1
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Kao CP, Lee JY, Tang MC, Lee HM. Design and synthesis of versatile ligand precursors based on phosphonium ylides for palladalactam formation and catalytic investigation. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10475-10485. [PMID: 38836836 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00862f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
A new series of ligand precursors designed for the synthesis of palladalactams has been developed. These precursors are easily accessible through a one-step reaction involving 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide and a wide choice of various monophosphines, offering tunable electronic and steric properties within the ligand framework. The stability of both ligand precursors and resulting palladalactams in ambient air enhances their practical applicability. A newly synthesized palladalactam, featuring an electron-donating triethylphosphine moiety on the anionic phosphonium ylide ligand scaffold exhibited promising catalytic activities in the Mizoroki-Heck coupling reaction between aryl chlorides and alkenes. Theoretical calculations further affirmed that the ligand system in the complex is the most electron-donating, forming the strongest Pd-C bond compared to other complexes with alternative phosphine moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Po Kao
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 500, Taiwan.
| | - Jhen-Yi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 500, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Cheng Tang
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 500, Taiwan.
| | - Hon Man Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 500, Taiwan.
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2
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Yu CH, Au-Yeung KC, Liu R, Lee CH, Jiang D, Semagne Aweke B, Wu CH, Wang YJ, Wang TH, Voon Kong K, Yap GPA, Chen WC, Frenking G, Zhao L, Ong TG. Diversification of the Carbodicarbene Class by Embedding an Anionic Component in its Scaffold. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302886. [PMID: 37730960 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbodicarbene (CDC) has become an emerging ligand in many fields due to its strong σ-donating ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Yu
- Institute of chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C., 115201
| | - Ka-Chun Au-Yeung
- Institute of chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C., 115201
- Corporate R&D Center, LCY Chemical Corporation, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Ruiqin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Hsien Lee
- Institute of chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C., 115201
| | - Dandan Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bamlaku Semagne Aweke
- Institute of chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C., 115201
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Chia-Hung Wu
- Institute of chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C., 115201
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Yu-Jou Wang
- Institute of chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C., 115201
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Ting-Hsuan Wang
- Institute of chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C., 115201
| | - Kien Voon Kong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Wen-Ching Chen
- Institute of chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C., 115201
| | - Gernot Frenking
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lili Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiow-Gan Ong
- Institute of chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C., 115201
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C
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3
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Ameskal M, Taakili R, Gulyaeva ES, Duhayon C, Willot J, Lugan N, Lepetit C, Valyaev DA, Canac Y. Phosphine-NHC-Phosphonium Ylide Pincer Ligand: Complexation with Pd(II) and Unconventional P-Coordination of the Ylide Moiety. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37996076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of two pincer preligands [Ph2PCH(R)ImCH2CH2CH2PPh3]X2 (R = H, X = OTf; R = Ph, X = BF4) was developed. Subsequent reactions with PdCl2 and an excess of Cs2CO3 led to the formation of highly stable cationic ortho-metalated Pd(II) complexes [(P,C,C,C)Pd]X exhibiting phosphine, NHC, phosphonium ylide, and σ-aryl donor extremities. The protonation of one of the latter complexes with R = H affords the Pd(II) complex [(P,C,C)Pd(MeCN)](OTf)2 bearing an unprecedented nonsymmetrical NHC core pincer scaffold with a 5,6-chelating framework. The overall donor properties of this phosphine-NHC-phosphonium ylide ligand were estimated using the experimental νCN stretching frequency in the corresponding [(P,C,C)Pd(CNtBu](OTf)2 derivative and were shown to be competitive with the related bis(NHC)-phosphonium ylide and phenoxy-NHC-phosphonium ylide pincers. The presence of a phenyl substituent in the bridge between phosphine and NHC moieties in the ortho-metalated complex [(P,C,C,C)Pd](BF4) makes possible the deprotonation of this position using LDA to provide a persistent zwitterionic complex [(P,C,C,C)Pd] featuring a rare P-coordinated phosphonium ylide moiety in addition to a conventional C-coordinated one. The comparison of the 31P and 13C NMR data for these C- and P-bound phosphonium ylide fragments within the same molecule was performed for the first time, and the bonding situation in both cases was studied in detail by QTAIM and ELF topological analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ameskal
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Rachid Taakili
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Ekaterina S Gulyaeva
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS), Russian Academy of Sciences, 28/1 Vavilov str., GSP-1, B-334, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Carine Duhayon
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Jérémy Willot
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Christine Lepetit
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Dmitry A Valyaev
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
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4
