1
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Franzen JH, Wilm LFB, Rotering P, Wurst K, Seidl M, Dielmann F. Electron-rich pyridines with para-N-heterocyclic imine substituents: ligand properties and coordination to CO 2, SO 2, BCl 3 and Pd II complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11876-11883. [PMID: 38953467 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01399a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Electron-rich pyridines with π donor groups at the para position play an important role as nucleophiles in organocatalysis, but their ligand properties and utilization in coordination chemistry have received little attention. Herein, we report the synthesis of two electron-rich pyridines 1 and 2 bearing N-heterocyclic imine groups at the para position and explore their coordination chemistry. Experimental and computational methods were used to assess the donor ability of the new pyridines showing that they are stronger donors than aminopyridines and guanidinyl pyridines, and that the nature of the N-heterocyclic backbone has a strong influence on the pyridine donor strength. Coordination compounds with Lewis acids including the CO2, SO2, BCl3 and PdII ions were synthesized and characterized. Despite the ambident character of the new pyridines, coordination preferentially occurs at the pyridine-N atom. Methyl transfer experiments reveal that 1 and 2 can act as demethylation reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas H Franzen
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lukas F B Wilm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Rotering
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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2
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Saida AB, Mahaut D, Tumanov N, Wouters J, Champagne B, Vanthuyne N, Robiette R, Berionni G. Reactivity and Steric Parameters from 2D to 3D Bulky Pyridines: Increasing Steric Demand at Nitrogen with Chiral Azatriptycenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202407503. [PMID: 38781114 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Sterically hindered pyridines embedded in a three-dimensional triptycene framework have been synthesized, and their resolution by chiral HPLC enabled access to unprecedented enantiopure pyridines exceeding the known steric limits. The design principles for new axially chiral pyridine derivatives are then described. To rationalize their associations with Lewis acids and transition metals, a comprehensive determination of the steric and electronic parameters for this new class of pyridines was performed. This led to the general parameterization of the steric parameters (percent buried volume %VBur, Tolman cone angle θ, and He8_steric descriptor) for a large set of two- and three-dimensional pyridine derivatives. These parameters are shown to describe quantitatively their interactions with carbon- and boron-centered Lewis acids and were used to predict the ΔG° of association with the prototypical B(C6F5)3 Lewis acid widely used in frustrated Lewis pair catalysis. This first parameterization of pyridine sterics is a fundamental basis for the future development of predictive reactivity models and for guiding new applications of bulky and chiral pyridines in organocatalysis, frustrated Lewis pairs, and transition-metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ben Saida
- Department of Chemistry and Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Damien Mahaut
- Department of Chemistry and Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- Department of Chemistry and Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Department of Chemistry and Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Department of Chemistry and Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Raphaël Robiette
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 Box L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Berionni
- Department of Chemistry and Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
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3
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Škoch K, Antala J, Císařová I, Štěpnička P. Synthesis and catalytic properties of palladium(II) complexes with P,π-chelating ferrocene phosphinoallyl ligands and their non-tethered analogues. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8722-8731. [PMID: 38712379 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00961d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid phosphines usually combine a phosphine moiety with another heteroatom secondary donor group in their structures while compounds equipped with hydrocarbyl π-donor moieties remain uncommon. This contribution reports the synthesis and structural characterization of the first P/π-allyl-chelating complexes that were obtained using the structurally flexible and redox-active ferrocene unit as the scaffold, viz. [PdCl(R2PfcCHCHCH2-η3:κP)] (1R; R = Ph and cyclohexyl (Cy); fc = ferrocene-1,1'-diyl). These compounds were synthesized from the respective phosphinoferrocene carboxaldehydes R2PfcCHO via reaction with vinylmagnesium bromide to generate 1-(phosphinoferrocenyl)allyl alcohols, which were subsequently acetylated. The resulting allyl acetates reacted smoothly with [Pd2(dba)3]/[Et3NH]Cl (dba = dibenzylideneacetone) to produce the target compounds. Complexes 1R and their nontethered analogues [PdCl(η3-C3H5)(FcPR2-κP)] (5R; Fc = ferrocenyl) were evaluated as pre-catalysts for the Pd-catalysed allylic amination of cinnamyl acetate with aliphatic amines and Suzuki-Miyaura-type cross-coupling of 4-tolylboronic acid with benzoyl chloride. In these reactions, better results were achieved with compounds 5R (particularly with 5Ph), presumably because they form more stable LPd(0)-type catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Škoch
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Antala
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Štěpnička
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic.
