1
|
Chen R, Zhang P, Chang Z, Yan J, Kraus T. Grafting and Solubilization of Redox-Active Organic Materials for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201993. [PMID: 36625759 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study concerns the development of sustainable design strategies of aqueous electrolytes for redox flow batteries using redox-active organic materials. A green spontaneous grafting reaction occurs between a redox-active organic radical and an electrochemically activated structural modifier at room temperature through a simple mixing step. Then, a physical mixing method is used to formulate a structured aqueous electrolyte and enables aqueous solubilization of the organic solute from below 0.5 to 1.5 m beyond the conventional dissolution limit. The as-obtained concentrated mixture can be readily used as catholyte for a redox flow battery. A record high discharge cell voltage (1.6 V onset output voltage) in aqueous non-hybrid flow cell is attained by using the studied electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyong Chen
- Saarland University, KIST Europe, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Materials Innovation Factory, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, L7 3NY, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjun Chang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212003, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Yan
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, 710127, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kong T, Liu J, Zhou X, Xu J, Xie Y, Chen J, Li X, Wang Y. Stable Operation of Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries in Air Atmosphere. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214819. [PMID: 36495124 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As a green route for large-scale energy storage, aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) are attracting extensive attention. However, most of the reported AORFBs were operated in an inert atmosphere. Herein, we clarify this issue by using the reported AORFB (i.e., 3, 3'-(9,10-anthraquinone-diyl)bis(3-methylbutanoicacid) (DPivOHAQ)||Ferrocyanide) as an example. We demonstrate that the dissolved O2 can oxidize the discharged DPivOHAQ in anolyte, leading to capacity-imbalance between anolyte and catholyte. Therefore, this cell shows continuous capacity fading when operated in an air atmosphere. We propose a simple strategy for this challenge, in which the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in catholyte is employed to balance oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in anolyte. When using the Ni(OH)2 -modifed carbon felt (CF) as a current collector for catholyte, this cell shows an excellent stability in air atmosphere because the Ni(OH)2 -induced OER capacity in catholyte exactly balances the ORR capacity in anolyte. Such O2 -balance strategy facilitates AORFBs' practical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taoyi Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yihua Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Division of Energy Storage, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao M, Salla M, Song Y, Wang Q. High‐Power Near‐Neutral Aqueous All Organic Redox Flow Battery Enabled with a Pair of Anionic Redox Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208223. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Design and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117574 Singapore
| | - Manohar Salla
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Design and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117574 Singapore
| | - Yuxi Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Design and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117574 Singapore
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Design and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117574 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao M, Salla M, Song Y, Wang Q. High‐power Near‐neutral Aqueous All Organic Redox Flow Battery Enabled with a Pair of Anionic Redox Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Gao
- National University of Singapore Materials Science and Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Manohar Salla
- National University of Singapore Materials Science and Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Yuxi Song
- National University of Singapore Materials Science and Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Qing Wang
- National University of Singapore Department of Materials Science and Engineering SINGAPORE
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luo J, Hu B, Hu M, Wu W, Liu TL. An Energy‐Dense, Powerful, Robust Bipolar Zinc–Ferrocene Redox‐Flow Battery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204030. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322 USA
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322 USA
| | - Maowei Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322 USA
| | - Wenda Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322 USA
| | - T. Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luo J, Hu B, Hu M, Wu W, Liu TL. An Energy Dense, Powerful, Robust Bipolar Zinc‐Ferrocene Redox Flow Battery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- Utah State University Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Bo Hu
- Utah State University Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Maowei Hu
- Utah State University Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Wenda Wu
- Utah State University Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Tianbiao Leo Liu
