1
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Yang S, Du S, Zhu J, Ma S. Closed-loop recyclable polymers: from monomer and polymer design to the polymerization-depolymerization cycle. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39177226 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00663a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The extensive utilization of plastic, as a symbol of modern technological society, has consumed enormous amounts of finite and non-renewable fossil resources and produced huge amounts of plastic wastes in the land or ocean, and thus recycling and reuse of the plastic wastes have great ecological and economic benefits. Closed-loop recyclable polymers with inherent recyclability can be readily depolymerized into monomers with high selectivity and purity and repolymerized into polymers with the same performance. They are deemed to be the next generation of recyclable polymers and have captured great and increasing attention from academia and industry. Herein, we provide an overview of readily closed-loop recyclable polymers based on monomer and polymer design and no-other-reactant-involved reversible ring-opening and addition polymerization reactions. The state-of-the-art of circular polymers is separately summarized and discussed based on different monomers, including lactones, thiolactones, cyclic carbonates, hindered olefins, cycloolefins, thermally labile olefin comonomers, cyclic disulfides, cyclic (dithio) acetals, lactams, Diels-Alder addition monomers, Michael addition monomers, anhydride-secondary amide monomers, and cyclic anhydride-aldehyde monomers, and polymers with activatable end groups. The polymerization and depolymerization mechanisms are clearly disclosed, and the evolution of the monomer structure, the polymerization and depolymerization conditions, the corresponding polymerization yield, molecular weight, performance of the polymers, monomer recovery, and depolymerization equipment are also systematically summarized and discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
| | - Shuai Du
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Songqi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
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2
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Zhu Y, Tao Y. Stereoselective Ring-opening Polymerization of S-Carboxyanhydrides Using Salen Aluminum Catalysts: A Route to High-Isotactic Functionalized Polythioesters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317305. [PMID: 38179725 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Polythioesters are important sustainable polymers with broad applications. The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of S-Carboxyanhydrides (SCAs) can afford polythioesters with functional groups that are typically difficult to prepare by ROP of thiolactones. Typical methods involving organocatalysts, like dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and triethylamine (Et3 N), have been plagued by uncontrolled polymerization, including epimerization for most SCAs resulting in the loss of isotacticity. Here, we report the use of salen aluminum catalysts for the selective ROP of various SCAs without epimerization, affording functionalized polythioester with high molecular weight up to 37.6 kDa and the highest Pm value up to 0.99. Notably, the ROP of TlaSCA (SCA prepared from thiolactic acid) generates the first example of a isotactic crystalline poly(thiolactic acid), which exhibited a distinct Tm value of 152.6 °C. Effective ligand tailoring governs the binding affinity between the sulfide chain-end and the metal center, thereby maintaining the activity of organometallic catalysts and reducing the occurrence of epimerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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3
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Barik D, Porel M. Sequence-Defined Tertiary Amine-Based Oligomer Employing a Scalable, Support-Free, and Protection/Deprotection-Free Iterative Strategy. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:65-72. [PMID: 38165126 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Sequence-defined oligomers (SDOs) with their unique monomeric sequence and customizable nature are attracting the attention of researchers globally. The structural and functional diversity attainable in SDOs makes this platform promising, albeit with challenges in the synthesis. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a novel class of SDO by incorporating tertiary amines into the backbone from commercially available inexpensive materials. Tertiary amines were selected due to their various material and biomedical applications. Even though the synthesis and purification of amine compounds are challenging, their various significant applications, such as pharmaceuticals, catalysts, surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, dye intermediates, polymer additives, rubber accelerators, gas treating agents, agriculture, and analytical chemistry, make them fascinating. The synthetic strategy that is designed here is extremely efficient and economical for the scalable synthesis of the SDO and is support-free, protection-deprotection chemistry-free, and catalyst/template-free. Most importantly, no extra design and synthesis of the monomer is required here. The key reactions employed for the SDO synthesis are (i) transformation of the hydroxy group to a halide and (ii) substitution of the halide by the secondary amine units. Including the purifying processes, the multigram synthesis of 4-mer was completed in 12-14 h. The synthetic strategy was established by synthesizing two different sequences of SDOs. The SDOs are characterized by 1H NMR and LC-MS. The tandem MS (MS/MS) experiment was conducted in order to validate the sequences over the SDO chain. Furthermore, the SDO platform was advanced in two ways: (i) by increasing the chain length via attaching a linker, which provides a rapid method for increasing the tertiary amine over the SDO chain, and (ii) postsynthetic modification of SDO with other functional groups, including guanidine for biological importance and a well-known fluorophore dansyl group for material significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Barik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, India
| | - Mintu Porel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, India
- Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Engineering Center, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, India
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4
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Hoff EA, Weigel RK, Rangamani A, Alabi CA. Discrete Oligocarbamates Exhibit Sequence-Dependent Fluorescence Emission and Quenching. ACS POLYMERS AU 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Hoff
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, 120 Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14835, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Richard K. Weigel
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, 120 Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14835, United States
| | - Adithya Rangamani
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, 120 Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14835, United States
| | - Christopher A. Alabi
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, 120 Olin Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14835, United States
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5
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Wang M, Zhou J, Fa S, Zhang Q. Synergetic Enhancement: Imprinted Magnetic Microspheres Based on the Thiol-ene-amine Conjugation and Metal Coordination for Selective Recognition of BSA. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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6
