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Liu L, Chen D, Huang F, Jia T, Cheng W, Pan M, Zhao M, Bu X, Liao X, Wang Y, Cao M, Qian Q, Feng J. Interference of default mode on attention networks in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its association with genetic variants and treatment outcomes. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14900. [PMID: 39145420 PMCID: PMC11325164 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Altered brain functional connectivity has been proposed as the neurobiological underpinnings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the default mode interference hypothesis is one of the most popular neuropsychological models. Here, we explored whether this hypothesis is supported in adults with ADHD and the association with high-risk genetic variants and treatment outcomes. METHODS Voxel-based whole-brain connectome analysis was conducted on resting-state functional MRI data from 84 adults with ADHD and 89 healthy controls to identify functional connectivity substrates corresponding to ADHD-related alterations. The candidate genetic variants and 12-week cognitive behavioral therapy data were leveraged from the same population to assess these associations. RESULTS We detected breakdowns of functional connectivity in the precuneus and left middle temporal gyrus in adults with ADHD, with exact contributions from decreased connectivity within the default mode, dorsal and ventral attention networks, as well as increased connectivity among them with the middle temporal gyrus serving as a crucial 'bridge'. Additionally, significant associations between the altered functional connectivity and genetic variants in both MAOA and MAOB were detected. Treatment restored brain function, with the amelioration of connectivity of the middle temporal gyrus, accompanied by improvements in ADHD core symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the interference of default mode on attention in adults with ADHD and its association with genetic risk variants and clinical management, providing insights into the underlying pathogenesis of ADHD and potential biomarkers for treatment evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Di Chen
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Mental Health Education and Counselling Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meirong Pan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhong Liao
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Miao Cao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiujin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lin Y, Li H, Zhang J, Yang Z, Zhou Y, Liu L, Qian Q. Polymorphism of Estrogen Receptor Genes and Its Interactions With Neurodevelopmental Genes in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Chinese Han Descent. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:775-785. [PMID: 37614014 PMCID: PMC10460975 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a polygenic neurodevelopmental disorder with significant gender differences. The sexual dimorphism of ADHD may be associated with estrogen acting through estrogen receptors (ESR). This study investigates the impact of ESR gene polymorphism and its interactions with neurodevelopmental genes on ADHD susceptibility. METHODS The study compared genotyping data of single nucleotide polymorphisms in ESR1 and ESR2 in 1,035 ADHD cases and 962 controls. The gene-gene interactions between ESR genes and three neurodevelopmental genes (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa gene [SNAP25], and cadherin-13 [CDH13]) in ADHD were investigated using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction and verified by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The G allele of rs960070/ESR2 (empirical p=0.0076) and the A allele of rs8017441/ESR2 (empirical p=0.0426) were found significantly higher in ADHD cases than in the controls but not in male or female subgroups. Though no difference was found in all subjects or females, the A allele of rs9340817/ESR1 (empirical p=0.0344) was found significantly higher in ADHD cases than controls in males. We also found genetic interaction models between ESR2 gene, neurodevelopmental genes and ADHD susceptibility in males (ESR2 rs960070/BDNF rs6265/BDNF rs2049046/SNAP25 rs362987/CDH13 rs6565113) and females (ESR2 rs960070/BDNF rs6265/BDNF rs2049046) separately, though it was negative in overall subjects. CONCLUSION The ESR gene polymorphism associates with ADHD among Chinese Han children, with interactions between ESR genes and neurodevelopmental genes potentially influencing the susceptibility of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Lin
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Haimei Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Qiujin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
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Liu J, Yang D, Piao C, Wang X, Sun X, Li Y, Zhang S, Wu X. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS Based Plasma Metabolomics for Identification of Paeonol's Metabolic Target in Endometriosis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020653. [PMID: 36677710 PMCID: PMC9864815 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological illness in women of reproductive age that significantly decreases life quality and fertility. Paeonol has been shown to play an important part in endometriosis treatments. Understanding the mechanism is critical for treating endometriosis. In this study, autologous transplantation combined with a 28 day ice water bath was used to create a rat model of endometriosis with cold clotting and blood stagnation. The levels of estradiol and progesterone in plasma were detected by ELISA, and the pathological changes of ectopic endometrial tissue were examined by H&E staining, which proved the efficacy of paeonol. For metabolomic analysis of plasma samples, UPLC-Q/TOF-MS was combined with multivariate statistical analysis to identify the influence of paeonol on small molecule metabolites relevant to endometriosis. Finally, the key targets were screened using a combination of network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches. The results showed that the pathological indexes of rats were improved and returned to normal levels after treatment with paeonol, which was the basis for confirming the efficacy of paeonol. Metabolomics results identified 13 potential biomarkers, and paeonol callbacks 7 of them, involving six metabolic pathways. Finally, four key genes were found for paeonol therapy of endometriosis, and the results of molecular docking revealed a significant interaction between paeonol and the four key genes. This study was successful in establishing a rat model of endometriosis with cold coagulation and blood stagnation. GCH1, RPL8, PKLR, and MAOA were the key targets of paeonol in the treatment of endometriosis. It is also demonstrated that metabolomic techniques give the potential and environment for comprehensively understanding drug onset processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dongxia Yang
- Department of Gynecology Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chengyu Piao
- Good Laboratory Practice of Drug, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Good Laboratory Practice of Drug, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaolan Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yongyan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuxiang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiuhong Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-451-82193278