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Canac Y. Carbon-Phosphorus Ligands with Extreme Donating Character. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300187. [PMID: 37435947 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbeniophosphines [R2 C+ -PR2 ] and phosphonium ylides [R3 P+ -CR2 - ] are two complementary classes of carbon-phosphorus based ligands defined by their unique donor properties. Indeed, while carbeniophosphines are electron-poor P-ligands due to the positioning of a positive charge near the coordinating P-atom, phosphonium ylides are electron-rich C-ligands due to the presence of a negatively charged coordinating C-atom. Based on this knowledge, this account summarizes our recent contribution on these two classes of carbon-phosphorus ligands, and in particular the strategies developed to lower the donor character of carbeniophosphines and enhance that of phosphonium ylides. This led us to design, at both extremities of the donating scale, extremely electron-poor P-ligands exemplified by imidazoliophosphonites [R2 C+ -P(OR)2 ] and dicarbeniophosphines [(R2 C+ )2 -PR], and extremely electron-rich C-ligands illustrated by pincer architectures exhibiting several phosphonium ylide donor extremities. In the context of carbon-phosphorus analogy, the closely related cases of ligands where the C-atom of a NHC ligand is in close proximity of two positive charges, and that of a phosphonium ylide coordinated through its P-atom are also discussed. An overview of the synthetic methods, coordinating properties, general reactivity and electronic structure of all these C,P-based species is presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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5
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Kooij B, Dong Z, Fadaei-Tirani F, Scopelliti R, Severin K. Synthesis and Reactivity of an Anionic Diazoolefin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308625. [PMID: 37387555 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Bent (hetero)allenes such as carbodicarbenes and carbodiphosphoranes can act as neutral C-donor ligands, and diverse applications in coordination chemistry have been reported. N-Heterocyclic diazoolefins are heterocumulenes, which can function in a similar fashion as L-type ligands. Herein, we describe the synthesis and the reactivity of an anionic diazoolefin. This compound displays distinct reactivity compared to neutral diazoolefins, as evidenced by the preparation of diazo compounds via protonation, alkylation, or silylation. The anionic diazoolefin can be employed as an ambidentate, X-type ligand in salt metathesis reactions with metal halide complexes. Extrusion of dinitrogen was observed in a reaction with PCl(NiPr2 )2 , resulting in a stable phosphinocarbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan Kooij
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zhaowen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, 610064, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Popovici I, Barthes C, Tannoux T, Duhayon C, Casaretto N, Monari A, Auffrant A, Canac Y. Phosphonium Ylides vs Iminophosphoranes: The Role of the Coordinating Ylidic Atom in cis-[Phosphine-Ylide Rh(CO) 2] Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2376-2388. [PMID: 36704899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The coordinating properties of two families of ylides, namely, phosphonium ylides and iminophosphoranes, differently substituted at the ylidic center (CH2- vs NiPr-), have been investigated in structurally related cationic phosphine-ylide Rh(CO)2 complexes obtained from readily available phosphine-phosphonium salt precursors derived from an ortho-phenylene bridge. However, while the Rh(CO)2 complex bearing the P+-CH2- donor moiety proved to be stable, the P═NiPr donor end appeared to induce lability to one of the CO groups. All of the RhI carbonyl complexes in both ylide series were fully characterized, including through X-ray diffraction analysis. Based on the experimental and calculated infrared (IR) CO stretching frequencies in Rh(CO)2 complexes, we evidenced that the phosphonium ylide ligand is a stronger donor than the iminophosphorane ligand. However, we also found that the difference in the intrinsic electronic properties can be largely compensated by the introduction of an iPr substituent on the N atom of the iminophosphorane, hence pointing to the noninnocent role of the peripheral substituent and opening novel possibilities to tune the properties of metal complexes containing ylide ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Popovici
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Cécile Barthes
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Thibault Tannoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Carine Duhayon
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Nicolas Casaretto
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Antonio Monari
- ITODYS, Université Paris Cité and CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Auffrant
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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7
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El Kadiri M, Chihab A, Taakili R, Duhayon C, Valyaev DA, Canac Y. Diverse C-Coordination Modes of NHC-Tricyclohexylphosphonium Ylide Ligands in Palladium(II) Complexes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha El Kadiri
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Abdelali Chihab
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Rachid Taakili
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Carine Duhayon
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Dmitry A. Valyaev
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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8
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Valyaev DA, Canac Y. Carbenes and phosphonium ylides: a fruitful association in coordination chemistry. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16434-16442. [PMID: 34664574 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03155d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Among a plethora of σ-donor ligands available, carbon-centered ones have become essential, in particular with the emergence of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), positioning themselves as credible alternatives to traditional nitrogen- and phosphorus-based systems. Phosphonium ylides representing another class of neutral η1-bonded carbon ligands have also been shown to act as effective Lewis bases. Considering the intrinsic features of the carbene and phosphonium ylide ligands, similar in terms of electronic properties, but different in terms of bonding mode, the design of hybrid systems combining these two types of carbon functionalities appeared to be a natural and exciting challenge. This Perspective comprehensively covers the chemistry of such ligand architectures from synthesis and fundamental aspects to catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Valyaev
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse Cedex 4 31077, France.