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Wang M, Zhou J, Zhang G, Fa S, Zhang Q. Functional thiolactone assisted imprinting cavities with abundant amines for strong binding of protein imprinted nanospheres. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1773-1781. [PMID: 36723378 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02712g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop new protein imprinting polymerization methods and to prepare protein imprinted nanomaterials with high recognition, a novel protein imprinted strategy is developed in this study by using polyethyleneimine (PEI) for aminolysis of tailor-made thiolactone-based functional monomers and crosslinkers on amine-modified magnetic nanospheres in an aqueous medium. The prepared protein imprinted nanospheres can seize BSA templates in the imprinting polymerization process through multiple hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. In addition, the aminolysis reaction also generates abundant amide bonds in the imprinting polymer network, which not only enhances the hydrogen bonding interactions between the imprinted nanospheres and BSA but also improves the stability of the imprinting cavities by increasing the rigidity of the polymer chains. Based on the above advantages, the protein imprinted nanospheres show excellent rebinding specificity for BSA, for which the rebinding capacity is up to 505 ± 15 mg g-1 and the imprinting factor is 4.09. The protein imprinted nanospheres exhibit fast adsorption kinetics, outstanding reusability, and can selectively separate BSA from a protein mixture and actual biological samples. The generality of this imprinted method is also verified. Thus, this study will provide a new idea for the design of protein imprinted materials with high recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, P. R. China
| | - Guoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Shixin Fa
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China.
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7
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Shi Q, Zhou X, Xu J, Zhang J, Wang N, Zhang G, Hu J, Liu S. Dendritic Quaternary-Encoded Oligourethanes for Data Encryption. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214695. [PMID: 36412223 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of sequence-defined digital polymers for data storage and encryption has received increasing attention due to their precision structures similar to natural biomacromolecules (e.g., DNA) but increased stability. However, the rapid development of sequencing techniques raises the concern of information leakage. Herein, dendritic quaternary-encoded oligourethanes bearing a photoresponsive trigger, self-immolative backbones, and a mass spectrometry tag of PEG dendron have been developed for data encryption. Although the sequence information in linear analogs can be readily deciphered by mass spectrometry, sequencing of dendritic oligourethanes cannot be achieved by either primary MS or tandem MS/MS owing to the unique spatial conformation. Intriguingly, the fragmentation pathways of a quaternary dendrimer under MS/MS conditions can be converted to 2772-bit 2D matrices with ≈1.98×1087 permutations, serving as high-strength encryption keys for highly reliable data encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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8
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Soete M, Mertens C, Badi N, Du Prez FE. Reading Information Stored in Synthetic Macromolecules. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22378-22390. [PMID: 36454647 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The storage of information in synthetic (macro)molecules provides an attractive alternative for current archival storage media, and the advancements made within this area have prompted the investigation of such molecules for numerous other applications (e.g., anti-counterfeiting tags, steganography). While different strategies have been described for storing information at the molecular level, this Perspective aims to provide a critical overview of the most prominent approaches that can be utilized for retrieving the encoded information. The major part will focus on the sequence determination of synthetic macromolecules, wherein information is stored by the precise arrangement of constituting monomers, with an emphasis on chemically aided strategies, (tandem) mass spectrometry, and nanopore sensing. In addition, recent progress in utilizing (mixtures of) small molecules for information storage will be discussed. Finally, the closing remarks aim to highlight which strategy we believe is the most suitable for a series of specific applications, and will also touch upon the future research avenues that can be pursued for reading (macro)molecular information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Soete
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chiel Mertens
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nezha Badi
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Wang M, Zhang G, Liu Q, Wei M, Ren Y, Fa S, Zhang Q. Ring -opening of polythiolactones to construct protein-imprinted nanospheres with high recognition and regulation capabilities. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16865-16873. [PMID: 36281642 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03715g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing and preparing novel protein-imprinted nanomaterials with high recognition ability remains challenging because it is difficult to controllably and orderly design and arrange functional groups on the imprinted polymer layers of protein-imprinted nanomaterials to improve their protein identification. Herein, we present a new technology using rationally designed polythiolactone-decorated magnetic nanospheres as the precursor of multifunctionalized imprinted materials. Moreover, the strategy of ring-opening the polythiolactione layers using primary amines with terminal alcohols, acids and pyrrolidines introduces abundant recognition sites, which enhance the recognition for template proteins through multiple hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Thiols generated in situ by the ring-opening reaction provide sufficient crosslinking sites proximate to each recognition site for the formation of imprinting cavities, endowing the imprinted nanospheres with promising regulation capabilities. Based on the rational design, the imprinted nanospheres can be prepared conveniently and present tunable rebinding capacity and specificity for bovine serum albumin (BSA). The maximum saturated rebinding capacity of imprinted materials for BSA is up to 285 ± 15 mg g-1 and the highest imprinting factor reaches 5.79. The simple and versatile strategy demonstrated in this study shows promise for the design of other protein-imprinted materials with high recognition ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
| | - Guoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
| | - Mengmeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
| | - Yafeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
| | - Shixin Fa
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
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10
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Guo Z, He J. Synthesis of Linear and Cyclic Discrete Oligomers with Defined Sequences via Efficient Anionic Coupling Reaction. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junpo He
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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11
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Molecular data storage with zero synthetic effort and simple read-out. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13878. [PMID: 35974033 PMCID: PMC9381582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound mixtures represent an alternative, additional approach to DNA and synthetic sequence-defined macromolecules in the field of non-conventional molecular data storage, which may be useful depending on the target application. Here, we report a fast and efficient method for information storage in molecular mixtures by the direct use of commercially available chemicals and thus, zero synthetic steps need to be performed. As a proof of principle, a binary coding language is used for encoding words in ASCII or black and white pixels of a bitmap. This way, we stored a 25 × 25-pixel QR code (625 bits) and a picture of the same size. Decoding of the written information is achieved via spectroscopic (1H NMR) or chromatographic (gas chromatography) analysis. In addition, for a faster and automated read-out of the data, we developed a decoding software, which also orders the data sets according to an internal “ordering” standard. Molecular keys or anticounterfeiting are possible areas of application for information-containing compound mixtures.
