1
|
Li S, Shiri F, Xu G, Yiu SM, Lee HK, Ng TH, Lin Z, Lu Z. Reactivity of a Hexaaryldiboron(6) Dianion as Boryl Radical Anions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17348-17354. [PMID: 38864188 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Our study unveils a novel approach to accessing boryl radicals through the spontaneous homolytic cleavage of B-B bonds. We synthesized a hexaaryl-substituted diboron(6) dianion, 1, via the reductive B-B coupling of 9-borafluorene. Intriguingly, compound 1 exhibits the ability to undergo homolytic B-B bond cleavage, leading to the formation of boryl radical anions, as confirmed by EPR studies, in the presence of the 2.2.2-cryptand at room temperature. Moreover, it directly reacts with diphenylacetylene, producing an unprecedented 1,6-diborylated allene species, where the phenyl ring is dearomatized. Density functional theory computational studies suggest that homolytic B-B bond cleavage is favored in the reaction path, and the formation of the boryl radical anion is crucial for dearomatization. Additionally, it achieves the dearomative diborylation of anthracene and the activation of elemental sulfur/selenium under mild conditions. The borylation products have been successfully characterized by NMR spectra, HRMS, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuchang Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Farshad Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Gan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hung Kay Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Tik Hong Ng
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhenpin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chan K, Ying F, He D, Yang L, Zhao Y, Xie J, Su JH, Wu B, Yang XJ. One-Electron (2c/1e) Tin···Tin Bond Stabilized by ortho-Phenylenediamido Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2333-2338. [PMID: 38241610 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Odd-electron bonds, i.e., the two-center, three-electron (2c/3e), or one-electron (2c/1e) bonds, have attracted tremendous interest owing to their novel bonding nature and radical properties. Herein, complex [K(THF)6][LSn:···Sn:L] (1), featuring the first and unsupported 2c/1e Sn···Sn σ-bond with a long distance (3.2155(9) Å), was synthesized by reduction of stannylene [LSn:] (L = N,N-dpp-o-phenylene diamide) with KC8. The one-electron Sn-Sn bond in 1 was confirmed by the crystal structure, DFT calculations, EPR spectroscopy, and reactivity studies. This compound can be viewed as a stabilized radical by delocalizing to two metal centers and can readily mediate radical reactions such as C-C coupling of benzaldehyde.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyip Chan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Fei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Dongyu He
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ji-Hu Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Echeverría J, Alvarez S. The borderless world of chemical bonding across the van der Waals crust and the valence region. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11647-11688. [PMID: 37920358 PMCID: PMC10619631 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02238b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The definition of the van der Waals crust as the spherical section between the atomic radius and the van der Waals radius of an element is discussed and a survey of the application of the penetration index between two interacting atoms in a wide variety of covalent, polar, coordinative or noncovalent bonding situations is presented. It is shown that this newly defined parameter permits the comparison of bonding between pairs of atoms in structural and computational studies independently of the atom sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Echeverría
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catalisis Homogénea (ISQCH) and Departmento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Santiago Alvarez
- Department de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, e Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 -Barcelona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu X, Heinz M, Wang J, Tan L, Holthausen MC, Ye Q. A Journey from Benzoborirene to Benzoborole-Supported 1,2-Diimine and Antiaromatic Borolediide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202312608. [PMID: 37758684 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of benzoborirene with one equivalent of isocyanides leads to benzene-fused boretes bearing one imine function, while the reaction with two equivalents of isocyanide affords 2,3-dihydro-2,3-diiminoboroles with perfect regioselectivity. The isocyanide double insertion products represent a novel type of 1,2-diimine with a benzoborole backbone. The reduction chemistry of the benzoborole-supported 1,2-diimine was investigated. Single- and two-electron reduction allow for the isolation and full characterization of a radical anion and a dianion, respectively. In stark contrast to the ordinary boroles, which should turn aromatic by accepting two electrons, the antiaromatic character of the benzoborole backbone is highlighted upon reduction, thus presenting a rare example of antiaromatic borole dianion. Detailed quantum chemical calculations provide a rationale for the observed regioselectivity and the electronic structure of the reduced borole diimine species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510000, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Myron Heinz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Leibo Tan
- Institute für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Max C Holthausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Qing Ye
