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Aly SH, Elissawy AM, El Hassab MA, Majrashi TA, Hassan FE, Elkaeed EB, Eldehna WM, Singab ANB. Comparative metabolic study of the chloroform fraction of three Cystoseira species based on UPLC/ESI/MS analysis and biological activities. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2292482. [PMID: 38086785 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2292482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the phytoconstituents of the chloroform fraction of three Cystoseira spp. namely C. myrica, C. trinodis, and C. tamariscifolia using UPLC/ESI/MS technique. The results revealed the identification of 19, 20 and 11 metabolites in C. myrica, C. trinodis, and C. tamariscifolia, respectively mainly terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids and fatty acids. Also, an in vitro antioxidant study using FRAP and DPPH assays was conducted where the chloroform fraction of C. trinodis displayed the highest antioxidant activity in both assays, which would be attributed to its highest total phenolics and total flavonoids. Besides, the investigation of COX-1, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities were performed. Regarding C. trinodis, it showed the strongest inhibitory activity towards COX-1. Moreover, it showed potent inhibitory activity towards α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. According to the molecular docking studies, the major compounds characterised showed efficient binding to the active sites of the target enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza H Aly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Elissawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Centre of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A El Hassab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, King Salman International University (KSIU), South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Taghreed A Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma E Hassan
- Department of Physiology, General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Physiology Department, Kasr Alainy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Centre of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Aly SH, Mahmoud AMA, Abdel Mageed SS, Khaleel EF, Badi RM, Elkaeed EB, Rasheed RA, El Hassab MA, Eldehna WM. Exploring the phytochemicals, antioxidant properties, and hepatoprotective potential of Moricandia sinaica leaves against paracetamol-induced toxicity: Biological evaluations and in Silico insights. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307901. [PMID: 39383154 PMCID: PMC11463746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Thirteen components were identified in the methanol extract of Moricandia sinaica leaves (MSLE) through analysis utilizing HPLC-ESI-MS/MS., including flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and fatty acids. The methanol extract of M. sinaica leaves contained total phenolics and flavonoids (59.37 ± 2.19 mg GAE/g and 38.94 ± 2.72 mg QE/g), respectively. Furthermore, it revealed in vitro antioxidant properties as determined by the DPPH and FRAP assays, with respective IC50 values of 10.22 ± 0.64 and 20.89 ± 1.25 μg/mL. The extract exhibited a notable hepatoprotective effect in rats who experienced paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. When a dose of 250 mg/kg was given, there was a 52% reduction in alanine transaminase and a 30% reduction in aspartate transaminase compared to the group with the disease. Furthermore, it demonstrated a 3.4-fold, 2.2-fold, and 2.6-fold increase in superoxide dismutase, non-protein sulfhydryl, and glutathione peroxidase, respectively. In addition, it demonstrated a 68% decrease in lipid peroxide levels compared to the group with paracetamol-induced condition. The verification was conducted using a histological study, which identified improved liver histology with a small number of distended hepatocytes. Moreover, in silico studies focused on the enzymes NADPH oxidase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase as the targets for the major compounds. In conclusion, MSLE showed promising hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities due to its richness in antioxidant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza H. Aly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt
| | - Abdulla M. A. Mahmoud
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif S. Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman F. Khaleel
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, King Khalid University, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Mustafa Badi
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, King Khalid University, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam B. Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabab Ahmed Rasheed
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. El Hassab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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3
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Cecil RF, Strohl L, Thomas MK, Schwartz JL, Timoshevskaya N, Smith JJ, Voss SR. Tyrp1 is the mendelian determinant of the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) copper mutant. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22399. [PMID: 39333770 PMCID: PMC11436669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Several dozen Mendelian mutants have been discovered in axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) populations, including several that affect pigmentation. Four recessive mutants have been described in the scientific literature and genes for three of these have been identified. Here we describe and genetically dissect copper, a mutant with an albino-like phenotype known only from the pet trade. We performed a cross segregating copper and wildtype color phenotypes and used bulked segregant RNA-Seq to identify a region on chromosome 6 that was enriched for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between the color phenotypes. This region included Tyrosinase-like Protein 1 (Tyrp1), a melanin synthesis protein that when mutated, is associated with lighter than black melanin coloration in animal models and oculocutaneous albinism in humans. Inspection of RNA-Seq reads identified a single nucleotide deletion that is predicted to change the coding frame, introduce a premature stop codon in exon 6 and yield a truncated Tyrp1 protein in copper individuals. Using CRISPR-Cas9 editing, we show that wildtype Tyrp1 crispants exhibit copper pigmentation, thus confirming Tyrp1 as the copper locus. Our results suggest that commercial and hobbyist axolotl populations may harbor useful mutants for biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa F Cecil
- Department of Neuroscience, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, and Ambystoma Genetic Stock Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | | | - Maddie K Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, and Ambystoma Genetic Stock Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - James L Schwartz
- Department of Neuroscience, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, and Ambystoma Genetic Stock Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | | | - Jeramiah J Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - S Randal Voss
- Department of Neuroscience, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, and Ambystoma Genetic Stock Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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4
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Errante F, Sforzi L, Supuran CT, Papini AM, Rovero P. Peptide and peptidomimetic tyrosinase inhibitors. Enzymes 2024; 56:135-189. [PMID: 39304286 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Melanin, which is produced by melanocytes and spread over keratinocytes, is responsible for human skin browning. There are several processes involved in melanogenesis, mostly prompted by enzymatic activities. Tyrosinase (TYR), a copper containing metalloenzyme, is considered the main actor in melanin production, as it catalyzes two crucial steps that modify tyrosine residues in dopaquinone. For this reason, TYR inhibition has been exploited as a possible mechanism of modulation of hyper melanogenesis. There are various types of molecules used to block TYR activity, principally used as skin whitening agents in cosmetic products, e.g., tretinoin, hydroquinone, azelaic acid, kojic acid, arbutin and peptides. Peptides are highly valued for their versatile nature, making them promising candidates for various functions. Their specificity often leads to excellent safety, tolerability, and efficacy in humans, which can be considered their primary advantage over traditional small molecules. There are several examples of tyrosinase inhibitor peptides (TIPs) operating as possible hypo-pigmenting agents, which can be classified according to their origin: natural, hybrid or synthetically produced. Moreover, the possibility of variating their backbones, introducing non-canonical amino acids or modifying one or more peptide bond(s), to obtain peptidomimetic molecules, is an added value to avoid or delay proteolytic activity, while the possibility of conjugation with other bioactive peptides or organic moieties can bring other specific activity leading to dual-functional peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fosca Errante
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Sforzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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5
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Bonardi A, Gratteri P. Computational studies of tyrosinase inhibitors. Enzymes 2024; 56:191-229. [PMID: 39304287 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Computational studies have significantly advanced the understanding of tyrosinase (TYR) function, mechanism, and inhibition, accelerating the development of more effective and selective inhibitors. This chapter provides an overview of in silico studies on TYR inhibitors, emphasizing key inhibitory chemotypes and the main residues involved in ligand-target interactions. The chapter discusses tools applied in the context of TYR inhibitor development, e.g., structure-based virtual screening, molecular docking, artificial intelligence, and machine learning algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bonardi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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6
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Xu Y, Liang X, Hyun CG. Discovery of Indole-Thiourea Derivatives as Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Kinetic Studies, and In Silico Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9636. [PMID: 39273583 PMCID: PMC11394742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanin synthesis, represents a crucial therapeutic target for hyperpigmentation disorders due to excessive melanin production. This study aimed to design and evaluate a series of indole-thiourea derivatives by conjugating thiosemicarbazones with strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity to indole. Among these derivatives, compound 4b demonstrated tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 5.9 ± 2.47 μM, outperforming kojic acid (IC50 = 16.4 ± 3.53 μM). Kinetic studies using Lineweaver-Burk plots confirmed competitive inhibition by compound 4b. Its favorable ADMET and drug-likeness properties make compound 4b a promising therapeutic candidate with a reduced risk of toxicity. Molecular docking revealed that the compounds bind strongly to mushroom tyrosinase (mTYR) and human tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), with compound 4b showing superior binding energies of -7.0 kcal/mol (mTYR) and -6.5 kcal/mol (TYRP1), surpassing both kojic acid and tropolone. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated the stability of the mTYR-4b complex with low RMSD and RMSF and consistent Rg and SASA values. Persistent strong hydrogen bonds with mTYR, along with favorable Gibbs free energy and MM/PBSA calculations (-19.37 kcal/mol), further support stable protein-ligand interactions. Overall, compound 4b demonstrated strong tyrosinase inhibition and favorable pharmacokinetics, highlighting its potential for treating pigmentary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Jeju Inside Agency and Cosmetic Science Center, Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuhui Liang
- Jeju Inside Agency and Cosmetic Science Center, Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gu Hyun
- Jeju Inside Agency and Cosmetic Science Center, Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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7
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Datta KK, Kore H, Gowda H. Multi-omics analysis delineates resistance mechanisms associated with BRAF inhibition in melanoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2024; 442:114215. [PMID: 39182666 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Mutant BRAF is a critical oncogenic driver in melanoma, making it an attractive therapeutic target. However, the success of targeted therapy using BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib has been limited due to development of resistance, restricting their clinical efficacy. A prior knowledge of resistance mechanisms to BRAFi or any cancer drug can lead to development of drugs that overcome resistance thus improving clinical outcomes. In vitro cellular models are powerful systems that can be utilized to mimic and study resistance mechanisms. In this study, we employed a multi-omics approach to characterize a panel of BRAF mutant melanoma cell lines to develop and systematically characterize BRAFi persister and resistant cells using exome sequencing, proteomics and phosphoproteomics. Our datasets revealed frequently observed intrinsic and acquired, genetic and non-genetic mechanisms of BRAFi resistance that have been studied in patients who developed resistance. In addition, we identified proteins that can be potentially targeted to overcome BRAFi resistance. Overall, we demonstrate that in vitro systems can be utilized not only to predict resistance mechanisms but also to identify putative therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshava K Datta
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Hitesh Kore
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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8
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Di Costanzo LF. Structural characterization of tyrosinases and an update on human enzymes. Enzymes 2024; 56:55-83. [PMID: 39304291 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosinase, a pivotal enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, orchestrates the pigmentation process in humans, affecting skin, hair, and eye color. This chapter examines the three-dimensional structure and functional aspects of tyrosinases from various sources, highlighting their di-metal ion coordination crucial for catalytic activity. I explore the biochemical pathwayscheme catalyzed by tyrosinase, specifically the oxidation of L-tyrosine to L-dopaquinone, a precursor in melanin synthesis. Detailed structural analyses, including 3D structures obtained from X-ray crystallography and computational modeling, reveal key insights into the enzyme's active site, variations among tyrosinases, and substrate binding mechanisms. Furthermore, the chapter investigates the role of human tyrosinase variants, their inhibitors, essential for developing therapeutic and cosmetic applications targeting hyperpigmentation disorders. Structural characterizations of tyrosinase-inhibitor complexes provide a foundation for designing effective inhibitors, with compounds like kojic acid, L-mimosine, and (S)-3-amino-tyrosine demonstrating significant inhibitory potential. This comprehensive examination of the structure, function, and inhibition mechanisms of tyrosinase offers avenues for innovative treatments in biotechnology, health, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Franklin Di Costanzo
- Department of Agriculture, Department of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Palace of Portici, Piazza Carlo di Borbone, Portici NA, Italy.
