1
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Nakagawa T, Kato R, Iiyoshi Y, Furuya M, Kitano T, Nakamura R, Yokoyama Y, Ubukata T. A chiral photoswitch based on enantiospecific interconversion between binaphthyl and helicenoid skeletons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5149-5152. [PMID: 38591265 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00364k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
A novel chiral photoswitch composed of a binaphthyl unit and a hexafluorocyclopentene ring has been synthesized. This chiral photoswitch exhibited thermally reversible photochromism between the binaphthyl and helicenoid forms based on 6π-electrocyclization. The helicity of the binaphthyl moiety was reversed upon stereospecific photocyclization and reverted back during the thermal ring opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Iiyoshi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Masaki Furuya
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Kitano
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryo Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Yokoyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ubukata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
- Typhoon Science and Technology Research Center (TRC), Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences (IMS), Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
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2
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Sherstiuk A, Lledós A, Lönnecke P, Hernando J, Sebastián RM, Hey-Hawkins E. Dithienylethene-Based Photoswitchable Phosphines for the Palladium-Catalyzed Stille Coupling Reaction. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7652-7664. [PMID: 38624066 PMCID: PMC11061837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Homogeneous transition metal catalysis is a constantly developing field in chemical sciences. A growing interest in this area is photoswitchable catalysis, which pursues in situ modulation of catalyst activity through noninvasive light irradiation. Phosphorus ligands are excellent targets to accomplish this goal by introducing photoswitchable moieties; however, only a limited number of examples have been reported so far. In this work, we have developed a series of palladium complexes capable of catalyzing the Stille coupling reaction that contain photoisomerizable phosphine ligands based on dithienylethene switches. Incorporation of electron-withdrawing substituents into these dithienylethene moieties allows variation of the electron density on the phosphorus atom of the ligands upon light irradiation, which in turn leads to a modulation of the catalytic properties of the formed complexes and their activity in a model Stille coupling reaction. These results are supported by theoretical computations, which show that the energy barriers for the rate-determining steps of the catalytic cycle decrease when the photoswitchable phosphine ligands are converted to their closed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Sherstiuk
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa María Sebastián
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona,Spain
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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3
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Hu Y, Wang L, Kevlishvili I, Wang S, Chiou CY, Shieh P, Lin Y, Kulik HJ, Johnson JA, Craig SL. Self-Amplified HF Release and Polymer Deconstruction Cascades Triggered by Mechanical Force. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10115-10123. [PMID: 38554100 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is a versatile reagent for material transformation, with applications in self-immolative polymers, remodeled siloxanes, and degradable polymers. The responsive in situ generation of HF in materials therefore holds promise for new classes of adaptive material systems. Here, we report the mechanochemically coupled generation of HF from alkoxy-gem-difluorocyclopropane (gDFC) mechanophores derived from the addition of difluorocarbene to enol ethers. Production of HF involves an initial mechanochemically assisted rearrangement of gDFC mechanophore to α-fluoro allyl ether whose regiochemistry involves preferential migration of fluoride to the alkoxy-substituted carbon, and ab initio steered molecular dynamics simulations reproduce the observed selectivity and offer insights into the mechanism. When the alkoxy gDFC mechanophore is derived from poly(dihydrofuran), the α-fluoro allyl ether undergoes subsequent hydrolysis to generate 1 equiv of HF and cleave the polymer chain. The hydrolysis is accelerated via acid catalysis, leading to self-amplifying HF generation and concomitant polymer degradation. The mechanically generated HF can be used in combination with fluoride indicators to generate an optical response and to degrade polybutadiene with embedded HF-cleavable silyl ethers (11 mol %). The alkoxy-gDFC mechanophore thus provides a mechanically coupled mechanism of releasing HF for polymer remodeling pathways that complements previous thermally driven mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27705, United States
| | - Liqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27705, United States
| | - Ilia Kevlishvili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27705, United States
| | - Chun-Yu Chiou
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27705, United States
| | - Peyton Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yangju Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27705, United States
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27705, United States
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4
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Selvaraj A, Cordier M, Devillard M, Alcaraz G. Synthesis of Photochromic Phosphines by Pd-Catalyzed Annulation Reaction of Alkynes Bearing Phosphinyl Substituent with a Silacyclopropene. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302374. [PMID: 37639287 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of phosphines with light controlled basicity is presented in this study. A methodological approach for the preparation of these unconventional photochromic phosphines based on a dithienylethene organic moiety is reported. It relies on the palladium-catalyzed annulation of alkynyl phosphines in the presence of a 2,3-Dithienylsilacyclopropene. Accordingly, a diphenyphosphino moiety is connected to the organic photochrome thanks to different linkers. Their influence on the photochromism and on the phosphinyl group basicity is studied and evaluated based on experimental an NMR descriptor as well as DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshitha Selvaraj
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, CNRS, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Cordier
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, CNRS, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Marc Devillard
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, CNRS, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Gilles Alcaraz
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, CNRS, 35000, Rennes, France
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5
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Buß F, Das M, Janssen-Müller D, Sietmann A, Das A, Wilm LFB, Freitag M, Seidl M, Glorius F, Dielmann F. Photoswitchable electron-rich phosphines: using light to modulate the electron-donating ability of phosphines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12019-12022. [PMID: 37728017 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04050j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and properties of photoswitchable electron-rich phosphines containing N-heterocyclic imines equipped with a photochromic dithienylethene unit are reported. Heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and UV/vis studies reveal that the imine substituents undergo reversible electrocyclic ring-closing and ring-opening reactions upon exposure to UV and visible light, respectively. The photoisomerization alters the electron-donating ability of the phosphines by up to ΔTEP = 8 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florenz Buß
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Mowpriya Das
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Daniel Janssen-Müller
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Alexander Sietmann
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
| | - Ankita Das
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Lukas F B Wilm
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Matthias Freitag
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
