1
|
Jiao H, Li X, Li Y, Guo Y, Hu X, Sho T, Luo Y, Wang J, Cao H, Du W, Li D, Yu L. Localized, highly efficient secretion of signaling proteins by migrasomes. Cell Res 2024; 34:572-585. [PMID: 38918584 PMCID: PMC11291916 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-00992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Migrasomes, enriched with signaling molecules such as chemokines, cytokines and angiogenic factors, play a pivotal role in the spatially defined delivery of these molecules, influencing critical physiological processes including organ morphogenesis and angiogenesis. The mechanism governing the accumulation of signaling molecules in migrasomes has been elusive. In this study, we show that secretory proteins, including signaling proteins, are transported into migrasomes by secretory carriers via both the constitutive and regulated secretion pathways. During cell migration, a substantial portion of these carriers is redirected to the rear of the cell and actively transported into migrasomes, driven by the actin-dependent motor protein Myosin-5a. Once at the migrasomes, these carriers fuse with the migrasome membrane through SNARE-mediated mechanisms. Inhibiting migrasome formation significantly reduces secretion, suggesting migrasomes as a principal secretion route in migrating cells. Our findings reveal a specialized, highly localized secretion paradigm in migrating cells, conceptually paralleling the targeted neurotransmitter release observed in neuronal systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Guo
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Takami Sho
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- SLSTU-Nikon Biological Imaging Center, Center of Biomedical Analysis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huizhen Cao
- SLSTU-Nikon Biological Imaging Center, Center of Biomedical Analysis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanqing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu JJ, Li HF, Wu ZY. Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia: Genetics and Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:952-962. [PMID: 38091244 PMCID: PMC11250761 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD), the most common type of paroxysmal movement disorder, is characterized by sudden and brief attacks of choreoathetosis or dystonia triggered by sudden voluntary movements. PKD is mainly caused by mutations in the PRRT2 or TMEM151A gene. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of PKD remain unclear, although the function of PRRT2 protein has been well characterized in the last decade. Based on abnormal ion channels and disturbed synaptic transmission in the absence of PRRT2, PKD may be channelopathy or synaptopathy, or both. In addition, the cerebellum is regarded as the key pathogenic area. Spreading depolarization in the cerebellum is tightly associated with dyskinetic episodes. Whereas, in PKD, other than the cerebellum, the role of the cerebrum including the cortex and thalamus needs to be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Neurology in the Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Hong-Fu Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Neurology in the Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Department of Neurology in the Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pizzella A, Penna E, Abate N, Frenna E, Canafoglia L, Ragona F, Russo R, Chambery A, Perrone-Capano C, Cappello S, Crispino M, Di Giaimo R. Pathological Deficit of Cystatin B Impairs Synaptic Plasticity in EPM1 Human Cerebral Organoids. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4318-4334. [PMID: 38087165 PMCID: PMC11236866 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Cystatin B (CSTB) is a small protease inhibitor protein being involved in cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Loss-of-function mutations in CSTB gene cause progressive myoclonic epilepsy 1 (EPM1). We previously demonstrated that CSTB is locally synthesized in synaptic nerve terminals from rat brain and secreted into the media, indicating its role in synaptic plasticity. In this work, we have further investigated the involvement of CSTB in synaptic plasticity, using synaptosomes from human cerebral organoids (hCOs) as well as from rodents' brain. Our data demonstrate that CSTB is released from synaptosomes in two ways: (i) as a soluble protein and (ii) in extracellular vesicles-mediated pathway. Synaptosomes isolated from hCOs are enriched in pre-synaptic proteins and contain CSTB at all developmental stages analyzed. CSTB presence in the synaptic territories was also confirmed by immunostaining on human neurons in vitro. To investigate if the depletion of CSTB affects synaptic plasticity, we characterized the synaptosomes from EPM1 hCOs. We found that the levels of presynaptic proteins and of an initiation factor linked to local protein synthesis were both reduced in EPM1 hCOs and that the extracellular vesicles trafficking pathway was impaired. Moreover, EPM1 neurons displayed anomalous morphology with longer and more branched neurites bearing higher number of intersections and nodes, suggesting connectivity alterations. In conclusion, our data strengthen the idea that CSTB plays a critical role in the synapse physiology and reveal that pathologically low levels of CSTB may affect synaptic plasticity, leading to synaptopathy and altered neuronal morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Pizzella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Natalia Abate
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Frenna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Canafoglia
- Integrated Diagnostics for Epilepsy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragona
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosita Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Angela Chambery
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Cappello
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rossella Di Giaimo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barti B, Dudok B, Kenesei K, Zöldi M, Miczán V, Balla GY, Zala D, Tasso M, Sagheddu C, Kisfali M, Tóth B, Ledri M, Vizi ES, Melis M, Barna L, Lenkei Z, Soltész I, Katona I. Presynaptic nanoscale components of retrograde synaptic signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado0077. [PMID: 38809980 PMCID: PMC11135421 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
While our understanding of the nanoscale architecture of anterograde synaptic transmission is rapidly expanding, the qualitative and quantitative molecular principles underlying distinct mechanisms of retrograde synaptic communication remain elusive. We show that a particular form of tonic cannabinoid signaling is essential for setting target cell-dependent synaptic variability. It does not require the activity of the two major endocannabinoid-producing enzymes. Instead, by developing a workflow for physiological, anatomical, and molecular measurements at the same unitary synapse, we demonstrate that the nanoscale stoichiometric ratio of type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs) to the release machinery is sufficient to predict synapse-specific release probability. Accordingly, selective decrease of extrasynaptic CB1Rs does not affect synaptic transmission, whereas in vivo exposure to the phytocannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol disrupts the intrasynaptic nanoscale stoichiometry and reduces synaptic variability. These findings imply that synapses leverage the nanoscale stoichiometry of presynaptic receptor coupling to the release machinery to establish synaptic strength in a target cell-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjámin Barti
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, 702 N Walnut Grove Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405-2204, USA
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Semmelweis University, Üllői st 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barna Dudok
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plz, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kata Kenesei
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Zöldi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, 702 N Walnut Grove Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405-2204, USA
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Semmelweis University, Üllői st 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vivien Miczán
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyula Y. Balla
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Semmelweis University, Üllői st 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Translational Behavioral Neuroscience Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diana Zala
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Mariana Tasso
- Institute of Nanosystems, School of Bio and Nanotechnologies, National University of San Martín - CONICET, 25 de Mayo Ave., 1021 San Martín, Argentina
| | - Claudia Sagheddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Máté Kisfali
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- BiTrial Ltd., Tállya st 23, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Blanka Tóth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért square 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői st 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marco Ledri
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 17, BMC A11, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - E. Sylvester Vizi
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miriam Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - László Barna
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, 702 N Walnut Grove Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405-2204, USA
| | - Zsolt Lenkei
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Iván Soltész
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - István Katona
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, 702 N Walnut Grove Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405-2204, USA
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Szigony st 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Szodorai E, Hevesi Z, Wagner L, Hökfelt TGM, Harkany T, Schnell R. A hydrophobic groove in secretagogin allows for alternate interactions with SNAP-25 and syntaxin-4 in endocrine tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309211121. [PMID: 38593081 PMCID: PMC11032447 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309211121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Vesicular release of neurotransmitters and hormones relies on the dynamic assembly of the exocytosis/trans-SNARE complex through sequential interactions of synaptobrevins, syntaxins, and SNAP-25. Despite SNARE-mediated release being fundamental for intercellular communication in all excitable tissues, the role of auxiliary proteins modulating the import of reserve vesicles to the active zone, and thus, scaling repetitive exocytosis remains less explored. Secretagogin is a Ca2+-sensor protein with SNAP-25 being its only known interacting partner. SNAP-25 anchors readily releasable vesicles within the active zone, thus being instrumental for 1st phase release. However, genetic deletion of secretagogin impedes 2nd phase release instead, calling for the existence of alternative protein-protein interactions. Here, we screened the secretagogin interactome in the brain and pancreas, and found syntaxin-4 grossly overrepresented. Ca2+-loaded secretagogin interacted with syntaxin-4 at nanomolar affinity and 1:1 stoichiometry. Crystal structures of the protein complexes revealed a hydrophobic groove in secretagogin for the binding of syntaxin-4. This groove was also used to bind SNAP-25. In mixtures of equimolar recombinant proteins, SNAP-25 was sequestered by secretagogin in competition with syntaxin-4. Kd differences suggested that secretagogin could shape unidirectional vesicle movement by sequential interactions, a hypothesis supported by in vitro biological data. This mechanism could facilitate the movement of transport vesicles toward release sites, particularly in the endocrine pancreas where secretagogin, SNAP-25, and syntaxin-4 coexist in both α- and β-cells. Thus, secretagogin could modulate the pace and fidelity of vesicular hormone release by differential protein interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edit Szodorai