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Xiong Z, Yan J, Shi S. Val158Met polymorphisms of COMT gene and serum concentrations of catecholaminergic neurotransmitters of ADHD in Chinese children and adolescents. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27867. [PMID: 34889236 PMCID: PMC8663844 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study analyzed the Val158Met polymorphisms of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene and serum concentrations of catecholaminergic neurotransmitters in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children and adolescents.All the subjects (180 paired ADHD and non-ADHD children and adolescents) were genotyped for the Val158Met polymorphisms of the COMT gene, and determined by the difference of dopamine and noradrenalin from a 1:1 paired case-control study.The frequencies of methionine (A)/A, valine (G)/A, and G/G were 51.67%, 41.11%, and 7.22% in the case group, and 62.22%, 31.11%, and 6.67% in the control group. There was a significant difference in the distribution of all genotypes of the COMT gene between the 2 groups (odds ratio = 1.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.62-2.08; χ2 = 7.80, P < .05). The serum concentrations of dopamine and noradrenalin were 1.42 ± 0.34 ng/mL and 177.70 ± 37.92 pg/mL in the case group, and 1.94 ± 0.42 ng/mL and 206.20 ± 42.45 pg/mL in the control group. There were the significant differences in the levels of dopamine and noradrenalin between the 2 groups (dopamine: t = 4.30, P < .01; noradrenalin: t = 2.24, P < .05).Our study suggested that the Val158Met polymorphisms of the COMT gene and serum concentrations of catecholaminergic neurotransmitters were associated with ADHD children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonggui Xiong
- Department of Child Health, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiong Yan
- Department of Child Health, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuhua Shi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Liu L, Zhao Q, Yu X, Xu D, Li H, Ji N, Wu Z, Cheng J, Su Y, Cao Q, Sun L, Qian Q, Wang Y. Monoaminergic Genetic Variants, Prefrontal Cortex-Amygdala Circuit, and Emotional Symptoms in Children With ADHD: Exploration Based on the Gene-Brain-Behavior Relationship. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:1272-1283. [PMID: 31910717 DOI: 10.1177/1087054719897838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between monoaminergic genetic variants and emotional lability (EL) symptoms in children with ADHD. In addition, genetic effects on prefrontal cortex (PFC)-amygdala functional connectivity (FC) were investigated. Method: Children with ADHD and controls were genotyped for five monoaminergic genetic variants and were evaluated for EL symptoms. Imaging genetic exploration was conducted with previously reported aberrant PFC-amygdala resting-state functional connectivities (RSFCs) as target features. Results: A genotypic effect on EL symptoms was only found for NET1-rs3785143, indicating higher EL symptoms in TT genotype carriers than in C-allele carriers. Imaging genetic analyses indicated a marginal effect of NET1-rs3785143 on ADHD-altered FC between the superficial amygdala (SFA) and middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Mediation analysis suggested potential effects of NET1-rs3785143 via RSFC (SFA-MFG) on EL. Conclusion:NET1 variants might participate in the pathogenesis of EL in children with ADHD by influencing the function of the PFC-amygdala circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qihua Zhao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Chaoyang District Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Defeng Xu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China
| | - Haimei Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ji
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaomin Wu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Su
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjiu Cao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiujin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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6
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Xu D, Liu L, Li H, Sun L, Yang L, Qian Q, Wang Y. Potential Role of ADRA2A Genetic Variants in the Etiology of ADHD Comorbid With Tic Disorders. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:33-43. [PMID: 29482474 DOI: 10.1177/1087054718757646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the role of the adrenergic receptor alpha-2A gene (ADRA2A) in the genetic etiology of ADHD comorbid with tic disorders (ADHD+TD). Method: Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ADRA2A were genotyped and analyzed in 936 normal controls and 1,815 ADHD probands, including 1,249 trios. Approximately 16% of the ADHD probands also had a diagnosis of TD. Results: No significant association was found between ADRA2A and ADHD in general. Case-control analyses indicated different allelic and genotypic distributions of rs553668 between ADHD+TD and controls in males. Family-based association tests showed that the G allele of rs1800544, the A allele of rs553668, and the GA haplotype consisting of these two SNPs were overtransmitted in the ADHD+TD trios, especially in males. Moreover, the allelic/genotypic distribution and allelic transmission were different between ADHD+TD and ADHD without TD. Conclusion:ADRA2A may be associated with ADHD+TD, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Xu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Haimei Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Qiujin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
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Nilsen FM, Tulve NS. A systematic review and meta-analysis examining the interrelationships between chemical and non-chemical stressors and inherent characteristics in children with ADHD. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 180:108884. [PMID: 31706600 PMCID: PMC6937727 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Children may be more vulnerable to the combined interactions of chemical and non-chemical stressors from their built, natural, and social environments when compared to adults. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed childhood neurodevelopmental disorder and is considered a major public health issue, as 75% of childhood cases persist into adulthood. ADHD is characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention, with the neurotransmitter serotonin regulating these symptoms. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) aids in serotonin uptake and is often implicated in behavioral and emotional disorders, including ADHD. When children are exposed to cigarette smoke, bisphenol A (BPA), or organophosphate pesticides, MAOA activity is inhibited. Non-chemical stressors, such as traumatic childhood experiences, and lifestyle factors, complicate the relationship between genotype and exposures to chemical stressors. But the co-occurrence among outcomes between exposures to chemical stressors, non-chemical stressors, and the low activity MAOA genotype suggest that mental illness in children may be influenced by multiple interacting factors. In this systematic review, we examine the existing literature that combines exposures to chemical and non-chemical stressors (specifically childhood trauma), MAOA characteristics, and ADHD diagnosis to investigate the interrelationships present. We observe that chemical (lead [Pb], phthalates/plasticizers, persistent organic pollutants, and cigarette smoke) exposure is significantly related to ADHD in children. We also observed that existing literature examining the interaction between MAOA, exposures to chemical stressors, and traumatic experiences and their effect on ADHD outcomes is sparse. We recommend that future studies investigating childhood ADHD include chemical and non-chemical stressors and inherent characteristics to gain a holistic understanding of childhood mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M Nilsen
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Post-Doctoral Participant, U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Nicolle S Tulve