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6
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Yu Y, O'Neill RT, Boulatov R, Widenhoefer RA, Craig SL. Allosteric control of olefin isomerization kinetics via remote metal binding and its mechanochemical analysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5074. [PMID: 37604905 PMCID: PMC10442431 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Allosteric control of reaction thermodynamics is well understood, but the mechanisms by which changes in local geometries of receptor sites lower activation reaction barriers in electronically uncoupled, remote reaction moieties remain relatively unexplored. Here we report a molecular scaffold in which the rate of thermal E-to-Z isomerization of an alkene increases by a factor of as much as 104 in response to fast binding of a metal ion to a remote receptor site. A mechanochemical model of the olefin coupled to a compressive harmonic spring reproduces the observed acceleration quantitatively, adding the studied isomerization to the very few reactions demonstrated to be sensitive to extrinsic compressive force. The work validates experimentally the generalization of mechanochemical kinetics to compressive loads and demonstrates that the formalism of force-coupled reactivity offers a productive framework for the quantitative analysis of the molecular basis of allosteric control of reaction kinetics. Important differences in the effects of compressive vs. tensile force on the kinetic stabilities of molecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Robert T O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Roman Boulatov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | | | - Stephen L Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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7
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Qiu Q, Sun Z, Joubran D, Li X, Wan J, Schmidt-Rohr K, Han GGD. Optically Controlled Recovery and Recycling of Homogeneous Organocatalysts Enabled by Photoswitches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300723. [PMID: 36688731 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We address a critical challenge of recovering and recycling homogeneous organocatalysts by designing photoswitchable catalyst structures that display a reversible solubility change in response to light. Initially insoluble catalysts are UV-switched to a soluble isomeric state, which catalyzes the reaction, then back-isomerizes to the insoluble state upon completion of the reaction to be filtered and recycled. The molecular design principles that allow for the drastic solubility change over 10 times between the isomeric states, 87 % recovery by the light-induced precipitation, and multiple rounds of catalyst recycling are revealed. This proof of concept will open up opportunities to develop highly recyclable homogeneous catalysts that are important for the synthesis of critical compounds in various industries, which is anticipated to significantly reduce environmental impact and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfeng Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Zhenhuan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Danielle Joubran
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Joshua Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Klaus Schmidt-Rohr
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Grace G D Han
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
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8
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Wang L, Zheng X, Kouznetsova TB, Yen T, Ouchi T, Brown CL, Craig SL. Mechanochemistry of Cubane. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22865-22869. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Xujun Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | | | - Tiffany Yen
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Tetsu Ouchi
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Cameron L. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Stephen L. Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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9
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Imato K, Sasaki A, Ishii A, Hino T, Kaneda N, Ohira K, Imae I, Ooyama Y. Sterically Hindered Stiff-Stilbene Photoswitch Offers Large Motions, 90% Two-Way Photoisomerization, and High Thermal Stability. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15762-15770. [PMID: 36378160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches have been widely used as molecular machines in various fields due to the small structures and simple motions generated in reversible isomerization. However, common photoswitches, as represented by azobenzene (AB), cannot combine both large motions and high thermal stability, which are critically important for some practical applications in addition to high photoisomerization yields. Here, we focus on a promising photoswitch, stiff stilbene (SS), and its derivative, sterically hindered SS (HSS). The detailed investigation of their performance with a comparison to AB demonstrated that HSS is an outstanding photoswitch offering larger motions than AB and SS, ca. 90% photoisomerization in both E-to-Z and Z-to-E directions, and significantly high thermal stability with a half-life of ca. 1000 years at room temperature. The superior performance of HSS promises its use in various applications, even where previous photoswitches have troubles and are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Imato
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Ayane Sasaki
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Akira Ishii
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Taichi Hino
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Naoki Kaneda
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ohira
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Ichiro Imae
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yousuke Ooyama
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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10
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Yu Y, Zheng X, Duan C, Craig SL, Widenhoefer RA. Force-Modulated Selectivity of the Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroformylation of 1-Alkenes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Xujun Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Chenghao Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Stephen L. Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ross A. Widenhoefer
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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11
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Rocard L, Hannedouche J, Bogliotti N. Visible‐Light‐Initiated Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐coupling by PPh
3
Uncaging from an Azobenzene Ruthenium–Arene Complex. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200519. [PMID: 35543416 PMCID: PMC9400985 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Photo‐release of triphenylphosphine from a sulfonamide azobenzene ruthenium–arene complex was exploited to activate PdIICl2 into Pd0 catalyst, for the photo‐initiation of Sonogashira cross‐coupling. The transformation was initiated on demand – by using simple white LED strip lights – with a high temporal response and the ability to control reaction rate by changing the irradiation time. Various substrates were successfully applied to this photo‐initiated cross‐coupling, thus illustrating the wide functional‐group tolerance of our photo‐caged catalyst activator, without any need for sophisticated photochemistry apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Rocard
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Jérôme Hannedouche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Nicolas Bogliotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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12
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Iwamoto H, Ozawa Y, Hayashi Y, Imamoto T, Ito H. Conformationally Fixed Chiral Bisphosphine Ligands by Steric Modulators on the Ligand Backbone: Selective Synthesis of Strained 1,2-Disubstituted Chiral cis-Cyclopropanes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10483-10494. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Iwamoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yu Ozawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yuta Hayashi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Imamoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
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13
