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Jiao Q, Guo Z, Zheng M, Lin W, Liao Y, Yan W, Liu T, Xu C. Anion-Bridged Dual Hydrogen Bond Enabled Concerted Addition of Phenol to Glycal. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308513. [PMID: 38225720 PMCID: PMC10953558 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
A noncovalent organocatalytic concerted addition of phenol to glycal is developed for the stereoselective and regioselective construction of biologically important phenolic 2-deoxyglycosides, featuring wide substrate tolerance. The method relies on an anion-bridged dual hydrogen bond interaction which is experimentally proved by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Ultraviolet and visible (UV-vis), and fluorescence analysis. Experimental evidence including kinetic analysis, Kinetic Isotope Effect (KIE) studies, linear free energy relationship, Hammett plot, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations is provided for a concerted mechanism where a high-energy oxocarbenium ion is not formed. In addition, the potential utility of this method is further demonstrated by the synthesis of biologically active glycosylated flavones. The benchmarking studies demonstrate significant advances in this newly developed method compared to previous approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbo Jiao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Zhenbo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityWeijin Road No. 94Tianjin300071China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| | - Mingwen Zheng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Wentao Lin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Yujie Liao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Weitao Yan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Tianfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityWeijin Road No. 94Tianjin300071China
| | - Chunfa Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
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2
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Desai SP, Yatzoglou G, Turner JA, Taylor MS. Boronic Acid-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective N-Glycosylations of Purines and Other Azole Heterocycles: Access to Nucleoside Analogues. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4973-4984. [PMID: 38330907 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In the presence of an arylboronic acid catalyst, azole-type heterocycles, including purines, tetrazoles, triazoles, indazoles, and benzo-fused congeners, undergo regio- and stereoselective N-glycosylations with furanosyl and pyranosyl trichloroacetimidate donors. The protocol, which does not require stoichiometric activators, specialized leaving groups, or drying agents, provides access to nucleoside analogues and enables late-stage N-glycosylation of azole-containing pharmaceutical agents. A mechanism involving simultaneous activation of the glycosyl donor and acceptor by the organoboron catalyst has been proposed, supported by kinetic analysis and computational modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey P Desai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Giorgos Yatzoglou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Julia A Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark S Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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3
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The Lipophilic Purine Nucleoside-Tdp1 Inhibitor-Enhances DNA Damage Induced by Topotecan In Vitro and Potentiates the Antitumor Effect of Topotecan In Vivo. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010323. [PMID: 36615517 PMCID: PMC9822400 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of cancer chemotherapy sensitizers is a promising approach to induce the effect of clinically used anticancer treatments. One of the interesting targets is Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1), a DNA-repair enzyme, that may prevent the action of clinical Topoisomerase 1 (Top1) inhibitors, such as topotecan (Tpc). Tdp1 eliminates covalent Top1-DNA (Top1c) complexes that appear under the action of topotecan and determines the cytotoxic effect of this drug. We hypothesize that Tdp1 inhibition would sensitize cells towards the effect of Tpc. Herein, we report the synthesis and study of lipophilic derivatives of purine nucleosides that efficiently suppress Tdp1 activity, with IC50 values in the 0.3-22.0 μM range. We also showed that this compound class can enhance DNA damage induced by topotecan in vitro by Comet assay on human cell lines HeLa and potentiate the antitumor effect of topotecan in vivo on a mice ascitic Krebs-2 carcinoma model. Thereby, this type of compound may be useful to develop drugs, that sensitize the effect of topotecan and reduce the required dose and, as a result, side effects.
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4
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Liu R, Chen Y, Zheng J, Zhang L, Xu T, Xu P, Yang Y. Synthesis of Nucleosides and Deoxynucleosides via Gold(I)-Catalyzed N-Glycosylation of Glycosyl ( Z)-Ynenoates. Org Lett 2022; 24:9479-9484. [PMID: 36524759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues are widely used as anticancer and antiviral drugs. Here, we develop a highly efficient gold(I)-catalyzed N-glycosylation approach for versatile synthesis of various types of nucleosides and deoxynucleosides with glycosyl (Z)-ynenoates as donors. The wide scope of the N-glycosylation approach was demonstrated by the synthesis of 31 pyrimidine nucleosides and 8 purine nucleosides. Remarkably, the gold(I)-catalyzed N-glycosylation of pyranosyl (Z)-ynenoates with purines was found to be very effective for regioselective synthesis of pyranosyl N9 purine nucleosides. Based on the catalytic N-glycosylation approach, convenient synthesis of two 5'-deoxynucleosides drugs (capecitabine and galocitabine), four 2'-deoxynucleoside drugs (floxuridine, trifluridine, decitabine and cladribine), four 3',5'-dideoxynucleoside analogues, and four 2',5'-dideoxynucleoside analogues was achieved in a collective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkun Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jibin Zheng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lvfeng Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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5
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Wang H, Zhong YY, Xiao YC, Chen FE. Chemical and chemoenzymatic stereoselective synthesis of β-nucleosides and their analogues. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01936h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
β-Nucleosides are fundamental building blocks of biological systems that are widely used as therapeutic agents for treating cancer and viral infections among others. In the last two years, nucleoside analogues...
