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Panduro A, Roman S, Mariscal-Martinez IM, Jose-Abrego A, Gonzalez-Aldaco K, Ojeda-Granados C, Ramos-Lopez O, Torres-Reyes LA. Personalized medicine and nutrition in hepatology for preventing chronic liver disease in Mexico. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1379364. [PMID: 38784134 PMCID: PMC11113077 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1379364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease is a global health issue. Patients with chronic liver disease require a fresh approach that focuses on the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to disease initiation and progression. Emerging knowledge in the fields of Genomic Medicine and Genomic Nutrition demonstrates differences between countries in terms of genetics and lifestyle risk factors such as diet, physical activity, and mental health in chronic liver disease, which serves as the foundation for the implementation of Personalized Medicine and Nutrition (PerMed-Nut) strategies. Most of the world's populations have descended from various ethnic groupings. Mexico's population has a tripartite ancestral background, consisting of Amerindian, European, and African lineages, which is common across Latin America's regional countries. The purpose of this review is to discuss the genetic and environmental components that could be incorporated into a PerMed-Nut model for metabolic-associated liver disease, viral hepatitis B and C, and hepatocellular carcinoma in Mexico. Additionally, the implementation of the PerMed-Nut approach will require updated medicine and nutrition education curricula. Training and equipping future health professionals and researchers with new clinical and investigative abilities focused on preventing liver illnesses in the field of genomic hepatology globally is a vision that clinicians and nutritionists should be concerned about.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Panduro
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sonia Roman
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Irene M. Mariscal-Martinez
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alexis Jose-Abrego
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Karina Gonzalez-Aldaco
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Claudia Ojeda-Granados
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Torres-Reyes
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Shahzad MF, Xu S, Khan KI, Hasnain MF. Effect of social influence, environmental awareness, and safety affordance on actual use of 5G technologies among Chinese students. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22442. [PMID: 38105309 PMCID: PMC10725885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
5G technology continues to evolve, and its potential to revolutionize various aspects of society is becoming increasingly evident. However, the successful adoption and utilization of 5G technology depends on various factors, particularly among consumers expected to be early adopters and critical drivers of technological advancements. This study investigates the effect of social influence, environmental awareness, and safety affordance on Chinese university students' actual use of 5G (AU5G) technologies. It also analyzed the mediating role of trustworthiness and intention to use 5G (ITU5G) between them and the moderating role of facilitation conditions between trustworthiness and ITU5G. Data was collected from university students (n = 364) in Beijing and was examined employing the structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. The outcomes confirm that trustworthiness and ITU5G significantly mediate the relationship between social influence, environmental awareness, and safety affordance on AU5G technologies among Chinese students. Further, the supportive facilitation conditions strengthen the relationship between trustworthiness and ITU5G. These findings are backed by UTAUT2 models that support the technology acceptance and adoption among the users. The study outcomes can help policymakers design strategies to address potential barriers and encourage greater uptake of 5G services among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farrukh Shahzad
- College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuo Xu
- College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kanwal Iqbal Khan
- Department of Management Sciences, University of Engineering and Technology, New Campus, Kala Shah Kaku, Pakistan
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Alsaigh H, Alrashdi M. Geometric analysis of tooth size among different malocclusion groups in a Hispanic population. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023; 164:646-656. [PMID: 37278676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tooth size ratio is important for optimal dentofacial esthetics, occlusal interdigitation, and postorthodontic treatment stability. Tooth geometry influences tooth size ratio; therefore, tooth size normative data may not be practical across diverse ethnic groups. This study aimed to determine whether there are significant differences in 3-dimensional tooth size among patients in the Hispanic population with Angle Class I, II, and III malocclusions. METHODS The data were collected using intraoral scanned orthodontic study models representing Hispanic orthodontic patients with Angle Class I, II, and III malocclusions. The scanned models were digitized and transferred to a geometric morphometric system. Tooth sizes were determined, quantified, and visualized using contemporary geometric morphometric computational tools. RESULTS Tooth size was determined for all teeth and showed a significant difference in 4 out of 28 teeth: Maxillary right first molar, mandibular left second molar, mandibular right first molar and mandibular right second molar. This significant difference was noted among females and affected different malocclusion groups. CONCLUSIONS Tooth size discrepancy in the Hispanic population varies among malocclusion groups, and the variation is determined by the participant's gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Alsaigh
- Orthodontic Section, Dentistry Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Murad Alrashdi
- Department of Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Gómez R, Tapia-Guerrero YS, Cisneros B, Orozco L, Cerecedo-Zapata C, Mendoza-Caamal E, Leyva-Gómez G, Leyva-García N, Velázquez-Pérez L, Magaña JJ. Genetic Distribution of Five Spinocerebellar Ataxia Microsatellite Loci in Mexican Native American Populations and Its Impact on Contemporary Mestizo Populations. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13010157. [PMID: 35052497 PMCID: PMC8775409 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) conform a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance. Five of the most frequent SCAs are caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the exons of specific genes. The SCAs incidence and the distribution of polymorphic CAG alleles vary among populations and ethnicities. Thus, characterization of the genetic architecture of ethnically diverse populations, which have undergone recent admixture and demographic events, could facilitate the identification of genetic risk factors. Owing to the great ethnic diversity of the Mexican population, this study aimed to analyze the allele frequencies of five SCA microsatellite loci (SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, and SCA7) in eleven Mexican Native American (MNA) populations. Data from the literature were used to compare the allelic distribution of SCA loci with worldwide populations. The SCA loci allelic frequencies evidenced a certain genetic homogeneity in the MNA populations, except for Mayans, who exhibited distinctive genetic profiles. Neither pathological nor large normal alleles were found in MNA populations, except for the SCA2 pre-mutated allele in the Zapotec population. Collectively, our findings demonstrated the contribution of the MNA ancestry in shaping the genetic structure of contemporary Mexican Mestizo populations. Our results also suggest that Native American ancestry has no impact on the origin of SCAs in the Mexican population. Instead, the acquisition of pathological SCA alleles could be associated with European migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Gómez
- Department of Toxicology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Yessica S. Tapia-Guerrero
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Genetics, National Rehabilitation Institute-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (Y.S.T.-G.); (C.C.-Z.); (N.L.-G.)
| | - Bulmaro Cisneros
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Laboratory of Immunogenomics and Metabolic Diseases, National Genomic Medicine Institute (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (L.O.); (E.M.-C.)
| | - César Cerecedo-Zapata
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Genetics, National Rehabilitation Institute-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (Y.S.T.-G.); (C.C.-Z.); (N.L.-G.)
- Rehabilitation and Social Inclusion Center of Veracruz (CRIS-DIF), Xalapa, Veracruz 91097, Mexico
| | - Elvia Mendoza-Caamal
- Laboratory of Immunogenomics and Metabolic Diseases, National Genomic Medicine Institute (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (L.O.); (E.M.-C.)
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Norberto Leyva-García
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Genetics, National Rehabilitation Institute-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (Y.S.T.-G.); (C.C.-Z.); (N.L.-G.)
| | | | - Jonathan J. Magaña
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Genetics, National Rehabilitation Institute-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (Y.S.T.-G.); (C.C.-Z.); (N.L.-G.)
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de México (ITESM-CCM), Mexico City 14380, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(55)-5999-1000 (ext. 14708)
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Bodner M, Perego UA, Gomez JE, Cerda-Flores RM, Rambaldi Migliore N, Woodward SR, Parson W, Achilli A. The Mitochondrial DNA Landscape of Modern Mexico. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091453. [PMID: 34573435 PMCID: PMC8467843 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mexico is a rich source for anthropological and population genetic studies with high diversity in ethnic and linguistic groups. The country witnessed the rise and fall of major civilizations, including the Maya and Aztec, but resulting from European colonization, the population landscape has dramatically changed. Today, the majority of Mexicans do not identify themselves as Indigenous but as admixed, and appear to have very little in common with their pre-Columbian predecessors. However, when the maternally inherited mitochondrial (mt)DNA is investigated in the modern Mexican population, this is not the case. Control region sequences of 2021 samples deriving from all over the country revealed an overwhelming Indigenous American legacy, with almost 90% of mtDNAs belonging to the four major pan-American haplogroups A2, B2, C1, and D1. This finding supports a very low European contribution to the Mexican gene pool by female colonizers and confirms the effectiveness of employing uniparental markers as a tool to reconstruct a country’s history. In addition, the distinct frequency and dispersal patterns of Indigenous American and West Eurasian clades highlight the benefit such large and country-wide databases provide for studying the impact of colonialism from a female perspective and population stratification. The importance of geographical database subsets not only for forensic application is clearly demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bodner
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Ugo A. Perego
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (U.A.P.); (N.R.M.)
- Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, UT 84115, USA; (J.E.G.); (S.R.W.)
- Department of Math and Science, Southeastern Community College, Burlington, IA 52655, USA
| | - J. Edgar Gomez
- Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, UT 84115, USA; (J.E.G.); (S.R.W.)
- FamilySearch Int., Salt Lake City, UT 84150, USA
| | | | - Nicola Rambaldi Migliore
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (U.A.P.); (N.R.M.)
| | - Scott R. Woodward
- Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, UT 84115, USA; (J.E.G.); (S.R.W.)