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum 7D, Karolinska Institutet, SolnaSE-17165, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, ViennaA-1090, Austria
| | - Zsofia Hevesi
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, ViennaA-1090, Austria
| | - Ludwig Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, ViennaA-1090, Austria
| | - Tomas G. M. Hökfelt
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum 7D, Karolinska Institutet, SolnaSE-17165, Sweden
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum 7D, Karolinska Institutet, SolnaSE-17165, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, ViennaA-1090, Austria
| | - Robert Schnell
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum 7D, Karolinska Institutet, SolnaSE-17165, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen S, Zhang S, Li Y, Wang H, Chen X, Yang Y. Dual-channel neural network for instance segmentation of synapse. Comput Biol Med 2024; 172:108298. [PMID: 38503095 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Detection and segmentation of neural synapses in electron microscopy images are the committed steps for analyzing neural ultrastructure. To date, manual annotation of the structure in synapses has been the primary method, which is time-consuming and restricts the throughput of data acquisition. Recent studies have utilized a series of deformations based on a segmentation model for the detection and segmentation of transmission electron microscope images. However, the analysis of synaptic segmentation and statistics still lacks sufficient automation and high-throughput. Therefore, we developed a dual-channel neural network instance segmentation model with weighted top-down and multi-scale bottom-up schemes, which aid in accurately detecting and segmenting synaptic vesicles and their active zones within presynaptic membranes in complex environments. In addition, we proposed a masked self-supervised pre-training model based on the latest convolutional architecture to improve performance in downstream segmentation tasks. By comparing our model to other state-of-the-art methods, we determined its viability and accuracy. The applicability of our model is thoroughly demonstrated by distinct application scenarios for neurobiological research. These findings indicate that the dual-channel neural network could facilitate the analysis of synaptic structures for the advancement of biomedical research and electron microscope reconstruction techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhao Chen
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Shuli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Chen
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
van Berkel AA, Lammertse HCA, Öttl M, Koopmans F, Misra-Isrie M, Meijer M, Dilena R, van Hasselt PM, Engelen M, van Haelst M, Smit AB, van der Sluis S, Toonen RF, Verhage M. Reduced MUNC18-1 Levels, Synaptic Proteome Changes, and Altered Network Activity in STXBP1-Related Disorder Patient Neurons. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:284-298. [PMID: 38298782 PMCID: PMC10829628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background STXBP1-related disorder (STXBP1-RD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the STXBP1 gene. Its gene product MUNC18-1 organizes synaptic vesicle exocytosis and is essential for synaptic transmission. Patients present with developmental delay, intellectual disability, and/or epileptic seizures, with high clinical heterogeneity. To date, the cellular deficits of neurons of patients with STXBP1-RD are unknown. Methods We combined live-cell imaging, electrophysiology, confocal microscopy, and mass spectrometry proteomics to characterize cellular phenotypes of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from 6 patients with STXBP1-RD, capturing shared features as well as phenotypic diversity among patients. Results Neurons from all patients showed normal in vitro development, morphology, and synapse formation, but reduced MUNC18-1 RNA and protein levels. In addition, a proteome-wide screen identified dysregulation of proteins related to synapse function and RNA processes. Neuronal networks showed shared as well as patient-specific phenotypes in activity frequency, network irregularity, and synchronicity, especially when networks were challenged by increasing excitability. No shared effects were observed in synapse physiology of single neurons except for a few patient-specific phenotypes. Similarities between functional and proteome phenotypes suggested 2 patient clusters, not explained by gene variant type. Conclusions Together, these data show that decreased MUNC18-1 levels, dysregulation of synaptic proteins, and altered network activity are shared cellular phenotypes of STXBP1-RD. The 2 patient clusters suggest distinctive pathobiology among subgroups of patients, providing a plausible explanation for the clinical heterogeneity. This phenotypic spectrum provides a framework for future validation studies and therapy design for STXBP1-RD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annemiek Arienne van Berkel
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Functional Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanna Charlotte Andrea Lammertse
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Functional Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam Öttl
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Koopmans
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mala Misra-Isrie
- Functional Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Clinical Genetics Section, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Meijer
- Functional Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robertino Dilena
- Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Marin van Hasselt
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Engelen
- Department of (Pediatric) Neurology, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mieke van Haelst
- Department of Human Genetics, Clinical Genetics Section, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - August Benjamin Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie van der Sluis
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, Section of Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud Franciscus Toonen
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Functional Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Su R, Wang S, McDargh Z, O'Shaughnessy B. Three membrane fusion pore families determine the pathway to pore dilation. Biophys J 2023; 122:3986-3998. [PMID: 37644721 PMCID: PMC10560699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
During exocytosis secretory vesicles fuse with a target membrane and release neurotransmitters, hormones, or other bioactive molecules through a membrane fusion pore. The initially small pore may subsequently dilate for full contents release, as commonly observed in amperometric traces. The size, shape, and evolution of the pore is critical to the course of contents release, but exact fusion pore solutions accounting for membrane tension and bending energy constraints have not been available. Here, we obtained exact solutions for fusion pores between two membranes. We find three families: a narrow pore, a wide pore, and an intermediate tether-like pore. For high tensions these are close to the catenoidal and tether solutions recently reported for freely hinged membrane boundaries. We suggest membrane fusion initially generates a stable narrow pore, and the dilation pathway is a transition to the stable wide pore family. The unstable intermediate pore is the transition state that sets the energy barrier for this dilation pathway. Pore dilation is mechanosensitive, as the energy barrier is lowered by increased membrane tension. Finally, we study fusion pores in nanodiscs, powerful systems for the study of individual pores. We show that nanodiscs stabilize fusion pores by locking them into the narrow pore family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, New York; Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Zachary McDargh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Ben O'Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu S, Fan J, Tang F, Chen L, Zhang X, Xiao D, Li X. The role of RIM in neurotransmitter release: promotion of synaptic vesicle docking, priming, and fusion. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1123561. [PMID: 37179554 PMCID: PMC10169678 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1123561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many special sites at the end of a synapse called active zones (AZs). Synaptic vesicles (SVs) fuse with presynaptic membranes at these sites, and this fusion is an important step in neurotransmitter release. The cytomatrix in the active zone (CAZ) is made up of proteins such as the regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein (RIM), RIM-binding proteins (RIM-BPs), ELKS/CAST, Bassoon/Piccolo, Liprin-α, and Munc13-1. RIM is a scaffold protein that interacts with CAZ proteins and presynaptic functional components to affect the docking, priming, and fusion of SVs. RIM is believed to play an important role in regulating the release of neurotransmitters (NTs). In addition, abnormal expression of RIM has been detected in many diseases, such as retinal diseases, Asperger's syndrome (AS), and degenerative scoliosis. Therefore, we believe that studying the molecular structure of RIM and its role in neurotransmitter release will help to clarify the molecular mechanism of neurotransmitter release and identify targets for the diagnosis and treatment of the aforementioned diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wu
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali Fan
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Fajuan Tang
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongqiong Xiao
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xihong Li
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wen L, Yang X, Wu Z, Fu S, Zhan Y, Chen Z, Bi D, Shen Y. The complement inhibitor CD59 is required for GABAergic synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112349. [PMID: 37027303 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement-dependent microglia pruning of excitatory synapses has been widely reported in physiological and pathological conditions, with few reports concerning pruning of inhibitory synapses or direct regulation of synaptic transmission by complement components. Here, we report that loss of CD59, an important endogenous inhibitor of the complement system, leads to compromised spatial memory performance. Furthermore, CD59 deficiency impairs GABAergic synaptic transmission in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). This depends on regulation of GABA release triggered by Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) rather than inhibitory synaptic pruning by microglia. Notably, CD59 colocalizes with inhibitory pre-synaptic terminals and regulates SNARE complex assembly. Together, these results demonstrate that the complement regulator CD59 plays an important role in normal hippocampal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lang Wen
