1
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Auger SA, Venkatachalapathy S, Suazo KFG, Wang Y, Sarkis AW, Bernhagen K, Justyna K, Schaefer JV, Wollack JW, Plückthun A, Li L, Distefano MD. Broadening the Utility of Farnesyltransferase-Catalyzed Protein Labeling Using Norbornene-Tetrazine Click Chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:922-933. [PMID: 38654427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry has gained widespread use in the study of many biological systems of interest, including protein prenylation. Prenylation is a post-translational modification, in which one or two 15- or 20-carbon isoprenoid chains are transferred onto cysteine residues near the C-terminus of a target protein. The three main enzymes─protein farnesyltransferase (FTase), geranylgeranyl transferase I (GGTase I), and geranylgeranyl transferase II (GGTase II)─that catalyze this process have been shown to tolerate numerous structural modifications in the isoprenoid substrate. This feature has previously been exploited to transfer an array of farnesyl diphosphate analogues with a range of functionalities, including an alkyne-containing analogue for copper-catalyzed bioconjugation reactions. Reported here is the synthesis of an analogue of the isoprenoid substrate embedded with norbornene functionality (C10NorOPP) that can be used for an array of applications, ranging from metabolic labeling to selective protein modification. The probe was synthesized in seven steps with an overall yield of 7% and underwent an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction with tetrazine-containing tags, allowing for copper-free labeling of proteins. The use of C10NorOPP for the study of prenylation was explored in the metabolic labeling of prenylated proteins in HeLa, COS-7, and astrocyte cells. Furthermore, in HeLa cells, these modified prenylated proteins were identified and quantified using label-free quantification (LFQ) proteomics with 25 enriched prenylated proteins. Additionally, the unique chemistry of C10NorOPP was utilized for the construction of a multiprotein-polymer conjugate for the targeted labeling of cancer cells. That construct was prepared using a combination of norbornene-tetrazine conjugation and azide-alkyne cycloaddition, highlighting the utility of the additional degree of orthogonality for the facile assembly of new protein conjugates with novel structures and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby A Auger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sneha Venkatachalapathy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kiall Francis G Suazo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Alexander W Sarkis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Bernhagen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Katarzyna Justyna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - James W Wollack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Catherine University, 2004 Randolph Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105, United States
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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2
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Kim KJ, Kim G, Bae JH, Song JJ, Kim HS. A pH-Responsive Virus-Like Particle as a Protein Cage for a Targeted Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302656. [PMID: 37966427 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
A stimuli-responsive protein self-assembly offers promising utility as a protein nanocage for biotechnological and medical applications. Herein, the development of a virus-like particle (VLP) that undergoes a transition between assembly and disassembly under a neutral and acidic pH, respectively, for a targeted delivery is reported. The structure of the bacteriophage P22 coat protein is used for the computational design of coat subunits that self-assemble into a pH-responsive VLP. Subunit designs are generated through iterative computational cycles of histidine substitutions and evaluation of the interaction energies among the subunits under an acidic and neutral pH. The top subunit designs are tested and one that is assembled into a VLP showing the highest pH-dependent structural transition is selected. The cryo-EM structure of the VLP is determined, and the structural basis of a pH-triggered disassembly is delineated. The utility of the designed VLP is exemplified through the targeted delivery of a cytotoxic protein cargo into tumor cells in a pH-dependent manner. These results provide strategies for the development of self-assembling protein architectures with new functionality for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Jip Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Gijeong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Ji-Joon Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejon, 34141, South Korea
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3
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Kim DG, Kim U, Park IH, Ryu B, Yoo Y, Cha JS, Yoon GY, Kim SH, Oh H, Seo JY, Nam KT, Seong JK, Shin JS, Cho HS, Kim HS. A bivalent form of a RBD-specific synthetic antibody effectively neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants. Antiviral Res 2023; 220:105738. [PMID: 37944822 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is severely impacting the world, and tremendous efforts have been made to deal with it. Despite many advances in vaccines and therapeutics, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants remains an intractable challenge. We present a bivalent Receptor Binding Domain (RBD)-specific synthetic antibody, specific for the RBD of wild-type (lineage A), developed from a non-antibody protein scaffold composed of LRR (Leucine-rich repeat) modules through phage display. We further reinforced the unique feature of the synthetic antibody by constructing a tandem dimeric form. The resulting bivalent form showed a broader neutralizing activity against the variants. The in vivo neutralizing efficacy of the bivalent synthetic antibody was confirmed using a human ACE2-expressing mouse model that significantly alleviated viral titer and lung infection. The present approach can be used to develop a synthetic antibody showing a broader neutralizing activity against a multitude of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Gun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Uijin Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - In Ho Park
- Institute of Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Bumhan Ryu
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, South Korea
| | - Youngki Yoo
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Cha
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ga-Yeon Yoon
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Heeju Oh
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jun-Young Seo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeon-Soo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Institute of Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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4
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Sasso J, Tenchov R, Bird R, Iyer KA, Ralhan K, Rodriguez Y, Zhou QA. The Evolving Landscape of Antibody-Drug Conjugates: In Depth Analysis of Recent Research Progress. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1951-2000. [PMID: 37821099 PMCID: PMC10655051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are targeted immunoconjugate constructs that integrate the potency of cytotoxic drugs with the selectivity of monoclonal antibodies, minimizing damage to healthy cells and reducing systemic toxicity. Their design allows for higher doses of the cytotoxic drug to be administered, potentially increasing efficacy. They are currently among the most promising drug classes in oncology, with efforts to expand their application for nononcological indications and in combination therapies. Here we provide a detailed overview of the recent advances in ADC research and consider future directions and challenges in promoting this promising platform to widespread therapeutic use. We examine data from the CAS Content Collection, the largest human-curated collection of published scientific information, and analyze the publication landscape of recent research to reveal the exploration trends in published documents and to provide insights into the scientific advances in the area. We also discuss the evolution of the key concepts in the field, the major technologies, and their development pipelines with company research focuses, disease targets, development stages, and publication and investment trends. A comprehensive concept map has been created based on the documents in the CAS Content Collection. We hope that this report can serve as a useful resource for understanding the current state of knowledge in the field of ADCs and the remaining challenges to fulfill their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet
M. Sasso
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Robert Bird
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | | | | | - Yacidzohara Rodriguez
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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5
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Yang Q, Chen H, Ou C, Zheng Z, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zong G, Wang LX. Evaluation of Two Chemoenzymatic Glycan Remodeling Approaches to Generate Site-Specific Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:71. [PMID: 37987249 PMCID: PMC10660516 DOI: 10.3390/antib12040071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fc-glycosite-specific antibody-drug conjugation represents a promising direction for the preparation of site-specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). In the present research, we conducted a systemic evaluation of two endoglycosidase-catalyzed chemoenzymatic glycoengineering technologies to prepare glycosite-specific ADCs. In the first two-step approach, the antibody was deglycosylated and then reglycosylated with a modified intact N-glycan oxazoline. In the second one-pot approach, antibodies were deglycosylated and simultaneously glycosylated with a functionalized disaccharide oxazoline. For the comprehensive evaluation, we first optimized and scaled-up the preparation of azido glycan oxazolines. Afterwards, we proved that the one-pot glycan-remodeling approach was efficient for all IgG subclasses. Subsequently, we assembled respective ADCS using two technology routes, with two different linker-payloads combinations, and performed systemic in vitro and in vivo evaluations. All the prepared ADCs achieved high homogeneity and illustrated excellent stability in buffers with minimum aggregates, and exceptional stability in rat serum. All ADCs displayed a potent killing of BT-474 breast cancer cells. Moving to the mouse study, the ADCs prepared from two technology routes displayed potent and similar efficacy in a BT-474 xenograft model, which was comparable to an FDA-approved ADC generated from random conjugation. These ADCs also demonstrated excellent safety and did not cause body weight loss at the tested dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- GlycoT Therapeutics, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - He Chen
- GlycoT Therapeutics, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Chong Ou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zhihao Zheng
- GlycoT Therapeutics, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Guanghui Zong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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6
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Alexander AK, Elshahawi SI. Promiscuous Enzymes for Residue-Specific Peptide and Protein Late-Stage Functionalization. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300372. [PMID: 37338668 PMCID: PMC10496146 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The late-stage functionalization of peptides and proteins holds significant promise for drug discovery and facilitates bioorthogonal chemistry. This selective functionalization leads to innovative advances in in vitro and in vivo biological research. However, it is a challenging endeavor to selectively target a certain amino acid or position in the presence of other residues containing reactive groups. Biocatalysis has emerged as a powerful tool for selective, efficient, and economical modifications of molecules. Enzymes that have the ability to modify multiple complex substrates or selectively install nonnative handles have wide applications. Herein, we highlight enzymes with broad substrate tolerance that have been demonstrated to modify a specific amino acid residue in simple or complex peptides and/or proteins at late-stage. The different substrates accepted by these enzymes are mentioned together with the reported downstream bioorthogonal reactions that have benefited from the enzymatic selective modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K Alexander