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Forensic Science Program, Penn State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
- Correspondence: (W.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (U.A.P.); (N.R.M.)
- Correspondence: (W.P.); (A.A.)
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Jablonski NG. The evolution of human skin pigmentation involved the interactions of genetic, environmental, and cultural variables. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:707-729. [PMID: 33825328 PMCID: PMC8359960 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The primary biological role of human skin pigmentation is as a mediator of penetration of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) into the deep layers of skin and the cutaneous circulation. Since the origin of Homo sapiens, dark, protective constitutive pigmentation and strong tanning abilities have been favored under conditions of high UVR and represent the baseline condition for modern humans. The evolution of partly depigmented skin and variable tanning abilities has occurred multiple times in prehistory, as populations have dispersed into environments with lower and more seasonal UVR regimes, with unique complements of genes and cultural practices. The evolution of extremes of dark pigmentation and depigmentation has been rare and occurred only under conditions of extremely high or low environmental UVR, promoted by positive selection on variant pigmentation genes followed by limited gene flow. Over time, the evolution of human skin pigmentation has been influenced by the nature and course of human dispersals and modifications of cultural practices, which have modified the nature and actions of skin pigmentation genes. Throughout most of prehistory and history, the evolution of human skin pigmentation has been a contingent and non-deterministic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina G. Jablonski
- Department of AnthropologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
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Fritz J, Lopez-Ridaura R, Choudhry S, Razo C, Lamadrid-Figueroa H. The association of Native American genetic ancestry and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: A representative study of a highly admixed population. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 32:e23426. [PMID: 32329554 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hispanic populations typically show a high prevalence of dyslipidemias, especially of low high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) or HDL cholesterol. Highly admixed populations are ideal groups to clarify the role of genetic ancestry on HDL concentrations, isolating it from that of other factors. The objective of this study was to estimate the association between Native American genetic ancestry and HDL-cholesterol levels independent of socioeconomic factors in a representative sample of the Mexican population. METHODS We used data from the Mexican National Health Survey 2000, analyzing 1647 subjects from whom stored DNA samples and HDL measurements were available. To estimate proportional genetic ancestry (Native American, African, and European), we used a 107 genetic ancestry informative marker panel with the software STRUCTURE. To estimate the association between genetic ancestry and low HDL levels, we fitted logistic regression models with the percentage of Native American genetic ancestry, in quartiles, as the main predictor. RESULTS Mean HDL levels were 38.9 mg/dL, with 62% of subjects having levels below 40 mg/dL. Participants had on average 53.6% Native American, 39% European, and 7.3% African genetic ancestry. Those in the fourth quartile of Native American genetic ancestry had 35% higher odds of having low HDL-cholesterol relative to those in the first quartile (odds ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.99-1.81) after adjustment for socioeconomic level and other covariates, although the association is clearly nonlinear. CONCLUSION Native American genetic ancestry seems to play a small but distinct role in the development of low HDL cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Fritz
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Ruy Lopez-Ridaura
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Shweta Choudhry
- Human Genetics at Lung Biology Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christian Razo
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Costa-Urrutia P, Abud C, Franco-Trecu V, Colistro V, Rodríguez-Arellano ME, Alvarez-Fariña R, Acuña Alonso V, Bertoni B, Granados J. Effect of 15 BMI-Associated Polymorphisms, Reported for Europeans, across Ethnicities and Degrees of Amerindian Ancestry in Mexican Children. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E374. [PMID: 31936053 PMCID: PMC7013683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In Mexico, the genetic mechanisms underlying childhood obesity are poorly known. We evaluated the effect of loci, known to be associated with childhood body mass index (BMI) in Europeans, in Mexican children from different ethnic groups. We performed linear and logistic analyses of BMI and obesity, respectively, in Mestizos and Amerindians (Seris, Yaquis and Nahuatl speakers) from Northern (n = 369) and Central Mexico (n = 8545). We used linear models to understand the effect of degree of Amerindian ancestry (AMA) and genetic risk score (GRS) on BMI z-score. Northern Mexican Mestizos showed the highest overweight-obesity prevalence (47.4%), followed by Seri (36.2%) and Central Mexican (31.5%) children. Eleven loci (SEC16B/rs543874, OLFM4/rs12429545/rs9568856, FTO/rs9939609, MC4R/rs6567160, GNPDA2/rs13130484, FAIM2/rs7132908, FAM120AOS/rs944990, LMX1B/rs3829849, ADAM23/rs13387838, HOXB5/rs9299) were associated with BMI and seven (SEC16B/rs543874, OLFM4/rs12429545/rs9568856, FTO/rs9939609, MC4R/rs6567160, GNPDA2 rs13130484, LMX1B/rs3829849) were associated with obesity in Central Mexican children. One SNP was associated with obesity in Northern Mexicans and Yaquis (SEC16B/rs543874). We found higher BMI z-score at higher GRS (β = 0.11, p = 0.2 × 10-16) and at lower AMA (β = -0.05, p = 6.8 × 10-7). The GRS interacts with AMA to increase BMI (β = 0.03, p = 6.08 × 10-3). High genetic BMI susceptibility increase the risk of higher BMI, including in Amerindian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Costa-Urrutia
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica del Hospital Regional Lic. Adolfo López Mateos, ISSSTE, Ciudad de México 01030, Mexico;
- Integrigen de Mexico SAPI de CV. Patriotismo 12, Ciudad de México 06100, Mexico; (C.A.); (R.A.-F.)
| | - Carolina Abud
- Integrigen de Mexico SAPI de CV. Patriotismo 12, Ciudad de México 06100, Mexico; (C.A.); (R.A.-F.)
| | - Valentina Franco-Trecu
- Departamento de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República. Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
| | - Valentina Colistro
- Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República. Avda. General Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay;
| | | | - Rafael Alvarez-Fariña
- Integrigen de Mexico SAPI de CV. Patriotismo 12, Ciudad de México 06100, Mexico; (C.A.); (R.A.-F.)
| | - Víctor Acuña Alonso
- Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. Periférico Sur y Zapote, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14030, Mexico;
| | - Bernardo Bertoni
- Departamento de Genetica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República. Avda. General Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay;
| | - Julio Granados
- División de Inmunogenética, Departamento de Trasplantes, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Avda. Vasco de Quiroga, Ciudad de México14080, Mexico;
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PRL -1149T allele (rs1341239) is associated with decreased risk of rheumatoid arthritis in population from southern Mexico: analysis of mRNA expression and PRL serum levels. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 38:2089-2097. [PMID: 30911943 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prolactin (PRL) is a sex hormone with immunomodulatory properties, and it is associated with the clinical activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The -1149G>T polymorphism at the prolactin (PRL) gene has been associated with autoimmune diseases, but its functional effect is unclear. OBJECTIVE To analyze the association of the PRL -1149G>T polymorphism with disease susceptibility, mRNA, and protein expression of PRL in RA patients from Southern Mexico. METHODS We included 300 RA patients and 300 control subjects (CS). Genotypes were identified by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique, the PRL mRNA expression was determined by real-time PCR, and PRL serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Applying genetic models of inheritance (dominant, recessive, and additive), we found an association between the T allele and decreased RA susceptibility (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.35-0.87, p = 0.009; OR = 0.09, 95% CI 0.012-0.76, p = 0.011; OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.32-0.76, p = 0.001, respectively). RA patients had higher mRNA expression and soluble levels of PRL than CS (p < 0.05). The PRL serum levels were similar in RA and CS according to genotypes. However, in CS, carriers of GT and TT genotypes showed lower PRL mRNA expression than GG genotype carriers (7.1-fold and 20-fold respectively, p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the PRL -1149T allele is a genetic marker of decrease risk to RA in population from Southern Mexico, and it is associated with low PRL mRNA. KEY POINTS • PRL -1149T allele is a marker of decreased RA susceptibility in population from southern Mexico. • PRL -1149TT genotype is associated with low PRL mRNA expression. • RA patients have higher mRNA expression and soluble levels of PRL than healthy subjects. • PRL serum levels are higher in those RA patients with < 2 years of disease evolution.
