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Boronski JT, Seed JA, Wooles AJ, Liddle ST. Fragmentation, catenation, and direct functionalisation of white phosphorus by a uranium(IV)-silyl-phosphino-carbene complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5090-5093. [PMID: 33899851 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01741a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Room temperature reaction of the uranium(iv)-carbene [U{C(SiMe3)(PPh2)}(BIPMTMS)(μ-Cl)Li(TMEDA)(μ-TMEDA)0.5]2 (1, BIPMTMS = C(PPh2NSiMe3)2) with white phosphorus (P4) produces the organo-P5 compound [P5{C(SiMe3)(PPh2)}2][Li(TMEDA)2] (2) and the uranium(iv)-methanediide [U{BIPMTMS}{Cl}{μ-Cl}2{Li(TMEDA)}] (3). This is an unprecedented example of cooperative metal-carbene P4 activation/insertion into a metal-carbon double bond and also an actinide complex reacting with P4 to directly form an organophosphorus species. Conducting the reaction at low temperature permits the isolation of the diuranium(iv) complex [{U(BIPMTMS)([μ-η2:η2-P2]C[SiMe3][PPh2])}2] (4), which then converts to 2 and 3. Thus, surprisingly, in contrast to all other actinide P4 reactivity, although this reaction produces catenation overall it proceeds via P4 cleavage to functionalised P2 units. Hence, this work establishes a proof of concept synthetic cycle for direct fragmentation, catenation, and functionalisation of P4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef T Boronski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - John A Seed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Hoidn CM, Scott DJ, Wolf R. Transition-Metal-Mediated Functionalization of White Phosphorus. Chemistry 2021; 27:1886-1902. [PMID: 33135828 PMCID: PMC7894350 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently there has been great interest in the reactivity of transition-metal (TM) centers towards white phosphorus (P4 ). This has ultimately been motivated by a desire to find TM-mediated alternatives to the current industrial routes used to transform P4 into myriad useful P-containing products, which are typically indirect, wasteful, and highly hazardous. Such a TM-mediated process can be divided into two steps: activation of P4 to generate a polyphosphorus complex TM-Pn , and subsequent functionalization of this complex to release the desired phosphorus-containing product. The former step has by now become well established, allowing the isolation of many different TM-Pn products. In contrast, productive functionalization of these complexes has proven extremely challenging and has been achieved only in a relative handful of cases. In this review we provide a comprehensive summary of successful TM-Pn functionalization reactions, where TM-Pn must be accessible by reaction of a TM precursor with P4 . We hope that this will provide a useful resource for continuing efforts that are working towards this highly challenging goal of modern synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M. Hoidn
- University of RegensburgInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Daniel J. Scott
- University of RegensburgInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of RegensburgInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry93040RegensburgGermany
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Wang Y, Szilvási T, Yao S, Driess M. A bis(silylene)-stabilized diphosphorus compound and its reactivity as a monophosphorus anion transfer reagent. Nat Chem 2020; 12:801-807. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rottschäfer D, Blomeyer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. Direct functionalization of white phosphorus with anionic dicarbenes and mesoionic carbenes: facile access to 1,2,3-triphosphol-2-ides. Chem Sci 2019; 10:11078-11085. [PMID: 32206256 PMCID: PMC7069227 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04441h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of unique C2P3-ring compounds [(ADCAr)P3] (4) are readily accessible in an almost quantitative yield by the direct functionalization of white phosphorus (P4) with appropriate anionic dicarbenes [Li(ADCAr)].
