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Sayehmiri F, Motamedi F, Batool Z, Naderi N, Shaerzadeh F, Zoghi A, Rezaei O, Khodagholi F, Pourbadie HG. Mitochondrial plasticity and synaptic plasticity crosstalk; in health and Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14897. [PMID: 39097920 PMCID: PMC11298206 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is believed to underlie the cellular and molecular basis of memory formation. Mitochondria are one of the main organelles involved in metabolism and energy maintenance as plastic organelles that change morphologically and functionally in response to cellular needs and regulate synaptic function and plasticity through multiple mechanisms, including ATP generation, calcium homeostasis, and biogenesis. An increased neuronal activity enhances synaptic efficiency, during which mitochondria's spatial distribution and morphology change significantly. These organelles build up in the pre-and postsynaptic zones to produce ATP, which is necessary for several synaptic processes like neurotransmitter release and recycling. Mitochondria also regulate calcium homeostasis by buffering intracellular calcium, which ensures proper synaptic activity. Furthermore, mitochondria in the presynaptic terminal have distinct morphological properties compared to dendritic or postsynaptic mitochondria. This specialization enables precise control of synaptic activity and plasticity. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to synaptic failure in many neurodegenerative disorders, like Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD, malfunctioning mitochondria cause delays in synaptic vesicle release and recycling, ionic gradient imbalances, and mostly synaptic failure. This review emphasizes mitochondrial plasticity's contribution to synaptic function. It also explores the profound effect of mitochondrial malfunction on neurodegenerative disorders, focusing on AD, and provides an overview of how they sustain cellular health under normal conditions and how their malfunction contributes to neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting their potential as a therapeutic target for such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sayehmiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Faculty of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Zehra Batool
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological SciencesUniversity of KarachiKarachiPakistan
| | - Nima Naderi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of PharmacyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Anahita Zoghi
- Department of Neurology, Loghman Hakim HospitalShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Omidvar Rezaei
- Skull Base Research CenterLoghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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van Hameren G, Aboghazleh R, Parker E, Dreier JP, Kaufer D, Friedman A. From spreading depolarization to blood-brain barrier dysfunction: navigating traumatic brain injury for novel diagnosis and therapy. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:408-425. [PMID: 38886512 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Considerable strides in medical interventions during the acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have brought improved overall survival rates. However, following TBI, people often face ongoing, persistent and debilitating long-term complications. Here, we review the recent literature to propose possible mechanisms that lead from TBI to long-term complications, focusing particularly on the involvement of a compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB). We discuss evidence for the role of spreading depolarization as a key pathological mechanism associated with microvascular dysfunction and the transformation of astrocytes to an inflammatory phenotype. Finally, we summarize new predictive and diagnostic biomarkers and explore potential therapeutic targets for treating long-term complications of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerben van Hameren
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Brain Repair Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Refat Aboghazleh
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Brain Repair Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Ellen Parker
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Brain Repair Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jens P Dreier
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alon Friedman
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Brain Repair Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
- Department of Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zelman Inter-Disciplinary Center of Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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3
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Hedlich-Dwyer J, Allard JS, Mulgrave VE, Kisby GE, Raber J, Gassman NR. Novel Techniques for Mapping DNA Damage and Repair in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7021. [PMID: 39000135 PMCID: PMC11241736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA damage in the brain is influenced by endogenous processes and metabolism along with exogenous exposures. Accumulation of DNA damage in the brain can contribute to various neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. Traditional methods for assessing DNA damage in the brain, such as immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometry, have provided valuable insights but are limited by their inability to map specific DNA adducts and regional distributions within the brain or genome. Recent advancements in DNA damage detection methods offer new opportunities to address these limitations and further our understanding of DNA damage and repair in the brain. Here, we review emerging techniques offering more precise and sensitive ways to detect and quantify DNA lesions in the brain or neural cells. We highlight the advancements and applications of these techniques and discuss their potential for determining the role of DNA damage in neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Hedlich-Dwyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Joanne S Allard
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Veronica E Mulgrave
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Glen E Kisby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurology, and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Natalie R Gassman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Harris JL, Wang X, Christian SK, Novikova L, Kalani A, Hui D, Ferren S, Barbay S, Ortiz JP, Nudo RJ, Brooks WM, Wilkins HM, Chalise P, Michaelis ML, Michaelis EK, Swerdlow RH. Traumatic Brain Injury Alters the Trajectory of Age-Related Mitochondrial Change. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1793-1806. [PMID: 38306050 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Background Some epidemiologic studies associate traumatic brain injury (TBI) with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective To test whether a TBI-induced acceleration of age-related mitochondrial change could potentially mediate the reported TBI-AD association. Methods We administered unilateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) or sham injuries to 5-month-old C57BL/6J and tau transgenic rTg4510 mice. In the non-transgenics, we assessed behavior (1-5 days, 1 month, and 15 months), lesion size (1 and 15 months), respiratory chain enzymes (1 and 15 months), and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) (1 and 15 months) after CCI/sham. In the transgenics we quantified post-injury mtDNAcn and tangle burden. Results In the non-transgenics CCI caused acute behavioral deficits that improved or resolved by 1-month post-injury. Protein-normalized complex I and cytochrome oxidase activities were not significantly altered at 1 or 15 months, although complex I activity in the CCI ipsilesional cortex declined during that period. Hippocampal mtDNAcn was not altered by injury at 1 month, increased with age, and rose to the greatest extent in the CCI contralesional hippocampus. In the injured then aged transgenics, the ipsilesional hippocampus contained less mtDNA and fewer tangles than the contralesional hippocampus; mtDNAcn and tangle counts did not correlate. Conclusions As mice age their brains increase mtDNAcn as part of a compensatory response that preserves mitochondrial function, and TBI enhances this response. TBI may, therefore, increase the amount of compensation required to preserve late-life mitochondrial function. If TBI does modify AD risk, altering the trajectory or biology of aging-related mitochondrial changes could mediate the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna L Harris
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Xiaowan Wang
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sarah K Christian
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Lesya Novikova
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anuradha Kalani
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Dongwei Hui
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sadie Ferren
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Scott Barbay
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Judit Perez Ortiz
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Randolph J Nudo
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - William M Brooks
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Departments of Neurology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Heather M Wilkins
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Departments of Neurology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Prabhakar Chalise
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mary Lou Michaelis
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Elias K Michaelis
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Departments of Neurology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Schmitt R, Qayum S, Pliss A, Kuzmin AN, Muthaiah VPK, Kaliyappan K, Prasad PN, Mahajan SD. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Following Blast Traumatic Brain Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3639-3651. [PMID: 37314617 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is a key driver of traumatic brain injury (TBI), contributing to prolonged neurological deficits and increased risk of death in TBI patients. Strikingly, the role of endothelium in the progression of BBB breakdown has not been sufficiently investigated, even though it constitutes the bulk of BBB structure. In the current study, we investigate TBI-induced changes in the brain endothelium at the subcellular level, particularly focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction, using a combination of confocal imaging, gene expression analysis, and molecular profiling by Raman spectrometry. Herein, we developed and applied an in-vitro blast-TBI (bTBI) model that employs an acoustic shock tube to deliver injury to cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVEC). We found that this injury results in aberrant expression of mitochondrial genes, as well as cytokines/ inflammasomes, and regulators of apoptosis. Furthermore, injured cells exhibit a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and in Ca2+ levels. These changes are accompanied by overall reduction of intracellular proteins levels as well as profound transformations in mitochondrial proteome and lipidome. Finally, blast injury leads to a reduction in HBMVEC cell viability, with up to 50% of cells exhibiting signs of apoptosis following 24 h after injury. These findings led us to hypothesize that mitochondrial dysfunction in HBMVEC is a key component of BBB breakdown and TBI progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Schmitt
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Sana Qayum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Clinical Translational Research Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Artem Pliss
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Andrey N Kuzmin
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Vijaya Prakash Krishnan Muthaiah
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York, 633 Kimball Tower, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Kathiravan Kaliyappan
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York, 633 Kimball Tower, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Paras N Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
