1
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Ruetz M, Mascarenhas R, Widner F, Kieninger C, Koutmos M, Kräutler B, Banerjee R. A Noble Metal Substitution Leads to B 12 Cofactor Mimicry by a Rhodibalamin. Biochemistry 2024; 63:1955-1962. [PMID: 39012171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In mammals, cobalamin is an essential cofactor that is delivered by a multitude of chaperones in an elaborate trafficking pathway to two client enzymes, methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MMUT). Rhodibalamins, the rhodium analogs of cobalamins, have been described as antimetabolites due to their ability to inhibit bacterial growth. In this study, we have examined the reactivity of adenosylrhodibalamin (AdoRhbl) with two key human chaperones, MMACHC (also known as CblC) and adenosyltransferase (MMAB, also known as ATR), and with the human and Mycobacterium tuberculosis MMUT. We demonstrate that while AdoRhbl binds tightly to all four proteins, the Rh-carbon bond is resistant to homolytic (on MMAB and MMUT) as well as heterolytic (on MMACHC) rupture. On the other hand, MMAB catalyzes Rh-carbon bond formation, converting rhodi(I)balamin in the presence of ATP to AdoRhbl. We report the first crystal structure of a rhodibalamin (AdoRhbl) bound to a B12 protein, i.e., MMAB, in the presence of triphosphate, which shows a weakened but intact Rh-carbon bond. The structure provides insights into how MMAB cleaves the corresponding Co-carbon bond in a sacrificial homolytic reaction that purportedly functions as a cofactor sequestration strategy. Collectively, the study demonstrates that while the noble metal substitution of cobalt by rhodium sets up structural mimicry, it compromises chemistry, which could be exploited for targeting human and bacterial B12 chaperones and enzymes.
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2
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Marques HM. The inorganic chemistry of the cobalt corrinoids - an update. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 242:112154. [PMID: 36871417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The inorganic chemistry of the cobalt corrinoids, derivatives of vitamin B12, is reviewed, with particular emphasis on equilibrium constants for, and kinetics of, their axial ligand substitution reactions. The role the corrin ligand plays in controlling and modifying the properties of the metal ion is emphasised. Other aspects of the chemistry of these compounds, including their structure, corrinoid complexes with metals other than cobalt, the redox chemistry of the cobalt corrinoids and their chemical redox reactions, and their photochemistry are discussed. Their role as catalysts in non-biological reactions and aspects of their organometallic chemistry are briefly mentioned. Particular mention is made of the role that computational methods - and especially DFT calculations - have played in developing our understanding of the inorganic chemistry of these compounds. A brief overview of the biological chemistry of the B12-dependent enzymes is also given for the reader's convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder M Marques
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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3
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Mahwish N, Bairy LK, Srinivasamurthy S. Antivitamins: A Silver Lining in the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0976500x221080378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antivitamins are compounds that negate the biological effects of vitamins. They have been successfully exploited for the development of various classes of drugs. In the early 19th century, the antifolate prontosil was developed for the treatment of puerperal fever. Since then, numerous other antifolates have been used to treat a wide range of infections. Antifolates, such as methotrexate, are potent anticancer agents and antivitamin K, such as warfarin, are used as anticoagulants. Despite several years of research, most antivitamin-based drugs are limited to vitamin K and B9, and the development of antagonists for other vitamins is still in the nascent stage. In the era of antimicrobial resistance, antivitamins can be considered as a promising alternative to develop newer antimicrobials and are worth exploring further. This review discusses key antivitamins at different stages of development which have potential utility as antibiotic drug candidates. The summary of studies of antivitamins in clinical development is also narrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayesha Mahwish
- Department of Pharmacology, Ras Al Khaimah College of Medical Sciences (RAKCOMS), RAK Medical and Health Sciences University Ras Al Khaimah (RAKMHSU), Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laxminarayana Kurady Bairy
- Department of Pharmacology, Ras Al Khaimah College of Medical Sciences (RAKCOMS), RAK Medical and Health Sciences University Ras Al Khaimah (RAKMHSU), Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sureshkumar Srinivasamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, Ras Al Khaimah College of Medical Sciences (RAKCOMS), RAK Medical and Health Sciences University Ras Al Khaimah (RAKMHSU), Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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5
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Ruetz M, Koutmos M, Kräutler B. Antivitamins B 12: Synthesis and application as inhibitory ligand of the B 12-tailoring enzyme CblC. Methods Enzymol 2022; 668:157-178. [PMID: 35589193 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Antivitamins B12 are non-natural corrinoids that have been designed to counteract the metabolic effects of vitamin B12 and related cobalamins (Cbls) in humans and other mammals. A basic structure- and reactivity-based concept typifies antivitamins B12 as close structural mimics of vitamin B12 that are not transformed by the cellular metabolism into organometallic B12-cofactors. Antivitamins B12 have the correct structure for efficient take-up and transport via the natural mammalian pathway for cobalamin assimilation. Thus they can be delivered to every cell in the body, where they are proposed to target and inhibit the Cbl tailoring enzyme CblC. Antivitamins B12 may be specifically inert Cbls or isostructural Cbl-analogues that carry a metal centre other than a cobalt-ion. The syntheses of two antivitamins B12 are detailed here, as are biochemical and crystallographic studies that provide insights into the crucial binding interactions of Cbl-based antivitamins B12 with the human B12-tailoring enzyme CblC. This key enzyme binds genuine antivitamins B12 as inert substrate mimics and enzyme inhibitors, effectively repressing the metabolic generation of the B12-cofactors. Hence, antivitamins B12 induce the diagnostic symptoms of (functional) B12-deficiency, as observed in healthy laboratory mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ruetz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Markos Koutmos
