1
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Bagheri H, Friedman H, Hadwen A, Jarweh C, Cooper E, Oprea L, Guerrier C, Khadra A, Collin A, Cohen-Adad J, Young A, Victoriano GM, Swire M, Jarjour A, Bechler ME, Pryce RS, Chaurand P, Cougnaud L, Vuckovic D, Wilion E, Greene O, Nishiyama A, Benmamar-Badel A, Owens T, Grouza V, Tuznik M, Liu H, Rudko DA, Zhang J, Siminovitch KA, Peterson AC. Myelin basic protein mRNA levels affect myelin sheath dimensions, architecture, plasticity, and density of resident glial cells. Glia 2024; 72:1893-1914. [PMID: 39023138 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) is essential for both elaboration and maintenance of CNS myelin, and its reduced accumulation results in hypomyelination. How different Mbp mRNA levels affect myelin dimensions across the lifespan and how resident glial cells may respond to such changes are unknown. Here, to investigate these questions, we used enhancer-edited mouse lines that accumulate Mbp mRNA levels ranging from 8% to 160% of wild type. In young mice, reduced Mbp mRNA levels resulted in corresponding decreases in Mbp protein accumulation and myelin sheath thickness, confirming the previously demonstrated rate-limiting role of Mbp transcription in the control of initial myelin synthesis. However, despite maintaining lower line specific Mbp mRNA levels into old age, both MBP protein levels and myelin thickness improved or fully normalized at rates defined by the relative Mbp mRNA level. Sheath length, in contrast, was affected only when mRNA levels were very low, demonstrating that sheath thickness and length are not equally coupled to Mbp mRNA level. Striking abnormalities in sheath structure also emerged with reduced mRNA levels. Unexpectedly, an increase in the density of all glial cell types arose in response to reduced Mbp mRNA levels. This investigation extends understanding of the role MBP plays in myelin sheath elaboration, architecture, and plasticity across the mouse lifespan and illuminates a novel axis of glial cell crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Bagheri
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hana Friedman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amanda Hadwen
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Celia Jarweh
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ellis Cooper
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lawrence Oprea
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Anmar Khadra
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Armand Collin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julien Cohen-Adad
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amanda Young
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Gerardo Mendez Victoriano
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Matthew Swire
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Jarjour
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Marie E Bechler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Rachel S Pryce
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Chaurand
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lise Cougnaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dajana Vuckovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elliott Wilion
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Owen Greene
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- The Connecticut Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anouk Benmamar-Badel
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Trevor Owens
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Grouza
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marius Tuznik
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hanwen Liu
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David A Rudko
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum and Toronto General Hospital Research Institutes, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine A Siminovitch
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum and Toronto General Hospital Research Institutes, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan C Peterson
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Liang X, Gong M, Wang Z, Wang J, Guo W, Cai A, Yang Z, Liu X, Xu F, Xiong W, Fu C, Wang X. LncRNA TubAR complexes with TUBB4A and TUBA1A to promote microtubule assembly and maintain myelination. Cell Discov 2024; 10:54. [PMID: 38769343 PMCID: PMC11106304 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A long-standing hypothesis proposes that certain RNA(s) must exhibit structural roles in microtubule assembly. Here, we identify a long noncoding RNA (TubAR) that is highly expressed in cerebellum and forms RNA-protein complex with TUBB4A and TUBA1A, two tubulins clinically linked to cerebellar and myelination defects. TubAR knockdown in mouse cerebellum causes loss of oligodendrocytes and Purkinje cells, demyelination, and decreased locomotor activity. Biochemically, we establish the roles of TubAR in promoting TUBB4A-TUBA1A heterodimer formation and microtubule assembly. Intriguingly, different from the hypomyelination-causing mutations, the non-hypomyelination-causing mutation TUBB4A-R2G confers gain-of-function for an RNA-independent interaction with TUBA1A. Experimental use of R2G/A mutations restores TUBB4A-TUBA1A heterodimer formation, and rescues the neuronal cell death phenotype caused by TubAR knockdown. Together, we uncover TubAR as the long-elusive structural RNA for microtubule assembly and demonstrate how TubAR mediates microtubule assembly specifically from αβ-tubulin heterodimers, which is crucial for maintenance of cerebellar myelination and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, School of Life Sciences/Division of Biomedical Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhikai Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, School of Life Sciences/Division of Biomedical Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, School of Life Sciences/Division of Biomedical Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Aoling Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenye Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, School of Life Sciences/Division of Biomedical Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, School of Life Sciences/Division of Biomedical Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, School of Life Sciences/Division of Biomedical Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chuanhai Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, School of Life Sciences/Division of Biomedical Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Xiangting Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale & University of Science and Technology of China, School of Life Sciences/Division of Biomedical Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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3
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Eguibar JR, Cortes C, Hernandez VH, Lopez-Juarez A, Piazza V, Carmona D, Kleinert-Altamirano A, Morales-Campos B, Salceda E, Roncagliolo M. 4-aminopyridine improves evoked potentials and ambulation in the taiep rat: A model of hypomyelination with atrophy of basal ganglia and cerebellum. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298208. [PMID: 38427650 PMCID: PMC10906851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The taiep rat is a tubulin mutant with an early hypomyelination followed by progressive demyelination of the central nervous system due to a point mutation in the Tubb4a gene. It shows clinical, radiological, and pathological signs like those of the human leukodystrophy hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC). Taiep rats had tremor, ataxia, immobility episodes, epilepsy, and paralysis; the acronym of these signs given the name to this autosomal recessive trait. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in adult taiep rats and in a patient suffering from H-ABC. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on sensory responses and locomotion and finally, we compared myelin loss in the spinal cord of adult taiep and wild type (WT) rats using immunostaining. Our results showed delayed SSEPs in the upper and the absence of them in the lower extremities in a human patient. In taiep rats SSEPs had a delayed second negative evoked responses and were more susceptible to delayed responses with iterative stimulation with respect to WT. MEPs were produced by bipolar stimulation of the primary motor cortex generating a direct wave in WT rats followed by several indirect waves, but taiep rats had fused MEPs. Importantly, taiep SSEPs improved after systemic administration of 4-AP, a potassium channel blocker, and this drug induced an increase in the horizontal displacement measured in a novelty-induced locomotor test. In taiep subjects have a significant decrease in the immunostaining of myelin in the anterior and ventral funiculi of the lumbar spinal cord with respect to WT rats. In conclusion, evoked potentials are useful to evaluate myelin alterations in a leukodystrophy, which improved after systemic administration of 4-AP. Our results have a translational value because our findings have implications in future medical trials for H-ABC patients or with other leukodystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R. Eguibar
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología de la Conducta y Control Motor, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, México
- Dirección General de Desarrollo Internacional, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, México
| | - Carmen Cortes
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología de la Conducta y Control Motor, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, México
| | - Victor H. Hernandez
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, Gto, México
| | - Alejandra Lopez-Juarez
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, Gto, México
| | - Valeria Piazza
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.C., León, Gto, México
| | - Diego Carmona
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, Gto, México
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.C., León, Gto, México
| | | | - Blanca Morales-Campos
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, Pue, México
| | - Emilio Salceda
- Revista Elementos, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, México
| | - Manuel Roncagliolo
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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4
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Muñoz de la Torre LP, Trujillo Hernández A, Eguibar JR, Cortés C, Morales-Ledesma L. Characterization of sperm motility and testosterone secretion in the taiep myelin mutant, a model of demyelination. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20220102. [PMID: 38026000 PMCID: PMC10681128 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2022-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, demyelinating diseases have been reported to affect the reproductive life of patients who suffer from them, but the progression of the alterations is unknown, especially in men. To better understand these effects, it is necessary to perform studies in animal models, such as the male taiep rat, which exhibits progressive demyelination of the central nervous system, altered kisspeptin expression at the hypothalamic level, and decreased luteinizing hormone, which could alter sperm quality and testicular diameter. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze the diameter of the seminiferous tubules, the sperm motility, and the testosterone levels of 90-day-old male taiep rats. The obtained results indicate that male taiep rats show an increase in testicular size accompanied by an increase in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules of the left testicle. There was also a decrease in progressive motility in sperm samples from the left epididymis of male taiep rats compared to the control group, with no changes in serum testosterone concentration. Therefore, we conclude that male taiep rats with central demyelination show altered testicular diameter and decreased motility in sperm from the left side. This type of studies serves as a basis for proposing possible reproductive strategies to improve the fertility and testicular function of men with demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Patricia Muñoz de la Torre
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Reproductiva, Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - José Ramón Eguibar
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Carmen Cortés
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Leticia Morales-Ledesma
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Reproductiva, Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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5
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Torii T, Yamauchi J. Molecular Pathogenic Mechanisms of Hypomyelinating Leukodystrophies (HLDs). Neurol Int 2023; 15:1155-1173. [PMID: 37755363 PMCID: PMC10538087 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies (HLDs) represent a group of congenital rare diseases for which the responsible genes have been identified in recent studies. In this review, we briefly describe the genetic/molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of HLD and the normal cellular functions of the related genes and proteins. An increasing number of studies have reported genetic mutations that cause protein misfolding, protein dysfunction, and/or mislocalization associated with HLD. Insight into the mechanisms of these pathways can provide new findings for the clinical treatments of HLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Torii
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe-shi 610-0394, Japan
- Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe-shi 610-0394, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku 157-8535, Japan
