1
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Tong H, Capuano AW, Carmichael OT, Gwizdala KL, Bennett DA, Ahima RS, Arnold SE, Arvanitakis Z. Brain Insulin Signaling is Associated with Late-Life Cognitive Decline. Aging Dis 2024; 15:2205-2215. [PMID: 38029396 PMCID: PMC11346412 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of dementia, and the underlying mechanism might involve abnormal insulin signaling in the brain. The objective of this study was to examine the association of postmortem brain insulin signaling with late-life cognitive decline. Among participants of Religious Orders Study, a community-based clinical-pathological cohort, 150 deceased and autopsied older individuals (75 with diabetes matched to 75 without by age at death, sex, and education) had postmortem brain insulin signaling measurements collected in the prefrontal cortex using ELISA and immunohistochemistry. By using adjusted linear mixed-effects models, we examined the association of postmortem brain insulin signaling with late-life cognitive function assessed longitudinally (mean follow-up duration = 9.4 years) using a battery of neuropsychological tests. We found that a higher level of serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) phosphorylation (pT308AKT1/total AKT1) was associated with a faster decline in global cognition (estimate = -0.023, p = 0.030), and three domains: episodic memory (estimate = -0.024, p = 0.032), working memory (estimate = -0.018, p = 0.012), and visuospatial abilities (estimate = -0.013, p = 0.027). The level of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) phosphorylation (pS307IRS1/total IRS1) was not associated with decline in global cognition or most cognitive domains, except for perceptual speed (estimate = 0.020, p = 0.020). The density of pS616IRS1-stained cells was not associated with decline in global cognition or any of the domains. In conclusion, these findings provide novel evidence for an association between brain insulin signaling and late-life cognitive decline. AKT phosphorylation is associated with a decline in global cognition and memory in particular, whereas IRS1 phosphorylation is associated with a decline in perceptual speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tong
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana W Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Cheng P, Pu K. Enzyme-responsive, multi-lock optical probes for molecular imaging and disease theranostics. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39229642 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00335g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Optical imaging is an indispensable tool for non-invasive visualization of biomolecules in living organisms, thereby offering a sensitive approach for disease diagnosis and image-guided disease treatment. Single-lock activatable optical probes (SOPs) that specifically switch on optical signals in the presence of biomarkers-of-interest have shown both higher detection sensitivity and imaging quality as compared to conventional "always-on" optical probes. However, such SOPs can still show "false-positive" results in disease diagnosis due to non-specific biomarker expression in healthy tissues. By contrast, multi-lock activatable optical probes (MOPs) that simultaneously detect multiple biomarkers-of-interest could improve detection specificity towards certain biomolecular events or pathological conditions. In this Review, we discuss the recent advancements of enzyme-responsive MOPs, with a focus on their biomedical applications. The higher detection specificity of MOPs could in turn enhance disease diagnosis accuracy and improve treatment efficacy in image-guided disease therapy with minimal toxicity in the surrounding healthy tissues. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and suggest future applications of MOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, 637457 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, 637457 Singapore, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
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3
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Liu X, Jiang T, Jiang Y, Li L, Cao Y. Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and modifiable risk factors: A cross-sectional study in rural older adults with diabetes. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 59:549-556. [PMID: 39153464 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
To determine the prevalence and modifiable risk factors for MCI in older adults with T2DM in rural China. This cross-sectional study encompassed 96 villages, employing a cluster sampling approach to recruit eligible older adults with T2DM as study participants. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify modifiable risk factors associated with MCI. Average marginal effects were calculated. The discriminatory performance of these risk factors in identifying MCI was evaluated by plotting the receiver operating curve and calculating the value of the area under the curve. A total of 898 older adults with T2DM in our study. The overall prevalence of MCI was 50.22 %. Independent associations with MCI were found in poor self-management ability of diabetes (OR = 0.808, 95 % CI: 0.808, 0.766), depressive symptoms (OR = 3.500, 95 % CI: 1.933, 6.337), moderate (OR = 0.936, 95 % CI: 0.017, 0.075) and high (OR = 0.939, 95 % CI: 0.016, 0.100) levels of physical activity, poorer oral health (OR = 2.660, 95 % CI: 2.226, 3.179), and lower grip strength (OR = 0.913, 95 % CI: 0.870, 0.958). The AUC was 0.967 (95 % CI 0.508-0.470). The prevalence of MCI was high among older adults with T2DM in rural areas of China. The self-management ability of diabetes, depressive symptoms, physical activity, oral health and grip strength were modifiable risk factors of MCI. Targeted interventions should be developed and implemented to address these modifiable risk factors, aiming to enhance cognitive function and mitigate the incidence of MCI in older adults with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Liu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Tianshu Jiang
- Center for Economic Research, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Licheng District, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Nursing Theory and Practice Innovation Research Center, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Nursing Theory and Practice Innovation Research Center, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yingjuan Cao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Nursing Theory and Practice Innovation Research Center, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
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4
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Leclerc M, Tremblay C, Bourassa P, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Calon F. Lower GLUT1 and unchanged MCT1 in Alzheimer's disease cerebrovasculature. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:1417-1432. [PMID: 38441044 PMCID: PMC11342728 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241237484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The brain is a highly demanding organ, utilizing mainly glucose but also ketone bodies as sources of energy. Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) and monocarboxylates transporter-1 (MCT1) respectively transport glucose and ketone bodies across the blood-brain barrier. While reduced glucose uptake by the brain is one of the earliest signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD), no change in the uptake of ketone bodies has been evidenced yet. To probe for changes in GLUT1 and MCT1, we performed Western immunoblotting in microvessel extracts from the parietal cortex of 60 participants of the Religious Orders Study. Participants clinically diagnosed with AD had lower cerebrovascular levels of GLUT1, whereas MCT1 remained unchanged. GLUT1 reduction was associated with lower cognitive scores. No such association was found for MCT1. GLUT1 was inversely correlated with neuritic plaques and cerebrovascular β-secretase-derived fragment levels. No other significant associations were found between both transporters, markers of Aβ and tau pathologies, sex, age at death or apolipoprotein-ε4 genotype. These results suggest that, while a deficit of GLUT1 may underlie the reduced transport of glucose to the brain in AD, no such impairment occurs for MCT1. This study thus supports the exploration of ketone bodies as an alternative energy source for the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Bourassa
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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5
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Tong H, Capuano AW, Mehta RI, Sood A, Bennett DA, Ahima RS, Arnold SE, Arvanitakis Z. Associations of renin-angiotensin system inhibitor use with brain insulin signaling and neuropathology. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:2112-2122. [PMID: 38952081 PMCID: PMC11330222 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitor use with postmortem brain insulin signaling and neuropathology. METHODS Among Religious Orders Study participants, 150 deceased and autopsied older individuals (75 with diabetes matched to 75 without by age at death, sex, and education) had measurements of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and RAC-alpha serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT1) collected in the prefrontal cortex using ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Alzheimer's disease (AD), brain infarcts, and cerebral vessel pathology data were assessed by systematic neuropathologic evaluations. RAS inhibitor use was determined based on visual inspection of medication containers during study visits. The associations of RAS inhibitor use with brain insulin signaling measures and neuropathology were examined using adjusted regression analyses. RESULTS Of the 90 RAS inhibitor users (54 with diabetes), 65 had used only angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, 11 only angiotensin II receptor blockers, and 14 used both. RAS inhibitor use was associated with lower pT308AKT1/total AKT1, but not with pS307IRS-1/total IRS-1 or the density of cells stained positive for pS616 IRS-1. RAS inhibitor use was not associated with the level of global AD pathology or amyloid beta burden, but it was associated with a lower tau-neurofibrillary tangle density. Additionally, we found a significant interaction between diabetes and RAS inhibitors on tangle density. Furthermore, AKT1 phosphorylation partially mediated the association of RAS inhibitor use with tau tangle density. Lastly, RAS inhibitor use was associated with more atherosclerosis, but not with other cerebral blood vessel pathologies or cerebral infarcts. INTERPRETATION Late-life RAS inhibitor use may be associated with lower brain AKT1 phosphorylation and fewer neurofibrillary tangles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tong
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Ana W. Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Rupal I. Mehta
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Ajay Sood
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Rexford S. Ahima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Steven E. Arnold
- Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
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6
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Rhea EM, Leclerc M, Yassine HN, Capuano AW, Tong H, Petyuk VA, Macauley SL, Fioramonti X, Carmichael O, Calon F, Arvanitakis Z. State of the Science on Brain Insulin Resistance and Cognitive Decline Due to Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1688-1725. [PMID: 37611907 PMCID: PMC11272209 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common and increasing in prevalence worldwide, with devastating public health consequences. While peripheral insulin resistance is a key feature of most forms of T2DM and has been investigated for over a century, research on brain insulin resistance (BIR) has more recently been developed, including in the context of T2DM and non-diabetes states. Recent data support the presence of BIR in the aging brain, even in non-diabetes states, and found that BIR may be a feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and contributes to cognitive impairment. Further, therapies used to treat T2DM are now being investigated in the context of AD treatment and prevention, including insulin. In this review, we offer a definition of BIR, and present evidence for BIR in AD; we discuss the expression, function, and activation of the insulin receptor (INSR) in the brain; how BIR could develop; tools to study BIR; how BIR correlates with current AD hallmarks; and regional/cellular involvement of BIR. We close with a discussion on resilience to both BIR and AD, how current tools can be improved to better understand BIR, and future avenues for research. Overall, this review and position paper highlights BIR as a plausible therapeutic target for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia due to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Rhea
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
- Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center - Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Departments of Neurology and Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Ana W Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Han Tong
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Vladislav A Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - Shannon L Macauley
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA.