- Department of Chemistry, Program in Biophysics, Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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6
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Rodriguez Segura L, Lee SA, Mash BL, Schuman AJ, Ren T. A Series of Mono- and Bis-Alkynyl Co(III) Complexes Supported by a Tetra-imine Macrocyclic Ligand (TIM). Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seul Ah Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Brandon L. Mash
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ashley J. Schuman
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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7
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Brenig C, Mosberger L, Baumann K, Blacque O, Zelder F. Redox‐Neutral Syntheses and Electrochemical Studies of 10‐Bromo‐Substituted Light‐Stable Antivitamin B
12
Candidates. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Brenig
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Leila Mosberger
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Katja Baumann
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Felix Zelder
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
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8
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Abstract
The recently delineated structure- and reactivity-based concept of antivitamins B12 has begun to bear fruit by the generation, and study, of a range of such B12 -dummies, either vitamin B12 -derived, or transition metal analogues that also represent potential antivitamins B12 or specific B12 -antimetabolites. As reviewed here, this has opened up new research avenues in organometallic B12 -chemistry and bioinorganic coordination chemistry. Exploratory studies with antivitamins B12 have, furthermore, revealed some of their potential, as pharmacologically interesting compounds, for inducing B12 -deficiency in a range of organisms, from hospital resistant bacteria to laboratory mice. The derived capacity of antivitamins B12 to induce functional B12 -deficiency in mammalian cells and organs also suggest their valuable potential as growth inhibitors of cancerous human and animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI)University of Innsbruck6020InnsbruckAustria
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9
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Salerno EV, Miller NA, Konar A, Li Y, Kieninger C, Kräutler B, Sension RJ. Ultrafast Excited State Dynamics and Fluorescence from Vitamin B 12 and Organometallic [Co]-C≡C-R Cobalamins. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6651-6656. [PMID: 32692181 PMCID: PMC7397374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Cobalamins are cobalt-centered
cyclic tetrapyrrole ring-based molecules
that provide cofactors for exceptional biological processes and possess
unique and synthetically tunable photochemistry. Typical cobalamins
are characterized by a visible absorption spectrum consisting of peaks
labeled α, β, and sh. The physical basis of these peaks
as having electronic origin or as a vibronic progression is ambiguous
despite much investigation. Here, for the first time, cobalamin fluorescence
is identified in several derivatives. The fluorescence lifetime is
ca. 100–200 fs with quantum yields on the order of 10–6–10–5 because of rapid population of “dark”
excited states. The results are compared with the fluorescent analogue
with zinc replacing the cobalt in the corrin ring. Analysis of the
breadth of the emission spectrum provides evidence that a vibrational
progression in a single excited electronic state makes the dominant
contribution to the visible absorption band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvin V Salerno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Nicholas A Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Arkaprabha Konar
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Christoph Kieninger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roseanne J Sension
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States.,Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, United States
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10
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Rossier J, Delasoie J, Haeni L, Hauser D, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Zobi F. Cytotoxicity of Mn-based photoCORMs of ethynyl-α-diimine ligands against different cancer cell lines: The key role of CO-depleted metal fragments. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 209:111122. [PMID: 32497818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of tricarbonyl manganese complexes bearing 4-ethynyl-2,2'-bipyridine and 5-ethynyl-1,10-phenanthroline α-diimine ligands were synthetized, characterized and conjugated to vitamin B12, previously used as a vector for drug delivery, to take advantage of its water solubility and specificity toward cancer cells. The compounds act as photoactivatable carbon monoxide-releasing molecules rapidly liberating on average ca. 2.3 equivalents of CO upon photo-irradiation. Complexes and conjugates were tested for their anticancer effects, both in the dark and following photo-activation, against breast cancer MCF-7, lung carcinoma A549 and colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cell lines as well as immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells 16HBE14o- as the non-carcinogenic control. Our results indicate that the light-induced cytotoxicity these molecules can be attributed to both their released CO and to their CO-depleted metal fragments including liberated ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie Rossier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Delasoie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia Haeni