A series of unique C2P3-ring compounds [(ADCAr)P3] (ADCAr = ArC{(DippN)C}2; Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3; Ar = Ph 4a, 3-MeC6H44b, 4-MeC6H44c, and 4-Me2NC6H44d) are readily accessible in an almost quantitative yield by the direct functionalization of white phosphorus (P4) with appropriate anionic dicarbenes [Li(ADCAr)]. The formation of 1,2,3-triphosphol-2-ides (4a–4d) suggests unprecedented [3 + 1] fragmentation of P4 into P3+ and P–. The P3+ cation is trapped by the (ADCAr)– to give 4, while the putative P– anion reacts with additional P4 to yield the Li3P7 species, a useful reagent in the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds. Remarkably, the P4 fragmentation is also viable with the related mesoionic carbenes (iMICsAr) (iMICAr = ArC{(DippN)2CCH}, i stands for imidazole-based) giving rise to 4. DFT calculations reveal that both the C3N2 and C2P3-rings of 4 are 6π-electron aromatic systems. The natural bonding orbital (NBO) analyses indicate that compounds 4 are mesoionic species featuring a negatively polarized C2P3-ring. The HOMO–3 of 4 is mainly the lone-pair at the central phosphorus atom that undergoes σ-bond formation with a variety of metal-electrophiles to yield complexes [{(ADCAr)P3}M(CO)n] (M = Fe, n = 4, Ar = Ph 5a or 4-Me-C6H45b; M = Mo, n = 5, Ar = Ph 6; M = W, n = 5, Ar = 4-Me2NC6H47).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis , Inorganic and Structural Chemistry , Center for Molecular Materials , Faculty of Chemistry , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstr. 25 , Bielefeld , D-33615 , Germany . ; https://www.ghadwalgroup.de
| | - Sebastian Blomeyer
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis , Inorganic and Structural Chemistry , Center for Molecular Materials , Faculty of Chemistry , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstr. 25 , Bielefeld , D-33615 , Germany . ; https://www.ghadwalgroup.de
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis , Inorganic and Structural Chemistry , Center for Molecular Materials , Faculty of Chemistry , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstr. 25 , Bielefeld , D-33615 , Germany . ; https://www.ghadwalgroup.de
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis , Inorganic and Structural Chemistry , Center for Molecular Materials , Faculty of Chemistry , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstr. 25 , Bielefeld , D-33615 , Germany . ; https://www.ghadwalgroup.de
| | - Rajendra S Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis , Inorganic and Structural Chemistry , Center for Molecular Materials , Faculty of Chemistry , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstr. 25 , Bielefeld , D-33615 , Germany . ; https://www.ghadwalgroup.de
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Bispinghoff M, Benkő Z, Grützmacher H, Calvo FD, Caporali M, Peruzzini M. Ruthenium mediated halogenation of white phosphorus: synthesis and reactivity of the unprecedented P 4Cl 2 moiety. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:3593-3600. [PMID: 30444502 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01840e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The transition metal mediated functionalization of P4 is an approach to develop a more sustainable production of organophosphorus compounds. In this paper a ruthenium complex is presented, in which the P4 unit can be selectively converted into new P4R2 molecules in a two-step synthesis. The unsaturated 16 electron species [RuX(Cp*)(PCy3)] (Cp* = C5Me5, X = Cl, Br) reacts with a half equivalent of P4 affording a bimetallic complex bearing a planar P4X2 moiety as a ligand. The latter eliminates chloride anions under reduction with magnesium. In this process the butadiene-like P4Cl2 ligand is converted into two weakly bound P2 units which bridge the ruthenium centers. In the presence of n-BuLi, the P4Cl2 unit can be selectively alkylated, yielding the planar organophosphorus ligand P4nBu2. A detailed analysis of the electronic properties and solid state structures of the compounds combined with DFT calculations and AIM analyses demonstrate that the P4 unit in all complexes acts as an electronically highly flexible, non-innocent ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bispinghoff
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Beaumier EP, Pearce AJ, See XY, Tonks IA. Modern applications of low-valent early transition metals in synthesis and catalysis. Nat Rev Chem 2019; 3:15-34. [PMID: 30989127 PMCID: PMC6462221 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Low-valent early transition metals are often intrinsically highly reactive as a result of their strong propensity toward oxidation to more stable high-valent states. Harnessing these highly reducing complexes for productive reactivity is potentially powerful for C-C bond construction, organic reductions, small-molecule activation and many other reactions that offer orthogonal chemoselectivity and/or regioselectivity patterns to processes promoted by late transition metals. Recent years have seen many exciting new applications of low-valent metals through building new catalytic and/or multicomponent reaction manifolds out of classical reactivity patterns. In this Review, we survey new methods that employ early transition metals and invoke low-valent precursors or intermediates in order to identify common themes and strategies in synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P. Beaumier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Adam J. Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xin Yi See