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Bordeaux, France and Quebec, Canada.
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - Frederic Calon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
- Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center - Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Bordeaux, France and Quebec, Canada.
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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7
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Fernandes C, Forny-Germano L, Andrade MM, Lyra E Silva NM, Ramos-Lobo AM, Meireles F, Tovar-Moll F, Houzel JC, Donato J, De Felice FG. Leptin receptor reactivation restores brain function in early-life Lepr-deficient mice. Brain 2024; 147:2706-2717. [PMID: 38650574 PMCID: PMC11292908 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease caused by excessive fat accumulation that impacts the body and brain health. Insufficient leptin or leptin receptor (LepR) is involved in the disease pathogenesis. Leptin is involved with several neurological processes, and it has crucial developmental roles. We have previously demonstrated that leptin deficiency in early life leads to permanent developmental problems in young adult mice, including an imbalance in energy homeostasis, alterations in melanocortin and the reproductive system and a reduction in brain mass. Given that in humans, obesity has been associated with brain atrophy and cognitive impairment, it is important to determine the long-term consequences of early-life leptin deficiency on brain structure and memory function. Here, we demonstrate that leptin-deficient (LepOb) mice exhibit altered brain volume, decreased neurogenesis and memory impairment. Similar effects were observed in animals that do not express the LepR (LepRNull). Interestingly, restoring the expression of LepR in 10-week-old mice reverses brain atrophy, in addition to neurogenesis and memory impairments in older animals. Our findings indicate that leptin deficiency impairs brain development and memory, which are reversible by restoring leptin signalling in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Fernandes
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Leticia Forny-Germano
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Mayara M Andrade
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Natalia M Lyra E Silva
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences & Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Angela M Ramos-Lobo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Meireles
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Jean Christophe Houzel
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences & Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22281-100, Brazil
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8
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Parida IS, Takasu S, Ito J, Eitsuka T, Nakagawa K. 1-Deoxynojirimycin attenuates pathological markers of Alzheimer's disease in the in vitro model of neuronal insulin resistance. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23800. [PMID: 38979931 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302600r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, the hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has emerged as a pathological feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given the shared role of insulin resistance in T2DM and AD, repurposing peripheral insulin sensitizers is a promising strategy to preserve neuronal insulin sensitivity and prevent AD. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a bioactive iminosugar, exhibited insulin-sensitizing effects in metabolic tissues and was detected in brain tissue post-oral intake. However, its impact on brain and neuronal insulin signaling has not been described. Here, we investigated the effect of DNJ treatment on insulin signaling and AD markers in insulin-resistant human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma, a cellular model of neuronal insulin resistance. Our findings show that DNJ increased the expression of insulin signaling genes and the phosphorylation status of key molecules implicated in insulin resistance (Y1146-pIRβ, S473-pAKT, S9-GSK3B) while also elevating the expression of glucose transporters Glut3 and Glut4, resulting in higher glucose uptake upon insulin stimuli. DNJ appeared to mitigate the insulin resistance-driven increase in phosphorylated tau and Aβ1-42 levels by promoting insulin-induced phosphorylation of GSK3B (a major tau kinase) and enhancing mRNA expression of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) pivotal for insulin and Aβ clearance. Overall, our study unveils probable mechanisms underlying the potential benefits of DNJ for AD, wherein DNJ attenuates tau and amyloid pathologies by reversing neuronal insulin resistance. This provides a scientific basis for expanding the use of DNJ-containing products for neuroprotective purposes and prompts further research into compounds with similar mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Supardi Parida
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soo Takasu
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Junya Ito
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Eitsuka
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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9
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Zhao N, Wang J, Huang S, Zhang J, Bao J, Ni H, Gao X, Zhang C. The landscape of programmed cell death-related lncRNAs in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01984-z. [PMID: 38853201 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
This study delivers a thorough analysis of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating programmed cell death (PCD), vital for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). We propose a new framework PCDLnc, and identified 20 significant lncRNAs, including HEIH, SNHG15, and SNHG5, associated with PCD gene sets, which were known for roles in proliferation and apoptosis in neurodegenerative diseases. By using GREAT software, we identified regulatory functions of top lncRNAs in different neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, lncRNAs cis-regulated mRNAs linked to neurodegeneration, including JAK2, AKT1, EGFR, CDC42, SNCA, and ADIPOQ, highlighting their therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases. A further exploration into the differential expression of mRNA identified by PCDLnc revealed a role in apoptosis, ferroptosis and autophagy. Additionally, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis exposed abnormal interactions among key genes, despite their consistent expression levels between disease and normal samples. The randomforest model effectively distinguished between disease samples, indicating a high level of accuracy. Shared gene subsets in AD and PD might serve as potential biomarkers, along with disease-specific gene sets. Besides, we also found the strong relationship between AD and immune infiltration. This research highlights the role of lncRNAs and their associated genes in PCD in neurodegenerative diseases, offering potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for future study and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shan Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jin Bao
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haisen Ni
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinhang Gao
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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10
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Zhou AL, Swaminathan SK, Salian VS, Wang L, Curran GL, Min HK, Lowe VJ, Kandimalla KK. Insulin Signaling Differentially Regulates the Trafficking of Insulin and Amyloid Beta Peptides at the Blood-Brain Barrier. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2176-2186. [PMID: 38625027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is instrumental in clearing toxic metabolites from the brain, such as amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, and in delivering essential nutrients to the brain, like insulin. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, increased Aβ levels are paralleled by decreased insulin levels, which are accompanied by insulin signaling deficits at the BBB. Thus, we investigated the impact of insulin-like growth factor and insulin receptor (IGF1R and IR) signaling on Aβ and insulin trafficking at the BBB. Following intravenous infusion of an IGF1R/IR kinase inhibitor (AG1024) in wild-type mice, the BBB trafficking of 125I radiolabeled Aβ peptides and insulin was assessed by dynamic SPECT/CT imaging. The brain efflux of [125I]iodo-Aβ42 decreased upon AG1024 treatment. Additionally, the brain influx of [125I]iodoinsulin, [125I]iodo-Aβ42, [125I]iodo-Aβ40, and [125I]iodo-BSA (BBB integrity marker) was decreased, increased, unchanged, and unchanged, respectively, upon AG1024 treatment. Subsequent mechanistic studies were performed using an in vitro BBB cell model. The cell uptake of [125I]iodoinsulin, [125I]iodo-Aβ42, and [125I]iodo-Aβ40 was decreased, increased, and unchanged, respectively, upon AG1024 treatment. Further, AG1024 reduced the phosphorylation of insulin signaling kinases (Akt and Erk) and the membrane expression of Aβ and insulin trafficking receptors (LRP-1 and IR-β). These findings reveal that insulin signaling differentially regulates the BBB trafficking of Aβ peptides and insulin. Moreover, deficits in IGF1R and IR signaling, as observed in the brains of type II diabetes and AD patients, are expected to increase Aβ accumulation while decreasing insulin delivery to the brain, which has been linked to the progression of cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Suresh K Swaminathan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vrishali S Salian
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Lushan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Geoffry L Curran
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Hoon-Ki Min
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Karunya K Kandimalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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11
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Arvanitakis Z, Capuano AW, Tong H, Mehta RI, Anokye-Danso F, Bennett DA, Arnold SE, Ahima RS. Associations of Serum Insulin and Related Measures With Neuropathology and Cognition in Older Persons With and Without Diabetes. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:665-676. [PMID: 38379184 PMCID: PMC11023784 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations of serum insulin and related measures with neuropathology and cognition in older persons. METHODS We studied 192 older persons (96 with diabetes and 96 without, matched by sex and balanced by age-at-death, education, and postmortem interval) from a community-based, clinical-pathologic study of aging, with annual evaluations including neuropsychological testing (summarized into global cognition and 5 cognitive domains) and postmortem autopsy. We assessed serum insulin, glucose, leptin, adiponectin, hemoglobin A1C, advanced glycation-end products (AGEs), and receptors for advanced glycation-end products, and calculated the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and adiponectin-to-leptin ratio. Using adjusted regression analyses, we examined the associations of serum measures with neuropathology of cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease, and with the level of cognition proximate-to-death. RESULTS Higher HOMA-IR was associated with the presence of brain infarcts and specifically microinfarcts, and higher HOMA-IR and leptin were each associated with subcortical infarcts. Further, higher leptin levels and lower adiponectin-to-leptin ratios were associated with the presence of moderate-to-severe atherosclerosis. Serum insulin and related measures were not associated with the level of Alzheimer's disease pathology, as assessed by global, as well as amyloid burden or tau tangle density scores. Regarding cognitive outcomes, higher insulin and leptin levels, and lower adiponectin and receptors for advanced glycation-end products levels, respectively, were each associated with lower levels of global cognition. INTERPRETATION Peripheral insulin resistance indicated by HOMA-IR and related serum measures was associated with a greater burden of cerebrovascular neuropathology and lower cognition. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:665-676.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Ana W Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Han Tong