- Institute für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nazish M, Legendre CM, Ding Y, Schluschaß B, Schwederski B, Herbst-Irmer R, Parvathy P, Parameswaran P, Stalke D, Kaim W, Roesky HW. A Neutral Borylene and its Conversion to a Radical by Selective Hydrogen Transfer. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37294916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A successful selective reduction of X2B-Tip (Tip = 1,3,5-iPr3-C6H2, X = I, Br) with KC8 and Mg metal, respectively, in the presence of a hybrid ligand (C6H4(PPh2)LSi) leads to a stable low-valent five-membered ring as a boryl radical [C6H4(PPh2)LSiBTip][Br] (1) and neutral borylene [C6H4(PPh2)LSiBTip] (2). Compound 2 reacts with 1,4-cyclohexadiene, resulting in hydrogen abstraction to afford the radical [C6H4(PPh2)LSiB(H)Tip] (3). Quantum chemical studies reveal that compound 1 is a B-centered radical, and compound 2 is a phosphane and silylene stabilized neutral borylene in a trigonal planar environment, whereas compound 3 is an amidinate-centered radical. Although compounds 1 and 2 are stabilized by hyperconjugation and π-conjugation, they display high H-abstraction energy and basicity, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nazish
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christina M Legendre
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yi Ding
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bastian Schluschaß
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schwederski
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Parameswaran Parvathy
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala 673601, India
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala 673601, India
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kaim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prey SE, Gilmer J, Teichmann SV, Čaić L, Wenisch M, Bolte M, Virovets A, Lerner HW, Fantuzzi F, Wagner M. Synthesis, bridgehead functionalization, and photoisomerization of 9,10-diboratatriptycene dianions. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5316-5322. [PMID: 37234897 PMCID: PMC10207881 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00555k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
9,10-Diboratatriptycene salts M2[RB(μ-C6H4)3BR] (R = H, Me; M+ = Li+, K+, [n-Bu4N]+) have been synthesized via [4 + 2] cycloaddition between doubly reduced 9,10-dihydro-9,10-diboraanthracenes M2[DBA] and benzyne, generated in situ from C6H5F and C6H5Li or LiN(i-Pr)2. [HB(μ-C6H4)3BH]2- reacts with CH2Cl2 to form quantitatively the bridgehead-derivatized [ClB(μ-C6H4)3BCl]2-, while twofold H- abstraction with B(C6F5)3 in the presence of SMe2 leads cleanly to the diadduct (Me2S)B(μ-C6H4)3B(SMe2). Photoisomerization of K2[HB(μ-C6H4)3BH] (THF, medium-pressure Hg lamp) provides facile access to diborabenzo[a]fluoranthenes, a little explored form of boron-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. According to DFT calculations, the underlying reaction mechanism consists of three main steps: (i) photoinduced di-π-borate rearrangement, (ii) "walk reaction" of a BH unit, and (iii) boryl anion-like C-H activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven E Prey
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jannik Gilmer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Samira V Teichmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Luis Čaić
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Mischa Wenisch
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Alexander Virovets
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent Park Wood Rd Canterbury CT2 7NH UK
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu TT, Chen J, Chen XL, Ma L, Guan BT, Lin Z, Shi ZJ. Neutral Boryl Radicals in Mixed-Valent B (III) Br-B (II) Adducts. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202634. [PMID: 36217568 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The general strategies to stabilize a boryl radical involve single electron delocalization by π-system and the steric hinderance from bulky groups. Herein, a new class of boryl radicals is reported, with intramolecular mixed-valent B(III) Br-B(II) adducts ligated by a cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC). The radicals feature a large spin density on the boron center, which is ascertained by EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Structural and computational analyses revealed that the stability of radical species was assisted by the CAAC ligand and a weak but significant B(III)Br-B(II) interaction, suggesting a cooperative avenue for stabilization of boryl radicals. Two-electron reduction of these new boryl radicals provides C-H insertion products via a borylene intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Tong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Lei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Tao Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhang-Jie Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Krebs J, Häfner A, Fuchs S, Guo X, Rauch F, Eichhorn A, Krummenacher I, Friedrich A, Ji L, Finze M, Lin Z, Braunschweig H, Marder TB. Backbone-controlled LUMO energy induces intramolecular C-H activation in ortho-bis-9-borafluorene-substituted phenyl and o-carboranyl compounds leading to novel 9,10-diboraanthracene derivatives. Chem Sci 2022; 13:14165-14178. [PMID: 36540825 PMCID: PMC9728567 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06057d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The choice of backbone linker for two ortho-bis-(9-borafluorene)s has a great influence on the LUMO located at the boron centers and, therefore, the reactivity of the respective compounds. Herein, we report the room temperature rearrangement