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Jin J, Liu L, Chen W, Gao Q, Li H, Wang Y, Qian Q. The Implicated Roles of Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 ( CADM1) Gene and Altered Prefrontal Neuronal Activity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A "Gene-Brain-Behavior Relationship"? Front Genet 2019; 10:882. [PMID: 31616473 PMCID: PMC6775240 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Genes related to cell adhesion pathway have been implicated in the genetic architecture of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Cell adhesion molecule 1, encoded by CADM1 gene, is a protein which facilitates cell adhesion, highly expressed in the human prefrontal lobe. This study aimed to evaluate the association of CADM1 genotype with ADHD, executive function, and regional brain functions. Methods: The genotype data of 10-tag single nucleotide polymorphisms of CADM1 for 1,040 children and adolescents with ADHD and 963 controls were used for case–control association analyses. Stroop color–word interference test, Rey–Osterrieth complex figure test, and trail making test were conducted to assess “inhibition,” “working memory,” and “set-shifting,” respectively. A subsample (35 ADHD versus 56 controls) participated in the nested imaging genetic study. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were acquired, and the mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (mALFF) were captured. Results: Nominal significant genotypic effect of rs10891819 in “ADHD-alone” subgroup was detected (P = 0.008) with TT genotype as protective. The results did not survive multiple testing correction. No direct genetic effect was found for performance on executive function tasks. In the imaging genetic study for the “ADHD-whole” sample, rs10891819 genotype was significantly associated with altered mALFF in the right superior frontal gyrus (rSFG, peak t = 3.85, corrected P < 0.05). Specifically, the mALFFs in T-allele carriers were consistently higher than GG carriers in ADHD and control groups. Endophenotypic correlation analyses indicated a significant negative correlation between “word interference time” in Stroop (shorter “word interference time” indexing better inhibitory function) and mALFF in the rSFG (r = -0.29, P = 0.006). Finally, mediation analysis confirmed significant indirect effects from “rs10891819 genotype (T-allele carriers)” via “mALFF (rSFG)” to “inhibition (“word interference time”)” (Sobelz = -2.47; B = -2.61, 95% confidence interval -0.48 to -4.72; P = 0.009). Conclusions: Our study offered preliminary evidence to implicate the roles of CADM1 in relation to prefrontal brain activities, inhibition function, and ADHD, indicating a potential “gene–brain–behavior” relationship of the CADM1 gene. Future studies with larger samples may specifically test these hypotheses generated by our exploratory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Jin
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Wai Chen
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Paediatrics and Child Health & Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Service (CAHDS), Specialised Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services of Health in Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Haimei Li
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Qiujin Qian
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
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9
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Liu L, Cheng J, Su Y, Ji N, Gao Q, Li H, Yang L, Sun L, Qian Q, Wang Y. Deficiency of Sustained Attention in ADHD and Its Potential Genetic Contributor MAOA. J Atten Disord 2018; 22:878-885. [PMID: 25784069 DOI: 10.1177/1087054715574832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the genetic contributors to ADHD sustained attention deficit among noradrenergic genes responsible for the synthesis (dopamine-β-hydroxylase gene, DBH), transport (norepinephrine transporter gene, NET1), reception (alpha-2A adrenergic receptor gene, ADRA2A), and metabolism (monoamine oxidase A gene, MAOA) of noradrenalin (NE). METHOD A total of 456 children with ADHD and 108 normal controls were included in a digit cancellation test (DCT). DNA was collected from 242 participants and genotyped for 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of noradrenergic genes. RESULTS Compared with normal controls, children with ADHD showed a lower total score and higher mean error rate in the DCT, indicating poorer sustained attention function. Analysis of covariance showed an association between MAOA genotypes and ADHD performance in DCT, with poorer performance in risk allele carriers. No association was found for other noradrenergic genes. CONCLUSION Children with ADHD presented with a sustained attention deficit compared with normal controls. The sustained attention deficit of children with ADHD may be associated with genetic variant of MAOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- 1 Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- 1 Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yi Su
- 1 Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ji
- 1 Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Qian Gao
- 1 Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Haimei Li
- 1 Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Li Yang
- 1 Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Li Sun
- 1 Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Qiujin Qian
- 1 Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- 1 Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
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10
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Hwang IW, Lim MH, Kwon HJ, Jin HJ. Association of Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) Gene uVNTR and rs6323 Polymorphisms with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in Korean Children. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2018; 54:E32. [PMID: 30344263 PMCID: PMC6122096 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. The genetic cause of ADHD is still unclear, but the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic pathways have shown a strong association. In particular, monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) plays an important role in the catabolism of these neurotransmitters, suggesting that the MAOA gene is associated with ADHD. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between the MAOA gene polymorphisms (uVNTR and rs6323) and ADHD. Materials and methods: We collected a total of 472 Korean children (150 ADHD cases and 322 controls) using the Korean version of the Dupaul Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scales (K-ARS). Genotyping was performed by PCR and PCR-RFLP. The Behavior Assessment System for Children Second Edition (BASC-2) was used to evaluate the problem behaviors within ADHD children. Results: We observed significant associations between the rs6323 and ADHD in girls (p < 0.05) and the TT genotype was observed as a protective factor against ADHD in the recessive model (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.100⁻0.950, p = 0.022). The 3.5R-G haplotype showed a significant association in ADHD boys (p = 0.043). The analysis of subtype also revealed that the 4.5R allele of uVNTR was a risk factor for the development of ADHD in the combined symptom among girls (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.014⁻3.453, p = 0.031). In the BASC-2 analysis, the MAOA uVNTR polymorphism was associated with activities of daily living in ADHD boys (p = 0.017). Conclusion: These results suggest the importance of the MAOA gene polymorphisms in the development of ADHD in Korean children. A larger sample set and functional studies are required to further elucidate of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Wook Hwang
- Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea.
| | - Myung Ho Lim
- Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Korea.
