1
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Brouillac C, McIntosh N, Heinrich B, Jeannin O, De Sagazan O, Coulon N, Rault‐Berthelot J, Cornil J, Jacques E, Quinton C, Poriel C. Grafting Electron-Accepting Fragments on [4]cyclo-2,7-carbazole Scaffold: Tuning the Structural and Electronic Properties of Nanohoops. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309115. [PMID: 38251412 PMCID: PMC10987112 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Since the first applications of nanohoops in organic electronics appear promising, the time has come to go deeper into their rational design in order to reach high-efficiency materials. To do so, systematic studies dealing with the incorporation of electron-rich and/or electron-poor functional units on nanohoops have to be performed. Herein, the synthesis, the electrochemical, photophysical, thermal, and structural properties of two [4]cyclo-2,7-carbazoles, [4]C-Py-Cbz, and [4]C-Pm-Cbz, possessing electron-withdrawing units on their nitrogen atoms (pyridine or pyrimidine) are reported. The synthesis of these nanohoops is first optimized and a high yield above 50% is reached. Through a structure-properties relationship study, it is shown that the substituent has a significant impact on some physicochemical properties (eg HOMO/LUMO levels) while others are kept unchanged (eg fluorescence). Incorporation in electronic devices shows that the most electrically efficient Organic Field-Effect transistors are obtained with [4]C-Py-Cbz although this compound does not present the best-organized semiconductor layer. These experimental data are finally confronted with the electronic couplings between the nanohoops determined at the DFT level and have highlighted the origin in the difference of charge transport properties. [4]C-Py-Cbz has the advantage of a more 2D-like transport character than [4]C-Pm-Cbz, which alleviates the impact of defects and structural organization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nemo McIntosh
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsUniversity of MonsMonsB‐7000Belgium
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS)UMR 7504CNRS‐Université de Strasbourg23 rue du Loess, BP 43, Cedex 2Strasbourg67034France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsUniversity of MonsMonsB‐7000Belgium
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2
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Krasley A, Li E, Galeana JM, Bulumulla C, Beyene AG, Demirer GS. Carbon Nanomaterial Fluorescent Probes and Their Biological Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3085-3185. [PMID: 38478064 PMCID: PMC10979413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have broadly useful chemical and photophysical attributes that are conducive to applications in biology. In this review, we focus on materials whose photophysics allow for the use of these materials in biomedical and environmental applications, with emphasis on imaging, biosensing, and cargo delivery. The review focuses primarily on graphitic carbon nanomaterials including graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, as well as carbon dots and carbon nanohoops. Recent advances in and future prospects of these fields are discussed at depth, and where appropriate, references to reviews pertaining to older literature are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
T. Krasley
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Eugene Li
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jesus M. Galeana
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chandima Bulumulla
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Abraham G. Beyene
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Gozde S. Demirer
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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3
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Wang Y, Huang S, Zhang Z, Yan X. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Silole-Fused Cycloparaphenylenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:681-686. [PMID: 38065576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the introduction of a silole unit into cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs), and two compounds [12]Si3CPP and [16]Si4CPP are obtained by a platinum- and gold-mediated cyclooligomerization strategy. Their optical and electronic properties are studied by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra, which show red shifts and higher photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) compared with the corresponding CPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
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4
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Sato R, Utagawa A, Fushimi K, Li F, Isono T, Tajima K, Satoh T, Sato SI, Hirata H, Kikkawa Y, Yamamoto T. Molecular Weight-Dependent Oxidation and Optoelectronic Properties of Defect-Free Macrocyclic Poly(3-hexylthiophene). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030666. [PMID: 36771966 PMCID: PMC9920727 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The redox behaviors of macrocyclic molecules with an entirely π-conjugated system are of interest due to their unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. In this study, defect-free cyclic P3HT with a degree of polymerization (DPn) from 14 to 43 was synthesized based on our previously established method, and its unique redox behaviors arising from the cyclic topology were investigated. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed that the HOMO level of cyclic P3HT decreases from -4.86 eV (14 mer) to -4.89 eV (43 mer), in contrast to the linear counterparts increasing from -4.94 eV (14 mer) to -4.91 eV (43 mer). During the CV measurement, linear P3HT suffered from electro-oxidation at the chain ends, while cyclic P3HT was stable. ESR and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy suggested that cyclic P3HT has stronger dicationic properties due to the interactions between the polarons. On the other hand, linear P3HT showed characteristics of polaron pairs with multiple isolated polarons. Moreover, the dicationic properties of cyclic P3HT were more pronounced for the smaller macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Sato
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Atsuo Utagawa
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Koji Fushimi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Feng Li
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Sato
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
- Correspondence:
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5
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Zhu HP, Chai J, Qin R, Leng HJ, Wen X, Peng C, He G, Han B. Discovery of tetrahydrofuranyl spirooxindole-based SMYD3 inhibitors against gastric cancer via inducing lethal autophagy. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:115009. [PMID: 36527933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SMYD3 is a histone methyltransferase involved in transcriptional regulation, and its overexpression in various forms of cancer justifies that blocking SMYD3 functions can serve as a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment. Herein, a series of novel tetrahydrofuranyl spirooxindoles were designed and synthesized based on a structure-based drug design strategy. Subsequent biochemical analysis suggested that these novel SMYD3 inhibitors showed good anticancer activity against stomach adenocarcinoma both in vitro and in vivo. Among them, compound 7r exhibited potent inhibitory capacities against SMYD3 and BGC823 cells with IC50 values of 0.81 and 0.75 μM, respectively. Mechanistic investigations showed that 7r could suppress Akt methylation and activation by SMYD3 and trigger lethal autophagic flux inhibition via the Akt-mTOR pathway. Collectively, our results may bridge the rational discovery of privileged structures, epigenetic targeting of SMYD3, and regulation of autophagic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jinlong Chai