of 1,2-bis-(9-borafluorenyl)-ortho-carborane, C2B10H10-1,2-[B(C12H8)]2 ([2a]) featuring o-carborane as the inorganic three-dimensional backbone and the synthesis of 1,2-bis-(9-borafluorenyl)benzene, C6H4-1,2-[B(C12H8)]2 (2b), its phenylene analog. DFT calculations on the transition state for the rearrangement support an intramolecular C-H bond activation process via an SEAr-like mechanism in [2a], and predicted that the same rearrangement would take place in 2b, but at elevated temperatures, which indeed proved to be the case. The rearrangement gives access to 3a and 3b as dibora-benzo[a]fluoroanthene isomers, a form of diboron polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that had yet to be explored. The isolated compounds 2b, 3a, and 3b were fully characterized by NMR, HRMS, cyclic voltammetry (CV), single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and photophysical measurements, supported by DFT and TD-DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Krebs
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alena Häfner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Sonja Fuchs
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Xueying Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
| | - Florian Rauch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Antonius Eichhorn
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li HJ, Feng R, Shi X, Wei J, Xi Z. Synthesis and isolation of dinuclear N,C-chelate organoboron compounds bridged by neutral, anionic, and dianionic 4,4'-bipyridine via reductive coupling of pyridines. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:15696-15702. [PMID: 36173201 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02650c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of Bppy(Mes)2 (BN1; ppy = 2-phenylpyridine) and BCH2ppy(Mes)2 (BN3) with the reducing reagent KC8 resulted in C-C bond formation via intermolecular radical coupling to generate the 4,4'-bipyridyl ligand compounds BN2 and BN4. Adding 1 equivalent of KC8 to a THF solution of BN2 and BN4 generated the 4,4'-bipyridyl radical anions BN2K and BN4K. The dianion species BN2K2 and BN4K2 could be obtained by adding 2 equivalents of KC8 to the THF solution of BN2 and BN4. In the presence of 2,2,2-cryptand or 18-crown-6, the radical anion salt BN2K(crypt) and the dianion salt BN2K2(18c6)2 were isolated for single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Structural, spectroscopic, and computational studies were performed on the three species of BN2 derivatives (neutral, radical anion, and dianion species). BN2 and BN4 were stable and did not undergo photoisomerization or photoelimination under UV light irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Rui Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xianghui Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Soleimani M. Cyclo-, Closo- and hypercloso-aminoboranes; B-B bonding, 3D-aromaticity, stability and NICS values. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Jia X, Nitsch J, Wu Z, Friedrich A, Krebs J, Krummenacher I, Fantuzzi F, Braunschweig H, Moos M, Lambert C, Engels B, Marder TB. One- and two-electron reduction of triarylborane-based helical donor-acceptor compounds. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11864-11872. [PMID: 34659727 PMCID: PMC8442707 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02409d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One-electron chemical reduction of 10-(dimesitylboryl)-N,N-di-p-tolylbenzo[c]phenanthrene-4-amine (3-B(Mes)2-[4]helix-9-N(p-Tol)2) 1 and 13-(dimesitylboryl)-N,N-di-p-tolyldibenzo[c,g]phenanthrene-8-amine (3-B(Mes)2-[5]helix-12-N(p-Tol)2) 2 gives rise to monoanions with extensive delocalization over the annulated helicene rings and the boron p z orbital. Two-electron chemical reduction of 1 and 2 produces open-shell biradicaloid dianions with temperature-dependent population of the triplet states due to small singlet-triplet gaps. These results have been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, EPR and UV/vis-NIR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqing Jia
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Johannes Krebs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Budy H, Kaese T, Bolte M, Lerner H, Wagner M. A Chemiluminescent Tetraaryl Diborane(4) Tetraanion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19397-19405. [PMID: 34161639 PMCID: PMC8456833 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two subvalent, redox-active diborane(4) anions, [3]4- and [3]2- , carrying exceptionally high negative charge densities are reported: Reduction of 9-methoxy-9-borafluorene with Li granules without stirring leads to the crystallization of the B(sp3 )-B(sp2 ) diborane(5) anion salt Li[5]. [5]- contains a 2,2'-biphenyldiyl-bridged B-B core, a chelating 2,2'-biphenyldiyl moiety, and a MeO substituent. Reduction of Li[5] with Na metal gives the Na+ salt of the tetraanion [3]4- in which two doubly reduced 9-borafluorenyl fragments are linked via a B-B single bond. Comproportionation of Li[5] and Na4 [3] quantitatively furnishes the diborane(4) dianion salt Na2 [3], the doubly boron-doped congener of 9,9'-bis(fluorenylidene). Under acid catalysis, Na2 [3] undergoes a formal Stone-Wales rearrangement to yield a dibenzo[g,p]chrysene derivative with B=B core. Na2 [3] shows boron-centered nucleophilicity toward n-butyl chloride. Na4 [3] produces bright blue chemiluminescence when exposed to air.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Budy
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGoethe-Universität FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Strasse 760438Frankfurt (Main)Germany
| | - Thomas Kaese