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hauser
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Fabio Zobi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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11
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Salerno EV, Miller NA, Konar A, Salchner R, Kieninger C, Wurst K, Spears KG, Kräutler B, Sension RJ. Exceptional Photochemical Stability of the Co-C Bond of Alkynyl Cobalamins, Potential Antivitamins B 12 and Core Elements of B 12-Based Biological Vectors. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6422-6431. [PMID: 32311266 PMCID: PMC7201400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Alkynylcorrinoids
are a class of organometallic B12 derivatives,
recently rediscovered for use as antivitamins B12 and as
core components of B12-based biological vectors. They feature
exceptional photochemical and thermal stability of their characteristic
extra-short Co–C bond. We describe here the synthesis and structure
of 3-hydroxypropynylcobalamin (HOPryCbl) and photochemical experiments
with HOPryCbl, as well as of the related alkynylcobalamins: phenylethynylcobalamin
and difluoro-phenylethynylcobalamin. Ultrafast spectroscopic studies
of the excited state dynamics and mechanism for ground state recovery
demonstrate that the Co–C bond of alkynylcobalamins is stable,
with the Co–N bond and ring deformations mediating internal
conversion and ground state recovery within 100 ps. These studies
provide insights required for the rational design of photostable or
photolabile B12-based cellular vectors. Most alkylcobalamins are photolabile; in contrast, alkynylcobalamins
are photostable. Through time-resolved measurements, we demonstrate
for three alkynylcobalamins that the Co−C bond is stable (i.e.
“locked”), while expansion of the Co−N axial
bond (which is “unlocked”) and ring deformations mediate
internal conversion and ground state recovery within 100 ps. The barrier
for ground state recovery is independent of the R group on the alkynyl
ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvin V Salerno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Nicholas A Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Arkaprabha Konar
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, United States
| | - Robert Salchner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Kieninger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kenneth G Spears
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roseanne J Sension
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States.,Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, United States.,Biophysics, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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12
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Miller NA, Michocki LB, Alonso-Mori R, Britz A, Deb A, DePonte DP, Glownia JM, Kaneshiro AK, Kieninger C, Koralek J, Meadows JH, van Driel TB, Kräutler B, Kubarych KJ, Penner-Hahn JE, Sension RJ. Antivitamins B 12 in a Microdrop: The Excited-State Structure of a Precious Sample Using Transient Polarized X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5484-5489. [PMID: 31483136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polarized transient X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) was used to probe the excited-state structure of a photostable B12 antivitamin (Coβ-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-ethynylcobalamin, F2PhEtyCbl). A drop-on-demand delivery system synchronized to the LCLS X-ray free electron laser pulses was implemented and used to measure the XANES difference spectrum 12 ps following excitation, exposing only ∼45 μL of sample. Unlike cyanocobalamin (CNCbl), where the Co-C bond expands 15-20%, the excited state of F2PhEtyCbl is characterized by little change in the Co-C bond, suggesting that the acetylide linkage raises the barrier for expansion of the Co-C bond. In contrast, the lower axial Co-NDMB bond is elongated in the excited state of F2PhEtyCbl by ca. 10% or more, comparable to the 10% elongation observed for Co-NDMB in CNCbl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Miller
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
| | - Lindsay B Michocki
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- Linac Coherent Light Source , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Alexander Britz
- Linac Coherent Light Source , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
- Stanford PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Aniruddha Deb
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
- Biophysics , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
| | - Daniel P DePonte
- Linac Coherent Light Source , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - James M Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - April K Kaneshiro
- Department of Biological Chemistry , 1150 West Medical Center Drive , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-0600 , United States
| | - Christoph Kieninger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Center for Molecular Biosciences , University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80/82 , A-6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Jake Koralek
- Linac Coherent Light Source , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Joseph H Meadows
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
| | - Tim B van Driel
- Linac Coherent Light Source , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Center for Molecular Biosciences , University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80/82 , A-6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Kevin J Kubarych
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
- Biophysics , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
| | - James E Penner-Hahn
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
- Biophysics , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
| | - Roseanne J Sension
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
- Biophysics , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1055 , United States