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Sherif I Elshahawi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
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7
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Najminejad Z, Dehghani F, Mirzaei Y, Mer AH, Saghi SA, Abdolvahab MH, Bagheri N, Meyfour A, Jafari A, Jahandideh S, Gharibi T, Amirkhani Z, Delam H, Mashatan N, Shahsavarani H, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M. Clinical perspective: Antibody-drug conjugates for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1874-1903. [PMID: 36950736 PMCID: PMC10362395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a promising class of cancer biopharmaceuticals that exploit the specificity of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to selectively deliver highly cytotoxic small molecules to targeted cancer cells, leading to an enhanced therapeutic index through increased antitumor activity and decreased off-target toxicity. ADCs hold great promise for the treatment of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer after the approval and tremendous success of trastuzumab emtansine and trastuzumab deruxtecan, representing a turning point in both HER2-positive breast cancer treatment and ADC technology. Additionally and importantly, a total of 29 ADC candidates are now being investigated in different stages of clinical development for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide an insight into the ADC field in cancer treatment and present a comprehensive overview of ADCs approved or under clinical investigation for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Najminejad
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913355, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dehghani
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan 7431895639, Iran
| | - Yousef Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Ali Hussein Mer
- Department of Nursing, Mergasour Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Seyyed Amirreza Saghi
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan 7431895639, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Haji Abdolvahab
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord 8813733450, Iran
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
| | - Saeed Jahandideh
- Department of Research and Development, Orchidgene co, Tehran 1387837584, Iran
| | - Tohid Gharibi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665931, Iran
| | - Zahra Amirkhani
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan 7431895639, Iran
| | - Hamed Delam
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan 7431895639, Iran
| | - Noushin Mashatan
- Graduated, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
| | - Hosein Shahsavarani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983963113, Iran.
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8
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Debon A, Siirola E, Snajdrova R. Enzymatic Bioconjugation: A Perspective from the Pharmaceutical Industry. JACS AU 2023; 3:1267-1283. [PMID: 37234110 PMCID: PMC10207132 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes have firmly established themselves as bespoke catalysts for small molecule transformations in the pharmaceutical industry, from early research and development stages to large-scale production. In principle, their exquisite selectivity and rate acceleration can also be leveraged for modifying macromolecules to form bioconjugates. However, available catalysts face stiff competition from other bioorthogonal chemistries. In this Perspective, we seek to illuminate applications of enzymatic bioconjugation in the face of an expanding palette of new drug modalities. With these applications, we wish to highlight some examples of current successes and pitfalls of using enzymes for bioconjugation along the pipeline and try to illustrate opportunities for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Debon
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute
for Biomedical Research, Basel 4108, Switzerland
| | - Elina Siirola
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute
for Biomedical Research, Basel 4108, Switzerland
| | - Radka Snajdrova
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute
for Biomedical Research, Basel 4108, Switzerland
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9
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Obeng EM, Fulcher AJ, Wagstaff KM. Harnessing sortase A transpeptidation for advanced targeted therapeutics and vaccine engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108108. [PMID: 36740026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of potent prophylactic and therapeutic complexes has always required careful protein modification techniques with seamless capabilities. In this light, methods that favor unobstructed multivalent targeting and correct antigen presentations remain essential and very demanding. Sortase A (SrtA) transpeptidation has exhibited these attributes in various settings over the years. However, its applications for engineering avidity-inspired therapeutics and potent vaccines have yet to be significantly noticed, especially in this era where active targeting and multivalent nanomedications are in great demand. This review briefly presents the SrtA enzyme and its associated transpeptidation activity and describes interesting sortase-mediated protein engineering and chemistry approaches for achieving multivalent therapeutic and antigenic responses. The review further highlights advanced applications in targeted delivery systems, multivalent therapeutics, adoptive cellular therapy, and vaccine engineering. These innovations show the potential of sortase-mediated techniques in facilitating the development of simple plug-and-play nanomedicine technologies against recalcitrant diseases and pandemics such as cancer and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene M Obeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Alex J Fulcher
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kylie M Wagstaff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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10
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Yamazaki S, Inoue K, Mihara Y, Matsuda Y. Tag‐Free Antibody Modification Mediated by Lipoic Acid Ligase A: Application to Antibody‐Drug Conjugates Production. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kota Inoue
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc. 1-1 Suzuki-cho 210-8681 Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mihara
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc. 1-1 Suzuki-cho 210-8681 Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuda
- Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services 11040 Roselle Street 92121 San Diego CA United States
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11
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Kim HS, Bae JH, Kim G, Song JJ, Kim HS. Construction and Functionalization of a Clathrin Assembly for a Targeted Protein Delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204620. [PMID: 36456203 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein assemblies have drawn much attention as platforms for biomedical applications, including gene/drug delivery and vaccine, due to biocompatibility and functional diversity. Here, the construction and functionalization of a protein assembly composed of human clathrin heavy chain and light chain for a targeted protein delivery, is presented. The clathrin heavy and light chains are redesigned and associated with each other, and the resulting triskelion unit further self-assembled into a clathrin assembly with the size of about 28 nm in diameter. The clathrin assembly is dual-functionalized with a protein cargo and a targeting moiety using two different orthogonal protein-ligand pairs through one-pot reaction. The functionalized clathrin assembly exhibits about a 900-fold decreased KD value for a cell-surface target due to avidity compared to a native targeting moiety. The utility of the clathrin assembly is demonstrated by an efficient delivery of a protein cargo into tumor cells in a target-specific manner, resulting in a strong cytotoxic effect. The present approach can be used in the creation of protein assemblies with multimodality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sik Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gijeong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Joon Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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12
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Yamazaki S, Matsuda Y. Tag‐Free Enzymatic Modification for Antibody−Drug Conjugate Production. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yutaka Matsuda
- Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services 11040 Roselle Street San Diego CA 92121 United States
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13
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Munawar S, Zahoor AF, Ali S, Javed S, Irfan M, Irfan A, Kotwica-Mojzych K, Mojzych M. Mitsunobu Reaction: A Powerful Tool for the Synthesis of Natural Products: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:6953. [PMID: 36296545 PMCID: PMC9609662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mitsunobu reaction plays a vital part in organic chemistry due to its wide synthetic applications. It is considered as a significant reaction for the interconversion of one functional group (alcohol) to another (ester) in the presence of oxidizing agents (azodicarboxylates) and reducing agents (phosphines). It is a renowned stereoselective reaction which inverts the stereochemical configuration of end products. One of the most important applications of the Mitsunobu reaction is its role in the synthesis of natural products. This review article will focus on the contribution of the Mitsunobu reaction towards the total synthesis of natural products, highlighting their biological potential during recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Munawar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Katarzyna Kotwica-Mojzych
- Laboratory of Experimental Cytology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Mojzych
- Department of Chemistry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3-go Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
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14
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Enzymatic Construction of DARPin-Based Targeted Delivery Systems Using Protein Farnesyltransferase and a Capture and Release Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911537. [PMID: 36232839 PMCID: PMC9569580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-based conjugates have been extensively utilized in various biotechnological and therapeutic applications. In order to prepare homogeneous conjugates, site-specific modification methods and efficient purification strategies are both critical factors to be considered. The development of general and facile conjugation and purification strategies is therefore highly desirable. Here, we apply a capture and release strategy to create protein conjugates based on Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins), which are engineered antigen-binding proteins with prominent affinity and selectivity. In this case, DARPins that target the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), a diagnostic cell surface marker for many types of cancer, were employed. The DARPins were first genetically modified with a C-terminal CVIA sequence to install an enzyme recognition site and then labeled with an aldehyde functional group employing protein farnesyltransferase. Using a capture and release strategy, conjugation of the labeled DARPins to a TAMRA fluorophore was achieved with either purified proteins or directly from crude E. coli lysate and used in subsequent flow cytometry and confocal imaging analysis. DARPin-MMAE conjugates were also prepared yielding a construct manifesting an IC50 of 1.3 nM for cell killing of EpCAM positive MCF-7 cells. The method described here is broadly applicable to enable the streamlined one-step preparation of protein-based conjugates.