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGoethe-Universität FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Strasse 760438Frankfurt (Main)Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGoethe-Universität FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Strasse 760438Frankfurt (Main)Germany
| | - Hans‐Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGoethe-Universität FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Strasse 760438Frankfurt (Main)Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGoethe-Universität FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Strasse 760438Frankfurt (Main)Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Budy H, Kaese T, Bolte M, Lerner H, Wagner M. A Chemiluminescent Tetraaryl Diborane(4) Tetraanion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Budy
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Thomas Kaese
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Hans‐Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Su X, Bartholome TA, Tidwell JR, Pujol A, Yruegas S, Martinez JJ, Martin CD. 9-Borafluorenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Reactivity. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4147-4192. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Su
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Tyler A. Bartholome
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - John R. Tidwell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Alba Pujol
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Sam Yruegas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Jesse J. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Caleb D. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen C, Hu ZB, Ruan H, Zhao Y, Zhang YQ, Tan G, Song Y, Wang X. Tuning the Single-Molecule Magnetism of Dysprosium Complexes by a Redox-Noninnocent Diborane Ligand. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhao-Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi-Quan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for NSLSCS, School of Physical Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - You Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mierzwa G, Gordon AJ, Berski S. The nature of the triple B B, double, B B, single, B–B, and one-electron, B.B boron-boron bonds from the topological analysis of electron localisation function (ELF) perspective. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
17
|
He J, Rauch F, Finze M, Marder TB. (Hetero)arene-fused boroles: a broad spectrum of applications. Chem Sci 2020; 12:128-147. [PMID: 34163585 PMCID: PMC8178973 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05676f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
(Hetero)arene-fused boroles are a class of compounds containing a 5-membered boron diene-ring. Based on their molecular framework, the (hetero)arene-fused boroles can be considered as boron-doped polycyclic antiaromatic hydrocarbons and are thus of great interest. Due to the vacant pz orbital on the 3-coordinate boron atom, the antiaromaticity and strain of the 5-membered borole ring, (hetero)arene-fused boroles possess strong electron accepting abilities and Lewis acidity. By functionalization, they can be tuned to optimize different properties for specific applications. Herein, we summarize synthetic methodologies, different strategies for their functionalization, and applications of (hetero)arene-fused boroles. (Hetero)arene-fused boroles, ‘antiaromatic’ 2n-electron π-systems, more stable and more functionalizable than boroles, offer greater potential for a variety of applications.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang He
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Florian Rauch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Budy H, Gilmer J, Trageser T, Wagner M. Anionic Organoboranes: Delicate Flowers Worth Caring for. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Budy
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt Max‐von‐Laue‐Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Jannik Gilmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt Max‐von‐Laue‐Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Timo Trageser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt Max‐von‐Laue‐Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt Max‐von‐Laue‐Str. 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang W, Zhang L, Xiao D, Feng R, Wang W, Pan S, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Frenking G, Wang X. A diradical based on odd-electron σ-bonds. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3441. [PMID: 32651366 PMCID: PMC7351710 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of odd-electron σ–bond was first proposed by Linus Pauling. Species containing such a bond have been recognized as important intermediates encountered in many fields. A number of radicals with a one-electron or three-electron σ-bond have been isolated, however, no example of a diradical based odd-electron σ-bonds has been reported. So far all stable diradicals are based on two s/p-localized or π-delocalized unpaired electrons (radicals). Here, we report a dication diradical that is based on two Se∴Se three-electron σ–bonds. In contrast, the dication of sulfur analogue does not display diradical character but exhibits a closed-shell singlet. Stable diradicals are generally based on two s/p-localized or π-delocalized unpaired electrons (radicals). Here, the authors report a dication diradical that is based on two Se∴Se three-electron σ-bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Center of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Dengmengfei Xiao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China. .,Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, D-35032, Germany.