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Tang Y, Luo Y, Xiang J, He Y, Fan Q. Rhodium‐Catalyzed ON‐OFF Switchable Hydrogenation Using a Molecular Shuttle Based on a [2]Rotaxane with a Phosphine Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200638. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ping Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Er Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Feng Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Mei He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qing‐Hua Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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14
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Tang Y, Luo Y, Xiang J, He Y, Fan Q. Rhodium‐Catalyzed ON‐OFF Switchable Hydrogenation Using a Molecular Shuttle Based on a [2]Rotaxane with a Phosphine Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ping Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Er Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Feng Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Mei He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qing‐Hua Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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15
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O’Neill RT, Boulatov R. The Contributions of Model Studies for Fundamental Understanding of Polymer Mechanochemistry. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1710-5656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe exciting field of polymer mechanochemistry has made great empirical progress in discovering reactions in which a stretching force accelerates scission of strained bonds using single molecule force spectroscopy and ultrasonication experiments. Understanding why these reactions happen, i.e., the fundamental physical processes that govern coupling of macroscopic motion to chemical reactions, as well as discovering other patterns of mechanochemical reactivity require complementary techniques, which permit a much more detailed characterization of reaction mechanisms and the distribution of force in reacting molecules than are achievable in SMFS or ultrasonication. A molecular force probe allows the specific pattern of molecular strain that is responsible for localized reactions in stretched polymers to be reproduced accurately in non-polymeric substrates using molecular design rather than atomistically intractable collective motions of millions of atoms comprising macroscopic motion. In this review, we highlight the necessary features of a useful molecular force probe and describe their realization in stiff stilbene macrocycles. We describe how studying these macrocycles using classical tools of physical organic chemistry has allowed detailed characterizations of mechanochemical reactivity, explain some of the most unexpected insights enabled by these probes, and speculate how they may guide the next stage of mechanochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Boulatov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University
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16
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Volarić J, Szymanski W, Simeth NA, Feringa BL. Molecular photoswitches in aqueous environments. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12377-12449. [PMID: 34590636 PMCID: PMC8591629 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches enable dynamic control of processes with high spatiotemporal precision, using light as external stimulus, and hence are ideal tools for different research areas spanning from chemical biology to smart materials. Photoswitches are typically organic molecules that feature extended aromatic systems to make them responsive to (visible) light. However, this renders them inherently lipophilic, while water-solubility is of crucial importance to apply photoswitchable organic molecules in biological systems, like in the rapidly emerging field of photopharmacology. Several strategies for solubilizing organic molecules in water are known, but there are not yet clear rules for applying them to photoswitchable molecules. Importantly, rendering photoswitches water-soluble has a serious impact on both their photophysical and biological properties, which must be taken into consideration when designing new systems. Altogether, these aspects pose considerable challenges for successfully applying molecular photoswitches in aqueous systems, and in particular in biologically relevant media. In this review, we focus on fully water-soluble photoswitches, such as those used in biological environments, in both in vitro and in vivo studies. We discuss the design principles and prospects for water-soluble photoswitches to inspire and enable their future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Volarić
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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17
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Costil R, Holzheimer M, Crespi S, Simeth NA, Feringa BL. Directing Coupled Motion with Light: A Key Step Toward Machine-Like Function. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13213-13237. [PMID: 34533944 PMCID: PMC8587610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoactuators can control shape and chemical or physical properties of the responsive system they are embedded in. These effects are usually mediated by supramolecular interactions and can be amplified to perform work at the micro- and macroscopic scale, for instance, in materials and biomimetic systems. While many studies focus on the observable outcome of these events, photoresponsive structures can also translate their conformational change to molecular components and perform work against random Brownian motion. Stereochemical cascades can amplify light-generated motion to a distant moiety of the same molecule or molecular assembly, via conformationally restricted stereogenic elements. Being able to control the conformation or motion of molecular systems remotely provides prospects for the design of the smallest machines imaginable. This Focus Review emphasizes the emergence of directed, coupled motion of remote functionalities triggered by light-powered switches and motors as a tool to control molecular topology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University
of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A. Simeth
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University
of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University
of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Villarón D, Duindam N, Wezenberg SJ. Push-Pull Stiff-Stilbene: Proton-Gated Visible-Light Photoswitching and Acid-Catalyzed Isomerization. Chemistry 2021; 27:17346-17350. [PMID: 34605565 PMCID: PMC9298359 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Donor‐acceptor substituted stiff‐stilbene is shown to undergo isomerization induced by visible light avoiding the need for harmful UV light. This visible‐light photoswitching is inhibited by protonation of the dimethylamino‐donor unit, disrupting the push‐pull character and thus, gating of the photochromic properties is allowed by acid/base addition. Remarkably, the addition of a mild acid also triggers fast thermal back‐isomerization, which is unprecedented for stiff‐stilbene photoswitches usually having a very high energy barrier for this process. These combined features offer unique orthogonal control over switching behavior by light and protonation, which is investigated in detail by 1H NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. In addition, TD‐DFT calculations are used to gain further insight into the absorption properties. Our results will help elevating the level of control over dynamic behavior in stiff‐stilbene applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Villarón
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nol Duindam
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander J Wezenberg
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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19
