1
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Xu H, Goldfuss B, Dickschat JS. Common Biosynthesis of Non-Canonical C 16 Terpenes through a Fragmentation-Recombination Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408809. [PMID: 38924286 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of six recently reported non-canonical C16 sesquiterpenoids named after ancient Greek philosophers, archimedene, aristotelene, eratosthenene, pythagorene, α-democritene and anaximandrene, was investigated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and isotopic labeling experiments. The results revealed for all compounds except archimedene a unique fragmentation-recombination mechanism as previously demonstrated for sodorifen biosynthesis, in addition to a remarkable "dancing" mechanism for anaximandrene biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchao Xu
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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2
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Li H, Goldfuss B, Dickschat JS. Mechanistic characterisation of the diterpene synthase for clitopilene and identification of isopentalenene synthase from the fungus Clitopilus passeckerianus. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7041-7044. [PMID: 38904208 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02286f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Two terpene synthases from the pleuromutilin producing fungus Clitopilus passeckerianus were functionally characterised. The first enzyme CpTS1 produces the new diterpene clitopilene with a novel 6-6-5-5 tetracyclic skeleton, while the second enzyme CpTS2 makes the new sesquiterpene isopentalenene. The CpTS1 reaction mechanism was studied in depth using experimental and theoretical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department for Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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3
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Xu H, Köllner TG, Chen F, Dickschat JS. Functional and Mechanistic Characterization of the 4,5-diepi-Isoishwarane Synthase from the Liverwort Radula lindenbergiana. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400104. [PMID: 38372483 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The microbial type sesquiterpene synthase RlMTPSL4 from the liverwort Radula lindenbergiana was investigated for its products, showing the formation of several sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The main product was structurally characterized as the new compound 4,5-diepi-isoishwarane, while the side products included the known hydrocarbons germacrene A, α-selinene, eremophilene and 4,5-diepi-aristolochene. The cyclization mechanism towards 4,5-diepi-isoishwarane catalyzed by RlMTPSL4 was investigated through isotopic labeling experiments, revealing the stereochemical course for the deprotonation step to the neutral intermediate germacrene A, a reprotonation for its further cyclization, and a 1,2-hydride shift along the cascade. The absolute configuration of 4,5-diepi-isoishwarane was determined using a stereoselective deuteration approach, revealing an absolute configuration typically observed for a microbial type sesquiterpene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchao Xu
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias G Köllner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996-4561, USA
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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4
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Xu H, Köllner TG, Chen F, Dickschat JS. Mechanistic characterisation of a sesquiterpene synthase for asterisca-1,6-diene from the liverwort Radula lindenbergiana and implications for pentalenene biosynthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1360-1364. [PMID: 38240688 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02088f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
A sesquiterpene synthase from the liverwort Radula lindenbergiana was characterised and shown to produce the new sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (3R,9R)-asterisca-1,6-diene, besides small amounts of pentalenene. The biosynthesis of asterisca-1,6-diene was studied through isotopic labelling experiments, giving additional insights into the long discussed biosynthesis of pentalenene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchao Xu
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Tobias G Köllner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996-4561, USA
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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5
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Xu H, Dickschat JS. Isotopic labelings for mechanistic studies. Methods Enzymol 2024; 699:163-186. [PMID: 38942502 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The intricate mechanisms in the biosynthesis of terpenes belong to the most challenging problems in natural product chemistry. Methods to address these problems include the structure-based site-directed mutagenesis of terpene synthases, computational approaches, and isotopic labeling experiments. The latter approach has a long tradition in biosynthesis studies and has recently experienced a revival, after genome sequencing enabled rapid access to biosynthetic genes and enzymes. Today, this allows for a combined approach in which isotopically labeled substrates can be incubated with recombinant terpene synthases. These clearly defined reaction setups can give detailed mechanistic insights into the reactions catalyzed by terpene synthases, and recent developments have substantially deepened our understanding of terpene biosynthesis. This chapter will discuss the state of the art and introduce some of the most important methods that make use of isotopic labelings in mechanistic studies on terpene synthases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchao Xu
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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6