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6
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Yalamanchili S, Nguyen T, Zsikla A, Stamper G, DeYong AE, Florek J, Vasquez O, Pohl NLB, Bennett CS. Automated, Multistep Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of 2,6‐Dideoxy and 3‐Amino‐2,3,6‐trideoxy Monosaccharide Building Blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tu‐Anh Nguyen
- Chemistry Tufts University 62 Talbot Ave Medford MA 02145 USA
| | | | - Gavin Stamper
- Chemistry Indiana University 800 E Kirkwood Ave Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Ashley E. DeYong
- Chemistry Indiana University 800 E Kirkwood Ave Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - John Florek
- Chemistry Tufts University 62 Talbot Ave Medford MA 02145 USA
| | - Olivea Vasquez
- Chemistry Tufts University 62 Talbot Ave Medford MA 02145 USA
| | - Nicola L. B. Pohl
- Chemistry Indiana University 800 E Kirkwood Ave Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Clay S. Bennett
- Chemistry Tufts University 62 Talbot Ave Medford MA 02145 USA
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7
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Yalamanchili S, Nguyen TA, Zsikla A, Stamper G, DeYong AE, Florek J, Vasquez O, Pohl NLB, Bennett CS. Automated, Multistep Continuous-Flow Synthesis of 2,6-Dideoxy and 3-Amino-2,3,6-trideoxy Monosaccharide Building Blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23171-23175. [PMID: 34463017 PMCID: PMC8511145 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An automated continuous flow system capable of producing protected deoxy-sugar donors from commercial material is described. Four 2,6-dideoxy and two 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy sugars with orthogonal protecting groups were synthesized in 11-32 % overall yields in 74-131.5 minutes of total reaction time. Several of the reactions were able to be concatenated into a continuous process, avoiding the need for chromatographic purification of intermediates. The modular nature of the experimental setup allowed for reaction streams to be split into different lines for the parallel synthesis of multiple donors. Further, the continuous flow processes were fully automated and described through the design of an open-source Python-controlled automation platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tu-Anh Nguyen
- Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave, Medford, MA 02145
| | | | - Gavin Stamper
- Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405
| | - Ashley E. DeYong
- Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405
| | - John Florek
- Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave, Medford, MA 02145
| | - Olivea Vasquez
- Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave, Medford, MA 02145
| | - Nicola L. B. Pohl
- Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405
| | - Clay S. Bennett
- Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave, Medford, MA 02145
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8
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Martina K, Cravotto G, Varma RS. Impact of Microwaves on Organic Synthesis and Strategies toward Flow Processes and Scaling Up. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13857-13872. [PMID: 34125541 PMCID: PMC8524417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted organic synthesis has been widely studied and deliberated, opening up some controversial issues as well. Nowadays, microwave chemistry is a mature technology that has been well demonstrated in many cases with numerous advantages in terms of the reaction rate and yield. The strategies toward scaling up find an ally in continuous-flow reactor technology comparing dielectric and conductive heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Martina
- Dipartimento
di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco and Centre for Nanostructured
Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS), University of Turin, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento
di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco and Centre for Nanostructured
Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS), University of Turin, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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9
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Konishi N, Shirahata T, Yoshida Y, Sato N, Kaji E, Kobayashi Y. Efficient synthesis of diverse C-3 monodesmosidic saponins by a continuous microfluidic glycosylation/batch deprotection method. Carbohydr Res 2021; 510:108437. [PMID: 34597978 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Triterpene and steroid saponins have various pharmacological activities but the synthesis of C-3 monodesmosidic saponins remains challenging. Herein, a series of C-3 glycosyl monodesmosidic saponins was synthesized via the microfluidic glycosylation of triterpenoids or steroids at the C-3 position, without the formation of orthoester byproducts, and subsequent deprotection of the benzoyl (Bz) group. This microfluidic glycosylation/batch deprotection sequence enabled the efficient synthesis of C-3 saponins with fewer purification steps and a shorter reaction time than conventional batch synthesis and stepwise microfluidic glycosylation. Furthermore, this system minimized the consumption of the imidate donor. Using this reaction system, 18 different C-3 saponins and 13 different C-28-benzyl-C-3 saponins, including 8 new compounds, were synthesized from various sugars and triterpenes or steroids. Our synthetic approach is expected to be suitable for further expanding the C-3 saponin library for pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruki Konishi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shirahata
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kaji
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kobayashi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
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10