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hai-Jun Leng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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6
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Zhu M, Zhou Q, Cheng H, Sha Y, Bregadze VI, Yan H, Sun Z, Li X. Boron-Cluster Embedded Necklace-Shaped Nanohoops. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213470. [PMID: 36203221 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The combination of carbon-based nanohoops with other functional organic molecular structures should lead to the design of new molecular configurations with interesting properties. Here, necklace-like nanohoops embedded with carborane were synthesized for the first time. The unique deboronization of o-carborane has led to the facile preparation of ionic nanohoop compounds. Nanohoops functionalized by nido-o-carborane show excellent fluorescence emission, with a solution quantum yield of up to 90.0 % in THF and a solid-state quantum efficiency of 87.3 %, which opens an avenue for the applications of the nanohoops in OLEDs and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - He Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ye Sha
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Vladimir I Bregadze
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS) Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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7
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Roy I, David AHG, Das PJ, Pe DJ, Stoddart JF. Fluorescent cyclophanes and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5557-5605. [PMID: 35704949 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the serendipitous discovery of crown ethers by Pedersen more than half a century ago and the subsequent introduction of host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry by Cram and Lehn, respectively, followed by the design and synthesis of wholly synthetic cyclophanes-in particular, fluorescent cyclophanes, having rich structural characteristics and functions-have been the focus of considerable research activity during the past few decades. Cyclophanes with remarkable emissive properties have been investigated continuously over the years and employed in numerous applications across the field of science and technology. In this Review, we feature the recent developments in the chemistry of fluorescent cyclophanes, along with their design and synthesis. Their host-guest chemistry and applications related to their structure and properties are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Arthur H G David
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Partha Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - David J Pe
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA. .,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou, 311215, China
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8
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Huijun Z, Jianbin L. Syntheses and Properties of Heteroatom-Doped Conjugated Nanohoops. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202205006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Zhang L, Zhang G, Qu H, Todarwal Y, Wang Y, Norman P, Linares M, Surin M, Zhang H, Lin J, Jiang Y. Naphthodithiophene Diimide Based Chiral π‐Conjugated Nanopillar Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Guilan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Hang Qu
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yogesh Todarwal
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Patrick Norman
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Scientific Visualization Group, ITN Campus Norrköping Swedish e-Science Research Centre (SeRC) Linköping University 58183 Linköping Sweden
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials Centre of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) University of Mons—UMONS 20 Place du Parc 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Hui‐Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jianbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yun‐Bao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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10
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Zhang L, Zhang G, Qu H, Todarwal Y, Wang Y, Norman P, Linares M, Surin M, Zhang HJ, Lin J, Jiang YB. Naphthodithiophene Diimide Based Chiral π-Conjugated Nanopillar Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24543-24548. [PMID: 34291529 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structures, and properties of [4]cyclonaphthodithiophene diimides ([4]C-NDTIs) are described. NDTIs as important n-type building blocks were catenated in the α-positions of thiophene rings via an unusual electrochemical-oxidation-promoted macrocyclization route. The thiophene-thiophene junction in [4]C-NDTIs results in an ideal pillar shape. This interesting topology, along with appealing electronic and optical properties inherited from the NDTI units, endows the [4]C-NDTIs with both near-infrared (NIR) light absorptions, strong excitonic coupling, and tight encapsulation of C60 . Stable orientations of the NDTI units in the nanopillars lead to stable inherent chirality, which enables detailed circular dichroism studies on the impact of isomeric structures on π-conjugation. Remarkably, the [4]C-NDTIs maintain the strong π-π stacking abilities of NDTI units and thus adopt two-dimensional (2D) lattice arrays at the molecular level. These nanopillar molecules have great potential to mimic natural photosynthetic systems for the development of multifunctional organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guilan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hang Qu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yogesh Todarwal
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Patrick Norman
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Scientific Visualization Group, ITN, Campus Norrköping, Swedish e-Science Research Centre (SeRC), Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Centre of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons-UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Hui-Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jianbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yun-Bao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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11
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Yang Y, Huangfu S, Sato S, Juríček M. Cycloparaphenylene Double Nanohoop: Structure, Lamellar Packing, and Encapsulation of C 60 in the Solid State. Org Lett 2021; 23:7943-7948. [PMID: 34558903 PMCID: PMC8524662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new member of the cycloparaphenylene double-nanohoop family was synthesized. Its π-framework features two oval cavities that display different shapes depending on the crystallization conditions. Incorporation of the peropyrene bridge within the nanoring cycles via bay-regions alleviates steric effects and thus allows 1:1 complexation with C60 in the solid state. This nanocarbon adopts a lamellar packing motif, and our results suggest that the structural adjustment of this double nanohoop could enable its use in supramolecular and semiconductive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shangxiong Huangfu