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Baptista Rosas RC, Mercado Sesma A, Hernández Ortega L, Hernandez Gonzalez L, Vega Avalos J, Arreola Cruz AA. The utility of genomic public databases to mitochondrial haplotyping in contemporary Mestizo population of Mexican origin. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2019; 30:567-572. [PMID: 30897996 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2019.1580271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
There are different public databases and open access information that can be exploited to be reused in different research projects. With this concept in mind, we carried out a study to answer the question about the prevalence of haplogroups in human populations of modern Mexico. Since the publication of genomic and mitochondrial data in Latin American populations are very scarce and with very small samples, our work proposes to consider the availability of genomic and genetic data collections that can be reused for other purposes, different from those initially proposed in the investigations where the sequences were obtained. The objective of the present study was to explore the population structure of Mexico using available information in the public database. Through the search of information in the nucleotide database of National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) of complete sequences of mitochondrial genome (16 Kb) of indigenous people, Mexican Mestizo population and Mexican-Americans living in the United States, they were classified according to the polymorphisms associated with haplogroups A, B, C and D reported in the literature as the most frequent. We obtained 283 sequences, of which 255 were selected with the criteria mentioned. The haplotyping results showed 113 different clades and subclades distributed in a general way in eight haplogroups. The most frequent groups that dominate the population were the haplogroup A with 90 individuals representing 36%, followed by haplogroup B in 65 individuals representing 26% of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl C Baptista Rosas
- a Department of Sciences of Health-Diseases as Individual Process, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara , Tonalá , Mexico
| | - Arieh Mercado Sesma
- a Department of Sciences of Health-Diseases as Individual Process, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara , Tonalá , Mexico
| | - Luis Hernández Ortega
- b Department of Biomedicine , Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara , Tonalá , Mexico
| | - Luis Hernandez Gonzalez
- c School of Medicine , Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara , Tonalá , Mexico
| | - Jorge Vega Avalos
- c School of Medicine , Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara , Tonalá , Mexico
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Aguilar-Velázquez JA, Locia-Aguilar G, López-Saucedo B, Deheza-Bautista S, Favela-Mendoza AF, Rangel-Villalobos H. Forensic parameters and admixture in seven geographical regions of the Guerrero state (South, Mexico) based on STRs of the Globalfiler® kit. Ann Hum Biol 2019; 45:524-530. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1568548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Alonso Aguilar-Velázquez
- Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Universidad de Guadalajara, (CUCiénega-UdeG), Ocotlán, México
- Dirección General de Servicios Periciales de la Fiscalía General del Estado de Guerrero, (FGEG), Chilpancingo, México
| | - Gorge Locia-Aguilar
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Universidad de Guadalajara, (CUCS-UdeG), Guadalajara, México
| | - Briselda López-Saucedo
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Universidad de Guadalajara, (CUCS-UdeG), Guadalajara, México
| | - Sandra Deheza-Bautista
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Universidad de Guadalajara, (CUCS-UdeG), Guadalajara, México
| | - Alma Faviola Favela-Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Universidad de Guadalajara, (CUCiénega-UdeG), Ocotlán, México
| | - Héctor Rangel-Villalobos
- Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Universidad de Guadalajara, (CUCiénega-UdeG), Ocotlán, México
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12
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Koehl AJ, Long JC. The contributions of admixture and genetic drift to diversity among post-contact populations in the Americas. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 165:256-268. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Koehl
- Department of Anthropology; University of New Mexico, MSC01-1040, Anthropology 1; Albuquerque New Mexico 87131
| | - Jeffrey C. Long
- Department of Anthropology; University of New Mexico, MSC01-1040, Anthropology 1; Albuquerque New Mexico 87131
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Distribution of KIR genes and KIR2DS4 gene variants in two Mexican Mestizo populations. Hum Immunol 2017; 78:614-620. [PMID: 28734803 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are transmembrane proteins that regulate NK and T cell subsets by recognizing HLA-I molecules as ligands. The KIR gene family consists of 16 genes, located at chromosome 19q13.4. KIR gene frequencies vary among populations. In Mexico, HLA and genetic ancestry studies show that Mestizo populations have different genetic backgrounds based on admixture with European, African, and Asian ancestry. This study aimed to evaluate the frequencies of KIR genes and genotypes in Guerrero and Jalisco, two Mexican Mestizo populations located in the south and the west of the country, respectively, and to compare these frequencies with those of other populations. KIR genotyping was performed by SSP-PCR. We observed that KIR gene frequencies were similar in both populations. There were 24 genotypes observed in Guerrero, 38 genotypes observed in Jalisco, 15 genotypes shared in both populations and 32 genotypes unique to one population or the other. In 10 individuals, nine novel genotypes were identified. KIR2DS4 gene variants showed significant differences: The KIR2DS4full gene was more common in Guerrero (p<0.0001), and the KIR2DS4del variant was more common in Jalisco (p<0.05). Differences in KIR2DS4 gene variants and genotypic profiles could be influenced by the genetic admixture in both regions.
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14
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Genetic diversity of Umbilical Cord Blood Units for transplant of the National Center of Blood Transfusion (Mexico). REVISTA MÉDICA DEL HOSPITAL GENERAL DE MÉXICO 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hgmx.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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15
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López-Parra AM, Chiñas PI, Huang Q, Arroyo-Pardo E, Mesa MS. Genetic polymorphism of 15 STR loci in 3 ethnics groups of Guerrero State, Mexico. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2016; 25:e8-e9. [PMID: 27640921 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana María López-Parra
- Forensic and Population Genetics Laboratory, Department of Toxicology and Health Legislation, Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patricia Iturbe Chiñas
- Genetics Laboratory, Unit of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autónoma University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Qi Huang
- Forensic and Population Genetics Laboratory, Department of Toxicology and Health Legislation, Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Arroyo-Pardo
- Forensic and Population Genetics Laboratory, Department of Toxicology and Health Legislation, Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Soledad Mesa
- Departament of Zoology and Physical Antropology, Biology School, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
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16
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Hernández-Tobías EA, Torres-Sánchez L, Noris G, Santana C, Samano MR, Arellano-Galindo J, Arenas-Sordo MDLL, Brooks D, Rodríguez-Ventura AL, Meraz-Ríos MA, Gómez R. PPARG-LYPLAL1 Multi-Allelic Combination Associated with Obesity and Overweight in Mexican Adolescent Females. Ethn Dis 2016; 26:477-484. [PMID: 27773974 DOI: 10.18865/ed.26.4.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied multi-loci variants to identify the contribution of six candidate genes (ADIPOQ, CDH13, LYPLAL1, MC4R, PPARG and PGC1A) in the development of obesity and overweight. DESIGN We genotyped 404 chromosomes with eleven SNPs in Mexican female adolescents, who were subdivided into two groups (obesity-overweight and normal-weight) using the World Health Organization parameters. Genomic (800 chromosomes) and ancestral (208 chromosomes) controls were included to reduce the population bias. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, and caloric intake were obtained only in the groups of Mexican female adolescents. RESULTS A positive genotype-phenotype association was found that involves the multi-allelic combination of three risk alleles (one in PPARG and two in LYPLAL1) with obesity and overweight (OR=3.1, P=.010). This combination also exhibited a significant association with waist circumference (P=.030) and triglycerides levels (P=.030). These associations were supported by a logistic regression analysis adjusted for several confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest the joint participation of PPARG-LYPLAL1 genes in metabolic disorders development. Hence, these genes could act as potential biomarkers in obesity and overweight. Our findings underscore the complexity of metabolic disorders and provide evidence about the importance of multi-loci analysis to study complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gino Noris
- Laboratorio BIMODI (Biología Molecular Diagnóstica), Querétaro, Qro., México
| | - Carla Santana
- Laboratorio BIMODI (Biología Molecular Diagnóstica), Querétaro, Qro., México
| | - María Reyna Samano
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, México, D.F., México
| | | | | | - Daniel Brooks
- Departamento de Toxicología, Cinvestav-IPN, México D.F., México; Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Rocío Gómez
- Departamento de Toxicología, Cinvestav-IPN, México D.F., México
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17
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Vieira-Machado CD, Tostes M, Alves G, Nazer J, Martinez L, Wettig E, Pizarro Rivadeneira O, Diaz Caamaño M, Larenas Ascui J, Pavez P, Dutra MDG, Castilla EE, Orioli IM. Uniparental ancestry markers in Chilean populations. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:573-579. [PMID: 27561109 PMCID: PMC5127147 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2015-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans has led to the development
of a multi-ethnic, admixed population in Chile. This study aimed to contribute to the
characterization of the uniparental genetic structure of three Chilean regions.