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Gu B, Goldfuss B, Schnakenburg G, Dickschat JS. Subrutilane-A Hexacyclic Sesterterpene from Streptomyces subrutilus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313789. [PMID: 37846897 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Mining of a terpene synthase from Streptomyces subrutilus resulted in the identification of the hexacyclic sesterterpene subrutilane, besides eight pentacyclic side products. Subrutilane represents the first case of a saturated sesterterpene hydrocarbon. Its structure, including the absolute configuration, was unambiguously determined through X-ray crystallographic analysis and stereoselective deuteration. The cyclisation mechanism to subrutilane and its side products was investigated in all detail by isotopic labelling experiments and DFT calculations. The subrutilane synthase (SrS) also converted (2Z)-GFPP into one major product. Additional compounds were obtained from the substrate analogues (7R)-6,7-dihydro-GFPP and (2Z,7R)-6,7-dihydro-GFPP with blocked reactivity at the C6-C7 bond. Interestingly, the early steps of the cyclisation cascade with (2Z)-GFPP and the saturated substrate analogues were analogous to those of GFPP, but then deviations from the natural cyclisation mode occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Gu
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department for Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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7
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Taizoumbe KA, Steiner ST, Dickschat JS. Mechanistic Characterisation of Collinodiene Synthase, a Diterpene Synthase from Streptomyces collinus. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302469. [PMID: 37579200 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Two homologs of the diterpene synthase CotB2 from Streptomyces collinus (ScCotB2) and Streptomyces iakyrus (SiCotB2) were investigated for their products by in vitro incubations of the recombinant enzymes with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, followed by compound isolation and structure elucidation by NMR. ScCotB2 produced the new compound collinodiene, besides the canonical CotB2 product cyclooctat-9-en-7-ol, dolabella-3,7,18-triene and dolabella-3,7,12-triene, while SiCotB2 gave mainly cyclooctat-9-en-7-ol and only traces of dolabella-3,7,18-triene. The cyclisation mechanism towards the ScCotB2 products and their absolute configurations were investigated through isotopic labelling experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizerbo A Taizoumbe
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon T Steiner
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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8
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Chhalodia AK, Xu H, Tabekoueng GB, Gu B, Taizoumbe KA, Lauterbach L, Dickschat JS. Functional characterisation of twelve terpene synthases from actinobacteria. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1386-1398. [PMID: 37736393 PMCID: PMC10509563 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifteen type I terpene synthase homologs from diverse actinobacteria that were selected based on a phylogenetic analysis of more than 4000 amino acid sequences were investigated for their products. For four enzymes with functions not previously reported from bacterial terpene synthases the products were isolated and their structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy, resulting in the discovery of the first terpene synthases for (+)-δ-cadinol and (+)-α-cadinene, besides the first two bacterial (-)-amorpha-4,11-diene synthases. For other terpene synthases with functions reported from bacteria before the products were identified by GC-MS. The characterised enzymes include a new epi-isozizaene synthase with monoterpene synthase side activity, a 7-epi-α-eudesmol synthase that also produces hedycaryol and germacrene A, and four more sesquiterpene synthases that produce mixtures of hedycaryol and germacrene A. Three phylogenetically related enzymes were in one case not expressed and in two cases inactive, suggesting pseudogenisation in the respective branch of the phylogenetic tree. Furthermore, a diterpene synthase for allokutznerene and a sesterterpene synthase for sesterviolene were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj K Chhalodia
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Houchao Xu
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Georges B Tabekoueng
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Binbin Gu
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kizerbo A Taizoumbe
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Lauterbach
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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9
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Tarasova EV, Luchnikova NA, Grishko VV, Ivshina IB. Actinomycetes as Producers of Biologically Active Terpenoids: Current Trends and Patents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:872. [PMID: 37375819 PMCID: PMC10301674 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes and their derivatives (terpenoids and meroterpenoids, in particular) constitute the largest class of natural compounds, which have valuable biological activities and are promising therapeutic agents. The present review assesses the biosynthetic capabilities of actinomycetes to produce various terpene derivatives; reports the main methodological approaches to searching for new terpenes and their derivatives; identifies the most active terpene producers among actinomycetes; and describes the chemical diversity and biological properties of the obtained compounds. Among terpene derivatives isolated from actinomycetes, compounds with pronounced antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and other effects were determined. Actinomycete-produced terpenoids and meroterpenoids with high antimicrobial activity are of interest as a source of novel antibiotics effective against drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Most of the discovered terpene derivatives are produced by the genus Streptomyces; however, recent publications have reported terpene biosynthesis by members of the genera Actinomadura, Allokutzneria, Amycolatopsis, Kitasatosporia, Micromonospora, Nocardiopsis, Salinispora, Verrucosispora, etc. It should be noted that the use of genetically modified actinomycetes is an effective tool for studying and regulating terpenes, as well as increasing productivity of terpene biosynthesis in comparison with native producers. The review includes research articles on terpene biosynthesis by Actinomycetes between 2000 and 2022, and a patent analysis in this area shows current trends and actual research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V. Tarasova
- Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13A Lenina Str., 614990 Perm, Russia; (N.A.L.); (V.V.G.); (I.B.I.)
| | - Natalia A. Luchnikova
- Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13A Lenina Str., 614990 Perm, Russia; (N.A.L.); (V.V.G.); (I.B.I.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State University, 15 Bukirev Str., 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Victoria V. Grishko
- Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13A Lenina Str., 614990 Perm, Russia; (N.A.L.); (V.V.G.); (I.B.I.)