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Liu R, Hua Q, Lou Q, Wang J, Li X, Ma Z, Yang Y. NIS/TMSOTf-Promoted Glycosidation of Glycosyl ortho-Hexynylbenzoates for Versatile Synthesis of O-Glycosides and Nucleosides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4763-4778. [PMID: 33689328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycosidation plays a pivotal role in the synthesis of O-glycosides and nucleosides that mediate a diverse range of biological processes. However, efficient glycosidation approach for the synthesis of both O-glycosides and nucleosides remains challenging in terms of glycosidation yields, mild reaction conditions, readily available glycosyl donors, and cheap promoters. Here, we report a versatile N-iodosuccinimide/trimethylsilyl triflate (NIS/TMSOTf)-promoted glycosidation approach with glycosyl ortho-hexynylbenzoates as donors for the highly efficient synthesis of O-glycosides and nucleosides. The glycosidation approach highlights the merits of mild reaction conditions, cheap promoters, extremely wide substrate scope, and good to excellent yields. Notably, the glycosidation approach performs very well in the construction of a series of challenging O- and N-glycosidic linkages. The glycosidation approach is then applied to the efficient synthesis of oligosaccharides via the one-pot strategy and the stepwise strategy. On the basis of the isolation and characterization of the departure species derived from the leaving group, a plausible mechanism of NIS/TMSOTf-promoted glycosidation of glycosyl ortho-hexynylbenzoates is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qingting Hua
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qixin Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiazhe Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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11
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He H, Xu L, Sun R, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Chen Z, Li P, Yang R, Xiao G. An orthogonal and reactivity-based one-pot glycosylation strategy for both glycan and nucleoside synthesis: access to TMG-chitotriomycin, lipochitooligosaccharides and capuramycin. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5143-5151. [PMID: 34163751 PMCID: PMC8179548 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06815b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both glycans (O-glycosides) and nucleosides (N-glycosides) play important roles in numerous biological processes. Chemical synthesis is a reliable and effective means to solve the attainability issues of these essential biomolecules. However, due to the stereo- and regiochemical issues during glycan assembly, together with problems including the poor solubility and nucleophilicity of nucleobases in nucleoside synthesis, the development of one-pot glycosylation strategies toward efficient synthesis of both glycans and nucleosides remains poor and challenging. Here, we report the first orthogonal and reactivity-based one-pot glycosylation strategy suitable for both glycan and nucleoside synthesis on the basis of glycosyl ortho-(1-phenylvinyl)benzoates. This one-pot glycosylation strategy not only inherits the advantages including no aglycon transfers, no undesired interference of departing species, and no unpleasant odors associated with the previously developed orthogonal one-pot glycosylation strategy based on glycosyl ortho-alkynylbenzoates, but also highly expands the scope (glycans and nucleosides) and increases the number of leaving groups that could be employed for the multistep one-pot synthesis (up to the formation of four different glycosidic bonds). In particular, the current one-pot glycosylation strategy is successfully applied to the total synthesis of a promising tuberculosis drug lead capuramycin and the divergent and formal synthesis of TMG-chitotriomycin with potent and specific inhibition activities toward β-N-acetylglucosaminidases and important endosymbiotic lipochitooligosaccharides including the Nod factor and the Myc factor, which represents one of the most efficient and straightforward synthetic routes toward these biologically salient molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China
| | - Lili Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China
| | - Roujing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China
| | - Yunqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China
| | - Yingying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China
| | - Zixi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China
| | - Penghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China
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12
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McKenzie LK, El-Khoury R, Thorpe JD, Damha MJ, Hollenstein M. Recent progress in non-native nucleic acid modifications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5126-5164. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01430c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While Nature harnesses RNA and DNA to store, read and write genetic information, the inherent programmability, synthetic accessibility and wide functionality of these nucleic acids make them attractive tools for use in a vast array of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke K. McKenzie
- Institut Pasteur
- Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids
- CNRS UMR3523
- 75724 Paris Cedex 15
| | | | | | | | - Marcel Hollenstein
- Institut Pasteur
- Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids
- CNRS UMR3523
- 75724 Paris Cedex 15
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13
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Dentmon ZW, Kaiser TM, Liotta DC. Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of a Series of 2'- C-Methyl-4'-thionucleoside Monophosphate Prodrugs. Molecules 2020; 25:E5165. [PMID: 33171951 PMCID: PMC7664256 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a validated target for nucleoside antiviral drug therapy. We endeavored to synthesize and test a series of 4'-thionucleosides with a monophosphate prodrug moiety for their antiviral activity against HCV and other related viruses in the Flaviviridae family. Nucleoside analogs were prepared via the stereoselective Vorbrüggen glycosylation of various nucleobases with per-acetylated 2-C-methyl-4-thio-d-ribose built in a 10-step synthetic sequence from the corresponding ribonolactone. Conjugation of the thionucleoside to a ProTide phosphoramidate allowed for evaluation of the prodrugs in the cellular HCV replicon assay with anti-HCV activities ranging from single-digit micromolar (μM) to >200 μM. The diminished anti-HCV potency of our best compound compared to its 4'-oxo congener is the subject of ongoing research in our lab and is proposed to stem from changes in sugar geometry imparted by the larger sulfur atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zackery W. Dentmon
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1521 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | | | - Dennis C. Liotta
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1521 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
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14