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Mirzaei S, Castro E, Hernández Sánchez R. Conjugated Molecular Nanotubes. Chemistry 2021; 27:8642-8655. [PMID: 33780560 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular compounds with permanent tubular architectures displaying radial π-conjugation are exceedingly rare. Their radial and axial delocalization presents them with unique optical and electronic properties, such as remarkable tuning of their Stokes shifts, and redox switching between global and local aromaticity. Although these tubular compounds display large internal void spaces, these attributes have not been extensively explored, thus presenting future opportunities in the development of materials. By using cutting-edge synthetic methodologies to bend aromatic surfaces, large opportunities in synthesis, property discovery, and applications are expected in new members of this family of conjugated molecular nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Edison Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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13
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Hermann M, Wassy D, Esser B. Conjugated Nanohoops Incorporating Donor, Acceptor, Hetero- or Polycyclic Aromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15743-15766. [PMID: 32902109 PMCID: PMC9542246 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last 13 years several synthetic strategies were developed that provide access to [n]cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) and related conjugated nanohoops. A number of potential applications emerged, including optoelectronic devices, and their use as templates for carbon nanomaterials and in supramolecular chemistry. To tune the structural or optoelectronic properties of carbon nanohoops beyond the size‐dependent effect known for [n]CPPs, a variety of aromatic rings other than benzene were introduced. In this Review, we provide an overview of the syntheses, properties, and applications of conjugated nanohoops beyond [n]CPPs with intrinsic donor/acceptor structure or such that contain acceptor, donor, heteroaromatic or polycyclic aromatic units within the hoop as well as conjugated nanobelts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Hermann M, Wassy D, Esser B. Conjugated Nanohoops Incorporating Donor, Acceptor, Hetero‐ or Polycyclic Aromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
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15
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Miura T, Nakamuro T, Ishihara Y, Nagata Y, Murakami M. Chiral Macrocycles Having C 3 Symmetry Resulting from Orientation of Thiophene Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20475-20479. [PMID: 32770591 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An chiral RhII -catalyzed cyclooligomerization reaction of thiophenes having triazolyl and vinyl substituents at the 2- and 4-positions was studied. Structurally interesting cyclic trimers, having chirality that is ascribed only to the orientation of the 2,4-disubstituted thiophene rings, are obtained. The 2,4-disubstitution of the starting thiophene monomer allows production of each of the enantiomers. The observed electronic circular-dichroism spectra are in accord with those simulated by density-functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Miura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakamuro
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yumi Ishihara
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.,Present address: Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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16
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Miura T, Nakamuro T, Ishihara Y, Nagata Y, Murakami M. Chiral Macrocycles Having
C
3
Symmetry Resulting from Orientation of Thiophene Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Miura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Kyoto University, Katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakamuro
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Kyoto University, Katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- Present address: Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yumi Ishihara
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Kyoto University, Katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Kyoto University, Katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- Present address: Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Hokkaido University Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-Ku Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Kyoto University, Katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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17
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Lovell TC, Fosnacht KG, Colwell CE, Jasti R. Effect of curvature and placement of donor and acceptor units in cycloparaphenylenes: a computational study. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12029-12035. [PMID: 34094422 PMCID: PMC8162840 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03923c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes have promise as novel fluorescent materials. However, shifting their fluorescence beyond 510 nm is difficult. Herein, we computationally explore the effect of incorporating electron accepting and electron donating units on CPP photophysical properties at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311G** level. We demonstrate that incorporation of donor and acceptor units may shift the CPP fluorescence as far as 1193 nm. This computational work directs the synthesis of bright red-emitting CPPs. Furthermore, the nanohoop architecture allows for interrogation of strain effects on common conjugated polymer donor and acceptor units. Strain results in a bathochromic shift versus linear variants, demonstrating the value of using strain to push the limits of low band gap materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri C Lovell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Kaylin G Fosnacht
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Curtis E Colwell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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18
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Zhao H, Cao L, Huang S, Ma C, Chang Y, Feng K, Zhao LL, Zhao P, Yan X. Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties of m-Phenylene-Embedded Cycloparaphenylene Nanorings. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6951-6958. [PMID: 32408749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Five m-phenylene-embedded cycloparaphenylenes m3[9]CPP 1-5 were synthesized by the platinum-mediated cyclooligomerization strategy with high overall yields. The structures of m3[9]CPP 1-3 were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Compared to [9]CPP, m3[9]CPP 1 caused a significant blueshift in the UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra. This result shows that the radial π-conjugation is distorted and partially interrupted. The photophysical properties of m3[9]CPP 1 were further tuned by the introduction of various substituents for m3[9]CPP 2-5. Methoxy group substitution at m-phenylene did not change the photophysical properties significantly. Replacement of m-phenylene by tetrafluoro-m-phenylene achieved a significant blueshift. When the carboxyl group was embedded at m-phenylene or the methoxy group was embedded at p-phenylene, significant redshifts were observed with blue color emission. Theoretical calculations revealed that the decrease in the HOMO-LUMO gap in m3[9]CPP 4 and 5 is favorable for the redshift of the fluorescence spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxing Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhao Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Liang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