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12
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Berg MT, Herberg A, Kuckling D. Hyphenation of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and ion mobility mass spectrometry for the analysis of sequence-defined oligomers with different functionalities and tacticity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2022.2100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Artjom Herberg
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Dirk Kuckling
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
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13
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Yuan P, Sun Y, Xu X, Luo Y, Hong M. Towards high-performance sustainable polymers via isomerization-driven irreversible ring-opening polymerization of five-membered thionolactones. Nat Chem 2022; 14:294-303. [PMID: 34824460 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of sustainable polymers that possess useful material properties competitive with existing petroleum-derived polymers is a crucial goal but remains a formidable challenge for polymer science. Here we demonstrate that irreversible ring-opening polymerization (IROP) of biomass-derived five-membered thionolactones is an effective and robust strategy for the polymerization of non-strained five-membered rings-these polymerizations are commonly thermodynamically forbidden under ambient conditions, at industrially relevant temperatures of 80-100 °C. Computational studies reveal that the selective IROP of these thionolactones is thermodynamically driven by S/O isomerization during the ring-opening process. IROP of γ-thionobutyrolactone, a representative non-strained thionolactone, affords a sustainable polymer from renewable resources that possesses external-stimuli-triggered degradability. This poly(thiolactone) also exhibits high performance, with its key thermal and mechanical properties comparing well to those of commercial petroleum-based low-density polyethylene. This IROP strategy will enable conversion of five-membered lactones, generally unachievable by other polymerization methods, into sustainable polymers with a range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Yu Z, Wang M, Chen X, Huang S, Yang H. Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization of a Macrobicyclic Olefin Bearing a Sacrificial Silyloxide Bridge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu Province 211189 China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu Province 211189 China
| | - Xu‐Man Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu Province 211189 China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu Province 211189 China
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu Province 211189 China
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15
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Illy N, Mongkhoun E. Thiolactone chemistry, a versatile platform for macromolecular engineering. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00731b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the extensive use of γ-thiolactone chemistry as a versatile and powerful tool for macromolecular engineering and the preparation of various polymer architectures, such as functional, alternating, or sequence-controlled (co)polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Illy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Emma Mongkhoun
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
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16
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Song B, Lu D, Qin A, Tang BZ. Combining Hydroxyl-Yne and Thiol-Ene Click Reactions to Facilely Access Sequence-Defined Macromolecules for High-Density Data Storage. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:1672-1680. [PMID: 34961318 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Through mimicking the synthesis of hereditary-information-containing nucleic acids, scientists are committed to synthesizing sequence-defined macromolecules. Herein, a protecting-group-free, metal-free, and atom-economical chemistry combining hydroxyl-yne and thiol-ene click reactions was developed to efficiently synthesize sequence-defined oligo(monothioacetals) (overall yield of 54% for an 11-step synthesis) from readily available starting compounds and monomers under ambient conditions. The sequences of linear oligo(monothioacetals) could be easily decoded via a tandem ESI-MS/MS technique, making them new kinds of digital macromolecules with a high data storage density (0.013 bit/Da). Moreover, star oligo(monothioacetals) could also be facilely generated through divergent and convergent strategies and their combination. An unprecedented sequence-defined miktoarm star oligo(monothioacetal) was obtained, which could serve as a new nonlinear digital macromolecule to achieve 2D information matrix encoding and hold great potential to be applied for information encryption, anticouterfeiting, secret communication, etc. Thus, this work provides a powerful stepwise iterative approach to facilely access sequence-defined linear and topological oligo(monothioacetals) for high-density data storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong 518172, People's Republic of China.,Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
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17
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Zhou H, Zhang F, Wang R, Lai WM, Xie S, Ren WM, Lu XB. Facile Access to Functionalized Poly(thioether)s via Anionic Ring-Opening Decarboxylative Polymerization of COS-Sourced α-Alkylidene Cyclic Thiocarbonates. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Wei-Ming Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