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4
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Matamoros E, Light ME, Cintas P, Palacios JC. From Potential Prebiotic Synthons to Useful Chiral Scaffolds: A Synthetic and Structural Reinvestigation of 2-Amino-Aldononitriles. Molecules 2024; 29:1796. [PMID: 38675616 PMCID: PMC11052109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper explores and revisits in detail the formation and characterization of sugar-based aminonitriles, whose ultimate origin can be traced to the interaction of biomolecules with cyanide. Although the synthesis and spectroscopic data of 2-amino-aldononitriles were reported long ago, there are both contradictory and confusing results among the published data. We have now addressed this concern through an exhaustive structural elucidation of acylated 2-amino- and 2-alkyl(aryl)amino-2-deoxyaldonitriles using mass spectrometry and FT-IR, FT-Raman, and NMR spectroscopies. Several structures could be unambiguously determined through single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which allowed us to correct other misassignments. Moreover, this study unveils how steric and electronic effects influence the acylation outcome of the amino, (alkyl, aryl)amino, or acetamido group at C-2. The chirality at the latter, which was assigned tentatively through optical rotation correlation, and hence the preferential threo stereochemistry generated during the cyanohydrin synthesis of 2-amino-2-deoxy aldononitriles have now been established with confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Matamoros
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto del Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad (IACYS)-Unidad de Química Verde y Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA, Plataforma Bionand, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Mark E. Light
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
| | - Pedro Cintas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto del Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad (IACYS)-Unidad de Química Verde y Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Juan C. Palacios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto del Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad (IACYS)-Unidad de Química Verde y Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
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5
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Zhang Z, Xu Y. Hydrothermal Synthesis of Highly Crystalline Zwitterionic Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks with Exceptional Photocatalytic Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25222-25232. [PMID: 37856866 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Ionic covalent organic frameworks (COFs) featuring both crystallinity and ionic characteristics have attracted tremendous attention in recent years. Compared with single anion- or cation-containing ionic COFs, zwitterionic COFs possess unique functionalities beyond single ionic COFs such as tunable charge density and superhydrophilic and highly ion-conductive characteristics, endowing them with huge potential in various applications. However, it remains a considerable challenge to directly synthesize robust, highly crystalline zwitterionic COFs from the original building blocks. Herein, we report a green hydrothermal synthesis strategy to prepare highly crystalline zwitterionic vinylene-linked COFs (ZVCOFs) from the predesigned zwitterionic building block by utilizing 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as the high-efficiency catalyst for the first time. Detailed theoretical calculations and experiments revealed that both the high catalytic activity of DMAP and the unique role of water contributed to the formation of highly crystalline ZVCOFs. It was found that the participation of water could not only remarkably reduce the activation energy barrier and thus enhance the reaction reversibility but also enable the hydration of zwitterionic sites and facilitate ordered layered arrangement, which are favorable for the ZVCOF crystallization. Benefiting from the highly π-conjugated structure and hydrophilic characteristic, the obtained ZVCOFs achieved an ultrahigh sacrificial photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 2052 μmol h-1 under visible light irradiation with an apparent quantum yield up to 47.1% at 420 nm, superior to nearly all COF-based photocatalysts ever reported. Moreover, the ZVCOFs could be deposited on a support as a photocatalytic film device, which demonstrated a remarkable photocatalytic performance of 402.1 mmol h-1 m-2 for hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuxi Xu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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6
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Dempsey SH, Cao W, Wang XB, Kass SR. Anion-Activated Bases and Nucleophiles Characterized by Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8828-8833. [PMID: 37844075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Negative ion photoelectron spectra at 20 K along with ab initio [CCSD(T)] and M06-2X density functional theory calculations are reported for a series of six basic and nucleophilic pyridine derivatives with an anionic substituent [i.e., 3- and 4-PyrBX3-, where X = F, 4-t-BuC6H4, 4-MeOC6H4, and 3,5-(MeO)2C6H3]. Vertical detachment energies (VDEs) of these charge-activated reagents span from 4.50-5.85 eV and are well reproduced by M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ and CCSD(T)/maug-cc-pVTZ computations. Surprisingly, the VDEs are found to correlate with the SN2 reactivity of the PPh4+ salts of the substituted pyridine anions with 1-iodooctane in dichloromethane. This provides an experimental measure of the nucleophilicity of these charge-activated anions, which represent a new class of chemical reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Wenjin Cao
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Steven R Kass
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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7
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Bormann N, Ward JS, Bergmann AK, Wenz P, Rissanen K, Gong Y, Hatz WB, Burbaum A, Mulks FF. Diiminium Nucleophile Adducts Are Stable and Convenient Strong Lewis Acids. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302089. [PMID: 37427889 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Strong Lewis acids are essential tools for manifold chemical procedures, but their scalable deployment is limited by their costs and safety concerns. We report a scalable, convenient, and inexpensive synthesis of stable diiminium-based reagents with a Lewis acidic carbon centre. Coordination with pyridine donors stabilises these centres; the 2,2'-bipyridine adduct shows a chelation effect at carbon. Due to high fluoride, hydride, and oxide affinities, the diiminium pyridine adducts are promising soft and hard Lewis acids. They effectively produce acylpyridinium salts from carboxylates that can acylate amines to give amides and imides even from electronically intractable coupling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Bormann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry (iOC), RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jas S Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P. O. Box. 35, Survontie 9 B, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ann Kathrin Bergmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry (iOC), RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Paula Wenz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P. O. Box. 35, Survontie 9 B, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P. O. Box. 35, Survontie 9 B, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Yiwei Gong
- Institute for Organic Chemistry (iOC), RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolf-Benedikt Hatz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry (iOC), RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Burbaum
- Institute for Organic Chemistry (iOC), RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian F Mulks
- Institute for Organic Chemistry (iOC), RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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8
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Dempsey SH, Lovstedt A, Kass SR. Electrostatically Enhanced 3- and 4-Pyridyl Borate Salt Nucleophiles and Bases. J Org Chem 2023; 88:10525-10538. [PMID: 37462157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
A variety of electrostatically enhanced 3- and 4-pyridylborate salt catalysts are reported and show significant improvement over an activated noncharged neutral control compound. Their nucleophilicity in a stoichiometric SN2 reaction and catalytic performance in a urethane synthesis are evaluated along with three methods for rapidly evaluating the basicity of these species. That is, qualitative titrations in CH2Cl2 and CHCl3 were carried out, two separate solution-state IR studies in CCl4 and CDCl3 are reported, and the proton affinities of the anionic components of the salts were computed. Charge differences between the anion and its protonated zwitterionic conjugate acid are evaluated along with the highest occupied molecular orbitals of the anions in relationship to some of the surprising reactivity findings that were observed in the two kinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Alex Lovstedt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Steven R Kass