- Utah State University Chemistry and Biochemistry 0300 Old Main Hill 84322 Logan UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fischer P, Mazúr P, Krakowiak J. Family Tree for Aqueous Organic Redox Couples for Redox Flow Battery Electrolytes: A Conceptual Review. Molecules 2022; 27:560. [PMID: 35056875 PMCID: PMC8778144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are an increasingly attractive option for renewable energy storage, thus providing flexibility for the supply of electrical energy. In recent years, research in this type of battery storage has been shifted from metal-ion based electrolytes to soluble organic redox-active compounds. Aqueous-based organic electrolytes are considered as more promising electrolytes to achieve "green", safe, and low-cost energy storage. Many organic compounds and their derivatives have recently been intensively examined for application to redox flow batteries. This work presents an up-to-date overview of the redox organic compound groups tested for application in aqueous RFB. In the initial part, the most relevant requirements for technical electrolytes are described and discussed. The importance of supporting electrolytes selection, the limits for the aqueous system, and potential synthetic strategies for redox molecules are highlighted. The different organic redox couples described in the literature are grouped in a "family tree" for organic redox couples. This article is designed to be an introduction to the field of organic redox flow batteries and aims to provide an overview of current achievements as well as helping synthetic chemists to understand the basic concepts of the technical requirements for next-generation energy storage materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology, Pfinztal, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer Str. 7, 76327 Pfinztal, Germany
| | - Petr Mazúr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Praha 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Joanna Krakowiak
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang J, Hu S, Yuan X, Xiang Z, Huang M, Wan K, Piao J, Fu Z, Liang Z. Radical Stabilization of a Tripyridinium–Triazine Molecule Enables Reversible Storage of Multiple Electrons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 P. R. China
| | - Shuzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Xianzhi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 P. R. China
| | - Mingbao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 P. R. China
| | - Kai Wan
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Piao
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 P. R. China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang J, Hu S, Yuan X, Xiang Z, Huang M, Wan K, Piao J, Fu Z, Liang Z. Radical Stabilization of a Tripyridinium-Triazine Molecule Enables Reversible Storage of Multiple Electrons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20921-20925. [PMID: 34288300 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A novel organic molecule, 2,4,6-tris[1-(trimethylamonium)propyl-4-pyridiniumyl]-1,3,5-triazine hexachloride, was developed as a reversible six-electron storage electrolyte for use in an aqueous redox flow battery (ARFB). Physicochemical characterization reveals that the molecule evolves from a radical to a biradical and finally to a quinoid structure upon accepting four electrons. Both the diffusion coefficient and the rate constant were sufficiently high to run a flow battery with low concentration and kinetics polarization losses. In a demonstration unit, the assembled flow battery affords a high specific capacity of 33.0 Ah L-1 and a peak power density of 273 mW cm-2 . This work highlights the rational design of electroactive organics that can manipulate multi-electron transfer in a reversible way, which will pave the way to development of energy-dense, manageable and low-cost ARFBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Shuzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Mingbao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wan
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Piao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guiheneuf S, Lê A, Godet‐Bar T, Chancelier L, Fontmorin J, Floner D, Geneste F. Behaviour of 3,4‐Dihydroxy‐9,10‐Anthraquinone‐2‐Sulfonic Acid in Alkaline Medium: Towards a Long‐Cycling Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Battery. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurore Lê
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
- Kemiwatt 11 allée de Beaulieu – CS 50837 F-35708 Rennes cedex 7 France
| | | | - Léa Chancelier
- Kemiwatt 11 allée de Beaulieu – CS 50837 F-35708 Rennes cedex 7 France
| | | | - Didier Floner
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Anjass M, Lowe GA, Streb C. Molecular Vanadium Oxides for Energy Conversion and Energy Storage: Current Trends and Emerging Opportunities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7522-7532. [PMID: 32881270 PMCID: PMC8048609 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular vanadium oxides, or polyoxovanadates (POVs), have recently emerged as a new class of molecular energy conversion/storage materials, which combine diverse, chemically tunable redox behavior and reversible multielectron storage capabilities. This Review explores current challenges, major breakthroughs, and future opportunities in the use of POVs for energy conversion and storage. The reactivity, advantages, and limitations of POVs are explored, with a focus on their use in lithium and post-lithium-ion batteries, redox-flow batteries, and light-driven energy conversion. Finally, emerging themes and new research directions are critically assessed to provide inspiration for how this promising materials class can advance research in sustainable energy technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montaha Anjass
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
- Helmholtz Institute UlmHelmholtzstrasse 1289081UlmGermany
| | - Grace A. Lowe
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Carsten Streb
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
- Helmholtz Institute UlmHelmholtzstrasse 1289081UlmGermany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen Q, Li Y, Liu Y, Sun P, Yang Z, Xu T. Designer Ferrocene Catholyte for Aqueous Organic Flow Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1295-1301. [PMID: 33200881 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aqueous organic flow battery (AOFB) holds enormous potential as an energy storage device for fluctuating renewable electricity by exploiting the redox reactions of water-soluble organic molecules. The current development is impeded by lack of organic molecules adequate as catholyte, yet how the catholyte structure impacts the battery lifetime remains unexplored. Here, six ferrocene derivatives with deliberately tuned chemical structure were devised. They underwent reversible redox reactions in water, and the redox potentials were inversely related to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy of their energized forms. The stability of the ferrocene derivatives was evaluated in full flow cells and in symmetric cells. Density