| | - Supriya D Mahajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Clinical Translational Research Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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Singh LN, Kao SH, Wallace DC. Unlocking the Complexity of Mitochondrial DNA: A Key to Understanding Neurodegenerative Disease Caused by Injury. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123460. [PMID: 34943968 PMCID: PMC8715673 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders that are triggered by injury typically have variable and unpredictable outcomes due to the complex and multifactorial cascade of events following the injury and during recovery. Hence, several factors beyond the initial injury likely contribute to the disease progression and pathology, and among these are genetic factors. Genetics is a recognized factor in determining the outcome of common neurodegenerative diseases. The role of mitochondrial genetics and function in traditional neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, is well-established. Much less is known about mitochondrial genetics, however, regarding neurodegenerative diseases that result from injuries such as traumatic brain injury and ischaemic stroke. We discuss the potential role of mitochondrial DNA genetics in the progression and outcome of injury-related neurodegenerative diseases. We present a guide for understanding mitochondrial genetic variation, along with the nuances of quantifying mitochondrial DNA variation. Evidence supporting a role for mitochondrial DNA as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease is also reviewed and examined. Further research into the impact of mitochondrial DNA on neurodegenerative disease resulting from injury will likely offer key insights into the genetic factors that determine the outcome of these diseases together with potential targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry N. Singh
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Shih-Han Kao
- Resuscitation Science Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Douglas C. Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Chang X, Bakay M, Liu Y, Glessner J, Rathi KS, Hou C, Qu H, Vaksman Z, Nguyen K, Sleiman PMA, Diskin SJ, Maris JM, Hakonarson H. Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups and Susceptibility to Neuroblastoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 112:1259-1266. [PMID: 32096864 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is a childhood malignancy that arises from the developing sympathetic nervous system. Although mitochondrial dysfunctions have been implicated in the pathophysiology of neuroblastoma, the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has not been extensively investigated. METHODS A total of 2404 Caucasian children diagnosed with neuroblastoma and 9310 ancestry-matched controls were recruited at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. The mtDNA haplogroups were identified from SNP array data of two independent cohorts. We conducted a case-control study to explore potential associations of mtDNA haplogroups with the susceptibility of neuroblastoma. The genetic effect of neuroblastoma was measured by odds ratios (ORs) of mitochondrial haplogroups. All tests were two-sided. RESULTS Haplogroup K was statistically significantly associated with reduced risk of neuroblastoma in the discovery cohort consisting of 1474 cases and 5699 controls (OR = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.57 to 0.90; P = 4.8 × 10-3). The association was replicated in an independent cohort (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.53 to 0.92; P = .01) of 930 cases and 3611 controls. Pooled analysis was performed by combining the two data sets. The association remained highly statistically significant after correction for multiple testing (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.59 to 0.84, P = 1.96 × 10-4, Pcorrected = .002). Further analysis focusing on neuroblastoma subtypes indicated haplogroup K was more associated with high-risk neuroblastoma (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.43 to 0.76; P = 1.46 × 10-4) than low-risk and intermediate-risk neuroblastoma. CONCLUSIONS Haplogroup K is an independent genetic factor associated with reduced risk of developing neuroblastoma in European descents. These findings provide new insights into the genetic basis of neuroblastoma, implicating mitochondrial DNA encoded proteins in the etiology of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chang
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marina Bakay
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yichuan Liu
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Komal S Rathi
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cuiping Hou
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Huiqi Qu
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zalman Vaksman
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenny Nguyen
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick M A Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon J Diskin
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Pencovich N, Nevo N, Weiser R, Bonder E, Bogoch Y, Nachmany I. Postoperative Rise of Circulating Mitochondrial DNA Is Associated with Inflammatory Response in Patients following Pancreaticoduodenectomy. Eur Surg Res 2021; 62:18-24. [PMID: 33902043 DOI: 10.1159/000514661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accumulation of plasma mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) following severe trauma has been shown to correlate with the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and may predict mortality. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between levels of circulatory mtDNA following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and the postoperative course. METHODS Levels of plasma mtDNA were assessed by real-time PCR of the mitochondrial genes ND1 and COX3 in 23 consecutive patients who underwent PD 1 day prior to surgery, within 8 h after surgery, and on postoperative day (POD)1 and POD5. The abundance of mtDNA was assessed relative to preoperative levels and in relation to parameters reflecting the postoperative clinical course. RESULTS When pooled for all patients, the circulating mtDNA levels were significantly increased after surgery. However, while a significant (at least >2-fold and up to >20-fold) rise was noted in 11 patients, no change in mtDNA levels was noted in the other 12 following surgery. Postoperative rise in circulating mtDNA was associated with an increased rate of postoperative fever until day 5, decreased hemoglobin and albumin levels, and increased white blood cell counts. These patients also suffered from increased rates of delayed gastric emptying. No significant differences were demonstrated in other postoperative parameters. CONCLUSION Circulating mtDNA surge is associated with an inflammatory response following PD and may potentially be used as an early marker for postoperative course. Studies of larger patient cohorts are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niv Pencovich
- Department of General Surgery B, Division of Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, The Nikolas and Elizabeth Shlezak Fund for Experimental Surgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nadav Nevo
- Department of General Surgery B, Division of Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, The Nikolas and Elizabeth Shlezak Fund for Experimental Surgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Roi Weiser
- Department of General Surgery B, Division of Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, The Nikolas and Elizabeth Shlezak Fund for Experimental Surgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ekaterina Bonder
- Department of General Surgery B, Division of Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, The Nikolas and Elizabeth Shlezak Fund for Experimental Surgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoel Bogoch
- Department of General Surgery B, Division of Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, The Nikolas and Elizabeth Shlezak Fund for Experimental Surgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Nachmany
- Department of General Surgery B, Division of Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, The Nikolas and Elizabeth Shlezak Fund for Experimental Surgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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9
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Gomez A, Batson C, Froese L, Zeiler FA. Genetic Variation and Impact on Outcome in Traumatic Brain Injury: an Overview of Recent Discoveries. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2021; 21:19. [PMID: 33694085 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-021-01106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has a significant burden of disease worldwide and outcomes vary widely. Current prognostic tools fail to fully account for this variability despite incorporating clinical, radiographic, and biochemical data. This variance could possibly be explained by genotypic differences in the patient population. In this review, we explore single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) TBI outcome association studies. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, SNP association studies in TBI have focused on global, neurocognitive/neuropsychiatric, and physiologic outcomes. While the APOE gene has been the most extensively studied, other genes associated with neural repair, cell death, the blood-brain barrier, cerebral edema, neurotransmitters, mitochondria, and inflammatory cytokines have all been examined for their association with various outcomes following TBI. The results have been mixed across studies and even within genes. SNP association studies provide insight into mechanisms by which outcomes may vary following TBI. Their individual clinical utility, however, is often limited by small sample sizes and poor reproducibility. In the future, they may serve as hypothesis generating for future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwyn Gomez
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Carleen Batson
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Logan Froese
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Frederick A Zeiler
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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10
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"Omics" in traumatic brain injury: novel approaches to a complex disease. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:2581-2594. [PMID: 34273044 PMCID: PMC8357753 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-021-04928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, there is neither any pharmacological treatment with efficacy in traumatic brain injury (TBI) nor any method to halt the disease progress. This is due to an incomplete understanding of the vast complexity of the biological cascades and failure to appreciate the diversity of secondary injury mechanisms in TBI. In recent years, techniques for high-throughput characterization and quantification of biological molecules that include genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have evolved and referred to as omics. METHODS In this narrative review, we highlight how omics technology can be applied to potentiate diagnostics and prognostication as well as to advance our understanding of injury mechanisms in TBI. RESULTS The omics platforms provide possibilities to study function, dynamics, and alterations of molecular pathways of normal and TBI disease states. Through advanced bioinformatics, large datasets of molecular information from small biological samples can be analyzed in detail and provide valuable knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms, to include in prognostic modeling when connected to clinically relevant data. In such a complex disease as TBI, omics enables broad categories of studies from gene compositions associated with susceptibility to secondary injury or poor outcome, to potential alterations in metabolites following TBI. CONCLUSION The field of omics in TBI research is rapidly evolving. The recent data and novel methods reviewed herein may form the basis for improved precision medicine approaches, development of pharmacological approaches, and individualization of therapeutic efforts by implementing mathematical "big data" predictive modeling in the near future.