- Department of Psychology, College of Public Welfare, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea.
| | - Ho Jang Kwon
- Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea.
| | - Han Jun Jin
- Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea.
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11
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Differences in SNP genotype distributions between complex and simple suicides. Int J Legal Med 2018; 132:1595-1601. [PMID: 29557505 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-018-1820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Ko CH, Hsieh TJ, Wang PW, Lin WC, Chen CS, Yen JY. The Altered Brain Activation of Phonological Working Memory, Dual Tasking, and Distraction Among Participants With Adult ADHD and the Effect of the MAOA Polymorphism. J Atten Disord 2018; 22:240-249. [PMID: 25777072 DOI: 10.1177/1087054715572609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to reveal the brain correlates of phonological working memory (WM), dual tasking, and distraction in adult ADHD combined with the effect of polymorphisms of monoamine oxidase A ( MAOA rs1137070 Asp470Asp). METHOD A total of 29 participants with adult ADHD and 21 controls were recruited. They completed 0-back and 2-back tasks, as wells as 2-back tasks with a dual-task effect or a distracting effect, during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. RESULTS The brain activation of WM in the bilateral inferior frontal lobe, pars opercularis, was higher among the adult ADHD group. The genotype of MAOA significantly interacted with the ADHD effect in the left inferior frontal lobe, pars opercularis. Adults with ADHD had higher activation in the left lingual area in response to the dual-tasking effect. CONCLUSION The MAOA polymorphism moderated the altered activation in pars opercularis for WM among adults with ADHD. The higher lingual gyrus activation might indicate that higher attention resources are demanded to sustain the dual-task function of adults with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Ko
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.,2 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicince, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.,3 Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Tsyh-Jyi Hsieh
- 4 Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicince, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.,5 Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Wei Wang
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lin
- 6 Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Sheng Chen
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.,2 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicince, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Yu Yen
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicince, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.,7 Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Taiwan
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13
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Xu MK, Gaysina D, Tsonaka R, Morin AJS, Croudace TJ, Barnett JH, Houwing-Duistermaat J, Richards M, Jones PB. Monoamine Oxidase A ( MAOA) Gene and Personality Traits from Late Adolescence through Early Adulthood: A Latent Variable Investigation. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1736. [PMID: 29075213 PMCID: PMC5641687 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Very few molecular genetic studies of personality traits have used longitudinal phenotypic data, therefore molecular basis for developmental change and stability of personality remains to be explored. We examined the role of the monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) on extraversion and neuroticism from adolescence to adulthood, using modern latent variable methods. A sample of 1,160 male and 1,180 female participants with complete genotyping data was drawn from a British national birth cohort, the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD). The predictor variable was based on a latent variable representing genetic variations of the MAOA gene measured by three SNPs (rs3788862, rs5906957, and rs979606). Latent phenotype variables were constructed using psychometric methods to represent cross-sectional and longitudinal phenotypes of extraversion and neuroticism measured at ages 16 and 26. In males, the MAOA genetic latent variable (AAG) was associated with lower extraversion score at age 16 (β = −0.167; CI: −0.289, −0.045; p = 0.007, FDRp = 0.042), as well as greater increase in extraversion score from 16 to 26 years (β = 0.197; CI: 0.067, 0.328; p = 0.003, FDRp = 0.036). No genetic association was found for neuroticism after adjustment for multiple testing. Although, we did not find statistically significant associations after multiple testing correction in females, this result needs to be interpreted with caution due to issues related to x-inactivation in females. The latent variable method is an effective way of modeling phenotype- and genetic-based variances and may therefore improve the methodology of molecular genetic studies of complex psychological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man K Xu
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Welten Institute, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Darya Gaysina
- EDGE Lab, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Roula Tsonaka
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alexandre J S Morin
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tim J Croudace
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Marcus Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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14
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Karmakar A, Goswami R, Saha T, Maitra S, Roychowdhury A, Panda CK, Sinha S, Ray A, Mohanakumar KP, Rajamma U, Mukhopadhyay K. Pilot study indicate role of preferentially transmitted monoamine oxidase gene variants in behavioral problems of male ADHD probands. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:109. [PMID: 28982350 PMCID: PMC5629801 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an etiologically complex childhood onset neurobehavioral disorder characterized by age-inappropriate inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Symptom severity varies widely and boys are diagnosed more frequently than girls. ADHD probands were reported to have abnormal transmissions of dopamine, serotonin, and/or noradrenaline. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and B (MAOB), mitochondrial outer membrane bound two isoenzymes, mediate degradation of these neurotransmitters and thus regulating their circulating levels. Case-control analyses in different populations, including Indians, suggested involvement of MAOA and MAOB genes in the etiology of ADHD. Due to high heritability rate of ADHD, we tested familial transmission of MAOA and MAOB variants to ADHD probands in 190 nuclear families having ADHD probands from Indo-Caucasoid ethnicity. Methods Subjects were recruited following the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-4th edition (DSM-IV). Appropriate scales were used for measuring the behavioral traits in probands. Genotyping was performed through PCR-based amplification of target sites followed by DNA-sequencing and/or gel-electrophoresis. Data obtained were analyzed by family based statistical methods. Results Out of 58 variants present in the analyzed sites only 15 were found to be polymorphic (30 bp-uVNTR, rs5906883, rs1465107, rs1465108, rs5905809, rs5906957, rs6323, rs1137070 from MAOA and rs4824562, rs56220155, rs2283728, rs2283727, rs3027441, rs6324, rs3027440 from MAOB). Statistically significant maternal transmission of alleles to male probands was observed for MAOA rs5905809 ‘G’ (p = 0.04), rs5906957 ‘A’ (p = 0.04), rs6323 ‘G’ (p = 0.0001) and MAOB rs56220155 ‘A’ (p = 0.002), rs2283728 ‘C’ (p = 0.0008), rs2283727 ‘C’ (p = 0.0008), rs3027441 ‘T’ (p = 0.003), rs6324 ‘C’ (p = 0.003), rs3027440 ‘T’ (p = 0.0002). Significantly preferential maternal transmissions of different haplotype combinations to male probands were also noticed (p < 0.05), while female probands did not reveal such transmission bias. Behavioral traits of male probands exhibited significant association with gene variants. Age of the mother at pregnancy also revealed association with risk variants of male probands. Conclusions It may be inferred that the MAOA and MAOB variants may contribute to the etiology of ADHD in the Indo-Caucasoid population and could be responsible for higher occurrence of ADHD in the boys. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-017-0469-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Karmakar
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, Manovikas Kendra, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700 107, India
| | - Rishov Goswami
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, Manovikas Kendra, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700 107, India
| | - Tanusree Saha
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, Manovikas Kendra, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700 107, India
| | - Subhamita Maitra
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, Manovikas Kendra, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700 107, India
| | - Anirban Roychowdhury
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India
| | - Chinmay Kumar Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India
| | - Swagata Sinha
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, Manovikas Kendra, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700 107, India
| | - Anirban Ray
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, 700 020, India
| | - Kochupurackal P Mohanakumar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Neurosciences, Cell Biology & Physiology Division, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700 032, India.,Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Specialty Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board PO, Kottayam, 686 009, Kerala State, India
| | - Usha Rajamma
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, Manovikas Kendra, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700 107, India.,Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Specialty Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board PO, Kottayam, 686 009, Kerala State, India
| | - Kanchan Mukhopadhyay
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, Manovikas Kendra, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700 107, India.