| | - Irina B. Ivshina
- Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13A Lenina Str., 614990 Perm, Russia; (N.A.L.); (V.V.G.); (I.B.I.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State University, 15 Bukirev Str., 614990 Perm, Russia
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10
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Xu H, Lauterbach L, Goldfuss B, Schnakenburg G, Dickschat JS. Fragmentation and [4 + 3] cycloaddition in sodorifen biosynthesis. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01223-z. [PMID: 37248344 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes constitute the largest class of natural products. Their skeletons are formed by terpene cyclases (TCs) from acyclic oligoprenyl diphosphates through sophisticated enzymatic conversions. These enzyme reactions start with substrate ionization through diphosphate abstraction, followed by a cascade reaction via cationic intermediates. Based on isotopic-labelling experiments in combination with a computational study, the cyclization mechanism for sodorifen, a highly methylated sesquiterpene from the soil bacterium Serratia plymuthica, was resolved. A peculiar problem in its biosynthesis lies in the formation of several methyl groups from chain methylene carbons. The underlying mechanism involves a methyltransferase-mediated cyclization and unprecedented ring contraction with carbon extrusion from the chain to form a methyl group. A terpene cyclase subsequently catalyses a fragmentation into two reactive intermediates, followed by hydrogen transfers between them and recombination of the fragments by [4 + 3] cycloaddition. This study solves the intricate mechanistic problem of extra methyl group formation in sodorifen biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchao Xu
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Lauterbach
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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11
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Tran CD, Dräger G, Struwe HF, Siedenberg L, Vasisth S, Grunenberg J, Kirschning A. Cyclopropylmethyldiphosphates are substrates for sesquiterpene synthases: experimental and theoretical results. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7833-7839. [PMID: 36169604 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01279k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New homo-sesquiterpenes are accessible after conversion of presilphiperfolan-8β-ol synthase (BcBOT2) with cyclopropylmethyl analogs of farnesyl diphosphate, and this biotransformation is dependent on subtle structural refinements. Two of the three cyclisation products are homo variants of germacrene D and germacrene D-4-ol while the third product reported contains a new bicyclic backbone for which no analogue in nature has been described so far. The findings on diphosphate activation are discussed and rationalised by relaxed force constants and dissociation energies computed at the DFT level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Duc Tran
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Gerald Dräger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Henry Frederik Struwe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Lukas Siedenberg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Somi Vasisth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörg Grunenberg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
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12
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Abstract
All known triterpenes are generated by triterpene synthases (TrTSs) from squalene or oxidosqualene1. This approach is fundamentally different from the biosynthesis of short-chain (C10–C25) terpenes that are formed from polyisoprenyl diphosphates2–4. In this study, two fungal chimeric class I TrTSs, Talaromyces verruculosus talaropentaene synthase (TvTS) and Macrophomina phaseolina macrophomene synthase (MpMS), were characterized. Both enzymes use dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate or hexaprenyl diphosphate as substrates, representing the first examples, to our knowledge, of non-squalene-dependent triterpene biosynthesis. The cyclization mechanisms of TvTS and MpMS and the absolute configurations of their products were investigated in isotopic labelling experiments. Structural analyses of the terpene cyclase domain of TvTS and full-length MpMS provide detailed insights into their catalytic mechanisms. An AlphaFold2-based screening platform was developed to mine a third TrTS, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides colleterpenol synthase (CgCS). Our findings identify a new enzymatic mechanism for the biosynthesis of triterpenes and enhance understanding of terpene biosynthesis in nature. Chimeric triterpene synthases are identified that catalyse non-squalene-dependent triterpene biosynthesis.
