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Pujol M, Degeilh L, Sauty de Chalon T, Réglier M, Simaan AJ, Decroos C. Repurposing myoglobin into a carbene transferase for a [2,3]-sigmatropic Sommelet-Hauser rearrangement. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 260:112688. [PMID: 39111220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
New-to-Nature biocatalysis has emerged as a promising tool in organic synthesis thanks to progress in protein engineering. Notably, hemeproteins have been evolved into robust catalysts for carbene and nitrene transfers and related sigmatropic rearrangements. In this work, we report the first example of a [2,3]-sigmatropic Sommelet-Hauser rearrangement initiated by a carbene transfer of the sperm whale myoglobin mutant L29S,H64V,V68F that was previously reported to catalyze the mechanistically similar [2,3]-sigmatropic Doyle-Kirmse rearrangement. This repurposed heme enzyme catalyzes the Sommelet-Hauser rearrangement between ethyl diazoacetate and benzyl thioethers bearing strong electron-withdrawing substituents with good yields and enantiomeric excess. Optimized catalytic conditions in the absence of any reductant led to an increased asymmetric induction with up to 59% enantiomeric excess. This myoglobin mutant is therefore one of the few catalysts for the asymmetric Sommelet-Hauser rearrangement. This work broadens the scope of abiological reactions catalyzed by iron-carbene transferases with a new example of asymmetric sigmatropic rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Pujol
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Lison Degeilh
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | | | - Marius Réglier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - A Jalila Simaan
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Decroos
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, iSm2, Marseille, France; Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Illkirch, France.
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2
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Kagawa Y, Oohora K, Himiyama T, Suzuki A, Hayashi T. Redox Engineering of Myoglobin by Cofactor Substitution to Enhance Cyclopropanation Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403485. [PMID: 38780472 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Design of metal cofactor ligands is essential for controlling the reactivity of metalloenzymes. We investigated a carbene transfer reaction catalyzed by myoglobins containing iron porphyrin cofactors with one and two trifluoromethyl groups at peripheral sites (FePorCF3 and FePor(CF3)2, respectively), native heme and iron porphycene (FePc). These four myoglobins show a wide range of Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox potentials in the protein of +147 mV, +87 mV, +42 mV and -198 mV vs. NHE, respectively. Myoglobin reconstituted with FePor(CF3)2 has a more positive potential, which enhances the reactivity of a carbene intermediate with alkenes, and demonstrates superior cyclopropanation of inert alkenes, such as aliphatic and internal alkenes. In contrast, engineered myoglobin reconstituted with FePc has a more negative redox potential, which accelerates the formation of the intermediate, but has low reactivity for inert alkenes. Mechanistic studies indicate that myoglobin with FePor(CF3)2 generates an undetectable active intermediate with a radical character. In contrast, this reaction catalyzed by myoglobin with FePc includes a detectable iron-carbene species with electrophilic character. This finding highlights the importance of redox-focused design of the iron porphyrinoid cofactor in hemoproteins to tune the reactivity of the carbene transfer reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Oohora
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoki Himiyama
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan
| | - Akihiro Suzuki
- National Institute of Technology, Ibaraki College, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki, 312-8508, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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3
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Guo G, Li W, Zheng J, Liu A, Zhang Q, Wang Y. PhI(OAc) 2-Promoted 1,2-Transfer Reaction between 1,1-Disubstituted Allylic Alcohols and Thiophenols. Molecules 2024; 29:3112. [PMID: 38999064 PMCID: PMC11243614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The PhI(OAc)2-promoted 1,2-transfer reaction between allylic alcohols and thiophenols, conducted in an argon atmosphere, has proven to be effective in producing β-carbonyl sulfides from 1,1-disubstituted allylic alcohols in high yields. This method offers a fast and efficient way to synthesize β-carbonyl sulfides, which are valuable intermediates in organic synthesis. This discussion focuses on the effects of the oxidizer, temperature, and solvent on the reaction. A proposed tentative mechanism for this reaction is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhe Guo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Oil and Gas Resources, College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China
| | - Wenduo Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Oil and Gas Resources, College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Oil and Gas Resources, College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China
| | - Aping Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Oil and Gas Resources, College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Oil and Gas Resources, College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China
| | - Yatao Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Oil and Gas Resources, College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China
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4
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Ji X, Shen C, Ni Y, Si ZY, Wang Y, Zhi X, Zhao Y, Peng H, Liu L. Stereoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Conjugated Dienes Enabled by Photo-Driven Sequential Sigmatropic Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400805. [PMID: 38587996 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
We here reported a highly stereoselective method for the synthesis of polysubstituted conjugated dienes from α-aryl α-diazo alkynyl ketones and pyrazole-substituted unsymmetric aminals under mild conditions, which was promoted by photo-irridation and involved with 1,6-dipolar intermediate and quadruple sigmatropic rearrangements, was successfully developed. In this transformation, the cleavage of four bonds and the recombination of five bonds were implemented in one operational step. This protocol provided a modular tool for constructing dienes from amines, pyrazoles and α-alkynyl-α-diazoketones in one-pot manner. The results of mechanistic investigation indicated that the plausible reaction path underwent the 1,6-sigmatropic rearrangement instead of the 1,5-sigmatropic rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ji
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Chaoren Shen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Ni
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yao Si