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15
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Klein M, Onnink M, van Donkelaar M, Wolfers T, Harich B, Shi Y, Dammers J, Arias-Vásquez A, Hoogman M, Franke B. Brain imaging genetics in ADHD and beyond - Mapping pathways from gene to disorder at different levels of complexity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:115-155. [PMID: 28159610 PMCID: PMC6947924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and often persistent neurodevelopmental disorder. Beyond gene-finding, neurobiological parameters, such as brain structure, connectivity, and function, have been used to link genetic variation to ADHD symptomatology. We performed a systematic review of brain imaging genetics studies involving 62 ADHD candidate genes in childhood and adult ADHD cohorts. Fifty-one eligible research articles described studies of 13 ADHD candidate genes. Almost exclusively, single genetic variants were studied, mostly focussing on dopamine-related genes. While promising results have been reported, imaging genetics studies are thus far hampered by methodological differences in study design and analysis methodology, as well as limited sample sizes. Beyond reviewing imaging genetics studies, we also discuss the need for complementary approaches at multiple levels of biological complexity and emphasize the importance of combining and integrating findings across levels for a better understanding of biological pathways from gene to disease. These may include multi-modal imaging genetics studies, bioinformatic analyses, and functional analyses of cell and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marten Onnink
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Donkelaar
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Wolfers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Harich
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Dammers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vásquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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16
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Liu L, Cheng J, Li H, Su Y, Sun L, Yang L, Qian Q, Wang Y. Association of Y-linked variants with impulsivity and aggression in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder of Chinese Han descent. Psychiatry Res 2017; 252:185-187. [PMID: 28284086 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Y chromosome plays important role in brain function and may help to explain the sex difference in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A total of 857 boys with ADHD and 574 male controls were genotyped for 14 Y-linked markers. Analyses for both dichotomous phenotype and quantitative traits and the interaction effects with MAOA were performed. The results indicated significant association of four markers (M88, M95, M175, and M119) with inhibition function and aggression in boys with ADHD. Positive interaction effects with MAOA were also detected. In conclusion, some Y-linked variants may be associated with the impulsivity and aggression in boys with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Haimei Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yi Su
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Qiujin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
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17
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Jackson DB, Beaver KM. Evidence of a Gene × Environment Interaction Between Birth Weight and Genetic Risk in the Prediction of Criminogenic Outcomes Among Adolescent Males. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2016; 60:99-120. [PMID: 25145687 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x14547494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have revealed that low birth weight children have a heightened risk of various maladaptive outcomes, including academic challenges and delinquent involvement. However, very little research to date has examined whether the relationship between low birth weight, poor academic performance, and delinquent peer affiliation is moderated by genetic risk. Using data from the National Longitudinal study of Adolescent Health, the present study examines whether male adolescents born at very low birth weights are significantly predisposed to poor academic performance and delinquent peer affiliation. Moreover, we test whether the effect of birth weight on these outcomes is conditioned by level of genetic risk. We find no evidence that very low birth weight males are more likely to affiliate with delinquent peers or perform poorly in school during adolescence. However, upon examining gene-environment interactions, we find that being born at a very low birth weight does significantly increase the odds of poor academic performance and delinquent peer affiliation among males who possess a higher level of genetic risk. Limitations are noted and the implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin M Beaver
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA Center for Social and Humanities Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Jackson DB, Beaver KM. The Influence of Nutritional Factors on Verbal Deficits and Psychopathic Personality Traits: Evidence of the Moderating Role of the MAOA Genotype. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:15739-55. [PMID: 26690459 PMCID: PMC4690953 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121215017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study explores whether: (a) nutritional factors among adolescent males predict their risk of exhibiting verbal deficits and psychopathic traits during adulthood and (b) the link between nutritional factors and these outcomes is conditioned by the MAOA genotype. The study analyzes data from the U.S. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a nationally representative, genetically informative sample. We find evidence that meal deprivation increases the likelihood of both verbal deficits and psychopathic personality traits, whereas poor quality nutrition increases the risk of verbal deficits. We detect the presence of a number of gene-environment interactions between measures of food quality and MAOA genotype, but no evidence of GxE in the case of meal deprivation. Limitations are noted and avenues for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Criminal Justice, College of Public Policy, 501 W. Cesar E. Chavez Blvd, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA.
| | - Kevin M Beaver
- College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 145 Convocation Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, FL 32306-1273, USA.