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19
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Nogami J, Tanaka Y, Sugiyama H, Uekusa H, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Tanaka K. Enantioselective Synthesis of Planar Chiral Zigzag-Type Cyclophenylene Belts by Rhodium-Catalyzed Alkyne Cyclotrimerization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9834-9842. [PMID: 32362122 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Planar chiral zigzag-type [8]- and [12]cyclophenylene (CP) belts have been synthesized in good yields with high ee values of 98% and 83%, respectively, by the rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular sequential cyclotrimerizations of the corresponding cyclic polyynes. The observed high enantioselectivity arises from the regioselective formation of a rhodacycle intermediate from an unsymmetric triyne unit. The X-ray crystal structural analysis of the racemic planar chiral zigzag-type [8]CP belt revealed that the uneven molecules mesh with each other to form a one-dimensional columnar packing structure, in which one column contains single enantiomers, giving two types of chiral columns [(S)- and (R)-form columns] arranged alternately. The ring strain of the zigzag-type [8]CP belt was smaller than that of the armchair-type [8]CPP belt despite its smaller ring size, due to the presence of the strain-relieving m-terphenyl moieties. The effect of the number of the benzene rings of the zigzag-type CP belts on absorption and emission peaks was small due to interruption of π-conjugation at the m-phenylene moieties. However, the bending effect on the absolute fluorescence quantum yield as well as absorption and emission peaks was significant. Concerning chiroptical properties, the modest anisotropy dissymmetry factors of ECD and CPL were observed in the [8]CP belt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruki Sugiyama
- Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences, Keio University, Hiyoshi 4-1-1, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan
| | | | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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20
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Sugita H, Ohta Y, Yokozawa T. Synthesis of cyclic aromatic polymer containing thiophene or pyridine by means of unstoichiometric Suzuki‐Miyaura cyclic polycondensation: Effect of the position of bromine of heteroarylenes on cyclic polycondensation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Sugita
- Department of Materials and Life ChemistryKanagawa University Kanagawa Yokohama Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohta
- Department of Materials and Life ChemistryKanagawa University Kanagawa Yokohama Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yokozawa
- Department of Materials and Life ChemistryKanagawa University Kanagawa Yokohama Japan
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Neue MaterialienUniversität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Max Delius
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Neue MaterialienUniversität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
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22
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Xu Y, von Delius M. The Supramolecular Chemistry of Strained Carbon Nanohoops. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:559-573. [PMID: 31190449 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Since 1996, a growing number of strained macrocycles, comprising only sp2 - or sp-hybridized carbon atoms within the ring, have become synthetically accessible, with the [n]cycloparaphenyleneacetylenes (CPPAs) and the [n]cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) being the most prominent examples. Now that robust and relatively general synthetic routes toward a diverse range of nanohoop structures have become available, the research focus is beginning to shift towards the exploration of their properties and applications. From a supramolecular chemistry perspective, these macrocycles offer unique opportunities as a result of their near-perfect circular shape, the unusually high degree of shape-persistence, and the presence of both convex and concave π-faces. In this Minireview, we give an overview on the use of strained carbon-rich nanohoops in host-guest chemistry, the preparation of mechanically interlocked architectures, and crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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23
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Wei Y, Zheng X, Lin D, Yuan H, Yin Z, Yang L, Yu Y, Wang S, Xie LH, Huang W. Superelectrophilic-Initiated C-H Functionalization at the β-Position of Thiophenes: A One-Pot Synthesis of trans-Stereospecific Saddle-Shaped Cyclic Compounds. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10701-10709. [PMID: 31364358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Superelectrophilic-initiated direct C-H functionalization of thiophenes at the β-position was developed. A series of trans-stereospecific [2,1-a]-IF-thiophene-fused cyclic compounds (4) with saddle-shaped structure were prepared in 17-30% yields through a one-pot superelectrophilic Friedel-Crafts reaction of dihydroindenofluorene with thiophene derivatives. From the crystal packing analyses of 4a, its skeleton shows both strong intermolecular π-π stacking and C-H···π stacking. Furthermore, the ring-dependent photophysical properties of 4 were confirmed by UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy as well as through the study of their fluorescence quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Xiangping Zheng
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Dongqing Lin
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Haoxuan Yuan
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zhipeng Yin
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Lei Yang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yang Yu
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Ling-Hai Xie
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China.,Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , 127 West Youyi Road , Xi'an 710072 , Shaanxi , China
| | - Wei Huang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China.,Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , 127 West Youyi Road , Xi'an 710072 , Shaanxi , China
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24
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Chen F, Kim J, Matsuo Y, Hong Y, Kim D, Tanaka T, Osuka A. ortho
‐Phenylene‐Bridged Hybrid Nanorings of 2,5‐Pyrrolylenes and 2,5‐Thienylenes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengkun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceKyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional p-Electronic Systems and Department of ChemistryYonsei University50, Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceKyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional p-Electronic Systems and Department of ChemistryYonsei University50, Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional p-Electronic Systems and Department of ChemistryYonsei University50, Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceKyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceKyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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25