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse Cedex 4 31077, France.
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Taakili R, Barthes C, Lepetit C, Duhayon C, Valyaev DA, Canac Y. Direct Access to Palladium(II) Complexes Based on Anionic C, C, C-Phosphonium Ylide Core Pincer Ligand. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12116-12128. [PMID: 34333976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of readily available imidazolium-phosphonium salt [MesIm(CH2)3PPh3](OTf)2 with PdCl2 in the presence of an excess of Cs2CO3 afforded selectively in one step the cationic Pd(II) complex [(C,C,C)Pd(NCMe)](OTf) exhibiting an LX2-type NHC-ylide-aryl C,C,C-pincer ligand via formal triple C-H bond activation. The replacement of labile MeCN in the latter by CNtBu and CO fragments allowed to estimate the overall electronic properties of this phosphonium ylide core pincer scaffold incorporating three different carbon-based donor ends by IR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and molecular orbital analysis, revealing its significantly higher electron-rich character compared to the structurally close NHC core pincer system with two phosphonium ylide extremities. The pincer complex [(C,C,C)Pd(CO)](OTf) represents a rare example of Pd(II) carbonyl species stable at room temperature and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. The treatment of isostructural cationic complexes [(C,C,C)Pd(NCMe)](OTf) and [(C,C,C)Pd(CO)](OTf) with (allyl)MgBr and nBuLi led to the formation of zwitterionic phosphonium organopalladates [(C,C,C)PdBr] and [(C,C,C)Pd(COnBu)], respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Taakili
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Barthes
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Lepetit
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Duhayon
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Dmitry A Valyaev
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Cedex 4 Toulouse, France
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10
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Weitkamp RF, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Phosphorus-Containing Superbases: Recent Progress in the Chemistry of Electron-Abundant Phosphines and Phosphazenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:10807-10825. [PMID: 34032319 PMCID: PMC8362139 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The renaissance of Brønsted superbases is primarily based on their pronounced capacity for a large variety of chemical transformations under mild reaction conditions. Four major set screws are available for the selective tuning of the basicity: the nature of the basic center (N, P, …), the degree of electron donation by substituents to the central atom, the possibility of charge delocalization, and the energy gain by hydrogen bonding. Within the past decades, a plethora of neutral electron-rich phosphine and phosphazene bases have appeared in the literature. Their outstanding properties and advantages over inorganic or charged bases have now made them indispensable as auxiliary bases in deprotonation processes. Herein, an update of the chemistry of basic phosphines and phosphazenes is given. In addition, due to widespread interest, their use in catalysis or as ligands in coordination chemistry is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin F. Weitkamp
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
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11
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Moura IMR, Tranquilino A, Sátiro BG, Silva RO, de Oliveira-Silva D, Oliveira RA, Menezes PH. Unusual Application for Phosphonium Salts and Phosphoranes: Synthesis of Chalcogenides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5954-5964. [PMID: 33789421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy for the synthesis of sulfides and selenides from phosphonium salts and thio- or selenesulfonates, commercially available compounds, is described. When phosphoranes were used in the reaction, different products were obtained. The methodology does not require the use of metals, reactive species, or anhydrous conditions to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor M R Moura
- Depto. de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-560 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Arisson Tranquilino
- Depto. de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-560 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Barbara G Sátiro
- Depto. de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-560 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ricardo O Silva
- Depto. de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-560 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Diogo de Oliveira-Silva
- Depto. de Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09972-270 Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta A Oliveira
- Depto. de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-560 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Menezes
- Depto. de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-560 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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12
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Jabłoński M. Study of Beryllium, Magnesium, and Spodium Bonds to Carbenes and Carbodiphosphoranes. Molecules 2021; 26:2275. [PMID: 33920004 PMCID: PMC8071025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to present results of theoretical study on the properties of C⋯M bonds, where C is either a carbene or carbodiphosphorane carbon atom and M is an acidic center of MX2 (M = Be, Mg, Zn). Due to the rarity of theoretical data regarding the C⋯Zn bond (i.e., the zinc bond), the main focus is placed on comparing the characteristics of this interaction with C⋯Be (beryllium bond) and C⋯Mg (magnesium bond). For this purpose, theoretical studies (ωB97X-D/6-311++G(2df,2p)) have been performed for a large group of dimers formed by MX2 (X = H, F, Cl, Br, Me) and either a carbene ((NH2)2C, imidazol-2-ylidene, imidazolidin-2-ylidene, tetrahydropyrymid-2-ylidene, cyclopropenylidene) or carbodiphosphorane ((PH3)2C, (NH3)2C) molecule. The investigated dimers are characterized by a very strong charge transfer effect from either the carbene or carbodiphosphorane molecule to the MX2 one. This may even be over six times as strong as in the water dimer. According to the QTAIM and NCI method, the zinc bond is not very different than the beryllium bond, with both featuring a significant covalent contribution. However, the zinc bond should be definitely stronger if delocalization index is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Jabłoński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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13