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13
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Quan Z, Hou A, Goldfuss B, Dickschat JS. Mechanism of the Bifunctional Multiple Product Sesterterpene Synthase AcAS from Aspergillus calidoustus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117273. [PMID: 35072966 PMCID: PMC9303889 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The multiproduct chimeric sesterterpene synthase AcAS from Aspergillus calidoustus yielded spirocyclic calidoustene, which exhibits a novel skeleton, besides five known sesterterpenes. The complex cyclisation mechanism to all six compounds was investigated by isotopic labelling experiments in combination with DFT calculations. Chemically synthesised 8-hydroxyfarnesyl diphosphate was converted with isopentenyl diphosphate and AcAS into four oxygenated sesterterpenoids that structurally resemble cytochrome P450 oxidation products of the sesterterpene hydrocarbons. Protein engineering of AcAS broadened the substrate scope and gave significantly improved enzyme yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Quan
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
| | - Anwei Hou
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CologneGreinstraße 450939CologneGermany
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
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14
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15
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Quan Z, Hou A, Goldfuss B, Dickschat JS. Mechanism of the Bifunctional Multiple Product Sesterterpene Synthase AcldAS from Aspergillus calidoustus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Quan
- University of Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Organic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Anwei Hou
- University of Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Organic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- University of Cologne: Universitat zu Koln Organic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- University of Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Kekulé Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn GERMANY
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16
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Xu H, Lackus ND, Köllner TG, Dickschat JS. Isotopic Labeling Experiments Solve the Hedycaryol Problem. Org Lett 2022; 24:587-591. [PMID: 34985289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hedycaryol is a widespread sesquiterpene alcohol and important biosynthetic intermediate toward eudesmols and guaiols. A full NMR assignment for this compound has been hampered because of the unique molecular mechanics of its conformers in complex mixtures. This problem was solved through the enzymatic synthesis of isotopically labeled materials using a mutated plant and a bacterial enzyme for access to both enantiomers of hedycaryol, which also allowed us to follow the stereochemical course of its Cope rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchao Xu
- Kekulé Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nathalie D Lackus
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias G Köllner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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17
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Xu H, Goldfuss B, Schnakenburg G, Dickschat JS. The enzyme mechanism of patchoulol synthase. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:13-24. [PMID: 35047079 PMCID: PMC8744462 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Different mechanisms for the cyclisation of farnesyl pyrophosphate to patchoulol by the patchoulol synthase are discussed in the literature. They are based on isotopic labelling experiments, but the results from these experiments are contradictory. The present work reports on a reinvestigation of patchoulol biosynthesis by isotopic labelling experiments and computational chemistry. The results are in favour of a pathway through the neutral intermediates germacrene A and α-bulnesene that are both reactivated by protonation for further cyclisation steps, while previously discussed intra- and intermolecular hydrogen transfers are not supported. Furthermore, the isolation of the new natural product (2S,3S,7S,10R)-guaia-1,11-dien-10-ol from patchouli oil is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchao Xu
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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18
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Li H, Dickschat JS. Isotopic labelling experiments and enzymatic preparation of iso-casbenes with casbene synthase from Ricinus communis. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01707a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Casbene synthase was used to convert GGPP isomers into iso-casbenes. The enzyme mechanism and absolute configurations were investigated through stereoselective deuteration. 13C-labellings gave insights into the mass spectrometric fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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19
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Hou A, Dickschat JS. The EI‐MS Fragmentation Mechanisms of the Bacterial Diterpenes Polytrichastrene A and Wanju‐2,5‐diene. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anwei Hou
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
- Institute of Microbiology Jiangxi Academy of Sciences Changdong Road No. 7777 330096 Nanchang China
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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20
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Hilby KM, Denmark SE. Lewis Base Catalyzed, Sulfenium Ion Initiated Enantioselective, Spiroketalization Cascade. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14250-14289. [PMID: 34672623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A Lewis base catalyzed, enantioselective sulfenocyclization of alkenes to afford [6,6]spiroketals has been developed. The method uses a chiral Lewis base catalyst with an electrophilic sulfur source to generate enantioenriched thiiranium ion with alkenes. Upon formation, the thiiranium ion is subsequently captured in a cascade-type reaction, wherein a ketone oxygen serves as the nucleophile to open the thiiranium ion and an alcohol provides the secondary cyclization to form biorelevant spiroketals. A variety of electron-rich and electron-neutral E-substituted styrenes form the desired spiroketals in good yields with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities. Alkyl-substituted and terminal alkenes participate in the cascade reaction, but with a limited scope compared to the styrenyl substrates. This method allows for rapid formation of highly substituted spiroketals in good yield and excellent enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Hilby
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Scott E Denmark
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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21