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6
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Gavazzi F, Patel V, Charsar B, Glanzman A, Erler J, Sevagamoorthy A, McKenzie E, Kornafel T, Ballance E, Pierce SR, Teng M, Formanowski B, Woidill S, Shults J, Wassmer E, Tonduti D, Magrinelli F, Bernard G, Van Der Knaap M, Wolf N, Adang L, Vanderver A. Gross Motor Function in Pediatric Onset TUBB4A-Related Leukodystrophy: GMFM-88 Performance and Validation of GMFC-MLD in TUBB4A. J Child Neurol 2023; 38:498-504. [PMID: 37461315 PMCID: PMC10527384 DOI: 10.1177/08830738231188159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
TUBB4A pathogenic variants are associated with a spectrum of neurologic impairments including movement disorders and leukodystrophy. With the development of targeted therapies, there is an urgent unmet need for validated tools to measure mobility impairment. Our aim is to explore gross motor function in a pediatric-onset TUBB4A-related leukodystrophy cohort with existing gross motor outcome tools. Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88), Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS-ER), and Gross Motor Function Classification-Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (GMFC-MLD) were selected through face validity. Subjects with a confirmed clinical and molecular diagnosis of TUBB4A-related leukodystrophy were enrolled. Participants' sex, age, genotype, and age at disease onset were collected, together with GMFM-88 and concurrent GMFCS-ER and GMFC-MLD. Performances on each measure were compared. GMFM-88 floor effect was defined as total score below 20%. A total of 35 subjects participated. Median performance by GMFM-88 was 16.24% (range 0-97.31), with 42.9% (n = 15) of individuals performing above the floor. GMFM-88 Dimension A (Lying and Rolling) was the best-performing dimension in the GMFM-88 (n = 29 above the floor). All levels of the Classification Scales were represented, with the exception of the GMFC-MLD level 0. Evaluation by GMFM-88 was strongly correlated with the Classification Scales (Spearman correlations: GMFCS-ER:GMFM-88 r = 0.90; GMFC-MLD:GMFM-88 r = 0.88; GMFCS-ER:GMFC-MLD: r = 0.92). Despite overall observation of a floor effect, the GMFM-88 is able to accurately capture the performance of individuals with attenuated phenotypes. GMFM-88 Dimension A shows no floor effect. GMFC-MLD shows a strong correlation with GMFCS-ER and GMFM-88, supporting its use as an age-independent functional score in TUBB4A-related leukodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gavazzi
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virali Patel
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brittany Charsar
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allan Glanzman
- Department of Physical Therapy, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Erler
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anjana Sevagamoorthy
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma McKenzie
- Department of Physical Therapy, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tracy Kornafel
- Department of Physical Therapy, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ballance
- Department of Physical Therapy, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samuel R. Pierce
- Department of Physical Therapy, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle Teng
- Synaptixbio Ltd, Fermi Avenue, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX
| | - Brielle Formanowski
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarah Woidill
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justine Shults
- Synaptixbio Ltd, Fermi Avenue, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX
| | - Evangeline Wassmer
- Neurology Department, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Tonduti
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology, C.O.A.L.A (Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies), V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, L. Sacco University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Magrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marjo Van Der Knaap
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Wolf
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Adang
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Coyoy-Salgado A, Orozco-Barrios C, Sánchez-Torres S, Olayo MG, Cruz GJ, Morales-Corona J, Olayo R, Diaz-Ruiz A, Ríos C, Alvarez-Mejia L, Mondragón-Lozano R, Morales-Guadarrama A, Alonso-García AL, Fabela-Sánchez O, Salgado-Ceballos H. Gene expression and locomotor recovery in adult rats with spinal cord injury and plasma-synthesized polypyrrole/iodine application combined with a mixed rehabilitation scheme. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1124245. [PMID: 37288064 PMCID: PMC10243140 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1124245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause paralysis, for which effective therapeutic strategies have not been developed yet. The only accepted strategy for patients is rehabilitation (RB), although this does not allow complete recovery of lost functions, which makes it necessary to combine it with strategies such as plasma-synthesized polypyrrole/iodine (PPy/I), a biopolymer with different physicochemical properties than PPy synthesized by conventional methods. After SCI in rats, PPy/I promotes functional recovery. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to increase the beneficial effects of both strategies and identify which genes activate PPy/I when applied alone or in combination with a mixed scheme of RB by swimming and enriched environment (SW/EE) in rats with SCI. Methods Microarray analysis was performed to identify mechanisms of action underlying the effects of PPy/I and PPy/I+SW/EE on motor function recovery as evaluated by the BBB scale. Results Results showed robust upregulation by PPy/I in genes related to the developmental process, biogenesis, synapse, and synaptic vesicle trafficking. In addition, PPy/I+SW/EE increased the expression of genes related to proliferation, biogenesis, cell development, morphogenesis, cell differentiation, neurogenesis, neuron development, and synapse formation processes. Immunofluorescence analysis showed the expression of β-III tubulin in all groups, a decreased expression of caspase-3 in the PPy/I group and GFAP in the PPy/I+SW/EE group (p < 0.05). Better preservation of nerve tissue was observed in PPy/I and PPy/SW/EE groups (p < 0.05). In the BBB scale, the control group scored 1.72 ± 0.41, animals with PPy/I treatment scored 4.23 ± 0.33, and those with PPy/I+SW/EE scored 9.13 ± 0.43 1 month after follow-up. Conclusion Thus, PPy/I+SW/EE could represent a therapeutic alternative for motor function recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Coyoy-Salgado
- Researchers for Mexico CONACyT-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Medical Research Unit in Neurological Diseases, Specialty Hospital, National Medical Center Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
- Research Center of the Proyecto CAMINA A.C., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Orozco-Barrios
- Researchers for Mexico CONACyT-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Medical Research Unit in Neurological Diseases, Specialty Hospital, National Medical Center Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
- Research Center of the Proyecto CAMINA A.C., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stephanie Sánchez-Torres
- Research Center of the Proyecto CAMINA A.C., Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Medical Research Unit in Neurological Diseases, Specialty Hospital, National Medical Center Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Olayo
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Department of Physics, Axapusco, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Jesus Cruz
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Department of Physics, Axapusco, Mexico
| | - Juan Morales-Corona
- Department of Physics, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Olayo
- Department of Physics, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Diaz-Ruiz
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez S.S.A., Department of Neurochemistry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Camilo Ríos
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez S.S.A., Department of Neurochemistry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Alvarez-Mejia
- Research Center of the Proyecto CAMINA A.C., Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Medical Research Unit in Neurological Diseases, Specialty Hospital, National Medical Center Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Mondragón-Lozano
- Researchers for Mexico CONACyT-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Medical Research Unit in Neurological Diseases, Specialty Hospital, National Medical Center Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
- Research Center of the Proyecto CAMINA A.C., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Axayacatl Morales-Guadarrama
- Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
- National Center for Research in Imaging and Medical Instrumentation, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Omar Fabela-Sánchez
- Researchers for Mexico CONACyT-Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Department of Chemistry Macromolecules and Nanomaterials, Saltillo, Mexico
| | - Hermelinda Salgado-Ceballos
- Research Center of the Proyecto CAMINA A.C., Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Medical Research Unit in Neurological Diseases, Specialty Hospital, National Medical Center Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
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8
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Drake SS, Zaman A, Simas T, Fournier AE. Comparing RNA-sequencing datasets from astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in multiple sclerosis identifies novel dysregulated genes relevant to inflammation and myelination. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1594. [PMID: 36600404 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) inflammation is a key factor in multiple sclerosis (MS). Invasion of peripheral immune cells into the CNS resulting from an unknown signal or combination of signals results in activation of resident immune cells and the hallmark feature of the disease: demyelinating lesions. These lesion sites are an amalgam of reactive peripheral and central immune cells, astrocytes, damaged and dying oligodendrocytes, and injured neurons and axons. Sustained inflammation affects cells directly located within the lesion site and further abnormalities are apparent diffusely throughout normal-appearing white matter and grey matter. It is only relatively recently, using animal models, new tissue sampling techniques, and next-generation sequencing, that molecular changes occurring in CNS resident cells have been broadly captured. Advances in cell isolation through Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and laser-capture microdissection together with the emergence of single-cell sequencing have enabled researchers to investigate changes in gene expression in astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes derived from animal models of MS as well as from primary patient tissue. The contribution of some dysregulated pathways has been followed up in individual studies; however, corroborating results often go unreported between sequencing studies. To this end, we have consolidated results from numerous RNA-sequencing studies to identify and review novel patterns of differentially regulated genes and pathways occurring within CNS glial cells in MS. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sienna S Drake
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aliyah Zaman
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tristan Simas
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alyson E Fournier
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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9
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Bukhari-Parlakturk N, Frucht SJ. Isolated and combined dystonias: Update. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 196:425-442. [PMID: 37620082 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98817-9.00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Dystonia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder with a unique motor phenomenology that can manifest as an isolated clinical syndrome or combined with other neurological features. This chapter reviews the characteristic features of dystonia phenomenology and the syndromic approach to evaluating the disorders that may allow us to differentiate the isolated and combined syndromes. We also present the most common types of isolated and combined dystonia syndromes. Since accelerated gene discoveries have increased our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of dystonia pathogenesis, we also present isolated and combined dystonia syndromes by shared biological pathways. Examples of these converging mechanisms of the isolated and combined dystonia syndromes include (1) disruption of the integrated response pathway through eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha signaling, (2) disease of dopaminergic signaling, (3) alterations in the cerebello-thalamic pathway, and (4) disease of protein mislocalization and stability. The discoveries that isolated and combined dystonia syndromes converge in shared biological pathways will aid in the development of clinical trials and therapeutic strategies targeting these convergent molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Bukhari-Parlakturk
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Division, Duke University (NBP), Durham, NC, United States.