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Xinrong Zhi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Peng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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5
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Yang FY, Han TJ, Jia SK, Wang MC, Mei GJ. Catalytic [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of sulfonium ylides derived from azoalkenes: non-carbenoid Doyle-Kirmse reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3107-3110. [PMID: 36808428 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The Sc(III)-catalyzed [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of sulfonium ylides derived from azoalkenes has been established. Owing to the absence of a carbenoid intermediate, this protocol represents the first non-carbenoid variant of the Doyle-Kirmse reaction. Under mild conditions, a variety of tertiary thioethers have been readily prepared in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Yuan Yang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Tian-Jiao Han
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Shi-Kun Jia
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Min-Can Wang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Guang-Jian Mei
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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6
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Liu X, Liu LG, Chen CM, Li X, Xu Z, Lu X, Zhou B, Ye LW. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Doyle-Kirmse Reaction of Azide-Ynamides via α-Imino Copper Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216923. [PMID: 36639865 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
[2,3]-Sigmatropic rearrangement reaction involving sulfonium ylide (Doyle-Kirmse reaction) generated from metal carbenes represents one of the powerful methods for the construction of C(sp3 )-S and C-C bonds. Although significant advances have been achieved, the asymmetric versions via the generation of sulfonium ylides from metal carbenes have been rarely reported to date, and they have so far been limited to diazo compounds as metal carbene precursors. Here, we describe a copper-catalyzed enantioselective Doyle-Kirmse reaction via azide-ynamide cyclization, leading to the practical and divergent assembly of an array of chiral [1,4]thiazino[3,2-b]indoles bearing a quaternary carbon stereocenter in generally moderate to excellent yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Importantly, this protocol represents a unique catalytic asymmetric Doyle-Kirmse reaction via a non-diazo approach and an unprecedented asymmetric [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement via α-imino metal carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Li-Gao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Can-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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7
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Liu Y, Wu Z, Deska J. Coding Synthetic Chemistry Strategies for Furan Valorization into Bacterial Designer Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201790. [PMID: 36416391 PMCID: PMC10107124 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Following a synthetic chemistry blueprint for the valorization of lignocellulosic platform chemicals, this study showcases a so far unprecedented approach to implement non-natural enzyme modules in vivo. For the design of a novel functional whole cell tool, two purely abiotic transformations, a styrene monooxygenase-catalyzed Achmatowicz rearrangement and an alcohol dehydrogenase-mediated borrowing hydrogen redox isomerization, were incorporated into a recombinant bacterial host. Introducing this type of chemistry otherwise unknown in biosynthesis, the cellular factories were enabled to produce complex lactone building blocks in good yield from bio-based furan substrates. This whole cell system streamlined the synthetic cascade, eliminated isolation and purification steps, and provided a high degree of stereoselectivity that has so far been elusive in the chemical methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chang Liu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA.I. Virtasen aukio 100560HelsinkiFinland
- Department of ChemistryAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
| | - Zhong‐Liu Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied MicrobiologyEnvironmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Jan Deska
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA.I. Virtasen aukio 100560HelsinkiFinland
- Department of ChemistryAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
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8
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Rajakumara E, Saniya D, Bajaj P, Rajeshwari R, Giri J, Davari MD. Hijacking Chemical Reactions of P450 Enzymes for Altered Chemical Reactions and Asymmetric Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010214. [PMID: 36613657 PMCID: PMC9820634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s are heme-containing enzymes capable of the oxidative transformation of a wide range of organic substrates. A protein scaffold that coordinates the heme iron, and the catalytic pocket residues, together, determine the reaction selectivity and regio- and stereo-selectivity of the P450 enzymes. Different substrates also affect the properties of P450s by binding to its catalytic pocket. Modulating the redox potential of the heme by substituting iron-coordinating residues changes the chemical reaction, the type of cofactor requirement, and the stereoselectivity of P450s. Around hundreds of P450s are experimentally characterized, therefore, a mechanistic understanding of the factors affecting their catalysis is increasingly vital in the age of synthetic biology and biotechnology. Engineering P450s can enable them to catalyze a variety of chemical reactions viz. oxygenation, peroxygenation, cyclopropanation, epoxidation, nitration, etc., to synthesize high-value chiral organic molecules with exceptionally high stereo- and regioselectivity and catalytic efficiency. This review will focus on recent studies of the mechanistic understandings of the modulation of heme redox potential in the engineered P450 variants, and the effect of small decoy molecules, dual function small molecules, and substrate mimetics on the type of chemical reaction and the catalytic cycle of the P450 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eerappa Rajakumara
- Macromolecular Structural Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, India
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Dubey Saniya
- Macromolecular Structural Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, India
| | - Priyanka Bajaj
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), NH-44, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Rajanna Rajeshwari
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot Campus, GKVK, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Jyotsnendu Giri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, India
| | - Mehdi D. Davari
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (M.D.D.)