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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9
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Kamimura A, Kawamoto T, Fujii K. Ionic Liquids for the Chemical Recycling of Polymeric Materials and Control of Their Solubility. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200269. [PMID: 36638263 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are wonderful materials that have modernized our daily life; however, importance of effective recycling of plastics is gradually recognized widely. In this account, we describe our discovery of new and efficient methods for the chemical recycling of plastics using ionic liquids (ILs). Since the chemical recycling usually requires high temperature conditions to breakdown chemical bonds in polymeric materials, we thought that less-flammability and non-volatility of ionic liquids are the most suitable physical properties for this purpose. Ionic liquids successfully depolymerized polyamides and unsaturated polyesters smoothly and corresponding monomeric materials were obtained in good yields. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first use of Ionic liquids for such reactions. However, we encountered another difficult problem-separation. To solve the problem, we developed solubility-switchable ionic liquids, a new type of ionic liquids in which solubility is readily changed using the chemistry of protective groups. Conversion between hydrophilic and lipophilic forms was readily achieved using a simple chemical treatment under mild conditions, and the complete separation of products was achieved by liquid-liquid-extraction. The robustness of either form unlocks their wide use as reaction solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Kamimura
- Department Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, 755-8611, Japan
| | - Takuji Kawamoto
- Department Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, 755-8611, Japan
| | - Kenta Fujii
- Department Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, 755-8611, Japan
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10
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Wang R, Liu WH. Decarboxylative Enamide Synthesis from Carboxylic Acid and Alkenyl Isocyanate. Org Lett 2023; 25:5231-5235. [PMID: 37428197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we reported a protocol to access the enamide via employing carboxylic acid and alkenyl isocyanate as the precursors promoted by DMAP without involving any metal catalysts and dehydration reagents. This protocol is simple and practical and tolerates numerous functional groups. Considering the simplicity, the ready availability of both starting materials, and the significance of the enamides, we expect that this reaction will find broad application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenbo H Liu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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11
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Faustino AM, Sharma P, Manriquez-Sandoval E, Yadav D, Fried SD. Progress toward Proteome-Wide Photo-Cross-Linking to Enable Residue-Level Visualization of Protein Structures and Networks In Vivo. Anal Chem 2023; 95:10670-10685. [PMID: 37341467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) is emerging as a method at the crossroads of structural and cellular biology, uniquely capable of identifying protein-protein interactions with residue-level resolution and on the proteome-wide scale. With the development of cross-linkers that can form linkages inside cells and easily cleave during fragmentation on the mass spectrometer (MS-cleavable cross-links), it has become increasingly facile to identify contacts between any two proteins in complex samples, including in live cells or tissues. Photo-cross-linkers possess the advantages of high temporal resolution and high reactivity, thereby engaging all residue-types (rather than just lysine); nevertheless, photo-cross-linkers have not enjoyed widespread use and are yet to be employed for proteome-wide studies because their products are challenging to identify. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis and application of two heterobifunctional photo-cross-linkers that feature diazirines and N-hydroxy-succinimidyl carbamate groups, the latter of which unveil doubly fissile MS-cleavable linkages upon acyl transfer to protein targets. Moreover, these cross-linkers demonstrate high water-solubility and cell-permeability. Using these compounds, we demonstrate the feasibility of proteome-wide photo-cross-linking in cellulo. These studies elucidate a small portion of Escherichia coli's interaction network, albeit with residue-level resolution. With further optimization, these methods will enable the detection of protein quinary interaction networks in their native environment at residue-level resolution, and we expect that they will prove useful toward the effort to explore the molecular sociology of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneliese M Faustino
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Piyoosh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Edgar Manriquez-Sandoval
- Thomas C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Divya Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Stephen D Fried
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Thomas C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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12
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Neumann N, Thinius S, Abels G, Hartwig A, Koschek K, Boskamp L. Multifunctional hyperbranched prepolymers with tailored degree of methylation and methacrylation. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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13
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Toksabay S, Leisegang M, Christ A, Härtl P, Krebs J, Marder TB, Haldar S, Heinze S, Bode M, Krueger A. Controlled Formation of Porous 2D Lattices from C 3 -symmetric Ph 6 -Me-Tribenzotriquinacene-OAc 3. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203187. [PMID: 36346617 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The on-surface self-assembly of molecules to form holey nanographenes is a promising approach to control the properties of the resulting 2D lattice. Usually, planar molecules are utilized to prepare flat, structurally confined molecular layers, with only a few recent examples of warped precursors. However, control of the superstructures is limited thus far. Herein, we report the temperature-controlled self-assembly of a bowl-shaped, acetylated C3 -symmetric hexaphenyltribenzotriquinacene derivative on Cu(111). Combining scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) confirms the formation of highly differing arrangements starting with π-stacked bowl-to-bowl dimers at low coverage at room temperature via chiral honeycomb structures, an intermediate trigonal superstructure, followed by a fully carbon-based, flattened hexagonal superstructure formed by on-surface deacetylation, which is proposed as a precursor for holey graphene networks with unique defect structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Toksabay
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Leisegang
- Physikalisches Institut Experimentelle Physik II, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Christ
- Physikalisches Institut Experimentelle Physik II, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Härtl
- Physikalisches Institut Experimentelle Physik II, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Krebs
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Soumyajyoti Haldar
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 15, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Heinze
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 15, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Bode
- Physikalisches Institut Experimentelle Physik II, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anke Krueger
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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14
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Kawabata T. Novel Strategies for Enantio- and Site-Selective Molecular Transformations. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2023; 71:466-484. [PMID: 37394594 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for symmetric synthesis based on dynamic chirality of enolates (memory of chirality) has been developed. Asymmetric alkylation, conjugate addition, aldol reaction, and arylation via C-N axially chiral enolate intermediates are described. Asymmetric alkylation and conjugate addition via C-O axially chiral enolate intermediates with a half-life of racemization as short as approx. 1 s. at -78 °C have been accomplished. Organocatalysts for asymmetric acylation and site-selective acylation have been developed. Kinetic resolution of racemic alcohols via remote asymmetric induction by the catalyst is shown. Catalyst-controlled site-selective acylation of carbohydrates and its application to total synthesis of natural glycoside are described. Chemo-selective monoacylation of diols and selective acylation of secondary alcohols with reversal of inherent reactivity are also discussed. Geometry-selective acylation of tetrasubstituted alkene diols is achieved, where acylation takes place independent from the steric environments of the substrates.
