1
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Liang H, Wang Q, Zhou X, Zhang R, Zhou M, Wei J, Ni C, Hu J. N-Heteroaromatic Fluoroalkylation through Ligand Coupling Reaction of Sulfones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401091. [PMID: 38489249 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Ligand coupling on hypervalent main group elements has emerged as a pivotal methodology for the synthesis of functionalized N-heteroaromatic compounds in recent years due to the avoidance of transition metals and the mildness of the reaction conditions. In this direction, the reaction of N-heteroaryl sulfur(IV) and N-heteroaryl phosphorus(V) compounds has been well studied. However, the ligand coupling of sulfur(VI) is still underdeveloped and the reaction of alkyl N-heteroarylsulfones is still elusive, which does not match the high status of sulfones as the chemical chameleons in organic synthesis. Here we present a ligand coupling-enabled formal SO2 extrusion of fluoroalkyl 2-azaheteroarylsulfones under the promotion of Grignard reagents, which not only enriches the chemistry of sulfones, but also provides a novel and practical synthetic tool towards N-heteroaromatic fluoroalkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rongyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
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2
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Shibutani Y, Kusumoto S, Nozaki K. Synthesis, Characterization, and Trapping of a Cyclic Diborylcarbene, an Electrophilic Carbene. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37354094 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
A carbene bearing two geminal boryl substituents, called diborylcarbene (DBC), has been predicted to be highly Lewis acidic in sharp contrast to the well-studied persistent carbenes stabilized by π-donating substituents. Studies on DBC have been limited to either the base-trapping or theoretical calculations. Herein, we developed chemical equivalents for DBC, namely, K/X-diborylcarbenoids 2X (X = F or Cl). Treatment of 2F with Al(C6F5)3 yielded [AlF(C6F5)3]--stabilized DBC 1-FAl, which showed a significant low-field shift of the carbenoid carbon from 169 ppm (doublet, coupling with 19F) to 242 ppm (singlet). The loss of halogen was also detected through electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of 2X only in the presence of Al(C6F5)3. Generated DBC 1 from 1-FAl or 2Cl was successfully trapped with excess amounts of trialkylphosphines (PR3, R = Me or Et), which afforded the corresponding DBC-PR3 adducts. In addition, the Lewis acidity of DBC 1 was evaluated both experimentally and theoretically to reveal that 1 is one of the most Lewis acidic species among neutral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shibutani
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kusumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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3
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Porath S, Keßler M, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. Synthesis and Characterization of Tetrakis(pentafluoroethyl)indate Salts. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203278. [PMID: 36610041 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the rising field of organoindium chemistry little is known about the perfluoroorganyl-substituted indium compounds. The increasing use of indium reagents is explained by their high stability and tolerance towards water and functional groups. Here we report on the synthesis of the novel tetrakis(pentafluoroethyl)indate, [In(C2 F5 )4 ]- , and its characterization in salts with the cations [Li(thf)3 ]+ , Cs+ , [PPh4 ]+ and [H14 O6 ]2+ (thf=tetrahydrofuran). To the best of our knowledge, these salts constitute the first perfluoroalkylindates and, in general, the first isolated perfluoroalkylindium compounds which are fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Porath
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mira Keßler
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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4
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Ono M, Sumii Y, Fujihira Y, Kagawa T, Mimura H, Shibata N. Pentafluoroethylation of Carbonyl Compounds Using HFC-125 in a Flow Microreactor System. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14044-14053. [PMID: 34060312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The protocol of micro-flow nucleophilic pentafluoroethylation using pentafluoroethane (HC2F5, HFC-125), a nontoxic, inexpensive, and commercially available greenhouse gas, is described. The micro-flow pentafluoroethylation by HFC-125 proceeded smoothly at room temperature or at -10 °C in DMF or toluene in the presence of a potassium base, namely, t-BuOK or KHMDS. A broad range of ketones, aldehydes, and chalcones with various substituted benzene rings were successfully converted to the corresponding pentafluoroethyl carbinols instantly with good to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ono
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Sumii
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yamato Fujihira
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Takumi Kagawa
- Tosoh Finechem Corporation, 4988, Kaiseicho, Shunan 746-0006, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mimura
- Tosoh Finechem Corporation, 4988, Kaiseicho, Shunan 746-0006, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.,Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.,Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, 321004 Jinhua, China
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5
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Dilchert K, Schmidt M, Großjohann A, Feichtner K, Mulvey RE, Gessner VH. Lösungsmitteleinflüsse auf die Struktur und Stabilität von Alkalimetallcarbenoiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dilchert
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Michelle Schmidt
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Angela Großjohann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
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6
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Dilchert K, Schmidt M, Großjohann A, Feichtner KS, Mulvey RE, Gessner VH. Solvation Effects on the Structure and Stability of Alkali Metal Carbenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:493-498. [PMID: 33006796 PMCID: PMC7821203 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