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Xu H, Schotte C, Cox RJ, Dickschat JS. Stereochemical characterisation of the non-canonical α-humulene synthase from Acremonium strictum. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8482-8486. [PMID: 34533184 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01769a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The non-canonical fungal α-humulene synthase was investigated through isotopic labelling experiments for its stereochemical course regarding inversion or retention at C-1, the face selectivity at C-11, and the stereoselectivity of the final deprotonation. A new and convenient desymmetrisation strategy was developed to enable a full stereochemical analysis of the catalysed steps to the achiral α-humulene product from stereoselectively labelled farnesyl diphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchao Xu
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Carsten Schotte
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Russell J Cox
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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22
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Xu H, Goldfuss B, Dickschat JS. 1,2- or 1,3-Hydride Shifts: What Controls Guaiane Biosynthesis? Chemistry 2021; 27:9758-9762. [PMID: 33929065 PMCID: PMC8362104 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A systematic computational study addressing the entire chemical space of guaianes in conjunction with an analysis of all known compounds shows that 1,3‐hydride shifts are rare events in guaiane biosynthesis. As demonstrated here, 1,3‐hydride shifts towards guaianes can only be realized for two stereochemically well defined out of numerous possible stereoisomeric skeletons. One example is given by the mechanism of guaia‐4(15)‐en‐11‐ol synthase from California poplar, an enzyme that yields guaianes with unusual stereochemical properties. The general results from DFT calculations were experimentally verified through isotopic‐labeling experiments with guaia‐4(15)‐en‐11‐ol synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchao Xu
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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23
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Li G, Guo YW, Dickschat JS. The mass spectrometric fragmentation mechanisms of catenulane and isocatenulane diterpenes. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2224-2232. [PMID: 33624667 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00160d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Two new diterpene derivatives were obtained by semisynthesis from enzymatically generated catenul-14-en-6-ol. The EI-MS fragmentation mechanisms of three enzyme products and the two semisynthetic derivatives were investigated by extensive 13C-labelling experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Li
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany. and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, 201203, Shanghai, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, 201203, Shanghai, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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24
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Xu H, Dickschat JS. Revision of the Cyclisation Mechanism for the Diterpene Spiroviolene and Investigations of Its Mass Spectrometric Fragmentation. Chembiochem 2021; 22:850-854. [PMID: 33084237 PMCID: PMC7983979 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The diterpene spiroviolene, its diterpene synthase from Streptomyces violens and the experimentally determined terpene cyclisation mechanism were reported in 2017. Recently, the structure of spiroviolene was revised based on a total synthesis, with consequences for the cyclisation mechanism. Herein, a reinvestigation of the terpene cyclisation to spiroviolene and the mass spectrometric fragmentation mechanism investigated by 13 C-labelling experiments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchao Xu
- Kekulé Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
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25
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Abstract
The product of a terpene synthase from Streptomyces lincolnensis has been identified as the new natural product isoishwarane. The enzyme mechanism was studied by isotopic labelling experiments and site-directed mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchao Xu
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
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26
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Xu H, Dickschat JS. Germacrene A-A Central Intermediate in Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis. Chemistry 2020; 26:17318-17341. [PMID: 32442350 PMCID: PMC7821278 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This review summarises known sesquiterpenes whose biosyntheses proceed through the intermediate germacrene A. First, the occurrence and biosynthesis of germacrene A in Nature and its peculiar chemistry will be highlighted, followed by a discussion of 6-6 and 5-7 bicyclic compounds and their more complex derivatives. For each compound the absolute configuration, if it is known, and the reasoning for its assignment is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchao Xu
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
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27
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Li G, Guo Y, Dickschat JS. Diterpen‐Biosynthese in
Catenulispora acidiphila
: Über den Mechanismus der Catenul‐14‐en‐6‐ol‐Synthase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Li
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park 201203 Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yue‐Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park 201203 Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
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28
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Li G, Guo YW, Dickschat JS. Diterpene Biosynthesis in Catenulispora acidiphila: On the Mechanism of Catenul-14-en-6-ol Synthase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1488-1492. [PMID: 33169911 PMCID: PMC7839432 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A new diterpene synthase from the actinomycete Catenulispora acidiphila was identified and the structures of its products were elucidated, including the absolute configurations by an enantioselective deuteration approach. The mechanism of the cationic terpene cyclisation cascade was deeply studied through the use of isotopically labelled substrates and of substrate analogues with partially blocked reactivity, resulting in derailment products that gave further insights into the intermediates along the cascade. Their chemistry was studied, leading to the biomimetic synthesis of a diterpenoid analogue of a brominated sesquiterpene known from the red seaweed Laurencia microcladia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Li
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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29
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Hou A, Dickschat JS. On the mass spectrometric fragmentations of the bacterial sesterterpenes sestermobaraenes A-C. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2807-2819. [PMID: 33281984 PMCID: PMC7684692 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 13C-labelling was introduced into each individual carbon of the recently discovered sestermobaraenes by the enzymatic conversion of the correspondingly 13C-labelled isoprenyl diphosphate precursors with the sestermobaraene synthase from Streptomyces mobaraensis. The main compounds sestermobaraenes A, B, and C were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), allowing for a deep mechanistic investigation of the electron impact mass spectrometry (EIMS) fragmentation reactions of these sesterterpene hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwei Hou