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Scholz AS, Massoth JG, Bursch M, Mewes JM, Hetzke T, Wolf B, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Grimme S, Wagner M. BNB-Doped Phenalenyls: Modular Synthesis, Optoelectronic Properties, and One-Electron Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11072-11083. [PMID: 32464052 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A highly modular synthesis of BNB- and BOB-doped phenalenyls is presented. Treatment of the 1,8-naphthalenediyl-bridged boronic acid anhydride 1 with LiAlH4/Me3SiCl afforded the corresponding 1,8-naphthalenediyl-supported diborane(6) 2, which served as the starting material for all subsequent transformations. Upon addition of MesMgBr/Me3SiCl, 2 was readily converted to the tetraorganyl diborane(6) 5. The further heteroatoms were finally introduced through the reaction of 2 with (Me3Si)2NR' or 5 with H2NR' or H2O (R' = H, Me, p-Tol). A helically twisted, fully BNB-embedded PAH 11 was prepared by combining 2 with a dibrominated m-terphenylamine, followed by a Grignard-mediated double ring-closure reaction. All compounds devoid of B-H bonds show favorable optoelectronic properties, such as luminescence and reversible reduction behavior. In the case of the BNB-phenalenyl 7 (BMes, NMe), the radical-anion salt K[7•] was generated through chemical reduction with K metal and characterized by EPR spectroscopy. K[7•] is not long-term stable in a THF/c-hexane solution, but abstracts an H atom with formation of the diamagnetic BNB-doped 1H-phenalene K[7H].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Scholz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julian G Massoth
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Bursch
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan-M Mewes
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thilo Hetzke
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernd Wolf
- Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Trageser T, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Wagner M. B-B Bond Nucleophilicity in a Tetraaryl μ-Hydridodiborane(4) Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7726-7731. [PMID: 32058652 PMCID: PMC7317828 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The tetraaryl μ‐hydridodiborane(4) anion [2H]− possesses nucleophilic B−B and B−H bonds. Treatment of K[2H] with the electrophilic 9‐H‐9‐borafluorene (HBFlu) furnishes the B3 cluster K[3], with a triangular boron core linked through two BHB two‐electron, three‐center bonds and one electron‐precise B−B bond, reminiscent of the prominent [B3H8]− anion. Upon heating or prolonged stirring at room temperature, K[3] rearranges to a slightly more stable isomer K[3 a]. The reaction of M[2H] (M+=Li+, K+) with MeI or Me3SiCl leads to equimolar amounts of 9‐R‐9‐borafluorene and HBFlu (R=Me or Me3Si). Thus, [2H]− behaves as a masked [:BFlu]− nucleophile. The HBFlu by‐product was used in situ to establish a tandem substitution‐hydroboration reaction: a 1:1 mixture of M[2H] and allyl bromide gave the 1,3‐propylene‐linked ditopic 9‐borafluorene 5 as sole product. M[2H] also participates in unprecedented [4+1] cycloadditions with dienes to furnish dialkyl diaryl spiroborates, M[R2BFlu].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Trageser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Feng Z, Fang Y, Ruan H, Zhao Y, Tan G, Wang X. Stable Radical Cation and Dication of an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Stabilized Digallene: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Feng Z, Fang Y, Ruan H, Zhao Y, Tan G, Wang X. Stable Radical Cation and Dication of an N-Heterocyclic Carbene Stabilized Digallene: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6769-6774. [PMID: 31994317 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
One- and two-electron oxidation of a digallene stabilized by an N-heterocyclic carbene afforded the first stable gallium-based radical cation and dication salts, respectively. Structural analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that the oxidation occurs at the Ga=Ga double bond, leading to removal of π electrons of the double bond and a decrease of the bond order. The spin density of the radical cation mainly locates at the two gallium centers as demonstrated by EPR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Moreover, the reactivity of the radical cation salt toward nBu3 SnH and cyclo-S8 was studied; a digallium-hydride cation salt containing a Ga-Ga single bond and a gallium sulfide cluster bearing an unprecedented ladder-like Ga4 S4 core structure were obtained, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Trageser T, Bolte M, Lerner H, Wagner M. B−B Bond Nucleophilicity in a Tetraaryl μ‐Hydridodiborane(4) Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Trageser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Hans‐Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mó O, Montero-Campillo MM, Yáñez M, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Are Anions of Cyclobutane Beryllium Derivatives Stabilized through Four-Center One-Electron Bonds? J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1515-1521. [PMID: 31962049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-level G4 ab initio calculations allowed us to show that C4H4(BeX)4 (X = H, Cl) derivatives behave as rather efficient electron capturers due to their ability to trap the extra electron through the formation of a four-membered beryllium ring. This finding is in agreement with previous work showing the ability of highly electron-deficient atoms, such as beryllium, to lead to multicenter one-electron bonds. In our particular case, the formation of the four-center bond is characterized, in very good harmony, by different topological methods such as quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), the electron localization function (ELF), and the noncovalent interactions (NCI) approach and is accompanied by large electron affinity values, around 300 kJ·mol-1, in the gas phase. Preliminary results may anticipate that the ability of groups of beryllium atoms to trap electrons decays on going to bigger systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otilia Mó