function theory calculations, along with experimental results, revealed that the localized LUMO density on Fe led to fast capacity fading. BQH-Fc, which has the lowest LUMO density on Fe, showed the highest stability. No capacity loss was observed for the BQH-Fc/BTMAP-Vi cell at 0.1 m, and a high capacity retention rate of 99.993 % h-1 was recorded at 1.5 m, which could be attributed to electrolyte crossover. To facilitate explorations of robust and high capacity catholytes, a method was established to predict the water solubility of ferrocene molecules, and calculations were in good accordance with measured values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yahua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Pan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Zhengjin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pang S, Wang X, Wang P, Ji Y. Biomimetic Amino Acid Functionalized Phenazine Flow Batteries with Long Lifetime at Near-Neutral pH. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5289-5298. [PMID: 33247882 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) are a promising electrochemical technology for large-scale energy storage. We report a biomimetic, ultra-stable AORFB utilizing an amino acid functionalized phenazine (AFP). A series of AFPs with various commercial amino acids at different substituted positions were synthesized and studied. 1,6-AFPs display much higher stability during cycling when compared to 2,7- and 1,8-AFPs. Mechanism investigations reveal that the reduced 2,7- and 1,8-AFPs tend to tautomerize and lose their reversible redox activities, while 1,6-AFPs possess ultra-high stability both in their oxidized and reduced states. By pairing 3,3'-(phenazine-1,6-diylbis(azanediyl))dipropionic acid (1,6-DPAP) with ferrocyanide at pH 8 with 1.0 M electron concentration, this flow battery exhibits an OCV of 1.15 V and an extremely low capacity fade rate of 0.5 % per year. These results show the importance of molecular engineering of redox-active organics for robust redox-flow batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Pang
- School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Wang
- School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunlong Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Street, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pang S, Wang X, Wang P, Ji Y. Biomimetic Amino Acid Functionalized Phenazine Flow Batteries with Long Lifetime at Near‐Neutral pH. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Pang
- School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang China
- Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang China
- Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang China
| | - Pan Wang
- School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang China
- Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang China
| | - Yunlong Ji
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 928 Second Street 310018 Zhejiang China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Y, Xu Z, Liu Y, Jin S, Fell EM, Wang B, Gordon RG, Aziz MJ, Yang Z, Xu T. Functioning Water-Insoluble Ferrocenes for Aqueous Organic Flow Battery via Host-Guest Inclusion. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:745-752. [PMID: 33295127 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ferrocene (Fc) is one of the very limited organic catholyte options for aqueous organic flow batteries (AOFBs), a potential electrochemical energy storage solution to the intermittency of renewable electricity. Commercially available Fc derivatives are barely soluble in water, while existing methods for making water-soluble Fc derivatives by appending hydrophilic or charged moieties are tedious and time-consuming, with low yields. Here, a strategy was developed based on host-guest inclusion to acquire water-soluble Fc-based catholytes by simply mixing Fc derivatives with β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) in water. Factors determining the stability and the electrochemical behavior of the inclusion complexes were identified. When adopted in a neutral pH AOFB, the origin of capacity loss was identified to be a chemical degradation caused by the nucleophilic attack on the center FeIII atom of the oxidized Fc derivatives. By limiting the state of charge, a low capacity fade rate of 0.0073 % h-1 (or 0.0020 % per cycle) was achieved. The proposed strategy may be extended to other families of electrochemically active water-insoluble organic compounds, bringing more electrolyte options for practical AOFB applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ziang Xu
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yahua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shijian Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | - Eric M Fell
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | - Baoguo Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Roy G Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | - Michael J Aziz
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | - Zhengjin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Anjass M, Lowe GA, Streb C. Molekulare Vanadiumoxide für Energiewandlung und Energiespeicherung: Derzeitige Trends und zukünftige Möglichkeiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Montaha Anjass
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie I Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
- Helmholtz-Institut Ulm Helmholtzstraße 12 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Grace A. Lowe
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie I Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Carsten Streb
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie I Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
- Helmholtz-Institut Ulm Helmholtzstraße 12 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chrzanowski M, Collins S, Zeller M, Gray TG. 9‐Borabicyclononane Bipyridyl Complexes: Synthesis, Luminescence, and Electronic Characterization. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Chrzanowski
- Department of Chemistry Case Western Reserve University 10900 Euclid Avenue 44106 Cleveland Ohio United States
| | - Stephanie Collins
- Department of Chemistry Case Western Reserve University 10900 Euclid Avenue 44106 Cleveland Ohio United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 47907 West Lafayette Indiana United States
| | - Thomas G. Gray