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18
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DeStefano A, Segalman RA, Davidson EC. Where Biology and Traditional Polymers Meet: The Potential of Associating Sequence-Defined Polymers for Materials Science. JACS AU 2021; 1:1556-1571. [PMID: 34723259 PMCID: PMC8549048 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymers with precisely defined monomeric sequences present an exquisite tool for controlling material properties by harnessing both the robustness of synthetic polymers and the ability to tailor the inter- and intramolecular interactions so crucial to many biological materials. While polymer scientists traditionally synthesized and studied the physics of long molecules best described by their statistical nature, many biological polymers derive their highly tailored functions from precisely controlled sequences. Therefore, significant effort has been applied toward developing new methods of synthesizing, characterizing, and understanding the physics of non-natural sequence-defined polymers. This perspective considers the synergistic advantages that can be achieved via tailoring both precise sequence control and attributes of traditional polymers in a single system. Here, we focus on the potential of sequence-defined polymers in highly associating systems, with a focus on the unique properties, such as enhanced proton conductivity, that can be attained by incorporating sequence. In particular, we examine these materials as key model systems for studying previously unresolvable questions in polymer physics including the role of chain shape near interfaces and how to tailor compatibilization between dissimilar polymer blocks. Finally, we discuss the critical challenges-in particular, truly scalable synthetic approaches, characterization and modeling tools, and robust control and understanding of assembly pathways-that must be overcome for sequence-defined polymers to attain their potential and achieve ubiquity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audra
J. DeStefano
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department
of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Emily C. Davidson
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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19
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Yu Z, Wang M, Chen XM, Huang S, Yang H. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of a Macrobicyclic Olefin Bearing a Sacrificial Silyloxide Bridge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112526. [PMID: 34693603 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) has been regarded as a powerful tool for sequence-controlled polymerization. However, the traditional entropy-driven ROMP of macrocyclic olefins suffers from the lack of ring strain and poor regioselectivity, whereas the relay-ring-closing metathesis polymerization inevitably brings some unnecessary auxiliary structure into each monomeric unit. We developed a macrobicyclic olefin system bearing a sacrificial silyloxide bridge on the α,β'-positions of the double bond as a new class of sequence-defined monomer for regioselective ROMP. The monomeric sequence information is implanted in the macro-ring, while the small ring, a 3-substituted cyclooctene structure with substantial ring tension, can provide not only narrow polydispersity, but also high regio-/stereospecificity. Besides, the silyloxide bridge can be sacrificially cleaved by desilylation and deoxygenation reactions to provide clean-structured, non-auxiliaried polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189, China
| | - Xu-Man Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189, China
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20
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Xu C, He C, Li N, Yang S, Du Y, Matyjaszewski K, Pan X. Regio- and sequence-controlled conjugated topological oligomers and polymers via boronate-tag assisted solution-phase strategy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5853. [PMID: 34615871 PMCID: PMC8494804 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of polymer topology and the precise control over the monomer sequence is crucial and challenging in polymer science. Herein, we report an efficient solution-phase synthetic strategy to prepare regio- and sequence-controlled conjugated polymers with topological variations via the usage of methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) boronates. Based on the solubility of MIDA boronates and their unusual binary affinity for silica gel, the synthesized regio- and sequence-defined conjugated oligomers can be rapidly purified via precipitation or automatic liquid chromatography. These synthesized discrete oligomers can be used for iterative exponential and sequential growth to obtain linear and dendrimer-like star polymers. Moreover, different topological sequence-controlled conjugated polymers are conveniently prepared from these discrete oligomers via condensation polymerization. By investigating the structure-property relationship of these polymers, we find that the optical properties are strongly influenced by the regiochemistry, which may give inspiration to the design of optoelectronic polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Congze He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shicheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuxuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States.
| | - Xiangcheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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21
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Li Z, Cai B, Yang W, Chen CL. Hierarchical Nanomaterials Assembled from Peptoids and Other Sequence-Defined Synthetic Polymers. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14031-14087. [PMID: 34342989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In nature, the self-assembly of sequence-specific biopolymers into hierarchical structures plays an essential role in the construction of functional biomaterials. To develop synthetic materials that can mimic and surpass the function of these natural counterparts, various sequence-defined bio- and biomimetic polymers have been developed and exploited as building blocks for hierarchical self-assembly. This review summarizes the recent advances in the molecular self-assembly of hierarchical nanomaterials based on peptoids (or poly-N-substituted glycines) and other sequence-defined synthetic polymers. Modern techniques to monitor the assembly mechanisms and characterize the physicochemical properties of these self-assembly systems are highlighted. In addition, discussions about their potential applications in biomedical sciences and renewable energy are also included. This review aims to highlight essential features of sequence-defined synthetic polymers (e.g., high stability and protein-like high-information content) and how these unique features enable the construction of robust biomimetic functional materials with high programmability and predictability, with an emphasis on peptoids and their self-assembled nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Li
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Wenchao Yang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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22
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23
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Soete M, Mertens C, Aksakal R, Badi N, Du Prez F. Sequence-Encoded Macromolecules with Increased Data Storage Capacity through a Thiol-Epoxy Reaction. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:616-622. [PMID: 35570768 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-encoded oligo(thioether urethane)s with two different coding monomers per backbone unit were prepared via a solid phase, two-step iterative protocol based on thiolactone chemistry. The first step of the synthetic cycle consists of the thiolactone ring opening with a primary amine, whereby the in situ released thiol is immediately reacted with an epoxide. In the second step, the thiolactone group is reinstalled to initiate the next cycle. This strategy allows to introduce two different coding monomers per synthetic cycle, rendering the resulting macromolecules especially attractive in the area of (macro)molecular data storage because of their increased data storage capacity. Subsequently, the efficiency of the herein reported synthesis route and the applicability of the dual-encoded sequence-defined macromolecules as a potential data storage platform have been demonstrated by unraveling the exact monomer order using tandem mass spectrometry techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Soete
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chiel Mertens
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Resat Aksakal
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nezha Badi
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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24
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Kurka DW, Niehues M, Kudruk S, Gerke V, Ravoo BJ. Polythiolactone-Decorated Silica Particles: A Versatile Approach for Surface Functionalization, Catalysis and Encapsulation. Chemistry 2021; 27:7667-7676. [PMID: 33788322 PMCID: PMC8252643 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The surface chemistry of colloidal silica has tremendous effects on its properties and applications. Commonly the design of silica particles is based on their de novo synthesis followed by surface functionalization leading to tailormade properties for a specific purpose. Here, the design of robust "precursor" polymer-decorated silica nano- and microparticles is demonstrated, which allows for easy post-modification by polymer embedded thiolactone chemistry. To obtain this organic-inorganic hybrid material, silica particles (SiO2 P) were functionalized via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) with poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA)-poly(thiolactone acrylamide (PThlAm) co-polymer brushes. Exploiting the versatility of thiolactone post-modification, a system was developed that could be used in three exemplary applications: 1) the straightforward molecular post-functionalization to tune the surface polarity, and therefore the dispersibility in various solvents; 2) the immobilization of metal nanoparticles into the polymer brushes via the in situ formation of free thiols that preserved catalytic activity in a model reaction; 3) the formation of redox-responsive, permeable polymer capsules by crosslinking the thiolactone moieties with cystamine dihydrochloride (CDH) followed by dissolution of the silica core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Werner Kurka
- Organic Chemistry Institute/Center for Soft NanoscienceWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149Münster
- Busso-Peus-Straße 1048149MünsterGermany
| | - Maximilian Niehues
- Organic Chemistry Institute/Center for Soft NanoscienceWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149Münster
- Busso-Peus-Straße 1048149MünsterGermany
| | - Sergej Kudruk
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of InflammationWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterVon-Esmarch-Straße 5648149 MünsterGermany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of InflammationWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterVon-Esmarch-Straße 5648149 MünsterGermany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute/Center for Soft NanoscienceWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149Münster
- Busso-Peus-Straße 1048149MünsterGermany
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25
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Hill SA, Steinfort R, Mücke S, Reifenberger J, Sengpiel T, Hartmann L. Exploring Cyclic Sulfamidate Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Sequence-Defined Macromolecules. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100193. [PMID: 33945179 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of sequence-defined macromolecules using cyclic sulfamidates on solid-phase is outlined. The challenges surrounding an AB+CD approach are described with focus on understanding the formation of ring-opened side products when using amide coupling reagents. To avoid undesired side product formation, a strategy of iterative ring-openings of cyclic sulfamidates on solid-phase is explored. Ring-opening on primary and secondary amines is successfully reported, generating both linear and branched chain growth. However, attempts to selectively cleave N-sulfate bearing sp3 -hybridized groups cannot be demonstrated, limiting the overall building block scope for this methodology. Consequently, the active ring-opening of cyclic sulfamidates on amine-functionalized oligo(amidoamine) backbones is successfully applied to produce sequence-defined, N-sulfated macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Andrew Hill