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - M Merced Montero-Campillo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Manuel Yáñez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva, 3 , E-28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva, 3 , E-28006 Madrid , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bélanger‐Chabot G, Braunschweig H. Hexahalogendiborat‐Dianionen: Eine neue Klasse binärer Borhalogenide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bélanger‐Chabot
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bélanger-Chabot G, Braunschweig H. Hexahalodiborate Dianions: A New Family of Binary Boron Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14270-14274. [PMID: 31361383 PMCID: PMC7028027 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The electron‐precise binary boron subhalide species [B2X6]2− X=F, Br, I) were synthesized and their structures confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. The existence of the previously claimed [B2Cl6]2−, which had been questioned, was also confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. The dianions are isoelectronic to hexahaloethanes, are subhalide analogues of the well‐known tetrahaloborate anions (BX4−), and are rare examples of molecular electron‐precise binary boron species beyond B2X4, BX3, and [BX4]−.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bélanger-Chabot
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Matthias Wagner. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
29
|
Matthias Wagner. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
30
|
de Sousa DWO, Nascimento MAC. One-electron bonds are not "half-bonds". Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13319-13336. [PMID: 31184654 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02209k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success of the molecular orbital (MO) and valence-bond (VB) models to describe the electronic structure and properties of molecules, neither MO nor VB provides an explanation for the nature of the chemical bond. The first to address this problem was Ruedenberg, who showed that chemical bonds result from quantum interference. He developed a method to calculate the interference contribution to the total electronic energy and density and applied it to molecules containing typical two-centre two-electron (2c-2e) covalent bonds. To test the generality of Ruedenberg's hypothesis, we developed a powerful Interference Energy Analysis (IEA) method to calculate the interference contributions of individual chemical bonds to the total energy of diatomic and polyatomic molecules, and showed that any two-electron bond, despite its polarity, results from quantum interference. Nevertheless, many stable molecules are experimentally known whose chemical structures clearly indicate the existence of two-centre one-electron bonds (2c-1e). Therefore, the question remains if quantum interference will be the dominant effect for these systems. This work describes the extension of the IEA for treating two-centre one-electron bonds, making use of a Generalised Product Function (GPF) built from spin coupled wave functions of N electrons in M orbitals, SC(N,M). Several diatomic and polyatomic molecules were analysed and whenever possible the results were compared with the analogous case of a two-electron bond. The results indicate that interference is the dominant effect for the one-electron bonds, which reinforces the role of quantum interference as the central element in chemical bonding theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Wilian Oliveira de Sousa
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Cidade Universitária, CT Bloco A Sala 412, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nance PJ, Thompson NB, Oyala PH, Peters JC. Zerovalent Rhodium and Iridium Silatranes Featuring Two-Center, Three-Electron Polar σ Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6220-6224. [PMID: 30759317 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Species with 2-center, 3-electron (2c/3e- ) σ bonds are of interest owing to their fascinating electronic structures and potential for interesting reactivity patterns. Report here is the synthesis and characterization of a pair of zerovalent (d9 ) trigonal pyramidal Rh and Ir complexes that feature 2c/3e- σ bonds to the Si atom of a tripodal tris(phosphine)silatrane ligand. X-ray diffraction, continuous wave and pulse electron paramagnetic resonance, density-functional theory calculations, and reactivity studies have been used to characterize these electronically distinctive compounds. The data available highlight a 2c/3e- bonding framework with a σ*-SOMO of metal 4- or 5dz 2 parentage that is partially stabilized by significant mixing with Si (3pz ) and metal (5- or 6pz ) orbitals. Metal-ligand covalency thus buffers the expected destabilization of transition-metal (TM)-silyl σ*-orbitals by d-p mixing, affording well-characterized examples of TM-main group, and hence polar, 2c/3e- σ "half-bonds".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J Nance
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Niklas B Thompson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Paul H Oyala
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Jonas C Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nance PJ, Thompson NB, Oyala PH, Peters JC. Zerovalent Rhodium and Iridium Silatranes Featuring Two‐Center, Three‐Electron Polar σ Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J. Nance