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zujun Wu
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shumei Fu
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yaxi Zhan
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zuolong Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Danlei Bi
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Yong Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wässle H, Topp S. The neurosciences at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen. JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE NEUROSCIENCES 2023; 32:173-197. [PMID: 35180028 DOI: 10.1080/0964704x.2021.2021704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Biophysical Chemistry (Karl-Friedrich Bonhoeffer Institute) was founded in 1971 in Göttingen. Two of the 11 departments at the institute had a neuroscientific focus. Otto D. Creutzfeldt (1927-1992) and Victor P. Whittaker (1919-2016) were directors of the Neurobiological and Neurochemical Departments, respectively. Creutzfeldt's department researched the structure and function of the cerebral cortex, and Whittaker's department concentrated on the biochemical analysis of synapses and synaptic vesicles. Creutzfeldt and Whittaker were already internationally respected scientists when they were appointed to Göttingen. The next generation of departmental directors, Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann, were "home-grown" researchers from the institute and, during their time as junior group leaders, they developed the so-called patch clamp technique, with which they were able to measure single ion channels in nerve cells. This technique revolutionized neurophysiology, and Neher and Sakmann were awarded the 1991 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in this area. Neher was appointed director of the Membrane Biophysics Department in 1983 and, since then, his department has mainly examined the role of Ca2+ in the release of neurotransmitters at synapses and in the secretion of catecholamines from chromaffin cells. From 1985, Sakmann was director of the Cell Physiology Department, and his laboratory concentrated on the molecular and physiological characterization of transmitter receptors in postsynaptic membranes. In 1989, he was appointed to the MPI for Medical Research in Heidelberg. Reinhard Jahn became director of the Neurobiology Department in 1997, researching the molecular mechanisms of the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic terminals, and he discovered several proteins associated with the synaptic vesicles. With their work, Neher, Sakmann, and Jahn have made the MPI for Biophysical Chemistry one of the world's leading research centers for the transmission of signals at synapses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Wässle
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Sascha Topp
- Max Planck Institute of the History of Science, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu P, Wang X, Shi J, Chen W, Lu ZJ, Jia H, Ye D, Li X. Functionally Collaborative Nanostructure for Direct Monitoring of Neurotransmitter Exocytosis in Living Cells. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2427-2435. [PMID: 36715488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter exocytosis of living cells plays a vital role in neuroscience. However, the available amperometric technique with carbon fiber electrodes typically measures exocytotic events from one cell during one procedure, which requires professional operations and takes time to produce statistical results of multiple cells. Here, we develop a functionally collaborative nanostructure to directly measure the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) exocytosis from living rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. The functionally collaborative nanostructure is constructed of metal-organic framework (MOF)-on-nanowires-on-graphene oxide, which is highly sensitive to DA molecules and enables direct detection of neurotransmitter exocytosis. Using the microsensor, the exocytosis from PC12 cells pretreated with the desired drugs (e.g., anticoronavirus drug, antiflu drug, or anti-inflammatory drug) has been successfully measured. Our achievements demonstrate the feasibility of the functionally collaborative nanostructure in the real-time detection of exocytosis and the potential applicability in the highly efficient assessment of the modulation effects of medications on exocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Jiaci Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai200065, China
| | - Zhan-Jun Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200080, China
| | - Hao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Daixin Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gkikas I, Daskalaki I, Kounakis K, Tavernarakis N, Lionaki E. MitoSNARE Assembly and Disassembly Factors Regulate Basal Autophagy and Aging in C. elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044230. [PMID: 36835643 PMCID: PMC9964399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SNARE proteins reside between opposing membranes and facilitate vesicle fusion, a physiological process ubiquitously required for secretion, endocytosis and autophagy. With age, neurosecretory SNARE activity drops and is pertinent to age-associated neurological disorders. Despite the importance of SNARE complex assembly and disassembly in membrane fusion, their diverse localization hinders the complete understanding of their function. Here, we revealed a subset of SNARE proteins, the syntaxin SYX-17, the synaptobrevins VAMP-7, SNB-6 and the tethering factor USO-1, to be either localized or in close proximity to mitochondria, in vivo. We term them mitoSNAREs and show that animals deficient in mitoSNAREs exhibit increased mitochondria mass and accumulation of autophagosomes. The SNARE disassembly factor NSF-1 seems to be required for the effects of mitoSNARE depletion. Moreover, we find mitoSNAREs to be indispensable for normal aging in both neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. Overall, we uncover a previously unrecognized subset of SNAREs that localize to mitochondria and propose a role of mitoSNARE assembly and disassembly factors in basal autophagy regulation and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Gkikas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioanna Daskalaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kounakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (E.L.)
| | - Eirini Lionaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (E.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schwarz K, Schmitz F. Synapse Dysfunctions in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021639. [PMID: 36675155 PMCID: PMC9862173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting nearly three million humans worldwide. In MS, cells of an auto-reactive immune system invade the brain and cause neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation triggers a complex, multi-faceted harmful process not only in the white matter but also in the grey matter of the brain. In the grey matter, neuroinflammation causes synapse dysfunctions. Synapse dysfunctions in MS occur early and independent from white matter demyelination and are likely correlates of cognitive and mental symptoms in MS. Disturbed synapse/glia interactions and elevated neuroinflammatory signals play a central role. Glutamatergic excitotoxic synapse damage emerges as a major mechanism. We review synapse/glia communication under normal conditions and summarize how this communication becomes malfunctional during neuroinflammation in MS. We discuss mechanisms of how disturbed glia/synapse communication can lead to synapse dysfunctions, signaling dysbalance, and neurodegeneration in MS.
Collapse
|
15
|
Palfreyman MT, West SE, Jorgensen EM. SNARE Proteins in Synaptic Vesicle Fusion. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 33:63-118. [PMID: 37615864 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-34229-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are stored in small membrane-bound vesicles at synapses; a subset of synaptic vesicles is docked at release sites. Fusion of docked vesicles with the plasma membrane releases neurotransmitters. Membrane fusion at synapses, as well as all trafficking steps of the secretory pathway, is mediated by SNARE proteins. The SNAREs are the minimal fusion machinery. They zipper from N-termini to membrane-anchored C-termini to form a 4-helix bundle that forces the apposed membranes to fuse. At synapses, the SNAREs comprise a single helix from syntaxin and synaptobrevin; SNAP-25 contributes the other two helices to complete the bundle. Unc13 mediates synaptic vesicle docking and converts syntaxin into the permissive "open" configuration. The SM protein, Unc18, is required to initiate and proofread SNARE assembly. The SNAREs are then held in a half-zippered state by synaptotagmin and complexin. Calcium removes the synaptotagmin and complexin block, and the SNAREs drive vesicle fusion. After fusion, NSF and alpha-SNAP unwind the SNAREs and thereby recharge the system for further rounds of fusion. In this chapter, we will describe the discovery of the SNAREs, their relevant structural features, models for their function, and the central role of Unc18. In addition, we will touch upon the regulation of SNARE complex formation by Unc13, complexin, and synaptotagmin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Palfreyman
- School of Biological Sciences, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sam E West
- School of Biological Sciences, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erik M Jorgensen
- School of Biological Sciences, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
LUHMES Cells: Phenotype Refinement and Development of an MPP +-Based Test System for Screening Antiparkinsonian Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010733. [PMID: 36614176 PMCID: PMC9821222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The low effectiveness of symptomatic pharmacotherapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), which compensates for dopamine (DA) deficiency under degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons, could apparently be improved with neuroprotective therapy, which slows down neurodegeneration and PD progression. For this, it is necessary to have a DAergic cell line for the development of a PD model to screen neuroprotectors. We used immortalized human embryonic mesencephalon LUHMES cells (LCs) differentiated into DAergic neurons. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype of differentiated LCs and develop an 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+)-based test system for screening neuroprotectors. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunocytochemistry, it has been shown that all differentiated LCs express genes and synthesize proteins characteristic of all neurons (microtubule-associated protein 2, bIII-tubulin, synaptotagmin 1) and specifically of DAergic neurons (tyrosine hydroxylase, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, DA transporter, vesicular monoamine transporter 2). Furthermore, LCs are able to produce a small amount of DA, but under special conditions. To assess the mechanisms of neurodegeneration and neuroplasticity under the influence of toxins and antiparkinsonian drugs, including neuroprotectors, we have developed an LCs-based MPP+ PD model and proposed an original panel of markers for testing functional and structural cell disorders.