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15
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Tang Y, Grange RL, Engl OD, Miller SJ. Chemoselective Acylation of Nucleosides. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201661. [PMID: 35730928 PMCID: PMC9481663 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Rebecca L. Grange
- Process Chemistry & Development Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Oliver D. Engl
- Process Chemistry & Development Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
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16
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Arifuzzaman MD, Bose I, Bahrami F, Zhao Y. Imprinted Polymeric Nanoparticles as Artificial Enzymes for Ester Hydrolysis at Room Temperature and pH 7. CHEM CATALYSIS 2022; 2:2049-2065. [PMID: 38098612 PMCID: PMC10720975 DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural esterases hydrolyze esters under physiological pHs but chemists often have to use strongly acidic or basic conditions for the same hydrolysis. We report synthetic nanoparticle catalysts that hydrolyze nonactivated alkyl esters at room temperature and neutral pH, with enzyme-like catalytic mechanisms and exquisite substrate selectivity. Unlike natural enzymes that denature easily at elevated temperatures, the synthetic catalysts become more active at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Foroogh Bahrami
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, U.S.A
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, U.S.A
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17
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Rapid construction of cyclodextrin polyester layer on polyamide for preparing highly permeable reverse osmosis membrane. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Xia R, Xia C, Yang YX, Liu LJ, Chen LS, Sun LP. The practical acetylation of nucleosides using acetic anhydride/acetic acid as a reusable solvent. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/17475198221115020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The highly practical acetylation of free nucleosides is achieved using acetic anhydride/acetic acid as a reusable solvent and acetylating regent. A series of nucleosides, including ribosyl, deoxyribosyl, arabinosyl, acyclic and pyranosyl, and many clinical drugs were acetylated efficiently, even on large scale (200 g).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, P.R. China
| | - Chao Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Xing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, P.R. China
| | - Lei-Shan Chen
- School of Life Science and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- School of Life Science and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, P.R. China
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19
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Sy Pham N, Xuan Le V. 4-Dimethylaminopyridine: Discovery of a Co-reactant System Providing Outstanding and Reliable Emission in Electrochemiluminescence. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Okabe R, Sugisawa N, Fuse S. A micro-flow rapid dual activation approach for urethane-protected α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3303-3310. [PMID: 35229099 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the rapid dual activation (10 s, 20 °C) of a combination of an α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride and alkyl chloroformate in the synthesis of a urethane-protected α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride in a micro-flow reactor. The key to success was the combined use of two amines that activated both substrates with proper timing. Three amines, i-Pr2NEt, Me2NBn, or N-ethylmorpholine, were used with pyridine in accordance with the steric bulkiness of a side chain in the α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride. A variety of 16 urethane-protected α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides were synthesized in high yields. The role of amines was investigated based on the measurement of the time-dependent (0.5 to 10 s) decrease of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides and alkyl chloroformates in the presence of amines via flash mixing technology using a micro-flow reactor. It was suggested that the in situ generated acylpyridinium cation was highly active and less prone to causing undesired decomposition compared with the acylammonium cation examined in this study. Thus, even at a very low concentration, the acylpyridinium cation facilitated the desired coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Okabe
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Naoto Sugisawa
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Fuse
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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21
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Placidi S, D'Intignano TM, Salvio R. Preparation of Chiral
DMAP
Derivatives and Investigation on Their Enantioselective Catalytic Activity in Benzazetidine Synthesis and Kinetic Resolutions of Alcohols. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Placidi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5 Roma Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Salvio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche Università “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 Roma Italy
- ISB ‐ CNR Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione Università La Sapienza Roma
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22
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Rahmatpour A, Alinejad S, Donyapeyma G. Noncross-linked polystyrene nanoencapsulation of ferric chloride: A novel and reusable heterogeneous macromolecular Lewis acid catalyst toward selective acetylation of alcohols, phenols, amines, and thiols. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Mayr S, Zipse H. Annelated Pyridine Bases for the Selective Acylation of 1,2‐Diols. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Mayr
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Department of Chemistry Butenandt-Str. 5-13 81377 München GERMANY
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24
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A Novel Nanoencapsulated Zirconium(IV) Chloride Using Non-cross-linked Polystyrene as a Recyclable Lewis Acid Catalyst: Synthesis, Characterization, and Performance Towards Acylation of Alcohols and Phenols. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-03933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Alam MM, Atkore ST, Kamble VT, Varala R. ZrCl
4
‐Mg
(
ClO
4
)
2
: Highly efficient bimetallic catalyst for acetylation of alcohol with acetic acid. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mujahid Alam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep T. Atkore
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad Maharashtra India
| | - Vinod T. Kamble
- Department of chemistry Institute of Science Nagpur Maharashtra India
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26
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Zhang RZ, Zhang RX, Wang S, Xu C, Guan W, Wang M. An N-Trifluoromethylation/Cyclization Strategy for Accessing Diverse N-Trifluoromethyl Azoles from Nitriles and 1,3-Dipoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202110749. [PMID: 34704326 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
N-Trifluoromethyl azoles are valuable targets in medicinal chemistry, but their synthesis is challenging. Classical preparation of N-CF3 azoles relies on the functional group interconversions but suffers from tedious N-pre-functionalization and unfriendly agents. Introduction of the CF3 onto the nitrogen of heterocycles provides a direct route to such motifs, but the N-trifluoromethylation remains underdeveloped. Reported here is an alternative and scalable cyclization strategy based on NCF3 -containing synthons for constructing N-CF3 azoles. The approach involves the N-trifluoromethylation of nitriles followed by a [3+2] cyclization between resulting N-CF3 nitrilium derivatives and 1,3-dipoles. PhICF3 Cl was an effective CF3 source for the transformation. As a result, a generic platform is established to divergently synthesize N-trifluoromethylated tetrazoles, imidazoles, and 1,2,3-triazoles by using sodium azide, activated methylene isocyanides, and diazo compounds as dipoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhong Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ru Xue Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Functional of Material, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Institute of Functional of Material, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Mang Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China