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9
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Siriboe MG, Vargas DA, Fasan R. Dehaloperoxidase Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopropanol Esters. J Org Chem 2022. [PMID: 36542602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chiral cyclopropanols are highly desirable building blocks for medicinal chemistry, but the stereoselective synthesis of these molecules remains challenging. Here, a novel strategy is reported for the diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of cyclopropanol derivatives via the biocatalytic asymmetric cyclopropanation of vinyl esters with ethyl diazoacetate (EDA). A dehaloperoxidase enzyme from Amphitrite ornata was repurposed to catalyze this challenging cyclopropanation reaction, and its activity and stereoselectivity were optimized via protein engineering. Using this system, a broad range of electron-deficient vinyl esters were efficiently converted to the desired cyclopropanation products with up to 99.5:0.5 diastereomeric and enantiomeric ratios. In addition, the engineered dehaloperoxidase-based biocatalyst is able to catalyze a variety of other abiological carbene transfer reactions, including N-H/S-H carbene insertion with EDA as well as cyclopropanation with diazoacetonitrile, thus adding to the multifunctionality of this enzyme and defining it as a valuable new scaffold for the development of novel carbene transferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary G Siriboe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York14627, United States
| | - David A Vargas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York14627, United States
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York14627, United States
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10
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Li F, Xu Y, Wang C, Wang C, Xie H, Xu Y, Chen P, Wang L. Efficient Synthesis of Substituted Pyrazoles Via [3+2] Cycloaddition Catalyzed By Lipase in Ionic Liquid. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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11
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Liu Y, Liu X, Feng X. Recent advances in metal-catalysed asymmetric sigmatropic rearrangements. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12290-12308. [PMID: 36382273 PMCID: PMC9629009 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03806d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric sigmatropic rearrangement is a powerful organic transformation via substrate-reorganization to efficiently increase molecular complexity from readily accessible starting materials. In particular, a high level of diastereo- and enantioselectivity can be readily accessed through well-defined and predictable transition states in [3,3], [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements, which have been widely applied in the synthesis of various chiral building blocks, natural products, and pharmaceuticals. In recent years, catalytic asymmetric sigmatropic rearrangements involving chiral metal complexes to induce stereocontrol have been intensively studied. This review presents an overview of metal-catalysed enantioselective versions of sigmatropic rearrangements in the past two decades, mainly focusing on [3,3], [2,3], and [1,3]-rearrangements, to show the development of substrate design, new catalyst exploitation, and novel cascade processes. In addition, their application in the asymmetric synthesis of complex natural products is also exemplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbin Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518132 China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518132 China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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12
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Wang Y, Jia P, Hao Y, Li J, Lai R, Guo L, Wu Y. Blue light induced [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement reactions of tosylhydrazones. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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13
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Van Stappen C, Deng Y, Liu Y, Heidari H, Wang JX, Zhou Y, Ledray AP, Lu Y. Designing Artificial Metalloenzymes by Tuning of the Environment beyond the Primary Coordination Sphere. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11974-12045. [PMID: 35816578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes catalyze a variety of reactions using a limited number of natural amino acids and metallocofactors. Therefore, the environment beyond the primary coordination sphere must play an important role in both conferring and tuning their phenomenal catalytic properties, enabling active sites with otherwise similar primary coordination environments to perform a diverse array of biological functions. However, since the interactions beyond the primary coordination sphere are numerous and weak, it has been difficult to pinpoint structural features responsible for the tuning of activities of native enzymes. Designing artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) offers an excellent basis to elucidate the roles of these interactions and to further develop practical biological catalysts. In this review, we highlight how the secondary coordination spheres of ArMs influence metal binding and catalysis, with particular focus on the use of native protein scaffolds as templates for the design of ArMs by either rational design aided by computational modeling, directed evolution, or a combination of both approaches. In describing successes in designing heme, nonheme Fe, and Cu metalloenzymes, heteronuclear metalloenzymes containing heme, and those ArMs containing other metal centers (including those with non-native metal ions and metallocofactors), we have summarized insights gained on how careful controls of the interactions in the secondary coordination sphere, including hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions, allow the generation and tuning of these respective systems to approach, rival, and, in a few cases, exceed those of native enzymes. We have also provided an outlook on the remaining challenges in the field and future directions that will allow for a deeper understanding of the secondary coordination sphere a deeper understanding of the secondary coordintion sphere to be gained, and in turn to guide the design of a broader and more efficient variety of ArMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Van Stappen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yunling Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hirbod Heidari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jing-Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Aaron P Ledray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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14
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Liu Y, Lai KL, Vong K. Transition Metal Scaffolds Used To Bring New‐to‐Nature Reactions into Biological Systems. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liu
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Ka Lun Lai
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Kenward Vong
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
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15