Newborns from seven hospitals in Independencia, Providencia, Santiago, Curicó,
Cauquenes, Valdívia, and Puerto Montt communes, belonging to the Chilean regions of
Santiago, Maule, and Los Lagos, were studied. The presence of Native American
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups and two markers present in the non-recombinant
region of the Y chromosome, DYS199 and DYS287, indicative of Native American and
African ancestry, respectively, was determined. A high Native American matrilineal
contribution and a low Native American and African patrilineal contributions were
found in all three studied regions. As previously found in Chilean admixed
populations, the Native American matrilineal contribution was lower in Santiago than
in the other studied regions. However, there was an unexpectedly higher contribution
of Native American ancestry in one of the studied communes in Santiago, probably due
to the high rate of immigration from other regions of the country. The population
genetic sub-structure we detected in Santiago using few uniparental markers requires
further confirmation, owing to possible stratification for autosomal and X-chromosome
markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Dutra Vieira-Machado
- Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) and National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Departmento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maluah Tostes
- Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) and National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Departmento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Alves
- Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) and National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Departmento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Julio Nazer
- Neonatal Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico de La Universidad del Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria da Graça Dutra
- Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) and National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Laboratory of Congenital Malformations Epidemiology (LEMC), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Enrique Castilla
- Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) and National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Laboratory of Congenital Malformations Epidemiology (LEMC), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research (CEMIC) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ieda Maria Orioli
- Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) and National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Departmento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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18
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Burguete-Argueta N, Martínez De la Cruz B, Camacho-Mejorado R, Santana C, Noris G, López-Bayghen E, Arellano-Galindo J, Majluf-Cruz A, Antonio Meraz-Ríos M, Gómez R. Forensic-paternity effectiveness and genetics population analysis of six non-CODIS mini-STR loci (D1S1656, D2S441, D6S1043, D10S1248, D12S391, D22S1045) and SE33 in Mestizo and Amerindian populations from Mexico. Ann Hum Biol 2016; 43:563-571. [DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2015.1127424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Braulio Martínez De la Cruz
- Departamento de Ingeniería, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Laguna, Torreón, Coahuila, México
| | | | - Carla Santana
- Laboratorio BIMODI (Biología Molecular Diagnóstica), Querétaro, Qro., México
| | - Gino Noris
- Laboratorio BIMODI (Biología Molecular Diagnóstica), Querétaro, Qro., México
| | | | - José Arellano-Galindo
- Laboratorio de Virología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México D.F., México
| | - Abraham Majluf-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogénesis, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México D.F., México
| | | | - Rocío Gómez
- Departamento de Toxicología, Cinvestav-IPN, México D.F., México
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19
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Cardona-Castro N, Cortés E, Beltrán C, Romero M, Badel-Mogollón JE, Bedoya G. Human Genetic Ancestral Composition Correlates with the Origin of Mycobacterium leprae Strains in a Leprosy Endemic Population. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004045. [PMID: 26360617 PMCID: PMC4567314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have suggested that leprosy originated in Africa, extended to Asia and Europe, and arrived in the Americas during European colonization and the African slave trade. Due to colonization, the contemporary Colombian population is an admixture of Native-American, European and African ancestries. Because microorganisms are known to accompany humans during migrations, patterns of human migration can be traced by examining genomic changes in associated microbes. The current study analyzed 118 leprosy cases and 116 unrelated controls from two Colombian regions endemic for leprosy (Atlantic and Andean) in order to determine possible associations of leprosy with patient ancestral background (determined using 36 ancestry informative markers), Mycobacterium leprae genotype and/or patient geographical origin. We found significant differences between ancestral genetic composition. European components were predominant in Andean populations. In contrast, African components were higher in the Atlantic region. M. leprae genotypes were then analyzed for cluster associations and compared with the ancestral composition of leprosy patients. Two M. leprae principal clusters were found: haplotypes C54 and T45. Haplotype C54 associated with African origin and was more frequent in patients from the Atlantic region with a high African component. In contrast, haplotype T45 associated with European origin and was more frequent in Andean patients with a higher European component. These results suggest that the human and M. leprae genomes have co-existed since the African and European origins of the disease, with leprosy ultimately arriving in Colombia during colonization. Distinct M. leprae strains followed European and African settlement in the country and can be detected in contemporary Colombian populations. Contemporary Colombian population is an admixture of three ancestries: Native-American, European and African. Genetic studies of human ancestry have found associations with disease, likely due to the fact that microorganisms have accompanied humans during migrations. Taking these facts into account, we studied the effect of human ancestry, Mycobacterium leprae genotype and the geographical origin of our study population, on leprosy. We found correlations between ancestral composition and M. leprae genotype: an African component is higher in the Atlantic region and a European component is higher in Andean populations (p<0.05). An interesting connection was found between the ancestral composition and two principal types of M. leprae isolates: type C54 (of African origin) was more frequent in Atlantic region populations, and type T45 (of European origin) was more frequent in the Andean region, suggesting that human and bacterial genomes have co-existed since leprosy’s origins and that leprosy has circulated with human migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Cardona-Castro
- Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical—Universidad CES, Sabaneta, Antioquia, Colombia
- * E-mail:
| | - Edwin Cortés
- Grupo GENMOL, Instituto de Biología Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Camilo Beltrán
- Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical—Universidad CES, Sabaneta, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Marcela Romero
- Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical—Universidad CES, Sabaneta, Antioquia, Colombia
| | | | - Gabriel Bedoya
- Grupo GENMOL, Instituto de Biología Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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20
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Moradi H, Abhari P, Streja E, Kashyap ML, Shah G, Gillen D, Pahl MV, Vaziri ND, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Association of serum lipids with outcomes in Hispanic hemodialysis patients of the West versus East Coasts of the United States. Am J Nephrol 2015; 41:284-95. [PMID: 26044456 DOI: 10.1159/000381991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paradoxical associations exist between serum lipid levels and mortality in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) including those of Hispanic origin. However, there are significant racial and ethnic variations in patients of 'Hispanic' background. We hypothesized that clinically meaningful differences existed in the association between lipids and survival in Hispanic MHD patients on the West versus East Coast. METHODS We examined the survival impact of serum lipids in a 2-year cohort of 15,109 MHD patients of Hispanic origin being treated in California, Texas, representing the West versus New York, New Jersey and Florida representing the East Coast, using Cox models with various degrees of adjustments. RESULTS The association of serum total and HDL cholesterol with mortality follows a U-shaped pattern in Hispanic patients residing in the West. This is in contrast to Hispanic patients in the East Coast whose survival seems to improve with increasing total and HDL cholesterol levels. Elevated serum LDL levels in Hispanic patients on the West Coast are associated with a significant increase in mortality, while this association is not observed in patients residing on the East Coast. CONCLUSIONS Substantial differences exist in the association of serum lipids with mortality in MHD patients of Hispanic background depending on whether they reside on the West or East Coast of the United States. These geographical variances most likely reflect ethnic, racial and genetic distinctions, which are usually ignored. Future studies should take into account these critical variations in a population of patients who make up a significant portion of our society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Moradi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, Calif., USA
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21
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SOLÉ-LLUSSÀ A, GOROSTIZA A, RUBÍ-CASTELLANOS R, ACUNHA-ALONZO V, GENÉ M, RANGEL-VILLALOBOS H, GONZÁLEZ-MARTÍN A. Exploring the African genetic influence in the first settlement founded by African slaves in America. ANTHROPOL SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.150422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. SOLÉ-LLUSSÀ
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid
| | - A. GOROSTIZA
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid
- Laboratorio de Identificación Genética GENOMICA SAU, Grupo Zeltia, Madrid
| | - R. RUBÍ-CASTELLANOS
- Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida
| | - V. ACUNHA-ALONZO
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, México
| | - M. GENÉ
- Departamento de Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - H. RANGEL-VILLALOBOS
- Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Centro Universitario de la Ciénaga, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán
| | - A. GONZÁLEZ-MARTÍN
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid
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22
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Jablonski NG, Chaplin G. The evolution of skin pigmentation and hair texture in people of African ancestry. Dermatol Clin 2014; 32:113-21. [PMID: 24679998 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Our species, Homo sapiens, evolved in Africa, and humanity's highest levels of genetic diversity are maintained there today. Underlying genetic diversity combined with the great range of solar regimes and climatic conditions found in Africa has contributed to a wide range of human integumentary phenotypes within the continent. Millions of Africans have moved, voluntarily and involuntarily, to other continents in the past 2000 years, and the range of integumentary phenotypes among admixed African diaspora populations is enormous. In this contribution, we do not catalog this variation, but provide basic evolutionary background as to how it developed in the first place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina G Jablonski
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, 409 Carpenter Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - George Chaplin
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, 409 Carpenter Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Geography, The Pennsylvania State University, 409 Carpenter Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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23
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Abstract
A general introduction to the origins and history of Latin American populations is followed by a systematic review of the data from molecular autosomal assessments of the ethnic/continental (European, African, Amerindian) ancestries for 24 Latin American countries or territories. The data surveyed are of varying quality but provide a general picture of the present constitution of these populations. A brief discussion about the applications of these results (admixture mapping) is also provided. Latin American populations can be viewed as natural experiments for the investigation of unique anthropological and epidemiological issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Mauro Salzano
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS,
Brazil
| | - Mónica Sans
- Departamento de Antropología Biológica, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de la República, Montevideo,
Uruguay
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24
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Martínez-Cortés G, Salazar-Flores J, Haro-Guerrero J, Rubi-Castellanos R, Velarde-Félix JS, Muñoz-Valle JF, López-Casamichana M, Carrillo-Tapia E, Canseco-Avila LM, Bravi CM, López-Armenta M, Rangel-Villalobos H. Maternal admixture and population structure in Mexican-Mestizos based on mtDNA haplogroups. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 151:526-37. [PMID: 23754474 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The maternal ancestry (mtDNA) has important applications in different research fields, such as evolution, epidemiology, identification, and human population history. This is particularly interesting in Mestizos, which constitute the main population in Mexico (∼93%) resulting from post-Columbian admixture between Spaniards, Amerindians, and African slaves, principally. Consequently, we conducted minisequencing analysis (SNaPshot) of 11 mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 742 Mestizos of 10 populations from different regions in Mexico. The predominant maternal ancestry was Native American (92.9%), including Haplogroups A, B, C, and D (47, 23.7, 15.9, and 6.2%, respectively). Conversely, European and African ancestries were less frequent (5.3 and 1.9%, respectively). The main characteristics of the maternal lineages observed in Mexican-Mestizos comprised the following: 1) contrasting geographic gradient of Haplogroups A and C; 2) increase of European lineages toward the Northwest; 3) low or absent, but homogeneous, African ancestry throughout the Mexican territory; 4) maternal lineages in Mestizos roughly represent the genetic makeup of the surrounding Amerindian groups, particularly toward the Southeast, but not in the North and West; 5) continuity over time of the geographic distribution of Amerindian lineages in Mayas; and 6) low but significant maternal population structure (FST = 2.8%; P = 0.0000). The average ancestry obtained from uniparental systems (mtDNA and Y-chromosome) in Mexican-Mestizos was correlated with previous ancestry estimates based on autosomal systems (genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms and short tandem repeats). Finally, the comparison of paternal and maternal lineages provided additional information concerning the gender bias admixture, mating patterns, and population structure in Mestizos throughout the Mexican territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Martínez-Cortés
- Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco, México
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25
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Hughes CE, Tise ML, Trammell LH, Anderson BE. Cranial morphological variation among contemporary Mexicans: Regional trends, ancestral affinities, and genetic comparisons. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 151:506-17. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cris E. Hughes
- Department of Anthropology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana; IL; 61801
| | - Meredith L. Tise
- Department of Anthropology; University of South Florida; Tampa; FL; 33620
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26
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Castelán-Martínez OD, Hoyo-Vadillo C, Sandoval-García E, Sandoval-Ramírez L, González-Ibarra M, Solano-Solano G, Gómez-Díaz RA, Parra EJ, Cruz M, Valladares-Salgado A. Allele frequency distribution of CYP2C9 2 and CYP2C9 3 polymorphisms in six Mexican populations. Gene 2013; 523:167-72. [PMID: 23587916 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Allele frequency differences of functional CYP2C9 polymorphisms are responsible for some of the variation in drug response observed in human populations. The most relevant CYP2C9 functional variants are CYP2C9*2 (rs1799853) and CYP2C9 3 (rs1057910). These polymorphisms show variation in allele frequencies among different population groups. The present study aimed to analyze these polymorphisms in 947 Mexican-Mestizo from Mexico City and 483 individuals from five indigenous Mexican populations: Nahua, Teenek, Tarahumara, Purepecha and Huichol. The CYP2C9*2 allele frequencies in the Mestizo, Nahua and Teenek populations were 0.051, 0.007 and 0.005, respectively. As for CYP2C9 3, the allelic frequencies in the Mestizo, Nahua and Teenek populations were 0.04, 0.005 and 0.005, respectively. The CYP2C9 2 and CYP2C9 3 alleles were not observed in the Tarahumara, Purepecha and Huichol populations. These findings are in agreement with previous studies reporting very low allele frequencies for these polymorphisms in American Indigenous populations.