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15
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Challenges for the application of EGFR-targeting peptide GE11 in tumor diagnosis and treatment. J Control Release 2022; 349:592-605. [PMID: 35872181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal regulation of cell signaling pathways on cell survival, proliferation and migration contributes to the development of malignant tumors. Among them, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most important biomarkers in many types of malignant solid tumors. Its over-expression and mutation status can be served as a biomarker to identify patients who can be benifit from EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and anti-EGFR monocloncal antibody (mAb) therapy. For decades, researches on EGFR targeted ligands were actively carried out to identify potent candidates for cancer therapy. An ideal EGFR ligand can competitively inhibit the binding of endogenous growth factor, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-α(TGF-α) to EGFR, thus block EGFR signaling pathway and downregulate EGFR expression. Alternatively, conjugation of EGFR ligands on drug delivery systems (DDS) can facilitate targeting delivery of therapeutics or diagnostic agents to EGFR over-expression tumors via EGFR-mediated endocytosis. GE11 peptide is one of the potent EGFR ligand screened from a phage display peptide library. It is a dodecapeptide that can specifically binds to EGFR with high affinity and selectivity. GE11 has been widely used in the diagnosis and targeted delivery of drugs for radiotherapy, genetherapy and chemotherpy against EGFR positive tumors. In this review, the critical factors affecting the in vivo and in vitro targeting performance of GE11 peptide, including ligand-receptor intermolecular force, linker bond properties and physiochemical properties of carrier materials, are detailedly interpreted. This review provides a valuable vision for the rational design and optimization of GE11-based active targeting strategies for cancer treatment, and it will promote the translation studies of GE11 from lab research to clinical application.
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16
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Glioblastoma mutations alter EGFR dimer structure to prevent ligand bias. Nature 2022; 602:518-522. [PMID: 35140400 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently mutated in human cancer1,2, and is an important therapeutic target. EGFR inhibitors have been successful in lung cancer, where mutations in the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain activate the receptor1, but not in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)3, where mutations occur exclusively in the extracellular region. Here we show that common extracellular GBM mutations prevent EGFR from discriminating between its activating ligands4. Different growth factor ligands stabilize distinct EGFR dimer structures5 that signal with different kinetics to specify or bias outcome5,6. EGF itself induces strong symmetric dimers that signal transiently to promote proliferation. Epiregulin (EREG) induces much weaker asymmetric dimers that drive sustained signalling and differentiation5. GBM mutations reduce the ability of EGFR to distinguish EREG from EGF in cellular assays, and allow EGFR to form strong (EGF-like) dimers in response to EREG and other low-affinity ligands. Using X-ray crystallography, we further show that the R84K GBM mutation symmetrizes EREG-driven extracellular dimers so that they resemble dimers normally seen with EGF. By contrast, a second GBM mutation, A265V, remodels key dimerization contacts to strengthen asymmetric EREG-driven dimers. Our results argue for an important role of altered ligand discrimination by EGFR in GBM, with potential implications for therapeutic targeting.
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17
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Peng H. Perspectives on the development of antibody-drug conjugates targeting ROR1 for hematological and solid cancers. Antib Ther 2021; 4:222-227. [PMID: 34805745 PMCID: PMC8597957 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are targeted therapeutics generated by conjugation of cytotoxic small molecules to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) via chemical linkers. Due to their selective delivery of toxic payloads to antigen-positive cancer cells, ADCs demonstrate wider therapeutic indexes compared with conventional chemotherapy. After decades of intensive research and development, significant advances have been made in the field, leading to a total of 10 U.S. food and drug administration (FDA)-approved ADCs to treat cancer patients. Currently, ~80 ADCs targeting different antigens are under clinical evaluation for treatment of either hematological or solid malignancies. Notably, three ADCs targeting the same oncofetal protein, receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1), have attracted considerable attention when they were acquired or licensed successively in the fourth quarter of 2020 by three major pharmaceutical companies. Apparently, ROR1 has emerged as an attractive target for cancer therapy. Since all the components of ADCs, including the antibody, linker and payload, as well as the conjugation method, play critical roles in ADC’s efficacy and performance, their choice and combination will determine how far they can be advanced. This review summarizes the design and development of current anti-ROR1 ADCs and highlights an emerging trend to target ROR1 for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyong Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, C278, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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18
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Structural and Functional Characterizations of Cancer Targeting Nanoparticles Based on Hepatitis B Virus Capsid. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179140. [PMID: 34502049 PMCID: PMC8430771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer targeting nanoparticles have been extensively studied, but stable and applicable agents have yet to be developed. Here, we report stable nanoparticles based on hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) for cancer therapy. HBcAg monomers assemble into spherical capsids of 180 or 240 subunits. HBcAg was engineered to present an affibody for binding to human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR) and to present histidine and tyrosine tags for binding to gold ions. The HBcAg engineered to present affibody and tags (HAF) bound specifically to EGFR and exterminated the EGFR-overexpressing adenocarcinomas under alternating magnetic field (AMF) after binding with gold ions. Using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we obtained the molecular structures of recombinant HAF and found that the overall structure of HAF was the same as that of HBcAg, except with the affibody on the spike. Therefore, HAF is viable for cancer therapy with the advantage of maintaining a stable capsid form. If the affibody in HAF is replaced with a specific sequence to bind to another targetable disease protein, the nanoparticles can be used for drug development over a wide spectrum.