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Rupal I Mehta
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Frederick Anokye-Danso
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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12
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Castellano G, Esposito A, Lella E, Montanaro G, Vessio G. Automated detection of Alzheimer's disease: a multi-modal approach with 3D MRI and amyloid PET. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5210. [PMID: 38433282 PMCID: PMC10909869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in deep learning and imaging technologies have revolutionized automated medical image analysis, especially in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease through neuroimaging. Despite the availability of various imaging modalities for the same patient, the development of multi-modal models leveraging these modalities remains underexplored. This paper addresses this gap by proposing and evaluating classification models using 2D and 3D MRI images and amyloid PET scans in uni-modal and multi-modal frameworks. Our findings demonstrate that models using volumetric data learn more effective representations than those using only 2D images. Furthermore, integrating multiple modalities enhances model performance over single-modality approaches significantly. We achieved state-of-the-art performance on the OASIS-3 cohort. Additionally, explainability analyses with Grad-CAM indicate that our model focuses on crucial AD-related regions for its predictions, underscoring its potential to aid in understanding the disease's causes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Esposito
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Eufemia Lella
- Sirio - Research & Innovation, Sidea Group, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Gennaro Vessio
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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13
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Valentin-Escalera J, Leclerc M, Calon F. High-Fat Diets in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease: How Can Eating Too Much Fat Increase Alzheimer's Disease Risk? J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:977-1005. [PMID: 38217592 PMCID: PMC10836579 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
High dietary intake of saturated fatty acids is a suspected risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). To decipher the causal link behind these associations, high-fat diets (HFD) have been repeatedly investigated in animal models. Preclinical studies allow full control over dietary composition, avoiding ethical concerns in clinical trials. The goal of the present article is to provide a narrative review of reports on HFD in animal models of AD. Eligibility criteria included mouse models of AD fed a HFD defined as > 35% of fat/weight and western diets containing > 1% cholesterol or > 15% sugar. MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from 1946 to August 2022, and 32 preclinical studies were included in the review. HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance have been replicated in most studies, but with methodological variability. Most studies have found an aggravating effect of HFD on brain Aβ pathology, whereas tau pathology has been much less studied, and results are more equivocal. While most reports show HFD-induced impairment on cognitive behavior, confounding factors may blur their interpretation. In summary, despite conflicting results, exposing rodents to diets highly enriched in saturated fat induces not only metabolic defects, but also cognitive impairment often accompanied by aggravated neuropathological markers, most notably Aβ burden. Although there are important variations between methods, particularly the lack of diet characterization, these studies collectively suggest that excessive intake of saturated fat should be avoided in order to lower the incidence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Valentin-Escalera
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
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14
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Huang S. Efficient analysis of toxicity and mechanisms of environmental pollutants with network toxicology and molecular docking strategy: Acetyl tributyl citrate as an example. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167904. [PMID: 37858827 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to promote network toxicology strategy to efficiently investigate the putative toxicity and underlying molecular mechanisms of environmental pollutants through an example of exploring brain injury induced by ATBC exposure. By utilizing ChEMBL, STITCH, GeneCards, and OMIM databases, we identified 213 potential targets associated with ATBC exposure and brain injury. Further refinements via STRING and Cytoscape software highlight 23 core targets, including AKT1, CASP3, and HSP90AA1. GO and KEGG pathway analysis conducted through DAVID and FUMA databases reveal that core targets of ATBC-induced brain toxicity are predominantly enriched in cancer signaling and neuroactive ligand receptor interaction pathways. Molecular docking was performed with Autodock, which confirmed robust binding between ATBC and core targets. Together, these findings suggest that ATBC may impact the occurrence and development of brain cancer and brain related inflammation, whereas pose risks for cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, by modulating the apoptosis and proliferation of brain cancer cells, activating inflammatory signaling pathways, and regulating neuroplasticity. This research provides a theoretical basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of ATBC-induced brain toxicity, as well as establishing a foundation for the prevention and treatment of prostatic diseases associated with exposure to plastic products containing ATBC and certain ATBC-overwhelmed environments. Moreover, our network toxicology approach also expedites the elucidation of toxicity pathways for uncharacterized environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Huang
- West China School Of Public Health, West China Medical Center, Sichuan University, China.
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15
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Guo J, Sun J, Liu D, Liu J, Gui L, Luo M, Kong D, Wusiman S, Yang C, Liu T, Yuan Z, Li R. Developing a Two-Photon "AND" Logic Probe and Its Application in Alzheimer's Disease Differentiation. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16868-16876. [PMID: 37947381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, hypochlorous acid involved in the clearance of invading bacteria or pathogens and butyrylcholinesterase engaged in the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine are relatively significantly altered. However, there are few dual detection probes for hypochlorous acid and butyrylcholinesterase. In addition, single-response probes suffer from serious off-target effects and near-infrared probes do not easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier due to their excessive molecular weight. In this work, we constructed a two-photon fluorescent probe that recognizes hypochlorous acid and butyrylcholinesterase based on a dual-lock strategy. The thiocarbonyl group is oxidized in the presence of hypochlorous acid, and the hydrolysis occurs at the 7-position ester bond in the existence of butyrylcholinesterase, releasing a strongly fluorescent fluorophore, 4-methylumbelliferone. Excellent imaging was performed in PC12 cells using this probe, and deep two-photon imaging was observed in the brains of AD mice after tail vein injection with this probe. It indicates that the probe can provide a promising tool for the more precise diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Donghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 55004, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lijuan Gui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sainaiwaiergul Wusiman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 55004, China
| | - Zhenwei Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
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16
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Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Pignatelli J, Nuñez A, Torres Aleman I. The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor I in Mechanisms of Resilience and Vulnerability to Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16440. [PMID: 38003628 PMCID: PMC10671249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of intense research, disease-modifying therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still very much needed. Apart from the extensively analyzed tau and amyloid pathological cascades, two promising avenues of research that may eventually identify new druggable targets for AD are based on a better understanding of the mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability to this condition. We argue that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) activity in the brain provides a common substrate for the mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability to AD. We postulate that preserved brain IGF-I activity contributes to resilience to AD pathology as this growth factor intervenes in all the major pathological cascades considered to be involved in AD, including metabolic impairment, altered proteostasis, and inflammation, to name the three that are considered to be the most important ones. Conversely, disturbed IGF-I activity is found in many AD risk factors, such as old age, type 2 diabetes, imbalanced diet, sedentary life, sociality, stroke, stress, and low education, whereas the Apolipoprotein (Apo) E4 genotype and traumatic brain injury may also be influenced by brain IGF-I activity. Accordingly, IGF-I activity should be taken into consideration when analyzing these processes, while its preservation will predictably help prevent the progress of AD pathology. Thus, we need to define IGF-I activity in all these conditions and develop a means to preserve it. However, defining brain IGF-I activity cannot be solely based on humoral or tissue levels of this neurotrophic factor, and new functionally based assessments need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Zegarra-Valdivia
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- School of Medicine, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo 14000, Peru
| | - Jaime Pignatelli
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Cajal Institute (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Nuñez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Torres Aleman
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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17
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Albuhadily AK, Al-Gareeb AI, Rafeeq MF. The link between metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer disease: A mutual relationship and long rigorous investigation. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102084. [PMID: 37802319 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been illustrated that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology. Components of MetS including central obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia adversely affect the pathogenesis of AD by different mechanisms including activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), inflammatory signaling pathways, neuroinflammation, brain IR, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. MetS exacerbates AD neuropathology, and targeting of molecular pathways in MetS by pharmacological approach could a novel therapeutic strategy in the management of AD in high risk group. However, the underlying mechanisms of these pathways in AD neuropathology are not completely clarified. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the association between MetS and AD regarding the oxidative and inflammatory mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydar M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Applied science, University of technology, Iraq.
| | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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18
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Nowell J, Blunt E, Gupta D, Edison P. Antidiabetic agents as a novel treatment for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101979. [PMID: 37328112 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders have commonly targeted individual aspects of the disease pathogenesis to little success. Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), are characterized by several pathological features. In AD and PD, there is an abnormal accumulation of toxic proteins, increased inflammation, decreased synaptic function, neuronal loss, increased astrocyte activation, and perhaps a state of insulin resistance. Epidemiological evidence has revealed a link between AD/PD and type 2 diabetes mellitus, with these disorders sharing some pathological commonalities. Such a link has opened up a promising avenue for repurposing antidiabetic agents in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. A successful therapeutic strategy for AD/PD would likely require a single or several agents which target the separate pathological processes in the disease. Targeting cerebral insulin signalling produces numerous neuroprotective effects in preclinical AD/PD brain models. Clinical trials have shown the promise of approved diabetic compounds in improving motor symptoms of PD and preventing neurodegenerative decline, with numerous further phase II trials and phase III trials underway in AD and PD populations. Alongside insulin signalling, targeting incretin receptors in the brain represents one of the most promising strategies for repurposing currently available agents for the treatment of AD/PD. Most notably, glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have displayed impressive clinical potential in preclinical and early clinical studies. In AD the GLP-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, has been demonstrated to improve cerebral glucose metabolism and functional connectivity in small-scale pilot trials. Whilst in PD, the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide is effective in restoring motor function and cognition. Targeting brain incretin receptors reduces inflammation, inhibits apoptosis, prevents toxic protein aggregation, enhances long-term potentiation and autophagy as well as restores dysfunctional insulin signalling. Support is also increasing for the use of additional approved diabetic treatments, including intranasal insulin, metformin hydrochloride, peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor γ agonists, amylin analogs, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors which are in the investigation for deployment in PD and AD treatment. As such, we provide a comprehensive review of several promising anti-diabetic agents for the treatment of AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Nowell
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eleanor Blunt
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dhruv Gupta
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Edison
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK; School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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19
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Kim AB, Arvanitakis Z. Insulin resistance, cognition, and Alzheimer disease. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1486-1498. [PMID: 37203336 PMCID: PMC10421533 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases of aging are increasingly common. Dementia, often due to multiple etiologies including Alzheimer disease (AD), is at the forefront. Previous studies have reported higher rates of dementia among persons with diabetes, yet less is known about how insulin resistance relates to cognition. This article reviews recently published data on the relationship of insulin resistance to cognition and AD, and remaining knowledge gaps in the field are discussed. A structured review of studies was conducted over a 5-year period, investigating insulin and cognitive function in adults with a baseline mean age of ≥65 years. This search yielded 146 articles, of which 26 met the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among the nine studies that specifically examined insulin resistance and cognitive dysfunction and/or decline, eight studies suggest an association, but some only in subanalyses. Results are mixed in studies relating insulin to structural and functional changes on brain imaging, and data on intranasal insulin for cognition remain unclear. Future avenues are proposed to elucidate the impact of insulin resistance on brain structure and function, including cognition, in persons with and without AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne B Kim
- Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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20
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Yang YY, Ren YT, Jia MY, Bai CY, Liang XT, Gao HL, Zhong ML, Wang T, Guo C. The human islet amyloid polypeptide reduces hippocampal tauopathy and behavioral impairments in P301S mice without inducing neurotoxicity or seeding amyloid aggregation. Exp Neurol 2023; 362:114346. [PMID: 36750170 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that human islet amyloid polypeptide (h-IAPP) accumulates in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and may interact with Aβ or microtubule associated protein tau to associate with the neurodegenerative process. Increasing evidence indicates a potential protective effect of h-IAPP against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in AD mouse models. However, a direct therapeutic effect of h-IAPP supplementation on tauopathy has not been established. Here, we found that long-term h-IAPP treatment attenuated tau hyperphosphorylation levels and induced neuroinflammation and oxidative damage, prevented synaptic loss and neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus, and alleviated behavioral deficits in P301S transgenic mice (a mouse model of tauopathy). Restoration of insulin sensitization, glucose/energy metabolism, and activated BDNF signaling also contributed to the underlying mechanisms. These findings suggest that seemly h-IAPP has promise for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders with tauopathy, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; Liaoning Cheng Da Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenyang 110179, China
| | - Yan-Tao Ren
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Meng-Yu Jia
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Chen-Yang Bai
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Xiu-Ting Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Hui-Ling Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Man-Li Zhong
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Chuang Guo
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
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21
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alsayegh AA, Hakami ZH, Khamjan NA, Saad HM, Batiha GES, De Waard M. A Potential Link Between Visceral Obesity and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:745-766. [PMID: 36409447 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and tau-neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Visceral obesity (VO) is usually associated with low-grade inflammation due to higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by adipose tissue. The objective of the present review was to evaluate the potential link between VO and the development of AD. Tissue hypoxia in obesity promotes tissue injury, production of adipocytokines, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to an oxidative-inflammatory loop with induction of insulin resistance. Importantly, brain insulin signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of AD and lower cognitive function. Obesity and enlargement of visceral adipose tissue are associated with the deposition of Aβ. All of this is consonant with VO increasing the risk of AD through the dysregulation of adipocytokines which affect the development of AD. The activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in VO might be a potential link in the development of AD. Likewise, the higher concentration of advanced glycation end-products in VO could be implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Taken together, different inflammatory signaling pathways are activated in VO that all have a negative impact on the cognitive function and progression of AD except hypoxia-inducible factor 1 which has beneficial and neuroprotective effects in mitigating the progression of AD. In addition, VO-mediated hypoadiponectinemia and leptin resistance may promote the progression of Aβ formation and tau phosphorylation with the development of AD. In conclusion, VO-induced AD is mainly mediated through the induction of oxidative stress, inflammatory changes, leptin resistance, and hypoadiponectinemia that collectively trigger Aβ formation and neuroinflammation. Thus, early recognition of VO by visceral adiposity index with appropriate management could be a preventive measure against the development of AD in patients with VO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Abdulrahman A Alsayegh
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Applied Medical Sciences College, Jazan University, Jazan, 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaki H Hakami
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department Applied Medical Sciences College, Jazan University, Jazan, 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizar A Khamjan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh, 51744, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
| | - Michel De Waard
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, 38120, Saint-Egrève, France.,L'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, 44007, Nantes, France.,LabEx «Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics», Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06560, Valbonne, France
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22
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Cullinane PW, de Pablo Fernandez E, König A, Outeiro TF, Jaunmuktane Z, Warner TT. Type 2 Diabetes and Parkinson's Disease: A Focused Review of Current Concepts. Mov Disord 2023; 38:162-177. [PMID: 36567671 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly reproducible epidemiological evidence shows that type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases the risk and rate of progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), and crucially, the repurposing of certain antidiabetic medications for the treatment of PD has shown early promise in clinical trials, suggesting that the effects of T2D on PD pathogenesis may be modifiable. The high prevalence of T2D means that a significant proportion of patients with PD may benefit from personalized antidiabetic treatment approaches that also confer neuroprotective benefits. Therefore, there is an immediate need to better understand the mechanistic relation between these conditions and the specific molecular pathways affected by T2D in the brain. Although there is considerable evidence that processes such as insulin signaling, mitochondrial function, autophagy, and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of both PD and T2D, the primary aim of this review is to highlight the evidence showing that T2D-associated dysregulation of these pathways occurs not only in the periphery but also in the brain and how this may facilitate neurodegeneration in PD. We also discuss the challenges involved in disentangling the complex relationship between T2D, insulin resistance, and PD, as well as important questions for further research. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Cullinane
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies and Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo de Pablo Fernandez
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies and Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annekatrin König
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Scientific Employee with an Honorary Contract at Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies and Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Queen Square Movement Disorders Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas T Warner
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies and Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Queen Square Movement Disorders Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Shang X, Hill E, Liu J, Zhu Z, Ge Z, Wang W, He M. Association of type 1 diabetes and age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes with brain volume and risk of dementia in the UK Biobank: A prospective cohort study of community-dwelling participants. Diabet Med 2023; 40:e14966. [PMID: 36177651 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the association of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with brain structure and incident dementia. METHODS Our analysis was based on the UK Biobank. We included 1376 participants with diabetes and 2752 randomly selected controls for brain volume analysis, and 25,141 participants with diabetes and 50,282 randomly selected controls for dementia analysis. Brain volume was measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Dementia was identified using hospital inpatient records and mortality register data until January 2021. RESULTS T2D diagnosed at a younger age was associated with larger reductions in brain volume. After adjustment for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and other covariates, only T2D diagnosed <50 years was associated with smaller total brain volume (β (95% CI): -14.56 (-24.67, -4.44) ml), and grey (-6.47[-12.75, -0.20] ml) and white matter volumes (-8.08[-14.66, -1.51] ml). Corresponding numbers for total brain, grey matter and white matter volumes associated with T1D were -62.86 (-93.71,-32.01), -34.27 (-53.72, -14.83), and -28.59 (-47.65, -9.52) ml, respectively. During a median follow-up of 11.9 years, 2035 new dementia cases were identified. Younger age at diagnosis of T2D was associated with larger excessive risk of dementia, whereas T2D diagnosed <50 years was associated with the largest hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI: 2.03[1.53-2.69]) in the multivariable analysis. The HR (95% CI) for dementia associated with T1D was 2.08 (1.40-3.09). CONCLUSION Individuals with T1D or T2D diagnosed at younger age are at larger excessive risk of brain volume reduction and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Edward Hill
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongyuan Ge
- Monash e-Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Airdoc Research, Nvidia AI Technology Research Center, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingguang He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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24