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, TX 78207, USA.
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19
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Rovaris DL, Mota NR, da Silva BS, Girardi P, Victor MM, Grevet EH, Bau CH, Contini V. Should we keep on? Looking into pharmacogenomics of ADHD in adulthood from a different perspective. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 15:1365-81. [PMID: 25155937 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable proportion of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) do not respond to the treatment with methylphenidate. This scenario could be due to inherited interindividual differences that may alter pharmacologic treatment response. In this sense, in 2012 we conducted a systematic search on PUBMED-indexed literature for articles containing information about pharmacogenomics of ADHD in adults. Five studies were found on methylphenidate pharmacogenomics and the only significant association was reported by one particular study. However, this single association with the SLC6A3 gene was not replicated in two subsequent reports. In the present review, although we could not find additional pharmacogenomics studies, we discuss these up-to-date findings and suggest new approaches for this field. Additionally, using systeomic-oriented databases, we provide a broad picture of new possible candidate genes as well as potential gene-gene interactions to be investigated in pharmacogenomics of persistent ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego L Rovaris
- Departament of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
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Gao Q, Liu L, Chen Y, Li H, Yang L, Wang Y, Qian Q. Synaptosome-related (SNARE) genes and their interactions contribute to the susceptibility and working memory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in males. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 57:132-9. [PMID: 25445064 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex involved in neurotransmission via exocytosis was implicated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study investigated the influence of SNARE related genes and their interaction on ADHD susceptibility and their cognitive functions. METHODS We genotyped eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of Syntaxin 1A (STX1A), vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) and synaptosomal-associated protein 25 kDa (SNAP25) and conducted case-control studies in 1404 male ADHD and 617 male controls. Quantitative analyses were performed for genotypes and performance on the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test (RCFT), digit span test and Stroop test in 383 ADHD males. In addition, we explored gene-gene interactions by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) followed with logistic regression and analyses of covariance for verifying. RESULTS Genotypic distribution of rs875342 of STX1A was significantly different between ADHD and controls. The SNPs, rs363039 of SNAP25 and rs1150 of VAMP2, were significantly associated with RCFT scores, while rs875342 of STX1A with digit span. We found genetic interaction models between these three genes and ADHD susceptibility as well as working memory function evaluated by RCFT. CONCLUSION SNARE complex genes and their interactions may play a significant role in susceptibility and working memory of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haimei Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiujin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
In addition to the symptoms singled out by the diagnostic criteria for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a comprehensive definition should inform us of the events that trigger ADHD in both its acute and chronic manifestations; the neurobiology that underlies it; and the evolutionary forces that have kept it in the germ line of our species. These factors are organized in terms of Aristotle's four kinds of "causes," or explanations: formal, efficient, material, and final. This framework systematizes the nosology, biology, psychology, and evolutionary pressures that cause ADHD.
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Gao Q, Liu L, Li HM, Tang YL, Wu ZM, Chen Y, Wang YF, Qian QJ. Interactions between MAOA and SYP polymorphisms were associated with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Chinese Han subjects. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168B:45-53. [PMID: 25487813 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As candidate genes of attention--deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), and synaptophysin (SYP) are both on the X chromosome, and have been suggested to be associated with the predominantly inattentive subtype (ADHD-I). The present study is to investigate the potential gene-gene interaction (G × G) between rs5905859 of MAOA and rs5906754 of SYP for ADHD in Chinese Han subjects. For family-based association study, 177 female trios were included. For case-control study, 1,462 probands and 807 normal controls were recruited. The ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV) was used to evaluate ADHD symptoms. Pedigree-based generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (PGMDR) for female ADHD trios indicated significant gene interaction effect of rs5905859 and rs5906754. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) indicated potential gene-gene interplay on ADHD RS-IV scores in female ADHD-I. No associations were observed in male subjects in case-control analysis. In conclusion, our findings suggested that the interaction of MAOA and SYP may be involved in the genetic mechanism of ADHD-I subtype and predict ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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GAO Q, LIU L, QIAN Q, WANG Y. Advances in molecular genetic studies of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in China. SHANGHAI ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY 2014; 26:194-206. [PMID: 25317006 PMCID: PMC4194002 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric condition in children worldwide that typically includes a combination of symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Genetic factors are believed to be important in the development and course of ADHD so many candidate genes studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been conducted in search of the genetic mechanisms that cause or influence the condition. This review provides an overview of gene association and pharmacogenetic studies of ADHD from mainland China and elsewhere that use Han Chinese samples. To date, studies from China and elsewhere remain inconclusive so future studies need to consider alternative analytic techniques and test new biological hypotheses about the relationship of neurotransmission and neurodevelopment to the onset and course of this disabling condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian GAO
- Peking University Sixth Hospital Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu LIU
- Peking University Sixth Hospital Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiujin QIAN
- Peking University Sixth Hospital Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng WANG
- Peking University Sixth Hospital Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Kwon HJ, Jin HJ, Lim MH. Association between monoamine oxidase gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Korean children. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2014; 18:505-9. [PMID: 24977324 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder of the school-age population. ADHD is familial and genetic studies estimate heritability at 80-90%. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the genetic type and alleles for the monoamine oxidase (MAO) gene in Korean children with ADHD. The sample consisted of 180 ADHD children and 159 control children. We diagnosed ADHD according to DSM-IV. ADHD symptoms were evaluated with Conners' Parent Rating Scales and Dupaul Parent ADHD Rating Scales. Blood samples were taken from the 339 subjects, DNA was extracted from blood lymphocytes, and polymerase chain reaction was performed for MAO polymorphism. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared using the chi-square test. We compared the allele and genotype frequencies of MAO gene polymorphism in the ADHD and control groups. This study showed that there was a significant correlation among the frequencies of the rs5906883 (odds ratio [OR]=1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.08-2.00, p=0.014) and the rs3027407 (OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.03-1.91, p=0.029) alleles of MAO, but the final conclusions are not definite. Follow-up studies with larger patient or pure subgroups are expected. These results suggested that MAO might be related to ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jang Kwon
