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Dorn M, Hunger D, Förster C, Naumann R, van Slageren J, Heinze K. Towards Luminescent Vanadium(II) Complexes with Slow Magnetic Relaxation and Quantum Coherence. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202898. [PMID: 36345821 PMCID: PMC10107508 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular entities with doublet or triplet ground states find increasing interest as potential molecular quantum bits (qubits). Complexes with higher multiplicity might even function as qudits and serve to encode further quantum bits. Vanadium(II) ions in octahedral ligand fields with quartet ground states and small zero-field splittings qualify as qubits with optical read out thanks to potentially luminescent spin-flip states. We identified two V2+ complexes [V(ddpd)2 ]2+ with the strong field ligand N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dipyridine-2-yl-pyridine-2,6-diamine (ddpd) in two isomeric forms (cis-fac and mer) as suitable candidates. The energy gaps between the two lowest Kramers doublets amount to 0.2 and 0.5 cm-1 allowing pulsed EPR experiments at conventional Q-band frequencies (35 GHz). Both isomers possess spin-lattice relaxation times T1 of around 300 μs and a phase memory time TM of around 1 μs at 5 K. Furthermore, the mer isomer displays slow magnetic relaxation in an applied field of 400 mT. While the vanadium(III) complexes [V(ddpd)2 ]3+ are emissive in the near-IR-II region, the [V(ddpd)2 ]2+ complexes are non-luminescent due to metal-to-ligand charge transfer admixture to the spin-flip states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - David Hunger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for, Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Naumann
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for, Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Wang C, Ebel K, Heinze K, Resch-Genger U, Bald I. Quantum Yield of DNA Strand Breaks under Photoexcitation of a Molecular Ruby. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203719. [PMID: 36734093 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) used for treating cancer relies on the generation of highly reactive oxygen species, for example, singlet oxygen 1 O2 , by light-induced excitation of a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of molecular oxygen, inducing DNA damage in close proximity of the PS. Although many precious metal complexes have been explored as PS for PDT and received clinical approval, only recently, the potential of photoactive complexes of non-noble metals as PS has been discovered. Using the DNA origami technology that can absolutely quantify DNA strand break cross sections, we assessed the potential of the luminescent transition metal complex [Cr(ddpd)2 ]3+ (ddpd=N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dipyridine-2-ylpyridine-2,6-diamine) to damage DNA in an air-saturated aqueous environment upon UV/Vis illumination. The quantum yield for strand breakage, that is, the ratio of DNA strand breaks to the number of absorbed photons, was determined to 1-4 %, indicating efficient transformation of photons into DNA strand breaks by [Cr(ddpd)2 ]3+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,present address: Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kenny Ebel
- Institute of Chemistry, Hybrid Nanostructures, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilko Bald
- Institute of Chemistry, Hybrid Nanostructures, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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Wang C, Kitzmann WR, Weigert F, Förster C, Wang X, Heinze K, Resch-Genger U. Matrix Effects on Photoluminescence and Oxygen Sensitivity of a Molecular Ruby. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing: Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und -prufung Division Biophotonics Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Winald R. Kitzmann
- Johannes Gutenberg University: Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Florian Weigert
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing: Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und -prufung Division Biophotonics GERMANY
| | - Christoph Förster
- Johannes Gutenberg University: Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Xifan Wang
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing: Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und -prufung Division Biophotonics GERMANY
| | - Katja Heinze
- Johannes Gutenberg University: Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Analytische Chemie und Referenzmaterialien Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11 12489 Berlin GERMANY
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Sinha N, Jiménez J, Pfund B, Prescimone A, Piguet C, Wenger OS. A Near-Infrared-II Emissive Chromium(III) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23722-23728. [PMID: 34125469 PMCID: PMC8597102 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The combination of π-donating amido with π-accepting pyridine coordination units in a tridentate chelate ligand causes a strong nephelauxetic effect in a homoleptic CrIII complex, which shifts its luminescence to the NIR-II spectral range. Previously explored CrIII polypyridine complexes typically emit between 727 and 778 nm (in the red to NIR-I spectral region), and ligand design strategies have so far concentrated on optimizing the ligand field strength. The present work takes a fundamentally different approach and focusses on increasing metal-ligand bond covalence to shift the ruby-like 2 E emission of CrIII to 1067 nm at 77 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Sinha
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Juan‐Ramón Jiménez
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Geneva30 quai E. Ansermet1211Geneva 4Switzerland
| | - Björn Pfund
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel, BPR 1096Mattenstrasse 24a4058BaselSwitzerland
| | - Claude Piguet
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Geneva30 quai E. Ansermet1211Geneva 4Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
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Sinha N, Jiménez J, Pfund B, Prescimone A, Piguet C, Wenger OS. A Near‐Infrared‐II Emissive Chromium(III) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Juan‐Ramón Jiménez
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry University of Geneva 30 quai E. Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Björn Pfund
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel, BPR 1096 Mattenstrasse 24a 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Claude Piguet