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11
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Abdolmohammadi B, Dupre A, Evers L, Mez J. Genetics of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. Semin Neurol 2020; 40:420-429. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) garners substantial attention in the media and there have been marked scientific advances in the last few years, much remains unclear about the role of genetic risk in CTE. Two athletes with comparable contact-sport exposure may have varying amounts of CTE neuropathology, suggesting that other factors, including genetics, may contribute to CTE risk and severity. In this review, we explore reasons why genetics may be important for CTE, concepts in genetic study design for CTE (including choosing controls, endophenotypes, gene by environment interaction, and epigenetics), implicated genes in CTE (including APOE, MAPT, and TMEM106B), and whether predictive genetic testing for CTE should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobak Abdolmohammadi
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Boston University Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Alicia Dupre
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Boston University Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Laney Evers
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Boston University Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Boston University Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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12
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Yin J, Reiman EM, Beach TG, Serrano GE, Sabbagh MN, Nielsen M, Caselli RJ, Shi J. Effect of ApoE isoforms on mitochondria in Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2020; 94:e2404-e2411. [PMID: 32457210 PMCID: PMC7455369 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that ApoE isoforms affect mitochondrial structure and function that are related to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer disease (AD), we systematically investigated the effects of ApoE isoforms on mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, oxidative stress, synapses, and cognitive performance in AD. METHODS We obtained postmortem human brain tissues and measured proteins that are responsible for mitochondrial biogenesis (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α [PGC-1α] and sirtuin 3 [SIRT3]), for mitochondrial dynamics (mitofusin 1 [MFN1], mitofusin 2 [MFN2], and dynamin-like protein 1 [DLP1]), for oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase 2 [SOD2] and forkhead-box protein O3a [Foxo3a]), and for synapses (postsynaptic density protein 95 [PSD95] and synapsin1 [Syn1]). A total of 46 cases were enrolled, including ApoE-ɛ4 carriers (n = 21) and noncarriers (n = 25). RESULTS Levels of these proteins were compared between ApoE-ɛ4 carriers and noncarriers. ApoE-ɛ4 was associated with impaired mitochondrial structure and function, oxidative stress, and synaptic integrity in the human brain. Correlation analysis revealed that mitochondrial proteins and the synaptic protein were strongly associated with cognitive performance. CONCLUSION ApoE isoforms influence mitochondrial structure and function, which likely leads to alteration in oxidative stress, synapses, and cognitive function. These mitochondria-related proteins may be a harbinger of cognitive decline in ApoE-ɛ4 carriers and provide novel therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Yin
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Eric M Reiman
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Thomas G Beach
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Marwan N Sabbagh
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Megan Nielsen
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Richard J Caselli
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Jiong Shi
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing.
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13
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Abstract
Cerebral autoregulatory dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is strongly linked to poor global outcome in patients at 6 months after injury. However, our understanding of the drivers of this dysfunction is limited. Genetic variation among individuals within a population gives rise to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have the potential to influence a given patient's cerebrovascular response to an injury. Associations have been reported between a variety of genetic polymorphisms and global outcome in patients with TBI, but few studies have explored the association between genetic variants and cerebrovascular function after injury. In this Review, we explore polymorphisms that might play an important part in cerebral autoregulatory capacity after TBI. We outline a variety of SNPs, their biological substrates and their potential role in mediating cerebrovascular reactivity. A number of candidate polymorphisms exist in genes that are involved in myogenic, endothelial, metabolic and neurogenic vascular responses to injury. Furthermore, polymorphisms in genes involved in inflammation, the central autonomic response and cortical spreading depression might drive cerebrovascular reactivity. Identification of candidate genes involved in cerebral autoregulation after TBI provides a platform and rationale for further prospective investigation of the link between genetic polymorphisms and autoregulatory function.
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14
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王 子. Bioinformatics Study of Differentially Expressed Genes microRNA Regulatory Network in Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.12677/biphy.2020.84004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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15
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Chen T, Zhu J, Hang CH, Wang YH. The Potassium SK Channel Activator NS309 Protects Against Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury Through Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1432. [PMID: 31849677 PMCID: PMC6895208 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays important roles in neuronal cell death and functional deficits after TBI. Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK) have been shown to be potential therapeutic targets for treatment of neurological disorders, such as stroke and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of SK channels in an animal model of TBI induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI). The SK channels activator NS309 at a concentration of 2 mg/kg was administered by intraperitoneal injection, and no obviously organ-related toxicity of NS309 was found in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Treatment with NS309 significantly reduced brain edema after TBI, but had no effect on contusion volume. This protection can be observed even when the administration was delayed by 4 h after injury. NS309 attenuated the TBI-induced deficits in neurological function, which was accompanied by the reduced neuronal apoptosis. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that NS309 decreased the number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and microglia cells, with no effect on astrocytes. In addition, NS309 markedly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and chemokines (MCP-1, MIP-2, and RANTES), but increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β1) after TBI. The results of RT-PCR and western blot showed that NS309 increased TSG-6 expression and inhibited NF-κB activation. Furthermore, knockdown of TSG-6 using in vivo transfection with TSG-6 specific shRNA partially reversed the protective and anti-inflammatory effects of NS309 against TBI. In summary, our results indicate that the SK channel activator NS309 could modulate inflammation-associated immune cells and cytokines via regulating the TSG-6/NF-κB pathway after TBI. The present study offers a new sight into the mechanisms responsible for SK channels activation with implications for the treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, School of Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, School of Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Hai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, School of Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, China
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16
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Zeiler FA, McFadyen C, Newcombe VFJ, Synnot A, Donoghue EL, Ripatti S, Steyerberg EW, Gruen RL, McAllister TW, Rosand J, Palotie A, Maas AIR, Menon DK. Genetic Influences on Patient-Oriented Outcomes in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Living Systematic Review of Non-Apolipoprotein E Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms. J Neurotrauma 2019; 38:1107-1123. [PMID: 29799308 PMCID: PMC8054522 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing literature on the impact of genetic variation on outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Whereas a substantial proportion of these publications have focused on the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, several have explored the influence of other polymorphisms. We undertook a systematic review of the impact of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in non–apolipoprotein E (non-APOE) genes associated with patient outcomes in adult TBI). We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and gray literature from inception to the beginning of August 2017 for studies of genetic variance in relation to patient outcomes in adult TBI. Sixty-eight articles were deemed eligible for inclusion into the systematic review. The SNPs described were in the following categories: neurotransmitter (NT) in 23, cytokine in nine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in 12, mitochondrial genes in three, and miscellaneous SNPs in 21. All studies were based on small patient cohorts and suffered from potential bias. A range of SNPs associated with genes coding for monoamine NTs, BDNF, cytokines, and mitochondrial proteins have been reported to be associated with variation in global, neuropsychiatric, and behavioral outcomes. An analysis of the tissue, cellular, and subcellular location of the genes that harbored the SNPs studied showed that they could be clustered into blood–brain barrier associated, neuroprotective/regulatory, and neuropsychiatric/degenerative groups. Several small studies report that various NT, cytokine, and BDNF-related SNPs are associated with variations in global outcome at 6–12 months post-TBI. The association of these SNPs with neuropsychiatric and behavioral outcomes is less clear. A definitive assessment of role and effect size of genetic variation in these genes on outcome remains uncertain, but could be clarified by an adequately powered genome-wide association study with appropriate recording of outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A Zeiler
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Clinician Investigator Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Charles McFadyen
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anneliese Synnot
- Centre for Excellence in Traumatic Brain Injury Research, National Trauma Research Institute, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia and Cochrane Consumers and Communication Review Group, Centre for Health Communication and Participation, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma L Donoghue
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine and Cochrane Australia, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) and Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ewout W Steyerberg
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands and Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Russel L Gruen
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Thomas W McAllister
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew I R Maas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - David K Menon