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9
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Faure C, Min Ng Y, Belle C, Soler-Lopez M, Khettabi L, Saïdi M, Berthet N, Maresca M, Philouze C, Rachidi W, Réglier M, du Moulinet d'Hardemare A, Jamet H. Interactions of Phenylalanine Derivatives with Human Tyrosinase: Lessons from Experimental and Theoretical tudies. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400235. [PMID: 38642076 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The pigmentation of the skin, modulated by different actors in melanogenesis, is mainly due to the melanins (protective pigments). In humans, these pigments' precursors are synthetized by an enzyme known as tyrosinase (TyH). The regulation of the enzyme activity by specific modulators (inhibitors or activators) can offer a means to fight hypo- and hyper-pigmentations responsible for medical, psychological and societal handicaps. Herein, we report the investigation of phenylalanine derivatives as TyH modulators. Interacting with the binuclear copper active site of the enzyme, phenylalanine derivatives combine effects induced by combination with known resorcinol inhibitors and natural substrate/intermediate (amino acid part). Computational studies including docking, molecular dynamics and free energy calculations combined with biological activity assays on isolated TyH and in human melanoma MNT-1 cells, and X-ray crystallography analyses with the TyH analogue Tyrp1, provide conclusive evidence of the interactions of phenylalanine derivatives with human tyrosinase. In particular, our findings indicate that an analogue of L-DOPA, namely (S)-3-amino-tyrosine, stands out as an amino phenol derivative with inhibitory properties against TyH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Faure
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Department of Molecular Chemistry (DCM, UMR 5250), 38058, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Yi Min Ng
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38053, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Belle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Department of Molecular Chemistry (DCM, UMR 5250), 38058, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Montserrat Soler-Lopez
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38053, Grenoble, France
| | - Lyna Khettabi
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38053, Grenoble, France
| | - Mélissa Saïdi
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38053, Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Berthet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Department of Molecular Chemistry (DCM, UMR 5250), 38058, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France)
| | - Christian Philouze
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Department of Molecular Chemistry (DCM, UMR 5250), 38058, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Walid Rachidi
- IRIG-BGE U1038, INSERM, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Biomics, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Marius Réglier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France)
| | | | - Hélène Jamet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Department of Molecular Chemistry (DCM, UMR 5250), 38058, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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10
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Saeed S, Saif MJ, Zahoor AF, Tabassum H, Kamal S, Faisal S, Ashraf R, Khan SG, Nazeer U, Irfan A, Bhat MA. Discovery of novel 1,2,4-triazole tethered β-hydroxy sulfides as bacterial tyrosinase inhibitors: synthesis and biophysical evaluation through in vitro and in silico approaches. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15419-15430. [PMID: 38741974 PMCID: PMC11089527 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01252f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of 1,2,4-triazole-tethered β-hydroxy sulfide scaffolds 11a-h was synthesized in good to remarkable yields (69-90%) through the thiolysis of oxiranes by the thiols in aqueous basic catalytic conditions. The synthesized 1,2,4-triazole-tethered β-hydroxy sulfides were screened against bacterial tyrosinase enzyme, and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cultures i.e., (S. aureus) Staphylococcus aureus & (E. coli) Escherichia coli. Among the synthesized derivatives, the molecules 11a (IC50 = 7.67 ± 1.00 μM), 11c (IC50 = 4.52 ± 0.09 μM), 11d (IC50 = 6.60 ± 1.25 μM), and 11f (IC50 = 5.93 ± 0.50 μM) displayed the better tyrosinase inhibitory activity in comparison to reference drugs ascorbic acid (IC50 = 11.5 ± 1.00 μM) and kojic acid (IC50 = 30.34 ± 0.75 μM). The molecule benzofuran-triazol-propan-2-ol 11c proved to be the most potent bacterial tyrosinase inhibitory agent with a minimum IC50 of 4.52 ± 0.09 μM, as compared to other synthesized counterparts and both standards (kojic acid and ascorbic acid). The compound diphenyl-triazol-propan-2-ol 11a and benzofuran-triazole-propan-2-ol 11c showed comparable anti-bacterial chemotherapeutic efficacy with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC = 2.0 ± 2.25 mg mL-1 and 2.5 ± 0.00 mg mL-1, respectively) against S. aureus bacterial strain in comparison with standard antibiotic penicillin (MIC = 2.2 ± 1.15 mg mL-1). Furthermore, among the synthesized derivatives, only compound 11c demonstrated better anti-bacterial activity (MIC = 10 ± 0.40 mg mL-1) against E. coli, which was slightly less than the standard antibiotic i.e., penicillin (MIC = 2.4 ± 1.00 mg mL-1). The compound 11c demonstrated a better binding score (-7.08 kcal mol-1) than ascorbic acid (-5.59 kcal mol-1) and kojic acid (-5.78 kcal mol-1). Molecular docking studies also validate the in vitro anti-tyrosinase assay results; therefore, the molecule 11c can be the lead bacterial tyrosinase inhibitor as well as the antibacterial agent against both types of bacterial strains after suitable structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawwad Saif
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Hina Tabassum
- London Metropolitan University 166-220 Holloway Road London N7 8DB UK
| | - Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Shah Faisal
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar Peshawar 25120 Pakistan
| | - Rabia Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Samreen Gul Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Usman Nazeer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Ali Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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11
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Amin N, Singh VK, Kannaujiya VK. Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids as a Potential Inhibitor of Tyrosinase-Related Protein 1: Computational Screening, Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01153-2. [PMID: 38652428 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Melanin is the major pigment responsible for the coloring of mammalian skin, hair, and eyes to defend against ultraviolet radiation. However, excessive melanin production has resulted in numerous types of hyperpigmentation disorders. Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein enzyme found in many organisms, including humans, that plays an important role in melanogenesis. Thus, controlling the enzyme activity of TYRP1 with tyrosinase inhibitors is a vital step in the treatment of hyperpigmentation problems in humans. In the present investigation, virtual screening, pharmacokinetics, drug docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were used to find the most potent drug as an inhibitor of TYRP1 to effectively treat hyperpigmentation disorder. The 3D structure of TYRP1 was retrieved from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) database (PDB ID: 5M8M) and validated by the Ramachandran plot. Pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness showed that mycosporine 2 glycine (M2G) and shinorine (SHI) were the best compounds over other ligands in the same (P-1) structural pose. However, MD simulations of the M2G showed the highest CDOCKER interaction energy (-45.182 kcal/mol) and binding affinity (-65.0529 kcal/mol) as compared to SHI and reference drugs. The molecular binding modes RMSD and RMSF plots have exhibited more relevance to the M2G ligand in comparison to other drug ligands. The bioactivity and ligand efficiency profiles revealed that M2G is the most effective compound as a TYRP1 inhibitor. Thus, M2G could be used as a most effective drug for developing valuable sunscreen products to cure hyperpigmentation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Amin
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vinay K Singh
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Kannaujiya
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Lazinski LM, Beaumet M, Roulier B, Gay R, Royal G, Maresca M, Haudecoeur R. Design and synthesis of 4-amino-2',4'-dihydroxyindanone derivatives as potent inhibitors of tyrosinase and melanin biosynthesis in human melanoma cells. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116165. [PMID: 38262119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Melanogenesis inhibition constitutes a privileged therapeutic solution to treat skin hyperpigmentation, a major dermatological concern associated with the overproduction of melanin by human tyrosinase (hsTYR). Despite the existence of many well-known TYR (tyrosinase) inhibitors commercialized in skin formulations, their hsTYR-inhibition efficacy remains poor since most of them were investigated over mushroom tyrosinase (abTYR), a model with low homology relative to hsTYR. Considering the need for new potent hsTYR inhibitors, we designed and synthesized a series of indanones starting from 4-hydroxy compound 1a, one of the two most active derivatives reported to date against the human enzyme, together with marketed thiamidol. We observed that analogues featuring 4-amino and 4-amido-2',4'-dihydroxyindanone motifs showed two-to ten-fold increase in activity over human melanoma MNT-1 cell lysates, and a ten-fold improvement in a 4-days whole-cell experiment, compared to parent analogue 1a. Molecular docking investigation was performed for the most promising 4-amido derivatives and suggested a plausible interaction pattern with the second coordination sphere of hsTYR, notably through hydrogen bonding with Glu203, confirming their impact in the binding mode with hsTYR active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia M Lazinski
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000, Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Morane Beaumet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Brayan Roulier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Rémy Gay
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Guy Royal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013, Marseille, France
