1
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Köring L, Stepen A, Birenheide B, Barth S, Leskov M, Schoch R, Krämer F, Breher F, Paradies J. Boron-Centered Lewis Superacid through Redox-Active Ligands: Application in C-F and S-F Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216959. [PMID: 36621900 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of redox-responsive ferrocenyl-substituted boranes and boronic esters were synthesized. Oxidation of the ferrocenyl ligand to the ferrocenium resulted in a drastic increase in the Lewis acidity beyond the strength of SbF5 , which was investigated experimentally and computationally. The resulting highly Lewis acidic boron compounds were used for catalytic C-F and S-F bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Köring
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Arne Stepen
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Bernhard Birenheide
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Simon Barth
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maxim Leskov
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Roland Schoch
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Felix Krämer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan Paradies
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
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2
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Beck AD, Haufe S, Waldvogel SR. Boron‐catalyzed electrochemical oxidative Si‐C bond formation. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Beck
- Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz: Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz Department Chemie GERMANY
| | - Stefan Haufe
- Wacker Group: Wacker Chemie AG Consortium für Elektrochemie GERMANY
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Institut für Organische Chemie Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz GERMANY
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3
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Durin G, Fontaine A, Berthet JC, Nicolas E, Thuéry P, Cantat T. Metal-Free Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of Silyl Triflates and Halides into Hydrosilanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200911. [PMID: 35315969 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The metal-free catalytic hydrogenolysis of silyl triflates and halides (I, Br) to hydrosilanes is unlocked by using arylborane Lewis acids as catalysts. In the presence of a nitrogen base, the catalyst acts as a Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) able to split H2 and generate a boron hydride intermediate capable of reducing (pseudo)halosilanes. This metal-free organocatalytic system is competitive with metal-based catalysts and enables the formation of a variety of hydrosilanes at room temperature in high yields (>85 %) under a low pressure of H2 (≤10 bar).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Durin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Albane Fontaine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Claude Berthet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Thuéry
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Thibault Cantat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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4
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Mahaut D, Champagne B, Berionni G. Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Unactivated Alkenes With Sterically Hindered 9‐Phosphatriptycenes. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Mahaut
- University of Namur: Universite de Namur Chemistry BELGIUM
| | | | - Guillaume Berionni
- University of Namur: Universite de Namur Chemistry Department Rue de Bruxelles 61 5000 Namur BELGIUM
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5
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Durin G, Fontaine A, Berthet J, Nicolas E, Thuéry P, Cantat T. Metal‐Free Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of Silyl Triflates and Halides into Hydrosilanes**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Durin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Albane Fontaine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | | | - Emmanuel Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Pierre Thuéry
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Thibault Cantat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
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6
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Zakharov DO, Chernichenko K, Sorochkina K, Yang S, Telkki V, Repo T, Zhivonitko VV. Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization in Hydrogenation Reactions Mediated by a Metal-Free Catalyst. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103501. [PMID: 34928532 PMCID: PMC9303582 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report nuclear spin hyperpolarization of various alkenes achieved in alkyne hydrogenations with parahydrogen over a metal-free hydroborane catalyst (HCAT). Being an intramolecular frustrated Lewis pair aminoborane, HCAT utilizes a non-pairwise mechanism of H2 transfer to alkynes that normally prevents parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) from being observed. Nevertheless, the specific spin dynamics in catalytic intermediates leads to the hyperpolarization of predominantly one hydrogen in alkene. PHIP enabled the detection of important HCAT-alkyne-H2 intermediates through substantial 1 H, 11 B and 15 N signal enhancement and allowed advanced characterization of the catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantin Chernichenko
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 100014HelsinkiFinland
- Present address: Discovery, Product Development & Supply (DPDS)Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & JohnsonTurnhoutseweg 302340BeerseBelgium
| | - Kristina Sorochkina
- NMR Research UnitUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 300090014OuluFinland
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 100014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Shengjun Yang
- NMR Research UnitUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 300090014OuluFinland
| | | | - Timo Repo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 100014HelsinkiFinland
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7