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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17
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Morganti-Kossmann MC, Semple BD, Hellewell SC, Bye N, Ziebell JM. The complexity of neuroinflammation consequent to traumatic brain injury: from research evidence to potential treatments. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:731-755. [PMID: 30535946 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review recounts the definitions and research evidence supporting the multifaceted roles of neuroinflammation in the injured brain following trauma. We summarise the literature fluctuating from the protective and detrimental properties that cytokines, leukocytes and glial cells play in the acute and chronic stages of TBI, including the intrinsic factors that influence cytokine responses and microglial functions relative to genetics, sex, and age. We elaborate on the pros and cons that cytokines, chemokines, and microglia play in brain repair, specifically neurogenesis, and how such conflicting roles may be harnessed therapeutically to sustain the survival of new neurons. With a brief review of the clinical and experimental findings demonstrating early and chronic inflammation impacts on outcomes, we focus on the clinical conditions that may be amplified by neuroinflammation, ranging from acute seizures to chronic epilepsy, neuroendocrine dysfunction, dementia, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Finally, we provide an overview of the therapeutic agents that have been tested to reduce inflammation-driven secondary pathological cascades and speculate the future promise of alternative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Morganti-Kossmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Australian New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah C Hellewell
- Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, Heart Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole Bye
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS, Australia
| | - Jenna M Ziebell
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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18
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Zhao Z, Zhou Y, Hilton T, Li F, Han C, Liu L, Yuan H, Li Y, Xu X, Wu X, Zhang F, Thiagarajan P, Cap A, Shi FD, Zhang J, Dong JF. Extracellular mitochondria released from traumatized brains induced platelet procoagulant activity. Haematologica 2019; 105:209-217. [PMID: 30975909 PMCID: PMC6939511 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.214932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulopathy often develops soon after acute traumatic brain injury and its cause remains poorly understood. We have shown that injured brains release cellular microvesicles that disrupt the endothelial barrier and induce consumptive coagulopathy. Morphologically intact extracellular mitochondria accounted for 55.2% of these microvesicles, leading to the hypothesis that these extracellular mitochondria are metabolically active and serve as a source of oxidative stress that activates platelets and renders them procoagulant. In testing this hypothesis experimentally, we found that the extracellular mitochondria purified from brain trauma mice and those released from brains subjected to freeze-thaw injury remained metabolically active and produced reactive oxygen species. These extracellular mitochondria bound platelets through the phospholipid-CD36 interaction and induced α-granule secretion, microvesiculation, and procoagulant activity in an oxidant-dependent manner, but failed to induce aggregation. These results define an extracellular mitochondria-induced and redox-dependent intermediate phenotype of platelets that contribute to the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury-induced coagulopathy and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhao
- BloodWorks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- BloodWorks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Fanjian Li
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Cha Han
- BloodWorks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hengjie Yuan
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Xu
- BloodWorks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- BloodWorks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Fangyi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Perumal Thiagarajan
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Cap
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- BloodWorks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA .,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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19
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Abstract
The maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is located inside every mitochondrion, in variable number of copies, and it contains 37 crucial genes for cellular bioenergetics. This chapter will discuss the unique features of this circular genome including heteroplasmy, haplogroups, among others, along with the corresponding clinical relevance for each. The discussion also covers the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes (N > 1000) and the epistatic interactions between mtDNA and the nuclear genome. Examples of mitochondrial diseases related to specific mtDNA mutation sites of relevance for humans are provided. This chapter aims to provide an overview of mitochondrial genetics as an emerging hot topic for the future of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa F Gonçalves
- Molecular Brain Sciences Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
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20
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Zhou Z, Austin GL, Young LEA, Johnson LA, Sun R. Mitochondrial Metabolism in Major Neurological Diseases. Cells 2018; 7:E229. [PMID: 30477120 PMCID: PMC6316877 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are bilayer sub-cellular organelles that are an integral part of normal cellular physiology. They are responsible for producing the majority of a cell's ATP, thus supplying energy for a variety of key cellular processes, especially in the brain. Although energy production is a key aspect of mitochondrial metabolism, its role extends far beyond energy production to cell signaling and epigenetic regulation⁻functions that contribute to cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and autophagy. Recent research on neurological disorders suggest a major metabolic component in disease pathophysiology, and mitochondria have been shown to be in the center of metabolic dysregulation and possibly disease manifestation. This review will discuss the basic functions of mitochondria and how alterations in mitochondrial activity lead to neurological disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqiu Zhou
- Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Grant L Austin
- Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Lyndsay E A Young
- Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Lance A Johnson
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Ramon Sun
- Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diseases were discovered 30 years ago, and their characterization has provided a new perspective on the etiology of the common metabolic and degenerative diseases, cancer, and aging. The maternally inherited mtDNA contains 37 critical bioenergetic genes that are present in hundreds of copies per cell, but the 'mitochondrial genome' encompasses an additional 1,000-2,000 nuclear DNA (nDNA) mitochondrial genes. The interaction between these two mitochondrial genetic systems provides explanations for phenomena such as the non-Mendelian transmission of the common 'complex' diseases, age-related disease risk and progression, variable penetrance and expressivity, and gene-environment interactions. Thus, mtDNA genetics contributes to the quantitative and environmental components of human genetics that cannot be explained by Mendelian genetics. Because mtDNA is maternally inherited and cytoplasmic, it has fostered the first germline gene therapy, nuclear transplantation. However, effective interventions are still lacking for existing patients with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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22
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Chen YH, Huang EYK, Kuo TT, Miller J, Chiang YH, Hoffer BJ. Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Dopaminergic Transmission. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1156-1168. [PMID: 28933212 PMCID: PMC5657731 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717714105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain trauma is often associated with severe morbidity and is a major public health concern. Even when injury is mild and no obvious anatomic disruption is seen, many individuals suffer disabling neuropsychological impairments such as memory loss, mood dysfunction, substance abuse, and adjustment disorder. These changes may be related to subtle disruption of neural circuits as well as functional changes at the neurotransmitter level. In particular, there is considerable evidence that dopamine (DA) physiology in the nigrostriatal and mesocorticolimbic pathways might be impaired after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Alterations in DA levels can lead to oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction, and DA plays an important role in central nervous system inflammation. Therapeutic targeting of DA pathways may offer benefits for both neuronal survival and functional outcome after TBI. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of DA pathology in acute TBI and the potential impact of therapies that target these systems for the treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Yuan-Hao Chen, Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 4F, No. 325, 2nd Sec., Cheng-Kung Road, Nei-Hu District, Taipei City, 114 Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jonathan Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Barry J. Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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23
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Ancestry and different rates of suicide and homicide in European countries: A study with population-level data. J Affect Disord 2018; 232:152-162. [PMID: 29494899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are large differences in suicide rates across Europe. The current study investigated the relationship of suicide and homicide rates in different countries of Europe with ancestry as it is defined with the haplotype frequencies of Y-DNA and mtDNA. MATERIAL AND METHODS The mortality data were retrieved from the WHO online database. The genetic data were retrieved from http://www.eupedia.com. The statistical analysis included Forward Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression analysis and Pearson Correlation Coefficient (R). RESULTS In males, N and R1a Y-DNA haplotypes were positively related to both homicidal and suicidal behaviors while I1 was negatively related. The Q was positively related to the homicidal rate. Overall, 60-75% of the observed variance was explained. L, J and X mtDNA haplogroups were negatively related with suicide in females alone, with 82-85% of the observed variance described. DISCUSSION The current study should not be considered as a study of genetic markers but rather a study of human ancestry. Its results could mean that research on suicidality has a strong biological but locally restricted component and could be limited by the study population; generalizability of the results at an international level might not be possible. Further research with patient-level data are needed to verify whether these haplotypes could serve as biological markers to identify persons at risk to commit suicide or homicide and whether biologically-determined ancestry could serve as an intermediate grouping method or even as an endophenotype in suicide research.
