1
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Kristof Z, Gal Z, Torok D, Eszlari N, Sutori S, Erdelyi-Hamza B, Petschner P, Sperlagh B, Anderson IM, Deakin JFW, Bagdy G, Juhasz G, Gonda X. Variation along P2RX7 interacts with early traumas on severity of anxiety suggesting a role for neuroinflammation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7757. [PMID: 37173368 PMCID: PMC10182087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional stress is a leading risk factor in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders possibly via immune activation. P2X7 receptors promote neuroinflammation, and research suggests a relationship between chromosome region 12q2431, in which the P2X7R gene is located, and development of mood disorders, however, few studies concentrate on its association with anxiety. Our aim was to investigate the effects of P2RX7 variation in interaction with early childhood traumas and recent stressors on anxiety. 1752 participants completed questionnaires assessing childhood adversities and recent negative life events, provided data on anxiety using the Brief Symptom Inventory, and were genotyped for 681 SNPs in the P2RX7 gene, 335 of which passed quality control and were entered into linear regression models followed by a linkage disequilibrium-based clumping procedure to identify clumps of SNPs with a significant main or interaction effect. We identified a significant clump with top SNP rs67881993 and containing a set of 29SNPs that are in high LD, which significantly interacted with early childhood traumas but not with recent stress conveying a protective effect against increased anxiety in those exposed to early adversities. Our study demonstrated that P2RX7 variants interact with distal and more etiological stressors in influencing the severity of anxiety symptoms, supporting previous scarce results and demonstrating its role in moderating the effects of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuliet Kristof
- Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Gyulai Pál Str. 2, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Gal
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dora Torok
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nora Eszlari
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sara Sutori
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Berta Erdelyi-Hamza
- Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Gyulai Pál Str. 2, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Peter Petschner
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute of Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Unit for Realization of Sustainable Society, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Beata Sperlagh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ian M Anderson
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John Francis William Deakin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Gyulai Pál Str. 2, Budapest, 1085, Hungary.
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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2
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Ribeiro DE, Petiz LL, Glaser T, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Andrejew R, Saab FDAR, Milanis MDS, Campos HC, Sampaio VFA, La Banca S, Longo BM, Lameu C, Tang Y, Resende RR, Ferreira ST, Ulrich H. Purinergic signaling in cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2023; 226:109371. [PMID: 36502867 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
About 10 million new cases of dementia develop worldwide each year, of which up to 70% are attributable to Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition to the widely known symptoms of memory loss and cognitive impairment, AD patients frequently develop non-cognitive symptoms, referred to as behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs). Sleep disorders are often associated with AD, but mood alterations, notably depression and apathy, comprise the most frequent class of BPSDs. BPSDs negatively affect the lives of AD patients and their caregivers, and have a significant impact on public health systems and the economy. Because treatments currently available for AD are not disease-modifying and mainly aim to ameliorate some of the cognitive symptoms, elucidating the mechanisms underlying mood alterations and other BPSDs in AD may reveal novel avenues for progress in AD therapy. Purinergic signaling is implicated in the pathophysiology of several central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as AD, depression and sleep disorders. Here, we review recent findings indicating that purinergic receptors, mainly the A1, A2A, and P2X7 subtypes, are associated with the development/progression of AD. Current evidence suggests that targeting purinergic signaling may represent a promising therapeutic approach in AD and related conditions. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Purinergic Signaling: 50 years".
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidiane Elisa Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lyvia Lintzmaier Petiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Andrejew
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Milena da Silva Milanis
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Correia Campos
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sophia La Banca
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Monteiro Longo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudiana Lameu
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yong Tang
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Rodrigo Ribeiro Resende
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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3
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Wong ZW, Engel T. More than a drug target: Purinergic signalling as a source for diagnostic tools in epilepsy. Neuropharmacology 2023; 222:109303. [PMID: 36309046 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common and disabling chronic neurological diseases affecting people of all ages. Major challenges of epilepsy management include the persistently high percentage of drug-refractoriness among patients, the absence of disease-modifying treatments, and its diagnosis and prognosis. To date, long-term video-electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings remain the gold standard for an epilepsy diagnosis. However, this is very costly, has low throughput, and in some instances has very limited availability. Therefore, much effort is put into the search for non-invasive diagnostic tests. Purinergic signalling, via extracellularly released adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is gaining increasing traction as a therapeutic strategy for epilepsy treatment which is supported by evidence from both experimental models and patients. This includes in particular the ionotropic P2X7 receptor. Besides that, other components from the ATPergic signalling cascade such as the metabotropic P2Y receptors (e.g., P2Y1 receptor) and ATP-release channels (e.g., pannexin-1), have also been shown to contribute to seizures and epilepsy. In addition to the therapeutic potential of purinergic signalling, emerging evidence has also shown its potential as a diagnostic tool. Following seizures and epilepsy, the concentration of purines in the blood and the expression of different compounds of the purinergic signalling cascade are significantly altered. Herein, this review will provide a detailed discussion of recent findings on the diagnostic potential of purinergic signalling for epilepsy management and the prospect of translating it for clinical application. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Purinergic Signaling: 50 years'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wei Wong
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland.
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4
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Urbina-Treviño L, von Mücke-Heim IA, Deussing JM. P2X7 Receptor-Related Genetic Mouse Models – Tools for Translational Research in Psychiatry. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:876304. [PMID: 35422688 PMCID: PMC9001905 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.876304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric disorder and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Although treatments are available, only about 60% of treated patients experience a significant improvement in disease symptoms. Numerous clinical and rodent studies have identified the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) as one of the genetic factors potentially contributing to the disease risk. In this respect, genetically engineered mouse models targeting the P2X7R have become increasingly important in studying designated immunological features and subtypes of depression in vivo. This review provides an overview of the P2X7R -related mouse lines currently available for translational psychiatric research and discusses their strengths, weaknesses, and potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Urbina-Treviño
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Iven-Alex von Mücke-Heim
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan M. Deussing
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jan M. Deussing,
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5
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Beyond Seizure Control: Treating Comorbidities in Epilepsy via Targeting of the P2X7 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042380. [PMID: 35216493 PMCID: PMC8875404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Treatment of epilepsy remains, however, a clinical challenge with over 30% of patients not responding to current pharmacological interventions. Complicating management of treatment, epilepsy comes with multiple comorbidities, thereby further reducing the quality of life of patients. Increasing evidence suggests purinergic signalling via extracellularly released ATP as shared pathological mechanisms across numerous brain diseases. Once released, ATP activates specific purinergic receptors, including the ionotropic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R). Among brain diseases, the P2X7R has attracted particular attention as a therapeutic target. The P2X7R is an important driver of inflammation, and its activation requires high levels of extracellular ATP to be reached under pathological conditions. Suggesting the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting the P2X7R for epilepsy, P2X7R expression increases following status epilepticus and during epilepsy, and P2X7R antagonism modulates seizure severity and epilepsy development. P2X7R antagonism has, however, also been shown to be effective in treating conditions most commonly associated with epilepsy such as psychiatric disorders and cognitive deficits, which suggests that P2X7R antagonisms may provide benefits beyond seizure control. This review summarizes the evidence suggesting drugs targeting the P2X7R as a novel treatment strategy for epilepsy with a particular focus of its potential impact on epilepsy-associated comorbidities.