| | - Steven J Frucht
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine (SJF), New York, NY, United States
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10
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H-ABC tubulinopathy revealed by label-free second harmonic generation microscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14417. [PMID: 36002546 PMCID: PMC9402540 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum is a recently described tubulinopathy caused by a mutation in the tubulin beta 4a isoform, expressed in oligodendrocytes. The taiep rat is the only spontaneous tubulin beta 4a mutant available for the study of this pathology. We aimed to identify the effects of the tubulin mutation on freshly collected, unstained samples of the central white matter of taiep rats using second harmonic generation microscopy. Cytoskeletal differences between the central white matter of taiep rats and control animals were found. Nonlinear emissions from the processes and somata of oligodendrocytes in tubulin beta 4a mutant rats were consistently detected, in the shape of elongated structures and cell-like bodies, which were never detected in the controls. This signal represents the second harmonic trademark of the disease. The tissue was also fluorescently labeled and analyzed to corroborate the origin of the nonlinear signal. Besides enabling the description of structural and molecular aspects of H-ABC, our data open the door to the diagnostic use of nonlinear optics in the study of neurodegenerative diseases, with the additional advantage of a label-free approach that preserves tissue morphology and vitality.
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11
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Sex-specific hypothalamic expression of kisspeptin, gonadotropin releasing hormone, and kisspeptin receptor in progressive demyelination model. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 123:102120. [PMID: 35718292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, decrease the quality of life of patients and can affect reproduction. Assisted reproductive therapies are available, which although effective, aggravate motor symptoms. For this reason, it is important to determine how the control of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis is affected in order to develop better strategies for these patients. One way to determine this is using animal models such as the taiep rat, which shows progressive demyelination of the central nervous system, and was used in the present study to characterize the expression of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), Kisspeptin, and kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1R) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. The expression of kisspeptin, GnRH, and Kiss1R was determined at the hypothalamic level by immunofluorescence and serum LH levels were determined by ELISA. The expression of kisspeptin at the hypothalamic level showed sexual dimorphism, where there was an increase in males and a decrease in females during oestrus. There was no change in the expression of GnRH or kisspeptin receptor, regardless of sex. However, a decrease in serum LH concentration was observed in both sexes. The taiep rat showed changes in the expression of kisspeptin at the hypothalamic level. These changes are different from those reported in the literature with the use of animals with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, this is because both animal models represent different degrees of progression of multiple sclerosis. Our results suggest that the effects on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis depend on the differences between the demyelinating processes, their progression, and even individual factors, and it is thus important that fertility treatments are individualized to maximize therapeutic effects.
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12
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Xiao H, He H, Wu T, Ni X, Liu F, Yin F, Peng J. Functional Investigation of TUBB4A Variants Associated with Different Clinical Phenotypes. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5056-5069. [PMID: 35668344 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02900-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dominant TUBB4A variants result in different phenotypes, including hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC), dystonia type 4 (DYT4), and isolated hypomyelination. Here, we report four new patients with a novel TUBB4A variant (p.K324T) and three new patients with previously reported variants (p.Q292K, p.V255I, p.E410K). The individual carrying the novel p.K324T variant exhibits epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS), while the other three have isolated hypomyelination phenotype. We also present a study of the cellular effects of TUBB4A variants responsible for H-ABC (p.D249N), DYT4 (p.R2G), a severe combined phenotype with combination of hypomyelination and EIMFS (p.K324T), and isolated hypomyelination (p.Q292K and p.E410K) on microtubule stability and dynamics, neurite outgrowth, dendritic spine development, and kinesin binding. Cellular-based assays reveal that all variants except p.R2G increase microtubule stability, decrease microtubule polymerization rates, reduce axonal outgrowth, and alter the density and shape of dendritic spines. We also find that the p.K324T and p.E410K variants perturb the binding of TUBB4A to KIF1A, a neuron-specific kinesin required for transport of synaptic vesicle precursors. Taken together, our data suggest that impaired microtubule stability and dynamics, defected axonal growth, and dendritic spine development form the common molecular basis of TUBB4A-related leukodystrophy. Impairment of TUBB4A binding to KIF1A is more likely to be involved in the isolated hypomyelination phenotype, which suggests that alterations in kinesin binding may cause different phenotypes. In conclusion, our study extends the spectrum of TUBB4A mutations and related phenotypes and provides insight into why different TUBB4A variants cause distinct clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Hailan He
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Tenghui Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Fangyun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, 410005, China.
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13
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Hashiguchi M, Monden Y, Nozaki Y, Watanabe K, Nakashima M, Saitsu H, Yamagata T, Osaka H. A TUBB4A Met363Thr variant in pediatric hypomyelination without atrophy of the basal ganglia. Hum Genome Var 2022; 9:19. [PMID: 35661708 PMCID: PMC9166743 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-022-00198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
TUBB4A gene variants cause dystonia type 4 and hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum. We report the case of a child with delayed motor development, intellectual disability, and dystonia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed hypomyelination and progressive cerebellar atrophy without atrophy of the basal ganglia. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a de novo heterozygous variant, c.1088T > C, p.(Met363Thr), in TUBB4A. The present case further supports the vulnerability of the cerebellum in patients with TUBB4A pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Hashiguchi
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yukifumi Monden
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nozaki
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan ,Department of Pediatrics, Shin-Oyama City Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Watanabe
- grid.505613.40000 0000 8937 6696Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- grid.505613.40000 0000 8937 6696Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- grid.505613.40000 0000 8937 6696Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Yamagata
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Krajka V, Vulinovic F, Genova M, Tanzer K, Jijumon AS, Bodakuntla S, Tennstedt S, Mueller-Fielitz H, Meier B, Janke C, Klein C, Rakovic A. H-ABC- and dystonia-causing TUBB4A mutations show distinct pathogenic effects. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj9229. [PMID: 35275727 PMCID: PMC8916731 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the brain-specific β-tubulin 4A (TUBB4A) gene cause a broad spectrum of diseases, ranging from dystonia (DYT-TUBB4A) to hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC). Currently, the mechanisms of how TUBB4A variants lead to this pleiotropic manifestation remain elusive. Here, we investigated whether TUBB4A mutations causing either DYT-TUBB4A (p.R2G and p.Q424H) or H-ABC (p.R2W and p.D249N) exhibit differential effects at the molecular and cellular levels. Using live-cell imaging of disease-relevant oligodendrocytes and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy of whole-cell lysates, we observed divergent impact on microtubule polymerization and microtubule integration, partially reflecting the observed pleiotropy. Moreover, in silico simulations demonstrated that the mutants rarely adopted a straight heterodimer conformation in contrast to wild type. In conclusion, for most of the examined variants, we deciphered potential molecular disease mechanisms that may lead to the diverse clinical manifestations and phenotype severity across and within each TUBB4A-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Krajka
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Microtechnology (IMT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38124, Germany
| | - Franca Vulinovic
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mariya Genova
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, 91401 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Kerstin Tanzer
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - A. S. Jijumon
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, 91401 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Satish Bodakuntla
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, 91401 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Stephanie Tennstedt
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- University Heart Center Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Helge Mueller-Fielitz
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Britta Meier
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, 91401 Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Rakovic
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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15
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Fertuzinhos S, Legué E, Li D, Liem KF. A dominant tubulin mutation causes cerebellar neurodegeneration in a genetic model of tubulinopathy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabf7262. [PMID: 35171680 PMCID: PMC8849301 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf7262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in tubulins cause distinct neurodevelopmental and degenerative diseases termed "tubulinopathies"; however, little is known about the functional requirements of tubulins or how mutations cause cell-specific pathologies. Here, we identify a mutation in the gene Tubb4a that causes degeneration of cerebellar granule neurons and myelination defects. We show that the neural phenotypes result from a cell type-specific enrichment of a dominant mutant form of Tubb4a relative to the expression other β-tubulin isotypes. Loss of Tubb4a function does not underlie cellular pathology but is compensated by the transcriptional up-regulation of related tubulin genes in a cell type-specific manner. This work establishes that the expression of a primary tubulin mutation in mature neurons is sufficient to promote cell-autonomous cell death, consistent with a causative association of microtubule dysfunction with neurodegenerative diseases. These studies provide evidence that mutations in tubulins cause specific phenotypes based on expression ratios of tubulin isotype genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Fertuzinhos
- Vertebrate Developmental Biology Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Emilie Legué
- Vertebrate Developmental Biology Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Davis Li
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Karel F. Liem
- Vertebrate Developmental Biology Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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16
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Fellner A, Goldberg Y, Lev D, Basel-Salmon L, Shor O, Benninger F. In-silico phenotype prediction by normal mode variant analysis in TUBB4A-related disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:58. [PMID: 34997144 PMCID: PMC8741991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