Collapse
|
17
|
López-Murcia FJ, Reim K, Taschenberger H. Complexins: Ubiquitously Expressed Presynaptic Regulators of SNARE-Mediated Synaptic Vesicle Fusion. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 33:255-285. [PMID: 37615870 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-34229-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter release is a spatially and temporally tightly regulated process, which requires assembly and disassembly of SNARE complexes to enable the exocytosis of transmitter-loaded synaptic vesicles (SVs) at presynaptic active zones (AZs). While the requirement for the core SNARE machinery is shared by most membrane fusion processes, SNARE-mediated fusion at AZs is uniquely regulated to allow very rapid Ca2+-triggered SV exocytosis following action potential (AP) arrival. To enable a sub-millisecond time course of AP-triggered SV fusion, synapse-specific accessory SNARE-binding proteins are required in addition to the core fusion machinery. Among the known SNARE regulators specific for Ca2+-triggered SV fusion are complexins, which are almost ubiquitously expressed in neurons. This chapter summarizes the structural features of complexins, models for their molecular interactions with SNAREs, and their roles in SV fusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José López-Murcia
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Kerstin Reim
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Holger Taschenberger
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Stachowiak JC, Kirchhausen T. The beauty of simplicity in membrane biology. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1682-1685. [PMID: 36266490 PMCID: PMC9742310 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For the past 40 years, minimal reconstituted systems have helped cell biologists to understand the mechanisms that underlie membrane traffic. Having progressed from minimal synthetic and cell-derived ensembles to direct comparison with living systems, reconstitution is poised for ever more precise and informative understanding of membrane biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne C. Stachowiak
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, TX, USA,
| | - Tomas Kirchhausen
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li S, Li Z, Yang J, Ha Y, Zhou X, He C. Inhibition of Sympathetic Activation by Delivering Calcium Channel Blockers from a 3D Printed Scaffold to Promote Bone Defect Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200785. [PMID: 35666701 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing osteogenesis by promoting neural network reconstruction and neuropeptide release is considered to be an attractive strategy for repairing of critical size bone defects. However, traumatic bone defects often activate the damaged sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in the defect area and release excessive catecholamine to hinder bone defect repair. Herein, a 3D printed scaffold loaded with the calcium channel blocker-nifedipine is proposed to reduce the concentration of catecholamine present in the bone defect region and to accelerate bone healing. To this end, nifedipine-loaded ethosome and laponite are added into a mixed solution containing sodium alginate, methacrylated gelatin, and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to prepare a cell-laden scaffold using 3D bioprinting. The released nifedipine is able to close the calcium channels of nerve cells, thereby blocking sympathetic activation and ultimately inhibiting the release of catecholamine by sympathetic nerve cells, which further promotes the osteogenic differentiation and migration of BMSCs, inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vitro, and effectively improves bone regeneration in a rat critical-size calvarial defect model. Therefore, the results suggest that sustained release of nifedipine from the scaffold can effectively block SNS activation, providing promising strategies for future treatment of bone defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shikai Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yujie Ha
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Chuanglong He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Viard J, Loe-Mie Y, Daudin R, Khelfaoui M, Plancon C, Boland A, Tejedor F, Huganir RL, Kim E, Kinoshita M, Liu G, Haucke V, Moncion T, Yu E, Hindie V, Bléhaut H, Mircher C, Herault Y, Deleuze JF, Rain JC, Simonneau M, Lepagnol-Bestel AM. Chr21 protein-protein interactions: enrichment in proteins involved in intellectual disability, autism, and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202101205. [PMID: 35914814 PMCID: PMC9348576 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is caused by human chromosome 21 (HSA21) trisomy. It is characterized by a poorly understood intellectual disability (ID). We studied two mouse models of DS, one with an extra copy of the <i>Dyrk1A</i> gene (189N3) and the other with an extra copy of the mouse Chr16 syntenic region (Dp(16)1Yey). RNA-seq analysis of the transcripts deregulated in the embryonic hippocampus revealed an enrichment in genes associated with chromatin for the 189N3 model, and synapses for the Dp(16)1Yey model. A large-scale yeast two-hybrid screen (82 different screens, including 72 HSA21 baits and 10 rebounds) of a human brain library containing at least 10<sup>7</sup> independent fragments identified 1,949 novel protein-protein interactions. The direct interactors of HSA21 baits and rebounds were significantly enriched in ID-related genes (<i>P</i>-value < 2.29 × 10<sup>-8</sup>). Proximity ligation assays showed that some of the proteins encoded by HSA21 were located at the dendritic spine postsynaptic density, in a protein network at the dendritic spine postsynapse. We located HSA21 DYRK1A and DSCAM, mutations of which increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 20-fold, in this postsynaptic network. We found that an intracellular domain of DSCAM bound either DLGs, which are multimeric scaffolds comprising receptors, ion channels and associated signaling proteins, or DYRK1A. The DYRK1A-DSCAM interaction domain is conserved in <i>Drosophila</i> and humans. The postsynaptic network was found to be enriched in proteins associated with ARC-related synaptic plasticity, ASD, and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. These results highlight links between DS and brain diseases with a complex genetic basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Viard
- Centre Psychiatrie and Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNG, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Evry, France
| | - Yann Loe-Mie
- Centre Psychiatrie and Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Daudin
- Centre Psychiatrie and Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Paris, France
| | - Malik Khelfaoui
- Centre Psychiatrie and Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Paris, France
| | - Christine Plancon
- Laboratoire de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNG, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Evry, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Laboratoire de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNG, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Evry, France
| | - Francisco Tejedor
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernandez-Campus de San Juan, San Juan, Spain
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Science, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Guofa Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Volker Haucke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) and Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Eugene Yu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Roswell Park Division of Graduate School, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS, GIE CERBM, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Laboratoire de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNG, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Evry, France
| | | | - Michel Simonneau
- Centre Psychiatrie and Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Department of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang Y, Ma L, Bao H. Energetics, kinetics, and pathways of SNARE assembly in membrane fusion. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 57:443-460. [PMID: 36151854 PMCID: PMC9588726 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2022.2121804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fusion of transmitter-containing vesicles with plasma membranes at the synaptic and neuromuscular junctions mediates neurotransmission and muscle contractions, respectively, thereby underlying all thoughts and actions. The fusion process is driven by the coupled folding and assembly of three synaptic SNARE proteins--syntaxin-1 and SNAP-25 on the target plasma membrane (t-SNAREs) and VAMP2 on the vesicular membrane (v-SNARE) into a four-helix bundle. Their assembly is chaperoned by Munc18-1 and many other proteins to achieve the speed and accuracy required for neurotransmission. However, the physiological pathway of SNARE assembly and its coupling to membrane fusion remains unclear. Here, we review recent progress in understanding SNARE assembly and membrane fusion, with a focus on results obtained by single-molecule manipulation approaches and electric recordings of single fusion pores. We describe two pathways of synaptic SNARE assembly, their associated intermediates, energetics, and kinetics. Assembly of the three SNAREs in vitro begins with the formation of a t-SNARE binary complex, on which VAMP2 folds in a stepwise zipper-like fashion. Munc18-1 significantly alters the SNARE assembly pathway: syntaxin-1 and VAMP2 first bind on the surface of Munc18-1 to form a template complex, with which SNAP-25 associates to conclude SNARE assembly and displace Munc18-1. During membrane fusion, multiple trans-SNARE complexes cooperate to open a dynamic fusion pore in a manner dependent upon their copy number and zippering states. Together, these results demonstrate that stepwise and cooperative SNARE assembly drive stagewise membrane fusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;,Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;,Conatct: and
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;,Present address: Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huan Bao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida, 33458,Conatct: and
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Parra-Rivas LA, Palfreyman MT, Vu TN, Jorgensen EM. Interspecies complementation identifies a pathway to assemble SNAREs. iScience 2022; 25:104506. [PMID: 35754735 PMCID: PMC9213704 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unc18 and SNARE proteins form the core of the membrane fusion complex at synapses. To understand the functional interactions within the core machinery, we adopted an "interspecies complementation" approach in Caenorhabditis elegans. Substitutions of individual SNAREs and Unc18 proteins with those from yeast fail to rescue fusion. However, synaptic transmission could be restored in worm-yeast chimeras when two key interfaces were present: an Habc-Unc18 contact site and an Unc18-SNARE motif contact site. A constitutively open form of Unc18 bypasses the requirement for the Habc-Unc18 interface. These data suggest that the Habc domain of syntaxin is required for Unc18 to adopt an open conformation; open Unc18 then templates SNARE complex formation. Finally, we demonstrate that the SNARE and Unc18 machinery in the nematode C. elegans can be replaced by yeast proteins and still carry out synaptic transmission, pointing to the deep evolutionary conservation of these two interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A. Parra-Rivas