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24
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Maas AIR, Menon DK, Adelson PD, Andelic N, Bell MJ, Belli A, Bragge P, Brazinova A, Büki A, Chesnut RM, Citerio G, Coburn M, Cooper DJ, Crowder AT, Czeiter E, Czosnyka M, Diaz-Arrastia R, Dreier JP, Duhaime AC, Ercole A, van Essen TA, Feigin VL, Gao G, Giacino J, Gonzalez-Lara LE, Gruen RL, Gupta D, Hartings JA, Hill S, Jiang JY, Ketharanathan N, Kompanje EJO, Lanyon L, Laureys S, Lecky F, Levin H, Lingsma HF, Maegele M, Majdan M, Manley G, Marsteller J, Mascia L, McFadyen C, Mondello S, Newcombe V, Palotie A, Parizel PM, Peul W, Piercy J, Polinder S, Puybasset L, Rasmussen TE, Rossaint R, Smielewski P, Söderberg J, Stanworth SJ, Stein MB, von Steinbüchel N, Stewart W, Steyerberg EW, Stocchetti N, Synnot A, Te Ao B, Tenovuo O, Theadom A, Tibboel D, Videtta W, Wang KKW, Williams WH, Wilson L, Yaffe K, Adams H, Agnoletti V, Allanson J, Amrein K, Andaluz N, Anke A, Antoni A, van As AB, Audibert G, Azaševac A, Azouvi P, Azzolini ML, Baciu C, Badenes R, Barlow KM, Bartels R, Bauerfeind U, Beauchamp M, Beer D, Beer R, Belda FJ, Bellander BM, Bellier R, Benali H, Benard T, Beqiri V, Beretta L, Bernard F, Bertolini G, Bilotta F, Blaabjerg M, den Boogert H, Boutis K, Bouzat P, Brooks B, Brorsson C, Bullinger M, Burns E, Calappi E, Cameron P, Carise E, Castaño-León AM, Causin F, Chevallard G, Chieregato A, Christie B, Cnossen M, Coles J, Collett J, Della Corte F, Craig W, Csato G, Csomos A, Curry N, Dahyot-Fizelier C, Dawes H, DeMatteo C, Depreitere B, Dewey D, van Dijck J, Đilvesi Đ, Dippel D, Dizdarevic K, Donoghue E, Duek O, Dulière GL, Dzeko A, Eapen G, Emery CA, English S, Esser P, Ezer E, Fabricius M, Feng J, Fergusson D, Figaji A, Fleming J, Foks K, Francony G, Freedman S, Freo U, Frisvold SK, Gagnon I, Galanaud D, Gantner D, Giraud B, Glocker B, Golubovic J, Gómez López PA, Gordon WA, Gradisek P, Gravel J, Griesdale D, Grossi F, Haagsma JA, Håberg AK, Haitsma I, Van Hecke W, Helbok R, Helseth E, van Heugten C, Hoedemaekers C, Höfer S, Horton L, Hui J, Huijben JA, Hutchinson PJ, Jacobs B, van der Jagt M, Jankowski S, Janssens K, Jelaca B, Jones KM, Kamnitsas K, Kaps R, Karan M, Katila A, Kaukonen KM, De Keyser V, Kivisaari R, Kolias AG, Kolumbán B, Kolundžija K, Kondziella D, Koskinen LO, Kovács N, Kramer A, Kutsogiannis D, Kyprianou T, Lagares A, Lamontagne F, Latini R, Lauzier F, Lazar I, Ledig C, Lefering R, Legrand V, Levi L, Lightfoot R, Lozano A, MacDonald S, Major S, Manara A, Manhes P, Maréchal H, Martino C, Masala A, Masson S, Mattern J, McFadyen B, McMahon C, Meade M, Melegh B, Menovsky T, Moore L, Morgado Correia M, Morganti-Kossmann MC, Muehlan H, Mukherjee P, Murray L, van der Naalt J, Negru A, Nelson D, Nieboer D, Noirhomme Q, Nyirádi J, Oddo M, Okonkwo DO, Oldenbeuving AW, Ortolano F, Osmond M, Payen JF, Perlbarg V, Persona P, Pichon N, Piippo-Karjalainen A, Pili-Floury S, Pirinen M, Ple H, Poca MA, Posti J, Van Praag D, Ptito A, Radoi A, Ragauskas A, Raj R, Real RGL, Reed N, Rhodes J, Robertson C, Rocka S, Røe C, Røise O, Roks G, Rosand J, Rosenfeld JV, Rosenlund C, Rosenthal G, Rossi S, Rueckert D, de Ruiter GCW, Sacchi M, Sahakian BJ, Sahuquillo J, Sakowitz O, Salvato G, Sánchez-Porras R, Sándor J, Sangha G, Schäfer N, Schmidt S, Schneider KJ, Schnyer D, Schöhl H, Schoonman GG, Schou RF, Sir Ö, Skandsen T, Smeets D, Sorinola A, Stamatakis E, Stevanovic A, Stevens RD, Sundström N, Taccone FS, Takala R, Tanskanen P, Taylor MS, Telgmann R, Temkin N, Teodorani G, Thomas M, Tolias CM, Trapani T, Turgeon A, Vajkoczy P, Valadka AB, Valeinis E, Vallance S, Vámos Z, Vargiolu A, Vega E, Verheyden J, Vik A, Vilcinis R, Vleggeert-Lankamp C, Vogt L, Volovici V, Voormolen DC, Vulekovic P, Vande Vyvere T, Van Waesberghe J, Wessels L, Wildschut E, Williams G, Winkler MKL, Wolf S, Wood G, Xirouchaki N, Younsi A, Zaaroor M, Zelinkova V, Zemek R, Zumbo F. Traumatic brain injury: integrated approaches to improve prevention, clinical care, and research. Lancet Neurol 2017; 16:987-1048. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 822] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Ryu E, Nassan M, Jenkins GD, Armasu SM, Andreazza A, McElroy SL, Vawter MP, Frye MA, Biernacka JM. A Genome-Wide Search for Bipolar Disorder Risk Loci Modified by Mitochondrial Genome Variation. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2017; 3:125-134. [PMID: 29594131 DOI: 10.1159/000464444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA mutations have been reported to be associated with bipolar disorder (BD). In this study, we performed genome-wide analyses to assess mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphism (mtSNP) effects on BD risk and early-onset BD (EOBD) among BD patients, focusing on interaction effects between nuclear SNPs (nSNPs) and mtSNPs. Common nSNP and mtSNP data from European American BD cases (n = 1,001) and controls (n = 1,034) from the Genetic Association Information Network BD study were analyzed to assess the joint effect of nSNP and nSNP-mtSNP interaction on the risk of BD and EOBD. The effect of nSNP-mtSNP interactions was also assessed. For BD risk, the strongest evidence of an association was obtained for nSNP rs1880924 in MGAM and mtSNP rs3088309 in CytB (pjoint = 8.2 × 10-8, pint = 1.4 × 10-4). Our results also suggest that the minor allele of the nSNP rs583990 in CTNNA2 increases the risk of EOBD among carriers of the mtSNP rs3088309 minor allele, while the nSNP has no effect among those carrying the mtSNP major allele (OR = 4.53 vs. 1.05, pjoint = 2.1 × 10-7, pint = 1.16 × 10-6). While our results are not statistically significant after multiple testing correction and a large-sample replication is required, our exploratory study demonstrates the potential importance of considering the mitochondrial genome for identifying genetic factors associated with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euijung Ryu
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Malik Nassan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gregory D Jenkins
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Ana Andreazza
- Department of Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan L McElroy
- Department of Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA.,Department of University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marquis P Vawter
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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26
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Kim S, Han SC, Gallan AJ, Hayes JP. Neurometabolic indicators of mitochondrial dysfunction in repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Concussion 2017; 2:CNC48. [PMID: 30202587 PMCID: PMC6128012 DOI: 10.2217/cnc-2017-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a significant national health concern and there is growing evidence that repetitive mTBI (rmTBI) can cause long-term change in brain structure and function. The mitochondrion has been suggested to be involved in the mechanism of TBI. There are noninvasive methods of determining mitochondrial dysfunction through biomarkers and spectroscopy. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in a variety of neurological consequences secondary to rmTBI through activation of caspases and calpains. The purpose of this review is to examine the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in rmTBI and its downstream effects on neuronal cell death, axonal injury and blood–brain barrier compromise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kim
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Steve C Han
