimates were very similar between simplex (ranging from 0% to 17%) and multiplex (ranging from 0% to 21%) families, with the latter having slightly greater values than the former. There is only a small-to-modest familial aggregation on part of WCST scores in families of schizophrenia patients, and this may limit its use as endophenotypic markers to schizophrenia susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hsiang Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Jeng Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming H. Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Hsiao
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genetic Epidemiology Core Laboratory, Research Center for Medical Excellence, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical Genetics Research Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse, NY
| | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Departments of Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Harvard University, Boston, MA
- Center for Behavioral Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei J. Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genetic Epidemiology Core Laboratory, Research Center for Medical Excellence, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang HC, Liu CM, Liu YL, Chen CW, Chang CC, Fann CSJ, Chiou JJ, Yang UC, Chen CH, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Hwu HG. The DAO gene is associated with schizophrenia and interacts with other genes in the Taiwan Han Chinese population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60099. [PMID: 23555897 PMCID: PMC3610748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disease with a polygenic mode of inheritance. Many studies have contributed to our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of schizophrenia, but little is known about how interactions among genes affect the risk of schizophrenia. This study aimed to assess the associations and interactions among genes that confer vulnerability to schizophrenia and to examine the moderating effect of neuropsychological impairment. METHODS We analyzed 99 SNPs from 10 candidate genes in 1,512 subject samples. The permutation-based single-locus, multi-locus association tests, and a gene-based multifactorial dimension reduction procedure were used to examine genetic associations and interactions to schizophrenia. RESULTS We found that no single SNP was significantly associated with schizophrenia. However, a risk haplotype, namely A-T-C of the SNP triplet rsDAO7-rsDAO8-rsDAO13 of the DAO gene, was strongly associated with schizophrenia. Interaction analyses identified multiple between-gene and within-gene interactions. Between-gene interactions including DAO*DISC1 , DAO*NRG1 and DAO*RASD2 and a within-gene interaction for CACNG2 were found among schizophrenia subjects with severe sustained attention deficits, suggesting a modifying effect of impaired neuropsychological functioning. Other interactions such as the within-gene interaction of DAO and the between-gene interaction of DAO and PTK2B were consistently identified regardless of stratification by neuropsychological dysfunction. Importantly, except for the within-gene interaction of CACNG2, all of the identified risk haplotypes and interactions involved SNPs from DAO. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that DAO, which is involved in the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor regulation, signaling and glutamate metabolism, is the master gene of the genetic associations and interactions underlying schizophrenia. Besides, the interaction between DAO and RASD2 has provided an insight in integrating the glutamate and dopamine hypotheses of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chou Yang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Cathy S. J. Fann
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Jie Chiou
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ueng-Cheng Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Houh Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Medical Genetics Research Center and Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, and Departments of Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institute of Behavioral Genomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chien YL, Hwu HG, Fann CSJ, Chang CC, Tsuang MT, Liu CM. DRD2 haplotype associated with negative symptoms and sustained attention deficits in Han Chinese with schizophrenia in Taiwan. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:229-32. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
16
|
Lien YJ, Huang SS, Liu CM, Hwu HG, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Chen WJ. A genome-wide quantitative linkage scan of niacin skin flush response in families with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2013; 39:68-76. [PMID: 21653277 PMCID: PMC3523922 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbr054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients frequently display reduced niacin flush responses, and similar characteristics are also observed in their nonpsychotic relatives. This study aimed to identify loci influencing flush response to niacin in schizophrenia using genome-wide quantitative linkage scan. In a nationwide sample of families with at least 2 siblings affected with schizophrenia in each family, 115 families that had at least 2 affected siblings with information on the niacin skin test were subjected to quantitative trait loci linkage analysis, either involving affected individuals only or the whole family. Nonparametric linkage z (NPL-Z) scores were calculated for each of 386 microsatellite markers spaced at an average of 9-cM intervals. Niacin patches of 3 concentrations (0.001 M, 0.01, and 0.1 M) were applied to forearm skin, and the flush response was rated at 5, 10, and 15 minutes, respectively, with a 4-point scale. Determination of genome-wide empirical significance was implemented using 1000 simulated genome scans. One linkage peak attaining genome-wide significance was identified at chromosomal region 14q32.12 for 0.01 M concentration at 5 minutes (NPL-Z scores = 3.39, genome-wide empirical P = .03) in affected individuals, and the corresponding linkage signal remained strong (NPL-Z scores = 2.87) for the analyses of the whole family. This locus is distinct from the chromosomal region identified in the previous genome-wide scan for the diagnosis of schizophrenia, and the signal was higher than the peak linkage signal in that study. These findings indicate that there might be modifier or susceptibility-modifier genes at 14q32.12 for schizophrenia-related attenuation of flush response to niacin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ju Lien
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sih-Syuan Huang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Neurobiology and Cognitive Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Behavioral Genomics, University of California, San Diego, CA,Harvard Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Boston, MA
| | - Wei J. Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Genetic Epidemiology Core Laboratory, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 886-2-33668010, fax: 886-2-33668004, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