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Ball M, Zhang B, Zhong Y, Fowler B, Xiao S, Ng F, Steigerwald M, Nuckolls C. Conjugated Macrocycles in Organic Electronics. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:1068-1078. [PMID: 30869865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This Account describes a body of research on the design, synthesis, and application of a new class of electronic materials made from conjugated macrocycles. Our macrocyclic design takes into consideration the useful attributes of fullerenes and what properties make fullerenes efficient n-type materials. We identified four electronic and structural elements: (1) a three-dimensional shape; (2) a conjugated and delocalized π-space; (3) the presence of an interior and exterior to the π-surface; and (4) low-energy unoccupied molecular orbitals allowing them to accept electrons. The macrocyclic design incorporates some of these properties, including a three-dimensional shape, an interior/exterior to the π-surface, and low-lying LUMOs maintaining the n-type semiconducting behavior, yet we also install synthetic flexibility in our approach in order to tune the properties further. Each of the macrocycles comprises perylenediimide cores wound together with linkers. The perylenediimide building block endows each macrocycle with the ability to accept electrons, while the synthetic flexibility to install different linkers allows us to create macrocycles with different electronic properties and sizes. We have created three macrocycles that all absorb well into the visible range of the solar spectrum and possess different shapes and sizes. We then use these materials in an array of applications that take advantage of their ability to function as n-type semiconductors, absorb in the visible range of the solar spectrum, and possess intramolecular cavities. This Account will discuss our progress in incorporating these new macrocycles in organic solar cells, organic photodetectors, organic field effect transistors, and sensors. The macrocycles outperform acyclic controls in organic solar cells. We find the more rigid macrocyclic structure results in less intrinsic charges and lower dark current in organic photodetectors. Our macrocyclic-based photodetector has the highest detectivity of non-fullerene acceptors. The macrocycles also function as sensors and are able to recognize nuanced differences in analytes. Perylenediimide-based fused oligomers are efficient materials in both organic solar cells and field effect transistors. We will use the oligomers to construct macrocycles for use in solar energy conversion. In addition, we will incorporate different electron-rich linkers in our cycles in an attempt to engineer the HOMO/LUMO gap further. Looking further into the future, we envision opportunities in applying these conjugated macrocycles as electronic host/guest materials, as concatenated electronic materials by threading the macrocycles with electroactive oligomers, and as a locus for catalysis that is driven by light and electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Brandon Fowler
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Shengxiong Xiao
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Fay Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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26
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Hayase N, Sugiyama H, Uekusa H, Shibata Y, Tanaka K. Rhodium-Catalyzed Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Photophysical Properties of [6]Cycloparaphenylene Tetracarboxylates. Org Lett 2019; 21:3895-3899. [PMID: 30973230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of C2-symmetrical [6]cycloparaphenylene (CPP) tetracarboxylates has been achieved via macrocyclization by the rhodium-catalyzed intermolecular stepwise cross-alkyne cyclotrimerization and subsequent reductive aromatization. The 1H NMR spectra of the thus-obtained C2-symmetrical [6]CPP-tetracarboxylates revealed that the rotation of unsubstituted benzene rings is slow at room temperature. These [6]CPPs formed columnar packing structures, and their absorption maxima were significantly blue-shifted compared to that of nonsubstituted [6]CPP due to the presence of four electron-withdrawing ester moieties.
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27
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Zhao H, Ma YC, Cao L, Huang S, Zhang JP, Yan X. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Chalcophenes-Embedded Cycloparaphenylenes. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5230-5235. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Chao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Banasiewicz M, Stężycki R, Kumar GD, Krzeszewski M, Tasior M, Koszarna B, Janiga A, Vakuliuk O, Sadowski B, Gryko DT, Jacquemin D. Electronic Communication in Pyrrolo[3,2-b
]pyrroles Possessing Sterically Hindered Aromatic Substituents. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Rafał Stężycki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - G. Dinesh Kumar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anita Janiga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230; Université de Nantes; 2, rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3 France
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29
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Mari G, De Crescentini L, Favi G, Santeusanio S, Mantellini F. 1,2-Diaza-1,3-diene-Based Multicomponent Reactions in Sequential Protocols to Synthesize Arylamino-5-hydrazonothiophene-3-carboxylates. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Mari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Section of Organic Chemistry and Organic Natural Compounds; University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”; Via I Maggetti 24 61029 Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Lucia De Crescentini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Section of Organic Chemistry and Organic Natural Compounds; University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”; Via I Maggetti 24 61029 Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Gianfranco Favi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Section of Organic Chemistry and Organic Natural Compounds; University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”; Via I Maggetti 24 61029 Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Stefania Santeusanio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Section of Organic Chemistry and Organic Natural Compounds; University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”; Via I Maggetti 24 61029 Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Fabio Mantellini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Section of Organic Chemistry and Organic Natural Compounds; University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”; Via I Maggetti 24 61029 Urbino (PU) Italy
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30
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Wu D, Cheng W, Ban X, Xia J. Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs): An Overview of Synthesis, Properties, and Potential Applications. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Wei Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Xiangtao Ban
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
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31
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Hasegawa M, Takahashi K, Inoue R, Haga S, Mazaki Y. Selenacalix[4]dithienothiophene: Synthesis, Structure, and Complexation of a Cyclic Tetramer of Selenide‐Bridging Dithienothiophene. Chem Asian J 2018; 14:1647-1650. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Hasegawa
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKitasato University 1–15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKitasato University 1–15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Ryota Inoue