s‐Block metal carbenoids are carbene synthons and applied in a myriad of organic transformations. They exhibit a strong structure–activity relationship, but this is only poorly understood due to the challenging high reactivity and sensitivity of these reagents. Here, we report on systematic VT and DOSY NMR studies, XRD analyses as well as DFT calculations on a sulfoximinoyl‐substituted model system to explain the pronounced solvent dependency of the carbenoid stability. While the sodium and potassium chloride carbenoids showed high stabilities independent of the solvent, the lithium carbenoid was stable at room temperature in THF but decomposed at −10 °C in toluene. These divergent stabilities could be explained by the different structures formed in solution. In contrast to simple organolithium reagents, the monomeric THF‐solvate was found to be more stable than the dimer in toluene, since the latter more readily forms direct Li/Cl interactions which facilitate decomposition via α‐elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dilchert
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Michelle Schmidt
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Angela Großjohann
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kai-Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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7
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Tiessen N, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Synthesis and Characterization of Tetrakis(pentafluoroethyl)aluminate. Chemistry 2020; 26:13611-13614. [PMID: 32196783 PMCID: PMC7693355 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
While perfluorinated aryl, aryloxy and alkoxy aluminum species are well-established as weakly coordinating anions (WCAs), corresponding perfluoroalkyl aluminum derivatives are virtually unknown. Reaction of Si(C2 F5 )3 CH3 with Li[AlH4 ] afforded the tetrakis(pentafluoroethyl)aluminate, [Al(C2 F5 )4 ]- . Several salts of the [Al(C2 F5 )4 ]- ion were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopic methods, mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction studies and elemental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tiessen
- Universität BielefeldFakultät für ChemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität BielefeldFakultät für ChemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Universität BielefeldFakultät für ChemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Universität BielefeldFakultät für ChemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
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8
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Bischoff LA, Riefer J, Wirthensohn R, Bischof T, Bertermann R, Ignat'ev NV, Finze M. Pentafluoroethylaluminates: A Combined Synthetic, Spectroscopic, and Structural Study. Chemistry 2020; 26:13615-13620. [PMID: 32167200 PMCID: PMC7689865 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Salts of the tetrakis(pentafluoroethyl)aluminate anion [Al(C2 F5 )4 ]- were obtained from AlCl3 and LiC2 F5 . They were isolated with different counter-cations and characterized by NMR and vibrational spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Degradation of the [Al(C2 F5 )4 ]- ion was found to proceed via 1,2-fluorine shifts and stepwise loss of CF(CF3 ) under formation of [(C2 F5 )4-n AlFn ]- (n=1-4) as assessed by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry and supported by results of DFT calculations. In addition, the [(C2 F5 )AlF3 ]- ion was structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Bischoff
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius- Maximimilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jarno Riefer
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius- Maximimilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Raphael Wirthensohn
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius- Maximimilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Tobias Bischof
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius- Maximimilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius- Maximimilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Nikolai V. Ignat'ev
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius- Maximimilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- ConsultantMerck KGaA64293DarmstadtGermany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius- Maximimilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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9
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García-Domínguez A, West TH, Primozic JJ, Grant KM, Johnston CP, Cumming GG, Leach AG, Lloyd-Jones GC. Difluorocarbene Generation from TMSCF3: Kinetics and Mechanism of NaI-Mediated and Si-Induced Anionic Chain Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14649-14663. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés García-Domínguez
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Thomas H. West
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Johann J. Primozic
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Katie M. Grant
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Craig P. Johnston
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Grant G. Cumming
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Andrew G. Leach
- School of Health Sciences, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Guy C. Lloyd-Jones
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
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10
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Weitkamp RF, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. Generation and Applications of the Hydroxide Trihydrate Anion, [OH(OH 2 ) 3 ] - , Stabilized by a Weakly Coordinating Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14633-14638. [PMID: 31373109 PMCID: PMC6790940 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a strongly basic phosphazene (Schwesinger base) with water afforded the corresponding metastable hydroxide trihydrate [OH(OH2)3]− salt. This is the first hydroxide solvate that is not in contact with a cation and furthermore one of rare known water‐stabilized hydroxide anions. Thermolysis in vacuum results in the decomposition of the hydroxide salt and quantitative liberation of the free phosphazene base. This approach was used to synthesize the Schwesinger base from its hydrochloride salt after anion exchange in excellent yields of over 97 %. This deprotonation method can also be used for the phosphazene‐base‐catalyzed preparation of the Ruppert–Prakash reagent Me3SiCF3 using fluoroform (HCF3) as the trifluoromethyl building block and sodium hydroxide as the formal deprotonation agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin F Weitkamp
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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11
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Weitkamp RF, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Generierung und Anwendung des Hydroxid‐Trihydrat‐Anions, [OH(OH
2
)
3
]
−
, stabilisiert durch ein schwach koordinierendes Kation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin F. Weitkamp
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
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12
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Niemann M, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Synthesis, Properties, and Application of Tetrakis(pentafluoroethyl)gallate, [Ga(C