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Martínez-Cortés G, Salazar-Flores J, Fernández-Rodríguez LG, Rubi-Castellanos R, Rodríguez-Loya C, Velarde-Félix JS, Muñoz-Valle JF, Parra-Rojas I, Rangel-Villalobos H. Admixture and population structure in Mexican-Mestizos based on paternal lineages. J Hum Genet 2012; 57:568-74. [PMID: 22832385 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the nonrecombining region of the Y-chromosome, there are single-nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) that establish haplogroups with particular geographical origins (European, African, Native American, etc.). The complex process of admixture that gave rise to the majority of the current Mexican population (~93%), known as Mestizos, can be examined with Y-SNPs to establish their paternal ancestry and population structure. We analyzed 18 Y-SNPs in 659 individuals from 10 Mexican-Mestizo populations from different regions of the country. In the total population sample, paternal ancestry was predominately European (64.9%), followed by Native American (30.8%) and African (4.2%). However, the European ancestry was prevalent in the north and west (66.7-95%) and, conversely, Native American ancestry increased in the center and southeast (37-50%), whereas the African ancestry was low and relatively homogeneous (0-8.8%). Although this paternal landscape concurs with previous studies based on genome-wide SNPs and autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), this pattern contrasts with the maternal ancestry, mainly of Native American origin, based on maternal lineages haplogroups. In agreement with historical records, these results confirm a strong gender-biased admixture history between European males and Native American females that gave rise to Mexican-Mestizos. Finally, pairwise comparisons and analysis of molecular variance tests demonstrated significant population structure (F(ST)=4.68%; P<0.00005), delimiting clusters that were geographically defined as the following: north-west, center-south and southeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Martínez-Cortés
- Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara (CUCiénega-UdeG), Ocotlán, Jalisco, México
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Avena S, Via M, Ziv E, Pérez-Stable EJ, Gignoux CR, Dejean C, Huntsman S, Torres-Mejía G, Dutil J, Matta JL, Beckman K, Burchard EG, Parolin ML, Goicoechea A, Acreche N, Boquet M, Ríos Part MDC, Fernández V, Rey J, Stern MC, Carnese RF, Fejerman L. Heterogeneity in genetic admixture across different regions of Argentina. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34695. [PMID: 22506044 PMCID: PMC3323559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The population of Argentina is the result of the intermixing between several groups, including Indigenous American, European and African populations. Despite the commonly held idea that the population of Argentina is of mostly European origin, multiple studies have shown that this process of admixture had an impact in the entire Argentine population. In the present study we characterized the distribution of Indigenous American, European and African ancestry among individuals from different regions of Argentina and evaluated the level of discrepancy between self-reported grandparental origin and genetic ancestry estimates. A set of 99 autosomal ancestry informative markers (AIMs) was genotyped in a sample of 441 Argentine individuals to estimate genetic ancestry. We used non-parametric tests to evaluate statistical significance. The average ancestry for the Argentine sample overall was 65% European (95%CI: 63-68%), 31% Indigenous American (28-33%) and 4% African (3-4%). We observed statistically significant differences in European ancestry across Argentine regions [Buenos Aires province (BA) 76%, 95%CI: 73-79%; Northeast (NEA) 54%, 95%CI: 49-58%; Northwest (NWA) 33%, 95%CI: 21-41%; South 54%, 95%CI: 49-59%; p<0.0001] as well as between the capital and immediate suburbs of Buenos Aires city compared to more distant suburbs [80% (95%CI: 75-86%) versus 68% (95%CI: 58-77%), p = 0.01]. European ancestry among individuals that declared all grandparents born in Europe was 91% (95%CI: 88-94%) compared to 54% (95%CI: 51-57%) among those with no European grandparents (p<0.001). Our results demonstrate the range of variation in genetic ancestry among Argentine individuals from different regions in the country, highlighting the importance of taking this variation into account in genetic association and admixture mapping studies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Avena
- Departamento de Antropología, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnósticos, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marc Via
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Unit of Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elad Ziv
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Medical Effectiveness Research Center for Diverse Populations, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher R. Gignoux
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Cristina Dejean
- Departamento de Antropología, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnósticos, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Scott Huntsman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Torres-Mejía
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Julie Dutil
- Department of Biochemistry, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Jaime L. Matta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Kenneth Beckman
- Deptartment of Genetics, Cell Biology and Developmental Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Esteban González Burchard
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - María Laura Parolin
- Departamento de Antropología, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnósticos, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Goicoechea
- Departamento de Antropología, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noemí Acreche
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Mariel Boquet
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | | | - Vanesa Fernández
- Servicio de Hemoterapia Hospital Penna de Bahía Blanca, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Rey
- Servicio de Hemoterapia Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana C. Stern
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Raúl F. Carnese
- Departamento de Antropología, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Fejerman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Galanter JM, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Gignoux CR, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Via M, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Contreras AV, Figueroa LU, Raska P, Jimenez-Sanchez G, Zolezzi IS, Torres M, Ponte CR, Ruiz Y, Salas A, Nguyen E, Eng C, Borjas L, Zabala W, Barreto G, González FR, Ibarra A, Taboada P, Porras L, Moreno F, Bigham A, Gutierrez G, Brutsaert T, León-Velarde F, Moore LG, Vargas E, Cruz M, Escobedo J, Rodriguez-Santana J, Rodriguez-Cintrón W, Chapela R, Ford JG, Bustamante C, Seminara D, Shriver M, Ziv E, Burchard EG, Haile R, Parra E, Carracedo A. Development of a panel of genome-wide ancestry informative markers to study admixture throughout the Americas. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002554. [PMID: 22412386 PMCID: PMC3297575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most individuals throughout the Americas are admixed descendants of Native American, European, and African ancestors. Complex historical factors have resulted in varying proportions of ancestral contributions between individuals within and among ethnic groups. We developed a panel of 446 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) optimized to estimate ancestral proportions in individuals and populations throughout Latin America. We used genome-wide data from 953 individuals from diverse African, European, and Native American populations to select AIMs optimized for each of the three main continental populations that form the basis of modern Latin American populations. We selected markers on the basis of locus-specific branch length to be informative, well distributed throughout the genome, capable of being genotyped on widely available commercial platforms, and applicable throughout the Americas by minimizing within-continent heterogeneity. We then validated the panel in samples from four admixed populations by comparing ancestry estimates based on the AIMs panel to estimates based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. The panel provided balanced discriminatory power among the three ancestral populations and accurate estimates of individual ancestry proportions (R2>0.9 for ancestral components with significant between-subject variance). Finally, we genotyped samples from 18 populations from Latin America using the AIMs panel and estimated variability in ancestry within and between these populations. This panel and its reference genotype information will be useful resources to explore population history of admixture in Latin America and to correct for the potential effects of population stratification in admixed samples in the region. Individuals from Latin America are descendants of multiple ancestral populations, primarily Native American, European, and African ancestors. The relative proportions of these ancestries can be estimated using genetic markers, known as ancestry informative markers (AIMs), whose allele frequency varies between the ancestral groups. Once determined, these ancestral proportions can be correlated with normal phenotypes, can be associated with disease, can be used to control for confounding due to population stratification, or can inform on the history of admixture in a population. In this study, we identified a panel of AIMs relevant to Latin American populations, validated the panel by comparing estimates of ancestry using the panel to ancestry determined from genome-wide data, and tested the panel in a diverse set of populations from the Americas. The panel of AIMs produces ancestry estimates that are highly accurate and appropriately controlled for population stratification, and it was used to genotype 18 populations from throughout Latin America. We have made the panel of AIMs available to any researcher interested in estimating ancestral proportions for populations from the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Mark Galanter