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Yu Y, Wang C, Wang L, Sun CL, Boulatov R, Widenhoefer RA, Craig SL. Force-modulated reductive elimination from platinum(ii) diaryl complexes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11130-11137. [PMID: 34522310 PMCID: PMC8386663 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coupled mechanical forces are known to drive a range of covalent chemical reactions, but the effect of mechanical force applied to a spectator ligand on transition metal reactivity is relatively unexplored. Here we quantify the rate of C(sp2)-C(sp2) reductive elimination from platinum(ii) diaryl complexes containing macrocyclic bis(phosphine) ligands as a function of mechanical force applied to these ligands. DFT computations reveal complex dependence of mechanochemical kinetics on the structure of the force-transducing ligand. We validated experimentally the computational finding for the most sensitive of the ligand designs, based on MeOBiphep, by coupling it to a macrocyclic force probe ligand. Consistent with the computations, compressive forces decreased the rate of reductive elimination whereas extension forces increased the rate relative to the strain-free MeOBiphep complex with a 3.4-fold change in rate over a ∼290 pN range of restoring forces. The calculated natural bite angle of the free macrocyclic ligand changes with force, but 31P NMR analysis and calculations strongly suggest no significant force-induced perturbation of ground state geometry within the first coordination sphere of the (P-P)PtAr2 complexes. Rather, the force/rate behavior observed across this range of forces is attributed to the coupling of force to the elongation of the O⋯O distance in the transition state for reductive elimination. The results suggest opportunities to experimentally map geometry changes associated with reactions in transition metal complexes and potential strategies for force-modulated catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Chenxu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Liqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Cai-Li Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Roman Boulatov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Ross A Widenhoefer
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Stephen L Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
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20
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Nakamura K, Kondo M, Krishnan CG, Takizawa S, Sasai H. Azopyridine-based chiral oxazolines with rare-earth metals for photoswitchable catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7414-7417. [PMID: 34231579 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02602j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An azopyridine-based oxazoline was developed for utilizing azo group coordination and isomerization as a photoswitchable ligand. The ligand coordinated to rare-earth metal (RE) catalyst underwent efficient E/Z photoisomerization, suggesting tri- and bidentate coordination switching. The photoisomerization of the ligand enabled modulation of the enantioselectivity of an RE-catalyzed aminal forming reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Nakamura
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Masaru Kondo
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi 316-8511, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chandu G Krishnan
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Sasai
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
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21
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Kunfi A, Jablonkai I, Gazdag T, Mayer PJ, Kalapos PP, Németh K, Holczbauer T, London G. A photoresponsive palladium complex of an azopyridyl-triazole ligand: light-controlled solubility drives catalytic activity in the Suzuki coupling reaction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23419-23429. [PMID: 35479800 PMCID: PMC9036612 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the design and synthesis of a click-derived Pd-complex merged with a photoswitchable azobenzene unit is presented. While in the trans-form of the switch the complex showed limited solubility, the photogenerated cis-form rendered the molecule soluble in polar solvents. This light-controllable solubility was exploited to affect the catalytic activity in the Suzuki coupling reaction. The effect of the substrate and catalyst concentration and light intensity on the proceeding and outcome of the reaction was studied. Dehalogenation of the aryl iodide starting material was found to be a major side reaction; however, its occurrence was dependent on the applied light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kunfi
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - István Jablonkai
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Tamás Gazdag
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary .,Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Péter J Mayer
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary .,Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged Rerrich tér 1. 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Péter Pál Kalapos
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Krisztina Németh
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A 1117 Budapest Hungary.,MS Metabolomics Research Group, Instrumentation Center, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Tamás Holczbauer
- Centre for Structural Science and Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Gábor London
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary
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22
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Hazra A, Bonakala S, Adalikwu SA, Balasubramanian S, Maji TK. Fluorocarbon-Functionalized Superhydrophobic Metal-Organic Framework: Enhanced CO 2 Uptake via Photoinduced Postsynthetic Modification. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3823-3833. [PMID: 33655749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of porous materials for selective capture of CO2 in the presence of water vapor is of paramount importance in the context of practical separation of CO2 from the flue gas stream. Here, we report the synthesis and structural characterization of a photoresponsive fluorinated MOF {[Cd(bpee)(hfbba)]·EtOH}n (1) constructed by using 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(benzoic acid) (hfbba), Cd(NO3)2, and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpee) as building units. Due to the presence of the fluoroalkyl -CF3 functionality, compound 1 exhibits superhydrophobicity, which is validated by both water vapor adsorption and contact angle measurements (152°). The parallel arrangement of the bpee linkers makes compound 1 a photoresponsive material that transforms to {[Cd2(rctt-tpcb)(hfbba)2]·2EtOH}n (rctt-tpcb = regio cis,trans,trans-tetrakis(4-pyridyl)cyclobutane; 1IR) after a [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. The photomodified framework 1IR exhibits increased uptake of CO2 in comparison to 1 under ambient conditions due to alteration of the pore surface that leads to additional weak electron donor-acceptor interactions with the -CF3 groups, as examined through periodic density functional theory calculations. The enhanced uptake is also aided by an expansion of the pore window, which contributes to increasing the rotational entropy of CO2, as demonstrated through force field based free energy calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Hazra
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064 (India)
| | - Satyanarayana Bonakala
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064 (India)
| | - Stephen Adie Adalikwu
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064 (India)
| | - Sundaram Balasubramanian
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064 (India)
| | - Tapas Kumar Maji
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064 (India)
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23
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Bettens T, Hoffmann M, Alonso M, Geerlings P, Dreuw A, De Proft F. Mechanochemically Triggered Topology Changes in Expanded Porphyrins. Chemistry 2021; 27:3397-3406. [PMID: 33170967 PMCID: PMC7898923 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A hitherto unexplored class of molecules for molecular force probe applications are expanded porphyrins. This work proves that mechanical force is an effective stimulus to trigger the interconversion between Hückel and Möbius topologies in [28]hexaphyrin, making these expanded porphyrins suitable to act as conformational mechanophores operating at mild (sub-1 nN) force conditions. A straightforward approach based on distance matrices is proposed for the selection of pulling scenarios that promote either the planar Hückel topology or the three lowest lying Möbius topologies. This approach is supported by quantum mechanochemical calculations. Force distribution analyses reveal that [28]hexaphyrin selectively allocates the external mechanical energy to molecular regions that trigger Hückel-Möbius interconversions, explaining why certain pulling scenarios favor the Hückel two-sided topology and others favor Möbius single-sided topologies. The meso-substitution pattern on [28]hexaphyrin determines whether the energy difference between the different topologies can be overcome by mechanical activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Bettens