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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30
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Hou A, Dickschat JS. The Biosynthetic Gene Cluster for Sestermobaraenes-Discovery of a Geranylfarnesyl Diphosphate Synthase and a Multiproduct Sesterterpene Synthase from Streptomyces mobaraensis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19961-19965. [PMID: 32749032 PMCID: PMC7693059 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces mobaraensis encoding the first cases of a bacterial geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase and a type I sesterterpene synthase was identified. The structures of seven sesterterpenes produced by these enzymes were elucidated, including their absolute configurations. The enzyme mechanism of the sesterterpene synthase was investigated by extensive isotope labeling experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwei Hou
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
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31
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Quan Z, Dickschat JS. Biosynthetic Gene Cluster for Asperterpenols A and B and the Cyclization Mechanism of Asperterpenol A Synthase. Org Lett 2020; 22:7552-7555. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Quan
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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32
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Hou A, Dickschat JS. Biosynthesegencluster für Sestermobaraene – Entdeckung einer Geranylfarnesyldiphosphatsynthase und einer Multiprodukt‐Sesterterpensynthase aus
Streptomyces mobaraensis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anwei Hou
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
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33
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Quan Z, Dickschat JS. On the mechanism of ophiobolin F synthase and the absolute configuration of its product by isotopic labelling experiments. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6072-6076. [PMID: 32725018 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01470b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An ophiobolin F synthase homolog was discovered from Aspergillus calidoustus CBS121601. The cyclisation mechanism of this terpene synthase was investigated by extensive isotopic labelling experiments and the absolute configuration of its product ophiobolin F was elucidated by enantioselective deuteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Quan
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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34
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Lauterbach L, Dickschat JS. Sesquiterpene synthases for bungoene, pentalenene and epi-isozizaene from Streptomyces bungoensis. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4547-4550. [PMID: 32253407 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00606h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A sesquiterpene synthase from Streptomyces bungoensis was characterised and produces the new compound bungoene. The enzyme mechanism was deeply investigated using isotopically labelled substrates. Two other enzymes from S. bungoensis made epi-isozizaene and pentalenene. Synthetic oxidative chemistry towards structurally related fusagramineol and pentalenal was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lauterbach
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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35
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Harms V, Schröder B, Oberhauser C, Tran CD, Winkler S, Dräger G, Kirschning A. Methyl-Shifted Farnesyldiphosphate Derivatives Are Substrates for Sesquiterpene Cyclases. Org Lett 2020; 22:4360-4365. [PMID: 32432889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
New sesquiterpene backbones are accessible after biotransformation of presilphiperfolan-8β-ol synthase (BcBOT2), a fungal sesquiterpene synthase, with non-natural farnesyldiphosphates in which methyl groups are shifted by one position toward the diphosphate terminus. One of the macrocycles formed, a new germacrene A derivative, undergoes a Cope rearrangement to iso-β-elemene. Three of the new terpenoids show olfactoric properties that range from an intense peppery note to a citrus, ozone-like, and fruity scent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Harms
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schröder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Clara Oberhauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Cong Duc Tran
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sven Winkler
- Symrise AG, Mühlenfeldstraße 1, 37603 Holzminden, Germany
| | - Gerald Dräger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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36
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Rinkel J, Dickschat JS. Mechanistic Studies on Trichoacorenol Synthase from Amycolatopsis benzoatilytica. Chembiochem 2020; 21:807-810. [PMID: 31553510 PMCID: PMC7155024 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Isotopic labeling experiments performed with a newly identified bacterial trichoacorenol synthase established a 1,5-hydride shift occurring in the cyclization mechanism. During EI-MS analysis, major fragments of the sesquiterpenoid were shown to arise via cryptic hydrogen movements. Therefore, the interpretation of earlier results regarding the cyclization mechanism obtained by feeding experiments in Trichoderma is revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
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37
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Rinkel J, Steiner ST, Bian G, Chen R, Liu T, Dickschat JS. A Family of Related Fungal and Bacterial Di- and Sesterterpenes: Studies on Fusaterpenol and Variediene. Chembiochem 2020; 21:486-491. [PMID: 31476106 PMCID: PMC7065159 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The absolute configuration of fusaterpenol (GJ1012E) has been revised by an enantioselective deuteration strategy. A bifunctional enzyme with a terpene synthase and a prenyltransferase domain from Aspergillus brasiliensis was characterised as variediene synthase, and the absolute configuration of its product was elucidated. The uniform absolute configurations of these and structurally related di- and sesterterpenes together with a common stereochemical course for the geminal methyl groups of GGPP unravel a similar conformational fold of the substrate in the active sites of the terpene synthases. For variediene, a thermal reaction observed during GC/MS analysis was studied in detail for which a surprising mechanism was uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
| | - Simon T. Steiner
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
| | - Guangkai Bian
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryMinistry of Education andWuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences185 Dunghu RoadWuhan430071P. R. China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryMinistry of Education andWuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences185 Dunghu RoadWuhan430071P. R. China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryMinistry of Education andWuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences185 Dunghu RoadWuhan430071P. R. China