- Department of Physics , University of Michigan , 450 Church Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109-1040 , United States
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13
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Jakubaszek M, Rossier J, Karges J, Delasoie J, Goud B, Gasser G, Zobi F. Evaluation of the Potential of Cobalamin Derivatives Bearing Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complexes as Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Jakubaszek
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health SciencesLaboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology FR-75005 Paris France
- Institut CuriePSL University, CNRS UMR 144 FR-75248 Paris France
| | - Jeremie Rossier
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of Fribourg CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Johannes Karges
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health SciencesLaboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology FR-75005 Paris France
| | - Joachim Delasoie
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of Fribourg CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Bruno Goud
- Institut CuriePSL University, CNRS UMR 144 FR-75248 Paris France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health SciencesLaboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology FR-75005 Paris France
| | - Fabio Zobi
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of Fribourg CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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14
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Rossier J, Nasiri Sovari S, Pavic A, Vojnovic S, Stringer T, Bättig S, Smith GS, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Zobi F. Antiplasmodial Activity and In Vivo Bio-Distribution of Chloroquine Molecules Released with a 4-(4-Ethynylphenyl)-Triazole Moiety from Organometallo-Cobalamins. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122310. [PMID: 31234469 PMCID: PMC6630517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have explored the possibility of using organometallic derivatives of cobalamin as a scaffold for the delivery of the same antimalarial drug to both erythro- and hepatocytes. This hybrid molecule approach, intended as a possible tool for the development of multi-stage antimalarial agents, pivots on the preparation of azide-functionalized drugs which, after coupling to the vitamin, are released with a 4-(4-ethynylphenyl)-triazole functionality. Three chloroquine and one imidazolopiperazine derivative (based on the KAF156 structure) were selected as model drugs. One hybrid chloroquine conjugate was extensively studied via fluorescent labelling for in vitro and in vivo bio-distribution studies and gave proof-of-concept for the design. It showed no toxicity in vivo (zebrafish model) as well as no hepatotoxicity, no cardiotoxicity or developmental toxicity of the embryos. All 4-(4-ethynylphenyl)-triazole derivatives of chloroquine were equally active against chloroquine-resistant (CQR) and chloroquine-sensitive (CQS) Plasmodium falciparum strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie Rossier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Sara Nasiri Sovari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Aleksandar Pavic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Sandra Vojnovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Tameryn Stringer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Sarah Bättig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Gregory S Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Fabio Zobi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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15
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Demarteau J, Debuigne A, Detrembleur C. Organocobalt Complexes as Sources of Carbon-Centered Radicals for Organic and Polymer Chemistries. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6906-6955. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Demarteau
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, Building B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, Building B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, Building B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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16
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Toda MJ, Lodowski P, Mamun AA, Jaworska M, Kozlowski PM. Photolytic properties of the biologically active forms of vitamin B12. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Hassan S, Jackowska A, Gryko D. Truncated vitamin B12 derivative with the phosphate group retained. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cobyric acid and cobinamide are valuable building blocks for the synthesis of artificial cobalamins modified at the nucleotide loop. However, truncated vitamin B[Formula: see text] derivatives are devoid of the phosphate group. We have found that 2-iodoxy benzoic acid-mediated phosphorolysis leads to the cleavage of only one of the phosphodiester bond giving a vitamin B[Formula: see text] analogue with the phosphate moiety preserved. Subsequent alkylation with an organic halide establishes its role as a precursor for the synthesis of vitamin B[Formula: see text] mimics modified at the nucleotide loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Hassan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jackowska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra J. Wierzba
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Sidra Hassan
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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19
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Lodowski P, Toda MJ, Ciura K, Jaworska M, Kozlowski PM. Photolytic Properties of Antivitamins B12. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:7838-7850. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Lodowski
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, PL-40 006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Megan J. Toda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Karolina Ciura
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, PL-40 006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Maria Jaworska
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, PL-40 006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Pawel M. Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
- Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
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20
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Brenig C, Ruetz M, Kieninger C, Wurst K, Kräutler B. Alpha- and Beta-Diastereoisomers of Phenylcobalamin from Cobalt-Arylation with Diphenyliodonium Chloride. Chemistry 2017; 23:9726-9731. [PMID: 28557054 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic aryl-cobalamins are B12 -derivatives featuring properties of potential 'B12 antivitamins'. Herein, we describe a new method for the preparation of aryl-cobalamins using versatile diaryliodonium salts as arylation agents. Formate or sodium borohydride reduction of aquocobalamin in presence of diphenyliodonium chloride furnished Coβ -phenyl-cobalamin PhCbl in a roughly 3:1 to 1:1 ratio with its coordination isomer αPhCbl, a first representative 'base-off' Coα -aryl-cobalamin. The new structures were secured by detailed spectroscopic analysis, supplemented by an X-ray crystal structure analysis of PhCbl. Both types of coordination isomers of the aryl-cobalamins promise to be useful molecular tools in biomedical and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Brenig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Ruetz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Kieninger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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21
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Ruetz M, Shanmuganathan A, Gherasim C, Karasik A, Salchner R, Kieninger C, Wurst K, Banerjee R, Koutmos M, Kräutler B. Inhibierung des humanen B12-verarbeitenden Enzyms CblC durch Antivitamine B12- Kristallstruktur des inaktiven ternären Komplexes mit dem Kosubstrat Glutathion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ruetz
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Zentrum für Molekulare, Biowissenschaften; Universität Innsbruck; 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
- University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor MI 48109-0600 USA
| | | | - Carmen Gherasim
- University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor MI 48109-0600 USA
- Department of Pathology; University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Agnes Karasik
- Department of Biochemistry; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda MD 28104 USA
| | - Robert Salchner
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Zentrum für Molekulare, Biowissenschaften; Universität Innsbruck; 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
- Watercryst GmbH & Co; Kematen Österreich
| | - Christoph Kieninger
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Zentrum für Molekulare, Biowissenschaften; Universität Innsbruck; 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische Chemie und Theoretische Chemie; Universität Innsbruck; Österreich
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor MI 48109-0600 USA
| | - Markos Koutmos
- Department of Biochemistry; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda MD 28104 USA
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Zentrum für Molekulare, Biowissenschaften; Universität Innsbruck; 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
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22
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Ruetz M, Shanmuganathan A, Gherasim C, Karasik A, Salchner R, Kieninger C, Wurst K, Banerjee R, Koutmos M, Kräutler B. Antivitamin B 12 Inhibition of the Human B 12 -Processing Enzyme CblC: Crystal Structure of an Inactive Ternary Complex with Glutathione as the Cosubstrate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7387-7392. [PMID: 28544088 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
B12 antivitamins are important and robust tools for investigating the biological roles of vitamin B12 . Here, the potential antivitamin B12 2,4-difluorophenylethynylcobalamin (F2PhEtyCbl) was prepared, and its 3D structure was studied in solution and in the crystal. Chemically inert F2PhEtyCbl resisted thermolysis of its Co-C bond at 100 °C, was stable in bright daylight, and also remained intact upon prolonged storage in aqueous solution at room temperature. It binds to the human B12 -processing enzyme CblC with high affinity (KD =130 nm) in the presence of the cosubstrate glutathione (GSH). F2PhEtyCbl withstood tailoring by CblC, and it also stabilized the ternary complex with GSH. The crystal structure of this inactivated assembly provides first insight into the binding interactions between an antivitamin B12 and CblC, as well as into the organization of GSH and a base-off cobalamin in the active site of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ruetz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Carmen Gherasim
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA.,Current address: Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Agnes Karasik
- Department of Biochemistry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA
| | - Robert Salchner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Current address: Watercryst GmbH & Co, Kematen, Austria
| | - Christoph Kieninger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Markos Koutmos
- Department of Biochemistry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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23
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Rossier J, Hauser D, Kottelat E, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Zobi F. Organometallic cobalamin anticancer derivatives for targeted prodrug delivery via transcobalamin-mediated uptake. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:2159-2164. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04443c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and study of new water-soluble vitamin B12 prodrugs bearing metal complexes at the β-upper side of the cobalt center for targeted prodrug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie Rossier
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Fribourg
- 1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
| | | | - Emmanuel Kottelat
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Fribourg
- 1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