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)Pleinlaan 21050BrusselsBelgium
| | - Marvin Hoffmann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific ComputingRuprecht-Karls UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 205A69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)Pleinlaan 21050BrusselsBelgium
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)Pleinlaan 21050BrusselsBelgium
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific ComputingRuprecht-Karls UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 205A69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)Pleinlaan 21050BrusselsBelgium
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24
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Kondo M, Nakamura K, Krishnan CG, Takizawa S, Abe T, Sasai H. Photoswitchable Chiral Phase Transfer Catalyst. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kondo
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kento Nakamura
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Chandu G. Krishnan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Abe
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sasai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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25
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Villarón D, Siegler MA, Wezenberg SJ. A photoswitchable strapped calix[4]pyrrole receptor: highly effective chloride binding and release. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3188-3193. [PMID: 34164086 PMCID: PMC8179391 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06686a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A stiff-stilbene strapped calix[4]pyrrole receptor can be reversibly switched by light between a strong chloride-binding Z-isomer and a very weakly binding E-isomer. The light-induced switching process is monitored by UV-Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy and chloride binding is studied in detail using both 1H NMR and ITC titrations in DMSO and MeCN. In DMSO, at millimolar concentrations, switching from a fully bound to an almost fully unbound state can be triggered. Quantification of the binding constants in MeCN reveals an extraordinary 8000-fold affinity difference between the Z- and E-isomer. Single crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis gives insight into the structure of the photogenerated E-isomer and the geometry of the chloride-bound receptors is optimized by DFT calculations. The highly effective control of binding affinity demonstrated in this work opens up new prospects for on demand binding and release in extractions and photocontrol of membrane transport processes, among other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Villarón
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University 3400 N. Charles St. Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Sander J Wezenberg
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
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26
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Krishnan BP, Xue L, Xiong X, Cui J. Photoinduced Strain-Assisted Synthesis of a Stiff-Stilbene Polymer by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Chemistry 2020; 26:14828-14832. [PMID: 32533881 PMCID: PMC7756494 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing a novel strategy to synthesize photoresponsive polymers is of significance owing to their potential applications. We report a photoinduced strain-assisted synthesis of main-chain stiff-stilbene polymers by using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), activating a macrocyclic π-bond connected to a stiff-stilbene photoswitch through a linker. Since the linker acts as an external constraint, the photoisomerization to the E-form leads to the stiff-stilbene being strained and thus reactive to ROMP. The photoisomerization of Z-form to E-form was investigated using time-dependent NMR studies and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The DFT calculation showed that the E-form was less stable due to a lack of planarity. By the internal strain developed due to the linker constraint through photoisomerization, the E-form underwent ROMP by a second generation Grubbs catalyst. In contrast, Z-form did not undergo polymerization under similar conditions. The MALDI-TOF spectrum of E-form after polymerization showed the presence of oligomers of >5.2 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiju P. Krishnan
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New MaterialsCampus D2 2Saarbrücken66123Germany
| | - Lulu Xue
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New MaterialsCampus D2 2Saarbrücken66123Germany
| | - Xinhong Xiong
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New MaterialsCampus D2 2Saarbrücken66123Germany
| | - Jiaxi Cui
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New MaterialsCampus D2 2Saarbrücken66123Germany
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
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27
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Wang L, Yu Y, Razgoniaev AO, Johnson PN, Wang C, Tian Y, Boulatov R, Craig SL, Widenhoefer RA. Mechanochemical Regulation of Oxidative Addition to a Palladium(0) Bisphosphine Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17714-17720. [PMID: 32957791 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the effect of force applied to the biaryl backbone of a bisphosphine ligand on the rate of oxidative addition of bromobenzene to a ligand-coordinated palladium center. Local compressive and tensile forces on the order of 100 pN were generated using a stiff stilbene force probe. A compressive force increases the rate of oxidative addition, whereas a tensile force decreases the rate, relative to that of the parent complex of strain-free ligand. Rates vary by a factor of ∼6 across ∼340 pN of force applied to the complexes. The crystal structures and DFT calculations support that force-induced perturbation of the geometry of the reactant is negligible. The force-rate relationship observed is mainly attributed to the coupling of force to nuclear motion comprising the reaction coordinate. These observations inform the development of catalysts whose activity can be tuned by an external force that is adjusted within a catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yichen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Anton O Razgoniaev
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Patricia N Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Chenxu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Yancong Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Roman Boulatov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Stephen L Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ross A Widenhoefer
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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28
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Medici F, Goual N, Delattre V, Voituriez A, Marinetti A. Photoswitchable phosphines in catalysis. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Medici
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Nawel Goual
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Vincent Delattre
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Arnaud Voituriez
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Angela Marinetti
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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29
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Villarón D, Wezenberg SJ. Stiff-Stilbene Photoswitches: From Fundamental Studies to Emergent Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13192-13202. [PMID: 32222016 PMCID: PMC7496324 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stiff-stilbene, a sterically restricted fused ring analogue of stilbene, has been regularly used as a model compound in theoretical studies of stilbene photoisomerization. Lately, owing to its excellent photoswitching properties, it is increasingly being applied to reversibly control the properties and function of chemical as well as biological systems. Stiff-stilbene photoswitches possess a number of advantageous properties including a high quantum yield for photoisomerization and a high thermal stability. Furthermore, they undergo a large geometrical change upon isomerization and their synthesis is straightforward. Herein, we provide an overview of the basic properties of stiff-stilbene and of recent applications in supramolecular chemistry, catalysis, and biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Villarón
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 55, 2333CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Sander J. Wezenberg