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
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Helfrich EJN, Lin GM, Voigt CA, Clardy J. Bacterial terpene biosynthesis: challenges and opportunities for pathway engineering. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2889-2906. [PMID: 31839835 PMCID: PMC6902898 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are the largest and structurally most diverse class of natural products. They possess potent and specific biological activity in multiple assays and against diseases, including cancer and malaria as notable examples. Although the number of characterized terpenoid molecules is huge, our knowledge of how they are biosynthesized is limited, particularly when compared to the well-studied thiotemplate assembly lines. Bacteria have only recently been recognized as having the genetic potential to biosynthesize a large number of complex terpenoids, but our current ability to associate genetic potential with molecular structure is severely restricted. The canonical terpene biosynthetic pathway uses a single enzyme to form a cyclized hydrocarbon backbone followed by modifications with a suite of tailoring enzymes that can generate dozens of different products from a single backbone. This functional promiscuity of terpene biosynthetic pathways renders terpene biosynthesis susceptible to rational pathway engineering using the latest developments in the field of synthetic biology. These engineered pathways will not only facilitate the rational creation of both known and novel terpenoids, their development will deepen our understanding of a significant branch of biosynthesis. The biosynthetic insights gained will likely empower a greater degree of engineering proficiency for non-natural terpene biosynthetic pathways and pave the way towards the biotechnological production of high value terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J N Helfrich
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Boston, United States
| | - Geng-Min Lin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, Cambridge, United States
| | - Christopher A Voigt
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jon Clardy
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Boston, United States
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Rinkel J, Dickschat JS. Characterization of Micromonocyclol Synthase from the Marine Actinomycete Micromonospora marina. Org Lett 2019; 21:9442-9445. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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40
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Murai K, Lauterbach L, Teramoto K, Quan Z, Barra L, Yamamoto T, Nonaka K, Shiomi K, Nishiyama M, Kuzuyama T, Dickschat JS. An Unusual Skeletal Rearrangement in the Biosynthesis of the Sesquiterpene Trichobrasilenol from Trichoderma. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15046-15050. [PMID: 31418991 PMCID: PMC7687074 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The skeletons of some classes of terpenoids are unusual in that they contain a larger number of Me groups (or their biosynthetic equivalents such as olefinic methylene groups, hydroxymethyl groups, aldehydes, or carboxylic acids and their derivatives) than provided by their oligoprenyl diphosphate precursor. This is sometimes the result of an oxidative ring-opening reaction at a terpene-cyclase-derived molecule containing the regular number of Me group equivalents, as observed for picrotoxan sesquiterpenes. In this study a sesquiterpene cyclase from Trichoderma spp. is described that can convert farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) directly via a remarkable skeletal rearrangement into trichobrasilenol, a new brasilane sesquiterpene with one additional Me group equivalent compared to FPP. A mechanistic hypothesis for the formation of the brasilane skeleton is supported by extensive isotopic labelling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Murai
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of Tokyo1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyu-kuTokyo113-8657Japan
| | - Lukas Lauterbach
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
| | - Kazuya Teramoto
- Biotechnology Research CenterThe University of Tokyo1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyu-kuTokyo113-8657Japan
| | - Zhiyang Quan
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
| | - Lena Barra
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamamoto
- Kitasato Institute for Life SciencesKitasato University5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-kuTokyo108-8641Japan
| | - Kenichi Nonaka
- Kitasato Institute for Life SciencesKitasato University5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-kuTokyo108-8641Japan
| | - Kazuro Shiomi
- Kitasato Institute for Life SciencesKitasato University5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-kuTokyo108-8641Japan
| | - Makoto Nishiyama
- Biotechnology Research CenterThe University of Tokyo1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyu-kuTokyo113-8657Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative MicrobiologyThe University of Tokyo1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyu-kuTokyo113-8657Japan
| | - Tomohisa Kuzuyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of Tokyo1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyu-kuTokyo113-8657Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative MicrobiologyThe University of Tokyo1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyu-kuTokyo113-8657Japan
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
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Murai K, Lauterbach L, Teramoto K, Quan Z, Barra L, Yamamoto T, Nonaka K, Shiomi K, Nishiyama M, Kuzuyama T, Dickschat JS. Eine ungewöhnliche Gerüstumlagerung in der Biosynthese des Sesquiterpens Trichobrasilenol aus Trichoderma. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Murai
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyu-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Lukas Lauterbach
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Kazuya Teramoto
- Biotechnology Research Center The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyu-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Zhiyang Quan
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Lena Barra
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamamoto
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences Kitasato University 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Kenichi Nonaka
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences Kitasato University 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Kazuro Shiomi
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences Kitasato University 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Makoto Nishiyama
- Biotechnology Research Center The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyu-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyu-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Tomohisa Kuzuyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyu-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyu-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
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Abstract