A genome-wide linkage scan for distinct subsets of schizophrenia characterized by age at onset and neurocognitive deficits. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24103. [PMID: 21897869 PMCID: PMC3163684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As schizophrenia is genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous, targeting genetically informative phenotypes may help identify greater linkage signals. The aim of the study is to evaluate the genetic linkage evidence for schizophrenia in subsets of families with earlier age at onset or greater neurocognitive deficits. METHODS Patients with schizophrenia (n = 1,207) and their first-degree relatives (n = 1,035) from 557 families with schizophrenia were recruited from six data collection field research centers throughout Taiwan. Subjects completed a face-to-face semi-structured interview, the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and were genotyped with 386 microsatellite markers across the genome. RESULTS A maximum nonparametric logarithm of odds (LOD) score of 4.17 at 2q22.1 was found in 295 families ranked by increasing age at onset, which had significant increases in the maximum LOD score compared with those obtained in initial linkage analyses using all available families. Based on this subset, a further subsetting by false alarm rate on the undegraded and degraded CPT obtained further increase in the nested subset-based LOD on 2q22.1, with a score of 7.36 in 228 families and 7.71 in 243 families, respectively. CONCLUSION We found possible evidence of linkage on chromosome 2q22.1 in families of schizophrenia patients with more CPT false alarm rates nested within the families with younger age at onset. These results highlight the importance of incorporating genetically informative phenotypes in unraveling the complex genetics of schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang YH, Lee MH, Chen WJ, Hsiao CK. Using an uncertainty-coding matrix in Bayesian regression models for haplotype-specific risk detection in family association studies. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21890. [PMID: 21789192 PMCID: PMC3137600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Haplotype association studies based on family genotype data can provide more biological information than single marker association studies. Difficulties arise, however, in the inference of haplotype phase determination and in haplotype transmission/non-transmission status. Incorporation of the uncertainty associated with haplotype inference into regression models requires special care. This task can get even more complicated when the genetic region contains a large number of haplotypes. To avoid the curse of dimensionality, we employ a clustering algorithm based on the evolutionary relationship among haplotypes and retain for regression analysis only the ancestral core haplotypes identified by it. To integrate the three sources of variation, phase ambiguity, transmission status and ancestral uncertainty, we propose an uncertainty-coding matrix which combines these three types of variability simultaneously. Next we evaluate haplotype risk with the use of such a matrix in a Bayesian conditional logistic regression model. Simulation studies and one application, a schizophrenia multiplex family study, are presented and the results are compared with those from other family based analysis tools such as FBAT. Our proposed method (Bayesian regression using uncertainty-coding matrix, BRUCM) is shown to perform better and the implementation in R is freely available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hsiang Huang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsien Lee
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Education, Taipei Municipal University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei J. Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Genes, Environment, and Human Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuhsing Kate Hsiao
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Genes, Environment, and Human Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, NTU Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu CM, Fann CSJ, Chen CY, Liu YL, Oyang YJ, Yang WC, Chang CC, Wen CC, Chen WJ, Hwang TJ, Hsieh MH, Liu CC, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Hwu HG. ANXA7, PPP3CB, DNAJC9, and ZMYND17 genes at chromosome 10q22 associated with the subgroup of schizophrenia with deficits in attention and executive function. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 70:51-8. [PMID: 21531385 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A genome scan of Taiwanese schizophrenia families suggested linkage to chromosome 10q22.3. We aimed to find the candidate genes in this region. METHODS A total of 476 schizophrenia families were included. Hierarchical clustering method was used for clustering families to homogeneous subgroups according to their performances of sustained attention and executive function. Association analysis was performed using family-based association testing and TRANSMIT. Candidate associated regions were identified using the longest significance run method. The relative messenger RNA expression level was determined using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS First, we genotyped 18 microsatellite markers between D10S1432 and D10S1239. The maximum nonparametric linkage score was 2.79 on D10S195. Through family clustering, we found the maximum nonparametric linkage score was 3.70 on D10S195 in the family cluster with deficits in attention and executive function. Second, we genotyped 79 single nucleotide polymorphisms between D10S1432 and D10S580 in 90 attention deficit and execution deficit families. Association analysis indicated significant transmission distortion for nine single nucleotide polymorphisms. Using the longest significance run method, we identified a 427-kilobase region as a significant candidate region, which encompasses nine genes. Third, we studied messenger RNA expression of these nine genes in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastic cells. In schizophrenic patients, there was significantly lower expression of ANXA7, PPP3CB, and DNAJC9 and significantly higher expression of ZMYND17. CONCLUSIONS ANXA7, PPP3CB, DNAJC9, and ZMYND17 genes are potential candidate genes for schizophrenia, especially in patients with deficits in sustained attention and executive function. The responsible functional variants remained to be clarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun Lin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tsuang HC, Liu CM, Hwang TJ, Hsieh MH, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Hwu HG, Chen WJ. Handedness and schizotypy in non-psychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Laterality 2011; 16:690-706. [PMID: 21308606 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2010.511646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Existing studies have found the relationship between handedness and schizotypy to be inconsistent, and had limited generalisability since only highly homogeneous groups have been investigated. This study aimed to examine the relation between handedness and the four schizotypal factors identified from a previous confirmatory factor analysis in a population of high familial loading for schizophrenia. Study participants consisted of non-psychotic first-degree relatives (850 parents and 334 siblings) of sib-pairs who were co-affected with schizophrenia. All participants were interviewed with the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies, which contains a section of the modified Structured Interview for Schizotypy, and the Annett handedness questionnaire. Both categorical and continuous indicators for handedness were examined. Non-right-handed siblings of schizophrenia patients displayed more positive schizotypal features than their right-handed counterparts when the two-way Annett's handedness classification was adopted. No association was found when handedness was treated as continuous. The relationship between handedness and schizotypy was insignificant for parents probably due to the strong social pressure against left-handedness. We concluded that categorical non-right-handedness was associated with positive schizotypy in non-psychotic siblings of schizophrenia patients. The results indicate that an atypical cerebral lateralisation underlying non-right-handedness may be also a contributing factor to positive schizotypy.