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 55, 2333CCLeidenThe Netherlands
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30
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Villarón D, Wezenberg SJ. Stiff‐Stilbene Photoswitches: From Fundamental Studies to Emergent Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Villarón
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Sander J. Wezenberg
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
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31
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Niedek D, Erb FR, Topp C, Seitz A, Wende RC, Eckhardt AK, Kind J, Herold D, Thiele CM, Schreiner PR. In Situ Switching of Site-Selectivity with Light in the Acetylation of Sugars with Azopeptide Catalysts. J Org Chem 2020; 85:1835-1846. [PMID: 31763833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel concept for the in situ control of site-selectivity of catalytic acetylations of partially protected sugars using light as external stimulus and oligopeptide catalysts equipped with an azobenzene moiety. The isomerizable azobenzene-peptide backbone defines the size and shape of the catalytic pocket, while the π-methyl-l-histidine (Pmh) moiety transfers the electrophile. Photoisomerization of the E- to the Z-azobenzene catalyst (monitored via NMR) with an LED (λ = 365 nm) drastically changes the chemical environment around the catalytically active Pmh moiety, so that the light-induced change in the catalyst shape alters site-selectivity. As a proof of principle, we employed (4,6-O-benzylidene)methyl-α-d-pyranosides, which provide a change in regioselectivity from 2:1 (E) to 1:5 (Z) for the monoacetylated products at room temperature. The validity of this new catalyst-design concept is further demonstrated with the regioselective acetylation of the natural product quercetin. In situ irradiation NMR spectroscopy was used to quantify photostationary states under continuous irradiation with UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Niedek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Frederik R Erb
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Christopher Topp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Alexander Seitz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Raffael C Wende
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - André K Eckhardt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Jonas Kind
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Dominik Herold
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Christina M Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
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32
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Dorel R, Feringa BL. Stereodivergent Anion Binding Catalysis with Molecular Motors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
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33
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Dorel R, Feringa BL. Stereodivergent Anion Binding Catalysis with Molecular Motors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:785-789. [PMID: 31736200 PMCID: PMC7004205 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A photoresponsive chiral catalyst based on an oligotriazole‐functionalized unidirectional molecular motor has been developed for stereodivergent anion binding catalysis. The motor function controls the helical chirality of supramolecular assemblies with chloride anions, which by means of chirality transfer enables the enantioselective addition of a silyl ketene acetal nucleophile to oxocarbenium cations. Reversal of stereoselectivity (up to 142 % Δee) was achieved through rotation of the motor core induced by photochemical and thermal isomerization steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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34
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Onneken C, Bussmann K, Gilmour R. Inversion externer asymmetrischer Induktion durch selektive Energietransfer‐Katalyse: Strategie zu β‐chiralen Phosphonat‐Antipoden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Onneken
- Organisch Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Kathrin Bussmann
- Organisch Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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35
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Onneken C, Bussmann K, Gilmour R. Inverting External Asymmetric Induction via Selective Energy Transfer Catalysis: A Strategy to β-Chiral Phosphonate Antipodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:330-334. [PMID: 31617957 PMCID: PMC6972697 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enantiodivergent, catalytic reduction of activated alkenes relays stereochemical information encoded in the antipodal chiral catalysts to the pro‐chiral substrate. Although powerful, the strategy remains vulnerable to costs and availability of sourcing both catalyst enantiomers. Herein, a stereodivergent hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated phosphonates is disclosed using a single enantiomer of the catalyst. This enables generation of the R‐ or S‐configured β‐chiral phosphonate with equal and opposite selectivity. Enantiodivergence is regulated at the substrate level through the development of a facile E → Z isomerisation. This has been enabled for the first time by selective energy transfer catalysis using anthracene as an inexpensive organic photosensitiser. Synthetically valuable in its own right, this process enables subsequent RhI‐mediated stereospecific hydrogenation to generate both enantiomers of the product using only the S‐catalyst (up to 99:1 and 3:97 e.r.). This strategy out‐competes the selectivities observed with the E‐substrate and the R‐catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Onneken
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Bussmann
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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36
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Barbee MH, Wang J, Kouznetsova T, Lu M, Craig SL. Mechanochemical Ring-Opening of Allylic Epoxides. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith H. Barbee
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Junpeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Tatiana Kouznetsova
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Meilin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Stephen L. Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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37
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Wang X, Liu WG, Tung CH, Wu LZ, Cong H. A Monophosphine Ligand Derived from Anthracene Photodimer: Synthetic Applications for Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions. Org Lett 2019; 21:8158-8163. [PMID: 31403303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present an air-stable dianthracenyl monophosphine ligand (diAnthPhos) which can be prepared in two steps from commercially available anthracene derivatives. The ligand exhibits excellent efficiency for palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions. In particular, Miyaura borylation of heterocycle-containing electrophiles can be facilitated employing the diAnthPhos ligand with a broad substrate scope and low catalyst loading. The valuable synthetic utility of the new ligand is further demonstrated by a one-pot Miyaura borylation/Suzuki coupling protocol for heteroaryl-containing substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & School of Future Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , China
| | - Wei-Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & School of Future Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & School of Future Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & School of Future Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & School of Future Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100190 , China
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38