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19
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Suazo KF, Park KY, Distefano MD. A Not-So-Ancient Grease History: Click Chemistry and Protein Lipid Modifications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7178-7248. [PMID: 33821625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein lipid modification involves the attachment of hydrophobic groups to proteins via ester, thioester, amide, or thioether linkages. In this review, the specific click chemical reactions that have been employed to study protein lipid modification and their use for specific labeling applications are first described. This is followed by an introduction to the different types of protein lipid modifications that occur in biology. Next, the roles of click chemistry in elucidating specific biological features including the identification of lipid-modified proteins, studies of their regulation, and their role in diseases are presented. A description of the use of protein-lipid modifying enzymes for specific labeling applications including protein immobilization, fluorescent labeling, nanostructure assembly, and the construction of protein-drug conjugates is presented next. Concluding remarks and future directions are presented in the final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiall F Suazo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Keun-Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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20
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Computationally-guided design and affinity improvement of a protein binder targeting a specific site on HER2. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1325-1334. [PMID: 33738081 PMCID: PMC7941009 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A protein binder with a desired epitope and binding affinity is critical to the development of therapeutic agents. Here we present computationally-guided design and affinity improvement of a protein binder recognizing a specific site on domain IV of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). As a model, a protein scaffold composed of Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) modules was used. We designed protein binders which appear to bind a target site on domain IV using a computational method. Top 10 designs were expressed and tested with binding assays, and a lead with a low micro-molar binding affinity was selected. Binding affinity of the selected lead was further increased by two-orders of magnitude through mutual feedback between computational and experimental methods. The utility and potential of our approach was demonstrated by determining the binding interface of the developed protein binder through its crystal structure in complex with the HER2 domain IV.
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21
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Dissecting the impact of target-binding kinetics of protein binders on tumor localization. iScience 2021; 24:102104. [PMID: 33615202 PMCID: PMC7881221 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic control of in vivo behavior of protein-based therapeutics is considered highly desirable for improving their clinical outcomes. Modulation of biochemical properties including molecular weight, surface charge, and binding affinity has thus been suggested to enhance their therapeutic effects. However, establishing a relationship between the binding affinity and tumor localization remains a debated issue. Here we investigate the influence of the binding affinity of proteins on tumor localization by using four repebodies having different affinities to EGFR. Biochemical analysis and molecular imaging provided direct evidence that optimal affinity with balanced target binding and dissociation can facilitate deep penetration and accumulation of protein binders in tumors by overcoming the binding-site-barrier effect. Our findings suggest that binding kinetics-based protein design can be implicated in the development of fine-tuned protein therapeutics for cancers. High binding affinity limits the tumor localization of protein binders in vivo Moderate-affinity binders can exhibit better tumor localization than higher binders Binding kinetics of binders play a central role in controlling tumor localization Exploring the optimal affinity of binders can enhance their therapeutic potential
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22
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Walsh SJ, Bargh JD, Dannheim FM, Hanby AR, Seki H, Counsell AJ, Ou X, Fowler E, Ashman N, Takada Y, Isidro-Llobet A, Parker JS, Carroll JS, Spring DR. Site-selective modification strategies in antibody-drug conjugates. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1305-1353. [PMID: 33290462 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00310g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) harness the highly specific targeting capabilities of an antibody to deliver a cytotoxic payload to specific cell types. They have garnered widespread interest in drug discovery, particularly in oncology, as discrimination between healthy and malignant tissues or cells can be achieved. Nine ADCs have received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration and more than 80 others are currently undergoing clinical investigations for a range of solid tumours and haematological malignancies. Extensive research over the past decade has highlighted the critical nature of the linkage strategy adopted to attach the payload to the antibody. Whilst early generation ADCs were primarily synthesised as heterogeneous mixtures, these were found to have sub-optimal pharmacokinetics, stability, tolerability and/or efficacy. Efforts have now shifted towards generating homogeneous constructs with precise drug loading and predetermined, controlled sites of attachment. Homogeneous ADCs have repeatedly demonstrated superior overall pharmacological profiles compared to their heterogeneous counterparts. A wide range of methods have been developed in the pursuit of homogeneity, comprising chemical or enzymatic methods or a combination thereof to afford precise modification of specific amino acid or sugar residues. In this review, we discuss advances in chemical and enzymatic methods for site-specific antibody modification that result in the generation of homogeneous ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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23
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Min B, Jin J, Kim H, Her NG, Park C, Kim D, Yang J, Hwang J, Kim E, Choi M, Song HY, Nam DH, Yoon Y. cIRCR201-dPBD, a Novel Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Dimer-Containing Site-Specific Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targeting c-Met Overexpression Tumors. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25798-25809. [PMID: 33073104 PMCID: PMC7557224 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
c-Met, as a receptor expressed on the cell membrane, contributes to the growth and metastasis of tumors, as well as angiogenesis, mainly through the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met axis during tumor progression. Although several c-Met inhibitors, including small molecules and monoclonal antibody inhibitors, are currently being investigated, their clinical outcomes have not been promising. Development of an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) against c-Met could be an attractive therapeutic strategy that would provide superior antitumor efficacy with broad-spectrum c-Met expression levels. In the present study, site-specific drug-conjugate technology was applied to develop an ADC using the human-mouse cross-reactive c-Met antibody and a prodrug pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD). The toxin payload was uniformly conjugated to the light-chain C-terminus of the native cIRCR201 antibody (drug-to-antibody ratio = 2), as confirmed using LC-MS. Using a high-throughput screening system, we found that cIRCR201-dPBD exhibited varying sensitivities depending on the expression levels of c-Met, and it induced receptor-mediated endocytosis and toxin-mediated apoptosis in 47 different cancer cell lines. cIRCR201-dPBD also showed significant antitumor activity on the MET-amplified cancer cells using in vivo xenograft models. Therefore, cIRCR201-dPBD could be a promising therapeutic strategy for tumors with c-Met expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongkwi Min
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for
Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan
University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
- Institute
for Refractory Cancer Research, Research
Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Jin
- Department
of Convergence Technical Support, New Drug
Development Center, 123
Osongsaengmyeng-ro, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28160, Korea
| | - Hyeree Kim
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for
Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan
University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
- Samsung
Biomedical
Research Institute, Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Gu Her
- Institute
for Refractory Cancer Research, Research
Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsik Park
- LegoChem
Biosciences, Inc., 8-26 Munoyeongseo-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggeon Kim
- Institute
for Refractory Cancer Research, Research
Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehoon Yang
- Animal
Research and Molecular Imaging Center, Samsung
Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 06351, Republic
of Korea
| | - Juhyeon Hwang
- Institute
for Refractory Cancer Research, Research
Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Kim
- Institute
for Refractory Cancer Research, Research
Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Choi
- LegoChem
Biosciences, Inc., 8-26 Munoyeongseo-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Young Song
- LegoChem
Biosciences, Inc., 8-26 Munoyeongseo-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34302, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for
Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan
University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
- Institute
for Refractory Cancer Research, Research
Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic
of Korea
| | - Yeup Yoon
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for
Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan
University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
- Institute
for Refractory Cancer Research, Research
Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Research
Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical
Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
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24