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27
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Zhang RZ, Zhang RX, Wang S, Xu C, Guan W, Wang M. An
N
‐Trifluoromethylation/Cyclization Strategy for Accessing Diverse
N
‐Trifluoromethyl Azoles from Nitriles and 1,3‐Dipoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhong Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun 130024 China
| | - Ru Xue Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun 130024 China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Functional of Material College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun 130024 China
| | - Cong Xu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun 130024 China
| | - Wei Guan
- Institute of Functional of Material College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun 130024 China
| | - Mang Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University 5268 Renmin Street Changchun 130024 China
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28
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Bernardo O, González‐Pelayo S, López LA. Synthesis and Applications of Ferrocene‐Fused Nitrogen Heterocycles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaya Bernardo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Oviedo Julián Clavería 8 33006- Oviedo Spain
| | - Silvia González‐Pelayo
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas Facultad de Farmacia Universidad de Salamanca Campus Miguel de Unamuno 37007- Salamanca Spain
| | - Luis A. López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Oviedo Julián Clavería 8 33006- Oviedo Spain
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29
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Zhang X, Yang Y, Wang F, Zhou Z, Zhang H, Zhu Y. An Approach to the Synthesis of Electron-Rich and Hindered Esters and Its Application to the Synthesis of Acteoside. Org Lett 2021; 23:9210-9215. [PMID: 34779636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electron-rich esters are ubiquitously distributed in natural products and play a central role in bioactivities. Herein, we disclose an efficient, mild, and general esterification approach to the synthesis of these esters by employing gold(I)-catalyzed acylation reaction with alkyne-tethered mixed anhydrides and alcohols. This method can be applied to ester-bond formation in complex substrates and facilitates efficient synthesis of acteoside, which belongs to the family of phenylethanoid glycosides and possesses a broad range of bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Re- search & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Yutong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Re- search & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Fuye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Re- search & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Zhengbing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Re- search & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Re- search & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Yugen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Re- search & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
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30
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Keijzer JF, Firet J, Albada B. Site-selective and inducible acylation of thrombin using aptamer-catalyst conjugates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12960-12963. [PMID: 34792071 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05446e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two acyl-transfer catalysts were conjugated to thrombin-binding DNA aptamers to acylate thrombin. Modification occurred site-selectively on Lys (≫Ser) residues proximal to the respective aptamer-thrombin interface, was selective for thrombin in the presence of other proteins, and the activity of both DNA-catalysts could be controlled by an external trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi F Keijzer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6807 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Judith Firet
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6807 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bauke Albada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6807 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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31
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Richard NA, Charlton GD, Dyker CA. Enhancing catalytic activity of pyridines via para-iminophosphorano substituents. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9167-9171. [PMID: 34664050 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01630j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four pyridines decorated with π-donating iminophosphorano substituents (R3PN-) in the 4-position were assessed as acylation catalysts. These catalysts display high sensitivity to the groups at phosphorus, with activities that are well correlated to the corresponding Hammett-type substituent constants (σp+), and can achieve superior activity over the most active dialkylamino-substituted pyridines. Iminophosphorano-substituted pyridines represent an easily accessible, tunable, and highly active class of nucleophilic organocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Richard
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Grant D Charlton
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - C Adam Dyker
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada.
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32
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Avula SK, Raza Shah S, Al-Hosni K, U Anwar M, Csuk R, Das B, Al-Harrasi A. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 1 H-1,2,3-triazole and carboxylate analogues of metronidazole. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2377-2384. [PMID: 34621399 PMCID: PMC8450958 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a series of novel 1H-1,2,3-triazole and carboxylate derivatives of metronidazole (5a-i and 7a-e) were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity in vitro. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, and 19F NMR (5b, 5c and 5h) spectroscopy wherever applicable. The structures of compounds 3, 5c and 7b were unambiguously confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis diffraction method. Single crystal X-ray structure analysis supported the formation of the metronidazole derivatives. The antimicrobial (antifungal and antibacterial) activity of the prepared compounds was studied. All compounds (except 2 and 3) showed a potent inhibition rate of fungal growth as compared to control and metronidazole. The synthetic compounds also showed higher bacterial growth inhibiting effects compared to the activity of the parent compound. Amongst the tested compounds 5b, 5c, 5e, 7b and 7e displayed excellent potent antimicrobial activity. The current study has demonstrated the usefulness of the 1H-1,2,3-triazole moiety in the metronidazole skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Kumar Avula
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Syed Raza Shah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Khdija Al-Hosni
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad U Anwar
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rene Csuk
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, d-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Biswanath Das
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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33
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Ueda Y. Site-Selective Molecular Transformation: Acylation of Hydroxy Groups and C-H Amination. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:931-944. [PMID: 34602573 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Control of site selectivity is an exciting direction for synthetic organic chemistry owing to the possibility of selective modification of multifunctionalized molecules, ultimately including biomacromolecules. In this review, our recent research related to site selectivity in two types of transformation, namely, the acylation of hydroxy groups and C-H amination, is summarized. Regarding the acylation of hydroxy groups, catalyst-controlled site selectivity enables unconventional retrosynthetic analysis, leading to efficient syntheses of sugar-related natural and unnatural products. Regarding C-H amination, the discovery of unprecedented reaction sites in intermolecular amination mediated by dirhodium nitrenes is described. The findings of this research demonstrate the power of site-selective transformation in the synthesis of a particular class of compounds.