2
F
5
)
4
]
−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8938-8942. [PMID: 30990930 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Niemann
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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13
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Niemann M, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. Synthesis and Reactivity of Tris(pentafluoroethyl)gallium Compounds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Niemann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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14
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Niemann M, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Synthese, Eigenschaften und Anwendung von Tetrakis(pentafluorethyl)gallat, [Ga(C
2
F
5
)
4
]
−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Niemann
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
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15
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Schwarz C, Scherpf T, Rodstein I, Weismann J, Feichtner KS, Gessner VH. Ylide-Functionalization via Metalated Ylides: Synthesis and Structural Properties. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:621-626. [PMID: 31123665 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The α-metallated ylides [Ph3P-C-Z]-M+ (with Z=SO2Tol or CN and M=Na or K) were used as versatile nucleophiles for the facile access to ylide-substituted compounds. Halogenations, alkylations, carbonylations and functionalization reactions with main group element halides were easily accomplished by simple trapping reactions with the appropriate electrophiles. X-ray crystallographic studies of all compounds - including the first structures of α-fluorinated P-ylides - showed remarkable differences in the ylide backbone depending on the substituents. In the fluorinated compounds, a change from a fully planar to a pyramidalized ylidic carbon centre was observed despite the strongly anion-stabilizing ability of the yldiide substituent. π-Donation from the ylide substituent also resulted in geometric restrictions depending on the steric and electronic properties of the introduced substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schwarz
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Ilja Rodstein
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Julia Weismann
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Kai-Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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16
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Wiesemann M, Hoge B. Pentafluoroethylated Compounds of Silicon, Germanium and Tin. Chemistry 2018; 24:16457-16471. [PMID: 29722451 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution we present an account on pentafluoroethylated compounds of silicon, germanium and tin. The pronounced electron-withdrawing effect of the pentafluoroethyl group leads to a markedly increased Lewis acidity at the central atom which results in the stabilization of hypervalent complexes, anionic element(II) species as well as remarkable reactivities of element-element and element-hydrogen bonds. By addition to unsaturated C-C bonds or by reaction with organic halides as well as transition-metal complexes the molecules bearing a pentafluoroethyl-element group are readily accessible. Moreover, the utilization of pentafluoroethyl groups facilitates the formation of donor-stabilized germylenes and stannylenes. A series of such compounds serves as suitable pentafluoroethylation reagents. Conversely to the well-studied trifluoromethyl derivatives these compounds frequently exhibit a higher thermostability, which allows a more convenient handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wiesemann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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17
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Wiesemann M, Klösener J, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. The Dynamic Equilibrium of Hexakis(pentafluoroethyl)distannane Adducts [XSn(C 2 F 5 ) 3 {Sn(C 2 F 5 ) 3 }] - (X=Cl, Br, I, Sn(C 2 F 5 ) 3 ). Chemistry 2018; 24:4336-4342. [PMID: 29240270 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The tin-tin bond cleavage of hexaorganodistannanes by nucleophiles is a long-known reaction and widely used for stannate formation or stannyl group transfer. Herein, we detail our experiments to provide analytical evidence for the existence of the reasonably stable anionic complexes [XSn(C2 F5 )3 {Sn(C2 F5 )3 }]- (X=Cl, Br, I, Sn(C2 F5 )3 ) derived from hexakis(pentafluoroethyl)distannane. NMR investigations at low temperature lend further mechanistic insights. Thus, by detection of the imposing ion [Sn(C2 F5 )3 {Sn(C2 F5 )3 }2 ]- , one can surmise that the chemistry of Sn2 (C2 F5 )6 has more in common with the isolobal iodine than with classical distannanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wiesemann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes Klösener
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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18
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Klösener J, Wiesemann M, Niemann M, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. Synthesis and Reactivity of Donor-Stabilized Bis(pentafluoroethyl)stannylene [Sn(C2
F5
)2
(D)
n
] (D=THF, DMAP, PMe3
, [Sn(C2
F5
)3
]−
). Chemistry 2018; 24:4412-4422. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Klösener
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Markus Wiesemann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Mark Niemann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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19
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Wiesemann M, Niemann M, Klösener J, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. Tris(pentafluoroethyl)stannane: Tin Hydride Chemistry with an Electron-Deficient Stannane. Chemistry 2018; 24:2699-2708. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wiesemann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Mark Niemann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Johannes Klösener
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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20
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Wiesemann M, Klösener J, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. On Pentakis(pentafluoroethyl)stannate, [Sn(C2
F5
)5
]−
, and the Gas-Free Generation of Pentafluoroethyllithium, LiC2
F5. Chemistry 2017; 24:1838-1843. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wiesemann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Johannes Klösener
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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21