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Kim D, Seo HD, Ryu Y, Kim HS. Functionalized gold nanoparticles with zinc finger-fused proteins as a colorimetric immunoassay platform. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1126:154-162. [PMID: 32736719 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The quest for highly sensitive and specific detection of disease biomarkers is high, despite many advances in analysis system. Here, we present a sensitive immunoassay platform using DNA-tethered gold nanoparticles and DNA-binding zinc fingers (ZFs). Monomeric alkaline phosphatase (mAP) and human TNF-α were employed as a signal generator and a disease biomarker, respectively. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were first grafted with double-stranded DNAs having specific sequences for two different types of ZFs (QNK and zif268). The alkaline phosphatase and TNF-α-specific protein binder were genetically fused to each of two different types of ZFs, respectively, followed by conjugation with the DNA-tethered AuNPs in a sequence-specific manner. The use of the functionalized AuNPs as a signal generator in a colorimetric immunoassay of TNF-α led to LOD of 120 pg/ml, showing about 161-fold higher sensitivity than a protein binder-fused mAP. The present immunoassay platform could be applied to other analytes by simply replacing a targeting moiety, allowing a versatile and reproducible colorimetric immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasom Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Deok Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Yiseul Ryu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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25
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Choi Y, Jeong S, Choi JM, Ndong C, Griswold KE, Bailey-Kellogg C, Kim HS. Computer-guided binding mode identification and affinity improvement of an LRR protein binder without structure determination. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008150. [PMID: 32866140 PMCID: PMC7485979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise binding mode identification and subsequent affinity improvement without structure determination remain a challenge in the development of therapeutic proteins. However, relevant experimental techniques are generally quite costly, and purely computational methods have been unreliable. Here, we show that integrated computational and experimental epitope localization followed by full-atom energy minimization can yield an accurate complex model structure which ultimately enables effective affinity improvement and redesign of binding specificity. As proof-of-concept, we used a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein binder, called a repebody (Rb), that specifically recognizes human IgG1 (hIgG1). We performed computationally-guided identification of the Rb:hIgG1 binding mode and leveraged the resulting model to reengineer the Rb so as to significantly increase its binding affinity for hIgG1 as well as redesign its specificity toward multiple IgGs from other species. Experimental structure determination verified that our Rb:hIgG1 model closely matched the co-crystal structure. Using a benchmark of other LRR protein complexes, we further demonstrated that the present approach may be broadly applicable to proteins undergoing relatively small conformational changes upon target binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjoo Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sukyo Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Christian Ndong
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Karl E. Griswold
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Chris Bailey-Kellogg
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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26
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Malla WA, Arora R, Khan RIN, Mahajan S, Tiwari AK. Apoptin as a Tumor-Specific Therapeutic Agent: Current Perspective on Mechanism of Action and Delivery Systems. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:524. [PMID: 32671070 PMCID: PMC7330108 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide in humans and animals. Conventional treatment regimens often fail to produce the desired outcome due to disturbances in cell physiology that arise during the process of transformation. Additionally, development of treatment regimens with no or minimum side-effects is one of the thrust areas of modern cancer research. Oncolytic viral gene therapy employs certain viral genes which on ectopic expression find and selectively destroy malignant cells, thereby achieving tumor cell death without harming the normal cells in the neighborhood. Apoptin, encoded by Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus' VP3 gene, is a proline-rich protein capable of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells in a selective manner. In normal cells, the filamentous Apoptin becomes aggregated toward the cell margins, but is eventually degraded by proteasomes without harming the cells. In malignant cells, after activation by phosphorylation by a cancer cell-specific kinase whose identity is disputed, Apoptin accumulates in the nucleus, undergoes aggregation to form multimers, and prevents the dividing cancer cells from repairing their DNA lesions, thereby forcing them to undergo apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the present knowledge about the structure of Apoptin protein, elaborate on its mechanism of action, and summarize various strategies that have been used to deliver it as an anticancer drug in various cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Akram Malla
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Richa Arora
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Raja Ishaq Nabi Khan
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Sonalika Mahajan
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Biological Standardisation, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Assembling the prenylneoflavone system through a Pechmann condensation/Mitsunobu reaction/Claisen rearrangement/olefin cross-metathesis sequence. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020; 151:605-610. [PMID: 32346184 PMCID: PMC7186117 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The multistep synthesis of a prenylneoflavone through a sequence of the Mitsunobu reaction/Claisen rearrangement/olefin cross-metathesis reaction has been accomplished in 5% yield over six steps starting from commercially available 3-methoxyacetophenone. The sequence is shown to be compatible with a Pechmann condensation which proved to be a robust and cost-effective method for the assembling of the α-pyrone core. The results open doors to a general approach to the prenylneoflavone system starting from phenol and acetophenone derivatives. Graphic abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00706-020-02584-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Sohn YK, Kim HS. Targeted delivery of a human Bcl-2-specific protein binder effectively induces apoptosis of cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:447-452. [PMID: 32228885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-2 family proteins are critical switches to control cell death and survival, and Bcl-2 is a key regulator in pro-survival signaling, causing various diseases including cancers. Bcl-2 has drawn a considerable attention as a potential target for developing a pro-apoptotic agent for cancers. We here present the development of a specific protein binder against human Bcl-2 and its cytosolic delivery to effectively induce apoptosis of cancer cells. The protein binder composed of leucine-rich repeat modules was selected for human Bcl-2, and its binding affinity was increased up to 60 nM through a modular evolution-based approach. The protein binder was efficiently delivered into cancer cells by an intracellular delivery system using a translocation domain from a bacterial exotoxin, resulting in a strong suppression of anti-apoptotic signaling in cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that the human Bcl-2-specific protein binder can act as a potent therapeutic agent for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Kyoung Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.
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Lee BI, Park MH, Byeon JJ, Shin SH, Choi J, Park Y, Park YH, Chae J, Shin YG. Quantification of an Antibody-Conjugated Drug in Fat Plasma by an Affinity Capture LC-MS/MS Method for a Novel Prenyl Transferase-Mediated Site-Specific Antibody-Drug Conjugate. Molecules 2020; 25:E1515. [PMID: 32225092 PMCID: PMC7180925 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel prenyl transferase-mediated, site-specific, antibody-drug conjugate LCB14-0110 is comprised of a proprietary beta-glucuronide linker and a payload (Monomethyl auristatin F, MMAF, an inhibitor for tubulin polymerization) attached to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeting trastuzumab. A LC-MS/MS method was developed to quantify the antibody-conjugated drug (acDrug) for in vitro linker stability and preclinical pharmacokinetic studies. The method consisted of affinity capture, enzymatic cleavage of acDrug, and LC-MS/MS analysis in the positive ion mode. A quadratic regression (weighted 1/concentration2), with the equation y = ax2 + bx + c, was used to fit calibration curves over the concentration range of 19.17~958.67 ng/mL for acDrug. The qualification run met the acceptance criteria of ±25% accuracy and precision values for quality control (QC) samples. The overall recovery was 42.61%. The dilution integrity was for a series of 5-fold dilutions with accuracy and precision values ranging within ±25%. The stability results indicated that acDrug was stable at all stability test conditions (short-term: 1 day, long-term: 10 months, Freeze/Thaw (F/T): 3 cycles). This qualified method was successfully applied to in vitro linker stability and pharmacokinetic case studies of acDrug in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong ill Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (B.i.L.); (M.-H.P.); (J.-J.B.); (S.-H.S.); (J.C.); (Y.P.)
| | - Min-Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (B.i.L.); (M.-H.P.); (J.-J.B.); (S.-H.S.); (J.C.); (Y.P.)
| | - Jin-Ju Byeon
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (B.i.L.); (M.-H.P.); (J.-J.B.); (S.-H.S.); (J.C.); (Y.P.)
| | - Seok-Ho Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (B.i.L.); (M.-H.P.); (J.-J.B.); (S.-H.S.); (J.C.); (Y.P.)
| | - Jangmi Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (B.i.L.); (M.-H.P.); (J.-J.B.); (S.-H.S.); (J.C.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yuri Park
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (B.i.L.); (M.-H.P.); (J.-J.B.); (S.-H.S.); (J.C.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yun-Hee Park
- LegoChemBiosciences, Inc. 8-26 Munpyeongseo-ro Daedeok-gu Daejeon 34302, Korea; (Y.-H.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Jeiwook Chae
- LegoChemBiosciences, Inc. 8-26 Munpyeongseo-ro Daedeok-gu Daejeon 34302, Korea; (Y.-H.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Young G. Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (B.i.L.); (M.-H.P.); (J.-J.B.); (S.-H.S.); (J.C.); (Y.P.)