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Iannuzzelli J, Bacik JP, Moore EJ, Shen Z, Irving EM, Vargas DA, Khare SD, Ando N, Fasan R. Tuning Enzyme Thermostability via Computationally Guided Covalent Stapling and Structural Basis of Enhanced Stabilization. Biochemistry 2022; 61:1041-1054. [PMID: 35612958 PMCID: PMC9178789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing the thermostability of enzymes without impacting their catalytic function represents an important yet challenging goal in protein engineering and biocatalysis. We recently introduced a novel method for enzyme thermostabilization that relies on the computationally guided installation of genetically encoded thioether "staples" into a protein via cysteine alkylation with the noncanonical amino acid O-2-bromoethyl tyrosine (O2beY). Here, we demonstrate the functionality of an expanded set of electrophilic amino acids featuring chloroacetamido, acrylamido, and vinylsulfonamido side-chain groups for protein stapling using this strategy. Using a myoglobin-based cyclopropanase as a model enzyme, our studies show that covalent stapling with p-chloroacetamido-phenylalanine (pCaaF) provides higher stapling efficiency and enhanced stability (thermodynamic and kinetic) compared to the other stapled variants and the parent protein. Interestingly, molecular simulations of conformational flexibility of the cross-links show that the pCaaF staple allows fewer energetically feasible conformers than the other staples, and this property may be a broader indicator of stability enhancement. Using this strategy, pCaaF-stapled variants with significantly enhanced stability against thermal denaturation (ΔTm' = +27 °C) and temperature-induced heme loss (ΔT50 = +30 °C) were obtained while maintaining high levels of catalytic activity and stereoselectivity. Crystallographic analyses of singly and doubly stapled variants provide key insights into the structural basis for stabilization, which includes both direct interactions of the staples with protein residues and indirect interactions through adjacent residues involved in heme binding. This work expands the toolbox of protein stapling strategies available for protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob
A. Iannuzzelli
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - John-Paul Bacik
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United
States
| | - Eric J. Moore
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Zhuofan Shen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers
University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Ellen M. Irving
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - David A. Vargas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Sagar D. Khare
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers
University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Nozomi Ando
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United
States
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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16
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Nyandoro K, Lamb CMG, Yu H, Shi J, Macmillan D. Investigation of acyl transfer auxiliary-assisted glycoconjugation for glycoprotein semi-synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8506-8514. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01633h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We explore reactions between sugar-linked acyl transfer auxiliaries and peptide or protein thioesters, and find that various glycoprotein analogues are accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haoran Yu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Chemistry, UCL, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Derek Macmillan
- Department of Chemistry, UCL, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
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17
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Ren X, Fasan R. Engineered and Artificial Metalloenzymes for Selective C-H Functionalization. CURRENT OPINION IN GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY 2021; 31:100494. [PMID: 34395950 PMCID: PMC8357270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2021.100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The direct functionalization of C-H bonds constitutes a powerful strategy to construct and diversify organic molecules. However, controlling the chemo- and site-selectivity of this transformation in particularly complex molecular settings represents a significant challenge. Metalloenzymes are ideal platforms for achieving catalyst-controlled selective C-H bond functionalization as their reactivities can be tuned by protein engineering and/or redesign of their cofactor environment. In this review, we highlight recent progress in the development of engineered and artificial metalloenzymes for C-H functionalization, with a focus on biocatalytic strategies for selective C-H oxyfunctionalization and halogenation as well as C-H amination and C-H carbene insertion via abiological nitrene and carbene transfer chemistries. Engineered heme- and non-heme iron dependent enzymes have emerged as promising scaffolds for executing these transformations with high chemo-, regio- and stereocontrol as well as tunable selectivity. These emerging systems and methodologies have expanded the toolbox of sustainable strategies for organic synthesis and created new opportunities for the generation of chiral building blocks, the late-stage C-H functionalization of complex molecules, and the total synthesis of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkun Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Hutchison Hall, 120 Trustee Rd, Rochester NY 14627, USA
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Hutchison Hall, 120 Trustee Rd, Rochester NY 14627, USA
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18
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Tantillo DJ, Laconsay CJ. Melding of Experiment and Theory Illuminates Mechanisms of Metal-Catalyzed Rearrangements: Computational Approaches and Caveats. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1720451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis review summarizes approaches and caveats in computational modeling of transition-metal-catalyzed sigmatropic rearrangements involving carbene transfer. We highlight contemporary examples of combined synthetic and theoretical investigations that showcase the synergy achievable by integrating experiment and theory.1 Introduction2 Mechanistic Models3 Theoretical Approaches and Caveats3.1 Recommended Computational Tools3.2 Choice of Functional and Basis Set3.3 Conformations and Ligand-Binding Modes3.4 Solvation4 Synergy of Experiment and Theory – Case Studies4.1 Metal-Bound or Free Ylides?4.2 Conformations and Ligand-Binding Modes of Paddlewheel Complexes4.3 No Metal, Just Light4.4 How To ‘Cope’ with Nonstatistical Dynamic Effects5 Outlook
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19
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Wang J, Yu J, Chen J, Jiang Y, Xiao T. Doyle-Kirmse reaction using 3,3-difluoroallyl sulfide and N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazole: an efficient access to gem-difluoroallylated multifunctional quaternary carbon. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6974-6978. [PMID: 34338276 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01129d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Doyle-Kirmse reaction of N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazole with 3,3-difluoroallyl sulfide through a Rh(ii)-catalyzed [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement has been developed, which provides an efficient access to multifunctional quaternary centers containing aryl, imino, thio, and brominated gem-difluoroallyl groups. The reaction features broad substrate scope with moderate to excellent yields. The applicability of the method is confirmed by gram-scale synthesis and further transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhuang Wang
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road 727, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, P. R. of China.