TUBB4A-associated disorder is a rare condition affecting the central nervous system. It displays a wide phenotypic spectrum, ranging from isolated late-onset torsion dystonia to a severe early-onset disease with developmental delay, neurological deficits, and atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum, therefore complicating variant interpretation and phenotype prediction in patients carrying TUBB4A variants. We applied entropy-based normal mode analysis (NMA) to investigate genotype–phenotype correlations in TUBB4A-releated disease and to develop an in-silico approach to assist in variant interpretation and phenotype prediction in this disorder. Variants included in our analysis were those reported prior to the conclusion of data collection for this study in October 2019. All TUBB4A pathogenic missense variants reported in ClinVar and Pubmed, for which associated clinical information was available, and all benign/likely benign TUBB4A missense variants reported in ClinVar, were included in the analysis. Pathogenic variants were divided into five phenotypic subgroups. In-silico point mutagenesis in the wild-type modeled protein structure was performed for each variant. Wild-type and mutated structures were analyzed by coarse-grained NMA to quantify protein stability as entropy difference value (ΔG) for each variant. Pairwise ΔG differences between all variant pairs in each structural cluster were calculated and clustered into dendrograms. Our search yielded 41 TUBB4A pathogenic variants in 126 patients, divided into 11 partially overlapping structural clusters across the TUBB4A protein. ΔG-based cluster analysis of the NMA results revealed a continuum of genotype–phenotype correlation across each structural cluster, as well as in transition areas of partially overlapping structural clusters. Benign/likely benign variants were integrated into the genotype–phenotype continuum as expected and were clearly separated from pathogenic variants. We conclude that our results support the incorporation of the NMA-based approach used in this study in the interpretation of variant pathogenicity and phenotype prediction in TUBB4A-related disease. Moreover, our results suggest that NMA may be of value in variant interpretation in additional monogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Fellner
- Raphael Recanati Genetics Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 49100, Petah Tikva, Israel. .,Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 49100, Petah Tikva, Israel.
| | - Yael Goldberg
- Raphael Recanati Genetics Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 49100, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dorit Lev
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Metabolic-Neurogenetic Clinic, Wolfson Medical Center, 58220, Holon, Israel.,Rina Mor Institute of Medical Genetics, Wolfson Medical Center, 58220, Holon, Israel
| | - Lina Basel-Salmon
- Raphael Recanati Genetics Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 49100, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, 49100, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Oded Shor
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 49100, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, 49100, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Felix Benninger
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 49100, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, 49100, Petah Tikva, Israel
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17
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Ki SM, Jeong HS, Lee JE. Primary Cilia in Glial Cells: An Oasis in the Journey to Overcoming Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:736888. [PMID: 34658775 PMCID: PMC8514955 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.736888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases have been associated with defects in primary cilia, which are cellular organelles involved in diverse cellular processes and homeostasis. Several types of glial cells in both the central and peripheral nervous systems not only support the development and function of neurons but also play significant roles in the mechanisms of neurological disease. Nevertheless, most studies have focused on investigating the role of primary cilia in neurons. Accordingly, the interest of recent studies has expanded to elucidate the role of primary cilia in glial cells. Correspondingly, several reports have added to the growing evidence that most glial cells have primary cilia and that impairment of cilia leads to neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we aimed to understand the regulatory mechanisms of cilia formation and the disease-related functions of cilia, which are common or specific to each glial cell. Moreover, we have paid close attention to the signal transduction and pathological mechanisms mediated by glia cilia in representative neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we expect that this field of research will clarify the mechanisms involved in the formation and function of glial cilia to provide novel insights and ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Mi Ki
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hui Su Jeong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Gavazzi F, Charsar BA, Williams C, Shults J, Alves CA, Adang L, Vanderver A. Acquisition of Developmental Milestones in Hypomyelination With Atrophy of the Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum and Other TUBB4A-Related Leukoencephalopathy. J Child Neurol 2021; 36:805-811. [PMID: 34514881 PMCID: PMC8505576 DOI: 10.1177/08830738211000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in TUBB4A are associated with a spectrum of neurologic disorders categorized as TUBB4A-related leukoencephalopathy. Affected children can present with global developmental delay or normal early development, followed by a variable loss of skills over time. Further research is needed to characterize the factors associated with the divergent developmental trajectories in this rare monogenic disorder because this phenotypic spectrum is not fully explained by genotype alone.To characterize early psychomotor features, developmental milestones and age of disease onset were collected from medical records (n=54 individuals). Three subcohorts were identified: individuals with the common p.Asp249Asn variant vs all other genotypes with either early (<12 months of age) or late onset of presentation. Individuals with the p.Asp249Asn variant or those with non-p.Asp249Asn genotypes with later disease onset attained key milestones, including head control, sitting, and independent walking. Subjects with early-onset, non-p.Asp249Asn-associated disease were less likely to achieve developmental milestones. Next, we defined the developmental severity as the percentage of milestones attained by age 2 years. The mild form was defined as attaining at least 75% of key developmental milestones. Among cohort categorized as mild, individuals with p.Asp249Asn variant were more likely to lose acquired abilities when compared with non-p.Asp249Asn individuals.Our results suggest multiple influences on developmental trajectory, including a strong contribution from genotype and age of onset. Further studies are needed to identify additional factors that influence overall outcomes to better counsel families and to design clinical trials with appropriate clinical endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gavazzi
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Catherine Williams
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justine Shults
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Cesar A. Alves
- Division of Neuroradiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Laura Adang
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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19
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Alata M, González-Vega A, Piazza V, Kleinert-Altamirano A, Cortes C, Ahumada-Juárez JC, Eguibar JR, López-Juárez A, Hernandez VH. Longitudinal Evaluation of Cerebellar Signs of H-ABC Tubulinopathy in a Patient and in the taiep Model. Front Neurol 2021; 12:702039. [PMID: 34335454 PMCID: PMC8317997 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.702039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC) is a central neurodegenerative disease due to mutations in the tubulin beta-4A (TUBB4A) gene, characterized by motor development delay, abnormal movements, ataxia, spasticity, dysarthria, and cognitive deficits. Diagnosis is made by integrating clinical data and radiological signs. Differences in MRIs have been reported in patients that carry the same mutation; however, a quantitative study has not been performed so far. Our study aimed to provide a longitudinal analysis of the changes in the cerebellum (Cb), corpus callosum (CC), ventricular system, and striatum in a patient suffering from H-ABC and in the taiep rat. We correlated the MRI signs of the patient with the results of immunofluorescence, gait analysis, segmentation of cerebellum, CC, and ventricular system, performed in the taiep rat. We found that cerebellar and callosal changes, suggesting a potential hypomyelination, worsened with age, in concomitance with the emergence of ataxic gait. We also observed a progressive lateral ventriculomegaly in both patient and taiep, possibly secondary to the atrophy of the white matter. These white matter changes are progressive and can be involved in the clinical deterioration. Hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC) gives rise to a spectrum of clinical signs whose pathophysiology still needs to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arturo González-Vega
- Department of Chemical, Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Division of Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | | | - Carmen Cortes
- Behavioral Neurophysiology Lab, Institute of Physiology, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Juan C Ahumada-Juárez
- Behavioral Neurophysiology Lab, Institute of Physiology, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jose R Eguibar
- Behavioral Neurophysiology Lab, Institute of Physiology, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.,Research Office, Vicerrectory of Research and Postgraduate Studies, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alejandra López-Juárez
- Department of Chemical, Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Division of Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Victor H Hernandez
- Department of Chemical, Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Division of Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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20
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Vargas-Castro V, Gomez-Diaz R, Blanco-Alvarez VM, Tomas-Sanchez C, Gonzalez-Vazquez A, Aguilar-Peralta AK, Gonzalez-Barrios JA, Martinez-Fong D, Eguibar JR, Vivar C, Ugarte A, Soto-Rodriguez G, Brambila E, Millán-Perez-Peña L, Leon-Chavez BA. Long-term taurine administration improves motor skills in a tubulinopathy rat model by decreasing oxidative stress and promoting myelination. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 115:103643. [PMID: 34186187 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The taiep rat undergoes hypomyelination and progressive demyelination caused by an abnormal microtubule accumulation in oligodendrocytes, which elicits neuroinflammation and motor behavior dysfunction. Based on taurine antioxidant and proliferative actions, this work explored whether its sustained administration from the embryonic age to adulthood could prevent neuroinflammation, stimulate cell proliferation, promote myelination, and relieve motor impairment. Taurine (50 mg/L of drinking water = 50 ppm) was given to taiep pregnant rats on gestational day 15 and afterward to the male offspring until eight months of age. We measured the levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA), CXCL1, CXCR2 receptor, growth factors (BNDF and FGF2), cell proliferation, and myelin content over time. Integral motor behavior was also evaluated. Our results showed that taurine administration significantly decreased NO and MDA + 4-HDA levels, increased cell proliferation, and promoted myelination in an age- and brain region-dependent fashion compared with untreated taiep rats. Taurine effect on chemokines and growth factors was also variable. Taurine improved vestibular reflexes and limb muscular strength in perinatal rats and fine movements and immobility episodes in adult rats. These results show that chronic taurine administration partially alleviates the taiep neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viridiana Vargas-Castro
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue. C. P. 72570, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Gomez-Diaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue. C. P. 72570, Mexico
| | - Victor M Blanco-Alvarez
- Facultad de Enfermería, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue. C. P. 72304, Mexico
| | - Constantino Tomas-Sanchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue. C. P. 72570, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Vazquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue. C. P. 72570, Mexico
| | - Ana Karina Aguilar-Peralta
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue. C. P. 72570, Mexico
| | - Juan A Gonzalez-Barrios
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional 1° de Octubre, ISSSTE, Mexico City C. P. 07760, Mexico
| | - Daniel Martinez-Fong
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado Postal 14-740, C. P. 07000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose R Eguibar
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue. C. P. 72590, Mexico
| | - Carmen Vivar
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado Postal 14-740, C. P. 07000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Ugarte
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue. C. P. 72590, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Soto-Rodriguez
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue. C. P. 72304, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Brambila
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue. C. P. 72570, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Millán-Perez-Peña
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue. C. P. 72570, Mexico
| | - Bertha Alicia Leon-Chavez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue. C. P. 72570, Mexico.