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Su P, Li Y, Ke Z. Metal Effect Meets Volcano Plots: A DFT Study on Tris(phosphino)borane-Transition Metal Complexes Catalyzed H 2 Activation. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3427-3436. [PMID: 34463040 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bifunctional transition metal complexes are of particular interest in metal-ligand cooperative activation of small molecules. As a novel type of bifunctional catalyst, Lewis acid transition metal (LA-TM) complexes have attracted increasing interest in hydrogen activation and storage. To advance the catalyst design, herein the metal effect of LA-TM complexes on the hydrogen activation has been systematically studied with a series of tris(phosphino)borane (TPB) complexes with V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni as metal centers. The metal effect not only influences the mechanism of hydrogen activation, but also notably casts a volcano plot for the activity. TPB complexes of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co tend to activate H2 through a stepwise mechanism, while TPB-Ni prefers a synergetic mechanism for H2 activation. More importantly, the metal effect significantly influences the activity of H2 activation and the formation of the LA-H-TM bridging hydride. The trend of changes in the LA-H-TM structures, the second-order perturbation stabilization energies, and the Laplacian bond orders, along with different metals (from V to Ni), are all interestingly constitute volcano plots for the performance of TPB-TM complexes catalyzed H2 activation. TPB-Mn and TPB-Fe are found to be the optimal catalysts among the discussed TPB-TM complexes. The volcano plots disclosed for the metal effects should be informative and instructive for homogeneous and heterogeneous LA-TM catalysts development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yinwu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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8
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Parida R, Inostroza Rivera R, Sinha S, Giri S. Can Superhalogen Ligand Make More Reactive Frustrated Lewis Pairs? ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Parida
- School of Applied Science and Humanities Haldia Institute of Technology Haldia 721657 India
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Rourkela Odisha 769008 India
| | - Ricardo Inostroza Rivera
- Departmento de Quimica Organica Facultad de Química y de Farmacia Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Macul 7820436 Santiago Chile
| | - Swapan Sinha
- School of Applied Science and Humanities Haldia Institute of Technology Haldia 721657 India
| | - Santanab Giri
- School of Applied Science and Humanities Haldia Institute of Technology Haldia 721657 India
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9
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Mahaut D, Chardon A, Mineur L, Berionni G, Champagne B. Rational Development of a Metal-Free Bifunctional System for the C-H Activation of Methane: A Density Functional Theory Investigation. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1958-1966. [PMID: 34309144 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The activation or heterolytic splitting of methane, a challenging substrate usually restricted to transition metals, has so far proven elusive in experimental frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry. In this article, we demonstrate, using density functional theory (DFT), that 1-aza-9-boratriptycene is a conceptually simple intramolecular FLP for the activation of methane. Systematic comparison with other FLP systems allows to gain insight into their reactivity with methane. The thermodynamics and kinetics of methane activation are interpreted by referring to the analysis of the natural charges and by employing the distortion-interaction/activation strain (DIAS) model. These showed that the nature of the Lewis base influences the selectivity over the reaction pathway, with N Lewis bases favoring the deprotonation mechanism and P bases the hydride abstraction one. The lower barrier of activation for 1-aza-9-boratriptycene and the higher products stability are due to a better interaction energy than its counterparts, itself due to electrostatic interactions with the methane moiety, favorable orbital overlaps allowed by the side-attack, and space proximity between the B and N atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Mahaut
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Chardon
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Loïc Mineur
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Berionni
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
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10
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Sharma G, Newman PD, Platts JA. A review of quantum chemical studies of Frustrated Lewis Pairs. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 105:107846. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Föhrenbacher SA, Zeh V, Krahfuss MJ, Ignat'ev NV, Finze M, Radius U. Tris(pentafluoroethyl)difluorophosphorane and
N
‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Adduct Formation and Frustrated
Lewis
Pair Reactivity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen A. Föhrenbacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Vivien Zeh
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Mirjam J. Krahfuss
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Nikolai V. Ignat'ev
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Consultant Merck KGaA Frankfurter Straße 250 64293 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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12
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Qin H, Yang J, Yan K, Xue Y, Zhang M, Sun X, Wen J, Wang H. Electrochemical‐Induced Hydrogenation of Electron‐Deficient Internal Olefins and Alkynes with CH
3
OH as Hydrogen Donor. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Qin
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu, Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjing Yang
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu, Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Kelu Yan
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu, Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxuan Xue
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu, Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Meichen Zhang