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Silva RMGD, Do Nascimento Pereira I, Camargo Zibordi L, Pereira Rosatto PA, Oliveira Granero F, Malaguti Figueiredo CC, Leopoldo Constantino CJ, da Silva Martin C, Eloizo Job A, Nicolau-Junior N, Pereira Silva L. Cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antiglycation activities, and tyrosinase inhibition using silver nanoparticles synthesized by leaf extract of Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:57-76. [PMID: 37929327 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2275691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the biological properties of an extract of Solanum aculeatissimum aqueous extract (SaCE) alone as well as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) generated by green synthesis utilizing S. aculeatissimum aqueous extract (SaCE). These synthesized SaCE AgNPs were characterized using UV-VIS spectrophotometry, scanning transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), zeta potential (ZP), dynamic light scattering (DLS). Determination of total polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins content was conducted. In addition, high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was employed to identify constituents in this extract. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging and ferric ion reducing power (FRAP) methods. Antiglycation activity was demonstrated through relative mobility in electrophoresis (RME) and determination of free amino groups. The inhibitory activity on tyrosinase was also examined. Molecular docking analyses were performed to assess the molecular interactions with DNA and tyrosinase. The antitumor activity SaCE was also measured. Phytochemical analysis of SaCE and AgNPs showed presence polyphenols (1000.41 and 293.37 mg gallic acid equivalent/g), flavonoids (954.87 and 479.87 mg rutin equivalent/g), saponins (37.89 and 23.01% total saponins), in particular steroidal saponins (aculeatiside A and B). Both SaCE and AgNPs exhibited significant antioxidant (respectively, 73.97%, 56.27% in DPPH test, 874.67 and 837.67 μM Trolox Equivalent/g in FRAP test) and antiglycation activities (72.81 and 67.98% free amino groups, results observed in RME). SaCE and AgNPs presented 33.2, 36.1% inhibitory activity on tyrosinase, respectively. In silico assay demonstrated interaction between steroidal saponins, DNA or tyrosinase. SaCE exhibited antitumor action against various human tumor cells. Data demonstrated that extracts SaCE alone and AgNPs synthesized from SaCE presented biological properties of interest for application in new therapeutic formulations in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regildo Márcio Gonçalves da Silva
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Phytotherapic and Natural Products, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabelly Do Nascimento Pereira
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Phytotherapic and Natural Products, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Camargo Zibordi
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Phytotherapic and Natural Products, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Pereira Rosatto
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Phytotherapic and Natural Products, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos José Leopoldo Constantino
- School of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cibely da Silva Martin
- School of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldo Eloizo Job
- School of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilson Nicolau-Junior
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Pham TN, Cazier EA, Gormally E, Lawrence P. Valorization of biomass polyphenols as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103843. [PMID: 38000718 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinases (TYRs; EC 1.14.18.1) catalyze two sequential oxidative reactions of the melanin biosynthesis pathway and play an important role in mammalian pigmentation and enzymatic browning of fruit and vegetables. Inhibition of TYR activity is therefore an attractive target for new drugs and/or food ingredients. In addition, increasing evidence suggests that TYR regulation could be a novel target for treatments of cancer and Parkinson's disease. Biomasses, notably industrial byproducts and biowaste, are good sustainable sources of phytochemicals that may be valorized into bioactive compounds including TYR inhibitors. This review presents potential applications of biomass-derived polyphenols targeting TYR inhibition. Insights into structure-activity relationships of several polyphenols and their glycosides are highlighted. Finally, some remarks and perspectives on research into new TYR inhibitors from biomass waste are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Nhat Pham
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France.
| | - Elisabeth A Cazier
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France; Nantes Université, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR 6144, F-44600 Saint-Nazaire, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gormally
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France
| | - Philip Lawrence
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France
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Mastrangelo R, Okada T, Ogura T, Ogura T, Baglioni P. Direct observation of the effects of chemical fixation in MNT-1 cells: A SE-ADM and Raman study. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308088120. [PMID: 38091295 PMCID: PMC10743460 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308088120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehydes fixation was accidentally discovered in the early 20th century and soon became a widely adopted practice in the histological field, due to an excellent staining enhancement in tissues imaging. However, the fixation process itself entails cell proteins denaturation and crosslinking. The possible presence of artifacts, that depends on the specific system under observation, must therefore be considered to avoid data misinterpretation. This contribution takes advantage of scanning electron assisted-dielectric microscopy (SE-ADM) and Raman 2D imaging to reveal the possible presence and the nature of artifacts in unstained, and paraformldehyde, PFA, fixed MNT-1 cells. The high resolution of the innovative SE-ADM technique allowed the identification of globular protein clusters in the cell cytoplasm, formed after protein denaturation and crosslinking. Concurrently, SE-ADM images showed a preferential melanosome adsorption on the cluster's outer surface. The micron-sized aggregates were discernible in Raman 2D images, as the melanosomes signal, extracted through 2D principal component analysis, unequivocally mapped their location and distribution within the cells, appearing randomly distributed in the cytoplasm. Protein clusters were not observed in living MNT-1 cells. In this case, mature melanosomes accumulate preferentially at the cell periphery and are more closely packed than in fixed cells. Our results show that, although PFA does not affect the melanin structure, it disrupts melanosome distribution within the cells. Proteins secondary structure, conversely, is partially lost, as shown by the Raman signals related to α-helix, β-sheets, and specific amino acids that significantly decrease after the PFA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Mastrangelo
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba305-8566, Japan
- NIKKOL GROUP Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd., Tokyo174-0046, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (Center for Colloid and Surface Science), University of Florence, FlorenceI-50019, Italy
| | - Tomoko Okada
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba305-8566, Japan
| | - Taku Ogura
- NIKKOL GROUP Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd., Tokyo174-0046, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ogura
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba305-8566, Japan
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry and Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (Center for Colloid and Surface Science), University of Florence, FlorenceI-50019, Italy
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16
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Kambe T, Wagatsuma T. Metalation and activation of Zn 2+ enzymes via early secretory pathway-resident ZNT proteins. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:041302. [PMID: 38510844 PMCID: PMC10903440 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn2+), an essential trace element, binds to various proteins, including enzymes, transcription factors, channels, and signaling molecules and their receptors, to regulate their activities in a wide range of physiological functions. Zn2+ proteome analyses have indicated that approximately 10% of the proteins encoded by the human genome have potential Zn2+ binding sites. Zn2+ binding to the functional site of a protein (for enzymes, the active site) is termed Zn2+ metalation. In eukaryotic cells, approximately one-third of proteins are targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum; therefore, a considerable number of proteins mature by Zn2+ metalation in the early secretory pathway compartments. Failure to capture Zn2+ in these compartments results in not only the inactivation of enzymes (apo-Zn2+ enzymes), but also their elimination via degradation. This process deserves attention because many Zn2+ enzymes that mature during the secretory process are associated with disease pathogenesis. However, how Zn2+ is mobilized via Zn2+ transporters, particularly ZNTs, and incorporated in enzymes has not been fully elucidated from the cellular perspective and much less from the biophysical perspective. This review focuses on Zn2+ enzymes that are activated by Zn2+ metalation via Zn2+ transporters during the secretory process. Further, we describe the importance of Zn2+ metalation from the physiopathological perspective, helping to reveal the importance of understanding Zn2+ enzymes from a biophysical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takumi Wagatsuma
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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17
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Ricci F, Schira K, Khettabi L, Lombardo L, Mirabile S, Gitto R, Soler-Lopez M, Scheuermann J, Wolber G, De Luca L. Computational methods to analyze and predict the binding mode of inhibitors targeting both human and mushroom tyrosinase. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115771. [PMID: 37657271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme critical in melanin biosynthesis, is a key drug target for hyperpigmentation and melanoma in humans. Testing the inhibitory effects of compounds using tyrosinase from Agaricus bisporus (AbTYR) has been a common practice to identify potential therapeutics from synthetic and natural sources. However, structural diversity among human tyrosinase (hTYR) and AbTYR presents a challenge in developing drugs that are therapeutically effective. In this study, we combined retrospective and computational analyses with experimental data to provide insights into the development of new inhibitors targeting both hTYR and AbTYR. We observed contrasting effects of Thiamidol™ and our 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl-derivative (6) on both enzymes; based on this finding, we aimed to investigate their binding modes in hTYR and AbTYR to identify residues that significantly improve affinity. All the information led to the discovery of compound [4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl](2-methoxyphenyl)methanone (MehT-3, 7), which showed comparable activity on AbTYR (IC50 = 3.52 μM) and hTYR (IC50 = 5.4 μM). Based on these achievements we propose the exploitation of our computational results to provide relevant structural information for the development of newer dual-targeting molecules, which could be preliminarily tested on AbTYR as a rapid and inexpensive screening procedure before being tested on hTYR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ricci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. D'Alcontres 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Kristina Schira
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lyna Khettabi
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Lisa Lombardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. D'Alcontres 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mirabile
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. D'Alcontres 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. D'Alcontres 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Montserrat Soler-Lopez
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jörg Scheuermann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Molecular Design Lab, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luisestr. 2 + 4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. D'Alcontres 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy.