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Ryu Y, Hong CA, Song Y, Beak J, Seo BA, Lee JJ, Kim HS. Modular protein-DNA hybrid nanostructures as a drug delivery platform. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:4975-4981. [PMID: 32057052 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08519j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing number of identified intracellular drug targets, cytosolic drug delivery has gained much attention. Despite advances in synthetic drug carriers, however, construction of homogeneous and biocompatible nanostructures in a controllable manner still remains a challenge in a translational medicine. Herein, we present the modular design and assembly of functional DNA nanostructures through sequence-specific interactions between zinc-finger proteins (ZnFs) and DNA as a cytosolic drug delivery platform. Three kinds of DNA-binding ZnF domains were genetically fused to various proteins with different biological roles, including targeting moiety, molecular probe, and therapeutic cargo. The engineered ZnFs were employed as distinct functional modules, and incorporated into a designed ZnF-binding sequence of a Y-shaped DNA origami (Y-DNA). The resulting functional Y-DNA nanostructures (FYDN) showed self-assembled superstructures with homogeneous morphology, strong resistance to exonuclease activity and multi-modality. We demonstrated the general utility of our approach by showing efficient cytosolic delivery of PTEN tumour suppressor protein to rescue unregulated kinase signaling in cancer cells with negligible nonspecific cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiseul Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
| | - Cheol Am Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
| | - Yunjin Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
| | - Jonghwi Beak
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
| | - Bo Am Seo
- Biomedical Science & Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Joong-Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
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Bispecific Antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates for Cancer Therapy: Technological Considerations. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030360. [PMID: 32111076 PMCID: PMC7175114 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of monoclonal antibodies to specifically bind a target antigen and neutralize or stimulate its activity is the basis for the rapid growth and development of the therapeutic antibody field. In recent years, traditional immunoglobulin antibodies have been further engineered for better efficacy and safety, and technological developments in the field enabled the design and production of engineered antibodies capable of mediating therapeutic functions hitherto unattainable by conventional antibody formats. Representative of this newer generation of therapeutic antibody formats are bispecific antibodies and antibody–drug conjugates, each with several approved drugs and dozens more in the clinical development phase. In this review, the technological principles and challenges of bispecific antibodies and antibody–drug conjugates are discussed, with emphasis on clinically validated formats but also including recent developments in the fields, many of which are expected to significantly augment the current therapeutic arsenal against cancer and other diseases with unmet medical needs.
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Abstract
Click chemistry has found wide application in bioconjugation, enabling control over the site of modification in biomolecules. Demonstrations of this chemistry to construct chemically defined antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have increased in recent years, following studies that support benefits of homogeneity and site-specificity of drug placement on the antibody. In this chapter, a brief history of early applications of this chemistry in ADCs is presented. Examples of click chemistries that are utilized for ADC synthesis, including those currently undergoing clinical investigations, are enumerated. Protocols for two common conjugation methods based on carbonyl-aminooxy coupling and strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition are described.
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Hassan KMA, Hansen JD, Herrin BR, Amemiya CT. Generation of Lamprey Monoclonal Antibodies (Lampribodies) Using the Phage Display System. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E868. [PMID: 31842457 PMCID: PMC6995607 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) consist of leucine rich repeats (LRRs) and comprise the humoral antibodies produced by lampreys and hagfishes. The diversity of the molecules is generated by stepwise genomic rearrangements of LRR cassettes dispersed throughout the VLRB locus. Previously, target-specific monovalent VLRB antibodies were isolated from sea lamprey larvae after immunization with model antigens. Further, the cloned VLR cDNAs from activated lamprey leukocytes were transfected into human cell lines or yeast to select best binders. Here, we expand on the overall utility of the VLRB technology by introducing it into a filamentous phage display system. We first tested the efficacy of isolating phage into which known VLRB molecules were cloned after a series of dilutions. These experiments showed that targeted VLRB clones could easily be recovered even after extensive dilutions (1 to 109). We further utilized the system to isolate target-specific "lampribodies" from phage display libraries from immunized animals and observed an amplification of binders with relative high affinities by competitive binding. The lampribodies can be individually purified and ostensibly utilized for applications for which conventional monoclonal antibodies are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan M. A. Hassan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - John D. Hansen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA 98115, USA;
| | - Brantley R. Herrin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Chris T. Amemiya
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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Kim TY, Park JH, Shim HE, Choi DS, Lee DE, Song JJ, Kim HS. Prolonged half-life of small-sized therapeutic protein using serum albumin-specific protein binder. J Control Release 2019; 315:31-39. [PMID: 31654685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Many small-sized proteins and peptides, such as cytokines and hormones, are clinically used for the treatment of a variety of diseases. However, their short half-life in blood owing to fast renal clearance usually results in a low therapeutic efficacy and frequent dosing. Here we present the development of a human serum albumin (HSA)-specific protein binder with a binding affinity of 4.3nM through a phage display selection and modular evolution approach to extend the blood half-life of a small-sized therapeutic protein. As a proof-of-concept, the protein binder composed of LRR (Leucine-rich repeat) modules was genetically fused to the N-terminus of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1). The fused GLP-1 was shown to have a significantly improved pharmacokinetic property: The terminal half-life of the fused GLP-1 increased to approximately 10h, and the area under the curve was 5-times higher than that of the control. The utility and potential of our approach was demonstrated by the efficient control of the blood glucose level in type-2 diabetes mouse models using the HSA-specific protein binder-fused GLP-1 over a prolonged time period. The present approach can be effectively used in enhancing the efficacy of small-sized therapeutic proteins and peptides through an enhanced blood circulation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Eun Shim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Seong Choi
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Joon Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Nojima H, Kiyota Y, Terashi G, Takeda-Shitaka M, Matsubara H. Geometrical Conversion of the EGFR Extracellular Domain by Adiabatic Mapping Combining Normal Mode Analysis of the Elastic Network Model and Energy Optimization. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:1061-1071. [PMID: 31582626 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) involves the geometrical conversion of the extracellular domain (ECD) from the tethered to the extended forms with the dynamic rearrangement of the relative positions of four subdomains (SDs); however, this conversion process has not yet been thoroughly understood. We compare the two different forms of the X-ray crystal structures of ECD and simulate the ECD conversion process using adiabatic mapping that combines normal mode analysis of the elastic network model (ENM-NMA) and energy optimization. A comparison of the crystal structures reveals the rigidity of the intradomain geometry of the SD-I and -III backbone regardless of the form. The forward mapping from the tethered to the extended forms retains the intradomain geometry of the SD-I and -III backbone and reveals the trends to rearrange the relative positions of SD-I and -III and to dissociate the C-terminal tail of SD-IV from the hairpin loop in SD-II. The reverse mapping from the extended to the tethered forms complements the promotion of ECD conversion in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF).