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6
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Vultaggio-Poma V, Falzoni S, Salvi G, Giuliani AL, Di Virgilio F. Signalling by extracellular nucleotides in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119237. [PMID: 35150807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotides are released from all cells through regulated pathways or as a result of plasma membrane damage or cell death. Outside the cell, nucleotides act as signalling molecules triggering multiple responses via specific plasma membrane receptors of the P2 family. In the nervous system, purinergic signalling has a key function in neurotransmission. Outside the nervous system, purinergic signalling is one of the major modulators of basal tissue homeostasis, while its dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of various disease, including inflammation and cancer. Pre-clinical and clinical evidence shows that selective P2 agonists or antagonists are effective treatments for many pathologies, thus highlighting the relevance of extracellular nucleotides and P2 receptors as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giada Salvi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
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7
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Rahimian R, Belliveau C, Chen R, Mechawar N. Microglial Inflammatory-Metabolic Pathways and Their Potential Therapeutic Implication in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:871997. [PMID: 35782423 PMCID: PMC9245023 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.871997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the notion that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), at least in a subset of patients. By virtue of their capacity to transform into reactive states in response to inflammatory insults, microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, play a pivotal role in the induction of neuroinflammation. Experimental studies have demonstrated the ability of microglia to recognize pathogens or damaged cells, leading to the activation of a cytotoxic response that exacerbates damage to brain cells. However, microglia display a wide range of responses to injury and may also promote resolution stages of inflammation and tissue regeneration. MDD has been associated with chronic priming of microglia. Recent studies suggest that altered microglial morphology and function, caused either by intense inflammatory activation or by senescence, may contribute to depression and associated impairments in neuroplasticity. In this context, modifying microglia phenotype by tuning inflammatory pathways might have important translational relevance to harness neuroinflammation in MDD. Interestingly, it was recently shown that different microglial phenotypes are associated with distinct metabolic pathways and analysis of the underlying molecular mechanisms points to an instrumental role for energy metabolism in shaping microglial functions. Here, we review various canonical pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and metabolic pathways in microglia that may provide new therapeutic opportunities to control neuroinflammation in brain disorders, with a strong focus on MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rahimian
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Belliveau
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Verdun, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rebecca Chen
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Verdun, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Verdun, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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8
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Gonçalves MCB, Andrejew R, Gubert C. The Purinergic System as a Target for the Development of Treatments for Bipolar Disorder. CNS Drugs 2022; 36:787-801. [PMID: 35829960 PMCID: PMC9345801 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-022-00934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The neurobiological and neurochemical mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder are complex and not yet fully understood. From circadian disruption to neuroinflammation, many pathways and signaling molecules are important contributors to bipolar disorder development, some specific to a disease subtype or a cycling episode. Pharmacological agents for bipolar disorder have shown only partial efficacy, including mood stabilizers and antipsychotics. The purinergic hypothesis for bipolar disorder emerges in this scenario as a promising target for further research and drug development, given its role in neurotransmission and neuroinflammation that results in behavioral and mood regulation. Here, we review the basic concepts of purinergic signaling in the central nervous system and its contribution to bipolar disorder pathophysiology. Allopurinol and novel P2X7 receptor antagonists are promising candidates for treating bipolar disorder. We further explore currently available pharmacotherapies and the emerging new purinergic targets for drug development in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Andrejew
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Gubert
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3032, Australia.
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9
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Drevets WC, Wittenberg GM, Bullmore ET, Manji HK. Immune targets for therapeutic development in depression: towards precision medicine. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:224-244. [PMID: 35039676 PMCID: PMC8763135 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, compelling evidence has emerged indicating that immune mechanisms can contribute to the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and that drugs with primary immune targets can improve depressive symptoms. Patients with MDD are heterogeneous with respect to symptoms, treatment responses and biological correlates. Defining a narrower patient group based on biology could increase the treatment response rates in certain subgroups: a major advance in clinical psychiatry. For example, patients with MDD and elevated pro-inflammatory biomarkers are less likely to respond to conventional antidepressant drugs, but novel immune-based therapeutics could potentially address their unmet clinical needs. This article outlines a framework for developing drugs targeting a novel patient subtype within MDD and reviews the current state of neuroimmune drug development for mood disorders. We discuss evidence for a causal role of immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of depression, together with targets under investigation in randomized controlled trials, biomarker evidence elucidating the link to neural mechanisms, biological and phenotypic patient selection strategies, and the unmet clinical need among patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne C. Drevets
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Gayle M. Wittenberg
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Data Science, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ USA
| | - Edward T. Bullmore
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.450563.10000 0004 0412 9303Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Husseini K. Manji
- grid.417429.dScience for Minds, Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ USA
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10
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von Muecke-Heim IA, Ries C, Urbina L, Deussing JM. P2X7R antagonists in chronic stress-based depression models: a review. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:1343-1358. [PMID: 34279714 PMCID: PMC8429152 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01306-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Depression affects around 320 million people worldwide. Growing evidence proposes the immune system to be the core interface between psychosocial stress and the neurobiological and behavioural features of depression. Many studies have identified purinergic signalling via the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) to be of great importance in depression genesis yet only a few have evaluated P2X7R antagonists in chronic stress-based depression models. This review summarizes their findings and analyses their methodology. The four available studies used three to nine weeks of unpredictable, chronic mild stress or unpredictable, chronic stress in male mice or rats. Stress paradigm composition varied moderately, with stimuli being primarily psychophysical rather than psychosocial. Behavioural testing was performed during or after the last week of stress application and resulted in depressive-like behaviours, immune changes (NLRP3 assembly, interleukin-1β level increase, microglia activation) and neuroplasticity impairment. During the second half of each stress paradigm, a P2X7R antagonist (Brilliant Blue G, A-438079, A-804598) was applied. Studies differed with regard to antagonist dosage and application timing. Nonetheless, all treatments attenuated the stress-induced neurobiological changes and depressive-like behaviours. The evidence at hand underpins the importance of P2X7R signalling in chronic stress and depression. However, improvements in study planning and reporting are necessary to minimize experimental bias and increase data purview. To achieve this, we propose adherence to the Research Domain Criteria and the STRANGE framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iven-Alex von Muecke-Heim
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany.
| | - Clemens Ries
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Lidia Urbina
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jan M Deussing
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Kristof Z, Eszlari N, Sutori S, Gal Z, Torok D, Baksa D, Petschner P, Sperlagh B, Anderson IM, Deakin JFW, Juhasz G, Bagdy G, Gonda X. P2RX7 gene variation mediates the effect of childhood adversity and recent stress on the severity of depressive symptoms. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252766. [PMID: 34111150 PMCID: PMC8191953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2RX7) mediates inflammatory microglial responses and is implicated in neuroimmune mechanisms of depression and neurodegenerative disorders. A number of studies suggest that psychosocial stress may precipitate depression through immune activation. Genetic association studies of P2RX7 variants with depression have been inconclusive. However, nearly all studies have focused on only one single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and have not considered interaction with psychosocial stress. We investigated the effect of several variations in P2RX7 gene using a clumping method in interaction with early adversities and recent stress on depression severity. 1752 subjects provided information on childhood adversities, recent life events, and current depression severity. Participants were genotyped for 681 SNPs in the P2RX7 gene, 335 of them passed quality control and were entered into linear regression models followed by a clumping procedure for main effect and interactions. No significant main effect was observed. Rs74892325 emerged as a top SNP for interaction with childhood adversities and rs61953400 for interaction with recent life events. Our study is the first to investigate several variants in the P2RX7 gene and in interaction with two types of stress, extending our understanding of neuroinflammation in depression, and supporting that the majority of genes influence depression by enhancing sensitivity to stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuliet Kristof
- Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nora Eszlari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sara Sutori
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Pazmany Peter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Gal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dora Torok
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel Baksa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SE-NAP-2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Petschner
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beata Sperlagh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ian M. Anderson
- Faculty of Biological, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John Francis William Deakin
- Faculty of Biological, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SE-NAP-2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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12
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Szopa A, Socała K, Serefko A, Doboszewska U, Wróbel A, Poleszak E, Wlaź P. Purinergic transmission in depressive disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 224:107821. [PMID: 33607148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling involves the actions of purine nucleotides and nucleosides (such as adenosine) at P1 (adenosine), P2X, and P2Y receptors. Here, we present recent data contributing to a comprehensive overview of the association between purinergic signaling and depression. We start with background information on adenosine production and metabolism, followed by a detailed characterization of P1 and P2 receptors, with an emphasis on their expression and function in the brain as well as on their ligands. We provide data suggestive of altered metabolism of adenosine in depressed patients, which might be regarded as a disease biomarker. We then turn to considerable amount of preclinical/behavioral data obtained with the aid of the forced swim test, tail suspension test, learned helplessness model, or unpredictable chronic mild stress model and genetic activation/inactivation of P1 or P2 receptors as well as nonselective or selective ligands of P1 or P2 receptors. We also aimed to discuss the reason underlying discrepancies observed in such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szopa
- Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, PL 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Serefko
- Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Doboszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, PL 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wróbel