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Leclerc M, Bourassa P, Tremblay C, Caron V, Sugère C, Emond V, Bennett DA, Calon F. Cerebrovascular insulin receptors are defective in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2023; 146:75-90. [PMID: 36280236 PMCID: PMC9897197 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Central response to insulin is suspected to be defective in Alzheimer's disease. As most insulin is secreted in the bloodstream by the pancreas, its capacity to regulate brain functions must, at least partly, be mediated through the cerebral vasculature. However, how insulin interacts with the blood-brain barrier and whether alterations of this interaction could contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology both remain poorly defined. Here, we show that human and murine cerebral insulin receptors (INSRs), particularly the long isoform INSRα-B, are concentrated in microvessels rather than in the parenchyma. Vascular concentrations of INSRα-B were lower in the parietal cortex of subjects diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, positively correlating with cognitive scores, leading to a shift towards a higher INSRα-A/B ratio, consistent with cerebrovascular insulin resistance in the Alzheimer's disease brain. Vascular INSRα was inversely correlated with amyloid-β plaques and β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, but positively correlated with insulin-degrading enzyme, neprilysin and P-glycoprotein. Using brain cerebral intracarotid perfusion, we found that the transport rate of insulin across the blood-brain barrier remained very low (<0.03 µl/g·s) and was not inhibited by an insulin receptor antagonist. However, intracarotid perfusion of insulin induced the phosphorylation of INSRβ that was restricted to microvessels. Such an activation of vascular insulin receptor was blunted in 3xTg-AD mice, suggesting that Alzheimer's disease neuropathology induces insulin resistance at the level of the blood-brain barrier. Overall, the present data in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brains and an animal model of Alzheimer's disease indicate that defects in the insulin receptor localized at the blood-brain barrier strongly contribute to brain insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease, in association with β-amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Philippe Bourassa
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Vicky Caron
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Camille Sugère
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Vincent Emond
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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25
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Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Butler AE, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Brain insulin signaling and cognition: Possible links. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:237-249. [PMID: 36998706 PMCID: PMC10043452 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-5841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Poor cognitive ability is a consequence of a wide variety of neurobehavioral disorders and is a growing health problem, especially among the elderly and patients with diabetes. The precise underlying cause of this complication is not well-defined. However, recent studies have highlighted the possible role of insulin hormone signaling in brain tissue. Insulin is a metabolic peptide integral to whole body energy homeostasis; it does, however, have extrametabolic impacts, such as upon neuronal circuits. Therefore, it has been suggested that insulin signaling may modify cognitive ability by yet unknown pathways. In the current review, we discuss the cognitive role of brain insulin signaling and consider the possible links between brain insulin signaling and cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Habib Yaribeygi, Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran, E-mail:
| | - Mina Maleki
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Bahrain, PO Box 15503, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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26
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Beadell AV, Zhang Z, Capuano AW, Bennett DA, He C, Zhang W, Arvanitakis Z. Genome-Wide Mapping Implicates 5-Hydroxymethylcytosines in Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:1135-1151. [PMID: 37182870 PMCID: PMC10490934 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a recognized risk factor for dementia. Because DM is a potentially modifiable condition, greater understanding of the mechanisms linking DM to the clinical expression of Alzheimer's disease dementia may provide insights into much needed dementia therapeutics. OBJECTIVE In this feasibility study, we investigated DM as a dementia risk factor by examining genome-wide distributions of the epigenetic DNA modification 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). METHODS We obtained biologic samples from the Rush Memory and Aging Project and used the highly sensitive 5hmC-Seal technique to perform genome-wide profiling of 5hmC in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from antemortem serum samples and in genomic DNA from postmortem prefrontal cortex brain tissue from 80 individuals across four groups: Alzheimer's disease neuropathologically defined (AD), DM clinically defined, AD with DM, and individuals with neither disease (controls). RESULTS Distinct 5hmC signatures and biological pathways were enriched in persons with both AD and DM versus AD alone, DM alone, or controls, including genes inhibited by EGFR signaling in oligodendroglia and those activated by constitutive RHOA. We also demonstrate the potential diagnostic value of 5hmC profiling in circulating cfDNA. Specifically, an 11-gene weighted model distinguished AD from non-AD/non-DM controls (AUC = 91.8%; 95% CI, 82.9-100.0%), while a 4-gene model distinguished DM-associated AD from AD alone (AUC = 87.9%; 95% CI, 77.5-98.3%). CONCLUSION We demonstrate in this small sample, the feasibility of detecting and characterizing 5hmC in DM-associated AD and of using 5hmC information contained in circulating cfDNA to detect AD in high-risk individuals, such as those with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana V Beadell
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana W Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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27
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Agarwal P, Ford CN, Leurgans SE, Beck T, Desai P, Dhana K, Evans DA, Halloway S, Holland TM, Krueger KR, Liu X, Rajan KB, Bennett DA. Dietary Sugar Intake Associated with a Higher Risk of Dementia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:1417-1425. [PMID: 37694364 PMCID: PMC10921393 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have limited evidence for the relationship of high sugar intake with dementia risk. OBJECTIVE To determine whether high sugar intake is associated with an increased risk of dementia in community-dwelling older adultsMethods:This study included 789 participants of the Rush Memory and Aging Project (community-based longitudinal cohort study of older adults free of known dementia at enrollment), with annual clinical assessments and complete nutrient data (obtained by validated food frequency questionnaire). Clinical diagnosis of dementia is based on the criteria of the joint working group of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association. We used Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS 118 participants developed dementia during 7.3±3.8 years of follow-up. Those in the highest quintile of total sugar intake were twice as likely to develop dementia than those in the lowest quintile (Q5 versus Q1:HR=2.10 (95% CI: 1.05, 4.19) when adjusted for age, sex, education, APOEɛ4 allele, calories from sources other than sugar, physical activity, and diet score. Higher percent calories from sugar were positively associated with dementia risk (β=0.042, p = 0.0009). In exploratory analyses, the highest versus lowest quintile of fructose and sucrose in the diet had higher dementia risk by 2.8 (95% CI: 1.38, 5.67) and 1.93 (95% CI: 1.05, 3.54) times, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A higher intake of total sugar or total calories from sugar is associated with increased dementia risk in older adults. Among simple sugars, fructose (e.g., sweetened beverages, snacks, packaged desserts) and sucrose (table sugar in juices, desserts, candies, and commercial cereals) are associated with higher dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Agarwal
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher N. Ford
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (Section of Community Epidemiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sue E. Leurgans
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Todd Beck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (Section of Community Epidemiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pankaja Desai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (Section of Community Epidemiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Klodian Dhana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (Section of Community Epidemiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Denis A. Evans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (Section of Community Epidemiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shannon Halloway
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas M. Holland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (Section of Community Epidemiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristin R. Krueger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (Section of Community Epidemiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (Section of Community Epidemiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kumar Bharat Rajan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (Section of Community Epidemiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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28
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Malin SK, Stewart NR, Ude AA, Alderman BL. Brain insulin resistance and cognitive function: influence of exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:1368-1380. [PMID: 36269295 PMCID: PMC9744647 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00375.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has systemic health benefits in people, in part, through improving whole body insulin sensitivity. The brain is an insulin-sensitive organ that is often underdiscussed relative to skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. Although brain insulin action may have only subtle impacts on peripheral regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis, it is important for weight regulation as well as mental health. In fact, brain insulin signaling is also involved in processes that support healthy cognition. Furthermore, brain insulin resistance has been associated with age-related declines in memory and executive function as well as Alzheimer's disease pathology. Herein, we provide an overview of brain insulin sensitivity in relation to cognitive function from animal and human studies, with particular emphasis placed on the impact exercise may have on brain insulin sensitivity. Mechanisms discussed include mitochondrial function, brain growth factors, and neurogenesis, which collectively help combat obesity-related metabolic disease and Alzheimer's dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Malin
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Nathan R Stewart
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Andrew A Ude
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Brandon L Alderman
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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29
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Bayram P, Billur D, Kizil S, Caliskan H, Can B. Alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis and hippocampal insulin signaling pathway in rat with metabolic syndrome. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1308-1316. [PMID: 36474571 PMCID: PMC9699955 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.64917.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the level of hippocampal neurogenesis, and assess learning and anxiety and the level of some proteins involving insulin signaling pathways in rats with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS); and to reveal the relationship among them. MATERIALS AND METHODS Totally, 30 Wistar-albino rats were used. The rats were divided into three groups: Control, MetS, and MetS+Ins. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate the levels of neurogenesis markers; Doublecortin (DCX), Neuronal-Differentiation-1 (NeuroD1), Ki67, and Neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN). Then, cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL labeling were performed to detect the level of apoptosis. Additionally, behavior tests were performed to evaluate the learning-memory levels and anxiety-like behaviors. Insulin, Insulin Receptor (IR), Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS2), glucose transporter (GLUT)-3, and GLUT4 protein expression levels were analyzed to evaluate the possible changes in the insulin signaling pathway. RESULTS An increase in anxiety with memory deficiency was observed in MetS. In the hippocampus of MetS, an increase was detected in the level of apoptosis, whereas a decrease was detected in the expression level of the neurogenesis marker. Insulin secretion and IR levels decreased in hippocampal neurons. We observed that GLUT3 and GLUT4 levels increased because of the non-activated insulin signaling pathway. CONCLUSION We think that the insulin signaling pathway may have an effect on the decreased neurogenesis in the MetS group. So, the evaluation of the Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the investigation of the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress on this pathway will be among the targets of our future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Bayram
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kars, Turkey,Corresponding author: Pınar Bayram. Kafkas University, Medical Faculty, Department of Histology and Embryology, 36100, Kars, Turkey. Tel: +905439189849;
| | - Deniz Billur
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sule Kizil
- Lokman Hekim University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Caliskan
- Balıkesir University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Belgin Can
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey
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30
