1
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Wang X, Lin X, Jiang Y, Qin X, Ma N, Yao F, Dong S, Liu C, Feng Y, Jin L, Xian M, Cong Z. Engineering Cytochrome P450BM3 Enzymes for Direct Nitration of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217678. [PMID: 36660956 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Applications of the peroxidase activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes in synthetic chemistry remain largely unexplored. We present herein a protein engineering strategy to increase cytochrome P450BM3 peroxidase activity for the direct nitration of aromatic compounds and terminal aryl-substituted olefins in the presence of a dual-functional small molecule (DFSM). Site-directed mutations of key active-site residues allowed the efficient regulation of steric effects to limit substrate access and, thus, a significant decrease in monooxygenation activity and increase in peroxidase activity. Nitration of several phenol and aniline compounds also yielded ortho- and para-nitration products with moderate-to-high total turnover numbers. Besides direct aromatic nitration by P450 variants using nitrite as a nitrating agent, we also demonstrated the use of the DFSM-facilitated P450 peroxidase system for the nitration of the vinyl group of styrene and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Xiaodan Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiping Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Xiangquan Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Nana Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fuquan Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Sheng Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Chuanfei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Yingang Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Longyi Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Zhiqi Cong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Becker M, Ziemińska-Stolarska A, Markowska D, Lütz S, Rosenthal K. Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Chemical and Biocatalytic 2'3'-Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthesis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201629. [PMID: 36416867 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Life cycle assessments (LCAs) can provide insights into the environmental impact of production processes. In this study, a comparative LCA was performed for the synthesis of 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (2'3'-cGAMP) in an early development stage. The cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) is of interest for pharmaceutical applications such as cancer immunotherapy. CDNs can be synthesized either by enzymes or chemical catalysis. It is not known which of the routes is more sustainable as both routes have their advantages and disadvantages, such as a poor yield for the chemical synthesis and low titers for the biocatalytic synthesis. The synthesis routes were compared for the production of 200 g 2'3'-cGAMP based on laboratory data to assess the environmental impacts. The biocatalytic synthesis turned out to be superior to the chemical synthesis in all considered categories by at least one magnitude, for example, a global warming potential of 3055.6 kg CO2 equiv. for the enzymatic route and 56454.0 kg CO2 equiv. for the chemical synthesis, which is 18 times higher. This study demonstrates the value of assessment at an early development stage, when the choice between different routes is still possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Becker
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Straße 66, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Dorota Markowska
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Stephan Lütz
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Straße 66, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katrin Rosenthal
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Straße 66, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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3
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Guo H, Sun N, Guo J, Zhou TP, Tang L, Zhang W, Deng Y, Liao RZ, Wu Y, Wu G, Zhong F. Expanding the Promiscuity of a Copper-Dependent Oxidase for Enantioselective Cross-Coupling of Indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219034. [PMID: 36789864 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose the highly enantioselective oxidative cross-coupling of 3-hydroxyindole esters with various nucleophilic partners as catalyzed by copper efflux oxidase. The biocatalytic transformation delivers functionalized 2,2-disubstituted indolin-3-ones with excellent optical purity (90-99 % ee), which exhibited anticancer activity against MCF-7 cell lines, as shown by preliminary biological evaluation. Mechanistic studies and molecular docking results suggest the formation of a phenoxyl radical and enantiocontrol facilitated by a suited enzyme chiral pocket. This study is significant with regard to expanding the catalytic repertoire of natural multicopper oxidases as well as enlarging the synthetic toolbox for sustainable asymmetric oxidative coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Guo
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ningning Sun
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tai-Ping Zhou
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Langyu Tang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yaming Deng
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guojiao Wu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fangrui Zhong
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
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4
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Kratky J, Eggerichs D, Heine T, Hofmann S, Sowa P, Weiße RH, Tischler D, Sträter N. Structural and Mechanistic Studies on Substrate and Stereoselectivity of the Indole Monooxygenase VpIndA1: New Avenues for Biocatalytic Epoxidations and Sulfoxidations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300657. [PMID: 36762980 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Flavoprotein monooxygenases are a versatile group of enzymes for biocatalytic transformations. Among these, group E monooxygenases (GEMs) catalyze enantioselective epoxidation and sulfoxidation reactions. Here, we describe the crystal structure of an indole monooxygenase from the bacterium Variovorax paradoxus EPS, a GEM designated as VpIndA1. Complex structures with substrates reveal productive binding modes that, in conjunction with force-field calculations and rapid mixing kinetics, reveal the structural basis of substrate and stereoselectivity. Structure-based redesign of the substrate cavity yielded variants with new substrate selectivity (for sulfoxidation of benzyl phenyl sulfide) or with greatly enhanced stereoselectivity (from 35.1 % to 99.8 % ee for production of (1S,2R)-indene oxide). This first determination of the substrate binding mode of GEMs combined with structure-function relationships opens the door for structure-based design of these powerful biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kratky
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Eggerichs
- Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Environmental Microbiology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Hofmann
- Environmental Microbiology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Sowa
- Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Renato H Weiße
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Tischler
- Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.,Environmental Microbiology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Sträter
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Yan Y, Zheng C, Song W, Wu J, Guo L, Gao C, Liu J, Chen X, Zhu M, Liu L. Efficient Production of Epoxy-Norbornane from Norbornene by an Engineered P450 Peroxygenase. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200529. [PMID: 36354378 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy-norbornane (EPO-NBE) is a crucial building block for the synthesis of various biologically active heterocyclic systems. To develop an efficient protocol for producing EPO-NBE using norbornene (NBE) as a substrate, cytochrome P450 enzyme from Pseudomonas putida (CYP238A1) was examined and its crystal structure (PDB code: 7X53) was resolved. Molecular mechanism analysis showed a high energy barrier related to iron-alkoxy radical complex formation. Therefore, a protein engineering strategy was developed and an optimal CYP238A1NPV variant containing a local hydrophobic "fence" at the active site was obtained, which increased the H2 O2 -dependent epoxidation activity by 7.5-fold compared with that of CYP238A1WT . Among the "fence", Glu255 participates in an efficient proton transfer system. Whole-cell transformation using CYP238A1NPV achieved an EPO-NBE yield of 77.6 g ⋅ L-1 in a 30-L reactor with 66.3 % conversion. These results demonstrate the potential of this system for industrial production of EPO-NBE and provides a new biocatalytic platform for epoxidation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Chenni Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Cong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Wuxi Acryl Technology Co., Ltd., Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
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6