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA
| | - Mark T. Palfreyman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA
| | - Thien N. Vu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA
| | - Erik M. Jorgensen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0840, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang Y, Liu J, Jing X, Li F, Mao X, Li M. Monitoring of Intracellular Vesicles in Cultured Neurons at Different Growth Stages Using Intracellular Vesicle Electrochemical Cytometry. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Jiangbo Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Xinxin Jing
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Xiuhai Mao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ponterio G, Faustini G, El Atiallah I, Sciamanna G, Meringolo M, Tassone A, Imbriani P, Cerri S, Martella G, Bonsi P, Bellucci A, Pisani A. Alpha-Synuclein is Involved in DYT1 Dystonia Striatal Synaptic Dysfunction. Mov Disord 2022; 37:949-961. [PMID: 35420219 PMCID: PMC9323501 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The neuronal protein alpha‐synuclein (α‐Syn) is crucially involved in Parkinson's disease pathophysiology. Intriguingly, torsinA (TA), the protein causative of DYT1 dystonia, has been found to accumulate in Lewy bodies and to interact with α‐Syn. Both proteins act as molecular chaperones and control synaptic machinery. Despite such evidence, the role of α‐Syn in dystonia has never been investigated. Objective We explored whether α‐Syn and N‐ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion attachment protein receptor proteins (SNAREs), that are known to be modulated by α‐Syn, may be involved in DYT1 dystonia synaptic dysfunction. Methods We used electrophysiological and biochemical techniques to study synaptic alterations in the dorsal striatum of the Tor1a+/Δgag mouse model of DYT1 dystonia. Results In the Tor1a+/Δgag DYT1 mutant mice, we found a significant reduction of α‐Syn levels in whole striata, mainly involving glutamatergic corticostriatal terminals. Strikingly, the striatal levels of the vesicular SNARE VAMP‐2, a direct α‐Syn interactor, and of the transmembrane SNARE synaptosome‐associated protein 23 (SNAP‐23), that promotes glutamate synaptic vesicles release, were markedly decreased in mutant mice. Moreover, we detected an impairment of miniature glutamatergic postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) recorded from striatal spiny neurons, in parallel with a decreased asynchronous release obtained by measuring quantal EPSCs (qEPSCs), which highlight a robust alteration in release probability. Finally, we also observed a significant reduction of TA striatal expression in α‐Syn null mice. Conclusions Our data demonstrate an unprecedented relationship between TA and α‐Syn, and reveal that α‐Syn and SNAREs alterations characterize the synaptic dysfunction underlying DYT1 dystonia. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ponterio
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Faustini
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilham El Atiallah
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sciamanna
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Meringolo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tassone
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Imbriani
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Bellucci
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- IRCCS Fondazione Mondino, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mo X, Liu M, Gong J, Mei Y, Chen H, Mo H, Yang X, Li J. PTPRM Is Critical for Synapse Formation Regulated by Zinc Ion. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:822458. [PMID: 35386272 PMCID: PMC8977644 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.822458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the nervous system, the trace metal ion zinc is required for normal mammalian brain development and physiology. Zinc homeostasis is essential for the control of physiological and pathophysiological brain functions. Synapses, the junctions between neurons, are the center of the brain’s information transmission. Zinc deficiency or excess leads to neurological disorders. However, it is still unclear whether and how zinc ion regulates synapse formation. Here, we investigated the effect of zinc on synapse formation in a cultured neuron system, and found that synapse formation and synaptic transmission were regulated by zinc ions. Finally, we identified that PTPRM is the key gene involved in synapse formation regulated by zinc ions. This study provides a new perspective to understanding the regulation of brain function by zinc ion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Mo
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Mengxue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, and College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, and College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Mei
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Huidan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, and College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huajun Mo
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, and College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofei Yang Jun Li
| | - Jun Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofei Yang Jun Li
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The Isolated Mouse Jejunal Afferent Nerve Assay as a Tool to Assess the Effect of Botulinum Neurotoxins in Visceral Nociception. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030205. [PMID: 35324702 PMCID: PMC8953691 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past two decades, botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) has been described as a strong candidate in the treatment of pain. With the production of modified toxins and the potential new applications at the visceral level, there is a real need for tools allowing the assessment of these compounds. In this study, we evaluated the jejunal mesenteric afferent nerve assay to investigate BoNT/A effects on visceral nociception. This ex vivo model allowed the continuous recording of neuronal activity in response to various stimuli. BoNT/A was applied intraluminally during three successive distensions, and the jejunum was distended every 15 min for 3 h. Finally, samples were exposed to external capsaicin. BoNT/A intoxication was validated at the molecular level with the presence of cleaved synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 (SNAP25) in nerve terminals in the mucosa and musculosa layers 3 h after treatment. BoNT/A had a progressive inhibitory effect on multiunit discharge frequency induced by jejunal distension, with a significant decrease from 1 h after application without change in jejunal compliance. The capsaicin-induced discharge was also affected by the toxin. This assay allowed the description of an inhibitory effect of BoNT/A on afferent nerve activity in response to distension and capsaicin, suggesting BoNT/A could alleviate visceral nociception.
Collapse
|
27
|
Antoniazzi C, Belinskaia M, Zurawski T, Kaza SK, Dolly JO, Lawrence GW. Botulinum Neurotoxin Chimeras Suppress Stimulation by Capsaicin of Rat Trigeminal Sensory Neurons In Vivo and In Vitro. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:116. [PMID: 35202143 PMCID: PMC8878885 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeras of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotype A (/A) combined with /E protease might possess improved analgesic properties relative to either parent, due to inheriting the sensory neurotropism of the former with more extensive disabling of SNAP-25 from the latter. Hence, fusions of /E protease light chain (LC) to whole BoNT/A (LC/E-BoNT/A), and of the LC plus translocation domain (HN) of /E with the neuronal acceptor binding moiety (HC) of /A (BoNT/EA), created previously by gene recombination and expression in E. coli., were used. LC/E-BoNT/A (75 units/kg) injected into the whisker pad of rats seemed devoid of systemic toxicity, as reflected by an absence of weight loss, but inhibited the nocifensive behavior (grooming, freezing, and reduced mobility) induced by activating TRPV1 with capsaicin, injected at various days thereafter. No sex-related differences were observed. c-Fos expression was increased five-fold in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis ipsi-lateral to capsaicin injection, relative to the contra-lateral side and vehicle-treated controls, and this increase was virtually prevented by LC/E-BoNT/A. In vitro, LC/E-BoNT/A or /EA diminished CGRP exocytosis from rat neonate trigeminal ganglionic neurons stimulated with up to 1 µM capsaicin, whereas BoNT/A only substantially reduced the release in response to 0.1 µM or less of the stimulant, in accordance with the /E protease being known to prevent fusion of exocytotic vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gary W. Lawrence
- International Centre for Neurotherapeutics, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland; (C.A.); (M.B.); (T.Z.); (S.K.K.); (J.O.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Whole-cell patch clamping is a standard method to monitor the secretion of synaptic vesicles. In this chapter, we describe the basic steps of whole-cell patch clamping for measuring synaptic exocytosis, aiming to provide reference for researchers who are new to this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis & Treatment, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central MINZU University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis & Treatment, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central MINZU University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mutations in DISC1 alter IP 3R and voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel functioning, implications for major mental illness. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20180122. [PMID: 34956649 PMCID: PMC8663806 DOI: 10.1042/ns20180122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) participates in a wide variety of
developmental processes of central neurons. It also serves critical roles that
underlie cognitive functioning in adult central neurons. Here we summarize
DISC1’s general properties and discuss its use as a model system for
understanding major mental illnesses (MMIs). We then discuss the cellular
actions of DISC1 that involve or regulate Ca2+ signaling in adult
central neurons. In particular, we focus on the tethering role DISC1 plays in
transporting RNA particles containing Ca2+ channel subunit RNAs,
including IP3R1, CACNA1C and CACNA2D1, and in transporting mitochondria into
dendritic and axonal processes. We also review DISC1’s role in modulating
IP3R1 activity within mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM).
Finally, we discuss DISC1-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)
signaling that regulates functional expression of voltage-gated Ca2+
channels (VGCCs) at central synapses. In each case, DISC1 regulates the movement
of molecules that impact Ca2+ signaling in neurons.