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKitasato University 1–15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Shiori Haga
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKitasato University 1–15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mazaki
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKitasato University 1–15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
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32
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Ball ML, Zhang B, Xu Q, Paley DW, Ritter VC, Ng F, Steigerwald ML, Nuckolls C. Influence of Molecular Conformation on Electron Transport in Giant, Conjugated Macrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10135-10139. [PMID: 30063344 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe here the direct connection between the molecular conformation of a conjugated macrocycle and its macroscopic charge transport properties. We incorporate chiral, helical perylene diimide ribbons into the two separate macrocycles as the n-type, electron transporting material. As the macrocycles' films and electronic structures are analogous, the important finding is that the macrocycles' molecular structures and their associated dynamics determine device performance in organic field effect transistors. We show the more flexible macrocycle has a 4-fold increase in electron mobility in field effect transistor devices. Using a combination of spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, we find that the origin of the difference in device performance is the ability of more flexible isomer to make intermolecular contacts relative to the more rigid counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Ball
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Qizhi Xu
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States.,Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Daniel W Paley
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Virginia Cary Ritter
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Fay Ng
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States.,Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei 430072 , People's Republic of China
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33
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Yang Y, Chu M, Miao Q. From Phenanthrylene Butadiynylene Macrocycles to S-Heterocycloarenes. Org Lett 2018; 20:4259-4262. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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34
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Zhang B, Hernández Sánchez R, Zhong Y, Ball M, Terban MW, Paley D, Billinge SJL, Ng F, Steigerwald ML, Nuckolls C. Hollow organic capsules assemble into cellular semiconductors. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1957. [PMID: 29769520 PMCID: PMC5956104 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of electroactive molecules is a promising route to new types of functional semiconductors. Here we report a capsule-shaped molecule that assembles itself into a cellular semiconducting material. The interior space of the capsule with a volume of ~415 Å3 is a nanoenvironment that can accommodate a guest. To self-assemble these capsules into electronic materials, we functionalize the thiophene rings with bromines, which encode self-assembly into two-dimensional layers held together through halogen bonding interactions. In the solid state and in films, these two-dimensional layers assemble into the three-dimensional crystalline structure. This hollow material is able to form the active layer in field effect transistor devices. We find that the current of these devices has strong response to the guest’s interaction within the hollow spaces in the film. These devices are remarkable in their ability to distinguish, through their electrical response, between small differences in the guest. Perylene diimide-bithiophene macrocycles are electroactive and shape-persistent hosts. Here, the authors describe their self-assembly into a cellular organic semiconducting film whose voids are electrically sensitive to different guests, and which can function as the active layer in a field-effect transistor device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.,Columbia Nano Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Yu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Melissa Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Maxwell W Terban
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Daniel Paley
- Columbia Nano Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Simon J L Billinge
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.,Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Fay Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | | | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA. .,The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China.
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35
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Farajidizaji B, Thakellapalli H, Akhmedov NG, Wang KK. Synthesis of Molecular Nanohoops Bearing a Tetrahydro[6]cycloparaphenylene Fused to a Hydrogenated or a Bithiophene-Inserted Cycloparaphenylene. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1216-1222. [PMID: 29308641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Farajidizaji
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Haresh Thakellapalli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Novruz G. Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Kung K. Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
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36
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Kise K, Chen F, Kato K, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Cyclic Hybrids of Alternately Linked 2,5-Pyrrolylenes and 3,4-Thienylenes. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502
| | - Fengkun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502
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37
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Shouda T, Nakanishi K, Sasamori T, Tokitoh N, Kuramochi K, Tsubaki K. Synthesis and Structures of Zigzag Shaped [12]Cyclo-p-phenylene Composed of Dinaphthofuran Units and Biphenyl Units. J Org Chem 2017; 82:7850-7855. [PMID: 28675033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A [12]Cyclo-p-phenylene 9 composed of dinaphthofuran units and biphenyl units was synthesized through reductive elimination of the corresponding trinuclear complex by applying Yamago's method. The X-ray crystallographic analyses of 9 revealed that it adopts a zigzag conformation in the solid state. The UV-vis and fluorescence measurements of compound 9 indicated that it also preferentially took a zigzag conformation in the solution state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Shouda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kouji Kuramochi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tsubaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
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38
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Godin É, Bédard AC, Raymond M, Collins SK. Phase Separation Macrocyclization in a Complex Pharmaceutical Setting: Application toward the Synthesis of Vaniprevir. J Org Chem 2017; 82:7576-7582. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Éric Godin
- Département de Chimie,
Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Anne-Catherine Bédard
- Département de Chimie,
Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Michaël Raymond
- Département de Chimie,
Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Shawn K. Collins
- Département de Chimie,
Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada
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39
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Hitosugi S, Sato S, Matsuno T, Koretsune T, Arita R, Isobe H. Pentagon‐Embedded Cycloarylenes with Cylindrical Shapes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunpei Hitosugi
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | | | - Ryotaro Arita
- Center for Emergent Matter Science RIKEN Wako Saitama 351-098 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
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40
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Hitosugi S, Sato S, Matsuno T, Koretsune T, Arita R, Isobe H. Pentagon-Embedded Cycloarylenes with Cylindrical Shapes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9106-9110. [PMID: 28608471 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cylinder-shaped graphitic networks in carbon nanotubes have attracted interest from scientists in various disciplines. The chemical synthesis of segments thereof is considered as a challenging and appealing subject in chemistry, and deepens our understanding of curved and conjugated arrays of hexagons. We herein report the synthesis of cylinder-shaped molecules containing non-hexagon bridges in their conjugated systems. Multiple pentagon units were embedded in the cylinder-shaped discrete molecules, and the stereoisomerism originating from their helical carbon arrangements was studied. Structural analysis by NMR, UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction provided fundamental experimental information on the curved systems with conjugation across the pentagons. This study provides the first experimental guide for further explorations of anomalous non-hexagon arrays of graphitic carbon materials with cylindrical shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunpei Hitosugi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Koretsune
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-098, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Arita
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-098, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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41
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Thakellapalli H, Li S, Farajidizaji B, Baughman NN, Akhmedov NG, Popp BV, Wang KK. Synthesis and Properties of Conjugated Macrocycles Containing 2,7-Bis(2-thienyl)-9H-fluoren-9-one Units. Org Lett 2017; 19:2674-2677. [PMID: 28492330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haresh Thakellapalli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Behzad Farajidizaji
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Notashia N. Baughman
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Novruz G. Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Brian V. Popp
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Kung K. Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
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42
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Nishigaki S, Fukui M, Sugiyama H, Uekusa H, Kawauchi S, Shibata Y, Tanaka K. Synthesis, Structures, and Photophysical Properties of Alternating Donor–Acceptor Cycloparaphenylenes. Chemistry 2017; 23:7227-7231. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Nishigaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Miho Fukui
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Haruki Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Susumu Kawauchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yu Shibata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
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43
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Abstract
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes and analogues thereof are substances having excellent structural and electronic properties due to radial π-conjugation modes and porous structures. Since they are partial structures of carbon nanotubes, they have also attracted attention as a template for carbon nanotube synthesis. In this chapter, we introduce a series of research on the synthesis of cycloparaphenylenes and their analogues.
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44
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Quartapelle Procopio E, Benincori T, Appoloni G, Mussini PR, Arnaboldi S, Carbonera C, Cirilli R, Cominetti A, Longo L, Martinazzo R, Panigati M, Pò R. A family of solution-processable macrocyclic and open-chain oligothiophenes with atropoisomeric scaffolds: structural and electronic features for potential energy applications. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic and linear inherently chiral oligothiophenes have been employed as donors in bulk heterojunction solar cells with fullerenes as acceptors.
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45
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Farajidizaji B, Thakellapalli H, Li S, Huang C, Baughman NN, Akhmedov NG, Popp BV, Petersen JL, Wang KK. Synthesis of Cycloparaphenylenes Bearing Furan-2,5-diyl or 2,2’-Bifuran-5,5’-diyl Units in the Macrocyclic Structures. Chemistry 2016; 22:16420-16424. [PMID: 27607838 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Farajidizaji
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV 26506-6045 USA
| | - Haresh Thakellapalli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV 26506-6045 USA
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV 26506-6045 USA
| | - Changfeng Huang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV 26506-6045 USA
| | - Notashia N. Baughman
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV 26506-6045 USA
| | - Novruz G. Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV 26506-6045 USA
| | - Brian V. Popp
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV 26506-6045 USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Petersen
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV 26506-6045 USA
| | - Kung K. Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV 26506-6045 USA
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46
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Ball M, Zhong Y, Fowler B, Zhang B, Li P, Etkin G, Paley DW, Decatur J, Dalsania AK, Li H, Xiao S, Ng F, Steigerwald ML, Nuckolls C. Macrocyclization in the Design of Organic n-Type Electronic Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12861-12867. [PMID: 27666433 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we compare analogous cyclic and acyclic π-conjugated molecules as n-type electronic materials and find that the cyclic molecules have numerous benefits in organic photovoltaics. This is the first report of such a direct comparison. We designed two conjugated cycles for this study. Each comprises four subunits: one combines four electron-accepting, redox-active, diphenyl-perylenediimide subunits, and the other alternates two electron-donating bithiophene units with two diphenyl-perylenediimide units. We compare the macrocycles to acyclic versions of these molecules and find that, relative to the acyclic analogs, the conjugated macrocycles have bathochromically shifted UV-vis absorbances and are more easily reduced. In blended films, macrocycle-based devices show higher electron mobility and good morphology. All of these factors contribute to the more than doubling of the power conversion efficiency observed in organic photovoltaic devices with these macrocycles as the n-type, electron transporting material. This study highlights the importance of geometric design in creating new molecular semiconductors. The ease with which we can design and tune the electronic properties of these cyclic structures charts a clear path to creating a new family of cyclic, conjugated molecules as electron transporting materials in optoelectronic and electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Brandon Fowler