Collapse
|
21
|
Tsai MY, Hsiao CK, Chen WJ. Extended Bayesian model averaging in generalized linear mixed models applied to schizophrenia family data. Ann Hum Genet 2011; 75:62-77. [PMID: 20560923 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2010.00592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study of disease etiology and the search for susceptible genes of schizophrenia have attracted scientists' attention for decades. Many findings however are inconsistent, possibly due to the higher order interactions involving multi-dimensional genetic and environmental factors or due to the commingling of different ethnic groups. Several studies applied generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) with family data to identify the genetic contribution to, and environmental influence on, schizophrenia, and to clarify the existence and sources of familial aggregation. Based on an extended Bayesian model averaging (EBMA) procedure, here we estimate the gene-gene (GG) and gene-environment (GE) interactions, and heritability of schizophrenia via variance components of random-effects in GLMMs. Our proposal takes into account the uncertainty in covariates and in genetic model structures, where each competing model includes environmental and genetic covariates, and GE and GG interactions. Simulation studies are conducted to compare the performance of the EBMA approach, permutation test procedure and GEE method. We also illustrate this approach with data from singleton and multiplex schizophrenia families. The results indicate that EBMA is a flexible and stable tool in exploring true candidate genes, and GE and GG interactions, after adjusting for explanatory variables and correlation structures within family members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Yu Tsai
- Institute of Statistics and Information Science, National Changhua University of Education, Chang-Hua, Taiwan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lien YJ, Liu CM, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Hwu HG, Hsiao PC, Chen WJ. A genome-wide quantitative trait loci scan of neurocognitive performances in families with schizophrenia. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2010; 9:695-702. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2010.00599.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
23
|
Lien YJ, Tsuang HC, Chiang A, Liu CM, Hsieh MH, Hwang TJ, Liu SK, Hsiao PC, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Hwu HG, Chen WJ. The multidimensionality of schizotypy in nonpsychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia and its applications in ordered subsets linkage analysis of schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:1-9. [PMID: 19326390 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the multidimensionality of schizotypy and validate the structure using ordered subset linkage analyses on information from both relatives' schizotypy and probands' schizophrenia symptoms. A total of 203 and 1,310 nonpsychotic first-degree relatives from simplex and multiplex schizophrenia families, respectively, were interviewed with the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies, which contains a modified Structured Interview for Schizotypy. Using Mplus program with categorical factor indicators, a four-factor model (Negative Schizotypy, Positive Schizotypy, Interpersonal Sensitivity, and Social Isolation/Introversion) was extracted by exploratory factor analysis from relatives of simplex families and was confirmed in relatives of multiplex families. The validity of each factor was supported by distinct linkage findings resulting from ordered subset analysis based on different combinations of schizophrenia-schizotypy factors. Six chromosomal regions with significant increase in nonparametric linkage z score (NPL-Z) were found as follows: 15q21.1 (NPL-Z = 3.60) for Negative Schizophrenia-Negative Schizotypy, 10q22.3 (NPL-Z = 3.83) and 15q21.3 (NPL-Z = 3.36) for Negative Schizophrenia-Social Isolation/Introversion, 5q14.2 (NPL-Z = 3.20) and 11q23.3 (NPL-Z = 3.31) for Positive Schizophrenia-Positive Schizotypy, and 4q32.1 (NPL-Z = 3.31) for Positive Schizophrenia-Interpersonal Sensitivity. The greatest NPL-Z of 3.83 on 10q22.3 in the subset was significantly higher than the greatest one of 2.88 in the whole sample (empirical P-value = 0.04). We concluded that a consistent four-factor model of schizotypy could be derived in nonpsychotic relatives across families of patients with different genetic loadings in schizophrenia. Their differential relations to linkage signals have etiological implications and provide further evidence for their validity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ju Lien
- Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lin SH, Liu CM, Liu YL, Fann CSJ, Hsiao PC, Wu JY, Hung SI, Chen CH, Wu HM, Jou YS, Liu SK, Hwang TJ, Hsieh MH, Chang CC, Yang WC, Lin JJ, Chou FHC, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Hwu HG, Chen WJ. Clustering by neurocognition for fine mapping of the schizophrenia susceptibility loci on chromosome 6p. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2009; 8:785-94. [PMID: 19694819 PMCID: PMC4286260 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2009.00523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 6p is one of the most commonly implicated regions in the genome-wide linkage scans of schizophrenia, whereas further association studies for markers in this region were inconsistent likely due to heterogeneity. This study aimed to identify more homogeneous subgroups of families for fine mapping on regions around markers D6S296 and D6S309 (both in 6p24.3) as well as D6S274 (in 6p22.3) by means of similarity in neurocognitive functioning. A total of 160 families of patients with schizophrenia comprising at least two affected siblings who had data for eight neurocognitive test variables of the continuous performance test (CPT) and the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) were subjected to cluster analysis with data visualization using the test scores of both affected siblings. Family clusters derived were then used separately in family-based association tests for 64 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the region of 6p24.3 and 6p22.3. Three clusters were derived from the family-based clustering, with deficit cluster 1 representing deficit on the CPT, deficit cluster 2 representing deficit on both the CPT and the WCST, and a third cluster of nondeficit. After adjustment using false discovery rate for multiple testing, SNP rs13873 and haplotype rs1225934-rs13873 on BMP6-TXNDC5 genes were significantly associated with schizophrenia for the deficit cluster 1 but not for the deficit cluster 2 or nondeficit cluster. Our results provide further evidence that the BMP6-TXNDC5 locus on 6p24.3 may play a role in the selective impairments on sustained attention of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hsiang Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genetic Epidemiology Core Laboratory, Division of Genomic Medicine, Research Center for Medical Excellence, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | | | - Po-Chang Hsiao
- Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genetic Epidemiology Core Laboratory, Division of Genomic Medicine, Research Center for Medical Excellence, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- National Genotyping Center, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Iu Hung
- National Genotyping Center, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Houh Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ming Wu
- Department of Mathematics, Tamkang University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shan Jou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi K. Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung J. Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming H. Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Chih Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Jia Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chimei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, and Departments of Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Behavioral Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei J. Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genetic Epidemiology Core Laboratory, Division of Genomic Medicine, Research Center for Medical Excellence, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Family-based association testing strongly implicates DRD2 as a risk gene for schizophrenia in Han Chinese from Taiwan. Mol Psychiatry 2009; 14:885-93. [PMID: 18332877 PMCID: PMC2755547 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The gene that codes for dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2 on chromosome 11q23) has long been a prime functional and positional candidate risk gene for schizophrenia. Collectively, prior case-control studies found a reliable effect of the Ser311Cys DRD2 polymorphism (rs1801028) on risk for schizophrenia, but few other polymorphisms in the gene had ever been evaluated and no adequately powered family-based association study has been performed to date. Our objective was to test 21 haplotype-tagging and all three known nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DRD2 for association with schizophrenia in a family-based study of 2408 Han Chinese, including 1214 affected individuals from 616 families. We did not find a significant effect of rs1801028, but we did find significant evidence for association of schizophrenia with two multi-marker haplotypes spanning blocks of strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) and nine individual SNPs (Ps<0.05). Importantly, two SNPs (rs1079727 and rs2283265) and both multi-marker haplotypes spanning entire LD blocks (including one that contained rs1801028) remained significant after correcting for multiple testing. These results further add to the body of data implicating DRD2 as a schizophrenia risk gene; however, a causal variant(s) in DRD2 remains to be elucidated by further fine mapping of the gene, with particular attention given to the area surrounding the third through fifth exons.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kanazawa T, Glatt SJ, Faraone SV, Hwu HG, Yoneda H, Tsuang MT. Family-based association study of SELENBP1 in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2009; 113:268-72. [PMID: 19596560 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2009.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The SELENBP1 gene previously was found to be up-regulated in microarray analysis of both peripheral blood cell and brain tissue samples from schizophrenia patients. Quantitative PCR analysis subsequently corroborated the altered expression of SELENBP1 in schizophrenia brain tissue samples from the Stanley Array Correction. The aim of this study was to extend those findings by employing family-based association methods to a sample of over 2400 individuals (including 1214 individuals affected by schizophrenia) of Han Chinese descent living in Taiwan. One of four haplotype-tagging SNPs and two different two-marker haplotypes showed nominally significant evidence for association with schizophrenia under an additive model, suggesting that genetic variation in SELENBP1 may influence risk for the disorder, while this significance did not remain when other inheritance models were considered. Further comprehensive analysis with other SNPs and haplotypes is needed and warranted.