| | | | - Fabio Zobi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Fribourg
- 1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
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24
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Miller NA, Wiley TE, Spears KG, Ruetz M, Kieninger C, Kräutler B, Sension RJ. Toward the Design of Photoresponsive Conditional Antivitamins B12: A Transient Absorption Study of an Arylcobalamin and an Alkynylcobalamin. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:14250-14256. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Miller
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Theodore E. Wiley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Kenneth G. Spears
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Markus Ruetz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Kieninger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roseanne J. Sension
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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25
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Gómez-Herrera A, Nahra F, Brill M, Nolan SP, Cazin CSJ. Sequential Functionalization of Alkynes and Alkenes Catalyzed by Gold(I) and Palladium(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fady Nahra
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 - S3 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Marcel Brill
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 - S3 9000 Gent Belgium
- Chemistry Department; College of Science; King Saud University; PO Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 - S3 9000 Gent Belgium
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26
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27
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Zelder F. Recent trends in the development of vitamin B12 derivatives for medicinal applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14004-17. [PMID: 26287029 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04843e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This Feature Article highlights recent developments in the field of vitamin B12 derivatives for medicinal applications. The following topics are emphasized: (1) the development of aquacorrinoids for cyanide detection and detoxification, (2) the use of vitamin B12 conjugates and (3) antivitamins B12 for therapy and diagnosis, and (4) the design of corrinoids as activators of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Zelder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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28
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Abstract
B12 -antimetabolites are compounds that counteract the physiological effects of vitamin B12 and related natural cobalamins. Presented here is a structure- and reactivity-based concept of the specific 'antivitamins B12 ': it refers to analogues of vitamin B12 that display high structural similarity to the vitamin and are 'locked chemically' to prevent their metabolic conversion into the crucial organometallic B12 -cofactors. Application of antivitamins B12 to healthy laboratory animals is, thus, expected to induce symptoms of B12 -deficiency. Antivitamins B12 may, hence, be helpful in elucidating still largely puzzling pathophysiological phenomena associated with B12 -deficiency, and also in recognizing physiological roles of B12 that probably still remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck (Austria).
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29
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Zelder F, Sonnay M, Prieto L. Antivitamins for Medicinal Applications. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1264-78. [PMID: 26013037 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antivitamins represent a broad class of compounds that counteract the essential effects of vitamins. The symptoms triggered by such antinutritional factors resemble those of vitamin deficiencies, but can be successfully reversed by treating patients with the intact vitamin. Despite being undesirable for healthy organisms, the toxicities of these compounds present considerable interest for biological and medicinal purposes. Indeed, antivitamins played fundamental roles in the development of pioneering antibiotic and antiproliferative drugs, such as prontosil and aminopterin. Their development and optimisation were made possible by the study, throughout the 20th century, of the vitamins' and antivitamins' functions in metabolic processes. However, even with this thorough knowledge, commercialised antivitamin-based drugs are still nowadays limited to antagonists of vitamins B9 and K. The antivitamin field thus still needs to be explored more intensely, in view of the outstanding therapeutic success exhibited by several antivitamin-based medicines. Here we summarise historical achievements and discuss critically recent developments, opportunities and potential limitations of the antivitamin approach, with a special focus on antivitamins K, B9 and B12 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Zelder
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich (Switzerland).
| | - Marjorie Sonnay
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Lucas Prieto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich (Switzerland)
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30
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31
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Chromiński M, Lewalska A, Karczewski M, Gryko D. Vitamin B12 Derivatives for Orthogonal Functionalization. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7532-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501271g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Chromiński
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lewalska
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Karczewski
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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32
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Chromiński M, Lewalska A, Gryko D. Reduction-free synthesis of stable acetylide cobalamins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:11406-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47210h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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