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Panpan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States.,The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai, China 200234
| | - Grisha Etkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Daniel W Paley
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - John Decatur
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ankur K Dalsania
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Hexing Li
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai, China 200234
| | - Shengxiong Xiao
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai, China 200234
| | - Fay Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States.,The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Optoelectronic Nano Materials and Devices Institute, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai, China 200234
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47
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Phulwale BV, Mishra SK, Nečas M, Mazal C. Phenanthrylene-butadiynylene and Phenanthrylene-thienylene Macrocycles: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6244-52. [PMID: 27398717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of macrocycles consisting of 9,10-substituted phenanthrenes connected by butadiynylene linkers in positions 3 and 6 has been described as well as their transformation into the corresponding phenanthrylene-thienylene macrocycles. Structure and properties of the macrocycles, such as self-association in solution and optical and electrochemical properties, were studied and reported in a comparative manner with respect to the effects of the different sizes and shapes of the macrocycles and the character and length of their side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhimrao Vaijnath Phulwale
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University , Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic
| | - Sushil Kumar Mishra
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Nečas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University , Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic
| | - Ctibor Mazal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University , Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic
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48
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Chen F, Tanaka T, Hong Y, Kim W, Kim D, Osuka A. ortho
-Phenylene-Bridged Cyclic Oligopyrroles: Conformational Flexibilities and Optical Properties. Chemistry 2016; 22:10597-606. [PMID: 27345774 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengkun Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Woojae Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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49
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Sakamoto H, Fujimori T, Li X, Kaneko K, Kan K, Ozaki N, Hijikata Y, Irle S, Itami K. Cycloparaphenylene as a molecular porous carbon solid with uniform pores exhibiting adsorption-induced softness. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4204-4210. [PMID: 30155066 PMCID: PMC6013928 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00092d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular carbon nanoring, cycloparaphenylene (CPP), is fascinating as a new class of carbonaceous porous solids with the uniform structure of an all-benzene surface.
The molecular carbon nanoring, cycloparaphenylene (CPP), is fascinating as a new class of carbonaceous porous solids with the uniform structure of an all-benzene surface. We explored the feasibility of [12]CPP as a carbon-based porous material and uncovered its unique adsorption properties due to its shape and highly nonpolar surface. Unlike other porous carbon solids, [12]CPP shows stepwise adsorption behaviors sensitive to the functionalities of the guest molecules. In situ powder X-ray diffraction and infrared spectra provided insights into how [12]CPP accommodates the guest molecules with structural deformation retaining its structural periodicity during the whole adsorption process, which exemplifies that this molecular nanoring represents an unprecedented carbon-based soft porous solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Sakamoto
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan . ; .,Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Toshihiko Fujimori
- Center for Energy and Environmental Science , Shinshu University , Nagano 380-8553 , Japan .
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Center for Energy and Environmental Science , Shinshu University , Nagano 380-8553 , Japan .
| | - Katsumi Kaneko
- Center for Energy and Environmental Science , Shinshu University , Nagano 380-8553 , Japan .
| | - Kai Kan
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan . ; .,Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Noriaki Ozaki
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan . ; .,Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Yuh Hijikata
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Stephan Irle
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan . ; .,Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
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50
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Singh AK, Ko DH, Vishwakarma NK, Jang S, Min KI, Kim DP. Micro-total envelope system with silicon nanowire separator for safe carcinogenic chemistry. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10741. [PMID: 26916423 PMCID: PMC4773427 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploration and expansion of the chemistries involving toxic or carcinogenic reagents are severely limited by the health hazards their presence poses. Here, we present a micro-total envelope system (μ-TES) and an automated total process for the generation of the carcinogenic reagent, its purification and its utilization for a desired synthesis that is totally enveloped from being exposed to the carcinogen. A unique microseparator is developed on the basis of SiNWs structure to replace the usual exposure-prone distillation in separating the generated reagent. Chloromethyl methyl ether chemistry is explored as a carcinogenic model in demonstrating the efficiency of the μ-TES that is fully automated so that feeding the ingredients for the generation is all it takes to produce the desired product. Syntheses taking days can be accomplished safely in minutes with excellent yields, which bodes well for elevating the carcinogenic chemistry to new unexplored dimensions. Carcinogenic compounds present difficulties in synthesis not just during reaction but perhaps especially during purification. Here, the authors report a microfluidic device for the use of carcinogenic chloromethyl methyl ether that includes a silicon nanowire separator allowing isolated, automated purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay K Singh
- National Center of Applied Microfluidic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Ko
- National Center of Applied Microfluidic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Niraj K Vishwakarma
- National Center of Applied Microfluidic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Seungwook Jang
- National Center of Applied Microfluidic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ik Min
- National Center of Applied Microfluidic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- National Center of Applied Microfluidic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang 37673, Korea
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