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21
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Sap KA, Guler AT, Bury A, Dekkers D, Demmers JAA, Reits EA. Identification of Full-Length Wild-Type and Mutant Huntingtin Interacting Proteins by Crosslinking Immunoprecipitation in Mice Brain Cortex. J Huntingtons Dis 2021; 10:335-347. [PMID: 34151850 PMCID: PMC8609692 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-210476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Huntington’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG expansion in the huntingtin gene, resulting in a polyglutamine expansion in the ubiquitously expressed mutant huntingtin protein. Objective: Here we set out to identify proteins interacting with the full-length wild-type and mutant huntingtin protein in the mice cortex brain region to understand affected biological processes in Huntington’s disease pathology. Methods: Full-length huntingtin with 20 and 140 polyQ repeats were formaldehyde-crosslinked and isolated via their N-terminal Flag-tag from 2-month-old mice brain cortex. Interacting proteins were identified and quantified by label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: We identified 30 interactors specific for wild-type huntingtin, 14 interactors specific for mutant huntingtin and 14 shared interactors that interacted with both wild-type and mutant huntingtin, including known interactors such as F8a1/Hap40. Syt1, Ykt6, and Snap47, involved in vesicle transport and exocytosis, were among the proteins that interacted specifically with wild-type huntingtin. Various other proteins involved in energy metabolism and mitochondria were also found to associate predominantly with wild-type huntingtin, whereas mutant huntingtin interacted with proteins involved in translation including Mapk3, Eif3h and Eef1a2. Conclusion: Here we identified both shared and specific interactors of wild-type and mutant huntingtin, which are involved in different biological processes including exocytosis, vesicle transport, translation and metabolism. These findings contribute to the understanding of the roles that wild-type and mutant huntingtin play in a variety of cellular processes both in healthy conditions and Huntington’s disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Sap
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arzu Tugce Guler
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra Bury
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Dekkers
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A A Demmers
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A Reits
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Gavazzi F, Charsar BA, Williams C, Shults J, Alves CA, Adang L, Vanderver A. Acquisition of Developmental Milestones in Hypomyelination With Atrophy of the Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum and Other TUBB4A-Related Leukoencephalopathy. J Child Neurol 2021. [PMID: 33843299 DOI: 10.1177/0883073821000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in TUBB4A are associated with a spectrum of neurologic disorders categorized as TUBB4A-related leukoencephalopathy. Affected children can present with global developmental delay or normal early development, followed by a variable loss of skills over time. Further research is needed to characterize the factors associated with the divergent developmental trajectories in this rare monogenic disorder because this phenotypic spectrum is not fully explained by genotype alone.To characterize early psychomotor features, developmental milestones and age of disease onset were collected from medical records (n=54 individuals). Three subcohorts were identified: individuals with the common p.Asp249Asn variant vs all other genotypes with either early (<12 months of age) or late onset of presentation. Individuals with the p.Asp249Asn variant or those with non-p.Asp249Asn genotypes with later disease onset attained key milestones, including head control, sitting, and independent walking. Subjects with early-onset, non-p.Asp249Asn-associated disease were less likely to achieve developmental milestones. Next, we defined the developmental severity as the percentage of milestones attained by age 2 years. The mild form was defined as attaining at least 75% of key developmental milestones. Among cohort categorized as mild, individuals with p.Asp249Asn variant were more likely to lose acquired abilities when compared with non-p.Asp249Asn individuals.Our results suggest multiple influences on developmental trajectory, including a strong contribution from genotype and age of onset. Further studies are needed to identify additional factors that influence overall outcomes to better counsel families and to design clinical trials with appropriate clinical endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gavazzi
- Division of Neurology, 6567Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Brittany A Charsar
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, 23217Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Catherine Williams
- Division of Neurology, 6567Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justine Shults
- Department of Pediatrics, 6567Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cesar A Alves
- Division of Neuroradiology, 6567Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Adang
- Division of Neurology, 6567Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Division of Neurology, 6567Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) modulates oligodendrocyte progenitor cell architecture, proliferation and myelination. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7264. [PMID: 33790350 PMCID: PMC8012703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During Central Nervous System ontogenesis, myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) arise from highly ramified and proliferative precursors called oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). OPC architecture, proliferation and oligodendro-/myelino-genesis are finely regulated by the interplay of cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors. A variety of extrinsic cues converge on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway. Here we found that the germinal ablation of the MAPK c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase isoform 1 (JNK1) results in a significant reduction of myelin in the cerebral cortex and corpus callosum at both postnatal and adult stages. Myelin alterations are accompanied by higher OPC density and proliferation during the first weeks of life, consistent with a transient alteration of mechanisms regulating OPC self-renewal and differentiation. JNK1 KO OPCs also show smaller occupancy territories and a less complex branching architecture in vivo. Notably, these latter phenotypes are recapitulated in pure cultures of JNK1 KO OPCs and of WT OPCs treated with the JNK inhibitor D-JNKI-1. Moreover, JNK1 KO and WT D-JNKI-1 treated OLs, while not showing overt alterations of differentiation in vitro, display a reduced surface compared to controls. Our results unveil a novel player in the complex regulation of OPC biology, on the one hand showing that JNK1 ablation cell-autonomously determines alterations of OPC proliferation and branching architecture and, on the other hand, suggesting that JNK1 signaling in OLs participates in myelination in vivo.