- Department of Chemistry Case Western Reserve University 10900 Euclid Avenue 44106 Cleveland Ohio United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chai J, Wang X, Lashgari A, Williams CK, Jiang JJ. A pH-Neutral, Aqueous Redox Flow Battery with a 3600-Cycle Lifetime: Micellization-Enabled High Stability and Crossover Suppression. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4069-4077. [PMID: 32658334 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Redox-flow batteries (RFBs) are a highly promising large-scale energy storage technology for mitigating the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources. Here, the design and implementation of a micellization strategy in an anthraquinone-based, pH-neutral, nontoxic, and metal-free aqueous RFB is reported. The micellization strategy (1) improves stability by protecting the redox-active anthraquinone core with a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) shell and (2) increases the overall size to mitigate the crossover issue through a physical blocking mechanism. Paired with a well-established potassium ferrocyanide catholyte, the micelle-based RFB displayed an excellent capacity retention of 90.7 % after 3600 charge/discharge cycles (28.3 days), corresponding to a capacity retention of 99.67 % per day and 99.998 % per cycle. The mechanistic studies of redox-active materials were also conducted and indicated the absence of side reactions commonly observed in other anthraquinone-based RFBs. The outstanding performance of the RFB demonstrates the effectiveness of the micellization strategy for enhancing the performance of organic material-based aqueous RFBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Chai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45221-0172, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45221-0172, USA
| | - Amir Lashgari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45221-0172, USA
| | - Caroline K Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45221-0172, USA
| | - Jianbing Jimmy Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45221-0172, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Huang J, Dong X, Guo Z, Wang Y. Progress of Organic Electrodes in Aqueous Electrolyte for Energy Storage and Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18322-18333. [PMID: 32329546 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous batteries using inorganic compounds as electrode materials are considered a promising solution for grid-scale energy storage, while wide application is limited by the short life and/or high cost of electrodes. Organics with carbonyl groups are being investigated as the alternative to inorganic electrode materials because they offer the advantages of tunable structures, renewability, and they are environmentally benign. Furthermore, the wide internal space of such organic materials enables flexible storage of various charged ions (for example, H+ , Li+ , Na+ , K+ , Zn2+ , Mg2+ , and Ca2+ , and so on). We offer a comprehensive overview of the progress of organics containing carbonyls for energy storage and conversion in aqueous electrolytes, including applications in aqueous batteries as solid-state electrodes, in flow batteries as soluble redox species, and in water electrolysis as redox buffer electrodes. The advantages of organic electrodes are summarized, with a discussion of the challenges remaining for their practical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhaowei Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang J, Dong X, Guo Z, Wang Y. Progress of Organic Electrodes in Aqueous Electrolyte for Energy Storage and Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Huang
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Zhaowei Guo
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Institute of New Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Miroshnikov M, Mahankali K, Thangavel NK, Satapathy S, Arava LMR, Ajayan PM, John G. Bioderived Molecular Electrodes for Next-Generation Energy-Storage Materials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2186-2204. [PMID: 32100420 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nature-derived organic small molecules, as energy-storage materials, provide low-cost, recyclable, and non-toxic alternatives to inorganic and polymer electrodes for lithium-/sodium-ion batteries and beyond. Some organic carbonyl compounds have met or exceeded the voltages and gravimetric storage capacities achieved by traditional transition metal oxide-based compounds due to the metal-ion coupled redox and facile electron-transport capability of functional groups. Stability issues that previously limited the capacity of small organic molecules can be remediated with reactions to form insoluble salts, noncovalent interactions (hydrogen bonding and π stacking), loading onto substrates, and careful electrolyte selection. The cost-effectiveness and sustainability of organic materials may further be improved by employing porphyrin-based electrodes and multivalent-ion batteries utilizing abundant metals, such as aluminum and zinc. Finally, redox flow batteries take advantage of the solubility of organics for the development of scalable, high power density, and safe energy-storage devices based on aqueous electrolytes. Herein, the advantages and prospects of small molecule-based electrodes, with a focus on nature-derived organic and biomimetic materials, to realize the next-generation of green battery chemistry are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Miroshnikov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Discovery and Innovation, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- The PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kiran Mahankali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr., Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Naresh Kumar Thangavel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr., Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Sitakanta Satapathy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Discovery and Innovation, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Leela Mohana Reddy Arava
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr., Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - George John