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Li P, He H, Xu L, Huang Y, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Yang R, Xiao G. Ortho-(1-phenylvinyl)benzyl glycosides: Ether-type glycosyl donors for the efficient synthesis of both O-glycosides and nucleosides. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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15
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Decultot L, Policarpo RL, Wright BA, Huang D, Shair MD. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of C9'- epi-Sinefungin. Org Lett 2020; 22:5594-5599. [PMID: 32628491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The natural nucleoside (+)-sinefungin, structurally similar to cofactor S-adenosyl-l-methionine, inhibits various SAM-dependent methyltransferases (MTs). Access to sinefungin analogues could serve as the basis for the rational design of small molecule methyltransferase inhibitors. We developed a route to the unnatural C9' epimer of sinefungin that employed a diastereoselective Overman rearrangement to install the key C6' amino stereocenter. The ability for late-stage modification is highlighted, opening an avenue for the discovery of new MT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Decultot
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Rocco L Policarpo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Brandon A Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Danny Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Matthew D Shair
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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16
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Yalamanchili S, Nguyen TAV, Pohl NLB, Bennett CS. Modular continuous flow synthesis of orthogonally protected 6-deoxy glucose glycals. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3254-3257. [PMID: 32293636 PMCID: PMC7289173 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00522c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, modular continuous flow process towards accessing two orthogonally protected glycals is described with the development of reaction conditions for several common protecting group additions in flow, including the addition of benzyl, naphthylmethyl and tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers. The process affords the desired target compounds in 57-74% overall yield in just 21-37 minutes of flow time. Furthermore, unlike batch conditions, the flow processes avoided the need for active cooling to prevent unwanted exotherms and required shorter reaction times.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tu-Anh V Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave, Medford, MA 02145, USA.
| | - Nicola L B Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 212 S. Hawthorne Dr, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Clay S Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave, Medford, MA 02145, USA.
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17
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Reis MH, Leibfarth FA, Pitet LM. Polymerizations in Continuous Flow: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Diverse Polymeric Materials. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:123-133. [PMID: 35638663 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The number of reports using continuous flow technology in tubular reactors to perform precision polymerizations has grown enormously in recent years. Flow polymerizations allow highly efficient preparation of polymers exhibiting well-defined molecular characteristics, and has been applied to a slew of monomers and various polymerization mechanisms, including anionic, cationic, radical, and ring-opening. Polymerization conducted in continuous flow offers several distinct advantages, including improved efficiency, reproducibility, and enhanced safety for exothermic polymerizations using highly toxic components, high pressures, and high temperatures. The further development of this technology is thus of relevance for many industrial polymerization processes. While much progress has been demonstrated in recent years, opportunities remain for increasing the compositional and architectural complexity of polymeric materials synthesized in a continuous fashion. Extending the reactor processing principles that have heretofore been focused on optimizing homopolymerization to include multisegment block copolymers, particularly from monomers that propagate via incompatible mechanisms, represents a major challenge and coveted target for continuous flow polymerization. Likewise, the spatial and temporal control of reactivity afforded by flow chemistry has and will continue to enable the production of complex polymeric architectures. This Viewpoint offers a brief background of continuous flow polymerization focused primarily on tubular (micro)reactors and includes selected examples that are relevant to these specific developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus H. Reis
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Frank A. Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Louis M. Pitet
- Advanced Polymer Functionalization Group, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
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18
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Li P, He H, Zhang Y, Yang R, Xu L, Chen Z, Huang Y, Bao L, Xiao G. Glycosyl ortho-(1-phenylvinyl)benzoates versatile glycosyl donors for highly efficient synthesis of both O-glycosides and nucleosides. Nat Commun 2020; 11:405. [PMID: 31964883 PMCID: PMC6972911 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Both of O-glycosides and nucleosides are important biomolecules with crucial rules in numerous biological processes. Chemical synthesis is an efficient and scalable method to produce well-defined and pure carbohydrate-containing molecules for deciphering their functions and developing therapeutic agents. However, the development of glycosylation methods for efficient synthesis of both O-glycosides and nucleosides is one of the long-standing challenges in chemistry. Here, we report a highly efficient and versatile glycosylation method for efficient synthesis of both O-glycosides and nucleosides, which uses glycosyl ortho-(1-phenylvinyl)benzoates as donors. This glycosylation protocol enjoys the various features, including readily prepared and stable donors, cheap and readily available promoters, mild reaction conditions, good to excellent yields, and broad substrate scopes. In particular, the applications of the current glycosylation protocol are demonstrated by one-pot synthesis of several bioactive oligosaccharides and highly efficient synthesis of nucleosides drugs capecitabine, galocitabine and doxifluridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Haiqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yunqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Lili Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zixi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Limei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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19