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Canac Y. Carbon Ligands: From Fundamental Aspects to Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:2132. [PMID: 33917652 PMCID: PMC8068049 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand design is at the forefront of many advances in various areas of chemistry such as organometallic chemistry, functional materials, and homogeneous catalysis [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France
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14
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Okamoto K, Sasakura K, Funasaka S, Watanabe H, Suezaki M, Ohe K. Properties and Reactivities of Zwitterionic Platinum(II)-ate Complexes Generated by Transforming Coordination of an Alkyne–Bisphosphine Ligand. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kohei Sasakura
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Funasaka
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiiro Watanabe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Suezaki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kouichi Ohe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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15
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Gorantla SMNVT, Mondal KC. Bonding and Stability of C
6
F
4
Bridged by Bis‐Carbenes: EDA‐NOCV Analysis of (L)
2
C
6
F
4
[L = SNHC
Dip
, cAAC
Me
]. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202001056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Colebatch AL, Frogley BJ, Hill AF, Onn CS. Pnictogen‐Functionalised C
1
Ligands: MC‐AR
n
(
n
=0, 1, 2, 3). Chemistry 2021; 27:5322-5343. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annie L. Colebatch
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Frogley
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Chee S. Onn
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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17
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Gao Y, Pink M, Smith JM. Iron(II) Complexes of an Anionic Bis(ylide)diphenylborate Ligand. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17303-17309. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jeremy M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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18
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Phosphine-phosphonium ylides as ligands in palladium-catalysed C2-H arylation of benzoxazoles. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Gorantla SMNVT, Pan S, Mondal KC, Frenking G. Stabilization of Linear C 3 by Two Donor Ligands: A Theoretical Study of L-C 3 -L (L=PPh 3 , NHC Me , cAAC Me )*. Chemistry 2020; 26:14211-14220. [PMID: 32743817 PMCID: PMC7702110 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical studies using density functional theory and ab initio methods have been carried out for the molecules L-C3 -L with L=PPh3 (1), NHCMe (2, NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene), and cAACMe (3, cAAC=cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene). The calculations predict that 1 and 2 have equilibrium geometries where the ligands are bonded with rather acute bonding angles at the linear C3 moiety. The phosphine adduct 1 has a synclinal (gauche) conformation whereas 2 exhibits a trans conformation of the ligands. In contrast, the compound 3 possesses a nearly linear arrangement of the carbene ligands at the C3 fragment. The bond dissociation energies of the ligands have the order 1<2<3. The bonding analysis using charge and energy decomposition methods suggests that 3 is best described as a cumulene with electron-sharing double bonds between neutral fragments (cAACMe )2 and C3 in the respective electronic quintet state yielding (cAACMe )=C3 =(cAACMe ). In contrast, 1 and 2 possess electron-sharing and dative bonds between positively charged ligands [(PPh3 )2 ]+ or [(NHCMe )2 ]+ and negatively charged [C3 ]- fragments in the respective doublet state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudip Pan
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße35032MarburgGermany
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for, Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816P. R. China
| | | | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße35032MarburgGermany
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for, Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816P. R. China
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20
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Sarbajna A, Swamy VSVSN, Gessner VH. Phosphorus-ylides: powerful substituents for the stabilization of reactive main group compounds. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2016-2024. [PMID: 34163963 PMCID: PMC8179322 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03278f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus ylides are 1,2-dipolar compounds with a negative charge on the carbon atom. This charge is stabilized by the neighbouring onium moiety, but can also be shifted towards other substituents thus making ylides strong π donor ligands and hence ideal substituents to stabilize reactive compounds such as cations and low-valent main group species. Furthermore, the donor strength and the steric properties can easily be tuned to meet different requirements for stabilizing reactive compounds and for tailoring the properties and reactivities of the main group element. Although the use of ylide substituents in main group chemistry is still in its infancy, the first examples of isolated compounds impressively demonstrate the potential of these ligands. This review summarizes the most important discoveries also in comparison to other substituents, thus outlining avenues for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Sarbajna
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - V S V S N Swamy
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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21
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Taakili R, Canac Y. NHC Core Pincer Ligands Exhibiting Two Anionic Coordinating Extremities. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092231. [PMID: 32397416 PMCID: PMC7248942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemistry of NHCcore pincer ligands of LX2 type bearing two pending arms, identical or not, whose coordinating center is anionic in nature, is here reviewed. In this family, the negative charge of the coordinating atoms can be brought either by a carbon atom via a phosphonium ylide (R3P+-CR2-) or by a heteroatom through amide (R2N-), oxide (RO-), or thio(seleno)oxide (RS-, RSe-) donor functionalities. Through selected examples, the synthetic methods, coordination properties, and applications of such tridentate systems are described. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of the donor ends in the chemical behavior of these species.