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24
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Gonzalez-Latapi P, Marotta N, Mencacci NE. Emerging and converging molecular mechanisms in dystonia. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:483-498. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Chen Y, Zheng Z, Mei A, Huang H, Lin F. Claudin-1 and Claudin-3 as Molecular Regulators of Myelination in Leukoaraiosis Patients. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e2167. [PMID: 34008771 PMCID: PMC8101689 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e2167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Leukoaraiosis is described as white matter lesions that are associated with cognitive dysfunction, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Myelin depletion is a salient pathological feature of, and the loss of oligodendrocytes is one of the most robust alterations evident in, white matter degeneration. Recent studies have revealed that claudin proteins are aberrantly expressed in leukoaraiosis and regulate oligodendrocyte activity. However, the roles of claudin-1 and claudin-3 in oligodendrocytes and leukoaraiosis are still not well-defined. METHODS Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of claudin-1 (CLDN1), claudin-3 (CLDN3), and myelinogenesis-related genes such as myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP), oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2), and SRY-box transcription factor 10 (SOX10) in leukoaraiosis patients (n=122) and healthy controls (n=122). The expression of claudin-1 and claudin-3 was either ectopically silenced or augmented in Oli-neu oligodendrocytes, and colony formation, apoptosis, and migration assays were performed. Finally, the expression of myelin proteins was evaluated by western blotting. RESULTS Our results revealed that in addition to SOX10, the expression levels of claudin-1, claudin-3, and myelinogenesis-related proteins were prominently downregulated in leukoaraiosis patients, compared to those in healthy controls. Furthermore, the growth and migration of Oli-neu cells were downregulated upon silencing claudin-1 or claudin-3. However, the overexpression of claudin-1 or claudin-3 resulted in the reduction of the degree of apoptosis in Oli-neu cells. In addition, claudin-1 and claudin-3 promoted the expression of MBP, OLIG2, PLP, and SOX10 at the translational level. CONCLUSION Our data has demonstrated that the abnormal expression of claudin-1 and claudin-3 regulates the pathological progression of leukoaraiosis by governing the viability and myelination of oligodendrocytes. These findings provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying the roles of claudin-1 and claudin-3 in leukoaraiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, P.R. China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, P.R. China
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Ainong Mei
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, P.R. China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, P.R. China
| | - Huan Huang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, P.R. China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, P.R. China
| | - Fan Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, P.R. China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, 350001, P.R. China
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26
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Abstract
Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies constitute a subset of genetic white matter disorders characterized by a primary lack of myelin deposition. Most patients with severe hypomyelination present in infancy or early childhood and develop severe neurological deficits, but the clinical presentation can also be mild with onset of symptoms in adolescence or adulthood. MRI can be used to visualize the process of myelination in detail, and MRI pattern recognition can provide a clinical diagnosis in many patients. Next-generation sequencing provides a definitive diagnosis in 80-90% of patients. Genes associated with hypomyelination include those that encode structural myelin proteins but also many that encode proteins involved in RNA translation and some lysosomal proteins. The precise pathomechanisms remain to be elucidated. Improved understanding of the process of myelination, the metabolic axonal support functions of myelin and the proposed contribution of myelin to CNS plasticity provide possible explanations as to why almost all patients with hypomyelination experience slow clinical decline after a long phase of stability. In this Review, we provide an overview of the hypomyelinating leukodystrophies, the advances in our understanding of myelin biology and of the genes involved in these disorders, and the insights these advances have provided into their clinical presentations and evolution.
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27
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Garcia LM, Hacker JL, Sase S, Adang L, Almad A. Glial cells in the driver seat of leukodystrophy pathogenesis. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 146:105087. [PMID: 32977022 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glia cells are often viewed as support cells in the central nervous system, but recent discoveries highlight their importance in physiological functions and in neurological diseases. Central to this are leukodystrophies, a group of progressive, neurogenetic disease affecting white matter pathology. In this review, we take a closer look at multiple leukodystrophies, classified based on the primary glial cell type that is affected. While white matter diseases involve oligodendrocyte and myelin loss, we discuss how astrocytes and microglia are affected and impinge on oligodendrocyte, myelin and axonal pathology. We provide an overview of the leukodystrophies covering their hallmark features, clinical phenotypes, diverse molecular pathways, and potential therapeutics for clinical trials. Glial cells are gaining momentum as cellular therapeutic targets for treatment of demyelinating diseases such as leukodystrophies, currently with no treatment options. Here, we bring the much needed attention to role of glia in leukodystrophies, an integral step towards furthering disease comprehension, understanding mechanisms and developing future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Garcia
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julia L Hacker
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sunetra Sase
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura Adang
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Akshata Almad
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, Pennsylvania, USA.
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28
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Unsupervised Inference of Developmental Directions for Single Cells Using VECTOR. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108069. [PMID: 32846127 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A key step in trajectory inference is the determination of starting cells, which is typically done by using manually selected marker genes. In this study, we find that the quantile polarization of a cell's principal-component values is strongly associated with their respective states in development hierarchy, and therefore provides an unsupervised solution for determining the starting cells. Based on this finding, we developed a tool named VECTOR that infers vectors of developmental directions for cells in Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP). In seven datasets of different developmental scenarios, VECTOR correctly identifies the starting cells and successfully infers the vectors of developmental directions. VECTOR is freely available for academic use at https://github.com/jumphone/Vector.
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Lopez-Juarez A, Gonzalez-Vega A, Kleinert-Altamirano A, Piazza V, Garduno-Robles A, Alata M, Villaseñor-Mora C, Eguibar JR, Cortes C, Padierna LC, Hernandez VH. Auditory impairment in H-ABC tubulinopathy. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:957-968. [PMID: 32681585 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC) is a neurodegenerative disease due to mutations in TUBB4A. Patients suffer from extrapyramidal movements, spasticity, ataxia, and cognitive deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging features are hypomyelination and atrophy of the striatum and cerebellum. A correlation between the mutations and their cellular, tissue and organic effects is largely missing. The effects of these mutations on sensory functions have not been described so far. We have previously reported a rat carrying a TUBB4A (A302T) mutation and sharing most of the clinical and radiological signs with H-ABC patients. Here, for the first time, we did a comparative study of the hearing function in an H-ABC patient and in this mutant model. By analyzing hearing function, we found that there are no significant differences in the auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds between mutant rats and WT controls. Nevertheless, ABRs show longer latencies in central waves (II-IV) that in some cases disappear when compared to WT. The patient also shows abnormal AEPs presenting only Waves I and II. Distortion product of otoacoustic emissions and immunohistochemistry in the rat show that the peripheral hearing function and morphology of the organ of Corti are normal. We conclude that the tubulin mutation severely impairs the central hearing pathway most probably by progressive central white matter degeneration. Hearing function might be affected in a significant fraction of patients with H-ABC; therefore, screening for auditory function should be done on patients with tubulinopathies to evaluate hearing support therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arturo Gonzalez-Vega
- Division of Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | | | - Angeles Garduno-Robles
- Division of Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.,Center of Research in Optics, Leon, Mexico
| | | | | | - Jose R Eguibar
- Institute of Physiology, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.,Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Carmen Cortes
- Institute of Physiology, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Luis Carlos Padierna
- Division of Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Victor H Hernandez
- Division of Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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30
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Szpirer C. Rat models of human diseases and related phenotypes: a systematic inventory of the causative genes. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:84. [PMID: 32741357 PMCID: PMC7395987 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The laboratory rat has been used for a long time as the model of choice in several biomedical disciplines. Numerous inbred strains have been isolated, displaying a wide range of phenotypes and providing many models of human traits and diseases. Rat genome mapping and genomics was considerably developed in the last decades. The availability of these resources has stimulated numerous studies aimed at discovering causal disease genes by positional identification. Numerous rat genes have now been identified that underlie monogenic or complex diseases and remarkably, these results have been translated to the human in a significant proportion of cases, leading to the identification of novel human disease susceptibility genes, helping in studying the mechanisms underlying the pathological abnormalities and also suggesting new therapeutic approaches. In addition, reverse genetic tools have been developed. Several genome-editing methods were introduced to generate targeted mutations in genes the function of which could be clarified in this manner [generally these are knockout mutations]. Furthermore, even when the human gene causing a disease had been identified without resorting to a rat model, mutated rat strains (in particular KO strains) were created to analyze the gene function and the disease pathogenesis. Today, over 350 rat genes have been identified as underlying diseases or playing a key role in critical biological processes that are altered in diseases, thereby providing a rich resource of disease models. This article is an update of the progress made in this research and provides the reader with an inventory of these disease genes, a significant number of which have similar effects in rat and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Szpirer
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium.
- , Waterloo, Belgium.