Collapse
|
27
|
Thara R, Srinivasan T, John S, Nancarrow D, Chant D, Holliday E, Mowry B. Design and clinical characteristics of a homogeneous schizophrenia pedigree sample from Tamil Nadu, India. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2009; 43:561-70. [PMID: 19440889 DOI: 10.1080/00048670902873631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The genetic complexity of schizophrenia may be compounded by the diagnostic imprecision inherent in distinguishing schizophrenia from closely related mood and substance use disorders. Further complexity may arise from studying genetically and/or environmentally diverse ethnic groups. Reported here are the ascertainment, demographic features and clinical characteristics, of a diagnostically and ethnically homogeneous schizophrenia pedigree sample from Tamil Nadu, India. Also reported is the theoretical power to detect genetic linkage in the subset of affected sibling pairs. METHOD Affected sibling pair and trio pedigrees were identified by caste/ethnicity. Affected probands and siblings fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. RESULTS The present sample consisted of 159 affected sibling pairs and 187 parent-offspring trios originating primarily from the Tamil Brahmin caste, but also incorporating pedigrees from genetically similar, geographically proximal caste groups. Consistent with previous studies in Tamil Nadu, a very low prevalence of affective psychoses such as schizoaffective disorder, was observed, with most affected individuals having schizophrenia (499/504). Also observed were extremely low rates of nicotine (12.4%), alcohol (1.1%) and illicit drug use (0%). Most affected individuals exhibited negative symptoms (>90%) and a severe, chronic course. All participants lived in the same geographic and climatic region and most affected individuals resided with close family members, increasing uniformity of the sociocultural environment. In affected sibling pairs, power to detect linkage to small-effect risk loci was modest, but this homogeneous sample may be enriched for loci of larger effect. CONCLUSIONS This Indian schizophrenia sample exhibits diagnostic and ethnic homogeneity with high consistency of sociocultural environmental features. These characteristics should assist efforts to identify risk genes for schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
28
|
Shi J, Badner JA, Willour VL, Potash JB, Gershon ES, Liu C. Further evidence for an association of G72/G30 with schizophrenia in Chinese. Schizophr Res 2009; 107:324-6. [PMID: 18775646 PMCID: PMC2630372 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2008.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 07/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Shi
- Department of Psychiatry University of Chicago Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Judith A. Badner
- Department of Psychiatry University of Chicago Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Virginia L. Willour
- Department of Psychiatry Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - James B. Potash
- Department of Psychiatry Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Elliot S. Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry University of Chicago Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Department of Human Genetics University of Chicago Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry University of Chicago Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chang SS, Liu CM, Lin SH, Hwu HG, Hwang TJ, Liu SK, Hsieh MH, Guo SC, Chen WJ. Impaired flush response to niacin skin patch among schizophrenia patients and their nonpsychotic relatives: the effect of genetic loading. Schizophr Bull 2009; 35:213-21. [PMID: 18203758 PMCID: PMC2643969 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbm153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported familial aggregation in flush response to niacin skin patch among schizophrenia patients and their nonpsychotic relatives. However, little is known about whether this abnormal skin response is associated with genetic loading for schizophrenia. This study compared the niacin flush response in subjects from families with only one member affected with schizophrenia (simplex families) with those from families having a sib-pair with schizophrenia (multiplex families). Subjects were patients with schizophrenia and their nonpsychotic first-degree relatives from simplex families (176 probands, 260 parents, and 80 siblings) and multiplex families (311 probands, 180 parents, and 52 siblings) as well as 94 healthy controls. Niacin patches of 3 concentrations (0.001M, 0.01M, and 0.1M) were applied to forearm skin, and the flush response was rated at 5, 10, and 15 minutes, respectively, with a 4-point scale. More attenuated flush response to topical niacin was shown in schizophrenia probands and their relatives from multiplex families than in their counterparts from simplex families, and the differentiation was better revealed using 0.1M concentration of niacin than 0.01M or 0.001M. For the highest concentration of 0.1M and the longest time lag of 15 minutes, a subgroup of probands (23%), parents (27%), and siblings (19%) still exhibited nonflush response. Flush response to niacin skin patch is more impaired in schizophrenia patients and their relatives from families with higher genetic loading for schizophrenia, and this finding has implications for future genetic dissection of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung J. Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi K. Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming H. Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei J. Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,To whom correspondence should be addressed; 17 Xuzhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan; tel: 886-2-33228010, fax: 886-2-33228004, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu YL, Fann CSJ, Liu CM, Chen WJ, Wu JY, Hung SI, Chen CH, Jou YS, Liu SK, Hwang TJ, Hsieh MH, Chang CC, Yang WC, Lin JJ, Chou FHC, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Hwu HG. RASD2, MYH9, and CACNG2 genes at chromosome 22q12 associated with the subgroup of schizophrenia with non-deficit in sustained attention and executive function. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 64:789-96. [PMID: 18571626 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous linkage study of schizophrenia that included Taiwanese samples, the marker D22S278 (22q12.3) was significantly linked to schizophrenia (p = .001). METHODS We conducted fine mapping of the implicated genomic region, with 47 validated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers around 1 Mb of D22S278, in a Taiwanese sample of 218 pedigrees with at least 2 siblings affected with schizophrenia. We examined the association of these SNPs and their haplotypes with schizophrenia and with subgroups defined by the presence and absence of deficits in sustained attention as assessed by undegraded and degraded continuous performance tests (CPTs). We also examined subgroups defined by deficits in categories achieved in the Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST). RESULTS Three of five candidate vulnerability genes (RASD2, APOL5, MYH9, EIF3S7, and CACNG2), which had marginally significant associations with schizophrenia, had significant associations with schizophrenic patients who did not have deficits in sustained attention on the undegraded CPT (RASD2 gene SNP rs736212; p = .0008 with single locus analysis) and the degraded CPT (MYH9 gene haplotype 1-1-1-1 of SNP rs3752463 - rs1557540 - rs713839 - rs739097; p = .0059 with haplotype analysis). We also found a significant association for patients who showed no deficits in executive function as measured by categories achieved in the WCST (CACNG2 gene haplotype 2-1-1-1 of SNP rs2267360 - rs140526 - rs1883987 - rs916269; p = .0163 with haplotype analysis). CONCLUSIONS The genes RASD2, MYH9, and CACNG2 might be vulnerability genes for neuropsychologically defined subgroups of schizophrenic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Liu
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
HTF9C gene of 22q11.21 region associates with schizophrenia having deficit-sustained attention. Psychiatr Genet 2007; 17:333-8. [DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0b013e328133f321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
32
|
Liu YL, Fann CSJ, Liu CM, Chang CC, Yang WC, Hung SI, Yu SL, Hwang TJ, Hsieh MH, Liu CC, Tsuang MM, Wu JY, Jou YS, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Chen WJ, Hwu HG. More evidence supports the association of PPP3CC with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12:966-74. [PMID: 17339875 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin is a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase composed of two subunits, a regulatory subunit of calcineurin B (CNB) and a catalytic subunit of calcineurin A (CNA). PPP3CC is the gamma isoform of CNA located at the chromosome 8p21.3 region. To evaluate the association between PPP3CC and schizophrenia in the Taiwanese population, 10 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers across the gene were genotyped by the method of MALDI-TOF in 218 schizophrenia families with at least two affected siblings. One SNP (rs2272080) located around the exon 1 untranslated region was nominally associated with schizophrenia (P=0.024) and significantly associated with the expression of PPP3CC in lymphoblast cell line; the TT and TG genotype had significantly higher relative expression levels than the GG genotype (P=0.0012 and 0.015, respectively). In further endophenotype stratification, the single locus of rs2272080 and the haplotypes of both two-SNP haplotype (rs7833266-rs2272080) and seven-SNP haplotype (rs2461491-rs2469758-rs2461489-rs2469770-rs2449340-rs1482337-rs2252471) showed significant associations with the subgroup of schizophrenia with deficits of the sustained attention as tested by the continuous performance test (CPT, P<0.05) and the executive functioning as tested by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST, P<0.05). The results suggest that PPP3CC gene may be a true susceptibility gene for schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y L Liu
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu CM, Liu YL, Fann CSJ, Chen WJ, Yang WC, Ouyang WC, Chen CY, Jou YS, Hsieh MH, Liu SK, Hwang TJ, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Hwu HG. Association evidence of schizophrenia with distal genomic region of NOTCH4 in Taiwanese families. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2007; 6:497-502. [PMID: 17054719 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2006.00276.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for association with schizophrenia has been reported for NOTCH4, although results have been inconsistent. Previous studies have focused on polymorphisms in the 5' promoter region and first exon of NOTCH4. Our aim was to test the association of the entire genomic region of NOTCH4 in 218 families with at least two siblings affected by schizophrenia in Taiwan. We genotyped seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of this gene, with average intermarker distances of 5.3 kb. Intermarker linkage disequilibrium (LD) was calculated using gold software, and single-locus and haplotype association analyses were performed using transmit software. We found that the T allele of SNP rs2071285 (P= 0.035) and the G allele of SNP rs204993 (P= 0.0097) were significantly preferentially transmitted to the affected individuals in the single-locus association analysis. The two SNPs were in high LD (D' > 0.8). Trend for overtransmission was shown for the T-G haplotype of the two SNPs to affected individuals (P= 0.053), with the A-A haplotype significantly undertransmitted (P= 0.034). The associated region distributed across the distal portion of the NOTCH4 gene and overlapped with the genomic region of the G-protein signaling modulator 3 and pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 2. In summary, we found modest association evidence between schizophrenia and the distal genomic region of NOTCH4 in this Taiwanese family sample. Further replication for association with the distal genomic region