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Liang D, Li L, Lynch C, Mackowiak B, Hedrich WD, Ai Y, Yin Y, Heyward S, Xia M, Wang H, Xue F. Human constitutive androstane receptor agonist DL5016: A novel sensitizer for cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapies. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:84-99. [PMID: 31247375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The DNA alkylating prodrug cyclophosphamide (CPA), alone or in combination with other agents, is one of the most commonly used anti-cancer agents. As a prodrug, CPA is activated by cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6), which is transcriptionally regulated by the human constitutive androstane receptor (hCAR). Therefore, hCAR agonists represent novel sensitizers for CPA-based therapies. Among known hCAR agonists, compound 6-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo-[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde-O-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxime (CITCO) is the most potent and broadly utilized in biological studies. Through structural modification of CITCO, we have developed a novel compound DL5016 (32), which has an EC50 value of 0.66 μM and EMAX value of 4.9 when activating hCAR. DL5016 robustly induced the expression of hCAR target gene CYP2B6, at both the mRNA and protein levels, and caused translocation of hCAR from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in human primary hepatocytes. The effects of DL5016 were highlighted by dramatically enhancing the efficacy of CPA-based cytotoxicity to non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Linhao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Caitlin Lynch
- 9800 Medical Center Drive, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Bryan Mackowiak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - William D Hedrich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Yong Ai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Scott Heyward
- BioIVT, 1450 S Rolling Rd, Halethorpe, MD, 21227, United States
| | - Menghang Xia
- 9800 Medical Center Drive, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States.
| | - Fengtian Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States.
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai‐Li Sun
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD United Kingdom
| | - Chenxu Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD United Kingdom
| | - Roman Boulatov
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD United Kingdom
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40
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Robertson JC, Coote ML, Bissember AC. Synthetic applications of light, electricity, mechanical force and flow. Nat Rev Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-019-0094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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41
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Zhang S, Qian H, Liu Z, Ju H, Lu Z, Zhang H, Chi L, Cui S. Towards Unveiling the Exact Molecular Structure of Amorphous Red Phosphorus by Single‐Molecule Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1659-1663. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, (Ministry of Education)Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Hu‐jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsInstitute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Hongyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, (Ministry of Education)Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Zhong‐yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsInstitute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Shuxun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, (Ministry of Education)Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
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42
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Zhang S, Qian H, Liu Z, Ju H, Lu Z, Zhang H, Chi L, Cui S. Towards Unveiling the Exact Molecular Structure of Amorphous Red Phosphorus by Single‐Molecule Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, (Ministry of Education)Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Hu‐jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsInstitute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Hongyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, (Ministry of Education)Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Zhong‐yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsInstitute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Shuxun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, (Ministry of Education)Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
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43
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Dorel R, Feringa BL. Photoswitchable catalysis based on the isomerisation of double bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6477-6486. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01891c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Photoswitchable catalysis is a young but rapidly evolving field that offers great potential for non-invasive dynamic control of both activity and selectivity in catalysis. This Feature Article summarises the key developments accomplished over the past years through the incorporation of photoswitchable double bonds into the structure of catalytically competent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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44
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Li Y, Caumes X, Raynal M, Bouteiller L. Modulation of catalyst enantioselectivity through reversible assembly of supramolecular helices. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2162-2165. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09819k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselectivity displayed by a supramolecular copper catalyst involved in successive reactions can be modulated through reversible assembly of the helices supporting the catalytic centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Sorbonne Université CNRS
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- Equipe Chimie des Polymères
- 75005 Paris
- France
| | - Xavier Caumes
- Sorbonne Université CNRS
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- Equipe Chimie des Polymères
- 75005 Paris
- France
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Université CNRS
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- Equipe Chimie des Polymères
- 75005 Paris
- France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université CNRS
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
- Equipe Chimie des Polymères
- 75005 Paris
- France
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45
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Multiresponsive polymeric microstructures with encoded predetermined and self-regulated deformability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:12950-12955. [PMID: 30514819 PMCID: PMC6304948 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811823115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The range of allowed deformation modes currently described for the actuation of microstructures is limited. In this work we introduce magnetic-field–guided encoding of highly controlled molecular anisotropy into 3D liquid-crystalline elastomer microstructures capable of displaying unique multiresponsive, shape-changing behaviors. The richness of the predetermined and self-regulated deformations and region-specific motions in these microstructural arrays gives rise to physicochemical insights, as well as potential applications in controlled adhesion, information encryption, soft robotics, and self-regulated light–material interactions. Dynamic functions of biological organisms often rely on arrays of actively deformable microstructures undergoing a nearly unlimited repertoire of predetermined and self-regulated reconfigurations and motions, most of which are difficult or not yet possible to achieve in synthetic systems. Here, we introduce stimuli-responsive microstructures based on liquid-crystalline elastomers (LCEs) that display a broad range of hierarchical, even mechanically unfavored deformation behaviors. By polymerizing molded prepolymer in patterned magnetic fields, we encode any desired uniform mesogen orientation into the resulting LCE microstructures, which is then read out upon heating above the nematic–isotropic transition temperature (TN–I) as a specific prescribed deformation, such as twisting, in- and out-of-plane tilting, stretching, or contraction. By further introducing light-responsive moieties, we demonstrate unique multifunctionality of the LCEs capable of three actuation modes: self-regulated bending toward the light source at T < TN–I, magnetic-field–encoded predetermined deformation at T > TN–I, and direction-dependent self-regulated motion toward the light at T > TN–I. We develop approaches to create patterned arrays of microstructures with encoded multiple area-specific deformation modes and show their functions in responsive release of cargo, image concealment, and light-controlled reflectivity. We foresee that this platform can be widely applied in switchable adhesion, information encryption, autonomous antennae, energy harvesting, soft robotics, and smart buildings.