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Policarpo RL, Decultot L, May E, Kuzmič P, Carlson S, Huang D, Chu V, Wright BA, Dhakshinamoorthy S, Kannt A, Rani S, Dittakavi S, Panarese JD, Gaudet R, Shair MD. High-Affinity Alkynyl Bisubstrate Inhibitors of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase (NNMT). J Med Chem 2019; 62:9837-9873. [PMID: 31589440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a metabolic enzyme that methylates nicotinamide (NAM) using cofactor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). NNMT overexpression has been linked to diabetes, obesity, and various cancers. In this work, structure-based rational design led to the development of potent and selective alkynyl bisubstrate inhibitors of NNMT. The reported nicotinamide-SAM conjugate (named NS1) features an alkyne as a key design element that closely mimics the linear, 180° transition state geometry found in the NNMT-catalyzed SAM → NAM methyl transfer reaction. NS1 was synthesized in 14 steps and found to be a high-affinity, subnanomolar NNMT inhibitor. An X-ray cocrystal structure and SAR study revealed the ability of an alkynyl linker to span the methyl transfer tunnel of NNMT with ideal shape complementarity. The compounds reported in this work represent the most potent and selective NNMT inhibitors reported to date. The rational design principle described herein could potentially be extended to other methyltransferase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Petr Kuzmič
- BioKin Ltd. , Watertown , Massachusetts 02472 , United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aimo Kannt
- Sanofi Research and Development , Industriepark Hoechst, H823 , D-65926 Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Shilpa Rani
- Jubilant Biosys Ltd. , Yeshwantpur, Bangalore , 560 022 Karnataka , India
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20
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Aronow J, Stanetty C, Baxendale IR, Mihovilovic MD. Methyl glycosides via Fischer glycosylation: translation from batch microwave to continuous flow processing. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018; 150:11-19. [PMID: 30662091 PMCID: PMC6320746 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A continuous flow procedure for the synthesis of methyl glycosides (Fischer glycosylation) of various monosaccharides using a heterogenous catalyst has been developed. In-depth analysis of the isomeric composition was undertaken and high consistency with corresponding results observed under microwave heating was obtained. Even in cases where addition of water was needed to achieve homogeneity-a prerequisite for the flow experiments-no detrimental effect on the conversion was found. The scalability was demonstrated on a model case (mannose) and as part of the target-oriented synthesis of d-glycero-d-manno heptose, both performed on multigram scale. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Aronow
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Stanetty
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ian R. Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Marko D. Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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21
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Marion KC, Wooke Z, Pohl NLB. Synthesis of protected glucose derivatives from levoglucosan by development of common carbohydrate protecting group reactions under continuous flow conditions. Carbohydr Res 2018; 468:23-29. [PMID: 30121415 PMCID: PMC6615043 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Common carbohydrate protecting group reactions under continuous flow processes are reported in the context of producing partially-protected glucose building blocks from levoglucosan. Benzyl ether protection was demonstrated without the use of NaH using barium oxide, which, however, pointed to the need for forms of this catalyst not as susceptible to close packing under flow. Acylation conditions were developed under continuous flow in acetonitrile and avoiding pyridine. Ring-opening the derivatized levoglucosan with propanethiol was also demonstrated producing S-alkyl 2,4-di-O-benzyl-glucopyranoside building block in 2 rather than 12 steps in increased overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keevan C Marion
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States
| | - Zachary Wooke
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States
| | - Nicola L B Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States.
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22
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Accelerated microfluidic native chemical ligation at difficult amino acids toward cyclic peptides. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2847. [PMID: 30030439 PMCID: PMC6054628 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic peptide-based therapeutics have a promising growth forecast that justifies the development of microfluidic systems dedicated to their production, in phase with the actual transitioning toward continuous flow and microfluidic technologies for pharmaceutical production. The application of the most popular method for peptide cyclization in water, i.e., native chemical ligation, under microfluidic conditions is still unexplored. Herein, we report a general strategy for fast and efficient peptide cyclization using native chemical ligation under homogeneous microfluidic conditions. The strategy relies on a multistep sequence that concatenates the formation of highly reactive S-(2-((2-sulfanylethyl)amino)ethyl) peptidyl thioesters from stable peptide amide precursors with an intramolecular ligation step. With very fast ligation rates (<5 min), even for the most difficult junctions (including threonine, valine, isoleucine, or proline), this technology opens the door toward the scale-independent, expedient preparation of bioactive macrocyclic peptides. Flow-based peptide synthesis is a well-established method, yet difficult to combine with native chemical ligation (NCL), the go-to method for peptide cyclization. Here, the authors developed a microfluidic procedure for peptide cyclization within minutes, using NCL and an SEA alkylthioester peptide.