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22
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Taakili R, Barthes C, Goëffon A, Lepetit C, Duhayon C, Valyaev DA, Canac Y. NHC Core Phosphonium Ylide-based Palladium(II) Pincer Complexes: The Second Ylide Extremity Makes the Difference. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7082-7096. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Taakili
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Cécile Barthes
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Amel Goëffon
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Christine Lepetit
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Carine Duhayon
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Dmitry A. Valyaev
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC−CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France
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23
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Flosdorf K, Jiang D, Zhao L, Neumüller B, Frenking G, Kuzu I. An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Structures and Properties of [CDP
Me
‐Ni(CO)
3
] and [Ni
2
(CO)
4
(µ
2
‐CO)(µ
2
‐CDP
Me
)]. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimon Flosdorf
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, D ‐35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Bernhard Neumüller
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, D ‐35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing China
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, D ‐35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Istemi Kuzu
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 4, D ‐35032 Marburg Germany
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24
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Li P, Liu JB, Han S, Deng W, Yao ZJ. Half-sandwich Ir (III) and Rh (III) complexes as catalysts for water oxidation with double-site. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Jin-Bao Liu
- Department of Science and Technology; Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College; Shanghai 201415 China
| | - Sheng Han
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 China
| | - Zi-Jian Yao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shanghai Institute of Technology; Shanghai 201418 China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
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25
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Fustier-Boutignon M, Nebra N, Mézailles N. Geminal Dianions Stabilized by Main Group Elements. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8555-8700. [PMID: 31194516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is dedicated to the chemistry of stable and isolable species that bear two lone pairs at the same C center, i.e., geminal dianions, stabilized by main group elements. Three cases can thus be considered: the geminal-dilithio derivative, for which the two substituents at C are neutral, the yldiide derivatives, for which one substituent is neutral while the other is charged, and finally the geminal bisylides, for which the two substituents are positively charged. In this review, the syntheses and electronic structures of the geminal dianions are presented, followed by the studies dedicated to their reactivity toward organic substrates and finally to their coordination chemistry and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fustier-Boutignon
- UPS, CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069 , Université de Toulouse , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse , France
| | - Noel Nebra
- UPS, CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069 , Université de Toulouse , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse , France
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- UPS, CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069 , Université de Toulouse , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse , France
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26
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Chen X, Li Z, Frenking G, Fernández I, Zhao L, Grützmacher H. Bent Phosphaallenes With "Hidden" Lone Pairs as Ligands. Chemistry 2019; 25:7912-7920. [PMID: 30927503 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphaheteroallenes R-P=C=L, with L = N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), can be viewed to a certain extent as phosphaisonitriles stabilized with NHCs, R-P=C:←L. The suitability of these molecules as ligands for coinage-metal ions was investigated and coordination through the central carbon center was observed in most cases. A combination of experiments, spectroscopic methods, and DFT calculations indicates the presence of a hidden electron pair at the carbon center of R-P=C:←L. Remarkably, this lone pair also inserts intramolecularly in C-H bonds showing the carbene-type reactivity which is expected for phosphaisonitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, 30071, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany.,Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for, Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I,Centro de Innovación en, Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for, Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, 30071, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Doddi A, Peters M, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts of Main Group Elements and Their Use as Ligands in Transition Metal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6994-7112. [PMID: 30983327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are nowadays ubiquitous and indispensable in many research fields, and it is not possible to imagine modern transition metal and main group element chemistry without the plethora of available NHCs with tailor-made electronic and steric properties. While their suitability to act as strong ligands toward transition metals has led to numerous applications of NHC complexes in homogeneous catalysis, their strong σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting abilities have also contributed to an impressive vitalization of main group chemistry with the isolation and characterization of NHC adducts of almost any element. Formally, NHC coordination to Lewis acids affords a transfer of nucleophilicity from the carbene carbon atom to the attached exocyclic moiety, and low-valent and low-coordinate adducts of the p-block elements with available lone pairs and/or polarized carbon-element π-bonds are able to act themselves as Lewis basic donor ligands toward transition metals. Accordingly, the availability of a large number of novel NHC adducts has not only produced new varieties of already existing ligand classes but has also allowed establishment of numerous complexes with unusual and often unprecedented element-metal bonds. This review aims at summarizing this development comprehensively and covers the usage of N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of the p-block elements as ligands in transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Peters