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46
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Barbee MH, Kouznetsova T, Barrett SL, Gossweiler GR, Lin Y, Rastogi SK, Brittain WJ, Craig SL. Substituent Effects and Mechanism in a Mechanochemical Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12746-12750. [PMID: 30260221 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the effect of substituents on the force-induced reactivity of a spiropyran mechanophore. Using single molecule force spectroscopy, force-rate behavior was determined for a series of spiropyran derivatives substituted with H, Br, or NO2 para to the breaking spirocyclic C-O bond. The force required to achieve the rate constants of ∼10 s-1 necessary to observe transitions in the force spectroscopy experiments depends on the substituent, with the more electron withdrawing substituent requiring less force. Rate constants at 375 pN were determined for all three derivatives, and the force-coupled rate dependence on substituent identity is well explained by a Hammett linear free energy relationship with a value of ρ = 2.9, consistent with a highly polar transition state with heterolytic, dissociative character. The methodology paves the way for further application of linear free energy relationships and physical organic methodologies to mechanochemical reactions, and the characterization of new force probes should enable additional, quantitative studies of force-coupled molecular behavior in polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith H Barbee
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Tatiana Kouznetsova
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Scott L Barrett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas State University , San Marcos , Texas 78666 , United States
| | - Gregory R Gossweiler
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Yangju Lin
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Shiva K Rastogi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas State University , San Marcos , Texas 78666 , United States
| | - William J Brittain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas State University , San Marcos , Texas 78666 , United States
| | - Stephen L Craig
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
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47
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Barbee MH, Mondal K, Deng JZ, Bharambe V, Neumann TV, Adams JJ, Boechler N, Dickey MD, Craig SL. Mechanochromic Stretchable Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:29918-29924. [PMID: 30091895 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Soft and stretchable electronics are promising for a variety of applications such as wearable electronics, human-machine interfaces, and soft robotics. These devices, which are often encased in elastomeric materials, maintain or adjust their functionality during deformation, but can fail catastrophically if extended too far. Here, we report new functional composites in which stretchable electronic properties are coupled to molecular mechanochromic function, enabling at-a-glance visual cues that inform user control. These properties are realized by covalently incorporating a spiropyran mechanophore within poly(dimethylsiloxane) to indicate with a visible color change that a strain threshold has been reached. The resulting colorimetric elastomers can be molded and patterned so that, for example, the word "STOP" appears when a critical strain is reached, indicating to the user that further strain risks device failure. We also show that the strain at color onset can be controlled by layering silicones with different moduli into a composite. As a demonstration, we show how color onset can be tailored to indicate a when a specified frequency of a stretchable liquid metal antenna has been reached. The multiscale combination of mechanochromism and soft electronics offers a new avenue to empower user control of strain-dependent properties for future stretchable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith H Barbee
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | | | - John Z Deng
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Nicholas Boechler
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of California , La Jolla, San Diego , California 92093 , United States
| | | | - Stephen L Craig
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
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48
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Polymer Mechanochemistry: A New Frontier for Physical Organic Chemistry. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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49
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Arif T, Cazorla C, Bogliotti N, Saleh N, Blanchard F, Gandon V, Métivier R, Xie J, Voituriez A, Marinetti A. Bimetallic gold(i) complexes of photoswitchable phosphines: synthesis and uses in cooperative catalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy01614j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first photoswitchable bimetallic gold catalysts based on an azobenzene backbone have been synthesized and their catalytic properties have been investigated.
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50
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Wang Y, Tian Y, Chen YZ, Niu LY, Wu LZ, Tung CH, Yang QZ, Boulatov R. A light-driven molecular machine based on stiff stilbene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7991-7994. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04542a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a new molecular design for optically triggered nm-scale translation of a submolecular component relative to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Yancong Tian
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 7ZD
- UK
| | - Yu-Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Ya Niu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Qing-Zheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Roman Boulatov
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 7ZD
- UK
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