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Steinfort
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Mücke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Josefine Reifenberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Sengpiel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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26
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Ousaka N, Endo T. One-Pot Nonisocyanate Synthesis of Sequence-Controlled Poly(hydroxy urethane)s from a Bis(six-membered cyclic carbonate) and Two Different Diamines. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ousaka
- Molecular Engineering Institute, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Molecular Engineering Institute, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
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27
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Li Z, Ren X, Sun P, Ding H, Li S, Zhao Y, Zhang K. Protecting-Group-Free Iterative Exponential Growth Method for Synthesizing Sequence-Defined Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:223-230. [PMID: 35570782 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As a main synthetic strategy for monodisperse sequence-defined polymers, the known iterative exponential growth (IEG) methods were all developed on protecting-group chemistry, where the additional deprotection reactions increased their synthetic steps and decreased their atom economy. In this study, we developed a protecting-group-free IEG method for the formation of sequence-defined polymers by combining three orthogonal click reactions of copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), sulfur-fluoride exchange reaction (SuFEx), and Ugi four-component reaction (Ugi-4CR). In this approach, oligomer synthesis began with three parallel CuAAC, SuFEx, and Ugi-4CR couplings among three monomers each with two orthogonal clickable end groups. By iteratively applying parallel CuAAC, SuFEx, and Ugi-4CR to couple three resultant oligomers, each having two orthogonal clickable terminals, this approach could exponentially grow three different sequence-defined polymers simultaneously with high efficiency, requiring no protecting-group chemistry. Additionally, each Ugi-4CR coupling reaction could introduce two external side groups to provide the molecular variation and side-chain functionalization for the resultant sequence-defined polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shumu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Zhu Y, Tao Y. Sequence-controlled and sequence-defined polypeptoids via the Ugi reaction: synthesis and sequence-driven properties. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00658d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ugi reaction offers opportunities to facilely access unprecedented sequence control and sequence-driven properties in polypeptoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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29
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Hill SA, Steinfort R, Hartmann L. Progress, challenges and future directions of heterocycles as building blocks in iterative methodologies towards sequence-defined oligomers and polymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00425e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic building blocks for iterative methodologies leading to sequence-defined oligomers and polymers are reviewed. Solid- as well as solution-phase methods, challenges surrounding these systems and potential future directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Hill
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Robert Steinfort
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
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30
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Wang X, Zhang X, Wang Y, Ding S. IrAAC-based construction of dual sequence-defined polytriazoles. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00718a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
One novel dual sequence-defined polytriazole structure was facilely achieved through an IrAAC-based iterative sequential growth strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yong Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen
- Beishan Industrial Zone
- Shenzhen 518083
- China
| | - Shengtao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
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31
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Li C, Han L, Chen X, Bao X, Sun Q, Ma H, Li Y. Regulation of tectonic sequences in chain-folding-directed monodisperse isomeric oligomers precisely tailored by Ugi-hydrosilylation orthogonal cycles. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00416f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Monodisperse discrete oligomers with a tailored sequence of linkages within their backbones, which has been defined as a tectonic sequence, were precisely constructed through Ugi-4CRs coupled to hydrosilylation orthogonal cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Xiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Xinyu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Hongwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
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32
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Mertens C, Aksakal R, Badi N, Du Prez FE. Sequence-defined oligoampholytes using hydrolytically stable vinyl sulfonamides: design and UCST behaviour. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00662b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Water soluble sequence-defined oligoampholytes with precisely positioned charges were synthesised via an iterative solid-phase synthesis protocol using vinyl sulfonamide and acrylate building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiel Mertens
- Polymer Chemistry Research group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Resat Aksakal
- Polymer Chemistry Research group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Nezha Badi
- Polymer Chemistry Research group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
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33
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Reading mixtures of uniform sequence-defined macromolecules to increase data storage capacity. Commun Chem 2020; 3:184. [PMID: 36703345 PMCID: PMC9814948 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the field of molecular data storage has emerged from a niche to a vibrant research topic. Herein, we describe a simultaneous and automated read-out of data stored in mixtures of sequence-defined oligomers. Therefore, twelve different sequence-defined tetramers and three hexamers with different mass markers and side chains are successfully synthesised via iterative Passerini three-component reactions and subsequent deprotection steps. By programming a straightforward python script for ESI-MS/MS analysis, it is possible to automatically sequence and thus read-out the information stored in these oligomers within one second. Most importantly, we demonstrate that the use of mass-markers as starting compounds eases MS/MS data interpretation and furthermore allows the unambiguous reading of sequences of mixtures of sequence-defined oligomers. Thus, high data storage capacity considering the field of synthetic macromolecules (up to 64.5 bit in our examples) can be obtained without the need of synthesizing long sequences, but by mixing and simultaneously analysing shorter sequence-defined oligomers.