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, PL 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, PL 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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Silberstein S, Liberman AC, Dos Santos Claro PA, Ugo MB, Deussing JM, Arzt E. Stress-Related Brain Neuroinflammation Impact in Depression: Role of the Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone System and P2X7 Receptor. Neuroimmunomodulation 2021; 28:52-60. [PMID: 33845478 DOI: 10.1159/000515130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and other psychiatric stress-related disorders are leading causes of disability worldwide. Up to date, treatments of mood disorders have limited success, most likely due to the multifactorial etiology of these conditions. Alterations in inflammatory processes have been identified as possible pathophysiological mechanisms in psychiatric conditions. Here, we review the main features of 2 systems involved in the control of these inflammatory pathways: the CRH system as a key regulator of the stress response and the ATP-gated ion-channel P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) involved in the control of immune functions. The pathophysiology of depression as a stress-related psychiatric disorder is depicted in terms of the impact of CRH and P2X7R function on inflammatory pathways in the brain. Understanding pathogenesis of affective disorders will lead to the development of therapies for treatment of depression and other stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Silberstein
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Clara Liberman
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Ayelén Dos Santos Claro
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Belén Ugo
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Eduardo Arzt
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- DFBMC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Andrejew R, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Ribeiro DE, Glaser T, Arnaud-Sampaio VF, Lameu C, Ulrich H. The P2X7 Receptor: Central Hub of Brain Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:124. [PMID: 32848594 PMCID: PMC7413029 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is a cation channel activated by high concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Upon long-term activation, it complexes with membrane proteins forming a wide pore that leads to cell death and increased release of ATP into the extracellular milieu. The P2X7 receptor is widely expressed in the CNS, such as frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and striatum, regions involved in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Despite P2X7 receptor functions in glial cells have been extensively studied, the existence and roles of this receptor in neurons are still controversially discussed. Regardless, P2X7 receptors mediate several processes observed in neuropsychiatric disorders and brain tumors, such as activation of neuroinflammatory response, stimulation of glutamate release and neuroplasticity impairment. Moreover, P2X7 receptor gene polymorphisms have been associated to depression, and isoforms of P2X7 receptors are implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases. In view of that, the P2X7 receptor has been proposed to be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in brain diseases. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying P2X7 receptor-mediated signaling in neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, and brain tumors. In addition, it highlights the recent advances in the development of P2X7 receptor antagonists that are able of penetrating the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Andrejew
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Deidiane Elisa Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Claudiana Lameu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hong S, Xin Y, JiaWen W, ShuQin Z, GuiLian Z, HaiQin W, Zhen G, HongWei R, YongNan L. The P2X7 receptor in activated microglia promotes depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in lithium -pilocarpine induced epileptic rats. Neurochem Int 2020; 138:104773. [PMID: 32531197 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Depressive and anxious behaviors are the most common psychiatric symptoms of epilepsy, and may aggravate the epileptic condition and affect the patient's quality of life. Accumulating data obtained from both experimental animal models and patients have convincingly shown a critical role of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) during depression and anxiety. Our study showed for the first time that the P2X7R is involved in promoting depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in lithium pilocarpine-induced epileptic rats. More importantly, direct anti-depressive and anti-anxiety effects were produced by the P2X7R antagonist Brilliant Blue G (BBG) is in this study, and the effect was similar to that of the classic anti-depressant and anti-anxiety drug fluoxetine. We also found that BBG did not affect the development of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) and had a neuroprotective effect via inhibition of microglial activation after status epilepticus (SE). Thus, our data provide evidence that the P2X7R in activated microglia promotes depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in lithium-pilocarpine induced epileptic rats. Since previous studies have indicated that some anti-depression and anti-anxiety drugs may exacerbate seizures, our data support that the P2X7R is a promising therapeutic target for epilepsy associated with depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yu Xin
- Department of Neurology, People's Liberation Army 401 Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Wu JiaWen
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhan ShuQin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhang GuiLian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wu HaiQin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Gao Zhen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Reng HongWei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li YongNan
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Purinergic Signaling and Related Biomarkers in Depression. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10030160. [PMID: 32178222 PMCID: PMC7139781 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is established that purinergic signaling can shape a wide range of physiological functions, including neurotransmission and neuromodulation. The purinergic system may play a role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders, influencing neurotransmitter systems and hormonal pathways of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Treatment with mood stabilizers and antidepressants can lead to changes in purinergic signaling. In this overview, we describe the biological background on the possible link between the purinergic system and depression, possibly involving changes in adenosine- and ATP-mediated signaling at P1 and P2 receptors, respectively. Furthermore, evidence on the possible antidepressive effects of non-selective adenosine antagonist caffeine and other purinergic modulators is reviewed. In particular, A2A and P2X7 receptors have been identified as potential targets for depression treatment. Preclinical studies highlight that both selective A2A and P2X7 antagonists may have antidepressant effects and potentiate responses to antidepressant treatments. Consistently, recent studies feature the possible role of the purinergic system peripheral metabolites as possible biomarkers of depression. In particular, variations of serum uric acid, as the end product of purinergic metabolism, have been found in depression. Although several open questions remain, the purinergic system represents a promising research area for insights into the molecular basis of depression.
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Illes P, Verkhratsky A, Tang Y. Pathological ATPergic Signaling in Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 12:331. [PMID: 32076399 PMCID: PMC7006450 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mood disorders, major depression (MD) and bipolar disorder (BD), have a high lifetime prevalence in the human population and accordingly generate huge costs for health care. Efficient, rapidly acting, and side-effect-free pharmaceuticals are hitherto not available, and therefore, the identification of new therapeutic targets is an imperative task for (pre)clinical research. Such a target may be the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), which is localized in the central nervous system (CNS) at microglial and neuroglial cells mediating neuroinflammation. MD and BD are due to neuroinflammation caused in the first line by the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) from the microglia. IL-1β in turn induces the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and in consequence the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol, which together with a plethora of further cytokines/chemokines lead to mood disorders. A number of biochemical/molecular biological measurements including the use of P2X7R- or IL-1β-deficient mice confirmed this chain of events. More recent studies showed that a decrease in the astrocytic release of ATP in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus is a major cause of mood disorders. It is an attractive hypothesis that compensatory increases in P2X7Rs in these areas of the brain are the immediate actuators of MD and BD. Hence, blood-brain barrier-permeable P2X7R antagonists may be promising therapeutic tools to improve depressive disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Illes
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Yong Tang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Vereczkei A, Abdul-Rahman O, Halmai Z, Nagy G, Szekely A, Somogyi A, Faludi G, Nemoda Z. Association of purinergic receptor P2RX7 gene polymorphisms with depression symptoms. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:207-216. [PMID: 30664971 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The activation of the ATP-gated P2RX7 (purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7) produces microglial activation, a process which has been demonstrated in depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Emerging data over the last years highlighted the importance of P2X7 cation channel as a potential drug target for these central nervous system disorders. The Gln460Arg (rs2230912) polymorphism of the P2RX7 gene has been widely studied in mood disorders, however the results are still controversial. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the C-terminal region of this gene in major depressive and bipolar disorders (MDD and BD) by studying possibly functional, non-synonymous polymorphisms within a 7 kb long region around the Gln460Arg, including Ala348Thr (rs1718119), Thr357Ser (rs2230911), and Glu496Ala (rs3751143) variants. Since Gln460Arg is located at the 3' end of the P2RX7 gene, we included additional, potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the 3' untranslated region (UTR), which can be in linkage with Gln460Arg. Based on in silico search, we chose two SNPs in putative microRNA target sites which are located in consecutive positions: rs1653625 and rs1718106. METHODS P2RX7 SNPs from the C-terminal region were selected based on previous functional assays, 3' UTR variants were chosen using PolymiRTS and Patrocles databases. The genotyping of the non-synonymous SNPs was carried out by pre-designed TaqMan® kits, while the 3' UTR variants were analyzed by PCR-RFLP method. Case-control analyses were carried out between 315 inpatients with acute major depressive episode (195 MDD, 120 BD) and 406 healthy control subjects. The two subscales of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) self-report questionnaire were used for quantitative analyses, including an additional, "at-risk" population of 218 patients with diabetes mellitus. The in vitro reporter gene assays were carried out on HEK and SK-N-FI cells transiently transfected with pMIR vector constructs containing the P2RX7 3' UTR downstream of the luciferase gene. RESULTS Haplotype analysis indicated a relatively high linkage between the analyzed P2RX7 SNPs. Our case-control study did not yield any association between P2RX7 gene variants and depression. However, dimensional analyses showed significant associations of the HADS depression severity scores with Gln460Arg (rs2230912) and Ala348Thr (rs1718119) in the depressed and diabetic patient groups. In the in vitro experiments, the P2RX7 3' UTR constructs with the lowest predicted binding efficiency to their miRNAs showed the highest expression of the gene. The combination of the depression-associated P2RX7 C-terminal and 3' UTR SNPs contributed to the highest depression severity score in the haplotype analysis. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, we propose that a P2RX7 haplotype combination of the Gln460Arg and neighboring SNPs contribute to the observed genetic association with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vereczkei
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Omar Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Halmai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kútvölgyi Clinical Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Bhaktivedanta College, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Geza Nagy
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Szekely
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aniko Somogyi
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Faludi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kútvölgyi Clinical Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Nemoda
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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P2X7 Receptor Signaling in Stress and Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112778. [PMID: 31174279 PMCID: PMC6600521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress exposure is considered to be the main environmental cause associated with the development of depression. Due to the limitations of currently available antidepressants, a search for new pharmacological targets for treatment of depression is required. Recent studies suggest that adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-mediated signaling through the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) might play a prominent role in regulating depression-related pathology, such as synaptic plasticity, neuronal degeneration, as well as changes in cognitive and behavioral functions. P2X7R is an ATP-gated cation channel localized in different cell types in the central nervous system (CNS), playing a crucial role in neuron-glia signaling. P2X7R may modulate the release of several neurotransmitters, including monoamines, nitric oxide (NO) and glutamate. Moreover, P2X7R stimulation in microglia modulates the innate immune response by activating the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, consistent with the neuroimmune hypothesis of MDD. Importantly, blockade of P2X7R leads to antidepressant-like effects in different animal models, which corroborates the findings that the gene encoding for the P2X7R is located in a susceptibility locus of relevance to depression in humans. This review will discuss recent findings linked to the P2X7R involvement in stress and MDD neuropathophysiology, with special emphasis on neurochemical, neuroimmune, and neuroplastic mechanisms.