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Discovery and Innovation, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- The PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu Y, Li Y, Zuo P, Chen Q, Tang G, Sun P, Yang Z, Xu T. Screening Viologen Derivatives for Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2245-2249. [PMID: 32162480 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Viologen derivatives have been developed as negative electrolyte for neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AOFBs), but the structure-performance relationship remains unclear. Here, it was investigated how the structure of viologens impacts their electrochemical behavior and thereby the battery performance, by taking hydroxylated viologens as examples. Calculations of frontier molecular orbital energy and molecular configuration promise to be an effective tool in predicting potential, kinetics, and stability, and may be broadly applicable. Specifically, a modified viologen derivative, BHOP-Vi, was proved to be the most favorable structure, enabling a concentrated 2 m battery to exhibit a power density of 110.87 mW cm-2 and an excellent capacity retention rate of 99.953 % h-1 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iCHEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iCHEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Peipei Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iCHEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Qianru Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iCHEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Gonggen Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iCHEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Pan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iCHEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Zhengjin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iCHEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iCHEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Navarro-Segarra M, Alday PP, Garcia D, Ibrahim OA, Kjeang E, Sabaté N, Esquivel JP. An Organic Redox Flow Cell-Inspired Paper-Based Primary Battery. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2394-2401. [PMID: 32103609 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A portable paper-based organic redox flow primary battery using sustainable quinone chemistry is presented. The compact prototype relies on the capillary forces of the paper matrix to develop a quasi-steady flow of the reactants through a pair of porous carbon electrodes without the need of external pumps. Co-laminar capillary flow allows operation Under mixed-media conditions, in which an alkaline anolyte and an acidic catholyte are employed. This feature enables higher electrochemical cell voltages during discharge operation and the utilization of a wider range of available species and electrolytes and provides the advantage to form a neutral or near-neutral pH as the electrolytes neutralize at the absorbent pad, which allows a safe disposal after use. The effects of the device design parameters have been studied to enhance battery features such as power output, operational time, and fuel utilization. The device achieves a faradaic efficiency of up to 98 %, which is the highest reported in a capillary-based electrochemical power source, as well as a cell capacity of up to 11.4 Ah L-1 cm-2 , comparable to state-of-the-art large-scale redox flow cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Navarro-Segarra
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/ dels Til⋅lers sn, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Perla Patricia Alday
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/ dels Til⋅lers sn, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Garcia
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/ dels Til⋅lers sn, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Omar A Ibrahim
- Fuel Cell Research Lab (FCReL), School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, V3T 0A3, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Erik Kjeang
- Fuel Cell Research Lab (FCReL), School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, V3T 0A3, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Neus Sabaté
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/ dels Til⋅lers sn, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Esquivel
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/ dels Til⋅lers sn, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shrestha A, Hendriks KH, Sigman MS, Minteer SD, Sanford MS. Realization of an Asymmetric Non‐Aqueous Redox Flow Battery through Molecular Design to Minimize Active Species Crossover and Decomposition. Chemistry 2020; 26:5369-5373. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuska Shrestha
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research Department of Chemistry University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48104 USA
| | - Koen H. Hendriks
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research Department of Chemistry University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48104 USA
| | - Mathew S. Sigman
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research Department of Chemistry University of Utah 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research Department of Chemistry University of Utah 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research Department of Chemistry University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor MI 48104 USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hu B, Luo J, Hu M, Yuan B, Liu TL. A pH‐Neutral, Metal‐Free Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Battery Employing an Ammonium Anthraquinone Anolyte. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUtah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322 USA
| | - Jian Luo
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUtah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322 USA
| | - Maowei Hu
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUtah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322 USA