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20
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Roelfes G. Repurposed and artificial heme enzymes for cyclopropanation reactions. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 222:111523. [PMID: 34217039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Heme enzymes are some of the most versatile catalysts in nature. In recent years it has been found that they can also catalyze reactions for which there are no equivalents in nature. This development has been driven by the abiological catalytic reactivity reported for bio-inspired and biomimetic iron porphyrin complexes. This review focuss es on heme enzymes for catalysis of cyclopropanation reactions. The two most important approaches used to create enzymes for cyclopropanation are repurposing of heme enzymes and the various strategies used to improve these enzymes such as mutagenesis and heme replacement, and artificial heme enzymes. These strategies are introduced and compared. Moreover, lessons learned with regard to mechanism and design principles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Roelfes
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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21
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Li F, Pei C, Koenigs RM. Rhodium-catalyzed cascade reactions of triazoles with organoselenium compounds - a combined experimental and mechanistic study. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6362-6369. [PMID: 34084435 PMCID: PMC8115268 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00495f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report on our studies on the reaction of organoselenium compounds with triazoles under thermal conditions using simple Rh(ii) catalysts. These reactions do not provide the product of classic rearrangement reactions. Instead two different cascade reactions were uncovered. While allyl selenides react in a cascade of sigmatropic rearrangement and selenium-mediated radical cyclization reaction to give dihydropyrroles, cinnamyl selenides undergo a double rearrangement reaction cascade involving a final aza-Cope reaction to give the product of 1,3-difunctionalization. Theoretical and experimental studies were conducted to provide an understanding of the reaction mechanism of these cascade reactions. The former provide an important insight into fundamental question on the nature of the ylide intermediate in rearrangement reactions and reveal that organoselenium compounds take up multiple roles in rearrangement reactions and mediate a free ylide reaction mechanism. Herein, we report on our studies on the reaction of organoselenium compounds with triazoles under thermal conditions using simple Rh(ii) catalysts.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry Landoltweg 1 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Chao Pei
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry Landoltweg 1 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry Landoltweg 1 D-52074 Aachen Germany
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22
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Vong K, Nasibullin I, Tanaka K. Exploring and Adapting the Molecular Selectivity of Artificial Metalloenzymes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenward Vong
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- GlycoTargeting Research Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Igor Nasibullin
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory, A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
- GlycoTargeting Research Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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23
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Oohora K, Hayashi T. Myoglobins engineered with artificial cofactors serve as artificial metalloenzymes and models of natural enzymes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1940-1949. [PMID: 33433532 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03597a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes naturally achieve various reactivities by assembling limited types of cofactors with endogenous amino acid residues. Enzymes containing metal porphyrinoid cofactors such as heme, cobalamin and F430 exert precise control over the reactivities of the cofactors with protein matrices. This perspective article focuses on our recent efforts to assemble metal complexes of non-natural porphyrinoids within the protein matrix of myoglobin, an oxygen storage hemoprotein. Engineered myoglobins with suitable metal complexes as artificial cofactors demonstrate unique reactivities toward C-H bond hydroxylation, olefin cyclopropanation, methyl group transfer and methane generation. In these cases, the protein matrix enhances the catalytic activities of the cofactors and allows us to monitor the active intermediates. The present findings indicate that placing artificial cofactors in protein matrices provides a useful strategy for creating artificial metalloenzymes that catalyse otherwise unfavourable reactions and providing enzyme models for elucidating the complicated reaction mechanisms of natural enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Oohora
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
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24
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Cao Y, Li X, Ge J. Enzyme Catalyst Engineering toward the Integration of Biocatalysis and Chemocatalysis. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 39:1173-1183. [PMID: 33551176 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic catalysis, which has been driving biological processes in a green, mild, and efficient manner for billions of years, is increasingly being used in industrial processes to manufacture chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and materials for human society. Since enzymes were discovered, strategies to adapt enzymes for use as catalysts for industrial processes, such as chemical modification, immobilization, site-directed mutagenesis, directed evolution of enzymes, artificial metalloenzymes, and computational design, have been continuously pursued. In contrast to these strategies, editing enzymes to easily integrate biocatalysis with chemocatalysis is a potential way to apply enzymes in industry. Enzyme catalyst editing focuses on fine-tuning the microenvironment surrounding the enzyme or achieving a new catalytic function to construct better biocatalysis under non-natural conditions for the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Cao
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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25
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Kaur P, Tyagi V. Recent Advances in Iron‐Catalyzed Chemical and Enzymatic Carbene‐Transfer Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parmjeet Kaur
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004 Punjab India
| | - Vikas Tyagi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004 Punjab India
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26
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Nam D, Steck V, Potenzino RJ, Fasan R. A Diverse Library of Chiral Cyclopropane Scaffolds via Chemoenzymatic Assembly and Diversification of Cyclopropyl Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2221-2231. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donggeon Nam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Viktoria Steck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Robert J. Potenzino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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27
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Jana S, Guo Y, Koenigs RM. Recent Perspectives on Rearrangement Reactions of Ylides via Carbene Transfer Reactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:1270-1281. [PMID: 32754993 PMCID: PMC7894496 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Among the available methods to increase the molecular complexity, sigmatropic rearrangements occupy a distinct position in organic synthesis. Despite being known for over a century sigmatropic rearrangement reactions of ylides via carbene transfer reaction have only recently come of age. Most of the ylide mediated rearrangement processes involve rupture of a σ-bond and formation of a new bond between π-bond and negatively charged atom followed by simultaneous redistribution of π-electrons. This minireview describes the advances in this research area made in recent years, which now opens up metal-catalyzed enantioselective sigmatropic rearrangement reactions, metal-free photochemical rearrangement reactions and novel reaction pathways that can be accessed via ylide intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sripati Jana