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu, Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu, Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Wen
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu, Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu, Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
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13
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Wech F, Hasenbeck M, Gellrich U. Semihydrogenation of Alkynes Catalyzed by a Pyridone Borane Complex: Frustrated Lewis Pair Reactivity and Boron-Ligand Cooperation in Concert. Chemistry 2020; 26:13445-13450. [PMID: 32242988 PMCID: PMC7693047 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The metal‐free cis selective hydrogenation of alkynes catalyzed by a boroxypyridine is reported. A variety of internal alkynes are hydrogenated at 80 °C under 5 bar H2 with good yields and stereoselectivity. Furthermore, the catalyst described herein enables the first metal‐free semihydrogenation of terminal alkynes. Mechanistic investigations, substantiated by DFT computations, reveal that the mode of action by which the boroxypyridine activates H2 is reminiscent of the reactivity of an intramolecular frustrated Lewis pair. However, it is the change in the coordination mode of the boroxypyridine upon H2 activation that allows the dissociation of the formed pyridone borane complex and subsequent hydroboration of an alkyne. This change in the coordination mode upon bond activation is described by the term boron‐ligand cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wech
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Max Hasenbeck
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Urs Gellrich
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Gießen, Germany
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14
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Sun X, Su W, Shi K, Xie Z, Zhu C. Triple Frustrated Lewis Pair-Type Reactivity on a Single Rare-Earth Metal Center. Chemistry 2020; 26:5354-5359. [PMID: 31950533 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rare-earth metal cations have been used rarely as Lewis-acidic components in the chemistry of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). Herein, we report the first cerium/phosphorus system (2) employing a heptadentate N4 P3 ligand, which exhibits triple FLP-type reactivity towards a series of organic substrates, including isocyanates, isothiocyanates, diazomethane, and azides on a single rare-earth Lewis acidic Ce center. This result shows that the Ce center and three P atoms in 2 could simultaneously activate three equivalents of small molecules under mild conditions. This study broadens the diversity of FLPs and demonstrates that rare earth based FLP exhibit unique properties compared with other FLP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Wei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Kaiying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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15
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Sun X, Zhu Q, Xie Z, Su W, Zhu J, Zhu C. An Unprecedented Ga/P Frustrated Lewis Pair: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity. Chemistry 2019; 25:14295-14299. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), andDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry, and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Zhuoyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Wei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), andDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry, and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
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16
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Mechanistic insight into β‒O‒4 linkage cleavage of lignin model compound catalyzed by a SO3H-functionalized imidazolium ionic liquid: An unconventional E1 elimination. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Zhao T, Hu X, Wu Y, Zhang Z. Hydrogenation of CO2
to Formate with H2
: Transition Metal Free Catalyst Based on a Lewis Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:722-726. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Zhao
- Separation Engineering Research Center; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Xingbang Hu
- Separation Engineering Research Center; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Youting Wu
- Separation Engineering Research Center; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Separation Engineering Research Center; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
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18
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Zhao T, Hu X, Wu Y, Zhang Z. Hydrogenation of CO2
to Formate with H2
: Transition Metal Free Catalyst Based on a Lewis Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Zhao
- Separation Engineering Research Center; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Xingbang Hu
- Separation Engineering Research Center; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Youting Wu
- Separation Engineering Research Center; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Separation Engineering Research Center; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
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19
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Wilson ASS, Dinoi C, Hill MS, Mahon MF, Maron L. Heterolysis of Dihydrogen by Nucleophilic Calcium Alkyls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Dinoi
- Université de Toulouse et CNRSINSAUPS, UMR 5215LPCNO 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | | | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse et CNRSINSAUPS, UMR 5215LPCNO 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
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20
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Wilson ASS, Dinoi C, Hill MS, Mahon MF, Maron L. Heterolysis of Dihydrogen by Nucleophilic Calcium Alkyls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15500-15504. [PMID: 30289589 PMCID: PMC6282996 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