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34
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Nanjan P, Jose A, Thurakkal L, Porel M. Sequence-Defined Dithiocarbamate Oligomers via a Scalable, Support-free, Iterative Strategy. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pandurangan Nanjan
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678577, India
| | - Anna Jose
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678577, India
| | - Liya Thurakkal
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678577, India
| | - Mintu Porel
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678577, India
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35
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Zard SZ. Discovery of the RAFT/MADIX Process: Mechanistic Insights and Polymer Chemistry Implications. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Associé au CNRS, UMR 7652, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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36
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Berg MT, Mertens C, Du Prez F, Kühne TD, Herberg A, Kuckling D. Analysis of sequence-defined oligomers through Advanced Polymer Chromatography™ - mass spectrometry hyphenation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:35245-35252. [PMID: 35515639 PMCID: PMC9056843 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06419j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, sequence-defined oligomers have attracted increasing interest in the polymer community and the number of new applications such as macromolecular data storage and encryption is increasing. However, techniques allowing sequence differentiation are still lacking. In this study, the focus is put towards a new strategy allowing structural distinction between sequence-defined oligomers with identical molecular weight and composition, but bearing different sequences. This technique relies on the hyphenation of size exclusion chromatography and mass spectrometry, coupled with ion mobility separation. This approach allows for a quick and easy separation and identification of oligomers with different length and/or sequence. The hyphenation of SEC and MS coupled with IMS allows for a quick and easy separation and identification of oligomers with different length and/or sequence.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Theres Berg
- Paderborn University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry Warburger Straße 100 33098 Paderborn NRW Germany
| | - Chiel Mertens
- Ghent University, Centre of Macromolecular Research (CMaC), Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Krijgslaan 281, S4bis B-9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Filip Du Prez
- Ghent University, Centre of Macromolecular Research (CMaC), Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Krijgslaan 281, S4bis B-9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Thomas D Kühne
- Paderborn University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry Warburger Straße 100 33098 Paderborn NRW Germany
| | - Artjom Herberg
- Paderborn University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry Warburger Straße 100 33098 Paderborn NRW Germany
| | - Dirk Kuckling
- Paderborn University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry Warburger Straße 100 33098 Paderborn NRW Germany
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37
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Elacqua E, Koehler SJ, Hu J. Electronically Governed ROMP: Expanding Sequence Control for Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the primary sequence of synthetic polymers remains a grand challenge in chemistry. A variety of methods that exert control over monomer sequence have been realized wherein differential reactivity, pre-organization, and stimuli-response have been key factors in programming sequence. Whereas much has been established in nonconjugated systems, π-extended frameworks remain systems wherein subtle structural changes influence bulk properties. The recent introduction of electronically biased ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) extends the repertoire of feasible approaches to prescribe donor–acceptor sequences in conjugated polymers, by enabling a system to achieve both low dispersity and controlled polymer sequences. Herein, we discuss recent advances in obtaining well-defined (i.e., low dispersity) polymers featuring donor–acceptor sequence control, and present our design of an electronically ambiguous (4-methoxy-1-(2-ethylhexyloxy) and benzothiadiazole-(donor–acceptor-)based [2.2]paracyclophanediene monomer that undergoes electronically dictated ROMP. The resultant donor–acceptor polymers were well-defined (Đ = 1.2, Mn > 20 k) and exhibited lower energy excitation and emission in comparison to ‘sequence-ill-defined’ polymers. Electronically driven ROMP expands on prior synthetic methods to attain sequence control, while providing a promising platform for further interrogation of polymer sequence and resultant properties.1 Introduction to Sequence Control2 Sequence Control in Polymers3 Multistep-Synthesis-Driven Sequence Control4 Catalyst-Dictated Sequence Control5 Electronically Governed Sequence Control6 Conclusions
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38
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Geminal Dimethyl Substitution Enables Controlled Polymerization of Penicillamine-Derived β-Thiolactones and Reversed Depolymerization. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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39
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Wetzel KS, Frölich M, Solleder SC, Nickisch R, Treu P, Meier MAR. Dual sequence definition increases the data storage capacity of sequence-defined macromolecules. Commun Chem 2020; 3:63. [PMID: 36703457 PMCID: PMC9814518 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-0308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequence-defined macromolecules offer applications in the field of data storage. Challenges include synthesising precise and pure sequences, reading stored information and increasing data storage capacity. Herein, the synthesis of dual sequence-defined oligomers and their application for data storage is demonstrated. While applying the well-established Passerini three-component reaction, the degree of definition of the prepared monodisperse macromolecules is improved compared to previous reports by utilising nine specifically designed isocyanide monomers to introduce backbone definition. The monomers are combined with various aldehyde components to synthesise dual-sequence defined oligomers. Thus, the side chains and the backbones of these macromolecules can be varied independently, exhibiting increased molecular diversity and hence data storage capacity per repeat unit. In case of a dual sequence-defined pentamer, 33 bits are achieved in a single molecule. The oligomers are obtained in multigram scale and excellent purity. Sequential read-out by tandem ESI-MS/MS verifies the high data storage capacity of the prepared oligomers per repeat unit in comparison to other sequence defined macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina S. Wetzel
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maximiliane Frölich
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Susanne C. Solleder
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Roman Nickisch
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Philipp Treu
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany ,grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems—Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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40
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Hoff EA, De Hoe GX, Mulvaney CM, Hillmyer MA, Alabi CA. Thiol-Ene Networks from Sequence-Defined Polyurethane Macromers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6729-6736. [PMID: 32202773 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To date, scalability limitations have hindered the exploration and application of sequence-defined polymers in areas such as synthetic plastics, fibers, rubbers, coatings, and composites. Additionally, the impact of sequence on the properties of cross-linked networks remains largely unknown. To address the need for synthetic methods to generate sequence-defined materials in gram quantities, we developed a strategy involving inexpensive and readily functional vanillin-based monomers to assemble sequence-defined polyurethane oligomers via sequential reductive amination and carbamation. Three oligomers were synthesized with monomer sequence precisely dictated by the placement of reactive side chains during the reductive amination reaction. Avoiding excessive chromatographic purification and solid- or liquid-phase supports enabled synthesis of sequence-defined oligomers on the gram-scale. Remarkably, sequence was shown to influence network topology upon cross-linking, as evidenced by sequence-dependent rubbery moduli values. This work provides one of the first examples of a scalable synthetic route toward sequence-defined thermosets that exhibit sequence-dependent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Hoff