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Beaumet M, Lazinski LM, Maresca M, Haudecoeur R. Catechol-mimicking transition-state analogues as non-oxidizable inhibitors of tyrosinases. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115672. [PMID: 37487307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinases are copper-containing metalloenzymes involved in several processes in both mammals, insects, bacteria, fungi and plants. Their phenol oxidation properties are especially responsible for human melanogenesis, potentially leading to abnormal pigmentation, and for postharvest vegetable tissue browning. Thus, targeting tyrosinases attracts interest for applications both in dermocosmetic and agrofood fields. However, a large part of the literature about tyrosinase inhibitors is dedicated to the report of copper-interacting phenolic compounds, that are more likely alternative substrates leading to undesirable toxic quinones production. To circumvent this issue, the use of catechol-mimicking copper-chelating groups that are analogues of the tyrosinase oxidation transition state appears as a valuable strategy. Relying on several non-oxidizable pyridinone, pyrone or tropolone moieties, innovative inhibitors were developed, especially within the past decade, and the best reported analogues reached IC50 values in the nanomolar range. Herein, we review the design, the activity against several tyrosinases, and the proposed binding modes of reported catechol-mimicking, non-oxidizable molecules, in light of recent structural data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morane Beaumet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS 5063, DPM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013, Marseille, France
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19
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Zhang W, Jin M, Lu Z, Li T, Wang H, Yuan Z, Wei C. Whole Genome Resequencing Reveals Selection Signals Related to Wool Color in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3265. [PMID: 37893989 PMCID: PMC10603731 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wool color is controlled by a variety of genes. Although the gene regulation of some wool colors has been studied in relative depth, there may still be unknown genetic variants and control genes for some colors or different breeds of wool that need to be identified and recognized by whole genome resequencing. Therefore, we used whole genome resequencing data to compare and analyze sheep populations of different breeds by population differentiation index and nucleotide diversity ratios (Fst and θπ ratio) as well as extended haplotype purity between populations (XP-EHH) to reveal selection signals related to wool coloration in sheep. Screening in the non-white wool color group (G1 vs. G2) yielded 365 candidate genes, among which PDE4B, GMDS, GATA1, RCOR1, MAPK4, SLC36A1, and PPP3CA were associated with the formation of non-white wool; an enrichment analysis of the candidate genes yielded 21 significant GO terms and 49 significant KEGG pathways (p < 0.05), among which 17 GO terms and 21 KEGG pathways were associated with the formation of non-white wool. Screening in the white wool color group (G2 vs. G1) yielded 214 candidate genes, including ABCD4, VSX2, ITCH, NNT, POLA1, IGF1R, HOXA10, and DAO, which were associated with the formation of white wool; an enrichment analysis of the candidate genes revealed 9 significant GO-enriched pathways and 19 significant KEGG pathways (p < 0.05), including 5 GO terms and 12 KEGG pathways associated with the formation of white wool. In addition to furthering our understanding of wool color genetics, this research is important for breeding purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (W.Z.); (M.J.); (T.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Meilin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (W.Z.); (M.J.); (T.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Zengkui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China;
| | - Taotao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (W.Z.); (M.J.); (T.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Huihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (W.Z.); (M.J.); (T.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Zehu Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Caihong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (W.Z.); (M.J.); (T.L.); (H.W.)
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20
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Peterson SM, Watowich MM, Renner LM, Martin S, Offenberg E, Lea A, Montague MJ, Higham JP, Snyder-Mackler N, Neuringer M, Ferguson B. Genetic variants in melanogenesis proteins TYRP1 and TYR are associated with the golden rhesus macaque phenotype. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad168. [PMID: 37522525 PMCID: PMC10542561 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are vital translational research models due to their high genetic, physiological, and anatomical homology with humans. The "golden" rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) phenotype is a naturally occurring, inherited trait with a visually distinct pigmentation pattern resulting in light blonde colored fur. Retinal imaging also reveals consistent hypopigmentation and occasional foveal hypoplasia. Here, we describe the use of genome-wide association in 2 distinct NHP populations to identify candidate variants in genes linked to the golden phenotype. Two missense variants were identified in the Tyrosinase-related protein 1 gene (Asp343Gly and Leu415Pro) that segregate with the phenotype. An additional and distinct association was also found with a Tyrosinase variant (His256Gln), indicating the light-colored fur phenotype can result from multiple genetic mechanisms. The implicated genes are related through their contribution to the melanogenesis pathway. Variants in these 2 genes are known to cause pigmentation phenotypes in other species and to be associated with oculocutaneous albinism in humans. The novel associations presented in this study will permit further investigations into the role these proteins and variants play in the melanogenesis pathway and model the effects of genetic hypopigmentation and altered melanogenesis in a naturally occurring nonhuman primate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Peterson
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Marina M Watowich
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Lauren M Renner
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Samantha Martin
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Emma Offenberg
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Amanda Lea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Michael J Montague
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James P Higham
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- School for Human Evolution & Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Martha Neuringer
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Betsy Ferguson
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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21
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Fekry M, Dave KK, Badgujar D, Hamnevik E, Aurelius O, Dobritzsch D, Danielson UH. The Crystal Structure of Tyrosinase from Verrucomicrobium spinosum Reveals It to Be an Atypical Bacterial Tyrosinase. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1360. [PMID: 37759761 PMCID: PMC10526336 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinases belong to the type-III copper enzyme family, which is involved in melanin production in a wide range of organisms. Despite similar overall characteristics and functions, their structures, activities, substrate specificities and regulation vary. The tyrosinase from the bacterium Verrucomicrobium spinosum (vsTyr) is produced as a pre-pro-enzyme in which a C-terminal extension serves as an inactivation domain. It does not require a caddie protein for copper ion incorporation, which makes it similar to eukaryotic tyrosinases. To gain an understanding of the catalytic machinery and regulation of vsTyr activity, we determined the structure of the catalytically active "core domain" of vsTyr by X-ray crystallography. The analysis showed that vsTyr is an atypical bacterial tyrosinase not only because it is independent of a caddie protein but also because it shows the highest structural (and sequence) similarity to plant-derived members of the type-III copper enzyme family and is more closely related to fungal tyrosinases regarding active site features. By modelling the structure of the pre-pro-enzyme using AlphaFold, we observed that Phe453, located in the C-terminal extension, is appropriately positioned to function as a "gatekeeper" residue. Our findings raise questions concerning the evolutionary origin of vsTyr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Fekry
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, SE 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.F.); (K.K.D.); (D.B.); (E.H.); (D.D.)
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Khyati K. Dave
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, SE 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.F.); (K.K.D.); (D.B.); (E.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Dilip Badgujar
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, SE 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.F.); (K.K.D.); (D.B.); (E.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Emil Hamnevik
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, SE 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.F.); (K.K.D.); (D.B.); (E.H.); (D.D.)
| | | | - Doreen Dobritzsch
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, SE 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.F.); (K.K.D.); (D.B.); (E.H.); (D.D.)
| | - U. Helena Danielson
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, SE 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.F.); (K.K.D.); (D.B.); (E.H.); (D.D.)
- Science for Life Laboratory, Drug Discovery & Development Platform, Uppsala University, SE 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Mahalapbutr P, Sabuakham S, Nasoontorn S, Rungrotmongkol T, Silsirivanit A, Suriya U. Discovery of amphotericin B, an antifungal drug as tyrosinase inhibitor with potent anti-melanogenic activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125587. [PMID: 37379954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase, a rate-limiting enzyme for melanin production, has been the most efficient target for the development of depigmenting agents. Although hydroquinone, kojic acid, and arbutin are the most well-known tyrosinase inhibitors, their adverse effects are inevitable. In the present study, an in silico drug repositioning combined with experimental validation was performed to search for novel potent tyrosinase inhibitors. Docking-based virtual screening results revealed that, among the 3210 FDA-approved drugs available in the ZINC database, amphotericin B, an antifungal drug exhibited the highest binding efficiency against human tyrosinase. Results from tyrosinase inhibition assay demonstrated that amphotericin B could inhibit the activity of mushroom and cellular tyrosinases, especially from MNT-1 human melanoma cells. Molecular modeling results revealed that amphotericin B/human tyrosinase complex exhibited high stability in an aqueous environment. Melanin assay results demonstrated that amphotericin B significantly suppressed melanin production in α-MSH-induced B16F10 murine melanoma and MNT-1 human melanoma cell lines better than the known inhibitor, kojic acid. Mechanistically, amphotericin B treatment significantly activated ERK and Akt signaling pathways, resulting in the decreased expression of MITF and tyrosinase. The obtained results may pursue pre-clinical and clinical studies to examine the possibility of using amphotericin B as an alternative treatment for hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Sahachai Sabuakham
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sutita Nasoontorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Atit Silsirivanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Utid Suriya
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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23