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alexander J Gallan
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jasmeet P Hayes
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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27
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Terrell TR, Abramson R, Barth JT, Bennett E, Cantu RC, Sloane R, Laskowitz DT, Erlanger DM, McKeag D, Nichols G, Valentine V, Galloway L. Genetic polymorphisms associated with the risk of concussion in 1056 college athletes: a multicentre prospective cohort study. Br J Sports Med 2017; 52:192-198. [PMID: 28918391 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To evaluate the association of genetic polymorphisms APOE, APOE G-219T promoter, microtubule associated protein(MAPT)/tau exon 6 Ser53Pro, MAPT/tau Hist47Tyr, IL-6572 G/C and IL-6RAsp358Ala with the risk of concussion in college athletes. METHODS A 23-centre prospective cohort study of 1056 college athletes with genotyping was completed between August 2003 and December 2012. All athletes completed baseline medical and concussion questionnaires, and post-concussion data were collected for athletes with a documented concussion. RESULTS The study cohort consisted of 1056 athletes of mean±SD age 19.7±1.5 years, 89.3% male, 59.4% Caucasian, 35.0% African-American, 5.6% other race. The athletes participated in American football, soccer, basketball, softball, men's wrestling and club rugby. A total of 133 (12.1% prevalence) concussions occurred during an average surveillance of 3 years per athlete. We observed a significant positive association between IL-6R CC (p=0.001) and a negative association between APOE4 (p=0.03) and the risk of concussion. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between IL-6R CC and concussion (OR 3.48; 95% CI 1.58 to 7.65; p=0.002) and between the APOE4 allele and concussion (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.96; p=0.04), which persisted after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSIONS IL-6R CC was associated with a three times greater concussion risk and APOE4 with a 40% lower risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roland Terrell
- Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Sports Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.,Family Medicine and Sports Medicine Center, Covenant Medical Group, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ruth Abramson
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffery T Barth
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, Brain Injury and Sports Concussion Institute, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ellen Bennett
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Cantu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for the Study of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard Sloane
- Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel T Laskowitz
- Neurobiology and Anesthesiology, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA.,Neurology and Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David M Erlanger
- Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York, USA.,University Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Douglas McKeag
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Oregon Health Science Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gregory Nichols
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Verle Valentine
- Sanford Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Sanford Health Care, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Leslie Galloway
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.,Environmental Sciences Division, Toxicology and Risk Analysis, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
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28
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Di Pietro V, Lazzarino G, Amorini AM, Signoretti S, Hill LJ, Porto E, Tavazzi B, Lazzarino G, Belli A. Fusion or Fission: The Destiny of Mitochondria In Traumatic Brain Injury of Different Severities. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9189. [PMID: 28835707 PMCID: PMC5569027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics are regulated by a complex system of proteins representing the mitochondrial quality control (MQC). MQC balances antagonistic forces of fusion and fission determining mitochondrial and cell fates. In several neurological disorders, dysfunctional mitochondria show significant changes in gene and protein expression of the MQC and contribute to the pathophysiological mechanisms of cell damage. In this study, we evaluated the main gene and protein expression involved in the MQC in rats receiving traumatic brain injury (TBI) of different severities. At 6, 24, 48 and 120 hours after mild TBI (mTBI) or severe TBI (sTBI), gene and protein expressions of fusion and fission were measured in brain tissue homogenates. Compared to intact brain controls, results showed that genes and proteins inducing fusion or fission were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in mTBI, but downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in sTBI. In particular, OPA1, regulating inner membrane dynamics, cristae remodelling, oxidative phosphorylation, was post-translationally cleaved generating differential amounts of long and short OPA1 in mTBI and sTBI. Corroborated by data referring to citrate synthase, these results confirm the transitory (mTBI) or permanent (sTBI) mitochondrial dysfunction, enhancing MQC importance to maintain cell functions and indicating in OPA1 an attractive potential therapeutic target for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Pietro
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, B15 2TH, Birmingham, UK
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Amorini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Signoretti
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences Head and Neck Surgery, S. Camillo Hospital, Circonvallazione Gianicolense 87, 00152, Rome, Italy
| | - Lisa J Hill
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, B15 2TH, Birmingham, UK
| | - Edoardo Porto
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Barbara Tavazzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Lazzarino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonio Belli
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, B15 2TH, Birmingham, UK
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29
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Translating biomarkers from research to clinical use in pediatric neurocritical care: focus on traumatic brain injury and cardiac arrest. Curr Opin Pediatr 2017; 29:272-279. [PMID: 28319562 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and cardiac arrest are important causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Improved diagnosis and outcome prognostication using validated biomarkers could allow clinicians to better tailor therapies for optimal efficacy. RECENT FINDINGS Contemporary investigation has yielded plentiful biomarker candidates of central nervous system (CNS) injury, including macromolecules, genetic, inflammatory, oxidative, and metabolic biomarkers. Biomarkers have yet to be validated and translated into bedside point-of-care or cost-effective and efficient laboratory tests. Validation testing should consider developmental status, injury mechanism, and time trajectory with patient-centered outcomes. SUMMARY Recent investigation of biomarkers of CNS injury may soon improve diagnosis, management, and prognostication in children with traumatic brain injury and cardiac arrest.