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31
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Cömert C, Brick L, Ang D, Palmfeldt J, Meaney BF, Kozenko M, Georgopoulos C, Fernandez-Guerra P, Bross P. A recurrent de novo HSPD1 variant is associated with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2020; 6:mcs.a004879. [PMID: 32532876 PMCID: PMC7304351 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a004879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Standardization of the use of next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of rare neurological disorders has made it possible to detect potential disease-causing genetic variations, including de novo variants. However, the lack of a clear pathogenic relevance of gene variants poses a critical limitation for translating this genetic information into clinical practice, increasing the necessity to perform functional assays. Genetic screening is currently recommended in the guidelines for diagnosis of hypomyelinating leukodystrophies (HLDs). HLDs represent a group of rare heterogeneous disorders that interfere with the myelination of the neurons in the central nervous system. One of the HLD-related genes is HSPD1, encoding the mitochondrial chaperone heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), which functions as folding machinery for the mitochondrial proteins imported into the mitochondrial matrix space. Disease-causing HSPD1 variants have been associated with an autosomal recessive form of fatal hypomyelinating leukodystrophy (HLD4, MitCHAP60 disease; MIM #612233) and an autosomal dominant form of spastic paraplegia, type 13 (SPG13; MIM #605280). In 2018, a de novo HSPD1 variant was reported in a patient with HLD. Here, we present another case carrying the same heterozygous de novo variation in the HSPD1 gene (c.139T > G, p.Leu47Val) associated with an HLD phenotype. Our molecular studies show that the variant HSP60 protein is stably present in the patient's fibroblasts, and functional assays demonstrate that the variant protein lacks in vivo function, thus confirming its disease association. We conclude that de novo variations of the HSPD1 gene should be considered as potentially disease-causing in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of the HLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagla Cömert
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lauren Brick
- Division of Genetics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Debbie Ang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650, USA
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Brandon F Meaney
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Mariya Kozenko
- Division of Genetics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Costa Georgopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650, USA
| | - Paula Fernandez-Guerra
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Peter Bross
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
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32
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Garduno-Robles A, Alata M, Piazza V, Cortes C, Eguibar JR, Pantano S, Hernandez VH. MRI Features in a Rat Model of H-ABC Tubulinopathy. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:555. [PMID: 32581692 PMCID: PMC7284052 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulinopathies are a group of recently described diseases characterized by mutations in the tubulin genes. Mutations in TUBB4A produce diseases such as dystonia type 4 (DYT4) and hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC), which are clinically diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We propose the taiep rat as the first animal model for tubulinopathies. The spontaneous mutant suffers from a syndrome related to a central leukodystrophy and characterized by tremor, ataxia, immobility, epilepsy, and paralysis. The pathological signs presented by these rats and the morphological changes we found by our longitudinal MRI study are similar to those of patients with mutations in TUBB4A. The diffuse atrophy we found in brain, cerebellum and spinal cord is related to the changes detectable in many human tubulinopathies and in particular in H-ABC patients, where myelin degeneration at the level of putamen and cerebellum is a clinical trademark of the disease. We performed Tubb4a exon analysis to corroborate the genetic defect and formulated hypotheses about the effect of amino acid 302 change on protein physiology. Optical microscopy of taiep rat cerebella and spinal cord confirmed the optical density loss in white matter associated with myelin loss, despite the persistence of neural fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Garduno-Robles
- Departament of Chemical, Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, DCI, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.,Center of Research in Optics, Leon, Mexico
| | | | | | - Carmen Cortes
- Institute of Physiology, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jose R Eguibar
- Institute of Physiology, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.,Research Office of the Vice-rectory of Research and Postgraduate Studies, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Sergio Pantano
- Group of Biomolecular Simulations, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Victor H Hernandez
- Departament of Chemical, Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, DCI, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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33
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Sase S, Almad AA, Boecker CA, Guedes-Dias P, Li JJ, Takanohashi A, Patel A, McCaffrey T, Patel H, Sirdeshpande D, Curiel J, Shih-Hwa Liu J, Padiath Q, Holzbaur EL, Scherer SS, Vanderver A. TUBB4A mutations result in both glial and neuronal degeneration in an H-ABC leukodystrophy mouse model. eLife 2020; 9:52986. [PMID: 32463361 PMCID: PMC7255805 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in TUBB4A result in a spectrum of leukodystrophy including Hypomyelination with Atrophy of Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum (H-ABC), a rare hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, often associated with a recurring variant p.Asp249Asn (D249N). We have developed a novel knock-in mouse model harboring heterozygous (Tubb4aD249N/+) and the homozygous (Tubb4aD249N/D249N) mutation that recapitulate the progressive motor dysfunction with tremor, dystonia and ataxia seen in H-ABC. Tubb4aD249N/D249N mice have myelination deficits along with dramatic decrease in mature oligodendrocytes and their progenitor cells. Additionally, a significant loss occurs in the cerebellar granular neurons and striatal neurons in Tubb4aD249N/D249N mice. In vitro studies show decreased survival and dysfunction in microtubule dynamics in neurons from Tubb4aD249N/D249N mice. Thus Tubb4aD249N/D249N mice demonstrate the complex cellular physiology of H-ABC, likely due to independent effects on oligodendrocytes, striatal neurons, and cerebellar granule cells in the context of altered microtubule dynamics, with profound neurodevelopmental deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunetra Sase
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Akshata A Almad
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - C Alexander Boecker
- Department of Physiology, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Pedro Guedes-Dias
- Department of Physiology, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Jian J Li
- Department of Neurology, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Asako Takanohashi
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Akshilkumar Patel
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Tara McCaffrey
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Heta Patel
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Divya Sirdeshpande
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Julian Curiel
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Judy Shih-Hwa Liu
- Department of Neurology, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - Quasar Padiath
- Department of Human Genetics and Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Erika Lf Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Steven S Scherer
- Department of Neurology, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States.,Department of Neurology, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
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34
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Weigel M, Wang L, Fu MM. Microtubule organization and dynamics in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 81:310-320. [PMID: 32324338 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Though much is known about microtubule organization and microtubule-based transport in neurons, the development and function of microtubules in glia are more enigmatic. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature on microtubules in ramified brain cells, including oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia. We focus on normal cell biology-how structure relates to function in these cells. In oligodendrocytes, microtubules are important for extension of processes that contact axons and for elongating the myelin sheath. Recent studies demonstrate that new microtubules can form outside of the oligodendrocyte cell body off of Golgi outpost organelles. In astrocytes and microglia, changes in cell shape and ramification can be influenced by neighboring cells and the extracellular milieu. Finally, we highlight key papers implicating glial microtubule defects in neurological injury and disease and discuss how microtubules may contribute to invasiveness in gliomas. Thus, future research on the mechanisms underlying microtubule organization in normal glial cell function may yield valuable insights on neurological disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Weigel
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Meng-Meng Fu
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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35
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Yazdani M, Koch TK. Extrapyramidal Movement with Hypomyelination. Eur Neurol 2020; 83:232-234. [DOI: 10.1159/000507546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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The Golgi Outpost Protein TPPP Nucleates Microtubules and Is Critical for Myelination. Cell 2019; 179:132-146.e14. [PMID: 31522887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes extend elaborate microtubule arbors that contact up to 50 axon segments per cell, then spiral around myelin sheaths, penetrating from outer to inner layers. However, how they establish this complex cytoarchitecture is unclear. Here, we show that oligodendrocytes contain Golgi outposts, an organelle that can function as an acentrosomal microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). We identify a specific marker for Golgi outposts-TPPP (tubulin polymerization promoting protein)-that we use to purify this organelle and characterize its proteome. In in vitro cell-free assays, recombinant TPPP nucleates microtubules. Primary oligodendrocytes from Tppp knockout (KO) mice have aberrant microtubule branching, mixed microtubule polarity, and shorter myelin sheaths when cultured on 3-dimensional (3D) microfibers. Tppp KO mice exhibit hypomyelination with shorter, thinner myelin sheaths and motor coordination deficits. Together, our data demonstrate that microtubule nucleation outside the cell body at Golgi outposts by TPPP is critical for elongation of the myelin sheath.