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Marcinnò A, Gallo E, Roveta F, Boschi S, Grassini A, Rainero I, Rubino E. Decreased resistin plasmatic concentrations in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A case-control study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11738. [PMID: 36439765 PMCID: PMC9694389 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested a role for adipokines in ageing and in several age-related diseases. The purpose of our study was to further elucidate adipokines involvement in neurodegeneration, investigating adiponectin, leptin and resistin in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). We enrolled for the study 70 subjects: 26 AD, 21 FTD, and 23 with other neurological (but not neurodegenerative) conditions (CTR, control group). According to a standardized protocol, we measured adipokines plasmatic levels, blood parameters of glucidic and lipidic metabolism, ESR, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of neurodegeneration (beta-amyloid, total-Tau, phosphorylated-Tau) and anthropometric parameters. In comparison with control group, we found lower resistin concentrations in patients with dementia, and in particular in AD (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, AD relative risk was reduced by resistin, when controlling for sex, age and anthropometric/metabolic parameters (RR = 0.71, P < 0.0001). Considering CSF biomarkers, we found a direct correlation between resistin and Aβ1-42 CSF concentration in patients (p < 0.001, r = 0.50). Lower resistin characterized AD patients in our study and AD, but not FTD, diagnosis risk was found to be inversely associated with resistin when controlling for confounders. We hypothesize that resistin-linked metabolic profile has to be reconsidered and further investigated in AD. Adipose tissue has an endocrine function, releasing polypeptide hormones, the adipokines. Impairment of adipokines circulating levels has been shown in neurodegenerative dementias. We found lower resistin levels in Alzheimer's disease patients compared to control group. Resistin plasmatic levels correlated with liquoral amyloid β1-42 concentrations in dementia patients. Resistin could interact with amyloid β1-42 secretion and have a role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
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31
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Conte F, Paci P. Alzheimer's disease: insights from a network medicine perspective. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16846. [PMID: 36207441 PMCID: PMC9546925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that currently lacks available effective therapy. Thus, identifying novel molecular biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of AD is urgently demanded. In this study, we exploited tools and concepts of the emerging research area of Network Medicine to unveil a novel putative disease gene signature associated with AD. We proposed a new pipeline, which combines the strengths of two consolidated algorithms of the Network Medicine: DIseAse MOdule Detection (DIAMOnD), designed to predict new disease-associated genes within the human interactome network; and SWItch Miner (SWIM), designed to predict important (switch) genes within the co-expression network. Our integrated computational analysis allowed us to enlarge the set of the known disease genes associated to AD with additional 14 genes that may be proposed as new potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Conte
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Paci
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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32
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Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) as a potential therapeutic target for neurological disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113709. [PMID: 36126456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a typical member of the PTP family, considered a direct negative regulator of several receptor and receptor-associated tyrosine kinases. This widely localized enzyme has been involved in the pathophysiology of several diseases. More recently, PTP1B has attracted attention in the field of neuroscience, since its activation in brain cells can lead to schizophrenia-like behaviour deficits, anxiety-like effects, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and depression. Conversely, PTP1B inhibition has been shown to prevent microglial activation, thus exerting a potent anti-inflammatory effect and has also shown potential to increase the cognitive process through the stimulation of hippocampal insulin, leptin and BDNF/TrkB receptors. Notwithstanding, most research on the clinical efficacy of targeting PTP1B has been developed in the field of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (TD2M). However, despite the link existing between these metabolic alterations and neurodegeneration, no clinical trials assessing the neurological advantages of PTP1B inhibition have been performed yet. Preclinical studies, though, have provided strong evidence that targeting PTP1B could allow to reach different pathophysiological mechanisms at once. herefore, specific interventions or trials should be designed to modulate PTP1B activity in brain, since it is a promising strategy to decelerate or prevent neurodegeneration in aged individuals, among other neurological diseases. The present paper fails to include all neurological conditions in which PTP1B could have a role; instead, it focuses on those which have been related to metabolic alterations and neurodegenerative processes. Moreover, only preclinical data is discussed, since clinical studies on the potential of PTP1B inhibition for treating neurological diseases are still required.
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33
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Wu X, Zheng X, Tang H, Zhao L, He C, Zou Y, Song X, Li L, Yin Z, Ye G. A network pharmacology approach to identify the mechanisms and molecular targets of curcumin against Alzheimer disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30194. [PMID: 36042609 PMCID: PMC9410577 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease, which may lead to severe memory loss and other cognitive disorders. However, few effective drugs are available in the clinic at present. Curcumin, a major ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine, Curcuma Longa, has various pharmacological activities. Therefore, exploring clinical drugs based on the inhibition of AD pathological features is imperative. METHODS First, we utilized the HERB database and Swisstarget Prediction database to get the related targets of curcumin and intersected with the AD targets. The intersection targets were used to construct the protein-protein interaction network and performed gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analyses. Further, we obtained targets of curcumin against AD-related tau and aβ pathology via the AlzData database. These targets were applied to perform GEO and receiver operating characteristic analyses. Finally, the reliability of the core targets was evaluated using molecular docking technology. RESULTS We identified 49 targets of curcumin against AD, and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the Alzheimer disease pathway (has05010) was significantly enriched. Even more, we obtained 16 targets of curcumin-related Aβ and tau pathology. Among these targets, 8 targets involved the Alzheimer disease pathway and the biological process analyses showed that positive regulation of cytokine production (GO:0001819) was significantly enriched. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that HMOX1, CSF1R, NFKB1, GSK3B, BACE1, AR, or PTGS1 expression was significantly different compared to the control group in the AD patients. Finally, molecular docking studies suggested these genes have a good binding force with curcumin. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified curcumin exerted the effect of treating AD by regulating multitargets and multichannels through the method of network pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Ye, PhD, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, China (e-mail: )
| | - Xiaomei Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Ye, PhD, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, China (e-mail: )
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, China
| | - Changliang He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixia Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, China
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34
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Zhang Q, Jin K, Chen B, Liu R, Cheng S, Zhang Y, Lu J. Overnutrition Induced Cognitive Impairment: Insulin Resistance, Gut-Brain Axis, and Neuroinflammation. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:884579. [PMID: 35873818 PMCID: PMC9298971 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.884579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Overnutrition-related obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and its prevalence is expected to steadily rise in the future. It is widely recognized that obesity exerts negative impacts on metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases. However, relatively fewer reports exist on the impairment of brain structure and function, in the form of memory and executive dysfunction, as well as neurogenerative diseases. Emerging evidence indicates that besides obesity, overnutrition diets independently induce cognitive impairments via multiple mechanisms. In this study, we reviewed the clinical and preclinical literature about the detrimental effects of obesity or high-nutrition diets on cognitive performance and cerebral structure. We mainly focused on the role of brain insulin resistance (IR), microbiota-gut-brain axis, and neuroinflammation. We concluded that before the onset of obesity, short-term exposure to high-nutrition diets already blunted central responses to insulin, altered gut microbiome composition, and activated inflammatory mediators. Overnutrition is linked with the changes in protein expression in brain insulin signaling, leading to pathological features in the brain. Microbiome alteration, bacterial endotoxin release, and gut barrier hyperpermeability also occur to trigger mental and neuronal diseases. In addition, obesity or high-nutrition diets cause chronic and low-grade systematic inflammation, which eventually spreads from the peripheral tissue to the central nervous system (CNS). Altogether, a large number of unknown but potential routes interact and contribute to obesity or diet-induced cognitive impairment. The challenge for future research is to identify effective interventions involving dietary shifts and personalized therapy targeting the underlying mechanisms to prevent and improve cognition deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangyu Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ripeng Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shangping Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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35
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Martini AC, Gross TJ, Head E, Mapstone M. Beyond amyloid: Immune, cerebrovascular, and metabolic contributions to Alzheimer disease in people with Down syndrome. Neuron 2022; 110:2063-2079. [PMID: 35472307 PMCID: PMC9262826 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
People with Down syndrome (DS) have increased risk of Alzheimer disease (AD), presumably conferred through genetic predispositions arising from trisomy 21. These predispositions necessarily include triplication of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), but also other Ch21 genes that confer risk directly or through interactions with genes on other chromosomes. We discuss evidence that multiple genes on chromosome 21 are associated with metabolic dysfunction in DS. The resulting dysregulated pathways involve the immune system, leading to chronic inflammation; the cerebrovascular system, leading to disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB); and cellular energy metabolism, promoting increased oxidative stress. In combination, these disruptions may produce a precarious biological milieu that, in the presence of accumulating amyloid, drives the pathophysiological cascade of AD in people with DS. Critically, mechanistic drivers of this dysfunction may be targetable in future clinical trials of pharmaceutical and/or lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra C Martini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Thomas J Gross
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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36
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Tadevosyan NE, Khachunts AS, Gohargani M, Sahakyan AA, Tumanyan AA. Voluntary Attention and Quality of Life in Patients With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Differences in Changes Depending on Disease Type and Duration. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Yang JJ. Brain insulin resistance and the therapeutic value of insulin and insulin-sensitizing drugs in Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Acta Neurol Belg 2022; 122:1135-1142. [PMID: 35482277 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-01907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is significantly higher in people with diabetes. Insulin and insulin receptor (IR) signaling intermediates are expressed in the brain. Insulin exerts multiple function in the brain. The role of compromised IR signaling in AD pathogenesis and the therapeutic value of insulin attract broad attention. This review summarizes the collective insulin action in the brain related to key factors of AD pathogenesis, updates the key features of insulin resistance in the AD brain and assesses the therapeutic potential of insulin and insulin-sensitizing drugs. Insulin stimulates neural growth and survival, suppresses amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (AβPP) and inhibits the Tau phosphorylation kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3β. Central nervous IR signaling regulates systemic metabolism and increases glucose availability to neurons. The expression of IR and its downstream effectors is reduced in AD brain tissues. Insulin and insulin-sensitizing drugs can improve cognitive function in AD patients and AD animal models. Systemic insulin delivery is less effective than intranasal insulin treatment. The penetrance of insulin-sensitizing drugs to the blood brain barrier is problematic and new brain-prone drugs need be developed. Insulin resistance manifested by the degradation and the altered phosphorylation of IR intermediates precedes overt AD syndrome. Type 3 diabetes as a pure form of brain insulin resistance without systemic insulin resistance is proposed as a causal factor in AD. Further research is needed for the identification of critical factors leading to impaired IR signaling and the development of new molecules to stimulate brain IR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Yang
- Marriotts Ridge High School, 12100 Woodford Dr, Marriottsville, MD, 21104, USA.