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Kurowski BG, Treble-Barna A, Pitzer AJ, Wade SL, Martin LJ, Chima RS, Jegga A. Applying Systems Biology Methodology To Identify Genetic Factors Possibly Associated with Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:2280-2290. [PMID: 28301983 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is linked with a number of medical, neurological, cognitive, and behavioral sequelae. The influence of genetic factors on the biology and related recovery after TBI is poorly understood. Studies that seek to elucidate the impact of genetic influences on neurorecovery after TBI will lead to better individualization of prognosis and inform development of novel treatments, which are considerably lacking. Current genetic studies related to TBI have focused on specific candidate genes. The objectives of this study were to use a system biology-based approach to identify biologic processes over-represented with genetic variants previously implicated in clinical outcomes after TBI and identify unique genes potentially related to recovery after TBI. After performing a systematic review to identify genes in the literature associated with clinical outcomes, we used the genes identified to perform a systems biology-based integrative computational analysis to ascertain the interactions between molecular components and to develop models for regulation and function of genes involved in TBI recovery. The analysis identified over-representation of genetic variants primarily in two biologic processes: response to injury (cell proliferation, cell death, inflammatory response, and cellular metabolism) and neurocognitive and behavioral reserve (brain development, cognition, and behavior). Overall, this study demonstrates the use of a systems biology-based approach to identify unique/novel genes or sets of genes important to the recovery process. Findings from this systems biology-based approach provide additional insight into the potential impact of genetic variants on the underlying complex biological processes important to TBI recovery and may inform the development of empirical genetic-related studies for TBI. Future studies that combine systems biology methodology and genomic, proteomic, and epigenetic approaches are needed in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad G Kurowski
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Amery Treble-Barna
- 2 Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexis J Pitzer
- 3 Department of Psychology, Xavier University , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Shari L Wade
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa J Martin
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ranjit S Chima
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Anil Jegga
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio
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31
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Samuels DC, Kallianpur AR, Ellis RJ, Bush WS, Letendre S, Franklin D, Grant I, Hulgan T. European Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups are Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Inflammation in HIV Infection. Pathog Immun 2017; 1:330-351. [PMID: 28317034 PMCID: PMC5351881 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v1i2.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups are ancestry-related patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms that are associated with differential mitochondrial function in model systems, neurodegenerative diseases in HIV-negative populations, and chronic complications of HIV infection, including neurocognitive impairment. We hypothesized that mtDNA haplogroups are associated with neuroinflammation in HIV-infected adults. Methods: CNS HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Effects Research (CHARTER) is a US-based observational study of HIV-infected adults who underwent standardized neurocognitive assessments. Participants who consented to DNA collection underwent whole blood mtDNA sequencing, and a subset also underwent lumbar puncture. IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α (high-sensitivity), and IP-10 were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by immunoassay. Multivariable regression of mtDNA haplogroups and log-transformed CSF biomarkers were stratified by genetic ancestry using whole-genome nuclear DNA genotyping (European [EA], African [AA], or Hispanic ancestry [HA]), and adjusted for age, sex, antiretroviral therapy (ART), detectable CSF HIV RNA, and CD4 nadir. A total of 384 participants had both CSF cytokine measures and genetic data (45% EA, 44% AA, 11% HA, 22% female, median age 43 years, 74% on ART). Results: In analyses stratified by the 3 continental ancestry groups, no haplogroups were significantly associated with the 4 biomarkers. In the subgroup of participants with undetectable plasma HIV RNA on ART, European haplogroup H participants had significantly lower CSF TNF-α (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Lower CSF TNF-α may indicate lower neuroinflammation in the haplogroup H participants with well-controlled HIV on ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Samuels
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Asha R Kallianpur
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | | | | | - Igor Grant
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Todd Hulgan
- Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Wong VS, Langley B. Epigenetic changes following traumatic brain injury and their implications for outcome, recovery and therapy. Neurosci Lett 2016; 625:26-33. [PMID: 27155457 PMCID: PMC4915732 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to nearly a third of all injury-related deaths in the United States. For survivors of TBI, depending on severity, patients can be left with devastating neurological disabilities that include impaired cognition or memory, movement, sensation, or emotional function. Despite the efforts to identify novel therapeutics, the only strategy to combat TBI is risk reduction (helmets, seatbelts, removal of fall hazards, etc.). Enormous heterogeneity exists within TBI, and it depends on the severity, the location, and whether the injury was focal or diffuse. Evidence from recent studies support the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, chromatin post-translational modification, and miRNA regulation of gene expression in the post-injured brain. In this review, we discuss studies that have assessed epigenetic changes and mechanisms following TBI, how epigenetic changes might not only be limited to the nucleus but also impact the mitochondria, and the implications of these changes with regard to TBI recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor S Wong
- Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY 10605, United States
| | - Brett Langley
- Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY 10605, United States; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 E. 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, United States.
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Malarkey CS, Gustafson CE, Saifee JF, Torres RM, Churchill MEA, Janoff EN. Mechanism of Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A Attenuation of CpG-Induced Antibody Production. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157157. [PMID: 27280778 PMCID: PMC4900672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) had previously been shown to act as a damage associated molecular pattern with the ability to enhance CpG-A phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN)-mediated stimulation of IFNα production from human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Examination of the mechanism by which TFAM might influence CpG ODN mediated innate immune responses revealed that TFAM binds directly, tightly and selectively to the structurally related CpG-A, -B, and -C ODN. TFAM also modulated the ability of the CpG-B or -C to stimulate the production of antibodies from human B cells. TFAM showed a dose-dependent modulation of CpG-B, and -C -induced antibody production from human B cells in vitro, with enhancement of high dose and inhibition of low doses of CpG stimulation. This effect was linked to the ability of TFAM to directly inhibit the binding of CpG ODNs to B cells, in a manner consistent with the relative binding affinities of TFAM for the ODNs. These data suggest that TFAM alters the free concentration of the CpG available to stimulate B cells by sequestering this ODN in a TFAM-CpG complex. Thus, TFAM has the potential to decrease the pathogenic consequences of exposure to natural CpG-like hypomethylated DNA in vivo, as well as such as that found in traumatic injury, infection, autoimmune disease and during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Malarkey
- Department of Pharmacology and the Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States of America
| | - Claire E. Gustafson
- Mucosal and Vaccine Research Program Colorado (MAVRC), Department of Medicine and the Program in Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States of America, and Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, 80220, United States of America
| | - Jessica F. Saifee
- Department of Pharmacology and the Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States of America
| | - Raul M. Torres
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States of America
| | - Mair E. A. Churchill
- Department of Pharmacology and the Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Edward N. Janoff
- Mucosal and Vaccine Research Program Colorado (MAVRC), Department of Medicine and the Program in Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States of America, and Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, 80220, United States of America
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Thaker K, Chwa M, Atilano SR, Coskun P, Cáceres-Del-Carpio J, Udar N, Boyer DS, Jazwinski SM, Miceli MV, Nesburn AB, Kuppermann BD, Kenney MC. Increased expression of ApoE and protection from amyloid-beta toxicity in transmitochondrial cybrids with haplogroup K mtDNA. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 93:64-77. [PMID: 27109188 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial (mt) DNA haplogroups, defined by specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) patterns, represent populations of diverse geographic origins and have been associated with increased risk or protection of many diseases. The H haplogroup is the most common European haplogroup while the K haplogroup is highly associated with the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Transmitochondrial cybrids (cell lines with identical nuclei, but mtDNA from either H (n=8) or K (n=8) subjects) were analyzed by the Seahorse flux analyzer, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cybrids were treated with amyloid-β peptides and cell viabilities were measured. Other cybrids were demethylated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) and expression levels for APOE and NFkB2 were measured. Results show K cybrids have (a) significantly lower mtDNA copy numbers, (b) higher expression levels for MT-DNA encoded genes critical for oxidative phosphorylation, (c) lower Spare Respiratory Capacity, (d) increased expression of inhibitors of the complement pathway and important inflammasome-related genes; and (e) significantly higher levels of APOE transcription that were independent of methylation status. After exposure to amyloid-β1-42 peptides (active form), H haplogroup cybrids demonstrated decreased cell viability compared to those treated with amyloid-β42-1 (inactive form) (p<0.0001), while this was not observed in the K cybrids (p=0.2). K cybrids had significantly higher total global methylation levels and differences in expression levels for two acetylation genes and four methylation genes. Demethylation with 5-aza-dC altered expression levels for NFkB2, while APOE transcription patterns were unchanged. Our findings support the hypothesis that mtDNA-nuclear retrograde signaling may mediate expression levels of APOE, a key factor in many age-related diseases. Future studies will focus on identification of the mitochondrial-nuclear retrograde signaling mechanism(s) contributing to these mtDNA-mediated differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Thaker