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Goenka S. Novel Hydrogenated Derivatives of Chemically Modified Curcumin CMC2.24 Are Potent Inhibitors of Melanogenesis in an In Vitro Model: Influence of Degree of Hydrogenation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1373. [PMID: 37374155 DOI: 10.3390/life13061373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemically modified curcumin, CMC2.24, is a promising therapeutic that has shown efficacy in ameliorating excessive pigmentation in our previous studies. However, its inherent disadvantages of color, stability, solubility, and cytotoxicity to melanocytes and keratinocytes at concentrations > 4 µg/mL posed challenges in its use in cosmetic formulations. To overcome these limitations, chemical reduction by hydrogenation of CMC2.24 (compound 1) was developed to yield products at different time points of hydrogenation (1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 24 h) referred to as partially (2, 3, 4) or fully hydrogenated (5) products, and the effects of the degree of hydrogenation on melanogenesis in vitro were explored. Compound 1 and products 2-5 were evaluated using mushroom tyrosinase activity assays with two substrates (L-tyrosine and L-DOPA), then cellular assays using B16F10 mouse melanoma cells, MNT-1 human melanoma cells, and physiological normal human melanocytes (HEMn-DP cells). The cytotoxicity, melanin contents, cellular tyrosinase activities, and cellular oxidative stress were evaluated. Moreover, the recovery of melanin contents in HEMn-DP cells was also studied. Our results provide novel insights into the role of the degree of hydrogenation of compound 1 on the biological effects of melanogenesis, which were dependent on cell type. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that in HEMn-DP cells, the anti-melanogenic efficacy of the yellow-colored CMC2.24 is retained as early as 1 h after its hydrogenation; this efficacy is enhanced with longer durations of hydrogenation, with a robust efficacy achieved for the 24 h hydrogenated product 5 at the lowest concentration of 4 µg/mL. A similar potency could be achieved for product 4 at higher concentrations, although interestingly, both differ only by a minor amount of dihydro-CMC2.24. Our results indicate promise for using products 4 & 5 as a skin-lightener in cosmetic formulations with the advantages of lack of color combined with a potency much greater than that of the parent compound 1 at lower concentrations and reversibility of the effects on melanocytes. This, along with the easy synthesis and scale-up of the hydrogenation method for CMC2.24 and the documented higher solubility, stability, and bioavailability of tetrahydrocurcumin, provides further impetus to incorporating these derivatives in cosmetic formulations. The results of this study can help to extend the therapeutic window of the lead compound CMC2.24 by providing options for selecting partially or fully hydrogenated derivatives for cosmetic applications where a trade-off between color and efficacy is needed. Thus, the degree of hydrogenation can be tuned for desired biological effects. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the efficacy of products 4 & 5 at suppressing pigmentation in 3D skin-tissue equivalents and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Goenka
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
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24
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Wagatsuma T, Suzuki E, Shiotsu M, Sogo A, Nishito Y, Ando H, Hashimoto H, Petris MJ, Kinoshita M, Kambe T. Pigmentation and TYRP1 expression are mediated by zinc through the early secretory pathway-resident ZNT proteins. Commun Biol 2023; 6:403. [PMID: 37072620 PMCID: PMC10113262 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2 (TYRP1 and TYRP2) are essential for pigmentation. They are generally classified as type-3 copper proteins, with binuclear copper active sites. Although there is experimental evidence for a copper cofactor in TYR, delivered via the copper transporter, ATP7A, the presence of copper in TYRP1 and TYRP2 has not been demonstrated. Here, we report that the expression and function of TYRP1 requires zinc, mediated by ZNT5-ZNT6 heterodimers (ZNT5-6) or ZNT7-ZNT7 homodimers (ZNT7). Loss of ZNT5-6 and ZNT7 function results in hypopigmentation in medaka fish and human melanoma cells, and is accompanied by immature melanosomes and reduced melanin content, as observed in TYRP1 dysfunction. The requirement of ZNT5-6 and ZNT7 for TYRP1 expression is conserved in human, mouse, and chicken orthologs. Our results provide novel insights into the pigmentation process and address questions regarding metalation in tyrosinase protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Wagatsuma
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Eisuke Suzuki
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Miku Shiotsu
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akiko Sogo
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yukina Nishito
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideya Ando
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hashimoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Michael J Petris
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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25
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Mahendra CK, Ser HL, Abidin SAZ, Khan SU, Pusparajah P, Htar TT, Chuah LH, Tang SY, Ming LC, Goh KW, Kumari Y, Goh BH. The anti-melanogenic properties of Swietenia macrophylla king. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114659. [PMID: 37068335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fair flawless skin is the goal for some cultures and the development of irregular skin pigmentation is considered an indication of premature skin aging. Hence, there is a rising demand for skin whitening cosmetics. Thus, this research will be focusing on discovering the anti-pigmentation properties of Swietenia macrophylla seeds. Firstly, the seeds were extracted with ethanol and further fractionate based on their polarity before testing them on zebrafish embryos. The ethanolic extract of the seed demonstrated significant inhibition of both tyrosinase activity and melanin production in the embryos. However, after fractionation, the anti-melanogenic ability was observed to have decreased, signifying that the phytocompounds may be synergistic in nature. Still in the proteomic studies the ethanolic extract and its hexane fraction both induced the downregulation of cathepsin LB and cytoskeletal proteins that have connections to the melanogenic pathway, confirming that S. macrophylla seeds do indeed have anti-pigmentation properties that can be exploited for cosmetic use. Next, limonoids (tetranortriterpenoids found in the seed) were tested for their inhibitory effect against human tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP-1) via molecular docking. It was found that limonoids have a stronger binding affinity to TYRP-1 than kojic acid, suggesting that these phytocompounds may have the potential in inhibiting pigmentation. However, this still needs further confirmation before these phytocompounds can be developed into a skin whitening agent. Other assays like ex-vivo or 3D human skin culture can also be used to better study the seeds anti-pigmentation effect on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Keisha Mahendra
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hooi-Leng Ser
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) Platform, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Shafi Ullah Khan
- Product & Process Innovation Department, Qarshi Brands (Pvt) Ltd, Hattar Industrial Estate, 22610, Haripur, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Medical Health and Translational Research Group, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Thet Thet Htar
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siah Ying Tang
- Advanced Engineering Platform, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neurological Disorder and Aging Research Group (NDA), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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26
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Shojazadeh T, Zolghadr L, JafarKhani S, Gharaghani S, Farasat A, Piri H, Gheibi N. Biomolecular interactions and binding dynamics of inhibitor arachidonic acid, with tyrosinase enzyme. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:1378-1387. [PMID: 34974821 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation is a disorder caused by increased melanin deposition and changes in skin pigmentation. Inhibition of tyrosinase activity contributes to the control of food browning and skin pigmentation diseases. The effects of arachidonic acid (AA) on tyrosinase activity were examined using different spectroscopy methods including UV-VIS spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) differential scanning calorimetry, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Based on the kinetic results, arachidonic acid showed mixed-type of inhibition with Ki = 4.7 µM. Fluorescence and CD studies showed changes of secondary and tertiary structures of enzyme and a reduction of α-helix* amino acids after its incubation with different concentrations of AA, which is also confirmed by DSSP analysis. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies showed a decrease in thermodynamic stability of enzyme from Tm = 338.65k for sole enzyme after incubation with AA in comparison with complex enzyme with Tm= 334.26k, ΔH =7.52 kJ/mol, and ΔS = 0.15 kJ/mol k. Based on the theoretical methods, it was found that the interaction between enzyme and AA follows an electrostatic manner with ΔG = -8.314 kJ/mol and ΔH = -12.9 kJ/mol. The MD results showed the lowest flexibility in the complex amino acids and minimal fluctuations in AA interaction with tyrosinase in Residue 240 to 260 and 66 to 80. Thus, AA inhibitory and structural and thermodynamic instability of tyrosinase supported advantages of this fatty acid for prevention of medical hyperpigmentation. Therefore, it is a good candidate for cosmetic applications. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Shojazadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetic, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Leila Zolghadr
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Saeed JafarKhani
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Gharaghani
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Drug Design, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Farasat
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hossein Piri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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27
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Buitrago E, Faure C, Carotti M, Bergantino E, Hardré R, Maresca M, Philouze C, Vanthuyne N, Boumendjel A, Bubacco L, du Moulinet d'Hardemare A, Jamet H, Réglier M, Belle C. Exploiting HOPNO-dicopper center interaction to development of inhibitors for human tyrosinase. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115090. [PMID: 36634457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In human, Tyrosinase enzyme (TyH) is involved in the key steps of protective pigments biosynthesis (in skin, eyes and hair). The use of molecules targeting its binuclear copper active site represents a relevant strategy to regulate TyH activities. In this work, we targeted 2-Hydroxypyridine-N-oxide analogs (HOPNO, an established chelating group for the tyrosinase dicopper active site) with the aim to combine effects induced by combination with a reference inhibitor (kojic acid) or natural substrate (tyrosine). The HOPNO-MeOH (3) and the racemic amino acid HOPNO-AA compounds (11) were tested on purified tyrosinases from different sources (fungal, bacterial and human) for comparison purposes. Both compounds have more potent inhibitory activities than the parent HOPNO moiety and display strictly competitive inhibition constant, in particular with human tyrosinase. Furthermore, 11 appears to be the most active on the B16-F1 mammal melanoma cells. The investigations were completed by stereospecificity analysis. Racemic mixture of the fully protected amino acid 10 was separated by chiral HPLC into the corresponding enantiomers. Assignment of the absolute configuration of the deprotected compounds was completed, based on X-ray crystallography. The inhibition activities on melanin production were tested on lysates and whole human melanoma MNT-1 cells. Results showed significant enhancement of the inhibitory effects for the (S) enantiomer compared to the (R) enantiomer. Computational studies led to an explanation of this difference of activity based for both enantiomers on the respective position of the amino acid group versus the HOPNO plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Buitrago
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5250, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France; University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5063, DPM CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Clarisse Faure
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5250, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Marcello Carotti
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bergantino
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Renaud Hardré
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Philouze
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5250, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5063, DPM CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Hélène Jamet
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5250, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Marius Réglier
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Belle
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5250, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France.