of NOTCH4 is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C-M Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu CM, Liu YL, Fann CSJ, Yang WC, Wu JY, Hung SI, Chen WJ, Chueh CM, Liu WM, Liu CC, Hsieh MH, Hwang TJ, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Hwu HG. No association evidence between schizophrenia and dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) in Taiwanese families. Schizophr Res 2007; 93:391-8. [PMID: 17407805 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Revised: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Several linkage studies have shown significant linkage of schizophrenia to chromosome 6p region, which includes the positional candidate genes, Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1). The aim was to examine the association evidence of the candidate gene in 693 Taiwanese families with at least two affected siblings of schizophrenia. We genotyped nine SNPs of this gene with average intermarker distance of 17 kb. Intermarker linkage disequilibrium was calculated with GOLD. Single locus and haplotype association analyses were performed with TRANSMIT program. We found no significant association between schizophrenia and DTNBP1 either through single locus or haplotype analyses. We failed to replicate the association evidence between DTNBP1 and schizophrenia and this gene may not play a major role in the etiology of schizophrenia in this Taiwanese family sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bedwell JS, Kamath V, Baksh E. Comparison of three computer-administered cognitive tasks as putative endophenotypes of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2006; 88:36-46. [PMID: 17005376 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2006.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Revised: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been repeatedly demonstrated that individuals with schizotypal personality features (SPF) exhibit similar endophenotypic traits as persons with schizophrenia. Less research has compared the relative sensitivity of different endophenotypes in the same sample of individuals with SPF. Fourteen university students with SPF (mean age 20.5+/-1.6; 43% male) and 26 controls (mean age 20.3+/-1.1; 31% male) were defined by the Abbreviated Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ-B). All participants reported no known biological relative with schizophrenia. Participants completed three computer-administered cognitive tasks: a 6-min degraded-stimuli A-X Continuous Performance Test (CPT), the Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST), and a Span of Apprehension (SOA) task (6- and 12-letter arrays). On the CPT, only omission errors resulted in a statistically significant group difference, U=115.5, p=.05, Cohen's d=0.54 (medium effect size), with the SPF group (mean errors: 3.43+/-3.28) making more omission errors than controls (mean errors: 1.88+/-2.66). Notably, 46% of the controls had no omission errors, compared to 14% of the SPF group. The only SPQ-B factor score to show a statistically significant linear relationship with CPT omission errors was the Cognitive-Perceptual factor (rs=.33, p=.04). Group differences on performance indices from the SOA and WCST did not approach statistical significance. Based on performance from the community-identified schizotypes, results suggest that performance on the CPT may represent a more robust endophenotype of schizophrenia, compared to the SOA and WCST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Bedwell
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-1390, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu YL, Fann CSJ, Liu CM, Chang CC, Wu JY, Hung SI, Liu SK, Hsieh MH, Hwang TJ, Chan HY, Chen JJ, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Chen WJ, Hwu HG. No association of G72 and D-amino acid oxidase genes with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2006; 87:15-20. [PMID: 16842973 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2006.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2005] [Revised: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The genes of D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) activator (DAOA or G72; 13q34) and DAAO (12q24) have been suggested as candidate genes and involved in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor regulation pathway for schizophrenia. In order to evaluate the potential association of these two genes with schizophrenia in a Taiwanese sample, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for DAAO (rs2111902, rs3918346, rs3741775) and eleven SNPs for G72 (rs3916965, rs3916966, rs3916967, rs2391191, rs3916968, rs947267, rs778294, rs3916970, rs3916971, rs778293, rs3918342) were genotyped by the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry method in 218 families (864 individuals) containing at least two siblings affected with schizophrenia. In SNP-based single locus association analyses, neither G72 nor DAAO showed significant association with schizophrenia. Additionally, a three-SNP haplotype in DAAO, and a four-SNP as well as a two-SNP haplotype in G72, showed no significant associations with schizophrenia. These results suggest that the DAAO and G72 genes are not susceptibility genes for schizophrenia in a Taiwanese sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Liu