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14835, United States
| | - Guilhem X De Hoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Christopher M Mulvaney
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14835, United States
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Christopher A Alabi
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14835, United States
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41
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Zhuang J, Zhao B, Meng X, Schiffman JD, Perry SL, Vachet RW, Thayumanavan S. A programmable chemical switch based on triggerable Michael acceptors. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2103-2111. [PMID: 34123298 PMCID: PMC8150097 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05841a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing an engineerable chemical reaction that is triggerable for simultaneous chemical bond formation and cleavage by external cues offers tunability and orthogonality which is highly desired in many biological and materials applications. Here, we present a chemical switch that concurrently captures these features in response to chemically and biologically abundant and important cues, viz., thiols and amines. This thiol/amine-triggerable chemical switch is based on a Triggerable Michael Acceptor (TMAc) which bears good leaving groups at its β-position. The acceptor undergoes a "trigger-to-release" process where thiol/amine addition triggers cascaded release of leaving groups and generates a less activated acceptor. The newly generated TMAc can be further reversed to liberate the original thiol/amine by a second nucleophile trigger through a "trigger-to-reverse" process. Within the small molecular volume of the switch, we have shown five locations that can be engineered to achieve tunable "trigger-to-release" kinetics and tailored reversibility. The potential of the engineerable bonding/debonding capability of the chemical switch is demonstrated by applications in cysteine-selective and reversible protein modification, universal self-immolative linkers, and orthogonally addressable hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Xiangxi Meng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Jessica D Schiffman
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Sarah L Perry
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Richard W Vachet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - S Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
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42
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Ślęczkowski ML, Segers I, Liu Y, Palmans ARA. Sequence-defined l-glutamamide oligomers with pendant supramolecular motifs via iterative synthesis and orthogonal post-functionalization. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01157f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the great challenges in polymer chemistry is to achieve discrete and sequence-defined synthetic polymers that fold in defined conformations and form well-defined three-dimensional structured particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin L. Ślęczkowski
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry
| | - Ian Segers
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Yiliu Liu
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry
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43
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Mertens C, Soete M, Ślęczkowski ML, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW, Badi N, Du Prez FE. Stereocontrolled, multi-functional sequence-defined oligomers through automated synthesis. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00645a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, stereocontrolled sequence-defined oligomers were prepared using an automated thiolactone-based platform that allows post-synthesis functionalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiel Mertens
- Polymer Chemistry Research group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Matthieu Soete
- Polymer Chemistry Research group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Marcin L. Ślęczkowski
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Nezha Badi
- Polymer Chemistry Research group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of sciences
- Ghent University
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44
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Xu J. Single Unit Monomer Insertion: A Versatile Platform for Molecular Engineering through Radical Addition Reactions and Polymerization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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45
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Synthesis of sequence-controlled polymers via sequential multicomponent reactions and interconvertible hybrid copolymerizations. Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-019-0266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Ahn SH, Grate JW. Foldamer Architectures of Triazine-Based Sequence-Defined Polymers Investigated with Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Enhanced Sampling Methods. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:9364-9377. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surl-Hee Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jay W. Grate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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47
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Ding K, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Liu B, Shi Q, Hu L, Zhou N, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Easily encodable/decodable digital polymers linked by dithiosuccinimide motif. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Elling BR, Su JK, Feist JD, Xia Y. Precise Placement of Single Monomer Units in Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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49
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Zhang W, Liu Y, Huang J, Liu T, Xu W, Cheng SZD, Dong XH. Engineering self-assembly of giant molecules in the condensed state based on molecular nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:7108-7116. [PMID: 31482930 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01502g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In biological systems, it is well-known that the activities and functions of biomacromolecules are dictated not only by their primary chemistries, but also by their secondary, tertiary, and quaternary hierarchical structures. Achieving control of similar levels in synthetic macromolecules is yet to be demonstrated. Most of the critical molecular parameters associated with molecular and hierarchical structures, such as size, composition, topology, sequence, and stereochemistry, are heterogenous, which impedes the exploration and understanding of structure formation and manipulation. Alternatively, in the past few years we have developed a unique giant molecule system based on molecular nanoparticles, in which the above-mentioned molecular parameters, as well as interactions, are precisely defined and controlled. These molecules could self-assemble into a myriad of unconventional and unique structures in the bulk, thin films, and solution. Giant molecules thus offer a robust platform to manipulate the hierarchical structures via precise and modular assemblies of building blocks in an amplified size level compared with small molecules. It has been found that they are not only scientifically intriguing, but also technologically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
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50
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Celasun S, Maron E, Börner HG. Peptide‐Assisted Design of Precision Polymer Sequences: On the Relevance of the Side‐Chain Sequences and the Variability of the Backbone. Macromol Biosci 2019; 20:e1900244. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sensu Celasun
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional SystemsDepartment of ChemistryHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Brook‐Taylor‐Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Eva Maron
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional SystemsDepartment of ChemistryHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Brook‐Taylor‐Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Hans G. Börner
- Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional SystemsDepartment of ChemistryHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Brook‐Taylor‐Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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