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Pogrányi B, Mielke T, Díaz-Rodríguez A, Cartwright J, Unsworth WP, Grogan G. Preparative-Scale Biocatalytic Oxygenation of N-Heterocycles with a Lyophilized Peroxygenase Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214759. [PMID: 36453718 PMCID: PMC10107140 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A lyophilized preparation of an unspecific peroxygenase variant from Agrocybe aegerita (rAaeUPO-PaDa-I-H) is a highly effective catalyst for the oxygenation of a diverse range of N-heterocyclic compounds. Scalable biocatalytic oxygenations (27 preparative examples, ca. 100 mg scale) have been developed across a wide range of substrates, including alkyl pyridines, bicyclic N-heterocycles and indoles. H2 O2 is the only stoichiometric oxidant needed, without auxiliary electron transport proteins, which is key to the practicality of the method. Reaction outcomes can be altered depending on whether hydrogen peroxide was delivered by syringe pump or through in situ generation using an alcohol oxidase from Pichia pastoris (PpAOX) and methanol as a co-substrate. Good synthetic yields (up to 84 %), regioselectivity and enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee) were observed in some cases, highlighting the promise of UPOs as practical, versatile and scalable oxygenation biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Pogrányi
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Tamara Mielke
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Alba Díaz-Rodríguez
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Jared Cartwright
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - William P Unsworth
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gideon Grogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington York, YO10 5DD, UK
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7
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Robinson WXQ, Mielke T, Melling B, Cuetos A, Parkin A, Unsworth WP, Cartwright J, Grogan G. Comparing the Catalytic and Structural Characteristics of a 'Short' Unspecific Peroxygenase (UPO) Expressed in Pichia pastoris and Escherichia coli. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200558. [PMID: 36374006 PMCID: PMC10098773 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) have emerged as valuable tools for the oxygenation of non-activated carbon atoms, as they exhibit high turnovers, good stability and depend only on hydrogen peroxide as the external oxidant for activity. However, the isolation of UPOs from their natural fungal sources remains a barrier to wider application. We have cloned the gene encoding an 'artificial' peroxygenase (artUPO), close in sequence to the 'short' UPO from Marasmius rotula (MroUPO), and expressed it in both the yeast Pichia pastoris and E. coli to compare the catalytic and structural characteristics of the enzymes produced in each system. Catalytic efficiency for the UPO substrate 5-nitro-1,3-benzodioxole (NBD) was largely the same for both enzymes, and the structures also revealed few differences apart from the expected glycosylation of the yeast enzyme. However, the glycosylated enzyme displayed greater stability, as determined by nano differential scanning fluorimetry (nano-DSF) measurements. Interestingly, while artUPO hydroxylated ethylbenzene derivatives to give the (R)-alcohols, also given by a variant of the 'long' UPO from Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO), it gave the opposite (S)-series of sulfoxide products from a range of sulfide substrates, broadening the scope for application of the enzymes. The structures of artUPO reveal substantial differences to that of AaeUPO, and provide a platform for investigating the distinctive activity of this and related'short' UPOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy X Q Robinson
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Tamara Mielke
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Benjamin Melling
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Anibal Cuetos
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Alison Parkin
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - William P Unsworth
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jared Cartwright
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gideon Grogan
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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8
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Ofori Atta L, Zhou Z, Roelfes G. In Vivo Biocatalytic Cascades Featuring an Artificial-Enzyme-Catalysed New-to-Nature Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214191. [PMID: 36342952 PMCID: PMC10100225 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Artificial enzymes utilizing the genetically encoded non-proteinogenic amino acid p-aminophenylalanine (pAF) as a catalytic residue are able to react with carbonyl compounds through an iminium ion mechanism to promote reactions that have no equivalent in nature. Herein, we report an in vivo biocatalytic cascade that is augmented with such an artificial enzyme-catalysed new-to-nature reaction. The artificial enzyme in this study is a pAF-containing evolved variant of the lactococcal multidrug-resistance regulator, designated LmrR_V15pAF_RMH, which efficiently converts benzaldehyde derivatives produced in vivo into the corresponding hydrazone products inside E. coli cells. These in vivo biocatalytic cascades comprising an artificial-enzyme-catalysed reaction are an important step towards achieving a hybrid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ofori Atta
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Current address: School of Life Science and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Gerard Roelfes
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Wang Q, Jiang X, Gao Y, Yin L, Wei X, Guo K, Gao X, Wang L, Zhang C. Studies on Biosynthesis of Chiral Sulfoxides by Using P450 119 Peroxygenase and Its Mutants. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Southwest Medical University No. 1, Section 1, XiangLin road, Longmatan District Luzhou 646000 China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University No. 25 Taiping road, Jiangyang District Luzhou 646000 China
- Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese Medicine Luojiang Town, Tongchuan District Dazhou 635000 China
| | - Xin‐Meng Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Southwest Medical University No. 1, Section 1, XiangLin road, Longmatan District Luzhou 646000 China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University No. 25 Taiping road, Jiangyang District Luzhou 646000 China
| | - Yan‐Ping Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Southwest Medical University No. 1, Section 1, XiangLin road, Longmatan District Luzhou 646000 China
| | - Li‐Ping Yin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Southwest Medical University No. 1, Section 1, XiangLin road, Longmatan District Luzhou 646000 China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University No. 25 Taiping road, Jiangyang District Luzhou 646000 China
| | - Xiao‐Yao Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Southwest Medical University No. 1, Section 1, XiangLin road, Longmatan District Luzhou 646000 China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Southwest Medical University No. 1, Section 1, XiangLin road, Longmatan District Luzhou 646000 China
| | - Xiao‐Wei Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Southwest Medical University No. 1, Section 1, XiangLin road, Longmatan District Luzhou 646000 China
| | - Li Wang
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University No. 25 Taiping road, Jiangyang District Luzhou 646000 China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University No. 25 Taiping road, Jiangyang District Luzhou 646000 China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Southwest Medical University No. 1, Section 1, XiangLin road, Longmatan District Luzhou 646000 China
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10
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Croci F, Vilím J, Adamopoulou T, Tseliou V, Schoenmakers PJ, Knaus T, Mutti FG. Continuous Flow Biocatalytic Reductive Amination by Co-Entrapping Dehydrogenases with Agarose Gel in a 3D-Printed Mould Reactor. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200549. [PMID: 36173971 PMCID: PMC9828473 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we show how the merge of biocatalysis with flow chemistry aided by 3D-printing technologies can facilitate organic synthesis. This concept was exemplified for the reductive amination of benzaldehyde catalysed by co-immobilised amine dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase in a continuous flow micro-reactor. For this purpose, we investigated enzyme co-immobilisation by covalent binding, or ion-affinity binding, or entrapment. Entrapment in an agarose hydrogel turned out to be the most promising solution for this biocatalytic reaction. Therefore, we developed a scalable and customisable approach whereby an agarose hydrogel containing the co-entrapped dehydrogenases was cast in a 3D-printed mould. The reactor was applied to the reductive amination of benzaldehyde in continuous flow over 120 h and afforded 47 % analytical yield and a space-time yield of 7.4 g L day-1 using 0.03 mol% biocatalysts loading. This work also exemplifies how rapid prototyping of enzymatic reactions in flow can be achieved through 3D-printing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Croci
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Vilím
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Theodora Adamopoulou
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Vasilis Tseliou
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Schoenmakers
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tanja Knaus
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Francesco G. Mutti
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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11
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Wen X, Leisinger F, Leopold V, Seebeck FP. Synthetic Reagents for Enzyme‐Catalyzed Methylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208746. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Wen
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a 4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Florian Leisinger
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a 4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Viviane Leopold
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a 4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Florian P. Seebeck