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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28
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Mulks FF, Antoni PW, Gross JH, Graf J, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. 1,1-Digoldallylium Complexes: Diaurated Allylic Carbocations Indicate New Prospects of the Coordination Chemistry of Carbon. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4687-4695. [PMID: 30764608 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Reacting (NHC)(cyclopropenyl)gold(I) complexes with cationic gold complexes [(IPr)AuX] afforded extremely reactive allylium-1,1-diido-bridged digold intermediates. We prove the existence and constitution of this structure with FT-ICR-MS/MS, NMR, and UV-vis-NIR experiments and isolated the nucleophilic addition product [(Me)(Ph)(CCHC){Au(IPr)}2(SOMe2)]NTf2 with DMSO. Our computational investigation unveiled that the bonding situation of this μ-allylium-1,1-diido digold domain was best described as a three-center-four-electron bond with a π-backbond. The valence orbitals showed extreme delocalization and strong π-interactions between the three centers Au1-C1-Au2. The bridging carbon atom C1 was best described as trigonal planar sp-hybridized carbon in this structure. Excitation succeeded in UV-vis-NIR measurements with energies as low as near-IR radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian F Mulks
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Patrick W Antoni
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jürgen H Gross
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jürgen Graf
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
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29
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Oswald T, Fischer M, Struckmann N, Schmidtmann M, Beckhaus R. Reaction of Pentafulvene Titanium and Zirconium Complexes with Phosphorus Ylides: Stoichiometric Reactions and Catalytic Intramolecular Proton Shuttles. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Oswald
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Malte Fischer
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Niclas Struckmann
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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30
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Taakili R, Lepetit C, Duhayon C, Valyaev DA, Lugan N, Canac Y. Palladium(ii) pincer complexes of a C,C,C-NHC, diphosphonium bis(ylide) ligand. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:1709-1721. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04316g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The preparation, characterization, and reactivity of Pd(ii) complexes of the C,C,C-NHC, diphosphonium bis(ylide) pincer ligand of LX2-type are here described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS
- Toulouse
- France
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS
- Toulouse
- France
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31
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Sabounchei SJ, Badpa K, Bayat M, Karamian R, Ghasemlou F, Gable RW, Gohari Derakhshandeh P, Van Hecke K. Spectral, crystallographic, theoretical and antibacterial studies of palladium(II)/platinum(II) complexes with unsymmetric diphosphine ylides. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khadijeh Badpa
- Faculty of Chemistry; Bu-Ali Sina University; Hamedan 65174 Iran
| | - Mehdi Bayat
- Faculty of Chemistry; Bu-Ali Sina University; Hamedan 65174 Iran
| | - Roya Karamian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science; Bu-Ali Sina University; PO Box 65175/4161 Hamedan Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghasemlou
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science; Bu-Ali Sina University; PO Box 65175/4161 Hamedan Iran
| | - Robert W. Gable
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Parviz Gohari Derakhshandeh
- XStruct, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281-S3 B-9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281-S3 B-9000 Ghent Belgium
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32
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Johnson A, Marzo I, Gimeno MC. Ylide Ligands as Building Blocks for Bioactive Group 11 Metal Complexes. Chemistry 2018; 24:11693-11702. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Johnson
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología CelularUniversidad de Zaragoza-CSIC 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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Synthesis and reactivity of [M(η3-allyl)(η2-amidinato)(CO)2(phosphonium ylide)] (M = Mo, W): Investigation of the ligand properties of phosphonium ylides. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Turek J, Braïda B, De Proft F. Bonding in Heavier Group 14 Zero-Valent Complexes-A Combined Maximum Probability Domain and Valence Bond Theory Approach. Chemistry 2017; 23:14604-14613. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Turek
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Member of the QCMM VUB-UGent Alliance Research Group; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Benoît Braïda
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR 7616, LCT F-75005; 4 place Jussieu 75252 Paris France
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Member of the QCMM VUB-UGent Alliance Research Group; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
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Kornev AN, Galperin VE, Panova YS, Sushev VV, Arapova AV, Fukin GK, Baranov EV, Abakumov GA. Reaction of benzylidenetriphenylphosphorane with 1,4-dichloro-3а,6а-diaza-1,4-diphosphapentalene. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-017-1935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Oswald T, Gelert T, Lasar C, Schmidtmann M, Klüner T, Beckhaus R. Formation of Binuclear Zigzag Hexapentaene Titanium Complexes via a Titanacumulene [Ti=C=C=CH2
] Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12297-12301. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Oswald
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Tina Gelert
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Christian Lasar
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Thorsten Klüner
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
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Oswald T, Gelert T, Lasar C, Schmidtmann M, Klüner T, Beckhaus R. Formation of Binuclear Zigzag Hexapentaene Titanium Complexes via a Titanacumulene [Ti=C=C=CH2
] Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Oswald
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Tina Gelert
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Christian Lasar
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Thorsten Klüner
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Institut für Chemie; Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg; Postfach 2503 26111 Oldenburg Germany
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Scharf LT, Gessner VH. Metalated Ylides: A New Class of Strong Donor Ligands with Unique Electronic Properties. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8599-8607. [PMID: 28240888 PMCID: PMC5549244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development and design of new ligand systems with special donor properties has been essential for crucial advances made in main-group-element and transition-metal chemistry over the years. This Forum Article focuses on metalated ylides as novel ligand systems. These anionic congeners of bisylides possess likewise two lone pairs of electrons at the central carbon atom and can thus function as X,L-type ligands with strong donor abilities. This article highlights recent efforts in the isolation and application of metalated ylides with a focus on work from this laboratory. We summarize structural and electronic properties and their use in organic synthesis as well as main-group-element and transition-metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart T. Scharf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Barthes C, Bijani C, Lugan N, Canac Y. A Palladium(II) Complex of a C4 Chelating Bis(NHC) Diphosphonium Bis(ylide) Ligand. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Barthes
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Christian Bijani
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Georgiou DC, Mahmood I, Haghighatbin MA, Hogan CF, Dutton JL. The final fate of NHC stabilized dicarbon. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this paper we report the outcome of the reduction of NHC stabilized acetylenic dications, [NHC-Cn-NHC]2+ for n=2 and 4. The target compounds were NHC stabilized di- and tetracarbon in the form of NHC-Cn-NHC. However, upon chemical reduction, decomposition ensues with release of the free NHC. This effect is also observed in electrochemical studies. This lends credence to Bestman’s hypothesis that two donor ligands cannot stabilize Cn for n=even numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayne C. Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Ismael Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Mohammad A. Haghighatbin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Conor F. Hogan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Jason L. Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
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Scharf LT, Andrada DM, Frenking G, Gessner VH. The Bonding Situation in Metalated Ylides. Chemistry 2017; 23:4422-4434. [PMID: 28121371 PMCID: PMC5396261 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations have been carried out to study the electronic structure of metalated ylides particularly in comparison to their neutral analogues, the bisylides. A series of compounds of the general composition Ph3 P-C-L with L being either a neutral or an anionic ligand were analyzed and the impact of the nature of the substituent L and the total charge on the electronics and bonding situation was studied. The charge at the carbon atom as well as the dissociation energies, bond lengths, and Wiberg bond indices strongly depend on the nature of L. Here, not only the charge of the ligand but also the position of the charge within the ligand backbone plays an important role. Independent of the substitution pattern, the NBO analysis reveals the preference of unsymmetrical bonding situations (P=C-L or P-C=L) for almost all compounds. However, Lewis structures with two lone-pair orbitals at the central carbon atom are equally valid for the description of the bonding situation. This is confirmed by the pronounced lone-pair character of the frontier orbitals. Energy decomposition analysis mostly reveals the preference of several bonding situations, mostly with dative and ylidic electron-sharing bonds (e.g., P→C- -L). In general, the anionic systems show a higher preference of the ylidic bonding situations compared to the neutral analogues. However, in most of the cases different resonance structures have to be considered for the description of the "real" bonding situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart T. Scharf
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie IIRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse35032MarburgGermany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse35032MarburgGermany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie IIRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
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43