- , 3060 Seneca Chief Trail, Ellicott City, MD, 21042, USA.
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38
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Mietelska-Porowska A, Domańska J, Want A, Więckowska-Gacek A, Chutorański D, Koperski M, Wojda U. Induction of Brain Insulin Resistance and Alzheimer's Molecular Changes by Western Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094744. [PMID: 35563135 PMCID: PMC9102094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The term Western diet (WD) describes the consumption of large amounts of highly processed foods, rich in simple sugars and saturated fats. Long-term WD feeding leads to insulin resistance, postulated as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is the main cause of progressive dementia characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles consisting of the hyperphosphorylated tau (p-Tau) protein in the brain, starting from the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampus. In this study, we report that WD-derived impairment in insulin signaling induces tau and Aβ brain pathology in wild-type C57BL/6 mice, and that the entorhinal cortex is more sensitive than the hippocampus to the impairment of brain insulin signaling. In the brain areas developing WD-induced insulin resistance, we observed changes in p-Tau(Thr231) localization in neuronal subcellular compartments, indicating progressive tauopathy, and a decrease in amyloid precursor protein levels correlating with the appearance of Aβ peptides. These results suggest that WD promotes the development of AD and may be considered not only a risk factor, but also a modifiable trigger of AD.
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39
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Brain Metabolic Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073785. [PMID: 35409145 PMCID: PMC8998942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is one of the most energy-consuming organs in the body. Satisfying such energy demand requires compartmentalized, cell-specific metabolic processes, known to be complementary and intimately coupled. Thus, the brain relies on thoroughly orchestrated energy-obtaining agents, processes and molecular features, such as the neurovascular unit, the astrocyte-neuron metabolic coupling, and the cellular distribution of energy substrate transporters. Importantly, early features of the aging process are determined by the progressive perturbation of certain processes responsible for adequate brain energy supply, resulting in brain hypometabolism. These age-related brain energy alterations are further worsened during the prodromal stages of neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer's disease (AD), preceding the onset of clinical symptoms, and are anatomically and functionally associated with the loss of cognitive abilities. Here, we focus on concrete neuroenergetic features such as the brain's fueling by glucose and lactate, the transporters and vascular system guaranteeing its supply, and the metabolic interactions between astrocytes and neurons, and on its neurodegenerative-related disruption. We sought to review the principles underlying the metabolic dimension of healthy and AD brains, and suggest that the integration of these concepts in the preventive, diagnostic and treatment strategies for AD is key to improving the precision of these interventions.
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40
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Xu P, Xu L, Huang S, Li D, Liu Y, Guo H, Dai N, Hong Z, Zhong S. Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism of Punicalagin in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease by Computer-Aided Drug Research Technology. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:6121-6132. [PMID: 35224375 PMCID: PMC8867547 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to explore the effect and potential mechanism of Punicalagin (Pun) in managing Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on computer-aided drug technology. The following methods were used: the intersection genes of Pun and AD were retrieved from the database and subjected to PPI analysis, GO, and KEGG enrichment analyses. Preliminary verification was performed by molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and combined free energy calculation. The motor coordination and balance ability, anxiety degree, spatial learning, and memory ability of mice were measured by a rotating rod fatigue instrument, elevated cross maze, and Y maze, respectively. The amyloid β protein (Aβ) in the hippocampus was examined by immunohistochemistry, and the phosphorylation of serine at position 404 of the tau protein (Tau-pS404) was examined by western blot in the mouse brain. The PPI network of Pun showed that the intersection genes were closely related and enriched in muscle cell proliferation and the response to lipopolysaccharide. Results of molecular docking, MD simulations, and MM-GBSA demonstrated that Pun was closely bound to the target protein. Pun could improve the cognitive function of AD mice, as well as reduce Aβ1-42 deposition and Tau phosphorylation in the brain (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). It can be concluded that Pun holds great promise in improving the cognitive function of AD mice. Mechanistically, Pun potentially acts on ALB, AKT1, SRC, EGFR, CASP3, and IGF-1 targets and mediates proteoglycan, lipid, and atherosclerosis in cancer, so as to reduce the accumulation of neurotoxic proteins in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Wannan
Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing
Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | | | - Danfeng Li
- Wannan
Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | | | | | - Niuniu Dai
- Wannan
Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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41
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Austad SN, Ballinger S, Buford TW, Carter CS, Smith DL, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J. Targeting whole body metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics in the drug development for Alzheimer's disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:511-531. [PMID: 35256932 PMCID: PMC8897048 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is by far the most prominent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and both aging and AD are associated with apparent metabolic alterations. As developing effective therapeutic interventions to treat AD is clearly in urgent need, the impact of modulating whole-body and intracellular metabolism in preclinical models and in human patients, on disease pathogenesis, have been explored. There is also an increasing awareness of differential risk and potential targeting strategies related to biological sex, microbiome, and circadian regulation. As a major part of intracellular metabolism, mitochondrial bioenergetics, mitochondrial quality-control mechanisms, and mitochondria-linked inflammatory responses have been considered for AD therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes and highlights these efforts.
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Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- ADRD, AD-related dementias
- Aβ, amyloid β
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- Circadian regulation
- DAMPs
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- Diabetes
- ER, estrogen receptor
- ETC, electron transport chain
- FCCP, trifluoromethoxy carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone
- FPR-1, formyl peptide receptor 1
- GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
- GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1
- HBP, hexoamine biosynthesis pathway
- HTRA, high temperature requirement A
- Hexokinase biosynthesis pathway
- I3A, indole-3-carboxaldehyde
- IRF-3, interferon regulatory factor 3
- LC3, microtubule associated protein light chain 3
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LRR, leucine-rich repeat
- MAVS, mitochondrial anti-viral signaling
- MCI, mild cognitive impairment
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- Mdivi-1, mitochondrial division inhibitor 1
- Microbiome
- Mitochondrial DNA
- Mitochondrial electron transport chain
- Mitochondrial quality control
- NLRP3, leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing protein (NLR)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3
- NOD, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain
- NeuN, neuronal nuclear protein
- PET, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography
- PKA, protein kinase A
- POLβ, the base-excision repair enzyme DNA polymerase β
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive species
- SAMP8, senescence-accelerated mice
- SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids
- SIRT3, NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-3
- STING, stimulator of interferon genes
- STZ, streptozotocin
- SkQ1, plastoquinonyldecyltriphenylphosphonium
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TCA, Tricarboxylic acid
- TLR9, toll-like receptor 9
- TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide
- TP, tricyclic pyrone
- TRF, time-restricted feeding
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- cGAS, cyclic GMP/AMP synthase
- hAPP, human amyloid precursor protein
- hPREP, human presequence protease
- i.p., intraperitoneal
- mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
- αkG, alpha-ketoglutarate
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven N. Austad
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Scott Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christy S. Carter
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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42
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Wang Q, Lu M, Zhu X, Gu X, Zhang T, Xia C, Yang L, Xu Y, Zhou M. Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Possible Mechanism Links Early Life Anxiety to Alzheimer’s Disease in Later Life. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1127-1145. [PMID: 35855329 PMCID: PMC9286915 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qixue Wang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengna Lu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinyi Gu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyi Xia
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Mingmei Zhou, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. E-mail:
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The changes in retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness in Chinese patients with alcohol dependency. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 229:109130. [PMID: 34773776 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and the macular thickness in Chinese patients with alcohol dependency and ascertaining the influence of optic cup volume on cognitive functioning. METHODS A total of 26 alcohol-dependent patients and 53 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) measurement and were scanned via spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS Compared with the healthy controls, the alcohol-dependent patients returned lower scores across all subscales and total RBANS scores. The total thickness of the RNFL of the left eye, temporal and nasal RNFLthickness of both eyes were thinner in the alcohol-dependent patients (all p < 0.05). In terms of macular thickness, eight macular regions and the average thickness of the right eye and three of the left eye were thinner in the alcohol-dependent patients than in the healthy controls. The linear regression analysis indicated that a higher alcohol consumption was associated with thinner RNFL and macular thickness especially in temporal and inferior quadrant region after controlling for smoker status, age, BMI, cholesterol level and AKT level. CONCLUSIONS A higher alcohol consumption was significantly associated with thinner RNFL and macular thickness, indicating that alcohol is a potential risk factor affecting RNFL thickness and macular thickness. Meanwhile, the increase in optic cup volume was associated with the reduced cognitive functioning of the alcohol-dependent patients.