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhu YC, Liang B, Gu N. Cellular and Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Ventricular Remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:753095. [PMID: 34926607 PMCID: PMC8671630 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.753095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular remodeling is related to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, immune system, and various cytokines involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and cell signal regulation. Accumulated studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine can significantly inhibit the process of ventricular remodeling, which may be related to the mechanism mentioned above. Here, we conducted a system overview to critically review the cellular and molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine on ventricular remodeling. We mainly searched PubMed for basic research about the anti-ventricular remodeling of traditional Chinese medicine in 5 recent years, and then objectively summarized these researches. We included more than 25 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines including Qi-Li-Qian-Xin, Qi-Shen-Yi-Qi Pill, Xin-Ji-Er-Kang Formula, and Yi-Qi-Wen-Yang Decoction, and found that they can inhibit ventricular remodeling effectively through multi-components and multi-action targets, which are promoting the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chun Zhu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mandal R, Mahanty K, Mandal S, De Sarkar S, Tarafdar PK. Membrane transport inspired hydrolysis of non-activated esters at near physiological pH. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11088-11091. [PMID: 34617097 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04525c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A positively charged micelle loaded with substrates was transported selectively to the reaction site (cathode) to promote the proximity and localization of the reactants (ester and hydroxide). The guided vehicular delivery coupled with electrolysis allows the hydrolysis of non-activated esters at near physiological pH with significant yields along with recyclability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raki Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, PIN-741246, India.
| | - Kingshuk Mahanty
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, PIN-741246, India.
| | - Subhendu Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, PIN-741246, India.
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, PIN-741246, India.
| | - Pradip K Tarafdar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, PIN-741246, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Thomson AM. Circuits and Synapses: Hypothesis, Observation, Controversy and Serendipity - An Opinion Piece. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:732315. [PMID: 34602985 PMCID: PMC8482872 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.732315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
More than a century of dedicated research has resulted in what we now know, and what we think we know, about synapses and neural circuits. This piece asks to what extent some of the major advances - both theoretical and practical - have resulted from carefully considered theory, or experimental design: endeavors that aim to address a question, or to refute an existing hypothesis. It also, however, addresses the important part that serendipity and chance have played. There are cases where hypothesis driven research has resulted in important progress. There are also examples where a hypothesis, a model, or even an experimental approach - particularly one that seems to provide welcome simplification - has become so popular that it becomes dogma and stifles advance in other directions. The nervous system rejoices in complexity, which should neither be ignored, nor run from. The emergence of testable "rules" that can simplify our understanding of neuronal circuits has required the collection of large amounts of data that were difficult to obtain. And although those collecting these data have been criticized for not advancing hypotheses while they were "collecting butterflies," the beauty of the butterflies always enticed us toward further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex M. Thomson
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Deisl C, Hilgemann DW, Syeda R, Fine M. TMEM16F and dynamins control expansive plasma membrane reservoirs. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4990. [PMID: 34404808 PMCID: PMC8371123 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells can expand their plasma membrane laterally by unfolding membrane undulations and by exocytosis. Here, we describe a third mechanism involving invaginations held shut by the membrane adapter, dynamin. Compartments open when Ca activates the lipid scramblase, TMEM16F, anionic phospholipids escape from the cytoplasmic monolayer in exchange for neutral lipids, and dynamins relax. Deletion of TMEM16F or dynamins blocks expansion, with loss of dynamin expression generating a maximally expanded basal plasma membrane state. Re-expression of dynamin2 or its GTPase-inactivated mutant, but not a lipid binding mutant, regenerates reserve compartments and rescues expansion. Dynamin2-GFP fusion proteins form punctae that rapidly dissipate from these compartments during TMEM16F activation. Newly exposed compartments extend deeply into the cytoplasm, lack numerous organellar markers, and remain closure-competent for many seconds. Without Ca, compartments open slowly when dynamins are sequestered by cytoplasmic dynamin antibodies or when scrambling is mimicked by neutralizing anionic phospholipids and supplementing neutral lipids. Activation of Ca-permeable mechanosensitive channels via cell swelling or channel agonists opens the compartments in parallel with phospholipid scrambling. Thus, dynamins and TMEM16F control large plasma membrane reserves that open in response to lateral membrane stress and Ca influx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Deisl
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Physiology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Donald W Hilgemann
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Physiology, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Ruhma Syeda
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neuroscience, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael Fine
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Physiology, Dallas, TX, USA.
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Molecular Genetics, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Platholi J, Hemmings HC. Effects of general anesthetics on synaptic transmission and plasticity. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:27-54. [PMID: 34344292 PMCID: PMC9199550 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210803105232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
General anesthetics depress excitatory and/or enhance inhibitory synaptic transmission principally by modulating the function of glutamatergic or GABAergic synapses, respectively, with relative anesthetic agent-specific mechanisms. Synaptic signaling proteins, including ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels, are targeted by general anesthetics to modulate various synaptic mechanisms, including presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic receptor signaling, and dendritic spine dynamics to produce their characteristic acute neurophysiological effects. As synaptic structure and plasticity mediate higher-order functions such as learning and memory, long-term synaptic dysfunction following anesthesia may lead to undesirable neurocognitive consequences depending on the specific anesthetic agent and the vulnerability of the population. Here we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms of transient and persistent general anesthetic alterations of synaptic transmission and plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimcy Platholi
- Cornell University Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College Ringgold standard institution - Anesthesiology New York, New York. United States
| | - Hugh C Hemmings
- Cornell University Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College Ringgold standard institution - Anesthesiology New York, New York. United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
SNARE proteins and Sec1/Munc18 (SM) proteins constitute the core molecular engine that drives nearly all intracellular membrane fusion and exocytosis. While SNAREs are known to couple their folding and assembly to membrane fusion, the physiological pathways of SNARE assembly and the mechanistic roles of SM proteins have long been enigmatic. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the SNARE-SM fusion machinery with an emphasis on biochemical and biophysical studies of proteins that mediate synaptic vesicle fusion. We begin by discussing the energetics, pathways, and kinetics of SNARE folding and assembly in vitro. Then, we describe diverse interactions between SM and SNARE proteins and their potential impact on SNARE assembly in vivo. Recent work provides strong support for the idea that SM proteins function as chaperones, their essential role being to enable fast, accurate SNARE assembly. Finally, we review the evidence that SM proteins collaborate with other SNARE chaperones, especially Munc13-1, and briefly discuss some roles of SNARE and SM protein deficiencies in human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
| | - Frederick M Hughson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fontana A, Consentino MC, Motta M, Costanza G, Lo Bianco M, Marino S, Falsaperla R, Praticò AD. Syntaxin Binding Protein 1 Related Epilepsies. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1727259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSyntaxin binding protein 1 (STXBP1), commonly known as MUNC18–1, is a member of SEC1 family membrane trafficking proteins; their function consists in controlling the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors complex assembly, making them essentials regulators of vesicle fusion. The precise function and molecular mechanism through which Munc18–1 contributes to neurotransmitter releasing is not entirely understood, but several evidences suggest its probable role in exocytosis. In 2008, heterozygous de novo mutations in neuronal protein Munc18–1 were first referred as a cause of Ohtahara syndrome development. Currently, a wide examination of the published data proved that 3.1% of patients with severe epilepsy carry a pathogenic de novo mutation including STXBP1 and approximately 10.2% of early onset epileptic encephalopathy is due to an aberrant STXBP1 form codified by the mutated gene. STXBP1 mutations can be associated to a wide clinical heterogeneity. All affected individuals show developmental delay and approximately the 95% of cases have seizures and early onset epileptic encephalopathy, characterized by infantile spasms as the main consistent feature. Burst suppression pattern and hypsarrhythmia are the most frequent EEG anomalies. Other neuronal disorders include Rett syndrome and behavioral and movement disorders. Mild dysmorphic features have been detected in a small number of cases. No genotype–phenotype correlation has been reported. Management of STXBP1 encephalopathy requires a multidisciplinary approach, including epilepsy control and neurological rehabilitation. About 25% of patients are refractory to standard therapy. A single or combined antiepileptic drugs may be required. Several studies described vigabatrin, valproic acid, levetiracetam, topiramate, clobazam, and oxcarbazepine as effective in seizure control. Lamotrigine, zonisamide, and phenobarbital are also commonly used. To date, it remains unclear which therapy is the most effective. Severe morbidity and high mortality are inevitable consequences in some of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fontana
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Consentino
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Milena Motta
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Costanza
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Manuela Lo Bianco
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Marino
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, University Hospital “Policlinico Rodolico-San Marco,” Catania, Italy
| | - Raffaele Falsaperla
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, University Hospital “Policlinico Rodolico-San Marco,” Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neonatal Intensive Care and Neonatology, University Hospital “Policlinico Rodolico-San Marco,” Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea D. Praticò
- Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Alten et al. present a detailed investigation of disease-causing SNAP25 mutations based on structural analysis, neurotransmitter release, and emerging circuit properties. They show that structurally clustered mutations within the SNAP25 SNARE motif cause similar functional defects and predict that alterations of spontaneous release are a novel disease mechanism.