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34
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Conjugation of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine to primary amines in aqueous buffer solutions using an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester reagent. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Abdolmohammadi S, Gansebom D, Goyal S, Lee TH, Kuehl B, Forrester MJ, Lin FY, Hernández N, Shanks BH, Tessonnier JP, Cochran EW. Analysis of the Amorphous and Interphase Influence of Comononomer Loading on Polymer Properties toward Forwarding Bioadvantaged Copolyamides. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Abdolmohammadi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), 617 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Dustin Gansebom
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), 617 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Shailja Goyal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Ting-Han Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Baker Kuehl
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Michael J. Forrester
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Fang-Yi Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Nacú Hernández
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Brent H. Shanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), 617 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Tessonnier
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), 617 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Eric W. Cochran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 618 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Guo T, Tong H, Li Z, Sun J, Li Y, Yan R, Liu B, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Guo K. Introducing a 4-pyridyl group on the backbone of polybenzoxazine to an analog fixed-DMAP catalyst. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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Polyfluorinated triphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles with dendroid arylsulfanyl moieties as donor blocks in donor-acceptor chromophores. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Antenucci A, Dughera S, Renzi P. Green Chemistry Meets Asymmetric Organocatalysis: A Critical Overview on Catalysts Synthesis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2785-2853. [PMID: 33984187 PMCID: PMC8362219 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Can green chemistry be the right reading key to let organocatalyst design take a step forward towards sustainable catalysis? What if the intriguing chemistry promoted by more engineered organocatalysts was carried on by using renewable and naturally occurring molecular scaffolds, or at least synthetic catalysts more respectful towards the principles of green chemistry? Within the frame of these questions, this Review will tackle the most commonly occurring organic chiral catalysts from the perspective of their synthesis rather than their employment in chemical methodologies or processes. A classification of the catalyst scaffolds based on their E factor will be provided, and the global E factor (EG factor) will be proposed as a new green chemistry metric to consider, also, the synthetic route to the catalyst within a given organocatalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Antenucci
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TurinVia Pietro Giuria, 710125TurinItaly
- NIS Interdeprtmental CentreINSTM Reference CentreUniversity of TurinVia Gioacchino Quarello 15/A10135TurinItaly
| | - Stefano Dughera
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TurinVia Pietro Giuria, 710125TurinItaly
| | - Polyssena Renzi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TurinVia Pietro Giuria, 710125TurinItaly
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39
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Kumar N, Laye C, Robert F, Landais Y. Quinoline‐Based Silylium Ions: Synthesis, Structure and Lewis Acidity. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nivesh Kumar
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), UMR-5255 33400 Talence France
| | - Claire Laye
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), UMR-5255 33400 Talence France
| | - Frédéric Robert
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), UMR-5255 33400 Talence France
| | - Yannick Landais
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), UMR-5255 33400 Talence France
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40
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Krauß S, Becker L, Vetter W. Patterns and compound specific stable carbon isotope analysis (δ 13 C) of capsaicinoids in Cayenne chilli fruits of different ripening stages. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:530-543. [PMID: 33029820 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Capsaicinoids are alkaloids of high pungency which are exclusively formed by fruits of the genus Capsicum. Capsaicinoid content and composition of Capsicum fruits are influenced by ripening. OBJECTIVE Determination of changes in content and pattern of individual capsaicinoids in chilli pods with fruit ripening. Compound specific stable carbon isotope analysis (δ13 C values (‰), CSIA) was used for a better understanding of capsaicinoid development during fruit ripening. METHODOLOGY Cayenne chillies (Capsicum annuum) were grown in a glasshouse and harvested from different plants at four ripening stages (unripe, semi-ripe, ripe, overripe). Nine capsaicinoids (one verified by synthesis) were quantified by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For CSIA, an acetylation method for derivatising capsaicinoids was developed. RESULTS Variations in the patterns of the nine capsaicinoids were not relatable to a distinct ripening stage and also total contents varied extensively from plant to plant. However, changes in total capsaicinoid concentrations were systematic. In almost all plants, maximum values were reached in unripe fruits, then decreased to semi-ripe samples and increased again in the following ripening process. Likewise, δ13 C values of individual capsaicinoids were always by ~2‰ heavier in unripe than in semi-ripe or ripe fruits. However, direction of changes in sum-δ13 C values (‰) (taking contributions of all capsaicinoids together) could not be explained by corresponding variations in capsaicinoid concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Both quantification and δ13 C values (‰) verified the presence of ripening-related changes in the capsaicinoid content which may be caused by simultaneously proceeding reactions like synthesis, storage and degradation of capsaicinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Krauß
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Laura Becker
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Stuttgart, Germany
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41
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Vieira PS, Bonfim IM, Araujo EA, Melo RR, Lima AR, Fessel MR, Paixão DAA, Persinoti GF, Rocco SA, Lima TB, Pirolla RAS, Morais MAB, Correa JBL, Zanphorlin LM, Diogo JA, Lima EA, Grandis A, Buckeridge MS, Gozzo FC, Benedetti CE, Polikarpov I, Giuseppe PO, Murakami MT. Xyloglucan processing machinery in Xanthomonas pathogens and its role in the transcriptional activation of virulence factors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4049. [PMID: 34193873 PMCID: PMC8245568 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Xyloglucans are highly substituted and recalcitrant polysaccharides found in the primary cell walls of vascular plants, acting as a barrier against pathogens. Here, we reveal that the diverse and economically relevant Xanthomonas bacteria are endowed with a xyloglucan depolymerization machinery that is linked to pathogenesis. Using the citrus canker pathogen as a model organism, we show that this system encompasses distinctive glycoside hydrolases, a modular xyloglucan acetylesterase and specific membrane transporters, demonstrating that plant-associated bacteria employ distinct molecular strategies from commensal gut bacteria to cope with xyloglucans. Notably, the sugars released by this system elicit the expression of several key virulence factors, including the type III secretion system, a membrane-embedded apparatus to deliver effector proteins into the host cells. Together, these findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms underpinning the intricate enzymatic machinery of Xanthomonas to depolymerize xyloglucans and uncover a role for this system in signaling pathways driving pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plinio S. Vieira