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Wiesemann M, Stammler H, Neumann B, Hoge B. Synthesis and Properties of Lewis Acidic Perfluoroorganotin Halides with 2,3,5,6‐Tetrafluoropyridyl and Pentafluoroethyl Substituents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wiesemann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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22
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Parisi G, Colella M, Monticelli S, Romanazzi G, Holzer W, Langer T, Degennaro L, Pace V, Luisi R. Exploiting a "Beast" in Carbenoid Chemistry: Development of a Straightforward Direct Nucleophilic Fluoromethylation Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13648-13651. [PMID: 28892363 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The first direct and straightforward nucleophilic fluoromethylation of organic compounds is reported. The tactic employs a "fleeting" lithium fluorocarbenoid (LiCH2F) generated from commercially available fluoroiodomethane. Precise reaction conditions were developed for the generation and synthetic exploitation of such a labile species. The versatility of the strategy is showcased in ca. 50 examples involving a plethora of electrophiles. Highly valuable chemicals such as fluoroalcohols, fluoroamines, and fluoromethylated oxygenated heterocycles could be prepared in very good yields through a single synthetic operation. The scalability of the reaction and its application to complex molecular architectures (e.g., steroids) are documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Colella
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Serena Monticelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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23
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Wiesemann M, Klösener J, Niemann M, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. The Tris(pentafluoroethyl)stannate(II) Anion, [Sn(C2F5)3]−-Synthesis and Reactivity. Chemistry 2017; 23:14476-14484. [PMID: 28671288 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wiesemann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Johannes Klösener
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Mark Niemann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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24
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Molitor S, Gessner VH. Alkali Metal Chlorine and Bromine Carbenoids: Their Thermal Stability and Structural Properties. Chemistry 2017; 23:12372-12379. [PMID: 28597985 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and structures of a series of M/X carbenoids of the type [Ph2 P(S)]2 CMX with M=Li, Na, and K and X=Cl and Br are reported, amongst the first isolated Na/Br and K/Br carbenoids. NMR spectroscopic as well as crystallographic studies showed distinct differences between the lithium carbenoids and their heavier congeners. In the solid state, all carbenoids showed no direct metal-carbon interaction, but an interaction between the metal and the halogen atom. This contact is only very weak in the case of the Li/Br carbenoid, but much more pronounced in the corresponding potassium and sodium compounds. Nevertheless, these interactions did not significantly influence the stability of the carbenoids by weakening the C-X bond and facilitating the MX elimination. As such all compounds were found to be stable up to approximately 60 °C in solution. Hence, M-X interactions-albeit being an essential feature for the structure formation of carbenoids-are not the only criterion determining the stability of such compounds. In the present systems, the stabilization by the thiophosphinoyl moieties is more important than the metal/halogen combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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25
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Klösener J, Wiesemann M, Niemann M, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. Synthesis of Mono-, Bis- and Tris(pentafluoroethyl)tin Derivatives, (C2
F5
)4−n
SnX
n
(X=Ph, Me, Cl, Br, Cp; n
=1-3). Chemistry 2017; 23:8295-8303. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Klösener
- Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie II; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Markus Wiesemann
- Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie II; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Mark Niemann
- Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie II; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie II; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie II; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie II; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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26
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Solyntjes S, Bader J, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ignat'ev N, Hoge B. Pentafluoroethyl Bismuth Compounds. Chemistry 2017; 23:1557-1567. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Solyntjes
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Julia Bader
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Nikolai Ignat'ev
- Consultant Merck KGaA; Frankfurter Strasse 250 64293 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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27
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Baya M, Pérez-Bitrián A, Martínez-Salvador S, Casas JM, Menjón B, Orduna J. Gold(I) Fluorohalides: Theory and Experiment. Chemistry 2017; 23:1512-1515. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Baya
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Alberto Pérez-Bitrián
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Sonia Martínez-Salvador
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - José M. Casas
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Babil Menjón
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Jesús Orduna
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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28
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Molitor S, Feichtner KS, Gessner VH. Taming Metal/Fluorine Carbenoids. Chemistry 2017; 23:2527-2531. [PMID: 27906492 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although Li/Cl carbenoids are versatile reagents in organic synthesis, the controlled handling of the extremely reactive and labile M/F carbenoids remains a challenge. We now show that even these compounds can be stabilized and isolated in solid state, as well as in solution. Particularly the sodium and potassium compounds exhibit a remarkable stability, thus allowing the first isolation of a room-temperature-stable fluorine carbenoid. Spectroscopic, as well as DFT studies confirmed the pronounced carbenoid character, showing M-F-C interactions with elongated C-F bonds. The different stabilities of the carbenoids was found to originate from the different strength of the M-F interaction. Hence, the lithium compounds are considerably more reactive than their heavier congeners. Reactivity studies showed that the nature of the metal also influences the reactivity, resulting in different selectivity in the addition to thioketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai-Stephan Feichtner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Present address: Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Present address: Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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29