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Aricioglu F, Ozkartal CS, Bastaskin T, Tüzün E, Kandemir C, Sirvanci S, Kucukali CI, Utkan T. Antidepressant-like Effects Induced by Chronic Blockade of the Purinergic 2X7 Receptor through Inhibition of Non-like Receptor Protein 1 Inflammasome in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model of Depression in Rats. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 17:261-272. [PMID: 30905126 PMCID: PMC6478084 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2019.17.2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective Purinergic 2X7 receptor (P2X7R) activation is known to be involved in pathogenesis of depression. Our aims were to investigate P2X7R-activated inflammasome pathways in parallel with induction of depression and to test the antidepressant-like effects of the selective P2X7R antagonist Brilliant Blue G (BBG) in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Methods Male Wistar albino rats were divided into control, CUMS, CUMS+BBG25 (25 mg/kg/day) and CUMS+BBG50 (50 mg/kg/day) groups (n=10 for each group). Various stressors were applied to rats for 6 weeks to establish the CUMS model and daily BBG treatment was started at the end of 3rd week. Sucrose preference test and forced swim test (FST) were performed to assess antidepressant-like effects. Brain samples were obtained for real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analysis. Results In FST, duration of immobility was reduced in the CUMS+BBG50 group. Also, BBG treatment significantly enhanced sucrose preference. While NLRP3 gene expression levels were unchanged in rats exposed to the CUMS protocol, expression levels of other inflammasome pathway factors NLRP1, caspase-1, ASC, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6 and P2X7R were increased. BBG treatment reduced expression levels of these factors. Likewise, Iba-1 and GFAP immunoreactivities were enhanced by the CUMS protocol and this action was reversed by BBG treatment. Conclusion Chronic administration of BBG in CUMS model results in antidepressant-like activity in a dose dependent manner. Molecular and histological results show that these effects might be at least partially related to the suppression of inflammasome-related neuroinflammatory responses and suggest involvement of NLRP1 in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Aricioglu
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Marmara University School of Pharmacy
| | - Ceren Sahin Ozkartal
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Marmara University School of Pharmacy
| | - Tugce Bastaskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Marmara University School of Pharmacy
| | - Erdem Tüzün
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medical Research, Istanbul University
| | - Cansu Kandemir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine
| | - Serap Sirvanci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine
| | - Cem Ismail Kucukali
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medical Research, Istanbul University
| | - Tijen Utkan
- Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli University School of Medicine
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21
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Steiger A, Pawlowski M. Depression and Sleep. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030607. [PMID: 30708948 PMCID: PMC6386825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired sleep is both a risk factor and a symptom of depression. Objective sleep is assessed using the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG). Characteristic sleep-EEG changes in patients with depression include disinhibition of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, changes of sleep continuity, and impaired non-REM sleep. Most antidepressants suppress REM sleep both in healthy volunteers and depressed patients. Various sleep-EEG variables may be suitable as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of therapy response in depression. In family studies of depression, enhanced REM density, a measure for frequency of rapid eye movements, is characteristic for an endophenotype. Cordance is an EEG measure distinctly correlated with regional brain perfusion. Prefrontal theta cordance, derived from REM sleep, appears to be a biomarker of antidepressant treatment response. Some predictive sleep-EEG markers of depression appear to be related to hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Steiger
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Research Group Sleep Endocrinology, 80804 Munich, Germany.
| | - Marcel Pawlowski
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Research Group Sleep Endocrinology, 80804 Munich, Germany.
- Centre of Mental Health, 85049 Ingolstadt, Germany.
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Erickson EK, Grantham EK, Warden AS, Harris RA. Neuroimmune signaling in alcohol use disorder. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 177:34-60. [PMID: 30590091 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a widespread disease with limited treatment options. Targeting the neuroimmune system is a new avenue for developing or repurposing effective pharmacotherapies. Alcohol modulates innate immune signaling in different cell types in the brain by altering gene expression and the molecular pathways that regulate neuroinflammation. Chronic alcohol abuse may cause an imbalance in neuroimmune function, resulting in prolonged perturbations in brain function. Likewise, manipulating the neuroimmune system may change alcohol-related behaviors. Psychiatric disorders that are comorbid with AUD, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, and other substance use disorders, may also have underlying neuroimmune mechanisms; current evidence suggests that convergent immune pathways may be involved in AUD and in these comorbid disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of major neuroimmune cell-types and pathways involved in mediating alcohol behaviors, discuss potential mechanisms of alcohol-induced neuroimmune activation, and present recent clinical evidence for candidate immune-related drugs to treat AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Erickson
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-01095, USA.
| | - Emily K Grantham
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-01095, USA
| | - Anna S Warden
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-01095, USA
| | - R A Harris
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-01095, USA
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23
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The effects of P2X7 receptor knockout on emotional conditions over the lifespan of mice. Neuroreport 2018; 29:1479-1486. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Farooq RK, Tanti A, Ainouche S, Roger S, Belzung C, Camus V. A P2X7 receptor antagonist reverses behavioural alterations, microglial activation and neuroendocrine dysregulation in an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model of depression in mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 97:120-130. [PMID: 30015007 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A polymorphism in the P2RX7 gene that encodes for the P2X7 ionotropic ATP-gated receptor (P2X7R) protein has been shown to be associated with an increased risk for developing depressive illnesses. However, the role of P2X7R in depression is still unclear. To better understand the role of P2X7R and its subsequent impact on microglial activation, we compared the effect of the P2X7R antagonist Brilliant Blue G (BBG) with that of fluoxetine in an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model of depression in mice. Our results indicate that BBG (50 mg/kg body weight in 0.9% NaCl, 10 ml/kg/day) successfully reversed the degradation of coat states and nest-building scores induced by exposure to UCMS, similar to the conventional antidepressant fluoxetine (15 mg/kg body weight in 0.9% NaCl, 10 ml/kg/day). BBG also reversed the UCMS-induced microglial activation in cortical and hippocampal regions and the basal nuclei of mouse brains and corrected the UCMS-induced hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation. In contrast to fluoxetine, however, BBG treatment did not increase the density of doublecortin-positive cells in the dentate gyrus, indicating that BBG had no impact on hippocampal neurogenesis. These results suggest that P2X7R is involved in recovery from depressive-like states caused by exposure to UCMS in a mechanism that involves restoration of the HPA axis but not hippocampal neurogenesis. These results add to the evidence that P2X7R antagonist agents may have potential value in the pharmacological management of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rai Khalid Farooq
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; Inserm U1069, Tours, France.
| | - Arnaud Tanti
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; Inserm U1069, Tours, France
| | - Samia Ainouche
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; Inserm U1069, Tours, France
| | | | - Catherine Belzung
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; Inserm U1069, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Camus
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; Inserm U1069, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Tours, France
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25
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Deussing JM, Arzt E. P2X7 Receptor: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Depression? Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:736-747. [PMID: 30093269 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a prime contributor to global disease burden with 300 million affected patients worldwide. The persistent lack of progress with regards to pharmacotherapy stands in stark contrast to the pandemic magnitude of the disease. Alterations of inflammatory pathways in depressed patients, including altered circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, have been put forward as a potential pathophysiological mechanism. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) plays an important role regulating the release of interleukin-1β and other cytokines. Comprehensive investigation of the P2X7R Gln460Arg missense mutation (rs2230912), which has been associated with major depression and bipolar disorder, has substantially contributed to validate P2X7R as a potential genetic risk factor. We propose that P2X7R is a putative target with good prospects for therapeutic intervention in depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Deussing
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany.
| | - Eduardo Arzt
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society; and University of Buenos Aires, Argentina, Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Franklin TC, Xu C, Duman RS. Depression and sterile inflammation: Essential role of danger associated molecular patterns. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 72:2-13. [PMID: 29102801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is a major risk factor for psychiatric disorder including major depressive disorder (MDD) and can induce inflammation, which is known to be dysregulated in depression. Several clinical and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated a strong association between depressive symptoms and the expression of factors that increase inflammation. Conversely, administration of anti-inflammatory agents has been shown to ameliorate depressive symptoms, demonstrating the importance of inflammation as a mediator of depression. Although it is clear that inflammation plays a role in the pathophysiology of depression, the mechanism by which inflammation is activated in mood disorders remains unclear. To address this issue, studies have investigated the role of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) activation in stress-induced inflammation and mood disorders. However, the identification of the endogenous factors, referred to as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) that activate these receptors remains understudied. Here we review the role of DAMPs in depression and highlight the clinical evidence for elevation of DAMP signaling in MDD patients and in pre-clinical animal stress models of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina C Franklin
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
| | - Chelsea Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA.