β‐Diketiminato (BDI) calcium alkyl derivatives undergo hydrogenolysis with H2 to regenerate [(BDI)CaH]2, allowing the catalytic hydrogenation of a wide range of 1‐alkenes and norbornene under very mild conditions (2 bar H2, 298 K). The reactions are deduced to take place with the retention of the dimeric structures of the calcium hydrido‐alkyl and alkyl intermediates via a well‐defined sequence of Ca−H/C=C insertion and Ca−C hydrogenation events. This latter deduction is strongly supported by DFT calculations (B3PW91) performed on the 1‐hexene/H2 system, which also indicates that the hydrogenation transition states display features which discriminate them from a classical σ‐bond metathesis mechanism. In particular, NBO analysis identifies a strong second order interaction between the filled α‐methylene sp3 orbital of the n‐hexyl chain and the σ* orbital of the H2 molecule, signifying that the H−H bond is broken by what is effectively the nucleophilic displacement of hydride by the organic substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Dinoi
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
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21
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Mummadi S, Brar A, Wang G, Kenefake D, Diaz R, Unruh DK, Li S, Krempner C. “Inverse” Frustrated Lewis Pairs: An Inverse FLP Approach to the Catalytic Metal Free Hydrogenation of Ketones. Chemistry 2018; 24:16526-16531. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mummadi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Texas Tech University, Box 41061 Lubbock Texas 79409-1061 USA
| | - Amandeep Brar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Texas Tech University, Box 41061 Lubbock Texas 79409-1061 USA
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Nanjing University Xianlin Road No. 163 210023 Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Dustin Kenefake
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Texas Tech University, Box 41061 Lubbock Texas 79409-1061 USA
| | - Rony Diaz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Texas Tech University, Box 41061 Lubbock Texas 79409-1061 USA
| | - Daniel K. Unruh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Texas Tech University, Box 41061 Lubbock Texas 79409-1061 USA
| | - Shuhua Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Nanjing University Xianlin Road No. 163 210023 Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Clemens Krempner
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Texas Tech University, Box 41061 Lubbock Texas 79409-1061 USA
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Paradies
- Department of Chemistry; University of Paderborn; Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
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23
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Heshmat M, Privalov T. Water and a Borohydride/Hydronium Intermediate in the Borane-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds with H 2 in Wet Ether: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8952-8962. [PMID: 30169037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b07506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have computationally evaluated water as an active Lewis base (LB) and introduced the borohydride/hydronium intermediate in the mechanism of B(C6F5)3-catalyzed hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds with H2 in wet/moist ether. Our calculations extend the known frustrated Lewis pair mechanism of this reaction toward the inclusion of water as the active participant in all steps. Although the definition of the zero-energy point interweaves in comparison of the scenarios with and without water, we will be able to show that (i) water (hydrogen bonded to its molecular environment) can, in principle, act as a reasonably viable LB in cooperation with the borane Lewis acid such as B(C6F5)3 but relatively a strong borane-water complexation can be the hindering factor; (ii) the herein-proposed borohydride/hydronium intermediates with the hydronium cation having three OH···ether hydrogen bonds or a combination of the OH···ether/OH···ketone hydrogen bonds appear to be as valid as the previously considered borohydride/oxonium or borohydride/oxocarbenium intermediates; (iii) the proton-coupled hydride transfer from the borohydride/hydronium to a ketone (acetone) has a reasonably low barrier. Our findings could be useful for better mechanistic understanding and further development of the aforementioned reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Heshmat
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Stockholm University , Stockholm 10691 , Sweden
| | - Timofei Privalov
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Stockholm University , Stockholm 10691 , Sweden
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24
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Ilic S, Alherz A, Musgrave CB, Glusac KD. Thermodynamic and kinetic hydricities of metal-free hydrides. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:2809-2836. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Thermodynamic and kinetic hydricities provide useful guidelines for the design of hydride donors with desirable properties for catalytic chemical reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ilic
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
| | - Abdulaziz Alherz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
| | - Charles B. Musgrave
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - Ksenija D. Glusac
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
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25
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Noroozi-Shad N, Gholizadeh M, Izadyar M, Eshghi H. Theoretical Evaluation of the Efficiency of Novel Frustrated Lewis Pairs in the cis-Hydrogenation Reaction of Dimethylacetylene. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2017. [DOI: 10.3184/146867817x14954764850469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) are the combination of Lewis acid and base motifs where steric hindrance prevents strong adduct formation. Accordingly, the ability of FLPs in small molecule activation and their capability in hydrogen cleavage led to their use in the hydrogenation of a wide range of unsaturated substrates. Here, we investigated theoretically the ability of three intramolecular phosphorus/boron FLPs as bifunctional catalysts in the metal-free hydrogenation of dimethylacetylene to cis-alkene. The mechanism of this hydrogenation reaction, based on the boron acceptor [including –OR substituents (B(OR)2), where R is an aliphatic or aromatic branch] and phosphorus donor, has been explored. Based on the results obtained, it was confirmed that the H2 splitting reaction and the formation of the phosphonium–borohydride motifs for these FLPs are endothermic. It has been shown that these FLPs have a moderate ability in H–H bond splitting. Also, the capability of the boron atom in FLPs on the hydrogenation reaction was investigated. The reduction steps of the mechanism showed an exothermic nature. This result revealed that the presence of the boron as a Lewis acid, with a very limited Lewis acidity, improves the catalytic hydrogenation reaction significantly. Finally, it was confirmed that the proposed FLPs in the cis-hydrogenation of alkynes will be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Noroozi-Shad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Gholizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Izadyar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Eshghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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26