Collapse
|
38
|
Campbell JE, Newgard CB. Mechanisms controlling pancreatic islet cell function in insulin secretion. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:142-158. [PMID: 33398164 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis in mammals is tightly regulated by the complementary actions of insulin and glucagon. The secretion of these hormones from pancreatic β-cells and α-cells, respectively, is controlled by metabolic, endocrine, and paracrine regulatory mechanisms and is essential for the control of blood levels of glucose. The deregulation of these mechanisms leads to various pathologies, most notably type 2 diabetes, which is driven by the combined lesions of impaired insulin action and a loss of the normal insulin secretion response to glucose. Glucose stimulates insulin secretion from β-cells in a bi-modal fashion, and new insights about the underlying mechanisms, particularly relating to the second or amplifying phase of this secretory response, have been recently gained. Other recent work highlights the importance of α-cell-produced proglucagon-derived peptides, incretin hormones from the gastrointestinal tract and other dietary components, including certain amino acids and fatty acids, in priming and potentiation of the β-cell glucose response. These advances provide a new perspective for the understanding of the β-cell failure that triggers type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Campbell
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mukherjee A, Katiyar R, Dembla E, Dembla M, Kumar P, Belkacemi A, Jung M, Beck A, Flockerzi V, Schwarz K, Schmitz F. Disturbed Presynaptic Ca 2+ Signaling in Photoreceptors in the EAE Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. iScience 2020; 23:101830. [PMID: 33305185 PMCID: PMC7711289 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease caused by an auto-reactive immune system. Recent studies also demonstrated synapse dysfunctions in MS patients and MS mouse models. We previously observed decreased synaptic vesicle exocytosis in photoreceptor synapses in the EAE mouse model of MS at an early, preclinical stage. In the present study, we analyzed whether synaptic defects are associated with altered presynaptic Ca2+ signaling. Using high-resolution immunolabeling, we found a reduced signal intensity of Cav-channels and RIM2 at active zones in early, preclinical EAE. In line with these morphological alterations, depolarization-evoked increases of presynaptic Ca2+ were significantly smaller. In contrast, basal presynaptic Ca2+ was elevated. We observed a decreased expression of Na+/K+-ATPase and plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase 2 (PMCA2), but not PMCA1, in photoreceptor terminals of EAE mice that could contribute to elevated basal Ca2+. Thus, complex Ca2+ signaling alterations contribute to synaptic dysfunctions in photoreceptors in early EAE. Less Cav-channels and RIM2 at the active zones of EAE photoreceptor synapses Decreased depolarization-evoked Ca2+-responses in EAE photoreceptor synapses Elevated basal, resting Ca2+ levels in preclinical EAE photoreceptor terminals Decreased expression of PMCA2 and Na+/K+-ATPase in EAE photoreceptor synapses
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Mukherjee
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Rashmi Katiyar
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ekta Dembla
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Mayur Dembla
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Anouar Belkacemi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Jung
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beck
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Karin Schwarz
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schmitz
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Giovannone AJ, Reales E, Bhattaram P, Nackeeran S, Monahan AB, Syed R, Weimbs T. The H abc domain of syntaxin 3 is a ubiquitin binding domain. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21350. [PMID: 33288783 PMCID: PMC7721868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntaxins are a family of membrane-anchored SNARE proteins that are essential components required for membrane fusion in eukaryotic intracellular membrane trafficking pathways. Syntaxins contain an N-terminal regulatory domain, termed the Habc domain that is not highly conserved at the primary sequence level but folds into a three-helix bundle that is structurally conserved among family members. The syntaxin Habc domain has previously been found to be structurally very similar to the GAT domain present in GGA family members and related proteins that are otherwise completely unrelated to syntaxins. Because the GAT domain has been found to be a ubiquitin binding domain we hypothesized that the Habc domain of syntaxins may also bind to ubiquitin. Here, we report that the Habc domain of syntaxin 3 (Stx3) indeed binds to monomeric ubiquitin with low affinity. This domain binds efficiently to K63-linked poly-ubiquitin chains within a narrow range of chain lengths but not to K48-linked poly-ubiquitin chains. Other syntaxin family members also bind to K63-linked poly-ubiquitin chains but with different chain length specificities. Molecular modeling suggests that residues of the GGA3-GAT domain known to be important for ionic and hydrophobic interactions with ubiquitin may have equivalent, conserved residues within the Habc domain of Stx3. We conclude that the syntaxin Habc domain and the GAT domain are both structurally and functionally related, and likely share a common ancestry despite sequence divergence. Binding of Ubiquitin to the Habc domain may regulate the function of syntaxins in membrane fusion or may suggest additional functions of this protein family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Giovannone
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9625, USA
| | - Elena Reales
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9625, USA
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pallavi Bhattaram
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9625, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322, USA
| | - Sirpi Nackeeran
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9625, USA
| | - Adam B Monahan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9625, USA
| | - Rashid Syed
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9625, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330-8262, USA
| | - Thomas Weimbs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9625, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ageta-Ishihara N, Kinoshita M. Developmental and postdevelopmental roles of septins in the brain. Neurosci Res 2020; 170:6-12. [PMID: 33159992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Morphogenetic processes during brain development and postdevelopmental remodeling of neural architecture depend on the exquisite interplay between the microtubule- and actin-based cytoskeletal systems. Accumulation of evidence indicates cooperative roles of another cytoskeletal system composed of the septin family. Here we overview experimental findings on mammalian septins and their hypothetical roles in the proliferation of neural progenitor cells, neurite development, synapse formation and regulations. The diverse, mostly unexpected phenotypes obtained from gain- and loss-of-function mutants point to unknown molecular network to be elucidated, which may underlie pathogenetic processes of infectious diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Ageta-Ishihara
- Division of Biological Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Science, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Science, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhou Y, Eid T, Hassel B, Danbolt NC. Novel aspects of glutamine synthetase in ammonia homeostasis. Neurochem Int 2020; 140:104809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
43
|
Melland H, Carr EM, Gordon SL. Disorders of synaptic vesicle fusion machinery. J Neurochem 2020; 157:130-164. [PMID: 32916768 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The revolution in genetic technology has ushered in a new age for our understanding of the underlying causes of neurodevelopmental, neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders, revealing that the presynaptic machinery governing synaptic vesicle fusion is compromised in many of these neurological disorders. This builds upon decades of research showing that disturbance to neurotransmitter release via toxins can cause acute neurological dysfunction. In this review, we focus on disorders of synaptic vesicle fusion caused either by toxic insult to the presynapse or alterations to genes encoding the key proteins that control and regulate fusion: the SNARE proteins (synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1 and SNAP-25), Munc18, Munc13, synaptotagmin, complexin, CSPα, α-synuclein, PRRT2 and tomosyn. We discuss the roles of these proteins and the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning neurological deficits in these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Melland
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Elysa M Carr
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Sarah L Gordon
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tang BL. SNAREs and developmental disorders. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2482-2504. [PMID: 32959907 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Members of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) family mediate membrane fusion processes associated with vesicular trafficking and autophagy. SNAREs mediate core membrane fusion processes essential for all cells, but some SNAREs serve cell/tissue type-specific exocytic/endocytic functions, and are therefore critical for various aspects of embryonic development. Mutations or variants of their encoding genes could give rise to developmental disorders, such as those affecting the nervous system and immune system in humans. Mutations to components in the canonical synaptic vesicle fusion SNARE complex (VAMP2, STX1A/B, and SNAP25) and a key regulator of SNARE complex formation MUNC18-1, produce variant phenotypes of autism, intellectual disability, movement disorders, and epilepsy. STX11 and MUNC18-2 mutations underlie 2 subtypes of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. STX3 mutations contribute to variant microvillus inclusion disease. Chromosomal microdeletions involving STX16 play a role in pseudohypoparathyroidism type IB associated with abnormal imprinting of the GNAS complex locus. In this short review, I discuss these and other SNARE gene mutations and variants that are known to be associated with a variety developmental disorders, with a focus on their underlying cellular and molecular pathological basis deciphered through disease modeling. Possible pathogenic potentials of other SNAREs whose variants could be disease predisposing are also speculated upon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bor L Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ginger L, Malsam J, Sonnen AFP, Morado D, Scheutzow A, Söllner TH, Briggs JAG. Arrangements of proteins at reconstituted synaptic vesicle fusion sites depend on membrane separation. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3450-3463. [PMID: 32860428 PMCID: PMC7711843 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic vesicle proteins, including N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), Synaptotagmin‐1 and Complexin, are responsible for controlling the synchronised fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane in response to elevated cytosolic calcium levels. A range of structures of SNAREs and their regulatory proteins have been elucidated, but the exact organisation of these proteins at synaptic junction membranes remains elusive. Here, we have used cryoelectron tomography to investigate the arrangement of synaptic proteins in an in vitro reconstituted fusion system. We found that the separation between vesicle and target membranes strongly correlates with the organisation of protein complexes at junctions. At larger membrane separations, protein complexes assume a ‘clustered’ distribution at the docking site, inducing a protrusion in the target membrane. As the membrane separation decreases, protein complexes become displaced radially outwards and assume a ‘ring‐like’ arrangement. Our findings indicate that docked vesicles can possess a wide range of protein complex numbers and be heterogeneous in their protein arrangements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Ginger