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a 4002 Basel Switzerland
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12
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Zhang K, Li C, Jia Y, Zhao W. Asymmetric Oxidative Lactonization of Enynyl Boronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209004. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kezhuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University 410082 Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University 410082 Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Yining Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University 410082 Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Wanxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University 410082 Changsha Hunan P. R. China
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13
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Jurkaš V, Weissensteiner F, De Santis P, Vrabl S, Sorgenfrei FA, Bierbaumer S, Kara S, Kourist R, Wangikar PP, Winkler CK, Kroutil W. Transmembrane Shuttling of Photosynthetically Produced Electrons to Propel Extracellular Biocatalytic Redox Reactions in a Modular Fashion. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202207971. [PMID: 38505002 PMCID: PMC10946770 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Many biocatalytic redox reactions depend on the cofactor NAD(P)H, which may be provided by dedicated recycling systems. Exploiting light and water for NADPH-regeneration as it is performed, e.g. by cyanobacteria, is conceptually very appealing due to its high atom economy. However, the current use of cyanobacteria is limited, e.g. by challenging and time-consuming heterologous enzyme expression in cyanobacteria as well as limitations of substrate or product transport through the cell wall. Here we establish a transmembrane electron shuttling system propelled by the cyanobacterial photosynthesis to drive extracellular NAD(P)H-dependent redox reactions. The modular photo-electron shuttling (MPS) overcomes the need for cloning and problems associated with enzyme- or substrate-toxicity and substrate uptake. The MPS was demonstrated on four classes of enzymes with 19 enzymes and various types of substrates, reaching conversions of up to 99 % and giving products with >99 % optical purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Jurkaš
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010GrazAustria
| | | | - Piera De Santis
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010GrazAustria
- Department of Engineering, Biological and Chemical Engineering SectionBiocatalysis and Bioprocessing GroupAarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 108000AarhusDenmark
| | - Stephan Vrabl
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010GrazAustria
| | - Frieda A. Sorgenfrei
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, c/oInstitute of Chemistry, University of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010GrazAustria
| | - Sarah Bierbaumer
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010GrazAustria
| | - Selin Kara
- Department of Engineering, Biological and Chemical Engineering SectionBiocatalysis and Bioprocessing GroupAarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 108000AarhusDenmark
| | - Robert Kourist
- Institute of Molecular BiotechnologyGraz University of TechnologyPetersgasse 148010GrazAustria
| | - Pramod P. Wangikar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076 IndiaDBT-Pan IIT Centre for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076 IndiaWadhwani Research Centre for BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology BombayPowaiMumbai 400076India
| | | | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010GrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth—University of Graz8010GrazAustria
- BioTechMed Graz8010GrazAustria
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14
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Jurkaš V, Weissensteiner F, De Santis P, Vrabl S, Sorgenfrei FA, Bierbaumer S, Kara S, Kourist R, Wangikar PP, Winkler CK, Kroutil W. Transmembrane Shuttling of Photosynthetically Produced Electrons to Propel Extracellular Biocatalytic Redox Reactions in a Modular Fashion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207971. [PMID: 35921249 PMCID: PMC9804152 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many biocatalytic redox reactions depend on the cofactor NAD(P)H, which may be provided by dedicated recycling systems. Exploiting light and water for NADPH-regeneration as it is performed, e.g. by cyanobacteria, is conceptually very appealing due to its high atom economy. However, the current use of cyanobacteria is limited, e.g. by challenging and time-consuming heterologous enzyme expression in cyanobacteria as well as limitations of substrate or product transport through the cell wall. Here we establish a transmembrane electron shuttling system propelled by the cyanobacterial photosynthesis to drive extracellular NAD(P)H-dependent redox reactions. The modular photo-electron shuttling (MPS) overcomes the need for cloning and problems associated with enzyme- or substrate-toxicity and substrate uptake. The MPS was demonstrated on four classes of enzymes with 19 enzymes and various types of substrates, reaching conversions of up to 99 % and giving products with >99 % optical purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Jurkaš
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010GrazAustria
| | | | - Piera De Santis
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010GrazAustria
- Department of Engineering, Biological and Chemical Engineering SectionBiocatalysis and Bioprocessing GroupAarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 108000AarhusDenmark
| | - Stephan Vrabl
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010GrazAustria
| | - Frieda A. Sorgenfrei
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, c/oInstitute of Chemistry, University of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010GrazAustria
| | - Sarah Bierbaumer
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010GrazAustria
| | - Selin Kara
- Department of Engineering, Biological and Chemical Engineering SectionBiocatalysis and Bioprocessing GroupAarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 108000AarhusDenmark
| | - Robert Kourist
- Institute of Molecular BiotechnologyGraz University of TechnologyPetersgasse 148010GrazAustria
| | - Pramod P. Wangikar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076 IndiaDBT-Pan IIT Centre for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076 IndiaWadhwani Research Centre for BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology BombayPowaiMumbai 400076India
| | | | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010GrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth—University of Graz8010GrazAustria
- BioTechMed Graz8010GrazAustria
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15
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Zhang K, Li C, Jia Y, Zhao W. Asymmetric Oxidative Lactonization of Enynyl Boronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wanxiang Zhao
- Hunan University chemistry Yuelushan, Changsha 410082 changsha CHINA
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16
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Wen X, Leisinger F, Leopold V, Seebeck FP. Synthetic reagents for enzyme‐catalyzed methylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Wen
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Department of Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Florian Leisinger
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Department of Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Viviane Leopold
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Department of Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Florian P. Seebeck
- University of Basel Department of Chemistry St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel SWITZERLAND
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17
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Ma Y, Zhang N, Vernet G, Kara S. Design of fusion enzymes for biocatalytic applications in aqueous and non-aqueous media. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:944226. [PMID: 35935496 PMCID: PMC9354712 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.944226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocatalytic cascades play a fundamental role in sustainable chemical synthesis. Fusion enzymes are one of the powerful toolboxes to enable the tailored combination of multiple enzymes for efficient cooperative cascades. Especially, this approach offers a substantial potential for the practical application of cofactor-dependent oxidoreductases by forming cofactor self-sufficient cascades. Adequate cofactor recycling while keeping the oxidized/reduced cofactor in a confined microenvironment benefits from the fusion fashion and makes the use of oxidoreductases in harsh non-aqueous media practical. In this mini-review, we have summarized the application of various fusion enzymes in aqueous and non-aqueous media with a focus on the discussion of linker design within oxidoreductases. The design and properties of the reported linkers have been reviewed in detail. Besides, the substrate loadings in these studies have been listed to showcase one of the key limitations (low solubility of hydrophobic substrates) of aqueous biocatalysis when it comes to efficiency and economic feasibility. Therefore, a straightforward strategy of applying non-aqueous media has been briefly discussed while the potential of using the fusion oxidoreductase of interest in organic media was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guillem Vernet
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Selin Kara
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Selin Kara,
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18