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23
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Tsukamoto M, Oyama KI. Recent application of acidic 1,3-azolium salts as promoters in the solution-phase synthesis of nucleosides and nucleotides. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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24
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Otake Y, Nakamura H, Fuse S. Recent advances in the integrated micro-flow synthesis containing photochemical reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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25
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Modulation of the stereoselectivity and reactivity of glycosylation via ( p -Tol) 2 SO/Tf 2 O preactivation strategy: From O -, C -sialylation to general O -, N -glycosylation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Britton J, Jamison TF. The assembly and use of continuous flow systems for chemical synthesis. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:2423-2446. [PMID: 29072707 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of and opportunities in continuous flow synthesis ('flow chemistry') have increased significantly over the past several years. Continuous flow systems provide improved reaction safety and accelerated reaction kinetics, and have synthesised several active pharmaceutical ingredients in automated reconfigurable systems. Although continuous flow platforms are commercially available, systems constructed 'in-lab' provide researchers with a flexible, versatile, and cost-effective alternative. Herein, we describe the assembly and use of a modular continuous flow apparatus from readily available and affordable parts in as little as 30 min. Once assembled, the synthesis of a sulfonamide by reacting 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride with dibenzylamine in a single reactor coil with an in-line quench is presented. This example reaction offers the opportunity to learn several important skills including reactor construction, charging of a back-pressure regulator, assembly of stainless-steel syringes, assembly of a continuous flow system with multiple junctions, and yield determination. From our extensive experience of single-step and multistep continuous flow synthesis, we also describe solutions to commonly encountered technical problems such as precipitation of solids ('clogging') and reactor failure. Following this protocol, a nonspecialist can assemble a continuous flow system from reactor coils, syringes, pumps, in-line liquid-liquid separators, drying columns, back-pressure regulators, static mixers, and packed-bed reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy F Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Williams
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close BS8 1TS Bristol U.K
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close BS8 1TS Bristol U.K
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28
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Konishi N, Shirahata T, Yokoyama M, Katsumi T, Ito Y, Hirata N, Nishino T, Makino K, Sato N, Nagai T, Kiyohara H, Yamada H, Kaji E, Kobayashi Y. Synthesis of Bisdesmosidic Oleanolic Acid Saponins via a Glycosylation-Deprotection Sequence under Continuous Microfluidic/Batch Conditions. J Org Chem 2017; 82:6703-6719. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naruki Konishi
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shirahata
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masaki Yokoyama
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Katsumi
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ito
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Nozomu Hirata
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishino
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kazuishi Makino
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nagai
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kiyohara
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Haruki Yamada
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kaji
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kobayashi
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection
Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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29
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Basu N, Oyama KI, Tsukamoto M. A solid-supported acidic oxazolium perchlorate as an easy-handling catalyst for the synthesis of modified pyrimidine nucleosides via Vorbrüggen-type N -glycosylation. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Devender Mandala
- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; University Way Port Elizabeth 6031 South Africa
| | - Paul Watts
- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; University Way Port Elizabeth 6031 South Africa
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31
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Mandala D, Chada S, Watts P. Semi-continuous multi-step synthesis of lamivudine. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:3444-3454. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00480j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first semi-continuous flow synthesis of lamivudine, an antiretroviral drug used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devender Mandala
- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
- University Way
- Port Elizabeth
- South Africa
| | - Sravanthi Chada
- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
- University Way
- Port Elizabeth
- South Africa
| | - Paul Watts
- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
- University Way
- Port Elizabeth
- South Africa
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32
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Matthies S, McQuade DT, Seeberger PH. Homogeneous Gold-Catalyzed Glycosylations in Continuous Flow. Org Lett 2015; 17:3670-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Matthies
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Tyler McQuade
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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33