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ian A. Tonks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Caporali M, Calvo FD, Bazzicalupi C, Seniori Costantini S, Peruzzini M. Influence of highly basic phosphine ligand on the reactivity and hydrolysis of P 4 and P 4 S 3 supported by ruthenium fragments. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Borger JE, Ehlers AW, Slootweg JC, Lammertsma K. Functionalization of P 4 through Direct P-C Bond Formation. Chemistry 2017; 23:11738-11746. [PMID: 28497639 PMCID: PMC5655700 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Research on chlorine-free conversions of P4 into organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) has a long track record, but methods that allow desirable, direct P-C bond formations have only recently emerged. These include the use of metal organyls, carbenes, carboradicals, and photochemical approaches. The versatile product scope enables the preparation of both industrially relevant organophosphorus compounds, as well as a broad range of intriguing new compound classes. Herein we provide a concise overview of recent breakthroughs and outline the acquired fundamental insights to aid future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap E. Borger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Andreas W. Ehlers
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland ParkJohannesburg2006South Africa
- Current address: Van “t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - J. Chris Slootweg
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Current address: Van “t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Koop Lammertsma
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland ParkJohannesburg2006South Africa
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Borger JE, Ehlers AW, Lutz M, Slootweg JC, Lammertsma K. Selective [3+1] Fragmentations of P 4 by "P" Transfer from a Lewis Acid Stabilized [RP 4 ] - Butterfly Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:285-290. [PMID: 27900815 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two [3+1] fragmentations of the Lewis acid stabilized bicyclo[1.1.0]tetraphosphabutanide Li[Mes*P4 ⋅ BPh3 ] (Mes*=2,4,6-tBu3 C6 H2 ) are reported. The reactions proceed by extrusion of a P1 fragment, induced by either an imidazolium salt or phenylisocyanate, with release of the transient triphosphirene Mes*P3 , which was isolated as a dimer and trapped by 1,3-cyclohexadiene as a Diels-Alder adduct. DFT quantum chemical computations were used to delineate the reaction mechanisms. These unprecedented pathways grant access to both P1 - and P3 -containing organophosphorus compounds in two simple steps from white phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap E Borger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas W Ehlers
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.,Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Chris Slootweg
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koop Lammertsma
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
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Borger JE, Ehlers AW, Lutz M, Slootweg JC, Lammertsma K. Selective [3+1] Fragmentations of P
4
by “P” Transfer from a Lewis Acid Stabilized [RP
4
]
−
Butterfly Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaap E. Borger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Andreas W. Ehlers
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry University of Johannesburg Auckland Park Johannesburg 2006 South Africa
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research Utrecht University Padualaan 8 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - J. Chris Slootweg
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Koop Lammertsma
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry University of Johannesburg Auckland Park Johannesburg 2006 South Africa
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Morello GR, Cundari TR. Density Functional Study of Oxygen Insertion into Niobium–Phosphorus Bonds: Novel Mechanism for Liberating P3– Synthons. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn R. Morello
- Centre
for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC) and Department
of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling
(CASCaM), University of North Texas, P.O. Box 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5070, United States
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Nizovtsev AS, Ivanov AS, Boldyrev AI, Konchenko SN. Li4E8(E = P, As, Sb, Bi) Clusters: The Quest for Realgar-Type [E8]4-Zintl Anions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Arrowsmith M, Hill MS, Johnson AL, Kociok-Köhn G, Mahon MF. Attenuated Organomagnesium Activation of White Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7882-5. [PMID: 26014162 PMCID: PMC4648029 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sequential reactions between a 2,6-diisopropylphenyl-substituted β-diketiminato magnesium n-butyl derivative and P4 allow the highly discriminating synthesis of unusual [nBu2P4]2− and [nBu2P8]2− cluster dianions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Arrowsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK)
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK).
| | - Andrew L Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK)
| | | | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK)
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Arrowsmith M, Hill MS, Johnson AL, Kociok-Köhn G, Mahon MF. Attenuated Organomagnesium Activation of White Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Dube JW, Graham CME, Macdonald CLB, Brown ZD, Power PP, Ragogna PJ. Reversible, Photoinduced Activation of P4by Low-Coordinate Main Group Compounds. Chemistry 2014; 20:6739-44. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Dorsey CL, Squires BM, Hudnall TW. Isolation of a Neutral P8Cluster by [2+2] Cycloaddition of a Diphosphene Facilitated by Carbene Activation of White Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4462-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dorsey CL, Squires BM, Hudnall TW. Isolation of a Neutral P8Cluster by [2+2] Cycloaddition of a Diphosphene Facilitated by Carbene Activation of White Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Vogel U, Eberl M, Eckhardt M, Seitz A, Rummel EM, Timoshkin AY, Peresypkina EV, Scheer M. Der Zugang zu Phosphor-reichen Zirconiumkomplexen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Vogel U, Eberl M, Eckhardt M, Seitz A, Rummel EM, Timoshkin AY, Peresypkina EV, Scheer M. Access to Phosphorus-Rich Zirconium Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8982-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Martin D, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Stable singlet carbenes as mimics for transition metal centers. Chem Sci 2011; 2:389-399. [PMID: 21743834 PMCID: PMC3129870 DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00388c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective summarizes recent results, which demonstrate that stable carbenes can activate small molecules (CO, H(2), NH(3) and P(4)) and stabilize highly reactive intermediates (main group elements in the zero oxidation state and paramagnetic species). These two tasks were previously exclusive for transition metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martin