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Zhang K, Yu A, Chu X, Li F, Liu J, Liu L, Bai W, He C, Wang X. Biocatalytic Enantioselective β‐Hydroxylation of Unactivated C−H Bonds in Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204290. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 China
| | - Aiqin Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 China
| | - Xuan Chu
- School of Life Science Economic and Technology Development Zone Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Fudong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics School of Life Sciences Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230027 China
| | - Juan Liu
- Testing Center Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Life Science Economic and Technology Development Zone Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Wen‐Ju Bai
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Chao He
- School of Life Science Economic and Technology Development Zone Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Xiqing Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 China
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19
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Charlton SN, Hayes MA. Oxygenating Biocatalysts for Hydroxyl Functionalisation in Drug Discovery and Development. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200115. [PMID: 35385205 PMCID: PMC9323455 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
C-H oxyfunctionalisation remains a distinct challenge for synthetic organic chemists. Oxygenases and peroxygenases (grouped here as "oxygenating biocatalysts") catalyse the oxidation of a substrate with molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. The application of oxygenating biocatalysts in organic synthesis has dramatically increased over the last decade, producing complex compounds with potential uses in the pharmaceutical industry. This review will focus on hydroxyl functionalisation using oxygenating biocatalysts as a tool for drug discovery and development. Established oxygenating biocatalysts, such as cytochrome P450s and flavin-dependent monooxygenases, have widely been adopted for this purpose, but can suffer from low activity, instability or limited substrate scope. Therefore, emerging oxygenating biocatalysts which offer an alternative will also be covered, as well as considering the ways in which these hydroxylation biotransformations can be applied in drug discovery and development, such as late-stage functionalisation (LSF) and in biocatalytic cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha N. Charlton
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol, Cantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Martin A. Hayes
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery SciencesBiopharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
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20
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Zhang K, Yu A, Chu X, Li F, Liu J, Liu L, Bai W, He C, Wang X. Biocatalytic Enantioselective β‐Hydroxylation of Unactivated C−H Bonds in Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 China
| | - Aiqin Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 China
| | - Xuan Chu
- School of Life Science Economic and Technology Development Zone Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Fudong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics School of Life Sciences Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230027 China
| | - Juan Liu
- Testing Center Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Life Science Economic and Technology Development Zone Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Wen‐Ju Bai
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Chao He
- School of Life Science Economic and Technology Development Zone Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Xiqing Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 China
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21
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Mahor D, Cong Z, Weissenborn MJ, Hollmann F, Zhang W. Valorization of Small Alkanes by Biocatalytic Oxyfunctionalization. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202101116. [PMID: 34288540 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of alkanes into valuable chemical products is a vital reaction in organic synthesis. This reaction, however, is challenging, owing to the inertness of C-H bonds. Transition metal catalysts for C-H functionalization are frequently explored. Despite chemical alternatives, nature has also evolved powerful oxidative enzymes (e. g., methane monooxygenases, cytochrome P450 oxygenases, peroxygenases) that are capable of transforming C-H bonds under very mild conditions, with only the use of molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as electron acceptors. Although progress in alkane oxidation has been reviewed extensively, little attention has been paid to small alkane oxidation. The latter holds great potential for the manufacture of chemicals. This Minireview provides a concise overview of the most relevant enzyme classes capable of small alkanes (C<6 ) oxyfunctionalization, describes the essentials of the catalytic mechanisms, and critically outlines the current state-of-the-art in preparative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Mahor
- National Innovation Center for Synthetic Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, P. R. China
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Odisha, 760010, India
| | - Zhiqi Cong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Martin J Weissenborn
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Saale), Germany
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- National Innovation Center for Synthetic Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, P. R. China
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22
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Alcántara AR, Domínguez de María P, Littlechild JA, Schürmann M, Sheldon RA, Wohlgemuth R. Biocatalysis as Key to Sustainable Industrial Chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102709. [PMID: 35238475 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The role and power of biocatalysis in sustainable chemistry has been continuously brought forward step by step to its present outstanding position. The problem-solving capabilities of biocatalysis have been realized by numerous substantial achievements in biology, chemistry and engineering. Advances and breakthroughs in the life sciences and interdisciplinary cooperation with chemistry have clearly accelerated the implementation of biocatalytic synthesis in modern chemistry. Resource-efficient biocatalytic manufacturing processes have already provided numerous benefits to sustainable chemistry as well as customer-centric value creation in the pharmaceutical, food, flavor, fragrance, vitamin, agrochemical, polymer, specialty, and fine chemical industries. Biocatalysis can make significant contributions not only to manufacturing processes, but also to the design of completely new value-creation chains. Biocatalysis can now be considered as a key enabling technology to implement sustainable chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés R Alcántara
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences (QUICIFARM), Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040-, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Domínguez de María
- Sustainable Momentum, SL, Av. Ansite 3, 4-6, 35011, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Is., Spain
| | - Jennifer A Littlechild
- Henry Wellcome Building for Biocatalysis, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Roland Wohlgemuth
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
- Swiss Coordination Committee for Biotechnology, 8021, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Wang J, Woodley JM. In Situ Cofactor Regeneration Using NAD(P)H Oxidase: Enzyme Stability in a Bubble Column. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- Technical University of Denmark Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineerning Søltofts Plads Bygning 228A, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby 2800 2800 Kgs. Lyngby DENMARK
| | - John M. Woodley
- Technical University of Denmark Department of Chemical Engineering S�ltofts Plads DK-2800 Lyngby DENMARK
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24
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Fessner ND, Badenhorst CPS, Bornscheuer UT. Enzyme Kits to Facilitate the Integration of Biocatalysis into Organic Chemistry – First Aid for Synthetic Chemists. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico D. Fessner
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of Biochemistry University of Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Christoffel P. S. Badenhorst
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of Biochemistry University of Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of Biochemistry University of Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
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25
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Fessner ND, Weber H, Glieder A. Regioselective Hydroxylation of Stilbenes by White‐Rot Fungal P450s Enables Preparative‐Scale Synthesis of Stilbenoids. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Dennis Fessner
- Technische Universitat Graz Fakultät für Technische Chemie, Verfahrenstechnik und Biotechnologie Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz AUSTRIA
| | - Hansjörg Weber
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Institute of Organic Chemistry 8010 Graz AUSTRIA
| | - Anton Glieder
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Institute of Molecular Biotechnology 8010 Graz AUSTRIA
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26