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28
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Choi MH, Yang SH, Kim DS, Kim ND, Shin HJ. Ethyl Gallate Isolated from Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii Branches Inhibits Melanogenesis and Promotes Autophagy in B16F10 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020269. [PMID: 36829827 PMCID: PMC9952331 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii (CCS) plant grows predominantly in temperate regions of Asian countries, such as South Korea. Research on CCS has so far concentrated on the nutritional analysis, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammation properties of its branches. However, the isolation of compounds and structural elucidation of effective single molecules remain unexplored, necessitating further exploration of CCS branches. Therefore, this study demonstrates the antioxidant and antimelanogenic activity of a single substance of ethyl gallate (EG) isolated from CCS branch extracts. Notably, the antimelanogenic (whitening) activity of EG extracted from CCS branches remains unexplored. Tyrosinase inhibition, kinetic enzyme assays, and molecular docking studies were conducted using mushroom tyrosinase in order to examine the antioxidant mechanism and antimelanin activity of EG in B16F10 melanoma cells. Nontoxic EG concentrations were found to be below 5 µg/mL. While EG significantly reduced the levels of whitening-associated proteins, p-CREB, and p-PKA, it dose-dependently inhibited the expression of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and transcription factor (MITF). In addition, EG downregulated melanogenetic gene expression and activated autophagy signals. Therefore, EG extracted from CCS branches could serve as a novel functional cosmetic material with antimelanogenic and autophagy-enhancing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Hee Choi
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetology, Graduate School of Industrial Technology and Entrepreneurship, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Song Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Doo Kim
- VORONOI BIO Inc., Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetology, Graduate School of Industrial Technology and Entrepreneurship, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-7518
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29
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Mahalapbutr P, Nuramrum N, Rungrotmongkol T, Kongtaworn N, Sabuakham S. Structural dynamics and susceptibility of isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol (Thiamidol TM) against human and mushroom tyrosinases. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11810-11817. [PMID: 36644799 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2167001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase, a key enzyme catalyzing a rate-limiting step of the melanin production, has been the most promising target for suppressing hyperpigmentation. Although a number of tyrosinase inhibitors have been developed, most of those lack clinical efficacy as they were identified from using mushroom tyrosinase (mTyr) as the target. Previous study revealed that the inhibitory effect of isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol (ThiamidolTM) on human tyrosinase (hTyr) is ∼100 times higher than that on mTyr. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the structural dynamics and susceptibility of ThiamidolTM against hTyr and mTyr at the atomic level using molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and free energy calculation based on the molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area method. The obtained results revealed that the resorcinol moiety of ThiamidolTM was found to be embedded in the catalytic copper center, interacting with H180, H202, H211, F386, and H390 residues of hTyr as well as with F264 residue of mTyr, mostly through van der Waals interactions. However, the number of destabilizing residues was found to be more pronounced in the ThiamidolTM/mTyr complex than the ThiamidolTM/hTyr system, supported by the lower binding affinity of ThiamidolTM/mTyr complex as well as the higher water accessibility and the lower number of atomic contacts at the active site of mTyr. Altogether, the structural and energetic information from this work would be useful for further optimization of more potent human tyrosinase inhibitors based on ThiamidolTM scaffold.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Napat Nuramrum
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napat Kongtaworn
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sahachai Sabuakham
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Roulier B, Rush I, Lazinski LM, Pérès B, Olleik H, Royal G, Fishman A, Maresca M, Haudecoeur R. Resorcinol-based hemiindigoid derivatives as human tyrosinase inhibitors and melanogenesis suppressors in human melanoma cells. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114972. [PMID: 36462443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human tyrosinase (hsTYR) catalyzes the key steps of melanogenesis, making it a privileged target for reducing melanin production in vivo. However, very few hsTYR inhibitors have been reported so far in the literature, whereas thousands of mushroom tyrosinase (abTYR) inhibitors are known. Yet, as these enzymes are actually very different, including at their active sites, there is an urgent need for new true hsTYR inhibitors in order to enable human-directed pharmacological and dermocosmetic applications without encountering the inefficiency and toxicity issues currently triggered by kojic acid or hydroquinone. Starting from the two most active compounds reported to date, i.e. a 2-hydroxypyridine-embedded aurone and thiamidol, we combined herein key structural elements and developed new nanomolar hsTYR inhibitors with cell-based activity. From a complete series of thirty-eight synthesized derivatives, excellent inhibition values were obtained for two compounds in both human melanoma cell lysates and purified hsTYR assays, and a promising improvement was observed in whole cell experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brayan Roulier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS 5063, DPM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Inbal Rush
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Leticia M Lazinski
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS 5063, DPM, 38000, Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS 5250, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Basile Pérès
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS 5063, DPM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Hamza Olleik
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Guy Royal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS 5250, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Ayelet Fishman
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397, Marseille, France
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Puckett EE, Davis IS, Harper DC, Wakamatsu K, Battu G, Belant JL, Beyer DE, Carpenter C, Crupi AP, Davidson M, DePerno CS, Forman N, Fowler NL, Garshelis DL, Gould N, Gunther K, Haroldson M, Ito S, Kocka D, Lackey C, Leahy R, Lee-Roney C, Lewis T, Lutto A, McGowan K, Olfenbuttel C, Orlando M, Platt A, Pollard MD, Ramaker M, Reich H, Sajecki JL, Sell SK, Strules J, Thompson S, van Manen F, Whitman C, Williamson R, Winslow F, Kaelin CB, Marks MS, Barsh GS. Genetic architecture and evolution of color variation in American black bears. Curr Biol 2023; 33:86-97.e10. [PMID: 36528024 PMCID: PMC10039708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Color variation is a frequent evolutionary substrate for camouflage in small mammals, but the underlying genetics and evolutionary forces that drive color variation in natural populations of large mammals are mostly unexplained. The American black bear, Ursus americanus (U. americanus), exhibits a range of colors including the cinnamon morph, which has a similar color to the brown bear, U. arctos, and is found at high frequency in the American southwest. Reflectance and chemical melanin measurements showed little distinction between U. arctos and cinnamon U. americanus individuals. We used a genome-wide association for hair color as a quantitative trait in 151 U. americanus individuals and identified a single major locus (p < 10-13). Additional genomic and functional studies identified a missense alteration (R153C) in Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) that likely affects binding of the zinc cofactor, impairs protein localization, and results in decreased pigment production. Population genetic analyses and demographic modeling indicated that the R153C variant arose 9.36 kya in a southwestern population where it likely provided a selective advantage, spreading both northwards and eastwards by gene flow. A different TYRP1 allele, R114C, contributes to the characteristic brown color of U. arctos but is not fixed across the range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Puckett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | - Isis S Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Dawn C Harper
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Institute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Gopal Battu
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Jerrold L Belant
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Dean E Beyer
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Colin Carpenter
- West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, Beckley, WV 25801, USA
| | - Anthony P Crupi
- Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Douglas, Juneau, AK 99824, USA
| | - Maria Davidson
- The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70898, USA
| | - Christopher S DePerno
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7646, USA
| | - Nicholas Forman
- New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, NM 87507, USA
| | - Nicholas L Fowler
- Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Douglas, Juneau, AK 99824, USA
| | - David L Garshelis
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA; IUCN SSC Bear Specialist Group
| | - Nicholas Gould
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7646, USA
| | - Kerry Gunther
- National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190-0168, USA
| | - Mark Haroldson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Shosuke Ito
- Institute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - David Kocka
- Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources, Verona, VA 24482, USA
| | - Carl Lackey
- Nevada Department of Wildlife, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Ryan Leahy
- National Park Service, Yosemite National Park Wildlife Management, Yosemite, CA 95389, USA
| | - Caitlin Lee-Roney
- National Park Service, Yosemite National Park Wildlife Management, Yosemite, CA 95389, USA
| | - Tania Lewis
- National Park Service, Glacier Bay National Park, Gustavus, AK 99826, USA
| | - Ashley Lutto
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, AK 99669, USA
| | - Kelly McGowan
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Mike Orlando
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Tallahassee, FL 32399, USA
| | - Alexander Platt
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew D Pollard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Megan Ramaker
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | | | - Jaime L Sajecki
- Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources, Verona, VA 24482, USA
| | - Stephanie K Sell
- Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Douglas, Juneau, AK 99824, USA
| | - Jennifer Strules
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7646, USA
| | - Seth Thompson
- Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources, Verona, VA 24482, USA
| | - Frank van Manen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Craig Whitman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Ryan Williamson
- National Park Service, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Gatlinburg, TN 37738, USA
| | | | - Christopher B Kaelin
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gregory S Barsh
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA; Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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32
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Dolinska MB, Anderson DE, Sergeev YV. In vitro characterization of the intramelanosomal domain of human recombinant TYRP1 and its oculocutaneous albinism type 3-related mutant variants. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4518. [PMID: 36412553 PMCID: PMC9793978 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP1) is the most abundant melanosomal protein of the melanocyte, where plays an important role in the synthesis of eumelanin, possibly catalyzing the oxidation of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid to 5,6-quinone-2-carboxylic acid. Mutations to the TYRP1 gene can result in oculocutaneous albinism type 3 (OCA3), a rare disease characterized by reduced synthesis of melanin in skin, hair, and eyes. To investigate the effect of genetic mutations on the TYRP1 structure, function, and stability, we engineered the intramelanosomal domain of TYRP1 and its mutant variants mimicking either OCA3-related changes, C30R, H215Y, D308N, and R326H or R87G mutant variant, analogous to OCA1-related pathogenic effect in tyrosinase. Proteins were produced in Trichoplusia Ni larvae, then purified, and analyzed by biochemical methods. Data shows that D308N and R326H mutants keep the native conformations and demonstrate no change in their stability and enzymatic activity. In contrast, mutations C30R and R87G localized in the Cys-rich domain show the variants misfolding during the purification process. The H215Y variant disrupts the binding of Zn2+ in the active site and thus reduces the strength of the enzyme/substrate interactions. Our results, consistent with the clinical and in silico studies, show that mutations at the protein surface are expected to have a negligible phenotype change compared to that of TYRP1. For the mutations with severe phenotype changes, which were localized in the Cys-rich domain or the active site, we confirmed a complete or partial protein misfolding as the possible mechanism of protein malfunction caused by OCA3 inherited mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David E. Anderson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Yuri V. Sergeev
- National Eye InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
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Oyama T, Yoshimori A, Ogawa H, Shirai Y, Abe H, Kamiya T, Tanuma SI. The structural differences between mushroom and human tyrosinase cleared by investigating the inhibitory activities of stilbenes. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Tang YQ, Lim J, Gew L. Biocomputational-mediated screening and molecular docking platforms for discovery of coumarin-derived antimelanogenesis agents. DERMATOL SIN 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/ds.ds-d-22-00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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Osuna I, Dolinska MB, Sergeev YV. In Vitro Reconstitution of the Melanin Pathway's Catalytic Activities Using Tyrosinase Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:639. [PMID: 36614088 PMCID: PMC9820814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanogenesis pathway is characterized by a series of reactions catalyzed by key enzymes, such as tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TYRP2), and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), to produce melanin pigment. However, in vitro studies of the catalytic activity were incomplete because of a lack of commercially available enzyme substrates, such as dopachrome. Herein, human recombinant intra-melanosomal domains of key enzymes were produced in Trichoplusia ni (T. ni) larvae and then purified using a combination of chromatography techniques in catalytically active form. Using Michaelis-Menten kinetics, the diphenol oxidase activity of tyrosinase achieved the maximum production of native dopachrome at 10 min of incubation at 37 °C for TYR immobilized to magnetic beads (TYR-MB). The presence of dopachrome was confirmed spectrophotometrically at 475 nm through HPLC analysis and in the TYRP2-catalyzed reaction, yielding 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA). In the TYRP1-driven oxidation of DHICA, the formation of 5,6-indolequinone-2-carboxylic acid (IQCA) was confirmed at ~560 nm. This is the first in vitro reconstitution of the reactions from the melanogenic pathway based on intra-melanosomal domains. In the future, this approach could be used for quantitative in vitro analysis of the melanin pathway, biochemical effects associated with inherited disease-related mutations, and drug screens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuri V. Sergeev
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20891, USA
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Aly SH, Eldahshan OA, Al-Rashood ST, Binjubair FA, El Hassab MA, Eldehna WM, Dall’Acqua S, Zengin G. Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities Supported by In-Silico Study of n-Hexane Extract and Essential Oil of Guava Leaves. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248979. [PMID: 36558111 PMCID: PMC9781903 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Psidium guajava (Guava tree) is one of the most widely known species in the family Myrtaceae. The Guava tree has been reported for its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. In the current study, the chemical compositions of the n-hexane extract and the essential oil of P. guajava were investigated using the GC/MS analysis, along with an evaluation of their antioxidant potential, and an investigation into the enzyme inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BchE), tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. Moreover, molecular docking of the major identified active sites of the target enzymes were investigated. The chemical characterization of the n-hexane extract and essential oil revealed that squalene (9.76%), α-tocopherol (8.53%), and γ-sitosterol (3.90%) are the major compounds in the n-hexane extract. In contrast, the major constituents of the essential oil are D-limonene (36.68%) and viridiflorol (9.68%). The n-hexane extract showed more antioxidant potential in the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), the ferric reducing power (FRAP), and the metal chelating ability (MCA) assays, equivalent to 70.80 ± 1.46 mg TE/g, 26.01 ± 0.97 mg TE/g, and 24.83 ± 0.35 mg EDTAE/g, respectively. In the phosphomolybdenum (PM) assay, the essential oil showed more antioxidant activity equivalent to 2.58 ± 0.14 mmol TE/g. The essential oil demonstrated a potent BChE and tyrosinase inhibitory ability at 6.85 ± 0.03 mg GALAE/g and 61.70 ± 3.21 mg KAE/g, respectively. The α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the n-hexane extract and the essential oil varied from 0.52 to 1.49 mmol ACAE/g. Additionally, the molecular docking study revealed that the major compounds achieved acceptable binding scores upon docking with the tested enzymes. Consequently, the P. guajava n-hexane extract and oil can be used as a promising candidate for the development of novel treatment strategies for oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and diabetes mellitus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza H. Aly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Omayma A. Eldahshan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Center for Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Correspondence: (O.A.E.); (G.Z.)