- 1 Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital , Cheonan, South Korea
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van Velzen LS, Vriend C, de Wit SJ, van den Heuvel OA. Response inhibition and interference control in obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:419. [PMID: 24966828 PMCID: PMC4052433 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, motor response inhibition and interference control have received considerable scientific effort and attention, due to their important role in behavior and the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. Results of neuroimaging studies indicate that motor response inhibition and interference control are dependent on cortical–striatal–thalamic–cortical (CSTC) circuits. Structural and functional abnormalities within the CSTC circuits have been reported for many neuropsychiatric disorders, including obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and related disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Tourette’s syndrome, and trichotillomania. These disorders also share impairments in motor response inhibition and interference control, which may underlie some of their behavioral and cognitive symptoms. Results of task-related neuroimaging studies on inhibitory functions in these disorders show that impaired task performance is related to altered recruitment of the CSTC circuits. Previous research has shown that inhibitory performance is dependent upon dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin signaling, neurotransmitters that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of these disorders. In this narrative review, we discuss the common and disorder-specific pathophysiological mechanisms of inhibition-related dysfunction in OCD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S van Velzen
- GGZ InGeest , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA) , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Chris Vriend
- GGZ InGeest , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA) , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Stella J de Wit
- GGZ InGeest , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA) , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA) , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands
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Association study between monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia: lack of association with schizophrenia and possible association with affective disturbances of schizophrenia. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:3457-64. [PMID: 24510409 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) catalyzes monoamine neurotransmitters including dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin), and norepinephrine. MAOA also plays a key role in emotional regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between the exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MAOA gene located on the X chromosome and schizophrenia. We also analyzed the relationships between these SNPs and the common clinical symptoms of schizophrenia such as persecutory delusion, auditory hallucinations, affective disturbances, and poor concentration. Two hundred seventy five Korean schizophrenia patients and 289 control subjects were recruited. Three SNPs [rs6323 (Arg294Arg), rs1137070 (Asp470Asp), and rs3027407 (3'-untranslated region)] of the MAOA gene were selected and genotyped by direct sequencing. The common clinical symptoms of schizophrenia according to the Operation Criteria Checklist were analyzed. Three examined SNPs showed no associations with male and female schizophrenia, respectively (p>0.05). In the analysis of the common clinical symptoms of schizophrenia patients, three examined SNPs were associated with affective disturbances, especially restricted affect and blunted affect in male schizophrenia, respectively (restricted affect, p=0.002, OR=2.71, 95% CI 1.45-5.00; blunted affect, p=0.009, OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.22-4.12). The SNPs were not associated with other clinical symptoms of schizophrenia (persecutory delusion, auditory hallucinations, and poor concentration). These results suggest that exonic SNPs (rs6323, rs1137070, and rs3027407) of the MAOA gene may be contributed to affective disturbances of Korean males schizophrenia, especially restricted affect and blunted affect.
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Prenatal iron deficiency and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) polymorphisms: combined risk for later cognitive performance in rhesus monkeys. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 9:381. [PMID: 24402517 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-013-0381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene polymorphisms resulting in high and low transcription rates are associated with individual differences in reward efficacy and response inhibition. Iron deficiency (ID) is the most frequent single-nutrient deficiency worldwide, and prenatal ID has recently been shown to carry a risk for lower mental development scores in infants. In this study, a potential interaction of MAOA genotype and prenatal ID was studied in young male rhesus monkeys. Cognitive tasks, including problem solving, responsiveness to reward and attention, were used to characterize the potential interaction of these two fetal risks. ID was induced by feeding rhesus monkey dams an iron-deficient (10 ppm, ID) or an iron-sufficient (100 ppm, IS) diet during gestation (n = 10/group). Subgroups of the ID and IS diet offspring had low-MAOA or high-MAOA transcription rate polymorphisms. ID combined with low-MAOA genotype showed distinctive effects on reward preference and problem solving while ID in hi-MAOA juveniles modified response inhibition. Given the incidence of ID and MAOA polymorphisms in humans, this interaction could be a significant determinant of cognitive performance.
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Liu L, Sun L, Li ZH, Li HM, Wei LP, Wang YF, Qian QJ. BAIAP2 exhibits association to childhood ADHD especially predominantly inattentive subtype in Chinese Han subjects. Behav Brain Funct 2013; 9:48. [PMID: 24377651 PMCID: PMC3892012 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-9-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common chronic neurodevelopmental disorder with a high heritability. Much evidence of hemisphere asymmetry has been found for ADHD probands from behavioral level, electrophysiological level and brain morphology. One previous research has reported possible association between BAIAP2, which is asymmetrically expressed in the two cerebral hemispheres, with ADHD in European population. The present study aimed to investigate the association between BAIAP2 and ADHD in Chinese Han subjects. METHODS A total of 1,397 ADHD trios comprised of one ADHD proband and their parents were included for family-based association tests. Independent 569 ADHD cases and 957 normal controls were included for case-control studies. Diagnosis was performed according to the DSM-IV criteria. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of BAIAP2 were chosen and performed genotyping for both family-based and case-control association studies. RESULTS Transmission disequilibrium tests (TDTs) for family-based association studies showed significant association between the CA haplotype comprised by rs3934492 and rs9901648 with predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-I). For case-control study, chi-square tests provided evidence for the contribution of SNP rs4969239, rs3934492 and rs4969385 to ADHD and its two clinical subtypes, ADHD-I and ADHD-C. However, only the associations for ADHD and ADHD-I retained significant after corrections for multiplicity or logistic regression analyses adjusting the potential confounding effect of gender and age. CONCLUSIONS These above results indicated the possible involvement of BAIAP2 in the etiology of ADHD, especially ADHD-I.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiu-Jin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China.