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
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Quillen EE, Bauchet M, Bigham AW, Delgado-Burbano ME, Faust FX, Klimentidis YC, Mao X, Stoneking M, Shriver MD. OPRM1 and EGFR contribute to skin pigmentation differences between Indigenous Americans and Europeans. Hum Genet 2011; 131:1073-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-1135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Camorlinga-Ponce M, Perez-Perez G, Gonzalez-Valencia G, Mendoza I, Peñaloza-Espinosa R, Ramos I, Kersulyte D, Reyes-Leon A, Romo C, Granados J, Muñoz L, Berg DE, Torres J. Helicobacter pylori genotyping from American indigenous groups shows novel Amerindian vacA and cagA alleles and Asian, African and European admixture. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27212. [PMID: 22073291 PMCID: PMC3207844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is valuable to extend genotyping studies of Helicobacter pylori to strains from indigenous communities across the world to better define adaption, evolution, and associated diseases. We aimed to genetically characterize both human individuals and their infecting H. pylori from indigenous communities of Mexico, and to compare them with those from other human groups. We studied individuals from three indigenous groups, Tarahumaras from the North, Huichols from the West and Nahuas from the center of Mexico. Volunteers were sampled at their community site, DNA was isolated from white blood cells and mtDNA, Y-chromosome, and STR alleles were studied. H. pylori was cultured from gastric juice, and DNA extracted for genotyping of virulence and housekeeping genes. We found Amerindian mtDNA haplogroups (A, B, C, and D), Y-chromosome DYS19T, and Amerindian STRs alleles frequent in the three groups, confirming Amerindian ancestry in these Mexican groups. Concerning H.pylori cagA phylogenetic analyses, although most isolates were of the Western type, a new Amerindian cluster neither Western nor Asian, was formed by some indigenous Mexican, Colombian, Peruvian and Venezuelan isolates. Similarly, vacA phylogenetic analyses showed the existence of a novel Amerindian type in isolates from Alaska, Mexico and Colombia. With hspA strains from Mexico and other American groups clustered within the three major groups, Asian, African or European. Genotyping of housekeeping genes confirmed that Mexican strains formed a novel Asian-related Amerindian group together with strains from remote Amazon Aborigines. This study shows that Mexican indigenous people with Amerindian markers are colonized with H. pylori showing admixture of Asian, European and African strains in genes known to interact with the gastric mucosa. We present evidence of novel Amerindian cagA and vacA alleles in indigenous groups of North and South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Camorlinga-Ponce
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Guillermo Perez-Perez
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gerardo Gonzalez-Valencia
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Irma Mendoza
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Rosenda Peñaloza-Espinosa
- Unidad de Investigacion en Genetica Humana, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Irma Ramos
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Dangeruta Kersulyte
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Adriana Reyes-Leon
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Secretaria de Salud, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Carolina Romo
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Secretaria de Salud, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Julio Granados
- Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion y Ciencias Medicas, Secretaria de Salud, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Muñoz
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Douglas E. Berg
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico D.F., Mexico
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Admixed populations have been used for inferring migrations, detecting natural selection, and finding disease genes. These applications often use a simple statistical model of admixture rather than a modeling perspective that incorporates a more realistic history of the admixture process. Here, we develop a general model of admixture that mechanistically accounts for complex historical admixture processes. We consider two source populations contributing to the ancestry of a hybrid population, potentially with variable contributions across generations. For a random individual in the hybrid population at a given point in time, we study the fraction of genetic admixture originating from a specific one of the source populations by computing its moments as functions of time and of introgression parameters. We show that very different admixture processes can produce identical mean admixture proportions, but that such processes produce different values for the variance of the admixture proportion. When introgression parameters from each source population are constant over time, the long-term limit of the expectation of the admixture proportion depends only on the ratio of the introgression parameters. The variance of admixture decreases quickly over time after the source populations stop contributing to the hybrid population, but remains substantial when the contributions are ongoing. Our approach will facilitate the understanding of admixture mechanisms, illustrating how the moments of the distribution of admixture proportions can be informative about the historical admixture processes contributing to the genetic diversity of hybrid populations.
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Lisabeth LD, Morgenstern LB, Burke DT, Sun YV, Long JC. Ancestral heterogeneity in a biethnic stroke population. Ann Hum Genet 2011; 75:508-15. [PMID: 21668907 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2011.00657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To test for and characterize heterogeneity in ancestral contributions to individuals among a population of Mexican American (MA) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) cases, data from a community-based stroke surveillance study in south Texas were used. Strokes/TIA cases were identified (2004-2006) with a random sample asked to provide blood. Race-ethnicity was self-reported. Thirty-three ancestry informative markers were genotyped and individual genetic admixture estimated using maximum likelihood methods. Three hypotheses were tested for each MA using likelihood ratio tests: (1) H(0) : μi = 0 (100% Native American), (2) H(0) : μi = 1.00 (100% European), (3) H(0) : μi = 0.59 (average European). Among 154 self-identified MAs, estimated European ancestry varied from 0.26 to 0.98, with an average of 0.59 (SE = 0.014). We rejected hypothesis 1 for every MA and rejected hypothesis 2 for all but two MAs. We rejected hypothesis 3 for 40 MAs (20 < 59%, 20 > 59%). Among 84 self-identified NHWs, the estimated fraction of European ancestry ranged from 0.83 to 1.0, with an average of 0.97 (SE = 0.014). Self-identified MAs, and to a lesser extent NHWs, from an established bi-ethnic community were heterogeneous with respect to genetic admixture. Researchers should not use simple race-ethnic categories as proxies for homogeneous genetic populations when conducting gene mapping and disease association studies in multi-ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda D Lisabeth
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Casazza K, Hanks LJ, Beasley TM, Fernandez JR. Beyond thriftiness: independent and interactive effects of genetic and dietary factors on variations in fat deposition and distribution across populations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 145:181-91. [PMID: 21365611 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The thrifty genotype hypothesis initiated speculation that feast and famine cycling throughout history may have led to group-specific alterations of the human genome, thereby augmenting the capacity for excessive fat mass accrual when immersed in the modern-day obesogenic environment. Contemporary work, however, suggests alternative mechanisms influencing fuel utilization and subsequent tissue partitioning to be more relevant in the etiology of population-based variation in adipose storage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the independent and interactive contribution of ancestral admixture as a proxy for population-based genetic variation and diet on adipose tissue deposition and distribution in peripubertal children and to identify differences in racial/ethnic and sex groups. Two-hundred seventy-eight children (53% male) aged 7-12 years, categorized by parental self-report as African- (n = 91), European- (n = 110), or Hispanic American (n = 77), participated. Ancestral genetic admixture was estimated using 140 ancestry informative markers. Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry and accelerometry; and diet by 24-h-recall. Admixture independently contributed to all adiposity parameters; i.e., estimates of European and Amerindian ancestries were positively associated with all adiposity parameters, whereas African genetic admixture was inversely associated with adiposity. In boys, energy intake was associated with adiposity, irrespective of macronutrient profile, whereas in girls, the relationship was mediated by carbohydrate. We also observed moderating effects of energy balance/fuel utilization of the interaction between ancestral genetic admixture and diet. Interactive effects of genetic and non-genetic factors alter metabolic pathways and underlie some of the present population-based differences in fat storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Casazza
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, USA.