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joerg Malsam
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas F-P Sonnen
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - John A G Briggs
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.,Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shi VH, Craig TJ, Bishop P, Nakamura Y, Rocca D, Wilkinson KA, Henley JM. Phosphorylation of Syntaxin-1a by casein kinase 2α regulates pre-synaptic vesicle exocytosis from the reserve pool. J Neurochem 2020; 156:614-623. [PMID: 32852799 PMCID: PMC8237229 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The t-soluble NSF-attachment protein receptor protein Syntaxin-1a (Stx-1a) is abundantly expressed at pre-synaptic terminals where it plays a critical role in the exocytosis of neurotransmitter-containing synaptic vesicles. Stx-1a is phosphorylated by Casein kinase 2α (CK2α) at Ser14, which has been proposed to regulate the interaction of Stx-1a and Munc-18 to control of synaptic vesicle priming. However, the role of CK2α in synaptic vesicle dynamics remains unclear. Here, we show that CK2α over-expression reduces evoked synaptic vesicle release. Furthermore, shRNA-mediated knockdown of CK2α in primary hippocampal neurons strongly enhanced vesicle exocytosis from the reserve pool, with no effect on the readily releasable pool of primed vesicles. In neurons in which endogenous Stx-1a was knocked down and replaced with a CK2α phosphorylation-deficient mutant, Stx-1a(D17A), vesicle exocytosis was also increased. These results reveal a previously unsuspected role of CK2α phosphorylation in specifically regulating the reserve synaptic vesicle pool, without changing the kinetics of release from the readily releasable pool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanilla Hua Shi
- School of Biochemistry, Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tim J Craig
- School of Biochemistry, Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul Bishop
- School of Biochemistry, Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yasuko Nakamura
- School of Biochemistry, Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Dan Rocca
- School of Biochemistry, Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kevin A Wilkinson
- School of Biochemistry, Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jeremy M Henley
- School of Biochemistry, Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tang BL. Vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs 1a (Vti1a)'s roles in neurons. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04600. [PMID: 32775753 PMCID: PMC7398939 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) family mediates membrane fusion during membrane trafficking and autophagy in all eukaryotic cells, with a number of SNAREs having cell type-specific functions. The endosome-trans-Golgi network (TGN) localized SNARE, Vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs 1A (Vti1a), is unique among SNAREs in that it has numerous neuron-specific functions. These include neurite outgrowth, nervous system development, spontaneous neurotransmission, synaptic vesicle and dense core vesicle secretion, as well as a process of unconventional surface transport of the Kv4 potassium channel. Furthermore, the human VT11A gene is known to form fusion products with neighboring genes in cancer tissues, and VT11A variants are associated with risk in cancers, including glioma. In this review, I highlight VTI1A's known physio-pathological roles in brain neurons, as well as unanswered questions in these regards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Téllez-Arreola JL, Silva M, Martínez-Torres A. MCTP-1 modulates neurotransmitter release in C. elegans. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 107:103528. [PMID: 32650044 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple C2 and Transmembrane Domain Proteins (MCTPs) are putative calcium sensors. Proteins that contain C2 domains play essential roles in membrane trafficking and exocytosis; however, MCTPs functions in neurotransmitter release are not known. Here we report that in C. elegans mctp-1 is under the control of two promoters - one active in the nervous system and the second in the spermatheca. We generated and characterized a loss of function amt1 mutant and compared it to a previously published loss of function mutant (av112). Loss of mctp-1 function causes defects in egg-laying, crawling velocity, and thrashing rates. Both amt1 and av112 mutants are hyposensitive to the acetylcholinesterase blocker aldicarb, suggesting that MCTP-1 may play a role in synaptic vesicle release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Téllez-Arreola
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, C.P. 76215 Juriquilla, Querétaro, México; School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Malan Silva
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Ataúlfo Martínez-Torres
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, C.P. 76215 Juriquilla, Querétaro, México.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sleiman M, Stevens DR, Chitirala P, Rettig J. Cytotoxic Granule Trafficking and Fusion in Synaptotagmin7-Deficient Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1080. [PMID: 32547563 PMCID: PMC7273742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are derived from the lysosomal compartment. Synaptotagmin7 (Syt7) appears to be the calcium sensor triggering fusion of lysosomes in fibroblasts. Syt7 has been proposed to control cytotoxic granule (CG) fusion in lymphocytes and mice lacking Syt7 have reduced ability to clear infections. However, fusion of CG persists in the absence of Syt7. To clarify the role of Syt7 in CTL function, we have examined the fusion of cytotoxic granules of CD8+ T-lymphocytes from Syt7 knock-out mice. We have recorded granule fusion in living CTL, using total internal reflection microscopy. Since Syt7 is considered a high affinity calcium-sensor specialized for fusion under low calcium conditions, we have compared cytotoxic granule fusion under low and high calcium conditions in the same CTL. There was no difference in latencies or numbers of fusion events per CTL under low-calcium conditions, indicating that Syt7 is not required for cytotoxic granule fusion. A deficit of fusion in Syt7 KO CTL was seen when a high-calcium solution was introduced. Expressing wild type Syt7 in Syt7 KO lymphocytes reversed this deficit, confirming its Syt7-dependence. Mutations of Syt7 which disrupt calcium binding to its C2A domain reduced the efficacy of this rescue. We counted the cytotoxic granules present at the plasma membrane to determine if the lack of fusion events in the Syt7 KO CTL was due to a lack of granules. In low calcium there were no differences in fusion events per CTL, and granule numbers were similar. In high calcium, granule number was similar though wild type CTL exhibited significantly more fusion than Syt7 KO CTL. The modest differences in granule counts do not account for the lack of fusion in high calcium in Syt7 KO CTL. In Syt7 KO CTL expressing wild type Syt7, delivery of cytotoxic granules to the plasma membrane was comparable to that of wild type CTL. Syt7 KO CTL expressing Syt7 with deficient calcium binding in the C2A domain had significantly less fusion and fewer CG at the plasma membrane. These results indicate that Syt7 is involved in trafficking of CG to the plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Sleiman
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - David R Stevens
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Praneeth Chitirala
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jens Rettig
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yang D, Ding C, Qi G, Feldmeyer D. Cholinergic and Adenosinergic Modulation of Synaptic Release. Neuroscience 2020; 456:114-130. [PMID: 32540364 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this review we will discuss the effect of two neuromodulatory transmitters, acetylcholine (ACh) and adenosine, on the synaptic release probability and short-term synaptic plasticity. ACh and adenosine differ fundamentally in the way they are released into the extracellular space. ACh is released mostly from synaptic terminals and axonal bouton of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BF). Its mode of action on synaptic release probability is complex because it activate both ligand-gated ion channels, so-called nicotinic ACh receptors and G-protein coupled muscarinic ACh receptors. In contrast, adenosine is released from both neurons and glia via nucleoside transporters or diffusion over the cell membrane in a non-vesicular, non-synaptic fashion; its receptors are exclusively G-protein coupled receptors. We show that ACh and adenosine effects are highly specific for an identified synaptic connection and depend mostly on the presynaptic but also on the postsynaptic receptor type and discuss the functional implications of these differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Yang
- Research Centre Juelich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 10, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, Juelich, Germany
| | - Chao Ding
- Research Centre Juelich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 10, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, Juelich, Germany
| | - Guanxiao Qi
- Research Centre Juelich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 10, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, Juelich, Germany
| | - Dirk Feldmeyer
- Research Centre Juelich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 10, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, Juelich, Germany; RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, Germany; Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance Brain - JARA Brain, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|