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Niklas B. Thompson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Paul H. Oyala
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Jonas C. Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Laperriere LE, Yruegas S, Martin CD. Investigating the reactivity of 9-phenyl-9-borafluorene with N H, O H, P H, and S H bonds. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
34
|
Feng R, Yang W, Wang W, Zhao Y, Tan G, Zhang L, Wang X. Isolable diboryl radicals acting as highly efficient reaction intermediates under mild conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12908-12911. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06514h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the B–B bond in diborane with dimesitylpyridyl boranes afforded the stable diboryl radicals in moderate yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Wenbang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pammer F, Schepper J, Glöckler J, Sun Y, Orthaber A. Expansion of the scope of alkylboryl-bridged N → B-ladder boranes: new substituents and alternative substrates. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:10298-10312. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01555h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of new boranes capable of forming intramolecular N → B-heterocycles has been prepared and their properties have been studied by electrochemical methods and UV-vis-spectroscopy complemented by DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Pammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Jonas Schepper
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Johannes Glöckler
- Institut of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Yu Sun
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
- D-67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström laboratories
- Uppsala University
- 75120 Uppsala
- Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Cheng Y, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Studer A. Metal-Free Radical Borylation of Alkyl and Aryl Iodides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16832-16836. [PMID: 30332527 PMCID: PMC6470957 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free radical borylation of alkyl and aryl iodides with bis(catecholato)diboron (B2 cat2 ) as the boron source under mild conditions is introduced. The borylation reaction is operationally easy to conduct and shows high functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope. Radical clock experiments and density functional theory calculations provide insights into the mechanism and rate constants for C-radical borylation with B2 cat2 are disclosed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Westfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Westfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
- Westfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCenter for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC)Corrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Armido Studer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cheng Y, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Studer A. Metal‐Free Radical Borylation of Alkyl and Aryl Iodides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Westfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätOrganisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Westfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätOrganisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
- Westfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCenter for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC) Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätOrganisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang B, Li Y, Ganguly R, Webster RD, Kinjo R. A Crystalline Diazadiborinine Radical Cation and Its Boron-Centered Radical Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Richard D. Webster
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang B, Li Y, Ganguly R, Webster RD, Kinjo R. A Crystalline Diazadiborinine Radical Cation and Its Boron-Centered Radical Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7826-7829. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Richard D. Webster
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cheng Y, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Studer A. Transition Metal-Free 1,2-Carboboration of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6221-6225. [PMID: 29741375 PMCID: PMC6014685 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A method for transition metal-free 1,2-carboboration of unactivated alkenes with bis(catecholato)diboron as the boron source in combination with alkyl halides as the alkyl component is introduced. The three-component reaction proceeds via a radical pathway on a broad range of unactivated alkenes, and the 1,2-carboboration products serve as valuable synthetic building blocks. Density functional theory calculations provide insights into the mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Armido Studer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kaese T, Trageser T, Budy H, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Wagner M. A redox-active diborane platform performs C(sp 3)-H activation and nucleophilic substitution reactions. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3881-3891. [PMID: 29780520 PMCID: PMC5942040 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00743h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted C(sp3)–H activation or nucleophilic substitution reactions have been achieved through the interaction of a diborane dianion with haloalkanes.