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Estrada-Mena B, Estrada FJ, Ulloa-Arvizu R, Guido M, Méndez R, Coral R, Canto T, Granados J, Rubí-Castellanos R, Rangel-Villalobos H, García-Carrancá A. Blood group O alleles in Native Americans: implications in the peopling of the Americas. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2010; 142:85-94. [PMID: 19862808 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
All major ABO blood alleles are found in most populations worldwide, whereas the majority of Native Americans are nearly exclusively in the O group. O allele molecular characterization could aid in elucidating the possible causes of group O predominance in Native American populations. In this work, we studied exon 6 and 7 sequence diversity in 180 O blood group individuals from four different Mesoamerican populations. Additionally, a comparative analysis of genetic diversity and population structure including South American populations was performed. Results revealed no significant differences among Mesoamerican and South American groups, but showed significant differences within population groups attributable to previously detected differences in genetic drift and founder effects throughout the American continent. Interestingly, in all American populations, the same set of haplotypes O(1), O(1v), and O(1v(G542A)) was present, suggesting the following: (1) that they constitute the main genetic pool of the founding population of the Americas and (2) that they derive from the same ancestral source, partially supporting the single founding population hypothesis. In addition, the consistent and restricted presence of the G542A mutation in Native Americans compared to worldwide populations allows it to be employed as an Ancestry informative marker (AIM). Present knowledge of the peopling of the Americas allows the prediction of the way in which the G542A mutation could have emerged in Beringia, probably during the differentiation process of Asian lineages that gave rise to the founding population of the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito Estrada-Mena
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, México
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Martínez-Cortés G, Nuño-Arana I, Rubi-Castellanos R, Vilchis-Dorantes G, Luna-Vázquez A, Coral-Vázquez RM, Canto-Cetina T, Salazar-Flores J, Muñoz-Valle JF, Sandoval-Mendoza K, López Z, Gamero-Lucas JJ, Rangel-Villalobos H. Origin and genetic differentiation of three Native Mexican groups (Purépechas, Triquis and Mayas): Contribution of CODIS-STRs to the history of human populations of Mesoamerica. Ann Hum Biol 2010; 37:801-19. [DOI: 10.3109/03014461003743801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Colloquium paper: human skin pigmentation as an adaptation to UV radiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107 Suppl 2:8962-8. [PMID: 20445093 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0914628107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin pigmentation is the product of two clines produced by natural selection to adjust levels of constitutive pigmentation to levels of UV radiation (UVR). One cline was generated by high UVR near the equator and led to the evolution of dark, photoprotective, eumelanin-rich pigmentation. The other was produced by the requirement for UVB photons to sustain cutaneous photosynthesis of vitamin D(3) in low-UVB environments, and resulted in the evolution of depigmented skin. As hominins dispersed outside of the tropics, they experienced different intensities and seasonal mixtures of UVA and UVB. Extreme UVA throughout the year and two equinoctial peaks of UVB prevail within the tropics. Under these conditions, the primary selective pressure was to protect folate by maintaining dark pigmentation. Photolysis of folate and its main serum form of 5-methylhydrofolate is caused by UVR and by reactive oxygen species generated by UVA. Competition for folate between the needs for cell division, DNA repair, and melanogenesis is severe under stressful, high-UVR conditions and is exacerbated by dietary insufficiency. Outside of tropical latitudes, UVB levels are generally low and peak only once during the year. The populations exhibiting maximally depigmented skin are those inhabiting environments with the lowest annual and summer peak levels of UVB. Development of facultative pigmentation (tanning) was important to populations settling between roughly 23 degrees and 46 degrees , where levels of UVB varied strongly according to season. Depigmented and tannable skin evolved numerous times in hominin evolution via independent genetic pathways under positive selection.
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Möller M, Hoal EG. Current findings, challenges and novel approaches in human genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2010; 90:71-83. [PMID: 20206579 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The evidence for a human genetic component in susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) is incontrovertible. Quite apart from studies of rare disease events illustrating the importance of key genes in humans and animals, TB at the population level is also influenced by the genetics of the host. Heritability of disease concordance and immune responses to mycobacterial antigens has been clearly shown, and ranges up to 71%. Linkage studies, designed to identify major susceptibility genes in a disease, have produced a number of candidate loci but few, except for regions on chromosome 5p15, 20p and 20q, have been replicated. The region on 5p15 regulates the intensity of the response to the tuberculin skin test, and another locus on 11p14 appears to control resistance to the bacterium. In addition, numerous genes and pathways have been implicated in candidate gene association studies, with validation of polymorphisms in IFNG, NRAMP1, and NOS2A and equivocal results for IL10, CCL2, DC-SIGN, P2RX7, VDR, TLR2, TLR9 and SP110. Other more recently researched candidate genes such as TNFRSF1B remain to be validated, preferably in meta-analyses. New approaches have provided early evidence for the importance of gene-gene interactions in regulating resistance to disease, and also the prospect that applying host genetics in the field of vaccinomics could lead to a more targeted approach in designing interventions to aid the human immune system in combating mycobacteria. Genome-wide association studies and admixture mapping are approaches that remain to be applied to TB, and it is not clear, as is the case with other complex diseases, how much of the heritability of the TB susceptibility phenotype will be determined by multiple genes of small effect versus rare variants with disproportionately large effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlo Möller
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology and the DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 19063, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
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Salazar-Flores J, Dondiego-Aldape R, Rubi-Castellanos R, Anaya-Palafox M, Nuño-Arana I, Canseco-Ávila L, Flores-Flores G, Morales-Vallejo M, Barojas-Pérez N, Muñoz-Valle J, Campos-Gutiérrez R, Rangel-Villalobos H. Population structure and paternal admixture landscape on present-day Mexican-Mestizos revealed by Y-STR haplotypes. Am J Hum Biol 2009; 22:401-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.21013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Guardado-Estrada M, Juarez-Torres E, Medina-Martinez I, Wegier A, Macías A, Gomez G, Cruz-Talonia F, Roman-Bassaure E, Piñero D, Kofman-Alfaro S, Berumen J. A great diversity of Amerindian mitochondrial DNA ancestry is present in the Mexican mestizo population. J Hum Genet 2009; 54:695-705. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2009.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rubi-Castellanos R, Martínez-Cortés G, Muñoz-Valle JF, González-Martín A, Cerda-Flores RM, Anaya-Palafox M, Rangel-Villalobos H. Pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican demography approximates the present-day ancestry of Mestizos throughout the territory of Mexico. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2009; 139:284-94. [PMID: 19140185 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 500 years, admixture among Amerindians, Europeans, and Africans, principally, has come to shape the present-day gene pool of Mexicans, particularly Mestizos, who represent about 93% of the total Mexican population. In this work, we analyze the genetic data of 13 combined DNA index system-short tandem repeats (CODIS-STRs) in 1,984 unrelated Mestizos representing 10 population samples from different regions of Mexico, namely North, West, Central, and Southeast. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) test demonstrated low but significant differentiation among Mestizos from different regions (F(ST) = 0.34%; P = 0.0000). Although the spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA) predicted clustering Mestizo populations into four well-delimited groups, the main differentiation was observed between Northwest when compared with Central and Southeast regions. In addition, we included analysis of individuals of Amerindian (Purepechas), European (Huelva, Spain), and African (Fang) origin. Thus, STRUCTURE analysis was performed identifying three well-differentiated ancestral populations (k = 3). STRUCTURE results and admixture estimations by means of LEADMIX software in Mestizo populations demonstrated genetic heterogeneity or asymmetric admixture throughout Mexico, displaying an increasing North-to-South gradient of Amerindian ancestry, and vice versa regarding the European component. Interestingly, this distribution of Amerindian ancestry roughly reflects pre-Hispanic Native-population density, particularly toward the Mesoamerican area. The forensic, epidemiological, and evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rubi-Castellanos
- Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán 47810, Jalisco, México
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Halder I, Yang BZ, Kranzler HR, Stein MB, Shriver MD, Gelernter J. Measurement of admixture proportions and description of admixture structure in different U.S. populations. Hum Mutat 2009; 30:1299-309. [PMID: 19572378 PMCID: PMC2867064 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Variation in individual admixture proportions leads to heterogeneity within populations. Though novel methods and marker panels have been developed to quantify individual admixture, empirical data describing individual admixture distributions are limited. We investigated variation in individual admixture in four U.S. populations (European American [EA], African American [AA], Hispanics from Connecticut [East Coast, or EC], and Hispanics from California [West Coast, or WC]) assuming three-way intermixture among Europeans, Africans, and Indigenous Americans. Admixture estimates were inferred using a panel of 36 microsatellites and one SNP, which have significant allele frequency differences between ancestral populations, and by using both a maximum likelihood (ML)-based method and a Bayesian method implemented in the program STRUCTURE. Simulation studies showed that estimates obtained with this marker panel are within 96% of expected values. EAs had the lowest non-European admixture with both methods, but showed greater homogeneity with STRUCTURE than with ML. All other samples showed a high degree of variation in admixture estimates with both methods, were highly concordant, and showed evidence of admixture stratification. With both methods, AA subjects had on average, 16% European and <10% Indigenous American admixture. EC Hispanics had higher mean African admixture and the WC Hispanics had higher mean Indigenous American admixture, possibly reflecting their different continental origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Halder
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801
| | - Bao-Zhu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center 116A2; 950 Campbell Avenue; West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Murray B. Stein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark D. Shriver
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center 116A2; 950 Campbell Avenue; West Haven, CT 06516