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Association between SYP with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Chinese Han subjects: differences among subtypes and genders. Psychiatry Res 2013; 210:308-14. [PMID: 23726717 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of neurotransmitters has been suggested to be involved in the etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Hence, genes encoding proteins involved in the vesicular release process of those neurotransmitters are attractive candidates in ADHD genetics. One of these genes is SYP, which encodes synaptophysin, a protein known to participate in regulating neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. Several studies have reported an association between SYP and ADHD, but more work is needed to refine the association. In the present study, we attempt to investigate their association in Chinese Han subjects by family-based and case-control studies. Transmission disequilibrium tests (TDTs) in 1112 trios found significant association between SYP and the predominantly inattentive subtype (ADHD-I), especially for males with ADHD-I, both from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and haplotypic analyses. Chi-square tests in 1682 ADHD probands and 957 comparison subjects indicated possible association of SYP with female ADHD and female ADHD-I. However, the associated alleles and haplotypes between males and females were reversed. In conclusion, our results suggested that SYP may be primarily associated with ADHD-I and its genetic mechanism may be gender-specific. Thus, it is necessary to take subtype and gender into account in ADHD genetic studies.
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Liu S, Yin Y, Wang Z, Zhang X, Ma X. Association study between MAO-A gene promoter VNTR polymorphisms and obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2013; 27:435-7. [PMID: 23746491 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A functional variant in the mono-amine oxidase-A (MAO-A) gene has been shown to affect neural function related to several mental disorders. Therefore, we would like to ascertain if MAO-A could be a candidate gene for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We genotyped 414 healthy subjects and 240 OCD patients and found no significant difference not only in allele frequencies in male patients (χ(2) = 0.365, DF = 1, P = 0.545, odds ratio (OR) = 1.139, confidence interval (CI) = 0.75-1.74) but also in allele frequencies (χ(2) = 0.698, DF = 1, P = 0.404, OR = 0.849, CI = 0.579-1.246) or genotypic frequencies (χ(2)=0.933, DF = 2, P = 0.627) in female patients between OCD patients and controls. Given that this is the first investigation of this gene in OCD in a Chinese Han population, further studies are required to obtain more definitive conclusions in a larger number of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguo Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Jupp B, Caprioli D, Dalley JW. Highly impulsive rats: modelling an endophenotype to determine the neurobiological, genetic and environmental mechanisms of addiction. Dis Model Mech 2013; 6:302-11. [PMID: 23355644 PMCID: PMC3597013 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.010934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity describes the tendency of an individual to act prematurely without foresight and is associated with a number of neuropsychiatric co-morbidities, including drug addiction. As such, there is increasing interest in the neurobiological mechanisms of impulsivity, as well as the genetic and environmental influences that govern the expression of this behaviour. Tests used on rodent models of impulsivity share strong parallels with tasks used to assess this trait in humans, and studies in both suggest a crucial role of monoaminergic corticostriatal systems in the expression of this behavioural trait. Furthermore, rodent models have enabled investigation of the causal relationship between drug abuse and impulsivity. Here, we review the use of rodent models of impulsivity for investigating the mechanisms involved in this trait, and how these mechanisms could contribute to the pathogenesis of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Jupp
- Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences Institute and The Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
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32
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Deftereos SN, Dodou E, Andronis C, Persidis A. From depression to neurodegeneration and heart failure: re-examining the potential of MAO inhibitors. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2013; 5:413-25. [PMID: 22943121 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.12.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Initially introduced in the 1950s for treating depression, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors were gradually abandoned, mainly owing to their potential for drug-drug and drug-food interactions, the most widely known being with tyramine-containing food (the 'cheese' effect). Since then, more selective MAO-A or MAO-B inhibitors have been developed with substantially reduced risks, and have been approved for the treatment of depression and Parkinson's disease, respectively. Recent research suggests that some of these drugs also have neuroprotective properties, while preclinical evidence expands the spectrum of potential indications to heart failure, renal diseases and multiple sclerosis. In this article, the authors review the relevance of MAO isoforms to disease, and they also outline current research and development efforts in this class of drugs, including newer multipotent compounds.
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Stoltenberg SF, Christ CC, Highland KB. Serotonin system gene polymorphisms are associated with impulsivity in a context dependent manner. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 39:182-91. [PMID: 22735397 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity is a risk factor for adverse outcomes and characterizes several psychiatric disorders and risk for suicide. There is strong evidence that genetic variation influences individual differences in impulsivity, but the details are not yet understood. There is growing interest in better understanding the context dependency of genetic effects that is reflected in studies examining gender specificity, gene×environment interaction and epistasis (gene-gene interaction). In a cross-sectional study we examined whether polymorphisms in six serotonin system candidate genes and the experience of early life trauma (age 0-12) were associated with individual differences in impulsivity in a non-clinical sample of Caucasian university students (N=424). We specifically tested potential gender specific, gene-gene, and gene×environment (early life trauma) effects. In our main analyses with Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) total score, there were significant (i.e. p<.01 and False Discovery Rate <.10) interactions between (1) gender and TPH2 (rs1386483) genotype; (2) gender and HTR2A (rs6313) genotype; and epistatic interactions among (3) 5-HTTLPR and MAOA uVNTR; (4) 5-HTTLPR and rs6313 and (5) HTR1B (rs6296) and rs6313 genotypes. Our results strongly support the explicit investigation of context dependent genetic effects on impulsivity and may help to resolve some of the conflicting reports in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott F Stoltenberg
- Behavior Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588‐0308, USA.
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