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27
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Mayhew J, Graham BA, Biber K, Nilsson M, Walker FR. Purinergic modulation of glutamate transmission: An expanding role in stress-linked neuropathology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 93:26-37. [PMID: 29959963 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress has been extensively linked to disturbances in glutamatergic signalling. Emerging from this field of research is a considerable number of studies identifying the ability of purines at the pre-, post-, and peri-synaptic levels to tune glutamatergic neurotransmission. While the evidence describing purinergic control of glutamate has continued to grow, there has been relatively little attention given to how chronic stress modulates purinergic functions. The available research on this topic has demonstrated that chronic stress can not only disturb purinergic receptors involved in the regulation of glutamate neurotransmission, but also perturb glial-dependent purinergic signalling. This review will provide a detailed examining of the complex literature relating to glutamatergic-purinergic interactions with a focus on both neuronal and glial contributions. Once these detailed interactions have been described and contextualised, we will integrate recent findings from the field of stress research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mayhew
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
| | - B A Graham
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - K Biber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Nilsson
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - F R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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28
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TPH2 polymorphisms across the spectrum of psychiatric morbidity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 92:29-42. [PMID: 29775696 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) is the rate-limiting enzyme in brain serotonin synthesis. The TPH2 gene has frequently been investigated in relation to psychiatric morbidity. The aim of the present review is to integrate results from association studies between TPH2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and various psychiatric disorders, which we furthermore quantified with meta-analysis. We reviewed 166 studies investigating 69 TPH2 SNPs in a broad range of psychiatric disorders, including over 30,000 patients. According to our meta-analysis, TPH2 polymorphisms show strongest associations with mood disorders, suicide (attempt) and schizophrenia. Despite small effect sizes, we conclude that TPH2 SNPs in the coding and non-coding areas (rs4570625, rs11178997, rs11178998, rs10748185, rs1843809, rs4290270, rs17110747) are each associated with one or more psychopathological conditions. Our findings highlight the possible common serotonergic mechanisms of the investigated psychiatric disorders. Yet, the functional relevance of most TPH2 polymorphisms is unclear. Characterizing how exactly the different TPH2 variants influence the serotonergic neurotransmission is a next necessary step in understanding the psychiatric disorders where serotonin is implicated.
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29
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Wei L, Syed Mortadza SA, Yan J, Zhang L, Wang L, Yin Y, Li C, Chalon S, Emond P, Belzung C, Li D, Lu C, Roger S, Jiang LH. ATP-activated P2X7 receptor in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and as an emerging target for the development of novel antidepressant therapeutics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 87:192-205. [PMID: 29453990 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders are a group of psychiatric conditions that represent leading global disease burdens. Increasing evidence from clinical and preclinical studies supports that innate immune system dysfunction plays an important part in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. P2X7 receptor, belonging to the ligand-gated ion channel P2X subfamily of purinergic P2 receptors for extracellular ATP, is highly expressed in immune cells including microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) and has a vital role in mediating innate immune response. The P2X7 receptor is also important in neuron-glia signalling in the CNS. The gene encoding human P2X7 receptor is located in a locus of susceptibility to mood disorders. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress in understanding the role of the P2X7 receptor in the pathogenesis and development of mood disorders and in discovering CNS-penetrable P2X7 antagonists for potential uses in in vivo imaging to monitor brain inflammation and antidepressant therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Wei
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sharifah A Syed Mortadza
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jing Yan
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Yaling Yin
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Chaokun Li
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- Inserm UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Patrick Emond
- Inserm UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Nucléaire In Vitro, Tours, France
| | | | - Dongliang Li
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China; Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Chengbiao Lu
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China; Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Sebastien Roger
- Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université de Tours, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris Cedex 05, France.
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30
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Czamara D, Müller-Myhsok B, Lucae S. The P2RX7 polymorphism rs2230912 is associated with depression: A meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 82:272-277. [PMID: 29122639 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Various studies have investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2RX7), and rs2230912 specifically, were associated with mood disorders. While some studies found positive evidence, a large number of studies reported no significant associations. In a previously published meta-analysis, Feng et al. did not find a significant association and only moderate odds ratios (ORs) in case-control studies. They reported significant findings only for family-based studies. We revisited this finding and conducted a meta-analysis including 8,652 cases and 11,153 controls, adding unpublished results from the Munich Antidepressant Response Signature (MARS) study. We found a significant association between rs2230912 and combined mood disorders (major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD)) for the allelic, dominant and heterozygous-disadvantage model, all withstanding the threshold of correction for multiple testing. Stratifying by disorder revealed significant findings for the MDD-subgroup (OR of 1.12 for the allelic model), while the BD-subgroup presented with a lower effect size (OR of 1.05) and no significance. P2RX7 encodes a purinergic receptor which is expressed in the brain and also localized in immune cells. Animal studies and functional studies will be necessary to enlighten its involvement in the etiology of mood disorders and its applicability for pharmacological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Czamara
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
| | - B Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Biology, SyNergy, Germany; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - S Lucae
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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31
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Bhattacharya A. Recent Advances in CNS P2X7 Physiology and Pharmacology: Focus on Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:30. [PMID: 29449810 PMCID: PMC5799703 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-gated P2X7 ion channel is an abundant microglial protein in the CNS that plays an important pathological role in executing ATP-driven danger signal transduction. Emerging data has generated scientific interest and excitement around targeting the P2X7 ion channel as a potential drug target for CNS disorders. Over the past years, a wealth of data has been published on CNS P2X7 biology, in particular the role of P2X7 in microglial cells, and in vivo effects of brain-penetrant P2X7 antagonists. Likewise, significant progress has been made around the medicinal chemistry of CNS P2X7 ligands, as antagonists for in vivo target validation in models of CNS diseases, to identification of two clinical compounds (JNJ-54175446 and JNJ-55308942) and finally, discovery of P2X7 PET ligands. This review is an attempt to bring together the current understanding of P2X7 in the CNS with a focus on P2X7 as a drug target in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Bhattacharya
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, United States
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32
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Purinergic system in psychiatric diseases. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:94-106. [PMID: 28948971 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are debilitating diseases, affecting >80 million people worldwide. There are no causal cures for psychiatric disorders and available therapies only treat the symptoms. The etiology of psychiatric disorders is unknown, although it has been speculated to be a combination of environmental, stress and genetic factors. One of the neurotransmitter systems implicated in the biology of psychiatric disorders is the purinergic system. In this review, we performed a comprehensive search of the literature about the role and function of the purinergic system in the development and predisposition to psychiatric disorders, with a focus on depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism, anxiety and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. We also describe how therapeutics used for psychiatric disorders act on the purinergic system.
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33
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Lainiola M, Linden AM. Alcohol intake in two different mouse drinking models after recovery from the lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness reaction. Alcohol 2017; 65:1-10. [PMID: 29084623 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation may play an important role in the development of alcohol addiction. Recent preclinical reports suggest that enhanced innate immune system signaling increases consumption of alcohol. Our aim was to study whether consequences of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sickness reaction increase long-term alcohol intake. Adult male C57BL/6J mice, housed in individually ventilated cages, were injected with LPS intraperitoneally (i.p.) and allowed to recover from an acute sickness reaction for 1 week before analysis of their alcohol intake in two different drinking models. Effects of LPS challenge were tested in a continuous two-bottle free choice test with increasing concentrations of alcohol and in a drinking in the dark (DID) binge model. In addition, the effect of repeatedly administered LPS during abstinence periods between binge drinking was analyzed in the DID model. In addition, the DID model was used to study the effects of the microglia inhibitor minocycline (50 mg/kg/day, 4 days) and purinergic P2X7 receptor antagonist Brilliant Blue G (75 mg/kg/day, 7 days) on alcohol intake. In contrast to previous findings, pretreatment with a 1-mg/kg dose of LPS did not significantly increase ethanol consumption in the continuous two-bottle choice test. As a novel finding, we report that increasing the LPS dose to 1.5 mg/kg reduced consumption of 18 and 21% (v/v) ethanol. In the DID model, pretreatment with LPS (0.2-1.5 mg/kg) did not significantly alter 15% or 20% ethanol consumption. Neither did repeated LPS injections affect binge alcohol drinking. Minocycline reduced alcohol, but also water, intake regardless of LPS pretreatment. No data on effects of P2X7 antagonists on alcohol consumption have been previously published; therefore, we report here that subchronic Brilliant Blue G had no effect on alcohol intake in the DID model. As a conclusion, further studies are needed to validate this LPS model of the interaction between immune system activation and alcohol consumption.