| | - Bing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - T. Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUtah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322 USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hu B, Luo J, Hu M, Yuan B, Liu TL. A pH-Neutral, Metal-Free Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Battery Employing an Ammonium Anthraquinone Anolyte. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16629-16636. [PMID: 31381221 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Redox-active anthraquinone molecules represent promising anolyte materials in aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs). However, the chemical stability issue and corrosion nature of anthraquinone-based anolytes in reported acidic and alkaline AORFBs constitute a roadblock for their practical applications in energy storage. A feasible strategy to overcome these issues is migrating to pH-neutral conditions and employing soluble AQDS salts. Herein, we report the 9,10-anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic diammonium salt AQDS(NH4 )2 , as an anolyte material for pH-neutral AORFBs with solubility of 1.9 m in water, which is more than 3 times that of the corresponding sodium salt. Paired with an NH4 I catholyte, the resulting pH-neutral AORFB with an energy density of 12.5 Wh L-1 displayed outstanding cycling stability over 300 cycles. Even at the pH-neutral condition, the AQDS(NH4 )2 /NH4 I AORFB delivered an impressive energy efficiency of 70.6 % at 60 mA cm-2 and a high power density of 91.5 mW cm-2 at 100 % SOC. The present AQDS(NH4 )2 flow battery chemistry opens a new avenue to apply anthraquinone molecules in developing low-cost and benign pH-neutral flow batteries for scalable energy storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Jian Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Maowei Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Bing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - T Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li G, Zhang B, Wang J, Zhao H, Ma W, Xu L, Zhang W, Zhou K, Du Y, He G. Electrochromic Poly(chalcogenoviologen)s as Anode Materials for High‐Performance Organic Radical Lithium‐Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8468-8473. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Hongyang Zhao
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Wenqiang Ma
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Letian Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Yaping Du
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Institute for Advanced MaterialsNankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Gang He
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Strater ZM, Rauch M, Jockusch S, Lambert TH. Oxidizable Ketones: Persistent Radical Cations from the Single‐Electron Oxidation of 2,3‐Diaminocyclopropenones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zack M. Strater
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Michael Rauch
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Steffen Jockusch
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Tristan H. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li G, Zhang B, Wang J, Zhao H, Ma W, Xu L, Zhang W, Zhou K, Du Y, He G. Electrochromic Poly(chalcogenoviologen)s as Anode Materials for High‐Performance Organic Radical Lithium‐Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Hongyang Zhao
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Wenqiang Ma
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Letian Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Yaping Du
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Institute for Advanced MaterialsNankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Gang He
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresXi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials ChemistryXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Strater ZM, Rauch M, Jockusch S, Lambert TH. Oxidizable Ketones: Persistent Radical Cations from the Single-Electron Oxidation of 2,3-Diaminocyclopropenones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8049-8052. [PMID: 30964215 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Single electron oxidation of 2,3-diaminocyclopropenones is shown to give rise to stable diaminocyclopropenium oxyl (DACO) radical cations. Cyclic voltammetry reveals reversible oxidations in the range of +0.70-1.10 V (vs. SCE). Computational, EPR, and X-ray analysis support the view that the oxidized species is best described as a cyclopropenium ion with spin density located on the heteroatom substituents, including 23.5 % on oxygen. The metal-ligand behavior of the DACO radical is also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zack M Strater
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Michael Rauch
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Steffen Jockusch
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu W, Lu W, Zhang H, Li X. Aqueous Flow Batteries: Research and Development. Chemistry 2018; 25:1649-1664. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiu Liu
- Division of Energy Storage; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhongshan Road 457 Dalian 116023 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- Division of Energy Storage; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhongshan Road 457 Dalian 116023 P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Huamin Zhang
- Division of Energy Storage; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhongshan Road 457 Dalian 116023 P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; Zhongshan Road 457 Dalian 116023 P.R. China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Division of Energy Storage; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhongshan Road 457 Dalian 116023 P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials; Zhongshan Road 457 Dalian 116023 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li G, Xu L, Zhang W, Zhou K, Ding Y, Liu F, He X, He G. Narrow-Bandgap Chalcogenoviologens for Electrochromism and Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4897-4901. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Letian Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Yousong Ding
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Fenglin Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Xiaoming He
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Gang He
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li G, Xu L, Zhang W, Zhou K, Ding Y, Liu F, He X, He G. Narrow-Bandgap Chalcogenoviologens for Electrochromism and Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Letian Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Yousong Ding
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Fenglin Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| | - Xiaoming He