| | - Sara T. Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faizah A. Binjubair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. El Hassab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), South Sinai 46612, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey
- Correspondence: (O.A.E.); (G.Z.)
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El-Kersh DM, Mostafa NM, Fayez S, Al-Warhi T, Abourehab MAS, Eldehna WM, Salem MA. GC-MS metabolites profiling of anethole-rich oils by different extraction techniques: antioxidant, cytotoxicity and in-silico enzymes inhibitory insights. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1974-1986. [PMID: 35850583 PMCID: PMC9302011 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2097445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
GC-MS profiling and metabolomics study of anise and star anise oils obtained by hydrodistillation, n-hexane, and microwave-assisted extraction methods were conducted herein. Trans-anethole was the major phenylpropanoid in both oils. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses revealed a clear separation of different extraction methods. Microwave-assisted star anise oil (MSA) revealed the highest anethole content (93.78%). MSA oil showed antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS assays, this was verified via an in-silico docking study of its major compounds on human tyrosinase and NAD(P)H oxidase. Trans-anethole displayed the best fitting scores (-8.9 and -10.1 Kcal/mole, respectively). MSA oil showed promising cytotoxic activity on different cell lines, mainly the cervical (HeLa) cell lines. Cell cycle inhibition at the G0-G1 phase was observed with an early apoptotic effect of the oil on HeLa cells. Trans-anethole achieved the best docking scores (-7.9, -9.3 and -9.9 Kcal/mole) for in-silico study on EGFR, CDK2 and CDK4 enzymes engaged in cancer, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M El-Kersh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada M Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Fayez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.,School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Salem
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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Ruckthong L, Pretzler M, Kampatsikas I, Rompel A. Biochemical characterization of Dimocarpus longan polyphenol oxidase provides insights into its catalytic efficiency. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20322. [PMID: 36434079 PMCID: PMC9700842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The "dragon-eye" fruits produced by the tropical longan tree are rich in nutrients and antioxidants. They suffer from post-harvest enzymatic browning, a process for which mainly the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) family of enzymes is responsible. In this study, two cDNAs encoding the PPO have been cloned from leaves of Dimocarpus longan (Dl), heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography. The prepro-DlPPO1 contains two signal peptides at its N-terminal end that facilitate transportation of the protein into the chloroplast stroma and to the thylakoid lumen. Removal of the two signal peptides from prepro-DlPPO1 yields pro-DlPPO1. The prepro-DlPPO1 exhibited higher thermal tolerance than pro-DlPPO1 (unfolding at 65 °C vs. 40 °C), suggesting that the signal peptide may stabilize the fold of DlPPO1. DlPPO1 can be classified as a tyrosinase because it accepts both monophenolic and diphenolic substrates. The pro-DlPPO1 exhibited the highest specificity towards the natural diphenol (-)-epicatechin (kcat/KM of 800 ± 120 s-1 mM-1), which is higher than for 4-methylcatechol (590 ± 99 s-1 mM-1), pyrogallol (70 ± 9.7 s-1 mM-1) and caffeic acid (4.3 ± 0.72 s-1 mM-1). The kinetic efficiencies of prepro-DlPPO1 are 23, 36, 1.7 and 4.7-fold lower, respectively, than those observed with pro-DlPPO1 for the four aforementioned diphenolic substrates. Additionally, docking studies showed that (-)-epicatechin has a lower binding energy than any other investigated substrate. Both kinetic and in-silico studies strongly suggest that (-)-epicatechin is a good substrate of DlPPO1 and ascertain the affinity of PPOs towards specific flavonoid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leela Ruckthong
- Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Wien, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Wien, Austria
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thung Kru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Matthias Pretzler
- Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Wien, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Wien, Austria
| | - Ioannis Kampatsikas
- Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Wien, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Wien, Austria
| | - Annette Rompel
- Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Wien, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Wien, Austria.
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39
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The retinal pigmentation pathway in human albinism: Not so black and white. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101091. [PMID: 35729001 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Albinism is a pigment disorder affecting eye, skin and/or hair. Patients usually have decreased melanin in affected tissues and suffer from severe visual abnormalities, including foveal hypoplasia and chiasmal misrouting. Combining our data with those of the literature, we propose a single functional genetic retinal signalling pathway that includes all 22 currently known human albinism disease genes. We hypothesise that defects affecting the genesis or function of different intra-cellular organelles, including melanosomes, cause syndromic forms of albinism (Hermansky-Pudlak (HPS) and Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS)). We put forward that specific melanosome impairments cause different forms of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA1-8). Further, we incorporate GPR143 that has been implicated in ocular albinism (OA1), characterised by a phenotype limited to the eye. Finally, we include the SLC38A8-associated disorder FHONDA that causes an even more restricted "albinism-related" ocular phenotype with foveal hypoplasia and chiasmal misrouting but without pigmentation defects. We propose the following retinal pigmentation pathway, with increasingly specific genetic and cellular defects causing an increasingly specific ocular phenotype: (HPS1-11/CHS: syndromic forms of albinism)-(OCA1-8: OCA)-(GPR143: OA1)-(SLC38A8: FHONDA). Beyond disease genes involvement, we also evaluate a range of (candidate) regulatory and signalling mechanisms affecting the activity of the pathway in retinal development, retinal pigmentation and albinism. We further suggest that the proposed pigmentation pathway is also involved in other retinal disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration. The hypotheses put forward in this report provide a framework for further systematic studies in albinism and melanin pigmentation disorders.
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Thuy PT, Quan PM, Duc DX, Son NT. The antioxidative potential of procyanidin B1: DFT (density functional theory) and docking approaches. J Mol Model 2022; 28:356. [PMID: 36222929 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Procyanidin B1 is one of the natural dimeric flavonoids. It has established a great role in antioxidative activity. In the current study, we wish to provide crucial information on its antioxidative action by the DFT computational and docking approaches. From point of thermodynamic view, at the M062X/6-311G(d,p) level, the HAT (hydrogen atom transfer) and SPL-ET (sequential proton loss-electron transfer) are principal antioxidative routes of this compound in gas and methanol, respectively. OH groups of two phenyl rings of this molecule are likely to be the best antiradical sites. In the kinetics of the interactions with HOO• radicals, OH groups of phenyl rings have also generated the best ΔG# (Gibbs free energy of activation) and rate constant K. The antioxidative action of procyanidin B1 is further confirmed by its chelation to metal ions, in which complex formation with Cu2+ having lower binding energy is more stable than complex formation with Zn2+. Docking study revealed that the antioxidative activity of procyanidin B1 involved human tyrosinase enzyme inhibition through interaction with essential residues, focusing on the OH groups of two phenyl rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Thi Thuy
- Faculty of Chemistry, College of Education, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan, Vinh, Nghean, Vietnam
| | - Pham Minh Quan
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dau Xuan Duc
- Faculty of Chemistry, College of Education, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan, Vinh, Nghean, Vietnam
| | - Ninh The Son
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Budama-Kilinc Y, Gok B, Kecel-Gunduz S, Altuntas E. Development of nanoformulation for hyperpigmentation disorders: experimental evaluations, in vitro efficacy and in silico molecular docking studies. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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42
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Amaral LM, Moniz T, Leite A, Oliveira A, Fernandes P, Ramos MJ, Araújo AN, Freitas M, Fernandes E, Rangel M. A combined experimental and computational study to discover novel tyrosinase inhibitors. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 234:111879. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nomilin from Yuzu Seed Has In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Downregulates Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells through the PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091636. [PMID: 36139710 PMCID: PMC9495840 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Yuzu (Citrus junos) is a citrus plant native to Asian countries, including Korea, Japan, and China. Yuzu peel and seed contain abundant vitamin C, citric acid, and polyphenols. Although the antioxidative and antimelanogenic activities of other citrus fruits and yuzu extract have been reported, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the limonoid aglycone contained in yuzu seed extract is unknown. We separated yuzu seeds into the husk, shell, and meal and evaluated antioxidant activity of each. The limonoid glucoside fraction of the husk identified nomilin, a novel tyrosinase inhibitor. We performed tyrosinase inhibitory activity and noncompetitive inhibition assays and docking studies to determine nomilin binding sites. Furthermore, we evaluated the antioxidative mechanism and antimelanogenic activity of nomilin in B16F10 melanoma cells. The concentration of nomilin that did not show toxicity was <100 µg/mL. Nomilin suppressed protein expression of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in a concentration-dependent manner. Nomilin significantly reduced the levels of p-CREB and p-PKA at the protein level and decreased the levels of skin-whitening-related factors MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 at the mRNA level in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, nomilin from yuzu seed husk can be used as a skin-whitening agent in cosmetics.