- grid.452567.70000 0004 0445 0877Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Isabela M. Bonfim
- grid.452567.70000 0004 0445 0877Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo Brazil ,grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Evandro A. Araujo
- grid.452567.70000 0004 0445 0877Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo Brazil ,grid.452567.70000 0004 0445 0877Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ricardo R. Melo
- grid.452567.70000 0004 0445 0877Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Augusto R. Lima
- grid.452567.70000 0004 0445 0877Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Melissa R. Fessel
- grid.418514.d0000 0001 1702 8585Butantan Institute, Butantan Foundation, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Douglas A. A. Paixão
- grid.452567.70000 0004 0445 0877Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Gabriela F. Persinoti
- grid.452567.70000 0004 0445 0877Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Silvana A. Rocco
- grid.452567.70000 0004 0445 0877Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Tatiani B. Lima
- grid.452567.70000 0004 0445 0877Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Renan A. S. Pirolla
- grid.452567.70000 0004 0445 0877Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Mariana A. B. Morais
- grid.452567.70000 0004 0445 0877Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Jessica B. L. Correa
- grid.452567.70000 0004 0445 0877Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Leticia M. Zanphorlin
- grid.452567.70000 0004 0445 0877Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Jose A. Diogo
- grid.452567.70000 0004 0445 0877Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo Brazil ,grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Evandro A. Lima
- grid.452567.70000 0004 0445 0877Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Adriana Grandis
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos S. Buckeridge
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio C. Gozzo
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Celso E. Benedetti
- grid.452567.70000 0004 0445 0877Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Priscila O. Giuseppe
- grid.452567.70000 0004 0445 0877Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Mario T. Murakami
- grid.452567.70000 0004 0445 0877Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
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Di Francesco D, Dahlstrand C, Löfstedt J, Orebom A, Verendel J, Carrick C, Håkansson Å, Eriksson S, Rådberg H, Wallmo H, Wimby M, Huber F, Federsel C, Backmark M, Samec JSM. Debottlenecking a Pulp Mill by Producing Biofuels from Black Liquor in Three Steps. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2414-2425. [PMID: 33851793 PMCID: PMC8251813 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
By extracting lignin, pulp production can be increased without heavy investments in a new recovery boiler, the typical bottleneck of a pulp mill. The extraction is performed by using 0.20 and 0.15 weight equivalents of CO2 and H2 SO4 respectively. Herein, we describe lignin esterification with fatty acids using benign reagents to generate a lignin ester mixable with gas oils. The esterification is accomplished by activating the fatty acid and lignin with acetic anhydride which can be regenerated from the acetic acid recycled in this reaction. The resulting mass balance ratio is fatty acid/lignin/acetic acid (2 : 1 : 0.1). This lignin ester can be hydroprocessed to generate hydrocarbons in gasoline, aviation, and diesel range. A 300-hour continuous production of fuel was accomplished. By recirculating reagents from both the esterification step and applying a water gas shift reaction on off-gases from the hydroprocessing, a favorable overall mass balance is realized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joseph S. M. Samec
- Department of Organic ChemistryStockholm University10691StockholmSweden
- RenFuel ABSturegatan 3810248StockholmSweden
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43
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Studzian M, Pérez ME, Arias-Pérez MS. Experimental observations on the reductive cleavage of endo and exo 3,4-O-benzylidene fucopyranoside derivatives. Carbohydr Res 2021; 505:108338. [PMID: 34023694 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Reductive cleavage of methyl 3,4-O-benzylidene-α-L-fucopyranosides with BH3·THF-TfOH and NaCNBH3-TfOH systems resulted in enhanced reaction rates and selectivity compared to BH3·THF-Bu2BOTf. With this latter system, the nature of the O-2 substituent exerted a clear control on the reactivity but practically did not affect the regioselectivity. With TfOH the direction of cleavage was determined, as expected, by the configuration of the acetal carbon atom, but slightly influenced by its competitive epimerization. Protic conditions provided higher regioselectivity in the openings of the exo isomers, affording a useful approach to the practical synthesis of 3-O-benzyl ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Studzian
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Elena Pérez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Selma Arias-Pérez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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44
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Weldu WD, Wang CC. Selective Acetylation of Non-anomeric Groups of per- O-Trimethylsilylated Sugars. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5336-5344. [PMID: 33634698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selective modification of the hydroxyl groups of sugars has been a long-standing challenge due to their proximate relative reactivity. Herein, we report a TMSOTf-catalyzed selective acetylation of the non-anomeric hydroxyl groups of several per-O-TMS-protected sugar substrates while leaving their anomeric group unaffected. In addition to standing versatile by itself, the anomeric O-TMS group left intact can be functionalized to afford key sugar precursors such as imidate donors, which could otherwise be synthesized via a stepwise anomeric deprotection-functionalization procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welday Desta Weldu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST), Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chung Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST), Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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45
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Synthesis process optimization and field trials of insecticide candidate NKY-312. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6895. [PMID: 33767360 PMCID: PMC7994830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
NKY-312 is a highly active insecticide candidate with a simple structure. In order to carry out field trials and toxicity tests, its scale preparation is urgently needed, but the final step of the original synthetic route is a low-yielding sulfonylation reaction that generates a high proportion of a bissulfonylated by-product, its foliar contact activities against bean aphid (80% at 100 mg/kg) is significantly lower than that of NKY-312 (100% at 5 mg/kg), and uses pyridine as the solvent. In this work, we developed a highly selective (4-dimethylaminopyridine)-catalyzed monosulfonylation reaction that avoids the use of pyridine as a solvent and shows a much higher yield (98% yield with 98% HPLC purity) than the original reaction (68%). Then, we carried out the field trials and toxicity tests. In field experiments, the activities of NKY-312 against rice planthopper and wheat aphid were equal to pymetrozine and imidacloprid respectively.