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Yujing Guo
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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28
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Liu Z, Jin X, Dang Y. Mechanistic Studies of Copper(I)-Catalyzed Stereoselective [2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangements of Diazoesters with Allylic Iodides/Sulfides. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheyuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaojiao Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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29
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Ren X, Liu N, Chandgude AL, Fasan R. An Enzymatic Platform for the Highly Enantioselective and Stereodivergent Construction of Cyclopropyl‐δ‐lactones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinkun Ren
- Department of Chemistry University of Rochester 120 Trustee Road Rochester NY 16427 USA
| | - Ningyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry University of Rochester 120 Trustee Road Rochester NY 16427 USA
| | - Ajay L. Chandgude
- Department of Chemistry University of Rochester 120 Trustee Road Rochester NY 16427 USA
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry University of Rochester 120 Trustee Road Rochester NY 16427 USA
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30
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First biocatalytic Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé reaction to synthesize imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives using lipase enzyme. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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31
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Steck V, Carminati DM, Johnson NR, Fasan R. Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Amines via Biocatalytic Carbene N-H Insertion. ACS Catal 2020; 10:10967-10977. [PMID: 34484852 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Optically active amines represent highly valuable building blocks for the synthesis of advanced pharmaceutical intermediates, drug molecules, and biologically active natural products. Hemoproteins have recently emerged as promising biocatalysts for the formation of C-N bonds via carbene transfer, but asymmetric N-H carbene insertion reactions using these or other enzymes have so far been elusive. Here, we report the successful development of a biocatalytic strategy for the asymmetric N-H carbene insertion of aromatic amines with 2-diazopropanoate esters using engineered variants of myoglobin. High activity and stereoinduction in this reaction could be achieved by tuning the chiral environment around the heme cofactor in the metalloprotein in combination with catalyst-matching and tailoring of the diazo reagent. Using this approach, an efficient biocatalytic protocol for the synthesis of a broad range of substituted aryl amines with up to 82% ee was obtained. In addition, a stereocomplementary catalyst useful for accessing the mirror-image form of the N-H insertion products was identified. This work paves the way to asymmetric amine synthesis via biocatalytic carbene transfer, and the present strategy based on the synergistic combination of protein and diazo reagent engineering is expected to prove useful in the context of these as well as other challenging asymmetric carbene transfer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Steck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, New York United States
| | - Daniela M. Carminati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, New York United States
| | - Nathan R. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, New York United States
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, New York United States
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32
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Ren X, Liu N, Chandgude AL, Fasan R. An Enzymatic Platform for the Highly Enantioselective and Stereodivergent Construction of Cyclopropyl-δ-lactones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21634-21639. [PMID: 32667122 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abiological enzymes offers new opportunities for sustainable chemistry. Herein, we report the development of biological catalysts derived from sperm whale myoglobin that exploit a carbene transfer mechanism for the asymmetric synthesis of cyclopropane-fused-δ-lactones, which are key structural motifs found in many biologically active natural products. While hemin, wild-type myoglobin, and other hemoproteins are unable to catalyze this reaction, the myoglobin scaffold could be remodeled by protein engineering to permit the intramolecular cyclopropanation of a broad spectrum of homoallylic diazoacetate substrates in high yields and with up to 99 % enantiomeric excess. Via an alternate evolutionary trajectory, a stereodivergent biocatalyst was also obtained for affording mirror-image forms of the desired bicyclic products. In combination with whole-cell transformations, the myoglobin-based biocatalyst was used for the asymmetric construction of a cyclopropyl-δ-lactone scaffold at a gram scale, which could be further elaborated to furnish a variety of enantiopure trisubstituted cyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkun Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 16427, USA
| | - Ningyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 16427, USA
| | - Ajay L Chandgude
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 16427, USA
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 16427, USA
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33
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Chen H, Jiang W, Zeng Q. Recent Advances in Synthesis of Chiral Thioethers. CHEM REC 2020; 20:1269-1296. [PMID: 32930488 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chiral thioethers is an important class of organosulfur molecules with extensive applications, especially in the field of medicine and organic synthesis. This review discusses the recent progress of synthesis of enantioenriched chiral thioethers and hopes to be helpful for related research in the future. It is summarized from organosulfur compounds-participating organic reaction types, including nucleophilic substitution, cross coupling, sulfa-Michael addition, sulfenylation, asymmetric allylic reaction, asymmetric Doyle-Kirmse reaction, Pummerer-type rearrangement, Smiles rearrangement,[2,3] Stevens and Sommelet-Hauser rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, 1 Dongsan Road, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Wenlong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, 1 Dongsan Road, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Qingle Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, 1 Dongsan Road, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, 610059, China
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34
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Abstract
AbstractThe use of iron catalysis to enable reactions with diazo compounds has emerged as a valuable tool to forge carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bonds. While diazo compounds are often encountered with toxic and expensive metal catalysts, such as Rh, Ru, Pd, Ir, and Cu, a resurgence of Fe catalysis has been observed. This short review will showcase and highlight the recent advances in iron-mediated reactions of diazo compounds.1 Introduction2 Insertion Reactions2.1 Insertion into B–H Bonds2.2 Insertion into Si–H Bonds2.3 Insertion into N–H Bonds2.4 Insertion into S–H bonds3 Ylide Formation and Subsequent Reactions3.1 Doyle–Kirmse Rearrangement3.2 [1,2]-Stevens and Sommelet–Hauser Rearrangements3.3 Olefination Reactions3.4 Cycloaddition Reactions3.5 gem-Difluoroalkenylation4 Three-Component Reactions5 Miscellaneous6 Conclusion
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35
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Enantioselective Intramolecular [2,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Aldehydes via a Sulfonium Enamine Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20904-20908. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Li L, Chen B, Chen J, Huang Y. Enantioselective Intramolecular [2,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Aldehydes via a Sulfonium Enamine Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Baoli Chen