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Wied P, Carraro F, Bolivar JM, Doonan CJ, Falcaro P, Nidetzky B. Combining a Genetically Engineered Oxidase with Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks (HOFs) for Highly Efficient Biocomposites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117345. [PMID: 35038217 PMCID: PMC9305891 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes incorporated into hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) via bottom‐up synthesis are promising biocomposites for applications in catalysis and sensing. Here, we explored synthetic incorporation of d‐amino acid oxidase (DAAO) with the metal‐free tetraamidine/tetracarboxylate‐based BioHOF‐1 in water. N‐terminal enzyme fusion with the positively charged module Zbasic2 strongly boosted the loading (2.5‐fold; ≈500 mg enzyme gmaterial−1) and the specific activity (6.5‐fold; 23 U mg−1). The DAAO@BioHOF‐1 composites showed superior activity with respect to every reported carrier for the same enzyme and excellent stability during catalyst recycling. Further, extension to other enzymes, including cytochrome P450 BM3 (used in the production of high‐value oxyfunctionalized compounds), points to the versatility of genetic engineering as a strategy for the preparation of biohybrid systems with unprecedented properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wied
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/1, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/Z2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Francesco Carraro
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/Z2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Juan M Bolivar
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian J Doonan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Paolo Falcaro
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/Z2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/1, 8010, Graz, Austria
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27
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Wied P, Carraro F, Bolivar JM, Doonan CJ, Falcaro P, Nidetzky B. Combining Genetically Engineered Oxidase with Hydrogen Bonded Organic Framework (HOF) for Highly Efficient Biocomposites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wied
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering AUSTRIA
| | - Francesco Carraro
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Physical Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Juan M. Bolivar
- Complutense University of Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid Biochemical Engineering SPAIN
| | - Christian J. Doonan
- University of Adelaide Press: The University of Adelaide Chemistry AUSTRALIA
| | - Paolo Falcaro
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Physical Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz AUSTRIA
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28
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Dippe M, Herrmann S, Pecher P, Funke E, Pietzsch M, Wessjohann L. Engineered bacterial flavin-dependent monooxygenases for the regiospecific hydroxylation of polycyclic phenols. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100480. [PMID: 34979058 PMCID: PMC9303722 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
4-Hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase (4HPA3H), a flavin-dependent monooxygenase from E. coli that catalyzes the hydroxylation of monophenols to catechols, was modified by rational re-design to convert also more bulky substrates, especially phenolic natural products like phenylpropanoids, flavones or coumarins. Selected amino acid positions in the binding pocket of 4HPA3H were exchanged by residues from the homologous protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, yielding variants with improved conversion of spacious substrates such as the flavonoid naringenin or the alkaloid mimetic 2-hydroxycarbazole. Reactions were followed by an adapted Fe(III)-catechol chromogenic assay selective for the products. Especially substitution of the residue Y301 facilitated modulation of substrate specificity: introduction of non-aromatic but hydrophobic (iso)leucine resulted in the preference of the substrate ferulic acid (having a guaiacyl (guajacyl) moiety, part of the vanilloid motif) over unsubstituted monophenols. The in vivo (whole-cell biocatalysts) and in vitro (three-enzyme cascade) transformations of substrates by 4HPA3H and its optimized variants was strictly regiospecific and proceeded without generation of by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dippe
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie: Leibniz-Institut fur Pflanzenbiochemie, Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle/Saale, GERMANY
| | - Susann Herrmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie: Leibniz-Institut fur Pflanzenbiochemie, Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle, GERMANY
| | - Pascal Pecher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry: Leibniz-Institut fur Pflanzenbiochemie, Bioorganic Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Evelyn Funke
- Leibniz-Institut fur Pflanzenbiochemie, Bioorganic Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Markus Pietzsch
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy, Weinbergweg 22, D-06120, Halle, GERMANY
| | - Ludger Wessjohann
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle Saale, GERMANY
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29
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Lettau E, Zill D, Späth M, Lorent C, Singh P, Lauterbach L. Catalytic and spectroscopic properties of the halotolerant soluble methane monooxygenase reductase from Methylomonas methanica MC09. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100592. [PMID: 34905639 PMCID: PMC9305295 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The soluble methane monooxygenase receives electrons from NADH via its reductase MmoC for oxidation of methane, which is itself an attractive C1 building block for a future bioeconomy. Herein, we present biochemical and spectroscopic insights into the reductase from the marine methanotroph Methylomonas methanica MC09. The presence of a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and [2Fe2S] cluster as its prosthetic group were revealed by reconstitution experiments, iron determination and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. As a true halotolerant enzyme, MmoC still showed 50 % of its specific activity at 2 M NaCl. We show that MmoC produces only trace amounts of superoxide, but mainly hydrogen peroxide during uncoupled turnover reactions. The characterization of a highly active reductase is an important step for future biotechnological applications of a halotolerant sMMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lettau
- Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Institute of Applied Microbiology, GERMANY
| | - Domenic Zill
- Rheinisch Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen Fakultat fur Mathematik Informatik und Naturwissenschaften, Institute of Applied Microbiology, GERMANY
| | - Marta Späth
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin, Institute of Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Christian Lorent
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin, Institute of Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Praveen Singh
- Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Institute of Applied Microbiology, GERMANY
| | - Lars Lauterbach
- Technische Universitat Berlin, Chemistry, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Max-Volmer-Laboratorium, Sekr. PC 14, 10623, Berlin, Germany, GERMANY
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30
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Cosgrove S, Mattey A. Reaching new biocatalytic reactivity using continuous flow reactors. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103607. [PMID: 34882844 PMCID: PMC9303305 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The use of flow reactors in biocatalysis has increased significantly in recent years. Chemists have begun to design flow systems that even allow new biocatalytic reactions to take place. This concept article will focus on the design of flow systems that have allowed enzymes to go beyond their limits in batch. The case is made for moving towards fully continuous systems. With flow chemistry increasingly seen as an enabling technology for automated synthesis, and with advancements in AI‐assisted enzyme design, there is a real possibility to fully automate the development and implementation of a continuous biocatalytic processes. This will lead to significantly improved enzyme processes for synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Cosgrove
- Keele University, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, ST5 5BG, Keele, UNITED KINGDOM
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31
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Lerch M, Achazi AJ, Mollenhauer D, Becker J, Schindler S. A Mechanistic Study on the Reaction of Non‐Heme Diiron(III)‐Peroxido Complexes with Benzoyl Chloride. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lerch
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Germany
| | - Andreas J. Achazi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Germany
| | - Doreen Mollenhauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Germany
| | - Jonathan Becker
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Germany
| | - Siegfried Schindler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Germany
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32