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Robinson TP, De Rosa D, Aldridge S, Goicoechea JM. On the Redox Reactivity of a Geometrically Constrained Phosphorus(III) Compound. Chemistry 2017; 23:15455-15465. [PMID: 28865168 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of a geometrically constrained phosphorus(III) complex bearing the N,N-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-phenolate)amide pincer ligand (P(ONO); 1) towards oxidants and reductants is explored. This compound can be readily oxidized to the phosphorus(V) dihalo-derivatives P(ONO)X2 where X=Cl (2), Br (3) and I (4). Attempts at isolating the analogous difluoride through oxidation of 1 were unsuccessful yielding only the hydrofluoride P(ONO)(H)F (5), however P(ONO)F2 (6) can be accessed via a halide exchange reaction of 2 with KF. Compound 2 can be employed as a precursor to novel cationic species through chloride ion displacement using strong Lewis bases. Thus, reaction of 2 with two or three molar equivalents of dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) affords [P(ONO)(Cl)(DMAP)2 ]+ (7) and [P(ONO)(DMAP)3 ]2+ (8). Reaction of 2 with the weaker bidentate base 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) affords [P(ONO)(Cl)(bipy)]+ (9), although this species was only accessible upon addition of a halide abstracting agent. The dicationic tris(pyridine) adduct [P(ONO)(py)3 ]2+ (10) is also accessible by reaction of 4 with pyridine. Oxidation of 1 using oxygen gas proceeds slowly and allows for the observation of two compounds, a mixed valence dimeric phosphorus(III)/phosphorus(V) compound [P(ONO)(μ2 -O)(μ2 :κ1 ,κ2 -ONO)P] (11) and the fully oxidized species [P(ONO)(μ2 -O)(μ2 :κ1 ,κ2 -ONO)P(O)] (12). Finally, reaction of 1 using KC8 results in the dimerization of the putative radical anion [P(ONO)].- through formation of a P-P bond to afford [P(ONO)]22- (13). Reactions with TEMPO result in the formation of the trigonal bipyramidal species P(ONO)(TEMPO)2 (14).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Daniel De Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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27
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Mane MV, Vanka K. Less Frustration, More Activity-Theoretical Insights into Frustrated Lewis Pairs for Hydrogenation Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj V. Mane
- Physical Chemistry Division; National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune Maharashtra India
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute of Basic Science (IBS); Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Physical Chemistry Division; National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune Maharashtra India
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28
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Lambic NS, Sommer RD, Ison EA. Tuning Catalytic Activity in the Hydrogenation of Unactivated Olefins with Transition-Metal Oxos as the Lewis Base Component of Frustrated Lewis Pairs. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola S. Lambic
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Roger D. Sommer
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Elon A. Ison
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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29
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Wang T, Jentgens X, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane-Catalyzed Reaction of Phosphorus/Boron and Nitrogen/Boron Frustrated Lewis Pair Dihydrogen Activation Products with Alkenes and Alkynes. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongdao Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Xenia Jentgens
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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30
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Tussing S, Ohland M, Wicker G, Flörke U, Paradies J. Borane-catalyzed indole synthesis through intramolecular hydroamination. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:1539-1545. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04725d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic metal-free intramolecular hydroamination for the synthesis of indoles and tetrahydroisoquinolines was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Tussing
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Paderborn
- D-33098 Paderborn
- Germany
| | - Miriam Ohland
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Paderborn
- D-33098 Paderborn
- Germany
| | - Garrit Wicker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Paderborn
- D-33098 Paderborn
- Germany
| | - Ulrich Flörke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Paderborn
- D-33098 Paderborn
- Germany
| | - Jan Paradies
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Paderborn
- D-33098 Paderborn
- Germany
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31
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Das S, Pati SK. On the Mechanism of Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalysed Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds. Chemistry 2016; 23:1078-1085. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Das
- New Chemistry Unit; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research; Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Swapan K. Pati
- Theoretical Sciences Unit and New Chemistry Unit; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research; Bangalore 560064 India
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32