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Schwarze N, Steinhauer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. Nucleophilic Transfer Reactions of the [Si(C 2 F 5 ) 3 ] - Moiety. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:16161-16164. [PMID: 27902862 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanide anion is accessible by the deprotonation of Si(C2 F5 )3 H at low temperatures. Subsequent quenching of the resulting salt-like compounds with suitable electrophiles, such as transition-metal complexes or Group 14 element halides, leads to a plethora of novel tris(pentafluoroethyl)silane derivatives. This underlines the versatility of Li[Si(C2 F5 )3 ] as a powerful nucleophilic transfer reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Schwarze
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Simon Steinhauer
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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30
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Schwarze N, Steinhauer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. Nukleophile Übertragungsreaktionen der [Si(C 2F 5) 3] −-Einheit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Schwarze
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Simon Steinhauer
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
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Schwarze N, Steinhauer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. Das Tris(pentafluorethyl)silanid-Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Schwarze
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Simon Steinhauer
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Universität Bielefeld; Fakultät für Chemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
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Schwarze N, Steinhauer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. The Tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanide Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:16156-16160. [PMID: 27902868 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tris(pentafluoroethyl)silane, which is conveniently accessible by the treatment of Si(C2 F5 )3 X (X=Cl, Br) with Bu3 SnH, was successfully employed for hydrosilylation reactions. In the presence of a palladium catalyst, hydrosilylation of phenylacetylene with Si(C2 F5 )3 H affords the product of an α-addition whereas the reaction of trimethylsilylacetylene with the silane leads to the β-trans product. Tris(pentafluoroethyl)silane can be deprotonated by sterically demanding bases such as lithium diisopropylamide at low temperatures to give the corresponding silanide ion. The addition of crown ethers or cryptands to this highly reactive species enabled the isolation and characterization of salt-like tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanide at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Schwarze
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Simon Steinhauer
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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Schwarze N, Kurscheid B, Steinhauer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ignat'ev N, Hoge B. Synthesis of Functional Bis(pentafluoroethyl)silanes (C 2 F 5 ) 2 SiX 2 , with X=H, F, Cl, Br, OPh, and O 2 CCF 3. Chemistry 2016; 22:17460-17467. [PMID: 27778393 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As recently shown, the introduction of pentafluoroethyl functionalities into silicon compounds is of general interest due to an enhanced Lewis acidity of the resulting species. By this means, the synthesis of previously inaccessible hypervalent silicon derivatives is enabled. While an easy access to tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanes has already been published, synthetic strategies for the selective preparation of bis derivatives are yet unknown. In this contribution, a convenient protocol for the synthesis of functional bis(pentafluoroethyl)silicon compounds is presented. These compounds represent precursors for the synthesis of pentafluoroethylated polysiloxanes. Furthermore, they prove to be resistant to oxonium cations, which is a key feature for the preparation of stable pentafluoroethylsilic acids. Treatment of dichlorodiphenoxysilane with in situ generated pentafluoroethyl lithium leads to the corresponding bis(pentafluoroethyl)silane in high yields. (C2 F5 )2 Si(OPh)2 serves as a starting material for further functionalized bis(pentafluoroethyl)silanes. These silanes have been isolated and their reactivity towards N bases studied. The pronounced Lewis acidity of the obtained compounds has been documented by the formation of octahedral adducts with nitrogen donors such as 1,10-phenanthroline and acetonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Schwarze
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie II, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Boris Kurscheid
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie II, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Simon Steinhauer
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie II, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie II, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie II, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie II, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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Gessner VH. Stability and reactivity control of carbenoids: recent advances and perspectives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12011-12023. [PMID: 27498609 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05524a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal carbenoids such as lithium or Simmons-Smith-type reagents are widely used in organic synthesis, particularly in cyclopropanation and homologation reactions. These reagents are often highly reactive and thermally labile, thus limiting their isolation and hampering the development of new synthetic applications. Recent years however, have shown that by means of systematic stabilization a control of reactivity and the development of new applications is possible. This feature article documents recent developments in the control of carbenoid reactivity and stability and highlights structural and electronic properties as well as applications in main group element and transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H Gessner
- Inorganic Chemistry II - Organometallic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.