- UCR-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 2957), Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521-0403, USA; Tel: +1 951 827 2719
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Walter MD, Grunenberg J, White PS. Reactivity studies on [Cp′FeI]2: From iron hydrides to P4-activation. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00413a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Szilvási T, Veszprémi T. On the mechanism of the reaction of white phosphorus with silylenes. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:7193-200. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01685c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cossairt BM, Piro NA, Cummins CC. Early-transition-metal-mediated activation and transformation of white phosphorus. Chem Rev 2010; 110:4164-77. [PMID: 20175534 DOI: 10.1021/cr9003709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Demange M, Le Goff XF, Le Floch P, Mézailles N. P4 Activation with Pt0 Metal Centers: Selective Formation of a Dinuclear {Pt2(μ,η2:2-P2)} Complex. Chemistry 2010; 16:12064-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Damrauer R. Interactions of Tetrahedrane and Tetrasilatetrahedrane with CH2and SiH2: A Computational Study. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100193f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Damrauer
- Chemistry Department, Denver Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Box 194, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364
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Aktaş H, Slootweg J, Lammertsma K. Nucleophilic Phosphinidene Complexes: Access and Applicability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:2102-13. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Aktaş H, Slootweg J, Lammertsma K. Nucleophile Phosphinidenkomplexe: Synthese und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200905689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yao S, Xiong Y, Milsmann C, Bill E, Pfirrmann S, Limberg C, Driess M. Reversible P(4) activation with nickel(I) and an eta(3)-coordinated tetraphosphorus ligand between two Ni(I) centers. Chemistry 2010; 16:436-9. [PMID: 19937871 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenglai Yao
- Institute of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Sekr. C2, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Cossairt B, Cummins C. Shuttling P3 from Niobium to Rhodium: The Synthesis and Use of Ph3SnP3(C6H8) as a P3− Synthon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:1595-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cossairt B, Cummins C. Shuttling P3 from Niobium to Rhodium: The Synthesis and Use of Ph3SnP3(C6H8) as a P3− Synthon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Back O, Kuchenbeiser G, Donnadieu B, Bertrand G. Nonmetal-mediated fragmentation of P4: isolation of P1 and P2 bis(carbene) adducts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:5530-3. [PMID: 19544519 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Back
- UCR-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 2957), Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0403, USA
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Piro NA, Cummins CC. An unusual P-P double bond formed via phospha-Wittig transformation of a terminal PO complex. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8764-5. [PMID: 19505095 DOI: 10.1021/ja903860k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The terminal phosphorus monoxide complex (OP)Mo(N[(t)Bu]Ar)(3), 1 (Ar = 3,5-Me(2)C(6)H(3)), undergoes an O-for-PSiR(3) metathesis reaction with the niobium phosphinidene complex (i)Pr(3)SiPNb(N[CH(2)(t)Bu]Ar)(3), 2, to generate the oxoniobium complex ONb(N[CH(2)(t)Bu]Ar)(3), 3, and the diphosphenido complex (i)Pr(3)SiPPMo(N[(t)Bu]Ar)(3), 4. The structure of 4, as determined by X-ray crystallography, contains a "singly bent" diphosphenido moiety, suggesting that the diphosphenido ligand serves as a 3e(-) donor to a formally d(2) metal center. This bonding characterization was supported by DFT calculations and is unique among known diphosphenido complexes. Diphosphenido 4 was found to react over time to produce products consistent with a bimolecular degradation pathway where the terminal phosphide complex PMo(N[(t)Bu]Ar)(3), 5, serves as a stable leaving group. Mixtures of 4 and PPh(3) were observed to set up an equilibrium (K(eq) = 0.7) between 4, PPh(3), and the products of phosphinidene transfer, 5 and (i)Pr(3)SiP=PPh(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Piro
- Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 6-435, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Back O, Kuchenbeiser G, Donnadieu B, Bertrand G. Nonmetal-Mediated Fragmentation of P4: Isolation of P1and P2Bis(carbene) Adducts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Piro N, Cummins C. Tetraphosphabenzenes Obtained via a Triphosphacyclobutadiene Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200804432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Piro N, Cummins C. Tetraphosphabenzenes Obtained via a Triphosphacyclobutadiene Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:934-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200804432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hulley EB, Wolczanski PT, Lobkovsky EB. [(silox)3M]2(μ:η1,η1-P2) (M = Nb, Ta) and [(silox)3Nb]2{μ:η2,η2-(cP3–cP3)} from (silox)3M (M = NbPMe3, Ta) and P4 (silox = tBu3SiO). Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:6412-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b911275h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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