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Kistemaker HAV, Lameijer LN, Meeuwenoord NJ, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Filippov DV. Synthesis of Well-Defined Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose Oligomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201412283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Kistemaker HAV, Lameijer LN, Meeuwenoord NJ, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Filippov DV. Synthesis of well-defined adenosine diphosphate ribose oligomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4915-8. [PMID: 25704172 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201412283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The post-translational modification of proteins that is known as adenosine diphosphate ribosylation (ADPr) regulates a wide variety of important biological processes, such as DNA-damage repair and cellular metabolism. This modification is also involved in carcinogenesis and the process of aging. Therefore, a better understanding of the function of ADP-ribosylation is crucial for the development of novel therapeutics. To facilitate the elucidation of the biology of ADPr, the availability of well-defined fragments of poly(ADP-ribose) is essential. Herein we report a solid-phase synthetic approach for the preparation of ADP-ribose oligomers of exactly defined length. The methodology is exemplified by the first reported synthesis of an ADP-ribose dimer and trimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans A V Kistemaker
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden (The Netherlands) http://biosyn.lic.leidenuniv.nl/
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35
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Rao BV, Manmode S, Hotha S. Propargyl 1,2-Orthoesters for a Catalytic and Stereoselective Synthesis of Pyrimidine Nucleosides. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1499-505. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502413z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boddu Venkateswara Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Pune 411 021, India
| | - Sujit Manmode
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Pune 411 021, India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Pune 411 021, India
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36
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Liu GJ, Zhang XT, Xing GW. A general method for N-glycosylation of nucleobases promoted by (p-Tol)2SO/Tf2O with thioglycoside as donor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:12803-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03617h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
35 nucleosides were synthesized by coupling thioglycosides with pyrimidines and purines under the preactivation of (p-Tol)2SO/Tf2O in high yields and with β-stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-jian Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Xiao-tai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Guo-wen Xing
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
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37
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Zhu C, Tang C, Cao Z, He W, Chen Y, Chen X, Guo K, Ying H. Fully Automated Continuous Meso-flow Synthesis of 5′-Nucleotides and Deoxynucleotides. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op5002066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Zhu
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chenglun Tang
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei He
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China
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Manvar A, Shah A. Continuous Flow and Microwave-Assisted Vorbrüggen Glycosylations: Historical Perspective to High-Throughput Strategies. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Synthesis of modified pyrimidine nucleosides via Vorbrüggen-type N-glycosylation catalyzed by 2-methyl-5-phenylbenzoxazolium perchlorate. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Toti KS, Derudas M, Pertusati F, Sinnaeve D, Van den Broeck F, Margamuljana L, Martins JC, Herdewijn P, Balzarini J, McGuigan C, Van Calenbergh S. Synthesis of an apionucleoside family and discovery of a prodrug with anti-HIV activity. J Org Chem 2014; 79:5097-112. [PMID: 24804575 DOI: 10.1021/jo500659e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a family of D- and L-furano-D-apionucleosides, their 3'-deoxy, as well as their 2',3'-dideoxy analogues with thymine and adenine nucleobases. Single carbon homologation of 1,2-O-isopropylidene-D-glycero-tetrafuranos-3-ulose (15) and optimized glycosylation conditions involving microwave irradiation were key to the successful synthesis of the target compounds. While all target nucleosides failed to show significant antiviral activity, we demonstrated that the triphosphate of 2',3'-deoxy-D-apio-D-furanoadenosine (1), in contrast to that of its D-apio-L-furanose epimer 2, was readily incorporated into a DNA template by HIV reverse transcriptase to act as a DNA chain terminator. This led us to convert adenine derivative 1 into two phosphoramidate prodrugs. ProTide 9b was found active against HIV-1 and HIV-2 (EC50 = 0.5-1.5 μM), indicating that the lack of activity of the parent nucleoside, and possibly also other members of the D-apio-D-furanose nucleoside family must be sought in the inefficient cellular conversion to the monophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran S Toti
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Hamon M, Dickinson N, Devineau A, Bolien D, Tranchant MJ, Taillier C, Jabin I, Harrowven DC, Whitby RJ, Ganesan A, Dalla V. Intra- and Intermolecular Alkylation of N,O-Acetals and π-Activated Alcohols Catalyzed by in Situ Generated Acid. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1900-12. [PMID: 24533649 DOI: 10.1021/jo4015886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Hamon
- Unité de Recherche en Chimie
Organique
et Macromoléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l’Université du Havre, EA 3221, FR CNRS 3038, 25 rue Philippe
Lebon, BP 540, 76058 Le Havre cedex, France
| | - Niall Dickinson
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Devineau
- Unité de Recherche en Chimie
Organique
et Macromoléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l’Université du Havre, EA 3221, FR CNRS 3038, 25 rue Philippe
Lebon, BP 540, 76058 Le Havre cedex, France
| | - David Bolien