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Mattey AP, Ford GJ, Citoler J, Baldwin C, Marshall JR, Palmer RB, Thompson M, Turner NJ, Cosgrove SC, Flitsch SL. Development of Continuous Flow Systems to Access Secondary Amines Through Previously Incompatible Biocatalytic Cascades. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 133:18808-18813. [PMID: 38505092 PMCID: PMC10947180 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A key aim of biocatalysis is to mimic the ability of eukaryotic cells to carry out multistep cascades in a controlled and selective way. As biocatalytic cascades get more complex, reactions become unattainable under typical batch conditions. Here a number of continuous flow systems were used to overcome batch incompatibility, thus allowing for successful biocatalytic cascades. As proof-of-principle, reactive carbonyl intermediates were generated in situ using alcohol oxidases, then passed directly to a series of packed-bed modules containing different aminating biocatalysts which accordingly produced a range of structurally distinct amines. The method was expanded to employ a batch incompatible sequential amination cascade via an oxidase/transaminase/imine reductase sequence, introducing different amine reagents at each step without cross-reactivity. The combined approaches allowed for the biocatalytic synthesis of the natural product 4O-methylnorbelladine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley P. Mattey
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) &, School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Grayson J. Ford
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) &, School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Joan Citoler
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) &, School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Christopher Baldwin
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) &, School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - James R. Marshall
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) &, School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Ryan B. Palmer
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) &, School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | | | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) &, School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Sebastian C. Cosgrove
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) &, School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
- Lennard-Jones LaboratorySchool of Chemical and Physical SciencesKeele UniversityKeeleStaffordshireST5 5BGUK
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) &, School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
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33
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Romero E, Jones BS, Hogg BN, Rué Casamajo A, Hayes MA, Flitsch SL, Turner NJ, Schnepel C. Enzymkatalysierte späte Modifizierungen: Besser spät als nie. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 133:16962-16993. [PMID: 38505660 PMCID: PMC10946893 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
AbstractDie Enzymkatalyse gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung in der Synthesechemie. Die durch Bioinformatik und Enzym‐Engineering stetig wachsende Zahl von Biokatalysatoren eröffnet eine große Vielfalt selektiver Reaktionen. Insbesondere für späte Funktionalisierungsreaktionen ist die Biokatalyse ein geeignetes Werkzeug, das oftmals der konventionellen De‐novo‐Synthese überlegen ist. Enzyme haben sich als nützlich erwiesen, um funktionelle Gruppen direkt in komplexe Molekülgerüste einzuführen sowie für die rasche Diversifizierung von Substanzbibliotheken. Biokatalytische Oxyfunktionalisierungen, Halogenierungen, Methylierungen, Reduktionen und Amidierungen sind von besonderem Interesse, da diese Strukturmotive häufig in Pharmazeutika vertreten sind. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die Stärken und Schwächen der enzymkatalysierten späten Modifizierungen durch native und optimierte Enzyme in der Synthesechemie. Ebenso werden wichtige Beispiele in der Wirkstoffentwicklung hervorgehoben.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Romero
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGötheborgSchweden
| | - Bethan S. Jones
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Bethany N. Hogg
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Arnau Rué Casamajo
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Martin A. Hayes
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGötheborgSchweden
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Christian Schnepel
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
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34
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Romero E, Jones BS, Hogg BN, Rué Casamajo A, Hayes MA, Flitsch SL, Turner NJ, Schnepel C. Enzymatic Late-Stage Modifications: Better Late Than Never. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16824-16855. [PMID: 33453143 PMCID: PMC8359417 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme catalysis is gaining increasing importance in synthetic chemistry. Nowadays, the growing number of biocatalysts accessible by means of bioinformatics and enzyme engineering opens up an immense variety of selective reactions. Biocatalysis especially provides excellent opportunities for late-stage modification often superior to conventional de novo synthesis. Enzymes have proven to be useful for direct introduction of functional groups into complex scaffolds, as well as for rapid diversification of compound libraries. Particularly important and highly topical are enzyme-catalysed oxyfunctionalisations, halogenations, methylations, reductions, and amide bond formations due to the high prevalence of these motifs in pharmaceuticals. This Review gives an overview of the strengths and limitations of enzymatic late-stage modifications using native and engineered enzymes in synthesis while focusing on important examples in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Romero
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Bethan S. Jones
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Bethany N. Hogg
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Arnau Rué Casamajo
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Martin A. Hayes
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Christian Schnepel
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
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35
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Upadhyay R, Kumar S, Maurya SK. V
2
O
5
@TiO
2
Catalyzed Green and Selective Oxidation of Alcohols, Alkylbenzenes and Styrenes to Carbonyls. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Upadhyay
- Chemical Technology Division CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
| | - Shashi Kumar
- Chemical Technology Division CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
| | - Sushil K. Maurya
- Chemical Technology Division CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur Himachal Pradesh 176 061 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
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36
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Zachos I, Döring M, Tafertshofer G, Simon RC, Sieber V. carba‐Nicotinamid‐Adenin‐Dinukleotid‐Phosphat: Robuster Cofaktor für die Redox‐Biokatalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Zachos
- Lehrstuhl für Chemie der biogenen Rohstoffe Campus Straubing für Biotechnologie und Nachhaltigkeit Technische Universität München Schulgasse 16 94315 Straubing Deutschland
| | - Manuel Döring
- Lehrstuhl für Chemie der biogenen Rohstoffe Campus Straubing für Biotechnologie und Nachhaltigkeit Technische Universität München Schulgasse 16 94315 Straubing Deutschland
- Synbiofoundry@TUM Technische Universität München Schulgasse 22 94315 Straubing Deutschland
| | - Georg Tafertshofer
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH DOZCBE.-6164 Nonnenwald 2 82377 Penzberg Deutschland
| | - Robert C. Simon
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH DOZCBE.-6164 Nonnenwald 2 82377 Penzberg Deutschland
| | - Volker Sieber
- Lehrstuhl für Chemie der biogenen Rohstoffe Campus Straubing für Biotechnologie und Nachhaltigkeit Technische Universität München Schulgasse 16 94315 Straubing Deutschland
- Synbiofoundry@TUM Technische Universität München Schulgasse 22 94315 Straubing Deutschland
- Katalytisches Forschungszentrum Technische Universität München Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1 85748 Garching Deutschland
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland 68 Copper Road St. Lucia 4072 Australien
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37
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Zachos I, Döring M, Tafertshofer G, Simon RC, Sieber V. carba Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate: Robust Cofactor for Redox Biocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14701-14706. [PMID: 33719153 PMCID: PMC8252718 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a new robust nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate cofactor analog (carba-NADP+ ) and its acceptance by many enzymes in the class of oxidoreductases. Replacing one ribose oxygen with a methylene group of the natural NADP+ was found to enhance stability dramatically. Decomposition experiments at moderate and high temperatures with the cofactors showed a drastic increase in half-life time at elevated temperatures since it significantly disfavors hydrolysis of the pyridinium-N-glycoside bond. Overall, more than 27 different oxidoreductases were successfully tested, and a thorough analytical characterization and comparison is given. The cofactor carba-NADP+ opens up the field of redox-biocatalysis under harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Zachos
- Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic ResourcesCampus Straubing for Biotechnology and SustainabilityTechnical University of MunichSchulgasse 1694315StraubingGermany
| | - Manuel Döring
- Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic ResourcesCampus Straubing for Biotechnology and SustainabilityTechnical University of MunichSchulgasse 1694315StraubingGermany
- Synbiofoundry@TUMTechnical University of MunichSchulgasse 2294315StraubingGermany
| | | | - Robert C. Simon
- Roche Diagnostics GmbHDOZCBE.-6164Nonnenwald 282377PenzbergGermany
| | - Volker Sieber
- Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic ResourcesCampus Straubing for Biotechnology and SustainabilityTechnical University of MunichSchulgasse 1694315StraubingGermany