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36
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Nassir M, Arad U, Lee SY, Journo S, Mirza S, Renn C, Zimmermann H, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Müller CE, Fischer B. Identification of adenine-N9-(methoxy)ethyl-β-bisphosphonate as NPP1 inhibitor attenuates NPPase activity in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:247-263. [PMID: 31025169 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of extracellular diphosphate due to hydrolysis of ATP by NPP1 leads to pathological calcium diphosphate (pyrophosphate) dihydrate deposition (CPPD) in cartilage, resulting in a degenerative joint disease that today lacks a cure. Here, we targeted the identification of novel NPP1 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for CPPD deposition disease. Specifically, we synthesized novel analogs of AMP (NPP1 reaction product) and ADP (NPP1 inhibitor). These derivatives incorporate several chemical modifications of the natural nucleotides including (1) a methylene group replacing the Pα,β-bridging oxygen atom to provide metabolic resistance, (2) sulfonate group(s) replacing phosphonate(s) to improve binding to NPP1's catalytic zinc ions, (3) an acyclic nucleotide analog to allow flexible binding in the NPP1 catalytic site, and (4) a benzimidazole base replacing adenine. Among the investigated compounds, adenine-N9-(methoxy)ethyl-β-bisphosphonate, 10, was identified as an NPP1 inhibitor (Ki 16.3 μM vs. the artificial substrate p-nitrophenyl thymidine-5'-monophosphate (p-Nph-5'-TMP), and 9.60 μM vs. the natural substrate, ATP). Compound 10 was selective for NPP1 vs. human NPP3, human CD39, and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), but also inhibited human CD73 (Ki 12.6 μM). Thus, 10 is a dual NPP1/CD73 inhibitor, which could not only be of interest for treating CPPD deposition disease and calcific aortic valve disease but may also be considered for the immunotherapy of cancer. Compound 10 proved to be a promising inhibitor, which almost completely reduces NPPase activity in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes at a concentration of 100 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molhm Nassir
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Uri Arad
- Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sang-Yong Lee
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shani Journo
- Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Salahuddin Mirza
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Renn
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Herbert Zimmermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe-University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bilha Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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Synthesis and preclinical investigation of 99mTc-p-SCN-Bzl-DTPA-cetuximab for targeting EGFR using head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) xenografts. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1675-1682. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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38
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Zhang Y, Auger S, Schaefer JV, Plückthun A, Distefano MD. Site-Selective Enzymatic Labeling of Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins Using Protein Farnesyltransferase. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2033:207-219. [PMID: 31332756 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9654-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Affinity agents coupled to a functional moiety play an ever-increasing role in modern medicine, ranging from radiolabeled selective binders in diagnosis to antibody-drug conjugates in targeted therapies. In biomedical research, protein coupling to fluorophores, surfaces and nanoparticles has become an integral part of many procedures. In addition to antibodies, small scaffold proteins with similar target binding properties are being widely explored as alternative targeting moieties. To label these binders of interest with different functional moieties, conventional chemical coupling methods can be employed, but often result in heterogeneously modified protein products. In contrast, enzymatic labeling methods are highly site-specific and efficient. Protein farnesyltransferase (PFTase) catalyzes the transfer of an isoprenoid moiety from farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to a cysteine residue in a C-terminal CaaX motif at the C-terminus of a protein substrate. The addition of only four amino acid residues minimizes the influence on the native protein structure. In addition, a variety of isoprenoid analogs containing different bioorthogonal functional groups, including azides, alkynes, and aldehydes, have been developed to enable conjugation to various cargos after being incorporated onto the target protein by PFTase. In this protocol, we present a detailed procedure for labeling Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins) engineered with a C-terminal CVIA sequence using an azide-containing FPP analog by yeast PFTase (yPFTase). In addition, procedures to subsequently conjugate the labeled DARPins to a TAMRA fluorophore using strained-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions as well as the sample preparation to evaluate the target binding ability of the conjugates by flow cytometry are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shelby Auger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Zhang Y, Park KY, Suazo KF, Distefano MD. Recent progress in enzymatic protein labelling techniques and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:9106-9136. [PMID: 30259933 PMCID: PMC6289631 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00537k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based conjugates are valuable constructs for a variety of applications. Conjugation of proteins to fluorophores is commonly used to study their cellular localization and the protein-protein interactions. Modification of therapeutic proteins with either polymers or cytotoxic moieties greatly enhances their pharmacokinetics or potency. To label a protein of interest, conventional direct chemical reaction with the side-chains of native amino acids often yields heterogeneously modified products. This renders their characterization complicated, requires difficult separation steps and may impact protein function. Although modification can also be achieved via the insertion of unnatural amino acids bearing bioorthogonal functional groups, these methods can have lower protein expression yields, limiting large scale production. As a site-specific modification method, enzymatic protein labelling is highly efficient and robust under mild reaction conditions. Significant progress has been made over the last five years in modifying proteins using enzymatic methods for numerous applications, including the creation of clinically relevant conjugates with polymers, cytotoxins or imaging agents, fluorescent or affinity probes to study complex protein interaction networks, and protein-linked materials for biosensing. This review summarizes developments in enzymatic protein labelling over the last five years for a panel of ten enzymes, including sortase A, subtiligase, microbial transglutaminase, farnesyltransferase, N-myristoyltransferase, phosphopantetheinyl transferases, tubulin tyrosin ligase, lipoic acid ligase, biotin ligase and formylglycine generating enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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40
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van Berkel SS, van Delft FL. Enzymatic strategies for (near) clinical development of antibody-drug conjugates. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2018; 30:3-10. [PMID: 30553518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Target-specific killing of tumor cells with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) is an elegant concept in the continued fight against cancer. However, despite more than 20 years of clinical development, only four ADC have reached market approval, while at least 50 clinical programs were terminated early. The high attrition rate of ADCs may, at least in part, be attributed to heterogeneity and instability of conventional technologies. At present, various (chemo)enzymatic approaches for site-specific and stable conjugation of toxic payloads are making their way to the clinic, thereby potentially providing ADCs with increased therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Floris L van Delft
- Synaffix BV, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB, Oss, The Netherlands; Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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41
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Ryu Y, Kang JA, Kim D, Kim SR, Kim S, Park SJ, Kwon SH, Kim KN, Lee DE, Lee JJ, Kim HS. Programed Assembly of Nucleoprotein Nanoparticles Using DNA and Zinc Fingers for Targeted Protein Delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802618. [PMID: 30398698 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With a growing number of intracellular drug targets and the high efficacy of protein therapeutics, the targeted delivery of active proteins with negligible toxicity is a challenging issue in the field of precision medicine. Herein, a programed assembly of nucleoprotein nanoparticles (NNPs) using DNA and zinc fingers (ZnFs) for targeted protein delivery is presented. Two types of ZnFs with different sequence specificities are genetically fused to a targeting moiety and a protein cargo, respectively. Double-stranded DNA with multiple ZnF-binding sequences is grafted onto inorganic nanoparticles, followed by conjugation with the ZnF-fused proteins, generating the assembly of NNPs with a uniform size distribution and high stability. The approach enables controlled loading of a protein cargo on the NNPs, offering a high cytosolic delivery efficiency and target specificity. The utility and potential of the assembly as a versatile protein delivery vehicle is demonstrated based on their remarkable antitumor activity and target specificity with negligible toxicity in a xenograft mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiseul Ryu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jung Ae Kang
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongup, 56212, South Korea
| | - Dasom Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Song-Rae Kim
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Seungmin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Seong Ji Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hae Kwon
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongup, 56212, South Korea
| | - Joong-Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
- Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
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42
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Heu W, Choi JM, Kyeong HH, Choi Y, Kim HY, Kim HS. Repeat Module-Based Rational Design of a Photoswitchable Protein for Light-Driven Control of Biological Processes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woosung Heu
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Jung Min Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Hyun-Ho Kyeong
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Yoonjoo Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Kim
- Graduate school of Nanoscience and Technology; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
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43
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Lee JS, Kim J, Im SP, Kim SW, Jung JW, Lazarte JMS, Lee JH, Thompson KD, Jung TS. Expression and characterization of monomeric variable lymphocyte receptor B specific to the glycoprotein of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). J Immunol Methods 2018; 462:48-53. [PMID: 30121197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Monomeric variable lymphocyte receptor B (VLRB) is one of the smallest binding scaffold (20-25 kDa) from jawless vertebrates, hagfish and lamprey. This relatively new class of binding scaffold has various advantages: i) it has a single peptide composition, amenable to molecular engineering for enhancing its stability and affinity; ii) it has a small size, contributing better tissue penetration and easier production using microorganism expression system. Monomeric arVLRB142, which can specifically bind to the glycoprotein of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), was expressed in Pichia pastoris. High quantity recombinant monomeric arVLRB142 (rVLR142mono) was purified from 100 ml of culture with a resulting yield of 2.6 ±1.3 mg of target protein. Functional studies revealed that the purified rVLR142mono can specifically recognize low levels of the target antigen (recombinant glycoprotein) (i.e. as low as 0.1 nM), but also the native glycoprotein of VHSV. The expressed rVLR142mono exhibited high levels of stability and it retained it binding capacity over broad temperature (4 °C ~ 60 °C) and pH ranges (pH 1.5-12.5). We developed an effective expression system for mass production of monomeric VLRB based on P. pastoris. The recombinant protein that was obtained offers promising binding avidity and biophysical stability and its potential use in various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Seok Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jaesung Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Se Pyeong Im
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Si Won Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jae Wook Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jassy Mary S Lazarte
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Lee
- NIFS, Inland Aquaculture Research Center, Changwon 645-806, South Korea
| | - Kim D Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Tae Sung Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju 660-701, South Korea.