This Minireview summarises recent developments in the biosynthesis of diterpenes by diterpene synthases in bacteria. It is structured by the class of enzyme involved in the first committed step towards diterpenes, starting with type I diterpene synthases, followed by type II enzymes and the more recently discovered UbiA-related diterpene synthases. A special emphasis lies on the reaction mechanisms of diterpene synthases that convert simple linear precursors through cationic cascades into structurally complex, usually polycyclic carbon skeletons with multiple stereogenic centres. A further main focus of this Minireview is a discussion of how these mechanisms can be unravelled. Downstream modifications to bioactive molecules are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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Cao X, Shi Y, Wu X, Wang K, Huang S, Sun H, Dickschat JS, Wu B. Talaromyolides A–D and Talaromytin: Polycyclic Meroterpenoids from the Fungus Talaromyces sp. CX11. Org Lett 2019; 21:6539-6542. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Cao
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yutong Shi
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kuiwu Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shaohua Huang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bin Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Rinkel J, Steiner ST, Dickschat JS. Diterpenbiosynthese in Actinomyceten: Studien an Cattleyensynthase und Phomopsensynthase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Simon T. Steiner
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
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Rinkel J, Steiner ST, Dickschat JS. Diterpene Biosynthesis in Actinomycetes: Studies on Cattleyene Synthase and Phomopsene Synthase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9230-9233. [PMID: 31034729 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three diterpene synthases from actinomycetes have been studied. The first enzyme from Streptomyces cattleya produced the novel compound cattleyene. The other two enzymes from Nocardia testacea and Nocardia rhamnosiphila were identified as phomopsene synthases. The cyclisation mechanism of cattleyene synthase and the EIMS fragmentation mechanism of its product were extensively studied by incubation experiments with isotopically labelled precursors. Oxidative transformations expanded the chemical space of these unique diterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon T Steiner
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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47
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Chen X, Luck K, Rabe P, Dinh CQ, Shaulsky G, Nelson DR, Gershenzon J, Dickschat JS, Köllner TG, Chen F. A terpene synthase-cytochrome P450 cluster in Dictyostelium discoideum produces a novel trisnorsesquiterpene. eLife 2019; 8:44352. [PMID: 31063135 PMCID: PMC6524965 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are enormously diverse, but our knowledge of their biosynthesis and functions is limited. Here we report on a terpene synthase (DdTPS8)-cytochrome P450 (CYP521A1) gene cluster that produces a novel C12 trisnorsesquiterpene and affects the development of Dictyostelium discoideum. DdTPS8 catalyzes the formation of a sesquiterpene discoidol, which is undetectable from the volatile bouquet of wild type D. discoideum. Interestingly, a DdTPS8 knockout mutant lacks not only discoidol, but also a putative trisnorsesquiterpene. This compound was hypothesized to be derived from discoidol via cytochrome P450 (CYP)-catalyzed oxidative cleavage. CYP521A1, which is clustered with DdTPS8, was identified as a top candidate. Biochemical assays demonstrated that CYP521A1 catalyzes the conversion of discoidol to a novel trisnorsesquiterpene named discodiene. The DdTPS8 knockout mutant exhibited slow progression in development. This study points to the untapped diversity of natural products made by D. discoideum, which may have diverse roles in its development and chemical ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States
| | - Katrin Luck
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Rabe
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christopher Qd Dinh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Gad Shaulsky
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias G Köllner
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States
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Rinkel J, Dickschat JS. Mechanistic investigations on multiproduct β-himachalene synthase from Cryptosporangium arvum. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1008-1019. [PMID: 31164939 PMCID: PMC6541374 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A bacterial terpene synthase from Cryptosporangium arvum was characterised as a multiproduct β-himachalene synthase. In vitro studies showed not only a high promiscuity with respect to its numerous sesquiterpene products, including the structurally demanding terpenes longicyclene, longifolene and α-longipinene, but also to its substrates, as additional activity was observed with geranyl- and geranylgeranyl diphosphate. In-depth mechanistic investigations using isotopically labelled precursors regarding the stereochemical course of both 1,11-cyclisation and 1,3-hydride shift furnished a detailed catalytic model suggesting the molecular basis of the observed low product selectivity. The enzyme’s synthetic potential was also exploited in the preparation of sesquiterpene isotopomers, which provided insights into their EIMS fragmentation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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49
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Rinkel J, Dickschat JS. Stereochemical investigations on the biosynthesis of achiral ( Z)-γ-bisabolene in Cryptosporangium arvum. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:789-794. [PMID: 30992727 PMCID: PMC6444425 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A newly identified bacterial (Z)-γ-bisabolene synthase was used for investigating the cyclisation mechanism of the sesquiterpene. Since the stereoinformation of both chiral putative intermediates, nerolidyl diphosphate (NPP) and the bisabolyl cation, is lost during formation of the achiral product, the intriguing question of their absolute configurations was addressed by incubating both enantiomers of NPP with the recombinant enzyme, which resolved in an exclusive cyclisation of (R)-NPP, while (S)-NPP that is non-natural to the (Z)-γ-bisabolene synthase was specifically converted into (E)-β-farnesene. A hypothetical enzyme mechanistic model that explains these observations is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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50
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Rinkel J, Dickschat JS. Addressing the Chemistry of Germacrene A by Isotope Labeling Experiments. Org Lett 2019; 21:2426-2429. [PMID: 30859837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the central role of germacrene A in sesquiterpene biosynthesis and its widespread occurrence in nature, its complete NMR characterization is still pending. This problem was solved through enzymatic preparation of germacrene A isotopomers that allowed for a full signal assignment to all three conformers. The obtained materials gave insights into the stereochemical course of the Cope rearrangement to β-elemene and uncovered the Cope rearrangement as a new EI-MS fragmentation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 , 53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 , 53121 Bonn , Germany
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