- Synbiofoundry@TUMTechnical University of MunichSchulgasse 2294315StraubingGermany
- Catalytic Research CenterTechnical University of MunichErnst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 185748GarchingGermany
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Queensland68 Copper RoadSt. Lucia4072Australia
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38
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Joseph Srinivasan S, Cleary SE, Ramirez MA, Reeve HA, Paul CE, Vincent KA. E. coli Nickel-Iron Hydrogenase 1 Catalyses Non-native Reduction of Flavins: Demonstration for Alkene Hydrogenation by Old Yellow Enzyme Ene-reductases*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13824-13828. [PMID: 33721401 PMCID: PMC8252551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new activity for the [NiFe] uptake hydrogenase 1 of Escherichia coli (Hyd1) is presented. Direct reduction of biological flavin cofactors FMN and FAD is achieved using H2 as a simple, completely atom-economical reductant. The robust nature of Hyd1 is exploited for flavin reduction across a broad range of temperatures (25-70 °C) and extended reaction times. The utility of this system as a simple, easy to implement FMNH2 or FADH2 regenerating system is then demonstrated by supplying reduced flavin to Old Yellow Enzyme "ene-reductases" to support asymmetric alkene reductions with up to 100 % conversion. Hyd1 turnover frequencies up to 20.4 min-1 and total turnover numbers up to 20 200 were recorded during flavin recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiny Joseph Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Cleary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel A Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Holly A Reeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline E Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Kylie A Vincent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
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39
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Joseph Srinivasan S, Cleary SE, Ramirez MA, Reeve HA, Paul CE, Vincent KA. E. coli Nickel-Iron Hydrogenase 1 Catalyses Non-native Reduction of Flavins: Demonstration for Alkene Hydrogenation by Old Yellow Enzyme Ene-reductases. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 133:13943-13947. [PMID: 38529476 PMCID: PMC10962552 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new activity for the [NiFe] uptake hydrogenase 1 of Escherichia coli (Hyd1) is presented. Direct reduction of biological flavin cofactors FMN and FAD is achieved using H2 as a simple, completely atom-economical reductant. The robust nature of Hyd1 is exploited for flavin reduction across a broad range of temperatures (25-70 °C) and extended reaction times. The utility of this system as a simple, easy to implement FMNH2 or FADH2 regenerating system is then demonstrated by supplying reduced flavin to Old Yellow Enzyme "ene-reductases" to support asymmetric alkene reductions with up to 100 % conversion. Hyd1 turnover frequencies up to 20.4 min-1 and total turnover numbers up to 20 200 were recorded during flavin recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiny Joseph Srinivasan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordInorganic Chemistry LaboratorySouth Parks RdOxfordOX1 3QRUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Cleary
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordInorganic Chemistry LaboratorySouth Parks RdOxfordOX1 3QRUnited Kingdom
| | - Miguel A. Ramirez
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordInorganic Chemistry LaboratorySouth Parks RdOxfordOX1 3QRUnited Kingdom
| | - Holly A. Reeve
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordInorganic Chemistry LaboratorySouth Parks RdOxfordOX1 3QRUnited Kingdom
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Kylie A. Vincent
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordInorganic Chemistry LaboratorySouth Parks RdOxfordOX1 3QRUnited Kingdom
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40
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Mattey AP, Ford GJ, Citoler J, Baldwin C, Marshall JR, Palmer RB, Thompson M, Turner NJ, Cosgrove SC, Flitsch SL. Development of Continuous Flow Systems to Access Secondary Amines Through Previously Incompatible Biocatalytic Cascades*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18660-18665. [PMID: 33856106 PMCID: PMC8453870 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A key aim of biocatalysis is to mimic the ability of eukaryotic cells to carry out multistep cascades in a controlled and selective way. As biocatalytic cascades get more complex, reactions become unattainable under typical batch conditions. Here a number of continuous flow systems were used to overcome batch incompatibility, thus allowing for successful biocatalytic cascades. As proof-of-principle, reactive carbonyl intermediates were generated in situ using alcohol oxidases, then passed directly to a series of packed-bed modules containing different aminating biocatalysts which accordingly produced a range of structurally distinct amines. The method was expanded to employ a batch incompatible sequential amination cascade via an oxidase/transaminase/imine reductase sequence, introducing different amine reagents at each step without cross-reactivity. The combined approaches allowed for the biocatalytic synthesis of the natural product 4O-methylnorbelladine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley P Mattey
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) &, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Grayson J Ford
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) &, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Joan Citoler
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) &, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Christopher Baldwin
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) &, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - James R Marshall
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) &, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Ryan B Palmer
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) &, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | | | - Nicholas J Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) &, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Sebastian C Cosgrove
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) &, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.,Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Sabine L Flitsch
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) &, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
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41
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Chen X, Wang Z, Lou Y, Peng Y, Zhu Q, Xu J, Wu Q. Intramolecular Stereoselective Stetter Reaction Catalyzed by Benzaldehyde Lyase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9326-9329. [PMID: 33559383 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reliable design and prediction of enzyme promiscuity to access transformations not observed in nature remains a long-standing challenge. Herein, we present the first example of an intramolecular stereoselective Stetter reaction catalyzed by benzaldehyde lyase, guided by the rational structure screening of various ThDP-dependent enzymes using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. After optimization, high productivity (up to 99 %) and stereoselectivity (up to 99:1 e.r.) for this novel enzyme function was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yujiao Lou
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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42
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Liao HX, Jia HY, Dai JR, Zong MH, Li N. Bioinspired Cooperative Photobiocatalytic Regeneration of Oxidized Nicotinamide Cofactors for Catalytic Oxidations. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1687-1691. [PMID: 33559949 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by water-forming NAD(P)H oxidases, a cooperative photobiocatalytic system has been designed to aerobically regenerate the oxidized nicotinamide cofactors. Photocatalysts enable NAD(P)H oxidation with O2 under visible-light irradiation, producing H2 O2 as a byproduct, which is subsequently used as an oxidant by the horseradish peroxidase mediator system (PMS) to oxidize NAD(P)H. The photobiocatalytic system shows a turnover frequency of 8800 min-1 in the oxidation of NAD(P)H. Photobiocatalytic NAD(P)H oxidation proceeds smoothly at pH 6-9. In addition to natural NAD(P)H, synthetic biomimetics are also good substrates for this regeneration system. Total turnover numbers of up to 180000 are obtained for the cofactor when the photobiocatalytic regeneration system is coupled with dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidations. It may be a promising protocol to recycle the oxidized cofactors for catalytic oxidations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Xin Liao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yu Jia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Dai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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43
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Schnepel C, Dodero VI, Sewald N. Novel Arylindigoids by Late-Stage Derivatization of Biocatalytically Synthesized Dibromoindigo. Chemistry 2021; 27:5404-5411. [PMID: 33496351 PMCID: PMC8048522 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Indigoids represent natural product-based compounds applicable as organic semiconductors and photoresponsive materials. Yet modified indigo derivatives are difficult to access by chemical synthesis. A biocatalytic approach applying several consecutive selective C-H functionalizations was developed that selectively provides access to various indigoids: Enzymatic halogenation of l-tryptophan followed by indole generation with tryptophanase yields 5-, 6- and 7-bromoindoles. Subsequent hydroxylation using a flavin monooxygenase furnishes dibromoindigo that is derivatized by acylation. This four-step one-pot cascade gives dibromoindigo in good isolated yields. Moreover, the halogen substituent allows for late-stage diversification by cross-coupling directly performed in the crude mixture, thus enabling synthesis of a small set of 6,6'-diarylindigo derivatives. This chemoenzymatic approach provides a modular platform towards novel indigoids with attractive spectral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schnepel