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Robinson TP, Lo SK, De Rosa D, Aldridge S, Goicoechea JM. On the Ambiphilic Reactivity of Geometrically Constrained Phosphorus(III) and Arsenic(III) Compounds: Insights into Their Interaction with Ionic Substrates. Chemistry 2016; 22:15712-15724. [PMID: 27628576 PMCID: PMC5095867 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The ambiphilic nature of geometrically constrained Group 15 complexes bearing the N,N‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐phenolate)amide pincer ligand (ONO3−) is explored. Despite their differing reactivity towards nucleophilic substrates with polarised element–hydrogen bonds (e.g., NH3), both the phosphorus(III), P(ONO) (1 a), and arsenic(III), As(ONO) (1 b), compounds exhibit similar reactivity towards charged nucleophiles and electrophiles. Reactions of 1 a and 1 b with KOtBu or KNPh2 afford anionic complexes in which the nucleophilic anion associates with the pnictogen centre ([(tBuO)Pn(ONO)]− (Pn=P (2 a), As (2 b)) and [(Ph2N)Pn(ONO)]− (Pn=P (3 a), As (3 b)). Compound 2 a can subsequently be reacted with a proton source or benzylbromide to afford the phosphorus(V) compounds (tBuO)HP(ONO) (4 a) and (tBuO)BzP(ONO) (5 a), respectively, whereas analogous arsenic(V) compounds are inaccessible. Electrophilic substrates, such as HOTf and MeOTf, preferentially associate with the nitrogen atom of the ligand backbone of both 1 a and 1 b, giving rise to cationic species that can be rationalised as either ammonium salts or as amine‐stabilised phosphenium or arsenium complexes ([Pn{ON(H)O}]+ (Pn=P (6 a), As (6 b)) and [Pn{ON(Me)O}]+ (Pn=P (7 a), As (7 b)). Reaction of 1 a with an acid bearing a nucleophilic counteranion (such as HCl) gives rise to a phosphorus(V) compound HPCl(ONO) (8 a), whereas the analogous reaction with 1 b results in the addition of HCl across one of the As−O bonds to afford ClAs{(H)ONO} (8 b). Functionalisation at both the pnictogen centre and the ligand backbone is also possible by reaction of 7 a/7 b with KOtBu, which affords the neutral species (tBuO)Pn{ON(Me)O} (Pn=P (9 a), As (9 b)). The ambiphilic reactivity of these geometrically constrained complexes allows some insight into the mechanism of reactivity of 1 a towards small molecules, such as ammonia and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Siu-Kwan Lo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Daniel De Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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33
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Maier AFG, Tussing S, Schneider T, Flörke U, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Paradies J. Dehydrierende Oxidation von Indolinen und anderen Heterocyclen durch frustrierte Lewis-Paare. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F. G. Maier
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Straße 100 33098 Paderborn Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Tussing
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Straße 100 33098 Paderborn Deutschland
| | - Tobias Schneider
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Straße 100 33098 Paderborn Deutschland
| | - Ulrich Flörke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Straße 100 33098 Paderborn Deutschland
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Universität Bonn; Beringstraße 4 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Universität Bonn; Beringstraße 4 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Jan Paradies
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Straße 100 33098 Paderborn Deutschland
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34
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Maier AFG, Tussing S, Schneider T, Flörke U, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Paradies J. Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Oxidation of Indolines and Other Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12219-23. [PMID: 27594431 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An acceptorless dehydrogenation of heterocycles catalyzed by frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) was developed. Oxidation with concomitant liberation of molecular hydrogen proceeded in high to excellent yields for N-protected indolines as well as four other substrate classes. The mechanism of this unprecedented FLP-catalyzed reaction was investigated by mechanistic studies, characterization of reaction intermediates by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystal analysis, and by quantum-mechanical calculations. Hydrogen liberation from the ammonium hydridoborate intermediate is the rate-determining step of the oxidation. The addition of a weaker Lewis acid as a hydride shuttle increased the reaction rate by a factor of 2.28 through a second catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F G Maier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Tussing
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Tobias Schneider
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flörke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jan Paradies
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany.
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35
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Tussing S, Kaupmees K, Paradies J. Structure-Reactivity Relationship in the Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP)-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Imines. Chemistry 2016; 22:7422-6. [PMID: 27060884 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The autoinduced, frustrated Lewis pair (FLP)-catalyzed hydrogenation of 16-benzene-ring substituted N-benzylidene-tert-butylamines with B(2,6-F2 C6 H3 )3 and molecular hydrogen was investigated by kinetic analysis. The pKa values for imines and for the corresponding amines were determined by quantum-mechanical methods and provided a direct proportional relationship. The correlation of the two rate constants k1 (simple catalytic cycle) and k2 (autoinduced catalytic cycle) with pKa difference between imine and amine pairs (ΔpKa ) or Hammett's σ parameter served as useful parameters to establish a structure-reactivity relationship for the FLP-catalyzed hydrogenation of imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Tussing
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Karl Kaupmees
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Jan Paradies
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany.