Organoboranes are among the most versatile and widely used reagents in synthetic chemistry. A significant further expansion of their application spectrum would be achievable if boron-containing reactive intermediates capable of inserting into C–H bonds or performing nucleophilic substitution reactions were readily available. However, current progress in the field is still hampered by a lack of universal design concepts and mechanistic understanding. Herein we report that the doubly arylene-bridged diborane(6) 1H2 and its B
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
B-bonded formal deprotonation product Li2[1] can activate the particularly inert C(sp3)–H bonds of added H3CLi and H3CCl, respectively. The first case involves the attack of [H3C]– on a Lewis-acidic boron center, whereas the second case follows a polarity-inverted pathway with nucleophilic attack of the B
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
B double bond on H3CCl. Mechanistic details were elucidated by means of deuterium-labeled reagents, a radical clock, α,ω-dihaloalkane substrates, the experimental identification of key intermediates, and quantum-chemical calculations. It turned out that both systems, H3CLi/1H2 and H3CCl/Li2[1], ultimately funnel into the same reaction pathway, which likely proceeds past a borylene-type intermediate and requires the cooperative interaction of both boron atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kaese
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Goethe-Universität Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 , D-60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany .
| | - Timo Trageser
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Goethe-Universität Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 , D-60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany .
| | - Hendrik Budy
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Goethe-Universität Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 , D-60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany .
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Goethe-Universität Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 , D-60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany .
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Goethe-Universität Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 , D-60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany .
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Goethe-Universität Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 , D-60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany .
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang H, Zhang J, Lee HK, Xie Z. Borylene Insertion into Cage B–H Bond: A Route to Electron-Precise B–B Single Bond. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3888-3891. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiji Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Kay Lee
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Alkorta I, Montero-Campillo MM, Elguero J, Yáñez M, Mó O. Trapping One Electron between Three Beryllium Atoms: Very Strong One-Electron Three-Center Bonds. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1068-1074. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC); Juan de la Cierva, 3 E-28006 Madrid Spain
| | | | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC); Juan de la Cierva, 3 E-28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel Yáñez
- Dep. de Química; Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC; Cantoblanco E-28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Otilia Mó
- Dep. de Química; Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC; Cantoblanco E-28049 Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hydrogenated Benzene in Circumstellar Environments: Insights into the Photostability of Super-hydrogenated PAHs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaa977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
46
|
Horn J, Widera A, Litters S, Kaifer E, Himmel HJ. Tuning the nucleophilicity of electron-rich diborane(4) compounds with bridging guanidinate substituents by substitution. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:2009-2017. [PMID: 29345706 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04433j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The proton affinity, HOMO energy and ionization energy of electron-rich sp3–sp3-hybridized diborane(4) compounds with bridging guanidinate substituents can be varied by substitution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Horn
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Anna Widera
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Sebastian Litters
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Grandl M, Sun Y, Pammer F. Electronic and structural properties of N → B-ladder boranes with high electron affinity. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00876g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of electronically and structurally diverse N → B-ladder boranes has been prepared by hydroboration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Sun
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - Frank Pammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Widera A, Kaifer E, Wadepohl H, Himmel HJ. On the Dual Reactivity of a Nucleophilic Dihydrido-Diborane: Reaction at the B−B Bond and/or the B−H Bond. Chemistry 2017; 24:1209-1216. [PMID: 29154478 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Widera
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
von Grotthuss E, John A, Kaese T, Wagner M. Doping Polycyclic Aromatics with Boron for Superior Performance in Materials Science and Catalysis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther von Grotthuss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt a. M. Germany
| | - Alexandra John
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt a. M. Germany
| | - Thomas Kaese
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt a. M. Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt a. M. Germany
| |
Collapse
|