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Olefin Metathesis with Ru-Based Catalysts Exchanging the Typical N-Heterocyclic Carbenes by a Phosphine–Phosphonium Ylide. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Morosaki T, Fujii T. Recent Advances in Heteroatom-Stabilized Carbones and Their Metal Complexes. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Bayat M, Sedghi A, Ebrahimkhani L, Sabounchei SJ. N-Heterocyclic carbene or phosphorus ylide: which one forms a stronger bond with group 11 metals? A theoretical study. Dalton Trans 2016; 46:207-220. [PMID: 27924996 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03814j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene and phosphorus ylides are inorganic and organometallic ligands, and their coordination chemistry with transition elements, particularly group 11 metals, would be noticeable. This study seeks to characterize the structure and nature of the C→M bond of group 11 metals (M = Cu(i), Ag(i), Au(i)) in coordination with different monodentate phosphorus ylides {P(Ph)3CHR} and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC(R)) (where R = F, Cl, Br, CF3, CH3, H, C(CH3)3, Si(CH3)3, SiH3, Ph). In this regard, DFT calculations with the PBE/def2-TZVP level of theory were applied. The results show that the M←C bond interaction energies (ΔEint) related to [NHC(R) → MR'] and [{P(Ph)3CHR} → MCl] complexes (M = Cu(i), Ag(i), Au(i); R = F, Cl, Br, CF3, H, CH3, C(CH3)3, Si(CH3)3, SiH3, Ph; R' = Cl, OAc) are substantial and conform to the well-known V-shaped trend for the transition metals of the first, second, and third row in the following order: Ag(i) < Cu(i) < Au(i). The nature of the C→M bond in the complexes was analyzed using NBO, AIM, EDA, and ETS-NOCV. The nature of the C→M bond interactions in [NHC(R) → MR'] and [{P(Ph)3CHR} → MCl] complexes studied here is largely electrostatic, and this feature accounts for about 65%-74% of the total interaction energy. Furthermore, it is found that in the presence of electron-donating substituents, the group 11 metals form stronger bonds with NHC(R) rather than monodentate phosphorus ylides. Comparison of the EDA-NOCV results for the M←C bond with the same M atom and R substituent in [NHC(R) → MR'] and [{P(Ph)3CHR} → MCl] indicates that the monodentate phosphorus ylide ligands studied here ({P(Ph)3CHR}) are slightly better σ-donors and weaker π-acceptors than the corresponding NHC(R) ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bayat
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Asieh Sedghi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
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Canac Y, Lepetit C. Classification of the Electronic Properties of Chelating Ligands in cis-[LL′Rh(CO)2] Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 56:667-675. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Canac
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie
de Coordination), 205, route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex
4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Christine Lepetit
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie
de Coordination), 205, route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex
4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Nonnenmacher M, Buck DM, Kunz D. Experimental and theoretical investigations on the high-electron donor character of pyrido-annelated N-heterocyclic carbenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1884-1896. [PMID: 27829895 PMCID: PMC5082490 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rh(CO)2Cl(NHC) complexes of dipyrido-annelated N-heterocyclic carbenes were prepared. From the C–H coupling constant of the respective imidazolium salts and the N–C–N angle of the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), a weaker σ-donor character than that of typical unsaturated NHCs is expected. However, the IR stretching frequencies of their Rh(CO)2Cl complexes suggest an electron-donor character even stronger than that of saturated NHCs. We ascribe this to the extremely weak π-acceptor character of the dipyrido-annelated NHCs caused by the conjugated 14 πe− system that thus allows for an enhanced Rh–CO backbonding. This extremely low π-acceptor ability is also corroborated by the 77Se NMR chemical shift of −55.8 ppm for the respective selenourea, the lowest value ever measured for imidazole derived selenoureas. DFT-calculations of the free carbene confirm the low σ-donor character by the fact that the σ-orbital of the carbene is the HOMO−1 that lies 0.58 eV below the HOMO which is located at the π-system. Natural population analysis reveals the lowest occupation of the pπ-orbital for the saturated carbene carbon atom and the highest for the pyrido-annelated carbene. Going from the free carbene to the Rh(CO)2Cl(NHC) complexes, the increase in occupancy of the complete π-system of the carbene ligand upon coordination is lowest for the pyrido-annelated carbene and highest for the saturated carbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nonnenmacher
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 250, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik M Buck
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany (current address of corresponding author)
| | - Doris Kunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 250, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany (current address of corresponding author)
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Leung W, Chan Y, Choi T, Lee H. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Mono‐ and Bimetallic Rhodium(I), Iridium(I) and Gold(I) Methanide and Methandiide Complexes from 2‐Quinolyl‐Linked (Thiophosphoranyl)methane. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wing‐Por Leung
- School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Yuk‐Chi Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637731 Singapore
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Tsz‐Hei Choi
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Hung‐Kay Lee
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong P. R. China
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Frenking G, Hermann M, Andrada DM, Holzmann N. Donor–acceptor bonding in novel low-coordinated compounds of boron and group-14 atoms C–Sn. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1129-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00815h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Donor–acceptor complexes of one, two or three atoms E = B, Si–Sn which are stabilized by σ-donor ligands L are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- Hans-Meerwein-Strasse
- D-35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Markus Hermann
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- Hans-Meerwein-Strasse
- D-35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- Hans-Meerwein-Strasse
- D-35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Nicole Holzmann
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- Hans-Meerwein-Strasse
- D-35032 Marburg
- Germany
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