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-José Tranchant
- Unité de Recherche en Chimie
Organique
et Macromoléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l’Université du Havre, EA 3221, FR CNRS 3038, 25 rue Philippe
Lebon, BP 540, 76058 Le Havre cedex, France
| | - Catherine Taillier
- Unité de Recherche en Chimie
Organique
et Macromoléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l’Université du Havre, EA 3221, FR CNRS 3038, 25 rue Philippe
Lebon, BP 540, 76058 Le Havre cedex, France
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - David C. Harrowven
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Whitby
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - A. Ganesan
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Dalla
- Unité de Recherche en Chimie
Organique
et Macromoléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l’Université du Havre, EA 3221, FR CNRS 3038, 25 rue Philippe
Lebon, BP 540, 76058 Le Havre cedex, France
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43
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Singh P, Singh A, Kaur J, Holzer W. H-Bond activated glycosylation of nucleobases: implications for prebiotic nucleoside synthesis. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44776f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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44
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Kozak JA, Wu J, Su X, Simeon F, Hatton TA, Jamison TF. Bromine-Catalyzed Conversion of CO2 and Epoxides to Cyclic Carbonates under Continuous Flow Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:18497-501. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4079094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Kozak
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 United States
| | - Jie Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Fritz Simeon
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 United States
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45
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Henschke JP, Zhang X, Huang X, Mei L, Chu G, Hu K, Wang Q, Zhu G, Wu M, Kuo C, Chen Y. A Stereoselective Process for the Manufacture of a 2′-Deoxy-β-d-Ribonucleoside Using the Vorbrüggen Glycosylation. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op4002005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian P. Henschke
- ScinoPharm Taiwan, Ltd, No. 1 Nan-Ke
Eighth Road, Tainan Science Park, Shan-Hua, Tainan, Taiwan 74144
| | - Xiaoheng Zhang
- ScinoPharm (Changshu) Pharmaceutical, Ltd, No. 16 Dong Zhou Rd., Economic Development Zone, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China 215513
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- ScinoPharm (Changshu) Pharmaceutical, Ltd, No. 16 Dong Zhou Rd., Economic Development Zone, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China 215513
| | - Lijun Mei
- ScinoPharm (Changshu) Pharmaceutical, Ltd, No. 16 Dong Zhou Rd., Economic Development Zone, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China 215513
| | - Guodong Chu
- ScinoPharm (Changshu) Pharmaceutical, Ltd, No. 16 Dong Zhou Rd., Economic Development Zone, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China 215513
| | - Kun Hu
- ScinoPharm (Changshu) Pharmaceutical, Ltd, No. 16 Dong Zhou Rd., Economic Development Zone, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China 215513
| | - Qingping Wang
- ScinoPharm (Changshu) Pharmaceutical, Ltd, No. 16 Dong Zhou Rd., Economic Development Zone, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China 215513
| | - Guoyang Zhu
- ScinoPharm (Changshu) Pharmaceutical, Ltd, No. 16 Dong Zhou Rd., Economic Development Zone, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China 215513
| | - Mingfeng Wu
- ScinoPharm Taiwan, Ltd, No. 1 Nan-Ke
Eighth Road, Tainan Science Park, Shan-Hua, Tainan, Taiwan 74144
| | - Chihying Kuo
- ScinoPharm Taiwan, Ltd, No. 1 Nan-Ke
Eighth Road, Tainan Science Park, Shan-Hua, Tainan, Taiwan 74144
| | - Yungfa Chen
- ScinoPharm Taiwan, Ltd, No. 1 Nan-Ke
Eighth Road, Tainan Science Park, Shan-Hua, Tainan, Taiwan 74144
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46
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Petersen TP, Mirsharghi S, Rummel PC, Thiele S, Rosenkilde MM, Ritzén A, Ulven T. Multistep Continuous-Flow Synthesis in Medicinal Chemistry: Discovery and Preliminary Structure-Activity Relationships of CCR8 Ligands. Chemistry 2013; 19:9343-50. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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47
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Chen M, Buchwald SL. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of 1-Substituted Benzotriazoles from Chloronitrobenzenes and Amines in a CN Bond Formation/Hydrogenation/Diazotization/Cyclization Sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4247-50. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Chen M, Buchwald SL. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of 1-Substituted Benzotriazoles from Chloronitrobenzenes and Amines in a CN Bond Formation/Hydrogenation/Diazotization/Cyclization Sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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49
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Shen B, Jamison TF. Continuous Flow Photochemistry for the Rapid and Selective Synthesis of 2’-Deoxy and 2’,3’-Dideoxynucleosides. Aust J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/ch12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new photochemical flow reactor has been developed for the photo-induced electron-transfer deoxygenation reaction to produce 2′-deoxy and 2′,3′-dideoxynucleosides. The continuous flow format significantly improved both the efficiency and selectivity of the reaction, with the streamlined multi-step sequence directly furnishing the highly desired unprotected deoxynucleosides.
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50
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Shen B, Jamison TF. Rapid Continuous Synthesis of 5′-Deoxyribonucleosides in Flow via Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Glycosylation. Org Lett 2012; 14:3348-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301324g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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