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Möller M, de Wit E, Hoal EG. Past, present and future directions in human genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 58:3-26. [PMID: 19780822 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2009.00600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The historical impression that tuberculosis was an inherited disorder has come full circle and substantial evidence now exists of the human genetic contribution to susceptibility to tuberculosis. This evidence has come from several whole-genome linkage scans, and numerous case-control association studies where the candidate genes were derived from the genome screens, animal models and hypotheses pertaining to the disease pathways. Although many of the associated genes have not been validated in all studies, the list of those that have been is growing, and includes NRAMP1, IFNG, NOS2A, MBL, VDR and some TLR. Certain of these genes have consistently been associated with tuberculosis in diverse populations. The future investigation of susceptibility to tuberculosis is almost certain to include genome-wide association studies, admixture mapping and the search for rare variants and epigenetic mechanisms. The genetic identification of more vulnerable individuals is expected to inform personalized treatment and perhaps vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlo Möller
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology and the DST/NRF Centre for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Ancestry informative markers and admixture proportions in northeastern Mexico. J Hum Genet 2009; 54:504-9. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2009.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cintado A, Companioni O, Nazabal M, Camacho H, Ferrer A, De Cossio MEF, Marrero A, Ale M, Villarreal A, Leal L, Casalvilla R, Benitez J, Novoa L, Diaz-Horta O, Dueñas M. Admixture estimates for the population of Havana City. Ann Hum Biol 2009; 36:350-60. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460902817984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Cintado
- Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - O. Companioni
- Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - M. Nazabal
- Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - H. Camacho
- Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - A. Ferrer
- Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | | | - A. Marrero
- Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - M. Ale
- Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - A. Villarreal
- Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - L. Leal
- Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - R. Casalvilla
- Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - J. Benitez
- Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - L. Novoa
- Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - O. Diaz-Horta
- National Institute of Endocrinology, Zapata y D, Havana, 10400, Cuba
| | - M. Dueñas
- Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, 10600, Cuba
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Sandoval K, Buentello-Malo L, Peñaloza-Espinosa R, Avelino H, Salas A, Calafell F, Comas D. Linguistic and maternal genetic diversity are not correlated in Native Mexicans. Hum Genet 2009; 126:521-31. [PMID: 19495796 PMCID: PMC2762527 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mesoamerica, defined as the broad linguistic and cultural area from middle southern Mexico to Costa Rica, might have played a pivotal role during the colonization of the American continent. The Mesoamerican isthmus has constituted an important geographic barrier that has severely restricted gene flow between North and South America in pre-historical times. Although the Native American component has been already described in admixed Mexican populations, few studies have been carried out in native Mexican populations. In this study, we present mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data for the first hypervariable region (HVR-I) in 477 unrelated individuals belonging to 11 different native populations from Mexico. Almost all of the Native Mexican mtDNAs could be classified into the four pan-Amerindian haplogroups (A2, B2, C1, and D1); only two of them could be allocated to the rare Native American lineage D4h3. Their haplogroup phylogenies are clearly star-like, as expected from relatively young populations that have experienced diverse episodes of genetic drift (e.g., extensive isolation, genetic drift, and founder effects) and posterior population expansions. In agreement with this observation, Native Mexican populations show a high degree of heterogeneity in their patterns of haplogroup frequencies. Haplogroup X2a was absent in our samples, supporting previous observations where this clade was only detected in the American northernmost areas. The search for identical sequences in the American continent shows that, although Native Mexican populations seem to show a closer relationship to North American populations, they cannot be related to a single geographical region within the continent. Finally, we did not find significant population structure in the maternal lineages when considering the four main and distinct linguistic groups represented in our Mexican samples (Oto-Manguean, Uto-Aztecan, Tarascan, and Mayan), suggesting that genetic divergence predates linguistic diversification in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Sandoval
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), CEXS-UPF-PRBB, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Postigo L, Heredia G, Illsley NP, Torricos T, Dolan C, Echalar L, Tellez W, Maldonado I, Brimacombe M, Balanza E, Vargas E, Zamudio S. Where the O2 goes to: preservation of human fetal oxygen delivery and consumption at high altitude. J Physiol 2008; 587:693-708. [PMID: 19074967 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.163634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth is decreased at high altitude (> 2700 m). We hypothesized that variation in fetal O(2) delivery might account for both the altitude effect and the relative preservation of fetal growth in multigenerational natives to high altitude. Participants were 168 women of European or Andean ancestry living at 3600 m or 400 m. Ancestry was genetically confirmed. Umbilical vein blood flow was measured using ultrasound and Doppler. Cord blood samples permitted calculation of fetal O(2) delivery and consumption. Andean fetuses had greater blood flow and oxygen delivery than Europeans and weighed more at birth, regardless of altitude (+208 g, P < 0.0001). Fetal blood flow was decreased at 3600 m (P < 0.0001); the decrement was similar in both ancestry groups. Altitude-associated decrease in birth weight was greater in Europeans (-417 g) than Andeans (-228 g, P < 0.005). Birth weight at 3600 m was > 200 g lower for Europeans at any given level of blood flow or O(2) delivery. Fetal haemoglobin concentration was increased, decreased, and the fetal / curve was left-shifted at 3600 m. Fetuses receiving less O(2) extracted more (r(2) = 0.35, P < 0.0001). These adaptations resulted in similar fetal O(2) delivery and consumption across all four groups. Increased umbilical venous O(2) delivery correlated with increased fetal O(2) consumption per kg weight (r(2) = 0.50, P < 0.0001). Blood flow (r(2) = 0.16, P < 0.001) and O(2) delivery (r(2) = 0.17, P < 0.001) correlated with birth weight at 3600 m, but not at 400 m (r(2) = 0.04, and 0.03, respectively). We concluded that the most pronounced difference at high altitude is reduced fetal blood flow, but fetal haematological adaptation and fetal capacity to increase O(2) extraction indicates that deficit in fetal oxygen delivery is unlikely to be causally associated with the altitude- and ancestry-related differences in fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrecia Postigo
- Hospital Materno-Infantil, Universidad de San Andreas Mayor, La Paz, Bolivia
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González-Martín A, Gorostiza A, Rangel-Villalobos H, Acunha V, Barrot C, Sánchez C, Ortega M, Gené M, Calderón R. Analyzing the genetic structure of the Tepehua in relation to other neighbouring Mesoamerican populations. A study based on allele frequencies of STR markers. Am J Hum Biol 2008; 20:605-13. [PMID: 18464267 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We report data on the genetic variation of the Tepehua population based on 15 autosomal microsatellites. The Tepehua, whose language belongs to the Totonac family, are settled throughout the Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico and constitute a group in demographic decline. The results suggest that the Tepehua population remained isolated throughout a large part of its history. Phylogenetic analyses performed with other indigenous and admixed populations of Mesoamerica allow us to address their biological history. The results suggest a genetic affinity between the Tepehua and the Huastecos due to their previous shared history, and a certain degree of differentiation from the Otomões groups and the Choles (who are of Mayan origin). A clear genetic differentiation is also apparent between native and admixed populations within the greater region of Mesoamerica. It is currently accepted that the genetic composition of the American populations fits a trihybrid model of admixture. The genetic structure based on comparison of 34 populations throughout the continent (9 indigenous and 23 admixed) using hierarchical cluster analysis with an explained variance of 61.17% suggests the existence of four large groups distinguished according to the degree of admixture between Amerindians, Europeans, and Africans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González-Martín
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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Flores-Martínez SE, Martínez JF, Machorro-Lazo MV, García-Zapién AG, Salgado-Goytia L, Cruz-Quevedo EG, Morán-Moguel MC, Sánchez-Corona J. XV-2c/KM19 haplotypes analysis of cystic fibrosis patients from western Mexico. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2008; 95:313-325. [PMID: 18788470 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.95.2008.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of polymorphic markers within or closely linked to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene is useful as a molecular tool for carrier detection of known and unknown mutations. To establish the association between mutations in the CFTR gene in western Mexican cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, the distribution of XV2c/KM19 haplotypes was analyzed by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion in 384 chromosomes from 74 CF patients, their unaffected parents, and normal subjects. The haplotype analysis revealed that haplotype B was present in 71.9% of CF chromosomes compared to 0% of non-CF chromosomes. The F508del and G542X mutations were strongly associated with haplotype B (96.7% and 100% of chromosomes, respectively). The haplotype distribution of the CF chromosomes carrying other CFTR mutations had a more heterogeneous background. Our results show that haplotype B is associated with CFTR mutations. Therefore, haplotype analysis is a suitable alternate strategy for screening CF patients with a heterogeneous clinical picture from populations with a high molecular heterogeneity where carrier detection programs are not available. In addition, it may be a helpful diagnostic tool for genetic counseling and carrier detection in the relatives of CF patients and in couples who are planning to have children.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Flores-Martínez
- División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Genome-wide distribution of ancestry in Mexican Americans. Hum Genet 2008; 124:207-14. [PMID: 18752003 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-008-0541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Migrations to the new world brought together individuals from Europe, Africa and the Americans. Inter-mating between these migrant and indigenous populations led to the subsequent formation of new admixed populations, such as African and Latino Americans. These unprecedented events brought together genomes that had evolved independently on different continents for tens of thousands of years and presented new environmental challenges for the indigenous and migrant populations, as well as their offspring. These circumstances provided novel opportunities for natural selection to occur that could be reflected in deviations at specific locations from the genome-wide ancestry distribution. Here we present an analysis examining European, Native American and African ancestry based on 284 microsatellite markers in a study of Mexican Americans from the Family Blood Pressure Program. We identified two genomic regions where there was a significant decrement in African ancestry (at 2p25.1, p < 10(-8) and 9p24.1, p < 2 x 10(-5)) and one region with a significant increase in European ancestry (at 1p33, p < 2 x 10(-5)). These locations may harbor genes that have been subjected to natural selection after the ancestral mixing giving rise to Mexicans.
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