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518055 China
- Shenzhen Public Platform of Drug Screening and Preclinical Evaluation Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jiean Chen
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518055 China
- Shenzhen Public Platform of Drug Screening and Preclinical Evaluation Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
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37
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Li SS, Wang J. Cu(I)/Chiral Bisoxazoline-Catalyzed Enantioselective Sommelet–Hauser Rearrangement of Sulfonium Ylides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12343-12358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Sen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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38
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Acosta-Guzmán P, Mahecha-Mahecha C, Gamba-Sánchez D. Electrophilic Chlorine from Chlorosulfonium Salts: A Highly Chemoselective Reduction of Sulfoxides. Chemistry 2020; 26:10348-10354. [PMID: 32428263 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a selective late-stage deoxygenation of sulfoxides based on a novel application of chlorosulfonium salts and demonstrate a new process using these species generated in situ from sulfoxides as the source of electrophilic chlorine. The use of highly nucleophilic 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene (TMB) as the reducing agent is described for the first time and applied in the deoxygenation of simple and functionalized sulfoxides. The method is easy to handle, economic, suitable for gram-scale operations, and readily applied for poly-functionalized molecules, as demonstrated with more than 45 examples, including commercial medicines and analogues. We also report the results of competition experiments that define the more reactive sulfoxide and we present a mechanistic proposal based on substrate and product observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Acosta-Guzmán
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Bio and Organocatalysis, Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-12 Q:305, Bogota, 111711, Colombia
| | - Camilo Mahecha-Mahecha
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Bio and Organocatalysis, Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-12 Q:305, Bogota, 111711, Colombia
| | - Diego Gamba-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Bio and Organocatalysis, Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-12 Q:305, Bogota, 111711, Colombia
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39
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Carminati DM, Moore EJ, Fasan R. Strategies for the expression and characterization of artificial myoglobin-based carbene transferases. Methods Enzymol 2020; 644:35-61. [PMID: 32943150 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Myoglobin has recently emerged as a versatile metalloprotein scaffold for the design of efficient and selective biocatalysts for abiological carbene transfer reactions, including asymmetric cyclopropanation reactions. Over the past few years, our group has explored several strategies to modulate the carbene transfer reactivity of myoglobin-based catalysts, including the substitution of the native heme cofactor and conserved histidine axial ligand with non-native porphynoid ligands and alternative natural and unnatural amino acids as the metal-coordinating ligands, respectively. Herein, we report protocols for the generation and reconstitution in vitro and in vivo of myoglobin-based artificial carbene transferases incorporating non-native iron-porphynoid cofactors, also in combination with unnatural amino acids as the proximal ligand. These strategies are effective for imparting these myoglobin-based cyclopropanation biocatalysts with altered and improved function, including tolerance to aerobic conditions and improved reactivity toward electrondeficient olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Carminati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Eric J Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.
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40
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Pineda-Knauseder AJ, Vargas DA, Fasan R. Organic solvent stability and long-term storage of myoglobin-based carbene transfer biocatalysts. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:516-526. [PMID: 32542734 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a rapid increase in the application of enzymes for chemical synthesis and manufacturing, including the industrial-scale synthesis of pharmaceuticals using multienzyme processes. From an operational standpoint, these bioprocesses often require robust biocatalysts capable of tolerating high concentrations of organic solvents and possessing long shelflife stability. In this work, we investigated the activity and stability of myoglobin (Mb)-based carbene transfer biocatalysts in the presence of organic solvents and after lyophilization. Our studies demonstrate that Mb-based cyclopropanases possess remarkable organic solvent stability, maintaining high levels of activity and stereoselectivity in the presence of up to 30%-50% (v/v) concentrations of various organic solvents, including ethanol, methanol, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, and dimethyl sulfoxide. Furthermore, they tolerate long-term storage in lyophilized form, both as purified protein and as whole cells, without significant loss in activity and stereoselectivity. These stability properties are shared by Mb-based carbene transferases optimized for other type of asymmetric carbene transfer reactions. Finally, we report on simple protocols for catalyst recycling as whole-cell system and for obviating the need for strictly anaerobic conditions to perform these transformations. These findings demonstrate the robustness of Mb-based carbene transferases under operationally relevant conditions and should help guide the application of these biocatalysts for synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A Vargas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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41
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Zetzsche LE, Narayan ARH. Broadening the scope of biocatalytic C-C bond formation. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 4:334-346. [PMID: 34430708 PMCID: PMC8382263 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-0191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The impeccable control over chemo-, site-, and stereoselectivity possible in enzymatic reactions has led to a surge in the development of new biocatalytic methods. Despite carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds providing the central framework for organic molecules, development of biocatalytic methods for their formation has been largely confined to the use of a select few lyases over the last several decades, limiting the types of C-C bond-forming transformations possible through biocatalytic methods. This Review provides an update on the suite of enzymes available for highly selective biocatalytic C-C bond formation. Examples will be discussed in reference to the (1) native activity of enzymes, (2) alteration of activity through protein or substrate engineering for broader applicability, and (3) utility of the biocatalyst for abiotic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara E. Zetzsche
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alison R. H. Narayan
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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42
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Yan X, Li C, Xu X, Zhao X, Pan Y. Hemin Catalyzed Dealkylative Intercepted [2, 3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement Reactions of Sulfonium Ylides with 2, 2, 2‐Trifluorodiazoethane. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yan
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Zheda Road 38 Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Bingwen Road 548 Hangzhou 310053 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Zheda Road 38 Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Zheda Road 38 Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Zheda Road 38 Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
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43