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Pace V, Holzer W, De Kimpe N. Lithium Halomethylcarbenoids: Preparation and Use in the Homologation of Carbon Electrophiles. CHEM REC 2016; 16:2061-76. [PMID: 27381551 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
α-Halomethyllithium carbenoids are useful homologating reagents which - reacting under proper reaction conditions as carbanions - enable the installation via nucleophilic addition of a reactive halomethyl fragment onto a preformed carbon-heteroatom bond. The pronounced thermolability represented - since seminal studies by Köbrich - the Achilles' heel of these reagents: the use of Barbier-type methodologies (i.e., the electrophile should be present in the reaction mixture prior to the formation of the carbenoid) was pivotal in order to suppress decomposition through α-elimination processes. Nowadays, the use of low temperatures (-78 °C) guarantees reliable procedures and, significantly, the employment of microreactor technologies allows external trapping to be performed even at higher temperatures as reported by Luisi. We will discuss the α-halomethyllithium-mediated homologations of a series of carbon electrophiles such as carbonyl compounds, imines, esters, Weinreb amides, and isocyanates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert De Kimpe
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Molitor S, Gessner VH. Alkali Metal Carbenoids: A Case of Higher Stability of the Heavier Congeners. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7712-6. [PMID: 27100278 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the increased polarity of the metal-carbon bond when going down the group of the periodic table, the heavier alkali metal organyl compounds are generally more reactive and less stable than their lithium congeners. We now report a reverse trend for alkali metal carbenoids. Simple substitution of lithium by the heavier metals (Na, K) results in a significant stabilization of these usually highly reactive compounds. This allows their isolation and handling at room temperature and the first structure elucidation of sodium and potassium carbenoids. The control of stability was used to control reactivity and selectivity. Hence, the Na and K carbenoids act as selective carbene-transfer reagents, whereas the more labile lithium systems give rise to product mixtures. Additional fine tuning of the M-C interaction by means of crown ether addition further allows for control of the stability and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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Molitor S, Gessner VH. Alkali Metal Carbenoids: A Case of Higher Stability of the Heavier Congeners. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Waerder B, Pieper M, Körte LA, Kinder TA, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler H, Mitzel NW. A Neutral Silicon/Phosphorus Frustrated Lewis Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13416-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Waerder
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany)
| | - Martin Pieper
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany)
| | - Leif A. Körte
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany)
| | - Timo A. Kinder
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany)
| | - Andreas Mix
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany)
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany)
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany)
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany)
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Waerder B, Pieper M, Körte LA, Kinder TA, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler H, Mitzel NW. Ein neutrales frustriertes Silicium/Phosphor‐Lewis‐Paar. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Waerder
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie und Centrum für molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Deutschland)
| | - Martin Pieper
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie und Centrum für molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Deutschland)
| | - Leif A. Körte
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie und Centrum für molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Deutschland)
| | - Timo A. Kinder
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie und Centrum für molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Deutschland)
| | - Andreas Mix
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie und Centrum für molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Deutschland)
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie und Centrum für molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Deutschland)
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie und Centrum für molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Deutschland)
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie und Centrum für molekulare Materialien CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Deutschland)
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