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Heterozygosity for the Mood Disorder-Associated Variant Gln460Arg Alters P2X7 Receptor Function and Sleep Quality. J Neurosci 2017; 37:11688-11700. [PMID: 29079688 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3487-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism substitution from glutamine (Gln, Q) to arginine (Arg, R) at codon 460 of the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has repeatedly been associated with mood disorders. The P2X7R-Gln460Arg variant per se is not compromised in its function. However, heterologous expression of P2X7R-Gln460Arg together with wild-type P2X7R has recently been demonstrated to impair receptor function. Here we show that this also applies to humanized mice coexpressing both human P2X7R variants. Primary hippocampal cells derived from heterozygous mice showed an attenuated calcium uptake upon agonist stimulation. While humanized mice were unaffected in their behavioral repertoire under basal housing conditions, mice that harbor both P2X7R variants showed alterations in their sleep quality resembling signs of a prodromal disease stage. Also healthy heterozygous human subjects showed mild changes in sleep parameters. These results indicate that heterozygosity for the wild-type P2X7R and its mood disorder-associated variant P2X7R-Gln460Arg represents a genetic risk factor, which is potentially able to convey susceptibility to mood disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Depression and bipolar disorder are the most common mood disorders. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) regulates many cellular functions. Its polymorphic variant Gln460Arg has repeatedly been associated with mood disorders. Genetically engineered mice, with human P2X7R, revealed that heterozygous mice (i.e., they coexpress the disease-associated Gln460Arg variant together with its normal version) have impaired receptor function and showed sleep disturbances. Human participants with the heterozygote genotype also had subtle alterations in their sleep profile. Our findings suggest that altered P2X7R function in heterozygote individuals disturbs sleep and might increase the risk for developing mood disorders.
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35
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Otrokocsi L, Kittel Á, Sperlágh B. P2X7 Receptors Drive Spine Synapse Plasticity in the Learned Helplessness Model of Depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20. [PMID: 28633291 PMCID: PMC5632310 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder is characterized by structural and functional abnormalities of cortical and limbic brain areas, including a decrease in spine synapse number in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Recent studies highlighted that both genetic and pharmacological invalidation of the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2rx7) leads to antidepressant-like phenotype in animal experiments; however, the impact of P2rx7 on depression-related structural changes in the hippocampus is not clarified yet. METHODS Effects of genetic deletion of P2rx7s on depressive-like behavior and spine synapse density in the dentate gyrus were investigated using the learned helplessness mouse model of depression. RESULTS We demonstrate that in wild-type animals, inescapable footshocks lead to learned helplessness behavior reflected in increased latency and number of escape failures to subsequent escapable footshocks. This behavior is accompanied with downregulation of mRNA encoding P2rx7 and decrease of spine synapse density in the dentate gyrus as determined by electron microscopic stereology. In addition, a decrease in synaptopodin but not in PSD95 and NR2B/GluN2B protein level was also observed under these conditions. Whereas the absence of P2rx7 was characterized by escape deficit, no learned helpless behavior is observed in these animals. Likewise, no decrease in spine synapse number and synaptopodin protein levels was detected in response to inescapable footshocks in P2rx7-deficient animals. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the endogenous activation of P2rx7s in the learned helplessness model of depression and decreased plasticity of spine synapses in P2rx7-deficient mice might explain the resistance of these animals to repeated stressful stimuli.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dendritic Spines/metabolism
- Dendritic Spines/ultrastructure
- Dentate Gyrus/metabolism
- Dentate Gyrus/ultrastructure
- Depressive Disorder, Major/metabolism
- Depressive Disorder, Major/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Electroshock
- Escape Reaction/physiology
- Helplessness, Learned
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Neuronal Plasticity/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Random Allocation
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/metabolism
- Synapses/metabolism
- Synapses/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Otrokocsi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (Ms Otrokocsi, Dr Kittel, Dr Sperlágh); János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of PhD Studies, Budapest, Hungary (Ms Otrokocsi)
| | - Ágnes Kittel
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (Ms Otrokocsi, Dr Kittel, Dr Sperlágh); János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of PhD Studies, Budapest, Hungary (Ms Otrokocsi)
- Correspondence: Ágnes Kittel, PhD, DSc, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1083 Budapest, Szigony u. 43., Hungary ()
| | - Beáta Sperlágh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (Ms Otrokocsi, Dr Kittel, Dr Sperlágh); János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of PhD Studies, Budapest, Hungary (Ms Otrokocsi)
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36
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Ellul P, Boyer L, Groc L, Leboyer M, Fond G. Interleukin-1 β-targeted treatment strategies in inflammatory depression: toward personalized care. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 134:469-484. [PMID: 27744648 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is unknown whether a cytokine signature may help the identification of subgroup of patient who would respond to personalized treatment. As interleukin-1 beta (Il-1β) seems to play a major role in mood disorder, a systematic review and meta-analysis of its potential role in major depressive disorder (MDD) was carried out. METHODS A systematic search was performed to identify appropriate MDD vs. control studies pertaining to Il-1β. Methodological quality and possible moderators were also assessed. RESULTS A total of 1922 studies were identified, and 53 articles were selected. Results showed an association between increased blood IL-1β and MDD in high-quality studies only. No association with age was found. No IL-1β gene-related polymorphisms has been associated with MDD. No effect of antidepressant on IL-1β level has been found, although the antidepressants investigated were various. Qualitative analyses indicate that MDD coupled to a history of childhood trauma may be a subgroup for IL-1β -targeted therapies. No difference in studies utilizing a stimulation method has been identified to date. CONCLUSIONS The present work has confirmed IL-1β as a biological marker of interest for innovative MDD treatments. However, further studies are needed to clarify the patients with MDD who may benefit from these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ellul
- INSERM U955, eq15 Translational Psychiatry team, Paris Est University, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - L Boyer
- EA 3279 Research Unit - Public Health: Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - L Groc
- CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Leboyer
- INSERM U955, eq15 Translational Psychiatry team, Paris Est University, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, Créteil, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - G Fond
- INSERM U955, eq15 Translational Psychiatry team, Paris Est University, DHU Pe-PSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, Créteil, France.,Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
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37
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Klein M, Schmoeger M, Kasper S, Schosser A. Meta-analysis of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism in major depressive disorder: the role of gender. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 17:147-58. [PMID: 26813412 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1083615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many studies have reported an association of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and major depressive disorder (MDD), although with conflicting results. The role of gender is a possible modulator. To overcome the problem of poor sample size detecting genes of small effect, we perform a meta-analysis of the current literature, investigating the influence of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism on the pathogenesis of MDD, with a major focus on the effect of gender. METHODS Out of 977 retrieved articles, 21 included case-control studies allowed the analysis of 9005 patients with MDD and 12,095 controls. Allelic and genotypic pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated for the total sample and gender-subgroups. RESULTS In the absence of publication bias, allelic and genotypic analyses showed no significant association in the total sample, as well as in gender-specific subgroups. Sensitivity analysis did not alter the ORs. CONCLUSIONS The results imply a complex nature of the genotype × phenotype interaction. Further studies of the COMT gene or the locus remain to be justified given the important positional and functional relevance and the plethora of gender-specific findings. A possible way to further dissect this topic is shifting the focus to gene-based or genome-wide analyses of intermediate phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Klein
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Michaela Schmoeger
- b Department of Neurology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Alexandra Schosser
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.,c Zentrum Für Seelische Gesundheit Leopoldau , Vienna , Austria
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38
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Wang W, Xiang ZH, Jiang CL, Liu WZ, Shang ZL. Effects of antidepressants on P2X7 receptors. Psychiatry Res 2016; 242:281-287. [PMID: 27318632 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants including paroxetine, fluoxetine and desipramine are commonly used for treating depression. P2×7 receptors are member of the P2X family. Recent studies indicate that these receptors may constitute a novel potential target for the treatment of depression. In the present study, we examined the action of these antidepressants on cloned rat P2×7 receptors that were stably expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells by using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, and found that paroxetine at a dose of 10µM could significantly reduce the inward currents evoked by the P2×7 receptors agonist BzATP by pre-incubation for 6-12 but not by acute application (10µM) or pre-incubation for 2-6h at a dose of 1µM, 3µM or 10µM paroxetine. Neither fluoxetine nor desipramine had significant effects on currents evoked by BzATP either applied acutely or by pre-incubation at various concentrations. These results suggest that the sensitivity of rat P2×7 receptors to antidepressants is different, which may represent an unknown mechanism by which these drugs exert their therapeutic effects and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zheng-Hua Xiang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chun-Lei Jiang
- Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei-Zhi Liu
- Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Lei Shang
- Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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39
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Aprile-Garcia F, Metzger MW, Paez-Pereda M, Stadler H, Acuña M, Liberman AC, Senin SA, Gerez J, Hoijman E, Refojo D, Mitkovski M, Panhuysen M, Stühmer W, Holsboer F, Deussing JM, Arzt E. Co-Expression of Wild-Type P2X7R with Gln460Arg Variant Alters Receptor Function. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151862. [PMID: 26986975 PMCID: PMC4795689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is a member of the P2X family of ligand-gated ion channels. A single-nucleotide polymorphism leading to a glutamine (Gln) by arginine (Arg) substitution at codon 460 of the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has been associated with mood disorders. No change in function (loss or gain) has been described for this SNP so far. Here we show that although the P2X7R-Gln460Arg variant per se is not compromised in its function, co-expression of wild-type P2X7R with P2X7R-Gln460Arg impairs receptor function with respect to calcium influx, channel currents and intracellular signaling in vitro. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation and FRET studies show that the P2X7R-Gln460Arg variant physically interacts with P2X7R-WT. Specific silencing of either the normal or polymorphic variant rescues the heterozygous loss of function phenotype and restores normal function. The described loss of function due to co-expression, unique for mutations in the P2RX7 gene so far, explains the mechanism by which the P2X7R-Gln460Arg variant affects the normal function of the channel and may represent a mechanism of action for other mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Aprile-Garcia
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET- Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Matías Acuña
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET- Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana C. Liberman
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET- Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio A. Senin
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET- Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Gerez
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET- Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Hoijman
- Centro de Microscopías Avanzadas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damian Refojo
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Mišo Mitkovski
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Walter Stühmer
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Holsboer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
- HMNC Brain Health, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Eduardo Arzt
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET- Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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40
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Luo X, Stavrakakis N, Penninx BW, Bosker FJ, Nolen WA, Boomsma DI, de Geus EJ, Smit JH, Snieder H, Nolte IM, Hartman CA. Does refining the phenotype improve replication rates? A review and replication of candidate gene studies on Major Depressive Disorder and Chronic Major Depressive Disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:215-36. [PMID: 26566975 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Replication has been poor for previously reported candidate genes involved in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). One possible reason is phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. The present study replicated genetic associations with MDD as defined in DSM-IV and with a more narrowly defined MDD subtype with a chronic and severe course. We first conducted a systematic review of genetic association studies on MDD published between September 2007 and June 2012 to identify all reported candidate genes. Genetic associations were then tested for all identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the entire genes using data from the GAIN genome-wide association study (MDD: n = 1,352; chronic MDD subsample: n = 225; controls: n = 1,649). The 1,000 Genomes database was used as reference for imputation. From 157 studies identified inthe literature, 81 studies reported significant associations with MDD, involving 245 polymorphisms in 97 candidate genes, from which we were able to investigate 185 SNPs in 89 genes. We replicated nine candidate SNPs in eight genes for MDD and six in five genes for chronic MDD. However, these were not more than expected by chance. At gene level, we replicated 18 genes for MDD and 17 genes for chronic MDD, both significantly more than expected by chance. We showed that replication rates were improved for MDD compared to a previous, highly similar, replication study based on studies published before 2007. Effect sizes of the SNPs and replication rates of the candidate genes were improved in the chronic subsample compared to the full sample. Nonetheless, replication rates were still poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Luo
- Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Stavrakakis
- Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fokko J Bosker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem A Nolen
- Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eco J de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan H Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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41
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Lindberg D, Shan D, Ayers-Ringler J, Oliveros A, Benitez J, Prieto M, McCullumsmith R, Choi DS. Purinergic signaling and energy homeostasis in psychiatric disorders. Curr Mol Med 2016; 15:275-95. [PMID: 25950756 DOI: 10.2174/1566524015666150330163724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling regulates numerous vital biological processes in the central nervous system (CNS). The two principle purines, ATP and adenosine act as excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, respectively. Compared to other classical neurotransmitters, the role of purinergic signaling in psychiatric disorders is not well understood or appreciated. Because ATP exerts its main effect on energy homeostasis, neuronal function of ATP has been underestimated. Similarly, adenosine is primarily appreciated as a precursor of nucleotide synthesis during active cell growth and division. However, recent findings suggest that purinergic signaling may explain how neuronal activity is associated neuronal energy charge and energy homeostasis, especially in mental disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of the synaptic function of mitochondria and purines in neuromodulation, synaptic plasticity, and neuron-glia interactions. We summarize how mitochondrial and purinergic dysfunction contribute to mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), depression, and addiction. Finally, we discuss future implications regarding the pharmacological targeting of mitochondrial and purinergic function for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D-S Choi
- Neurobiology of Disease Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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42
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Krügel U. Purinergic receptors in psychiatric disorders. Neuropharmacology 2015; 104:212-25. [PMID: 26518371 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders describe different mental or behavioral patterns, causing suffering or poor coping of ordinary life with manifold presentations. Multifactorial processes can contribute to their development and progression. Purinergic neurotransmission and neuromodulation in the brain have attracted increasing therapeutic interest in the field of psychiatry. Purine nucleotides and nucleosides are well recognized as signaling molecules mediating cell to cell communication. The actions of ATP are mediated by ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptor subfamilies, whilst the actions of adenosine are mediated by P1 (A1 or A2) adenosine receptors. Purinergic mechanisms and specific receptor subtypes have been shown to be linked to the regulation of many aspects of behavior and mood and to dysregulation in pathological processes of brain function. In this review the recent knowledge on the role of purinergic receptors in the two most frequent psychiatric diseases, major depression and schizophrenia, as well as on related animal models is summarized. At present the most promising data for therapeutic strategies derive from investigations of the adenosine system emphasizing a unique function of A2A receptors at neurons and astrocytes in these disorders. Among the P2 receptor family, in particular P2X7 and P2Y1 receptors were related to disturbances in major depression and schizophrenia, respectively. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Purines in Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Krügel
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
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43
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Paroxetine suppresses recombinant human P2X7 responses. Purinergic Signal 2015; 11:481-90. [PMID: 26341077 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
P2X7 receptor (P2X7) activity may link inflammation to depressive disorders. Genetic variants of human P2X7 have been linked with major depression and bipolar disorders, and the P2X7 knockout mouse has been shown to exhibit anti-depressive-like behaviour. P2X7 is an ATP-gated ion channel and is a major regulator of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β) secretion from monocytes and microglia. We hypothesised that antidepressants may elicit their mood enhancing effects in part via modulating P2X7 activity and reducing inflammatory responses. In this study, we determined whether common psychoactive drugs could affect recombinant and native human P2X7 responses in vitro. Common antidepressants demonstrated opposing effects on human P2X7-mediated responses; paroxetine inhibited while fluoxetine and clomipramine mildly potentiated ATP-induced dye uptake in HEK-293 cells stably expressing recombinant human P2X7. Paroxetine inhibited dye uptake mediated by human P2X7 in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC(50) of 24 μM and significantly reduces ATP-induced inward currents. We confirmed that trifluoperazine hydrochloride suppressed human P2X7 responses (IC(50) of 6.4 μM). Both paroxetine and trifluoperazine did not inhibit rodent P2X7 responses, and mutation of a known residue (F 95L) did not alter the effect of either drug, suggesting neither drug binds at this site. Finally, we demonstrate that P2X7-induced IL-1β secretion from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed human CD14(+) monocytes was suppressed with trifluoperazine and paroxetine.