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu YL, Shen-Jang Fann C, Liu CM, Wu JY, Hung SI, Chan HY, Chen JJ, Lin CY, Liu SK, Hsieh MH, Hwang TJ, Ouyang WC, Chen CY, Lin JJ, Chou FHC, Chueh CM, Liu WM, Tsuang MM, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Chen WJ, Hwu HG. Evaluation of RGS4 as a candidate gene for schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2006; 141B:418-20. [PMID: 16526029 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that the regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) may be a positional and functional candidate gene for schizophrenia. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located at the promoter region (SNP4 and SNP7) and the intron 1 (SNP18) of RGS4 have been verified in different ethnic groups. Positive results have been reported in these SNPs with different numbers of SNP combinatory haplotypes. In this study, these three SNP markers were genotyped in 218 schizophrenia pedigrees of Taiwan (864 individuals) for association analysis. Among these three SNPs, neither SNP4, SNP7, SNP18 has shown significant association with schizophrenia in single locus association analysis, nor any compositions of the three SNP haplotypes has shown significantly associations with the DSM-IV diagnosed schizophrenia. Our results fail to support the RGS4 as a candidate gene for schizophrenia when evaluated from these three SNP markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Studies of first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia over the past 25 years have reported a number of cognitive deficits, primarily in the domains of memory and executive function. Nevertheless, due to a number of methodological issues, such as including different types of relatives and not controlling for possible psychopathology, it is not yet clear that these findings can fully support a conclusion of heritability of cognitive dysfunction associated with a schizophrenia genotype. RECENT FINDINGS Several recent meta-analyses have shown that the most consistent deficit shown by relatives is impaired performance on 'maintenance plus' frontal-lobe tasks requiring increased effort and higher central executive processing. Studies of multiplex families (multiple diagnoses in one family) also report that family members tend to have more difficulty on executive function tasks. Another interesting trend is research on subgroups of patients and relatives displaying distinct cognitive syndromes, particularly a subgroup with a generalized cognitive deficit. SUMMARY As methodological designs improve, this field of study holds promise not only for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of schizophrenia and the associated cognitive deficits, but also for possibly describing endophenotypes that may lead to identifying at-risk patients and relatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gitry Heydebrand
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liu YL, Fann CSJ, Liu CM, Wu JY, Hung SI, Chan HY, Chen JJ, Pan CC, Liu SK, Hsieh MH, Hwang TJ, Ouyang WC, Chen CY, Lin JJ, Chou FHC, Chueh CM, Liu WM, Tsuang MM, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Chen WJ, Hwu HG. Absence of significant associations between four AKT1 SNP markers and schizophrenia in the Taiwanese population. Psychiatr Genet 2006; 16:39-41. [PMID: 16395129 DOI: 10.1097/01.ypg.0000180681.80546.f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AKT1 (V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1) is a protein kinase isoform of AKT. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs3803300, rs1130214, rs3730358, rs2498799 and rs2494732, at the genomic region of AKT1 have been reported to be significantly associated with schizophrenia. We tested for the presence of these five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a Taiwanese population by genotyping 218 co-affected schizophrenia families. Both single locus and haplotypes analyses showed no association of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms with schizophrenia. These findings fail to support AKT1 as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia in the Taiwanese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Arinami T, Ohtsuki T, Ishiguro H, Ujike H, Tanaka Y, Morita Y, Mineta M, Takeichi M, Yamada S, Imamura A, Ohara K, Shibuya H, Ohara K, Suzuki Y, Muratake T, Kaneko N, Someya T, Inada T, Yoshikawa T, Toyota T, Yamada K, Kojima T, Takahashi S, Osamu O, Shinkai T, Nakamura M, Fukuzako H, Hashiguchi T, Niwa SI, Ueno T, Tachikawa H, Hori T, Asada T, Nanko S, Kunugi H, Hashimoto R, Ozaki N, Iwata N, Harano M, Arai H, Ohnuma T, Kusumi I, Koyama T, Yoneda H, Fukumaki Y, Shibata H, Kaneko S, Higuchi H, Yasui-Furukori N, Numachi Y, Itokawa M, Okazaki Y. Genomewide high-density SNP linkage analysis of 236 Japanese families supports the existence of schizophrenia susceptibility loci on chromosomes 1p, 14q, and 20p. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 77:937-44. [PMID: 16380906 PMCID: PMC1285184 DOI: 10.1086/498122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Accepted: 09/01/2005] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Japanese Schizophrenia Sib-Pair Linkage Group (JSSLG) is a multisite collaborative study group that was organized to create a national resource for affected sib pair (ASP) studies of schizophrenia in Japan. We used a high-density single-nucleotide-polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assay, the Illumina BeadArray linkage mapping panel (version 4) comprising 5,861 SNPs, to perform a genomewide linkage analysis of JSSLG samples comprising 236 Japanese families with 268 nonindependent ASPs with schizophrenia. All subjects were Japanese. Among these families, 122 families comprised the same subjects analyzed with short tandem repeat markers. All the probands and their siblings, with the exception of seven siblings with schizoaffective disorder, had schizophrenia. After excluding SNPs with high linkage disequilibrium, we found significant evidence of linkage of schizophrenia to chromosome 1p21.2-1p13.2 (LOD=3.39) and suggestive evidence of linkage to 14q11.2 (LOD=2.87), 14q11.2-q13.2 (LOD=2.33), and 20p12.1-p11.2 (LOD=2.33). Although linkage to these regions has received little attention, these regions are included in or partially overlap the 10 regions reported by Lewis et al. that passed the two aggregate criteria of a meta-analysis. Results of the present study--which, to our knowledge, is the first genomewide analysis of schizophrenia in ASPs of a single Asian ethnicity that is comparable to the analyses done of ASPs of European descent--indicate the existence of schizophrenia susceptibility loci that are common to different ethnic groups but that likely have different ethnicity-specific effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Arinami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki-ken, 305-8577, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|