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37
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Schoor C, Brocke-Ahmadinejad N, Gieselmann V, Winter D. Investigation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Differentiation by Quantitative Proteomics. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900057. [PMID: 31216117 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system, are essential for correct brain function. They originate from oligodendrocyte precursor cells through a differentiation process which is only incompletely understood and impaired in a variety of demyelinating diseases. Better knowledge of this differentiation holds the promise to develop novel therapies for these disorders. The differentiation of rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells to oligodendrocytes in vitro is investigated. After confirmation of differentiation by immunohistochemical analysis using cell type-specific marker proteins, a quantitative proteomics study using tandem mass tags (TMT) is conducted. Four time points of differentiation covering early, intermediate, and late stages are investigated. Data analysis by Mascot and MaxQuant identified 5259 protein groups of which 471 are not described in the context of cells of the oligodendroglial lineage before. Quantitative analysis of the dataset revealed distinct regulation patterns for proteins of different functional categories including metabolic processes, regulation of the cell cycle, and transcriptional control of protein expression. The present data confirm a significant number of proteins known to play a role in oligodendrocytes and myelination. Furthermore, novel candidate proteins are identified which may play an important role in this differentiation process providing a valuable resource for oligodendrocyte research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Schoor
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Volkmar Gieselmann
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominic Winter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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38
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Frederick NM, Shah PV, Didonna A, Langley MR, Kanthasamy AG, Opal P. Loss of the dystonia gene Thap1 leads to transcriptional deficits that converge on common pathogenic pathways in dystonic syndromes. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:1343-1356. [PMID: 30590536 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary and repetitive co-contractions of agonist and antagonist muscles. Dystonia 6 (DYT6) is an autosomal dominant dystonia caused by loss-of-function mutations in the zinc finger transcription factor THAP1. We have generated Thap1 knock-out mice with a view to understanding its transcriptional role. While germ-line deletion of Thap1 is embryonic lethal, mice lacking one Thap1 allele-which in principle should recapitulate the haploinsufficiency of the human syndrome-do not show a discernable phenotype. This is because mice show autoregulation of Thap1 mRNA levels with upregulation at the non-affected locus. We then deleted Thap1 in glial and neuronal precursors using a nestin-conditional approach. Although these mice do not exhibit dystonia, they show pronounced locomotor deficits reflecting derangements in the cerebellar and basal ganglia circuitry. These behavioral features are associated with alterations in the expression of genes involved in nervous system development, synaptic transmission, cytoskeleton, gliosis and dopamine signaling that link DYT6 to other primary and secondary dystonic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandro Didonna
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monica R Langley
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Puneet Opal
- Davee Department of Neurology.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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39
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Simons C, Dyment D, Bent SJ, Crawford J, D'Hooghe M, Kohlschütter A, Venkateswaran S, Helman G, Poll-The BT, Makowski CC, Ito Y, Kernohan K, Hartley T, Waisfisz Q, Taft RJ, van der Knaap MS, Wolf NI. A recurrent de novo mutation in TMEM106B causes hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. Brain 2019; 140:3105-3111. [PMID: 29186371 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of disorders with a clinical presentation that often includes early-onset nystagmus, ataxia and spasticity and a wide range of severity. Using next-generation sequencing techniques and GeneMatcher, we identified four unrelated patients with brain hypomyelination, all with the same recurrent dominant mutation, c.754G>A p.(Asp252Asn), in TMEM106B. The mutation was confirmed as de novo in three of the cases, and the mildly affected father of the fourth affected individual was confirmed as mosaic for this variant. The protein encoded by TMEM106B is poorly characterized but is reported to have a role in regulation of lysosomal trafficking. Polymorphisms in TMEM106B are thought to modify disease onset in frontotemporal dementia, but its relation to myelination is not understood. Clinical presentation in three of the four patients is remarkably benign compared to other hypomyelinating disorders, with congenital nystagmus and mild motor delay. These findings add TMEM106B to the growing list of genes causing hypomyelinating disorders and emphasize the essential role lysosomes play in myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cas Simons
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Dyment
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Bent
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joanna Crawford
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marc D'Hooghe
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital Sint-Jan, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Alfried Kohlschütter
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sunita Venkateswaran
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guy Helman
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bwee-Tien Poll-The
- Department of Child Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yoko Ito
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristin Kernohan
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taila Hartley
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan J Taft
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Illumina Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- Department of Child Neurology, VU University Medical Center, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole I Wolf
- Department of Child Neurology, VU University Medical Center, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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Abstract
Within the field of movement disorders, the conceptual understanding of dystonia has continued to evolve. Clinical advances have included improvements in recognition of certain features of dystonia, such as tremor, and understanding of phenotypic spectrums in the genetic dystonias and dystonia terminology and classification. Progress has also been made in the understanding of underlying biological processes which characterize dystonia from discoveries using approaches such as neurophysiology, functional imaging, genetics, and animal models. Important advances include the role of the cerebellum in dystonia, the concept of dystonia as an aberrant brain network disorder, additional evidence supporting the concept of dystonia endophenotypes, and new insights into psychogenic dystonia. These discoveries have begun to shape treatment approaches as, in parallel, important new treatment modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound, have emerged and existing interventions such as deep brain stimulation have been further refined. In this review, these topics are explored and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Tisch
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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41
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Curiel J, Rodríguez Bey G, Takanohashi A, Bugiani M, Fu X, Wolf NI, Nmezi B, Schiffmann R, Bugaighis M, Pierson T, Helman G, Simons C, van der Knaap MS, Liu J, Padiath Q, Vanderver A. TUBB4A mutations result in specific neuronal and oligodendrocytic defects that closely match clinically distinct phenotypes. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:4506-4518. [PMID: 28973395 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies are heritable disorders defined by lack of development of brain myelin, but the cellular mechanisms of hypomyelination are often poorly understood. Mutations in TUBB4A, encoding the tubulin isoform tubulin beta class IVA (Tubb4a), result in the symptom complex of hypomyelination with atrophy of basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC). Additionally, TUBB4A mutations are known to result in a broad phenotypic spectrum, ranging from primary dystonia (DYT4), isolated hypomyelination with spastic quadriplegia, and an infantile onset encephalopathy, suggesting multiple cell types may be involved. We present a study of the cellular effects of TUBB4A mutations responsible for H-ABC (p.Asp249Asn), DYT4 (p.Arg2Gly), a severe combined phenotype with hypomyelination and encephalopathy (p.Asn414Lys), as well as milder phenotypes causing isolated hypomyelination (p.Val255Ile and p.Arg282Pro). We used a combination of histopathological, biochemical and cellular approaches to determine how these different mutations may have variable cellular effects in neurons and/or oligodendrocytes. Our results demonstrate that specific mutations lead to either purely neuronal, combined neuronal and oligodendrocytic or purely oligodendrocytic defects that closely match their respective clinical phenotypes. Thus, the DYT4 mutation that leads to phenotypes attributable to neuronal dysfunction results in altered neuronal morphology, but with unchanged tubulin quantity and polymerization, with normal oligodendrocyte morphology and myelin gene expression. Conversely, mutations associated with isolated hypomyelination (p.Val255Ile and p.Arg282Pro) and the severe combined phenotype (p.Asn414Lys) resulted in normal neuronal morphology but were associated with altered oligodendrocyte morphology, myelin gene expression, and microtubule dysfunction. The H-ABC mutation (p.Asp249Asn) that exhibits a combined neuronal and myelin phenotype had overlapping cellular defects involving both neuronal and oligodendrocyte cell types in vitro. Only mutations causing hypomyelination phenotypes showed altered microtubule dynamics and acted through a dominant toxic gain of function mechanism. The DYT4 mutation had no impact on microtubule dynamics suggesting a distinct mechanism of action. In summary, the different clinical phenotypes associated with TUBB4A reflect the selective and specific cellular effects of the causative mutations. Cellular specificity of disease pathogenesis is relevant to developing targeted treatments for this disabling condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Curiel
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Children's Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | | | - Asako Takanohashi
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Children's Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA.,Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Xiaoqin Fu
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Children's Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Nicole I Wolf
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce Nmezi
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Raphael Schiffmann
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Mona Bugaighis
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Children's Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Tyler Pierson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Cedar Sinai Medical Center, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Guy Helman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Children's Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Cas Simons
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Judy Liu
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Children's Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Quasar Padiath
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Children's Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA.,Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Neurology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA.,Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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42
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Silva-Gómez AB, Bravo-Duran DA, Eguibar JR, Cortes C. Juvenile Taiep rats have shorter dendritic trees in the dorsal field of the hippocampus without spatial learning disabilities. Synapse 2018; 72:e22024. [PMID: 29323756 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myelin mutant taiep rats show a progressive demyelination in the central nervous system due to an abnormal accumulation of microtubules in the cytoplasm and the processes on their oligodendrocytes. Demyelination is associated with electrophysiological alterations and the mutant had a progressive astrocytosis. The illness is associated with change in cytokine levels and in the expression of different nitric oxide synthase and concomitantly lipoperoxidation in several areas of the brain. However, until now there has been no detailed anatomical analysis of neurons in this mutant. The aim of this study was to analyze the dendritic morphology in the hippocampus using Golgi-Cox staining and spatial memory through Morris water maze test in young adult (3 months old) taiep rats and compare them with normal Sprague-Dawley. Our results showed that taiep rats have altered dendritic tree morphology in pyramidal neurons in the CA1 field of the hippocampus, but not in the CA3 region. These morphological changes did not produce a concomitant deficit in spatial memory acquisition or recall at this early stage of the disease. Our results suggest that impairment of dendritic morphology in the CA1 field of the hippocampus is a landmark of the pathology of this progressive multiple sclerosis model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jose R Eguibar
- Institute of Physiology, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México.,Research Office, Vice-rectory of Research and Postgraduate Studies, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México
| | - Carmen Cortes
- Institute of Physiology, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México
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43
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Muñoz-de-la-Torre LP, Eguibar JR, Cortés C, Ugarte A, Trujillo A. Follicular Development and Secretion of Ovarian Hormones during the Juvenile and Adult Reproductive Lives of the Myelin Mutant taiep Rat: An Animal Model of Demyelinating Diseases. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:5718782. [PMID: 30363667 PMCID: PMC6180977 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5718782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility and reproductive problems have been reported in women with several neurological disorders, for example, demyelination. However, the physiology of such problems has remained unknown so far. The taiep rats are an animal neurological model that initially shows a hypomyelination followed by a progressive demyelination of the central nervous system. This animal has reproductive problems, and the aim of this work is to characterize the follicular development, secretion of ovarian hormones, and presence of noradrenaline in the ovaries of the female taiep rats in the juvenile and adult stages. The taiep rats have low body weight (approximately 19% less than that of SD rats), a delay of 4 days in the age of vaginal opening, and an irregularity in the estrous cycle by the absence or prolongation of some estral cycle stage. In the juvenile stage, we observed a decrease of approximately 44% in the total number of follicles with a 15% increase of atresia and an 80% decrease in the fluorescence intensity of catecholamines in the ovaries, with a 21% increment in plasma concentrations of testosterone. In the adult stage, we observed follicular cysts and a 50% decrease in fluorescence intensity of catecholamines in the ovaries, with changes in the secretion of ovarian hormones, an increase of 20 times in progesterone, and a decrement of a half in estradiol. The demyelination in taiep rats affects follicular development and steroidogenesis in the early stages of the animal's life, and this is maintained until adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. R. Eguibar
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72000 Puebla, Mexico
| | - C. Cortés
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - A. Ugarte
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - A. Trujillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
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