- Organische und Bioorganische ChemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
- Present address: School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Veronica I. Dodero
- Organische und Bioorganische ChemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organische und Bioorganische ChemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
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44
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Chen X, Wang Z, Lou Y, Peng Y, Zhu Q, Xu J, Wu Q. Intramolecular Stereoselective Stetter Reaction Catalyzed by Benzaldehyde Lyase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Department of Chemistry Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- Institute of Aging Research School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Yujiao Lou
- Department of Chemistry Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Department of Chemistry Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Qiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Chemistry Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Chemistry Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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45
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Özgen FF, Runda ME, Schmidt S. Photo-biocatalytic Cascades: Combining Chemical and Enzymatic Transformations Fueled by Light. Chembiochem 2021; 22:790-806. [PMID: 32961020 PMCID: PMC7983893 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the field of green chemistry, light - an attractive natural agent - has received particular attention for driving biocatalytic reactions. Moreover, the implementation of light to drive (chemo)enzymatic cascade reactions opens up a golden window of opportunities. However, there are limitations to many current examples, mostly associated with incompatibility between the enzyme and the photocatalyst. Additionally, the formation of reactive radicals upon illumination and the loss of catalytic activities in the presence of required additives are common observations. As outlined in this review, the main question is how to overcome current challenges to the exploitation of light to drive (chemo)enzymatic transformations. First, we highlight general concepts in photo-biocatalysis, then give various examples of photo-chemoenzymatic (PCE) cascades, further summarize current synthetic examples of PCE cascades and discuss strategies to address the limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Feyza Özgen
- Groningen Research Institute of PharmacyDepartment of Chemical and Pharmaceutical BiologyAntonius Deusinglaan 19713 AVGroningen (TheNetherlands
| | - Michael E. Runda
- Groningen Research Institute of PharmacyDepartment of Chemical and Pharmaceutical BiologyAntonius Deusinglaan 19713 AVGroningen (TheNetherlands
| | - Sandy Schmidt
- Groningen Research Institute of PharmacyDepartment of Chemical and Pharmaceutical BiologyAntonius Deusinglaan 19713 AVGroningen (TheNetherlands
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46
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Liu H, Tegl G, Nidetzky B. Glycosyltransferase Co‐Immobilization for Natural Product Glycosylation: Cascade Biosynthesis of the
C
‐Glucoside Nothofagin with Efficient Reuse of Enzymes. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Gregor Tegl
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib) Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
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47
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Harwood LA, Wong LL, Robertson J. Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution by Addition of Oxygen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A. Harwood
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Luet L. Wong
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research Ruo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Jeremy Robertson
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research Ruo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
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48
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Harwood LA, Wong LL, Robertson J. Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution by Addition of Oxygen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4434-4447. [PMID: 33037837 PMCID: PMC7986699 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic resolution using biocatalysis has proven to be an excellent complementary technique to traditional asymmetric catalysis for the production of enantioenriched compounds. Resolution using oxidative enzymes produces valuable oxygenated structures for use in synthetic route development. This Minireview focuses on enzymes which catalyse the insertion of an oxygen atom into the substrate and, in so doing, can achieve oxidative kinetic resolution. The Baeyer-Villiger rearrangement, epoxidation, and hydroxylation are included, and biological advancements in enzyme development, and applications of these key enantioenriched intermediates in natural product synthesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A. Harwood
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Luet L. Wong
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordInorganic Chemistry LaboratorySouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QRUK
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced ResearchRuo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial ParkJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Jeremy Robertson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced ResearchRuo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial ParkJiangsu215123P. R. China
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49
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Sarak S, Sung S, Jeon H, Patil MD, Khobragade TP, Pagar AD, Dawson PE, Yun H. An Integrated Cofactor/Co-Product Recycling Cascade for the Biosynthesis of Nylon Monomers from Cycloalkylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3481-3486. [PMID: 33140477 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report a highly atom-efficient integrated cofactor/co-product recycling cascade employing cycloalkylamines as multifaceted starting materials for the synthesis of nylon building blocks. Reactions using E. coli whole cells as well as purified enzymes produced excellent conversions ranging from >80 and 95 % into desired ω-amino acids, respectively with varying substrate concentrations. The applicability of this tandem biocatalytic cascade was demonstrated to produce the corresponding lactams by employing engineered biocatalysts. For instance, ϵ-caprolactam, a valuable polymer building block was synthesized with 75 % conversion from 10 mM cyclohexylamine by employing whole-cell biocatalysts. This cascade could be an alternative for bio-based production of ω-amino acids and corresponding lactam compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Sarak
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 050-29, South Korea
| | - Sihyong Sung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 050-29, South Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Jeon
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 050-29, South Korea
| | - Mahesh D Patil
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 050-29, South Korea
| | - Taresh P Khobragade
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 050-29, South Korea
| | - Amol D Pagar
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 050-29, South Korea
| | - Philip E Dawson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hyungdon Yun
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 050-29, South Korea
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50
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Wu S, Snajdrova R, Moore JC, Baldenius K, Bornscheuer UT. Biocatalysis: Enzymatic Synthesis for Industrial Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:88-119. [PMID: 32558088 PMCID: PMC7818486 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 174.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has found numerous applications in various fields as an alternative to chemical catalysis. The use of enzymes in organic synthesis, especially to make chiral compounds for pharmaceuticals as well for the flavors and fragrance industry, are the most prominent examples. In addition, biocatalysts are used on a large scale to make specialty and even bulk chemicals. This review intends to give illustrative examples in this field with a special focus on scalable chemical production using enzymes. It also discusses the opportunities and limitations of enzymatic syntheses using distinct examples and provides an outlook on emerging enzyme classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuke Wu
- Institute of BiochemistryDept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald UniversityFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Radka Snajdrova
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchGlobal Discovery Chemistry4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Jeffrey C. Moore
- Process Research and DevelopmentMerck & Co., Inc.126 E. Lincoln AveRahwayNJ07065USA
| | - Kai Baldenius
- Baldenius Biotech ConsultingHafenstr. 3168159MannheimGermany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institute of BiochemistryDept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald UniversityFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417487GreifswaldGermany
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