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36
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Özgün T, Ye KY, Daniliuc CG, Wibbeling B, Liu L, Grimme S, Kehr G, Erker G. Why Does the Intramolecular Trimethylene-Bridged Frustrated Lewis Pair Mes2 PCH2 CH2 CH2 B(C6 F5 )2 Not Activate Dihydrogen? Chemistry 2016; 22:5988-95. [PMID: 26999779 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The methyl labelled C3 -bridged frustrated phosphane borane Lewis pair (P/B FLP) 2 b was prepared by treatment of Mes2 PCl with a methallyl Grignard reagent followed by anti-Markovnikov hydroboration with Piers' borane [HB(C6 F5 )2 )]. The FLP 2 b is inactive toward dihydrogen under typical ambient conditions, in contrast to the C2 - and C4 -bridged FLP analogues. Dynamic NMR spectroscopy showed that this was not due to kinetically hindered P⋅⋅⋅B dissociation of 2 b. DFT calculations showed that the hydrogen-splitting reaction of the parent compound 2 a is markedly endergonic. The PH(+) /BH(-) H2 -splitting product of 2 b was indirectly synthesized by a sequence of H(+) /H(-) addition. It lost H2 at ambient conditions and confirmed the result of the DFT analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Özgün
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ke-Yin Ye
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Birgit Wibbeling
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lei Liu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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37
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Tamke S, Qu ZW, Sitte NA, Flörke U, Grimme S, Paradies J. Cycloisomerisierung von 1,5-Eninen über eine 5-endo-dig- Cyclisierungs-Protodeborylierungs-Sequenz mit einem frustrierten Lewis-Paar als Katalysator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Tamke
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Straße 100 33098 Paderborn Deutschland
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Universität Bonn; Beringstraße 4 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Nikolai A. Sitte
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Straße 100 33098 Paderborn Deutschland
| | - Ulrich Flörke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Deutschland
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Universität Bonn; Beringstraße 4 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Jan Paradies
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Paderborn; Warburger Straße 100 33098 Paderborn Deutschland
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38
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Tamke S, Qu ZW, Sitte NA, Flörke U, Grimme S, Paradies J. Frustrated Lewis Pair-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 1,5-Enynes via a 5-endo-dig Cyclization/Protodeborylation Sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4336-9. [PMID: 26939012 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The first frustrated Lewis pair-catalyzed cycloisomerization of a series of 1,5-enynes was developed. The reaction proceeds via the π-activation of the alkyne and subsequent 5-endo-dig cyclization with the adjacent alkene. The presence of PPh3 was of utmost importance on the one hand to prevent side reactions (for example, 1,1-carboboration) and on the other hand for the efficient protodeborylation to achieve the catalytic turnover. The mechanism is explained on the basis of quantum-chemical calculations, which are in full agreement with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Tamke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nikolai A Sitte
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flörke
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jan Paradies
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany.
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39
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Abstract
Microwave-irradiation accelerates FLP-catalyzed hydrogenations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Tussing
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Paderborn
- D-33098 Paderborn
- Germany
| | - J. Paradies
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Paderborn
- D-33098 Paderborn
- Germany
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40
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Scope and Mechanisms of Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalyzed Hydrogenation Reactions of Electron-Deficient CC Double Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Morozova V, Mayer P, Berionni G. Scope and Mechanisms of Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalyzed Hydrogenation Reactions of Electron-Deficient C=C Double Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14508-12. [PMID: 26493512 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Several phosphonium and ammonium triarylborohydrides, which are intermediates in hydrogenation reactions catalyzed by frustrated Lewis pairs, were synthesized in high yield under mild conditions from triaryl boranes, ammonium or phosphonium halides, and triethylsilane. The kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions of these hydridoborate salts with benzhydrylium ions, iminium ions, quinone methides, and Michael acceptors were investigated, and their nucleophilicity was determined and compared with that of other hydride donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Morozova
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München (Germany) http://www.cup.uni-muenchen.de/oc/mayr/
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München (Germany) http://www.cup.uni-muenchen.de/oc/mayr/
| | - Guillaume Berionni
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München (Germany) http://www.cup.uni-muenchen.de/oc/mayr/.
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42
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Robinson TP, De Rosa DM, Aldridge S, Goicoechea JM. E-H Bond Activation of Ammonia and Water by a Geometrically Constrained Phosphorus(III) Compound. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13758-63. [PMID: 26404498 PMCID: PMC4648037 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a phosphorus(III) compound bearing a N,N-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-phenoxy)amide ligand is reported. This species has been found to react with ammonia and water, activating the E–H bonds in both substrates by formal oxidative addition to afford the corresponding phosphorus(V) compounds. In the case of water, both O–H bonds can be activated, splitting the molecule into its constituent elements. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a compound based on main group elements that sequentially activates water in this manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Daniel M De Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK).
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK).