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry University of Geneva 30 quai E. Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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Becker PM, Förster C, Carrella LM, Boden P, Hunger D, van Slageren J, Gerhards M, Rentschler E, Heinze K. Spin Crossover and Long-Lived Excited States in a Reduced Molecular Ruby. Chemistry 2020; 26:7199-7204. [PMID: 32167607 PMCID: PMC7318154 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The chromium(III) complex [CrIII (ddpd)2 ]3+ (molecular ruby; ddpd=N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dipyridine-2-yl-pyridine-2,6-diamine) is reduced to the genuine chromium(II) complex [CrII (ddpd)2 ]2+ with d4 electron configuration. This reduced molecular ruby represents one of the very few chromium(II) complexes showing spin crossover (SCO). The reversible SCO is gradual with T1/2 around room temperature. The low-spin and high-spin chromium(II) isomers exhibit distinct spectroscopic and structural properties (UV/Vis/NIR, IR, EPR spectroscopies, single-crystal XRD). Excitation of [CrII (ddpd)2 ]2+ with UV light at 20 and 290 K generates electronically excited states with microsecond lifetimes. This initial study on the unique reduced molecular ruby paves the way for thermally and photochemically switchable magnetic systems based on chromium complexes complementing the well-established iron(II) SCO systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Becker
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of MainzDuesbergweg 10-1455128MainzGermany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of MainzDuesbergweg 10-1455128MainzGermany
| | - Luca M. Carrella
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of MainzDuesbergweg 10-1455128MainzGermany
| | - Pit Boden
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center OptimasUniversity KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße67663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - David Hunger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for, Integrated Quantum Science and TechnologyUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for, Integrated Quantum Science and TechnologyUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center OptimasUniversity KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße67663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Eva Rentschler
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of MainzDuesbergweg 10-1455128MainzGermany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of MainzDuesbergweg 10-1455128MainzGermany
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Treiling S, Wang C, Förster C, Reichenauer F, Kalmbach J, Boden P, Harris JP, Carrella LM, Rentschler E, Resch‐Genger U, Reber C, Seitz M, Gerhards M, Heinze K. Luminescence and Light-Driven Energy and Electron Transfer from an Exceptionally Long-Lived Excited State of a Non-Innocent Chromium(III) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18075-18085. [PMID: 31600421 PMCID: PMC6916301 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photoactive metal complexes employing Earth-abundant metal ions are a key to sustainable photophysical and photochemical applications. We exploit the effects of an inversion center and ligand non-innocence to tune the luminescence and photochemistry of the excited state of the [CrN6 ] chromophore [Cr(tpe)2 ]3+ with close to octahedral symmetry (tpe=1,1,1-tris(pyrid-2-yl)ethane). [Cr(tpe)2 ]3+ exhibits the longest luminescence lifetime (τ=4500 μs) reported up to date for a molecular polypyridyl chromium(III) complex together with a very high luminescence quantum yield of Φ=8.2 % at room temperature in fluid solution. Furthermore, the tpe ligands in [Cr(tpe)2 ]3+ are redox non-innocent, leading to reversible reductive chemistry. The excited state redox potential and lifetime of [Cr(tpe)2 ]3+ surpass those of the classical photosensitizer [Ru(bpy)3 ]2+ (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) enabling energy transfer (to oxygen) and photoredox processes (with azulene and tri(n-butyl)amine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Treiling
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Cui Wang
- Division BiophotonicsFederal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard-Willstätter-Straße 1112489BerlinGermany
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustraße 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Florian Reichenauer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Jens Kalmbach
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Pit Boden
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center OptimasTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße67663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Joe P. Harris
- Département de chimieUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuébecH3C 3J7Canada
| | - Luca M. Carrella
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Eva Rentschler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Ute Resch‐Genger
- Division BiophotonicsFederal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard-Willstätter-Straße 1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Christian Reber
- Département de chimieUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuébecH3C 3J7Canada
| | - Michael Seitz
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center OptimasTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Straße67663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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Treiling S, Wang C, Förster C, Reichenauer F, Kalmbach J, Boden P, Harris JP, Carrella LM, Rentschler E, Resch‐Genger U, Reber C, Seitz M, Gerhards M, Heinze K. Luminescence and Light‐Driven Energy and Electron Transfer from an Exceptionally Long‐Lived Excited State of a Non‐Innocent Chromium(III) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Treiling
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Cui Wang
- Division BiophotonicsFederal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Florian Reichenauer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jens Kalmbach
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Pit Boden
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center OptimasTU Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Joe P. Harris
- Département de chimieUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Luca M. Carrella
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Eva Rentschler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Ute Resch‐Genger
- Division BiophotonicsFederal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Christian Reber
- Département de chimieUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Michael Seitz
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center OptimasTU Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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