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46
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Lee H, Stryutsky A, Mahmood AU, Singh A, Shevchenko VV, Yingling YG, Tsukruk VV. Weakly Ionically Bound Thermosensitive Hyperbranched Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2913-2927. [PMID: 33621461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized novel amphiphilic hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) with variable contents of weakly ionically tethered thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) macrocations in contrast to traditional covalent linking. Their assembling behavior was studied below and above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The HBPs underwent a morphological transition under changing temperature and ionic strength due to the LCST transition of PNIPAM and the reduction in the ionization degree of terminal ionic groups, respectively. We suggest that, in contrast to traditional branched polymers, ionically linked PNIPAM macrocations can reversibly disassociate from the sulfonate groups and form mobile coronas, endowing the dynamic micellar morphologies. In addition, assembly at the air-water interface confined PNIPAM macrocations and resulted in the formation of heterogeneous Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) monolayers with diverse surface morphologies for different peripheral compositions with circular domains formed in the condensed state. The HBPs with 25% PNIPAM showed larger and more stable circular domains that were partially preserved at high compression than those of HBPs with 50% PNIPAM. Moreover, the LB monolayers showed variable surface mechanical and surface charge distribution, which can be attributed to net dipole redistribution caused by the behavior of mobile PNIPAM macrocations and core sulfonate groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Alexandr Stryutsky
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkivske Shosse 48, Kyiv 02160, Ukraine
| | - Akhlak-Ul Mahmood
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Valery V Shevchenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkivske Shosse 48, Kyiv 02160, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslava G Yingling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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47
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Marichev KO, Wang K, Greco N, Dong K, Chen J, Lei J, Doyle MP. Strain-Induced Nucleophilic Ring Opening of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropenes for Synthesis of Monosubstituted Succinic Acid Derivatives. Chemistry 2021; 27:340-347. [PMID: 32853426 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
1,2,3-Trisubstituted donor-acceptor cyclopropenes (DACPs) generated in situ from enoldiazo compounds react with nucleophiles to form α-substituted succinic acid derivatives in high yields. Initial dirhodium(II) carboxylate catalysis rapidly converts enoldiazo-acetates or -acetamides to DACPs that undergo catalyst-free Favorskii ring opening with amines, and also with anilines, alcohols, and thiols, when facilitated by catalytic amounts of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). This methodology provides easy access to mixed esters and amides of monosubstituted succinic acids, including derivatives of naturally occurring compounds. It also affords dihydrazide, dihydroxamic acid, and diamide derivatives, as well as α-substituted tetrahydropyridazine-3,6-diones in high yields. Attempts to generate optically enriched DACPs were not successful because their populations having the R and S configurations formed with a chiral dirhodium catalyst are quite similar, and the loss of enantiocontrol likely originates from the DACP ring forming step which is reversible with its intermediate metal carbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostiantyn O Marichev
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Nicole Greco
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Kuiyong Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Jinzhou Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guang Zhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jinping Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guang Zhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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48
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Genaev AM, Salnikov GE, Koltunov KY. Unusual temperature-sensitive protonation behaviour of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:866-872. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01893g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An unusually strong impact of temperature on the protonation degree of DMAP in strong acid solutions has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Konstantin Yu. Koltunov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
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49
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Liu J, Fujita H, Kitamura M, Shimada D, Kunishima M. Development of a triazinedione-based dehydrative condensing reagent containing 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine as an acyl transfer catalyst. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4712-4719. [PMID: 33969372 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00450f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new triazinedione-based reagent, (N,N'-dialkyl)triazinedione-4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (ATD-DMAP) was developed for the operationally simple dehydrative condensation of carboxylic acids. This reagent comprises an ATD core and DMAP as the leaving group, which is liberated into the reaction system to accelerate acyl transfer reactions. Upon adding ATD-DMAP to a mixture of carboxylic acids and alcohols in the presence of an amine base, the corresponding esters were formed rapidly at room temperature. Moreover, dehydrative condensation between carboxylic acids and amines using ATD-DMAP proceeded in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Hikaru Fujita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Masanori Kitamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8578, Japan
| | - Daichi Shimada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Munetaka Kunishima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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Majhi S, Das D. Chemical derivatization of natural products: Semisynthesis and pharmacological aspects- A decade update. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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