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Steck V, Sreenilayam G, Fasan R. Selective Functionalization of Aliphatic Amines via Myoglobin-catalyzed Carbene N-H Insertion. Synlett 2020; 31:224-229. [PMID: 32255925 PMCID: PMC7108785 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1690007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Engineered myoglobins have recently gained attention for their ability to catalyze a variety of abiological carbene transfer reactions including the functionalization of amines via carbene insertion into N-H bonds. However, the scope of myoglobin and other hemoprotein-based biocatalysts in the context of this transformation has been largely limited to aniline derivatives as the amine substrates and ethyl diazoacetate as the carbene donor reagent. In this report, we describe the development of an engineered myoglobin-based catalyst useful for promoting carbene N-H insertion reactions across a broad range of substituted benzylamines and α-diazo acetates with high efficiency (82-99% conversion), elevated catalytic turnovers (up to 7,000), and excellent chemoselectivity for the desired single insertion product (up to 99%). The scope of this transformation could be extended to cyclic aliphatic amines. These studies expand the biocatalytic toolbox available for the selective formation of C-N bonds, which are ubiquitous in many natural and synthetic bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Steck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester. 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY 14627, United States
| | - Gopeekrishnan Sreenilayam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester. 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY 14627, United States
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester. 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY 14627, United States
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44
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Weissenborn MJ, Koenigs RM. Iron‐porphyrin Catalyzed Carbene Transfer Reactions – an Evolution from Biomimetic Catalysis towards Chemistry‐inspired Non‐natural Reactivities of Enzymes. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Weissenborn
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 3 Halle 06120 Germany
- Institute of ChemistryMartin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2 Halle 06120 Germany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 Aachen 52074 Germany
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46
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Damiano C, Sonzini P, Gallo E. Iron catalysts with N-ligands for carbene transfer of diazo reagents. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4867-4905. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00221f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the catalytic activity of iron complexes of nitrogen ligands in driving carbene transfers towards CC, C–H and X–H bonds. The reactivity of diazo reagents is discussed as well as the proposed reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Sonzini
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milan
- Italy
| | - Emma Gallo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milan
- Italy
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47
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Reddy ACS, Ramachandran K, Reddy PM, Anbarasan P. Rhodium-catalyzed Sommelet–Hauser type rearrangement of α-diazoimines: synthesis of functionalized enamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5649-5652. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00016g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An efficient rhodium catalyzed Sommelet–Hauser type rearrangement of sulfur ylides derived from α-thioesters and N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles has been successfully accomplished for the synthesis of various functionalized enamides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuppan Ramachandran
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai–600036
- India
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48
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Liu Y, You T, Wang HX, Tang Z, Zhou CY, Che CM. Iron- and cobalt-catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions and their application in organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5310-5358. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the developments in iron and cobalt catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions with emphasis on their applications in organic synthesis, i.e. natural products and pharmaceuticals synthesis and/or modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Tingjie You
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Zhou Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
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49
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TANAKA K, VONG K. Unlocking the therapeutic potential of artificial metalloenzymes. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 96:79-94. [PMID: 32161212 PMCID: PMC7167364 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.96.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to harness the functionality of metals, nature has evolved over billions of years to utilize metalloproteins as key components in numerous cellular processes. Despite this, transition metals such as ruthenium, palladium, iridium, and gold are largely absent from naturally occurring metalloproteins, likely due to their scarcity as precious metals. To mimic the evolutionary process of nature, the field of artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) was born as a way to benefit from the unique chemoselectivity and orthogonality of transition metals in a biological setting. In its current state, numerous examples have successfully incorporated transition metals into a variety of protein scaffolds. Using these ArMs, many examples of new-to-nature reactions have been carried out, some of which have shown substantial biocompatibility. Given the rapid rate at which this field is growing, this review aims to highlight some important studies that have begun to take the next step within this field; namely the development of ArM-centered drug therapies or biotechnological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori TANAKA
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Baton Zone Program, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: K. Tanaka, Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Kenward VONG
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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50
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Shen SJ, Du XL, Xu XL, Wu YH, Zhao MG, Liang JY. Combined inorganic base promoted N-addition/[2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement to construct homoallyl sulfur-containing pyrazolones. RSC Adv 2019; 9:34912-34925. [PMID: 35542052 PMCID: PMC9082452 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07610g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The first sequentially combined inorganic base promoted N-addition/[2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement reaction of α-alkylidene pyrazolinones and propargyl sulfonium salts has been reported to construct homoallyl sulfur-containing pyrazolones with moderate to excellent yields. α-Alkylidene pyrazolinones function as N-nucleophilic agents distinguished from the reported C-addition reactions. Propargyl sulfonium salts were first involved in the [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement protocol differentiated from the well-established annulation reactions. The excellent regioselectivity, the broad scope of substrates, gram-scale synthesis and convenient transformation embody the synthetic superiority of this cascade process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Jie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules, Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University Linfen 041004 China
| | - Xiao-Li Du
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules, Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University Linfen 041004 China
| | - Xiao-Li Xu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University Linfen 041004 China
| | - Yue-Hua Wu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University Linfen 041004 China
| | - Ming-Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules, Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University Linfen 041004 China
| | - Jin-Yan Liang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University Linfen 041004 China
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