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Tournissac M, Leclerc M, Valentin-Escalera J, Vandal M, Bosoi CR, Planel E, Calon F. Metabolic determinants of Alzheimer's disease: A focus on thermoregulation. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101462. [PMID: 34534683 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex age-related neurodegenerative disease, associated with central and peripheral metabolic anomalies, such as impaired glucose utilization and insulin resistance. These observations led to a considerable interest not only in lifestyle-related interventions, but also in repurposing insulin and other anti-diabetic drugs to prevent or treat dementia. Body temperature is the oldest known metabolic readout and mechanisms underlying its maintenance fail in the elderly, when the incidence of AD rises. This raises the possibility that an age-associated thermoregulatory deficit contributes to energy failure underlying AD pathogenesis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a central role in thermogenesis and maintenance of body temperature. In recent years, the modulation of BAT activity has been increasingly demonstrated to regulate energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization, which could also provide benefits for AD. Here, we review the evidence linking thermoregulation, BAT and insulin-related metabolic defects with AD, and we propose mechanisms through which correcting thermoregulatory impairments could slow the progression and delay the onset of AD.
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Meng J, Zhu Y, Ma H, Wang X, Zhao Q. The role of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114464. [PMID: 34329715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD) is mainly one of the complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with complex and obscure pathogenesis. Extensive evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for DCD management. AIM OF THE STUDY This review attempted to systematically summarize the possible pathogenesis of DCD and the current Chinese medicine on the treatment of DCD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We acquired information of TCM on DCD treatment from PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and CNKI databases. We then dissected the potential mechanisms of currently reported TCMs and their active ingredients for the treatment of DCD by discussing the deficiencies and giving further recommendations. RESULTS Most TCMs and their active ingredients could improve DCD through alleviating insulin resistance, microvascular dysfunction, abnormal gut microbiota composition, inflammation, and the damages of the blood-brain barrier, cerebrovascular and neurons under hyperglycemia conditions. CONCLUSIONS TCM is effective in the treatment of DCD with few adverse reactions. A large number of in vivo and in vitro, and clinical trials are still needed to further reveal the potential quality markers of TCM on DCD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinni Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Yafei Zhu
- College of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Huixia Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qipeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China; Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China.
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Liu XY, Zhang N, Zhang SX, Xu P. Potential new therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease: Glucagon-like peptide-1. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7749-7769. [PMID: 34676939 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows a close relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a gut incretin hormone, has become a well-established treatment for T2DM and is likely to be involved in treating cognitive impairment. In this mini review, the similarities between AD and T2DM are summarised with the main focus on GLP-1-based therapeutics in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Sheng-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shanxi, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Wahid RM, Samy W, El-Sayed SF. Cognitive impairment in obese rat model: role of glial cells. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2191-2196. [PMID: 34140627 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a worldwide problem. Some studies revealed that it leads to deterioration of the cognitive function, regardless of age. AIM OF THE STUDY explore the effect of obesity on cognitive function in a rat model of obesity highlighting the role of glial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS twenty adult male albino rats were assigned to two groups: group I: consumed normal diet, group II: consumed high-fat diet. Body Mass Index (BMI), serum glucose, insulin, HOMA IR and lipid profile were measured. Also, hippocampal expression of Brain derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), synapsin, Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba), nuclear factor erythroid -related factor 2 (Nrf2), Myelin basic protein (Mbp) were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The Morris Water Maze is a test used to assess spatial learning and memory capacities of rats. RESULTS There was a high significant increase in lipid profile, serum glucose, insulin serum levels and HOMA-IR in obese groups with impaired Morris water maze performance compared to control group. There was a significant downregulation in hippocampal Bdnf and synapsin mRNA expression. In addition to decrease in Mbp mRNA expression (P < 0.001). This could be explained by oxidative stress through significant downregulation of Nrf2 mRNA, and inflammation observed in significant upregulation Iba mRNA gene expression in the obese group. CONCLUSION Many factors contribute to obesity associated cognitive impairment. In our study, we figured out the crucial roles of glial cells including microglial activation and oligodendrocytes affection with other underlying mechanisms including oxidative stress and hippocampal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham M Wahid
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Walaa Samy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sherein F El-Sayed
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Poor SR, Ettcheto M, Cano A, Sanchez-Lopez E, Manzine PR, Olloquequi J, Camins A, Javan M. Metformin a Potential Pharmacological Strategy in Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090890. [PMID: 34577590 PMCID: PMC8465337 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most devastating brain disorders. Currently, there are no effective treatments to stop the disease progression and it is becoming a major public health concern. Several risk factors are involved in the progression of AD, modifying neuronal circuits and brain cognition, and eventually leading to neuronal death. Among them, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have attracted increasing attention, since brain insulin resistance can contribute to neurodegeneration. Consequently, AD has been referred to "type 3 diabetes" and antidiabetic medications such as intranasal insulin, glitazones, metformin or liraglutide are being tested as possible alternatives. Metformin, a first line antihyperglycemic medication, is a 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator hypothesized to act as a geroprotective agent. However, studies on its association with age-related cognitive decline have shown controversial results with positive and negative findings. In spite of this, metformin shows positive benefits such as anti-inflammatory effects, accelerated neurogenesis, strengthened memory, and prolonged life expectancy. Moreover, it has been recently demonstrated that metformin enhances synaptophysin, sirtuin-1, AMPK, and brain-derived neuronal factor (BDNF) immunoreactivity, which are essential markers of plasticity. The present review discusses the numerous studies which have explored (1) the neuropathological hallmarks of AD, (2) association of type 2 diabetes with AD, and (3) the potential therapeutic effects of metformin on AD and preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghar Rabiei Poor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran;
- Institute for Brain and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.E.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.E.); (P.R.M.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08028 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (E.S.-L.)
| | - Amanda Cano
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08028 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (E.S.-L.)
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sanchez-Lopez
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08028 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (E.S.-L.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Regina Manzine
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.E.); (P.R.M.)
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3467987, Chile;
| | - Antoni Camins
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.E.); (P.R.M.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08028 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (E.S.-L.)
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3467987, Chile;
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran;
- Institute for Brain and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (M.J.)
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Mitochondrial dysfunction: A potential target for Alzheimer's disease intervention and treatment. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1991-2002. [PMID: 33962036 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative brain disorder which manifests as a progressive decline in cognitive function. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the early stages of AD, and advances the progression of this age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Therefore, it can be a potential target for interventions to treat AD. Several therapeutic strategies to target mitochondrial dysfunction have gained significant attention in the preclinical stage, but the clinical trials performed to date have shown little progress. Thus, we discuss the mechanisms and strategies of different therapeutic agents for targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. We hope that this review will inspire and guide the development of efficient AD drugs in the future.
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Westwick RR, Rittschof CC. Insects Provide Unique Systems to Investigate How Early-Life Experience Alters the Brain and Behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:660464. [PMID: 33967715 PMCID: PMC8097038 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.660464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life experiences have strong and long-lasting consequences for behavior in a surprising diversity of animals. Determining which environmental inputs cause behavioral change, how this information becomes neurobiologically encoded, and the functional consequences of these changes remain fundamental puzzles relevant to diverse fields from evolutionary biology to the health sciences. Here we explore how insects provide unique opportunities for comparative study of developmental behavioral plasticity. Insects have sophisticated behavior and cognitive abilities, and they are frequently studied in their natural environments, which provides an ecological and adaptive perspective that is often more limited in lab-based vertebrate models. A range of cues, from relatively simple cues like temperature to complex social information, influence insect behavior. This variety provides experimentally tractable opportunities to study diverse neural plasticity mechanisms. Insects also have a wide range of neurodevelopmental trajectories while sharing many developmental plasticity mechanisms with vertebrates. In addition, some insects retain only subsets of their juvenile neuronal population in adulthood, narrowing the targets for detailed study of cellular plasticity mechanisms. Insects and vertebrates share many of the same knowledge gaps pertaining to developmental behavioral plasticity. Combined with the extensive study of insect behavior under natural conditions and their experimental tractability, insect systems may be uniquely qualified to address some of the biggest unanswered questions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Westwick
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Clare C Rittschof
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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