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Marilyn Chwa
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Shari R Atilano
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Pinar Coskun
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | - Nitin Udar
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - David S Boyer
- Retina-Vitreous Associates Medical Group, Beverly Hills, CA, United States
| | - S Michal Jazwinski
- Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Michael V Miceli
- Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Anthony B Nesburn
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Baruch D Kuppermann
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
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Poniatowski ŁA, Wojdasiewicz P, Krawczyk M, Szukiewicz D, Gasik R, Kubaszewski Ł, Kurkowska-Jastrzębska I. Analysis of the Role of CX3CL1 (Fractalkine) and Its Receptor CX3CR1 in Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury: Insight into Recent Advances in Actions of Neurochemokine Agents. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2167-2188. [PMID: 26927660 PMCID: PMC5355526 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CX3CL1 (fractalkine) is the only member of the CX3C (delta) subfamily of chemokines which is unique and combines the properties of both chemoattractant and adhesion molecules. The two-form ligand can exist either in a soluble form, like all other chemokines, and as a membrane-anchored molecule. CX3CL1 discloses its biological properties through interaction with one dedicated CX3CR1 receptor which belongs to a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis acts in many physiological phenomena including those occurring in the central nervous system (CNS), by regulating the interactions between neurons, microglia, and immune cells. Apart from the role under physiological conditions, the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis was implied to have a role in different neuropathologies such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI). CNS injuries represent a serious public health problem, despite improvements in therapeutic management. To date, no effective treatment has been determined, so they constitute a leading cause of death and severe disability. The course of TBI and SCI has two consecutive poorly demarcated phases: the initial, primary injury and secondary injury. Recent evidence has implicated the role of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in neuroinflammatory processes occurring after CNS injuries. The importance of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in the pathophysiology of TBI and SCI in the context of systemic and direct local immune response is still under investigation. This paper, based on a review of the literature, updates and summarizes the current knowledge about CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis involvement in TBI and SCI pathogenesis, indicating possible molecular and cellular mechanisms with a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz A Poniatowski
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Wojdasiewicz
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Rheumaorthopaedics, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Neuroorthopaedics and Neurology, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Krawczyk
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Pediatric and Neurological Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Marymoncka 34, 00-968, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Gasik
- Department of Rheumaorthopaedics, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Neuroorthopaedics and Neurology, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kubaszewski
- Department of Neuroorthopaedics and Neurology, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Wiktor Dega Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Clinical Hospital, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 135/147, 61-545, Poznań, Poland
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Li L, Bao Y, He S, Wang G, Guan Y, Ma D, Wu R, Wang P, Huang X, Tao S, Liu Q, Wang Y, Yang J. The Association Between Apolipoprotein E and Functional Outcome After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2028. [PMID: 26579811 PMCID: PMC4652820 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability. Previous studies have investigated the association of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 with functional outcome after TBI and reported inconsistent results.The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic literature search and conduct meta-analyses to examine whether APOE ε4 is associated with poorer functional outcome in patients with TBI.We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, and HuGE.The eligibility criteria of this study included the following: Patients had TBI; the studies reported APOE genotype data or provided odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs); the functional outcome was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) or the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE); and patients were followed for at least 3 months after TBI.In all meta-analyses, we used random-effects models to calculate the odds ratio as a measure of association. We examined the association of APOE ε4 with functional outcome at different time points after TBI.A total of 12 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analyses. We did not find a significant association between APOE ε4 and functional outcome at 6 (P = 0.23), 12 (P = 0.44), and 24 months (P = 0.85) after TBI. However, APOE ε4 was associated with an increased risk of unfavorable long-term (≥6 months) functional outcome after TBI (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.07-1.74, P = 0.01).Limitations of this study include The sample size was limited; the initial severity of TBI varied within and across studies; we could not control for potential confounding factors, such as age at injury and sex; a meta-analysis of the genotype dosage effect was not feasible; and we could not examine the association with specific factors such as neurobehavioral or specific cognitive functions.Our meta-analysis indicates APOE ε4 is associated with the long-term functional outcome of patients with TBI. Future studies that control for confounding factors, with large sample sizes and more homogeneous initial TBI severity levels, are needed to validate the findings from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhuo Li
- From the Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan (LL); Emergency Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University (LL, SH, GW, QL); Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning (YB, YG, PW, XH, ST, YW); Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai (DM); Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (RW); Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (JY); and Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois (JY)
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Mathias JL, Wheaton P. Contribution of brain or biological reserve and cognitive or neural reserve to outcome after TBI: A meta-analysis (prior to 2015). Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 55:573-93. [PMID: 26054792 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Mathias
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Patricia Wheaton
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Xing G, Carlton J, Jiang X, Wen J, Jia M, Li H. Differential Expression of Brain Cannabinoid Receptors between Repeatedly Stressed Males and Females may Play a Role in Age and Gender-Related Difference in Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications from Animal Studies. Front Neurol 2014; 5:161. [PMID: 25221540 PMCID: PMC4147999 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inconsistent gender differences in the outcome of TBI have been reported. The mechanism is unknown. In a recent male animal study, repeated stress followed by TBI had synergistic effects on brain gene expression and caused greater behavioral deficits. Because females are more likely to develop anxiety after stress and because anxiety is mediated by cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) (CB1 and CB2), there is a need to compare CB1 and CB2 expression in stressed males and females. CB1 and CB2 mRNA expression was determined in the amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hypothalamus of adolescent male and female rats after 3 days of repeated tail-shock stress using qPCR. PFC CB1 and CB2 protein levels were determined using Western blot techniques. Both gender and stress had significant effects on brain CB1 mRNA expression levels. Overall, females showed significantly higher CB1 and CB2 mRNA levels in all brain regions than males (p < 0.01). Repeated stress reduced CB1 mRNA levels in the amygdala, hippocampus, and PFC (p < 0.01, each). A gender × stress interaction was found in CB1 mRNA level in the hippocampus (p < 0.05), hypothalamus (p < 0.01), and PFC (p < 0.01). Within-sex one-way ANOVA analysis showed decreased CB1 mRNA in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and PFC of stressed females (p < 0.01, each) but increased CB1 mRNA levels in the hypothalamus of stressed males (p < 01). There was a gender and stress interaction in prefrontal CB1 receptor protein levels (p < 0.05), which were decreased in stressed females only (p < 0.05). Prefrontal CB2 protein levels were decreased in both male and female animals after repeated stress (p < 0.05, each). High basal levels of CBR expression in young naïve females could protect against TBI damage whereas stress-induced CBR deficits could predict a poor outcome of TBI in repeatedly stressed females. Further animal studies could help evaluate this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Xing
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Janis Carlton
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Xiaolong Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Jillian Wen
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - He Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
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