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44
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Stokes L, Spencer SJ, Jenkins TA. Understanding the role of P2X7 in affective disorders-are glial cells the major players? Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:258. [PMID: 26217184 PMCID: PMC4495333 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiology associated with several psychiatric disorders has been linked to inflammatory biomarkers. This has generated a theory of major depressive disorders as an inflammatory disease. The idea of pro-inflammatory cytokines altering behavior is now well accepted however many questions remain. Microglia can produce a plethora of inflammatory cytokines and these cells appear to be critical in the link between inflammatory changes and depressive disorders. Microglia play a known role in sickness behavior which has many components of depressive-like behavior such as social withdrawal, sleep alterations, and anorexia. Numerous candidate genes have been identified for psychiatric disorders in the last decade. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human P2X7 gene have been linked to bipolar disorder, depression, and to the severity of depressive symptoms. P2X7 is a ligand-gated cation channel expressed on microglia with lower levels found on astrocytes and on some neuronal populations. In microglia P2X7 is a major regulator of pro-inflammatory cytokines of the interleukin-1 family. Genetic deletion of P2X7 in mice is protective for depressive behavior in addition to inflammatory responses. P2X7(-/-) mice have been shown to demonstrate anti-depressive-like behavior in forced swim and tail suspension behavioral tests and stressor-induced behavioral responses were blunted. Both neurochemical (norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine) and inflammatory changes have been observed in the brains of P2X7(-/-) mice. This review will discuss the recent evidence for involvement of P2X7 in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders and propose mechanisms by which altered signaling through this ion channel may affect the inflammatory state of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Stokes
- School of Medical Sciences, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of East AngliaNorwich, UK
| | - Sarah J. Spencer
- School of Health Sciences, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Trisha A. Jenkins
- School of Medical Sciences, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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45
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Ortiz R, Ulrich H, Zarate CA, Machado-Vieira R. Purinergic system dysfunction in mood disorders: a key target for developing improved therapeutics. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 57:117-31. [PMID: 25445063 PMCID: PMC4262688 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid and purines (such as adenosine) regulate mood, sleep, activity, appetite, cognition, memory, convulsive threshold, social interaction, drive, and impulsivity. A link between purinergic dysfunction and mood disorders was first proposed a century ago. Interestingly, a recent nationwide population-based study showed elevated risk of gout in subjects with bipolar disorder (BD), and a recent meta-analysis and systematic review of placebo-controlled trials of adjuvant purinergic modulators confirmed their benefits in bipolar mania. Uric acid may modulate energy and activity levels, with higher levels associated with higher energy and BD spectrum. Several recent genetic studies suggest that the purinergic system - particularly the modulation of P1 and P2 receptor subtypes - plays a role in mood disorders, lending credence to this model. Nucleotide concentrations can be measured using brain spectroscopy, and ligands for in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of adenosine (P1) receptors have been developed, thus allowing potential target engagement studies. This review discusses the key role of the purinergic system in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Focusing on this promising therapeutic target may lead to the development of therapies with antidepressant, mood stabilization, and cognitive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Ortiz
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departament of Biochemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neuroscience, LIM27, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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46
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P2X and P2Y receptors—role in the pathophysiology of the nervous system. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23672-704. [PMID: 25530618 PMCID: PMC4284787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signalling plays a crucial role in proper functioning of the nervous system. Mechanisms depending on extracellular nucleotides and their P2 receptors also underlie a number of nervous system dysfunctions. This review aims to present the role of purinergic signalling, with particular focus devoted to role of P2 family receptors, in epilepsy, depression, neuropathic pain, nervous system neoplasms, such as glioma and neuroblastoma, neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. The above-mentioned conditions are associated with changes in expression of extracellular ectonucleotidases, P2X and P2Y receptors in neurons and glial cells, as well as releasing considerable amounts of nucleotides from activated or damaged nervous tissue cells into the extracellular space, which contributes to disturbance in purinergic signalling. The numerous studies indicate a potential possibility of using synthetic agonists/antagonists of P2 receptors in treatment of selected nervous system diseases. This is of particular significance, since numerous available agents reveal a low effectiveness and often produce side effects.
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47
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Verhoeven WM, Egger JI, van den Bergh JP, van Beek R, Kleefstra T, de Leeuw N. A 12q24.31 interstitial deletion in an adult male with MODY3: Neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological characteristics. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 167A:169-73. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Willem M.A. Verhoeven
- Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry; Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry; Venray The Netherlands
- Erasmus University Medical Centre; Department of Psychiatry; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jos I.M. Egger
- Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry; Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry; Venray The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain; Cognition and Behaviour; Behavioural Science Institute; Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Joop P.W. van den Bergh
- VieCuri Medical Centre; Department of Internal Medicine; Venlo The Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical Centre; Department of Internal Medicine; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Beek
- Department of Human Genetics; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Nicole de Leeuw
- Department of Human Genetics; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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49
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Chronic stress induces prolonged suppression of the P2X7 receptor within multiple regions of the hippocampus: a cumulative threshold spectra analysis. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 42:69-80. [PMID: 24989856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have identified that mutations in the P2X7 receptor occur with a significantly higher incidence in individuals with major depression. Consistent with these findings, a number of preclinical studies have identified that mice in which the P2X7 receptor has been deleted exhibit a higher level of resilience-like behaviour to acutely aversive situations. At present, however, no studies have examined changes in P2X7 receptor expression in otherwise healthy animals exposed to persistently stressful situations. This is significant as several lines of evidence have demonstrated that it is exposure to persistently aversive, rather than acutely aversive, situations that is associated with the emergence of mood disturbance. Accordingly, the objective of the current study was to examine whether chronic exposure to restraint stress was associated with alterations in the expression of P2X7 within the hippocampal formation. The study involved three principal groups: acute stress (1 session), chronic stress (21 sessions, 1 per day) and a chronic stress with recovery group (21 sessions, 1 per day followed by 7days of no stress) and appropriate control groups. The results of the analysis indicate that all forms of stress, regardless of the duration, provoked a reduction in P2X7 receptor expression. Comparative analysis on normalised data indicated that the magnitude of the P2X7 reduction was significantly greater in the chronic stress relative to the acute stress group. We additionally found that there was a gradual rebound in P2X7 expression, in two of nine regions examined, in animals that were allowed to recover for 7days following the final stress session. Collectively, these findings provide the first evidence that exposure to chronic restraint stress produces a pronounced and relatively persistent suppression of the P2X7 receptor within the hippocampus.
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50
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Lord B, Aluisio L, Shoblock JR, Neff RA, Varlinskaya EI, Ceusters M, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers N, Bonaventure P, Letavic MA, Deak T, Drinkenburg W, Bhattacharya A. Pharmacology of a novel central nervous system-penetrant P2X7 antagonist JNJ-42253432. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:628-41. [PMID: 25271258 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.218487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, the ATP-gated Purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2X7) is expressed in glial cells and modulates neurophysiology via release of gliotransmitters, including the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β. In this study, we characterized JNJ-42253432 [2-methyl-N-([1-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)cyclohexyl]methyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-5-carboxamide] as a centrally permeable (brain-to-plasma ratio of 1), high-affinity P2X7 antagonist with desirable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties for in vivo testing in rodents. JNJ-42253432 is a high-affinity antagonist for the rat (pKi 9.1 ± 0.07) and human (pKi 7.9 ± 0.08) P2X7 channel. The compound blocked the ATP-induced current and Bz-ATP [2'(3')-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine-5'-triphosphate tri(triethylammonium)]-induced release of IL-1β in a concentration-dependent manner. When dosed in rats, JNJ-42253432 occupied the brain P2X7 channel with an ED50 of 0.3 mg/kg, corresponding to a mean plasma concentration of 42 ng/ml. The compound blocked the release of IL-1β induced by Bz-ATP in freely moving rat brain. At higher doses/exposure, JNJ-42253432 also increased serotonin levels in the rat brain, which is due to antagonism of the serotonin transporter (SERT) resulting in an ED50 of 10 mg/kg for SERT occupancy. JNJ-42253432 reduced electroencephalography spectral power in the α-1 band in a dose-dependent manner; the compound also attenuated amphetamine-induced hyperactivity. JNJ-42253432 significantly increased both overall social interaction and social preference, an effect that was independent of stress induced by foot-shock. Surprisingly, there was no effect of the compound on either neuropathic pain or inflammatory pain behaviors. In summary, in this study, we characterize JNJ-42253432 as a novel brain-penetrant P2X7 antagonist with high affinity and selectivity for the P2X7 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lord
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Leah Aluisio
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - James R Shoblock
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Robert A Neff
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Elena I Varlinskaya
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Marc Ceusters
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Timothy W Lovenberg
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Nicholas Carruthers
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Pascal Bonaventure
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Michael A Letavic
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Terrence Deak
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Wilhelmus Drinkenburg
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Anindya Bhattacharya
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
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