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43
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Robinson TP, De Rosa DM, Aldridge S, Goicoechea JM. E-H Bond Activation of Ammonia and Water by a Geometrically Constrained Phosphorus(III) Compound. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Lee H, Choi YN, Lim D, Rahman MM, Kim Y, Cho IH, Kang HW, Seo J, Jeon C, Yoon KB. Formation of Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Pt
x
‐Loaded Zeolite NaY. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13080-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heeju Lee
- Neutron Science Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989‐111, Daedeokdaero, Yuseong‐gu, Daejeon (Korea)
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, 35, Baekbumro, Mapo‐gu, Seoul (Korea)
| | - Yong Nam Choi
- Neutron Science Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989‐111, Daedeokdaero, Yuseong‐gu, Daejeon (Korea)
| | - Dae‐Woon Lim
- Neutron Science Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989‐111, Daedeokdaero, Yuseong‐gu, Daejeon (Korea)
| | - Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis and Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35, Baekbumro, Mapo‐gu, Seoul (Korea)
| | - Yong‐Il Kim
- Center for Materials Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science, 267, Gajeongro, Yuseong‐gu, Daejeon (Korea)
| | - In Hwa Cho
- Neutron Science Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989‐111, Daedeokdaero, Yuseong‐gu, Daejeon (Korea)
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Neutron Science Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989‐111, Daedeokdaero, Yuseong‐gu, Daejeon (Korea)
| | - Jung‐Hye Seo
- Division of Materials Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169‐148, Gwahakro, Yuseong‐gu, Daejeon (Korea)
- Current address: Center for Research Facilities, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemoon‐gu, Seoul (Korea)
| | - Cheolho Jeon
- Division of Materials Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169‐148, Gwahakro, Yuseong‐gu, Daejeon (Korea)
| | - Kyung Byung Yoon
- Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis and Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35, Baekbumro, Mapo‐gu, Seoul (Korea)
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45
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Lee H, Choi YN, Lim DW, Rahman MM, Kim YI, Cho IH, Kang HW, Seo JH, Jeon C, Yoon KB. Formation of Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Ptx-Loaded Zeolite NaY. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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46
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Chatterjee I, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Oestreich M. B(C6F5)3-katalysierter Diwasserstofftransfer von einem ungesättigten Kohlenwasserstoff auf einen anderen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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47
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Chatterjee I, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Oestreich M. B(C6F5)3-Catalyzed Transfer of Dihydrogen from One Unsaturated Hydrocarbon to Another. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12158-62. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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48
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Feldmann A, Kehr G, Daniliuc CG, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Erker G. Functionalization of Intramolecular Frustrated Lewis Pairs by 1,1-Carboboration with Conjugated Enynes. Chemistry 2015; 21:12456-64. [PMID: 26284948 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The vicinal P/B frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) Mes2PCH2CH2B(C6F5)2 undergoes 1,1-carboboration reactions with the Me3Si-substituted enynes to give ring-enlarged functionalized C3-bridged P/B FLPs. These serve as active FLPs in the activation of dihydrogen to give the respective zwitterionic [P]H(+)/[B]H(-) products. One such product shows activity as a metal-free catalyst for the hydrogenation of enamines or a bulky imine. The ring-enlarged FLPs contain dienylborane functionalities that undergo "bora-Nazarov"-type ring-closing rearrangements upon photolysis. A DFT study had shown that the dienylborane cyclization of such systems itself is endothermic, but a subsequent C6F5 migration is very favorable. Furthermore, substituted 2,5-dihydroborole products are derived from cyclization and C6F5 migration from the photolysis reaction. In the case of the six-membered annulation product, a subsequent stereoisomerization reaction takes place and the resultant compound undergoes a P/B FLP 1,2-addition reaction with a terminal alkyne with rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Feldmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | | | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster (Germany).
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49
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Vom Stein T, Peréz M, Dobrovetsky R, Winkelhaus D, Caputo CB, Stephan DW. Electrophilic Fluorophosphonium Cations in Frustrated Lewis Pair Hydrogen Activation and Catalytic Hydrogenation of Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10178-82. [PMID: 26178268 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The combination of phosphorus(V)-based Lewis acids with diaryl amines and diaryl silylamines promotes reversible activation of dihydrogen and can be further exploited in metal-free catalytic olefin hydrogenation. Combined experimental and density functional theory (DFT) studies suggest a frustrated Lewis pair type activation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Vom Stein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 (Canada)
| | - Manuel Peréz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 (Canada)
| | - Roman Dobrovetsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 (Canada)
| | - Daniel Winkelhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 (Canada)
| | - Christopher B Caputo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 (Canada)
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 (Canada).
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50
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vom Stein T, Peréz M, Dobrovetsky R, Winkelhaus D, Caputo CB, Stephan DW. Electrophilic Fluorophosphonium Cations in Frustrated Lewis Pair Hydrogen Activation and Catalytic Hydrogenation of Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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