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44
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Waters EA, Shusta EV. The variable lymphocyte receptor as an antibody alternative. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 52:74-79. [PMID: 29597074 PMCID: PMC6082701 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) are leucine-rich repeat proteins in jawless vertebrates that function similarly to Ig antibodies. However, VLRs possess a distinct crescent-shaped structure and modularity that results in a concave binding interface that contrasts significantly with Ig antibodies. Antigen binding interactions result in specific, high affinity VLR binding interactions with both proteins and glycans. The natural sourcing of VLRs allows for immunization strategies, while the modularity enables a whole host of protein engineering approaches including consensus scaffolds, designed libraries and directed evolution with display technologies. VLR technologies have been recently deployed for applications in cell-specific targeting, drug delivery, tumor diagnostics and even protein stabilization. It is anticipated that the VLR field will continue to emerge to provide unique solutions for targeting glycans, evolutionarily conserved proteins and cellular specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Waters
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Eric V Shusta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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45
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Heu W, Choi JM, Kyeong HH, Choi Y, Kim HY, Kim HS. Repeat Module-Based Rational Design of a Photoswitchable Protein for Light-Driven Control of Biological Processes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10859-10863. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woosung Heu
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Jung Min Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Hyun-Ho Kyeong
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Yoonjoo Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Kim
- Graduate school of Nanoscience and Technology; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon Korea
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46
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Joachimiak Ł, Błażewska KM. Phosphorus-Based Probes as Molecular Tools for Proteome Studies: Recent Advances in Probe Development and Applications. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8536-8562. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Joachimiak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna M. Błażewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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47
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Lee JS, Kim J, Im SP, Kim SW, Lazarte JMS, Jung JW, Gong TW, Kim YR, Lee JH, Kim HJ, Jung TS. Generation and characterization of hagfish variable lymphocyte receptor B against glycoprotein of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). Mol Immunol 2018; 99:30-38. [PMID: 29679865 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Variable lymphocyte receptors B (VLRBs) are non-immunoglobulin components of the humoral immune system in jawless vertebrates including hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri) and lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Hagfish VLRBs consist of leucine rich repeat (LRR) modules with a superhydrophobic C-terminal tail, the latter of which leads to extremely low expression levels in recombinant protein technology. Here, we present an artificially oligomerized VLRB (arVLRB) that conjugates via the C4bp oligomerization domain derived from human C4b-binding protein (hC4bp) rather than the superhydrophobic tail. The resulting arVLRB had a tightly multimerized form with seven monomeric VLRB arms and showed high expression and secretion levels in a mammalian expression system. To isolate antigen-specific arVLRB, we constructed large VLRB libraries from hagfish immunized with the fish pathogen, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). The selected arVLRBs were found to recognize various types of antigens, including the recombinant target protein, purified viruses, and progeny viruses, with high antigen binding abilities and specificities. We also performed in vitro affinity maturation of the arVLRBs through LRRCT mutagenesis, and found that this enhanced their antigen-binding properties by at least 125-fold. Our epitope mapping analysis revealed that 37DWDTPL42, which is located in a region conserved among the glycoproteins of all VHSV isolates, is the recognition epitope of the arVLRBs. Thus, our newly developed arVLRB could prove useful in the development of universal diagnostic tools and/or therapeutic agents for the virus. Together, our novel findings provide valuable insights into hagfish VLRB and its potential use as a novel alternative to conventional antibodies for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Seok Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jaesung Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Se Pyeong Im
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Si Won Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jassy Mary S Lazarte
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jae Wook Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Tae Won Gong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Young Rim Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lee
- Inland Aquaculture Research Center, NIFS, Changwon, 645-806, South Korea
| | - Hyoung Jun Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Quarantine, General Service Division, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 49111, South Korea
| | - Tae Sung Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea.
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48
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Kim JW, Lee JJ, Choi JS, Kim HS. Electrostatically assembled dendrimer complex with a high-affinity protein binder for targeted gene delivery. Int J Pharm 2018; 544:39-45. [PMID: 29654895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although a variety of non-viral gene delivery systems have been developed, they still suffer from low efficiency and specificity. Herein, we present the assembly of a dendrimer complex comprising a DNA cargo and a targeting moiety as a new format for targeted gene delivery. A PAMAM dendrimer modified with histidine and arginine (HR-dendrimer) was used to enhance the endosomal escape and transfection efficiency. An EGFR-specific repebody, composed of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) modules, was employed as a targeting moiety. A polyanionic peptide was genetically fused to the repebody, followed by incubation with an HR-dendrimer and a DNA cargo to assemble the dendrimer complex through an electrostatic interaction. The resulting dendrimer complex was shown to deliver a DNA cargo with high efficiency in a receptor-specific manner. An analysis using a confocal microscope confirmed the internalization of the dendrimer complex and subsequent dissociation of a DNA cargo from the complex. The present approach can be broadly used in a targeted gene delivery in many areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Won Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Joong-Jae Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Joon Sig Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea.
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
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49
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Ryou JH, Sohn YK, Kim DG, Kyeong HH, Kim HS. Engineering and cytosolic delivery of a native regulatory protein and its variants for modulation of ERK2 signaling pathway. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:839-849. [PMID: 29240226 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The modulation of a cell signaling process using a molecular binder followed by an analysis of the cellular response is crucial for understanding its role in the cellular function and developing pharmaceuticals. Herein, we present the modulation of the ERK2-mediated signaling pathway through the cytosolic delivery of a native regulatory protein for ERK2, that is, PEA-15 (phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes, 15 kDa), and its engineered variants using a bacterial toxin-based delivery system. Based on biochemical and structural analyses, PEA-15 variants with different phosphorylation sites and a high affinity for ERK2 were designed. Semi-rational approach led to about an 830-fold increase in the binding affinity of PEA-15, resulting in more effective modulation of the ERK2-mediated signaling. Our approach enabled an understanding of the cellular function of the ERK2-mediated signaling process and the effect of PEA-15 phosphorylation on its action as an ERK2 blocker. We demonstrated the utility and potential of our approach by showing an efficient cytosolic delivery of these PEA-15 variants and the effective suppression of cell proliferation through the inhibition of the ERK2 function. The present approach can be used broadly for modulating the cell signaling processes and understanding their roles in cellular function, as well as for the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyun Ryou
- Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yoo-Kyoung Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong-Gun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ho Kyeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
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50
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Enzyme-Based Labeling Strategies for Antibody-Drug Conjugates and Antibody Mimetics. Antibodies (Basel) 2018; 7:antib7010004. [PMID: 31544857 PMCID: PMC6698867 DOI: 10.3390/antib7010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Strategies for site-specific modification of proteins have increased in number, complexity, and specificity over the last years. Such modifications hold the promise to broaden the use of existing biopharmaceuticals or to tailor novel proteins for therapeutic or diagnostic applications. The recent quest for next-generation antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) sparked research into techniques with site selectivity. While purely chemical approaches often impede control of dosage or locus of derivatization, naturally occurring enzymes and proteins bear the ability of co- or post-translational protein modifications at particular residues, thus enabling unique coupling reactions or protein fusions. This review provides a general overview and focuses on chemo-enzymatic methods including enzymes such as formylglycine-generating enzyme, sortase, and transglutaminase. Applications for the conjugation of antibodies and antibody mimetics are reported.
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