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Gang He
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Luo J, Hu B, Debruler C, Liu TL. A π-Conjugation Extended Viologen as a Two-Electron Storage Anolyte for Total Organic Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:231-235. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- Chemistry and Biochemistry; Utah State University; 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT USA
| | - Bo Hu
- Chemistry and Biochemistry; Utah State University; 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT USA
| | - Camden Debruler
- Chemistry and Biochemistry; Utah State University; 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT USA
| | - Tianbiao Leo Liu
- Chemistry and Biochemistry; Utah State University; 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Luo J, Hu B, Debruler C, Liu TL. A π-Conjugation Extended Viologen as a Two-Electron Storage Anolyte for Total Organic Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- Chemistry and Biochemistry; Utah State University; 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT USA
| | - Bo Hu
- Chemistry and Biochemistry; Utah State University; 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT USA
| | - Camden Debruler
- Chemistry and Biochemistry; Utah State University; 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT USA
| | - Tianbiao Leo Liu
- Chemistry and Biochemistry; Utah State University; 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Striepe L, Baumgartner T. Viologens and Their Application as Functional Materials. Chemistry 2017; 23:16924-16940. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Striepe
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- Current address: Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele St Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chang Z, Henkensmeier D, Chen R. One-Step Cationic Grafting of 4-Hydroxy-TEMPO and its Application in a Hybrid Redox Flow Battery with a Crosslinked PBI Membrane. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3193-3197. [PMID: 28714295 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
By using a one-step epoxide ring-opening reaction between 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (4-hydroxy-TEMPO) and glycidyltrimethylammonium cation (GTMA+ ), we synthesized a cation-grafted TEMPO (g+ -TEMPO) and studied its electrochemical performance against a Zn2+ /Zn anode in a hybrid redox flow battery. To conduct Cl- counter anions, a crosslinked methylated polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane was prepared and placed between the catholyte and anolyte. Compared to 4-hydroxy-TEMPO, the positively charged g+ - TEMPO exhibits enhanced reaction kinetics. Moreover, flow battery tests with g+ -TEMPO show improved Coulombic, voltage, and energy efficiencies and cycling stability over 140 cycles. Crossover of active species through the membrane was not detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Chang
- Transfercenter Sustainable Electrochemistry, Saarland University, 66125, Saarbrücken, Germany
- KIST Europe, Campus E7 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology (JUST), 212003, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Dirk Henkensmeier
- Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, KIST), 02792, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- ET-GT, University of Science and Technology, UST), 02792, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruiyong Chen
- Transfercenter Sustainable Electrochemistry, Saarland University, 66125, Saarbrücken, Germany
- KIST Europe, Campus E7 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Navalpotro P, Palma J, Anderson M, Marcilla R. A Membrane-Free Redox Flow Battery with Two Immiscible Redox Electrolytes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12460-12465. [PMID: 28658538 PMCID: PMC5655901 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Flexible and scalable energy storage solutions are necessary for mitigating fluctuations of renewable energy sources. The main advantage of redox flow batteries is their ability to decouple power and energy. However, they present some limitations including poor performance, short‐lifetimes, and expensive ion‐selective membranes as well as high price, toxicity, and scarcity of vanadium compounds. We report a membrane‐free battery that relies on the immiscibility of redox electrolytes and where vanadium is replaced by organic molecules. We show that the biphasic system formed by one acidic solution and one ionic liquid, both containing quinoyl species, behaves as a reversible battery without any membrane. This proof‐of‐concept of a membrane‐free battery has an open circuit voltage of 1.4 V with a high theoretical energy density of 22.5 Wh L−1, and is able to deliver 90 % of its theoretical capacity while showing excellent long‐term performance (coulombic efficiency of 100 % and energy efficiency of 70 %).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Navalpotro
- Electrochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 2, 8935, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Jesus Palma
- Electrochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 2, 8935, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Marc Anderson
- Electrochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 2, 8935, Móstoles, Spain.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Rebeca Marcilla
- Electrochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 2, 8935, Móstoles, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Navalpotro P, Palma J, Anderson M, Marcilla R. A Membrane‐Free Redox Flow Battery with Two Immiscible Redox Electrolytes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Navalpotro
- Electrochemical Processes Unit IMDEA Energy Institute Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 2 8935 Móstoles Spain
| | - Jesus Palma
- Electrochemical Processes Unit IMDEA Energy Institute Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 2 8935 Móstoles Spain
| | - Marc Anderson
- Electrochemical Processes Unit IMDEA Energy Institute Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 2 8935 Móstoles Spain
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Rebeca Marcilla
- Electrochemical Processes Unit IMDEA Energy Institute Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 2 8935 Móstoles Spain
| |
Collapse
|