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Bezerra JN, Spadeto JPM, Daré JK, Almeida WP, Freitas MP, Cormanich RA. In Silico Interactions of the Components from the Schinus terebinthifolius Extract with Human Tyrosinase. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200109. [PMID: 35922385 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The anti-tyrosinase activity of the leaf extract of Schinus terebinthifolius, also known as Brazilian peppertree, was evaluated using multiple in silico approaches, such as molecular homology, molecular docking, MM-GBSA, molecular dynamics, MM-PBSA, QSAR, and skin permeability predictions. With these computational tools, the compounds that downregulate tyrosinase enzyme activity could be evaluated, and more potent molecules could be identified. The results indicated that various compounds, especially luteolin, are accountable for the anti-tyrosinase activity of S. terebinthifolius. For cosmetic application, further studies with luteolin are especially recommended, for having presented a good performance both in theoretical inhibition (30.92 kJ mol-1 ) and skin permeability (LogKp=-6.62 cm-1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N Bezerra
- University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Laboratory of Experimental and Theoretical Organic Chemistry, PO Box 6154, 270 Monteiro Lobato street, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Paulo M Spadeto
- University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Laboratory of Experimental and Theoretical Organic Chemistry, PO Box 6154, 270 Monteiro Lobato street, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joyce K Daré
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Campus da UFLA, Caixa-postal: 3037, 37200000, Lavras, MG, Brasil.,UFLA - Campus Universitario, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais
| | - Wanda Pereira Almeida
- University of Campinas, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 200 Cândido Portinari Street, 13083871, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus P Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Campus da UFLA, Caixa-postal: 3037, 37200000, Lavras, MG, Brasil.,UFLA - Campus Universitario, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais
| | - Rodrigo A Cormanich
- University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Laboratory of Experimental and Theoretical Organic Chemistry, PO Box 6154, 270 Monteiro Lobato street, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhong Z, Zhou Z, Chen J, Zhang J. Identification of 12 OCA Cases in Chinese Population and Two Novel Variants. Front Genet 2022; 13:926511. [PMID: 35923705 PMCID: PMC9340472 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.926511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OCA (oculocutaneous albinism) refers to a group of heterogeneous congenital disorders of which the common manifestations are variable degrees of cutaneous hypopigmentation and significant visual impairment, including poor visual acuity, photophobia, and nystagmus. Molecular analysis may elucidate its pathogenesis and be in favor of accurate diagnosis. High-throughput sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to detect mutational alleles and in silico analysis was performed for prediction of variant pathogenicity. Ten TYR-related and two OCA2-related patients were identified with 16 different variants with potential pathogenicity. Two novel missense variants [TYR: c.623T > G, p(Leu208Arg) and OCA2: c.1325A > G, p(Asn442Ser)] are identified in this study, and three OCA cases are reported for the first time in Chinese population based on their associated variants. Analysis of crystal structures of TYR ortholog and its paralog TYRP1 suggests that the substitution of Leu208 may have an impact on protein stability. This study may facilitate OCA diagnosis by expanding the mutational spectrum of TYR and OCA2 as well as further basic studies about these two genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Zhong
- Birth Defect Group, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Birth Defect Group, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianjun Chen, Jun Zhang,
| | - Jun Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell Translational Research Center of Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianjun Chen, Jun Zhang,
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Neuffer SJ, Beltran-Cardona D, Jimenez-Perez K, Clancey LF, Brown A, New L, Cooper CD. AP-3 complex delta subunit gene, ap3d1, regulates melanogenesis and melanophore survival via autophagy in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:495-505. [PMID: 35816398 PMCID: PMC9450952 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are an emerging model organism to study the syndromic albinism disorder, Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS), due to visible pigment development at 24 hours postfertilization, and conserved melanogenesis mechanisms. We describe crasher, a novel HPS type 10 (HPS10) zebrafish model, with a mutation in AP‐3 complex subunit delta gene, ap3d1. Exon 14 of ap3d1 is overexpressed in crasher mutants, while the expression of ap3d1 as a whole is reduced. ap3d1 knockout in *AB zebrafish recapitulates the mutant crasher phenotype. We show ap3d1 loss‐of‐function mutations cause significant expression changes in the melanogenesis genes, dopachrome tautomerase (dct) and tyrosinase‐related protein 1b (tyrp1b), but not tyrosinase (tyr). Last, Generally Applicable Gene‐set Enrichment (GAGE) analysis suggests autophagy pathway genes are upregulated together in crasher. Treatment with autophagy‐inhibitor, bafilomycin A1, significantly decreases melanophore number in crasher, suggesting ap3d1 promotes melanophore survival by limiting excessive autophagy. crasher is a valuable model to explore the regulation of melanogenesis gene expression and pigmentation disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam J Neuffer
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - David Beltran-Cardona
- College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Kevin Jimenez-Perez
- College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Lauren F Clancey
- College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Alexander Brown
- College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Leslie New
- College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA.,Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia D Cooper
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA.,College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA
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Ghani U. Azole inhibitors of mushroom and human tyrosinases: Current advances and prospects of drug development for melanogenic dermatological disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114525. [PMID: 35717871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Azoles are a famous and promising class of drugs for treatment of a range of ailments especially fungal infections. A wide variety of azole derivatives are also known to exhibit tyrosinase inhibition, some of which possess promising activity with potential for treatment of dermatological disorders such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, nevus, flecks, melasma, and melanoma. Recently, thiazolyl-resorcinol derivatives have demonstrated potent human tyrosinase inhibition with a safe and effective therapeutic profile for treatment of skin hyperpigmentation in humans, which are currently under clinical trials. If approved these derivatives would be the first azole drugs to be used for treatment of skin hyperpigmentation. Although the scientific literature has been witnessing general reviews on tyrosinase inhibitors to date, there is none that specifically and comprehensively discusses azole inhibitors of tyrosinase. Appreciating such potential of azoles, this focused review highlights a wide range of their derivatives with promising mushroom and human tyrosinase inhibitory activities and clinical potential for treatment of melanogenic dermatological disorders. Presently, these disorders have been treated with kojic acid, hydroquinone and other drugs, the design and development of which are based on their ability to inhibit mushroom tyrosinase. The active sites of mushroom and human tyrosinases carry structural differences which affect substrate or inhibitor binding. For this reason, kojic acid and other drugs pose efficacy and safety issues since they were originally developed using mushroom tyrosinase and have been clinically used on human tyrosinase. Design and development of tyrosinase inhibitors should be based on human tyrosinase, however, there are challenges in obtaining the human enzyme and understanding its structure and function. The review discusses these challenges that encompass structural and functional differences between mushroom and human tyrosinases and the manner in which they are inhibited. The review also gauges promising azole derivatives with potential for development of drugs against skin hyperpigmentation by analyzing and comparing their tyrosinase inhibitory activities against mushroom and human tyrosinases, computational data, and clinical profile where available. It aims to lay groundwork for development of new azole drugs for treatment of skin hyperpigmentation, melanoma, and related dermatological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ghani
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia.
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Discovery of a Multifunctional Octapeptide from Lingzhi with Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060684. [PMID: 35745603 PMCID: PMC9230030 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum or Lingzhi is a fungus species widely known as a traditional medicine. Exploring the beneficial peptides by hydrolysis using pepsin and trypsin has been extensively performed to identify new bioactive natural products. A multifunctional peptide that expresses potential scavenging activity and tyrosinase inhibition is valuable in therapeutic and cosmetic applications. This study aimed to identify and investigate the effects of a novel multifunctional peptide from Lingzhi on the melanogenic enzymes in melanoma cells by a targeted-proteomics approach. The multifunctional peptide was de novo sequenced by LC-MS/MS to be NH2-PVRSSNCA-CO2H (octapeptide). This sequence was chemically synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). The antioxidant ability of the synthesized octapeptide was measured by the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The results showed that the peptide exhibited an antioxidant activity equal to 0.121 ± 0.01 mg equivalent to ascorbic acid, 0.173 ± 0.03 mg equivalent to gallic acid, and 2.21 ± 0.23 mM equivalent to FeSO4, respectively, which is comparable to these well-known antioxidants. The proteomics approach identified a total of 5804 proteins and several pathways involved in the effects of the octapeptide in melanoma cells. Targeted proteomics revealed three specific proteins associated with pigmentation including Rab29, Dct, and Tyrp1. The Rab29 and Dct were upregulated whereas Tyrp1 was downregulated in the octapeptide treatment group. These findings could be used in the understanding of the molecular functions of the multifunctional octapeptide on melanogenic enzymes, supporting its potential as a therapeutic and cosmetic ingredient.
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Kumari A, kumar R, Sulabh G, Singh P, Kumar J, Singh VK, Ojha KK. In silico ADMET, molecular docking and molecular simulation-based study of glabridin’s natural and semisynthetic derivatives as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [PMCID: PMC9000003 DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyper-pigmentation conditions may develop due to erroneous melanogenesis cascade which leads to excess melanin production. Recently, inhibition of tyrosinase is the main focus of investigation as it majorly contributes to melanin production. This inhibition property can be exploited in medicine, agriculture, and in cosmetics. Present study aims to find a natural and safe alternative molecule as tyrosinase inhibitor. In this study, human tyrosinase enzyme was modelled due to unavailability of its crystal structure to look into the degree of efficacy of glabridin and its 15 derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitor. Docking was performed by Autodock Vina at the catalytic core enzyme. Glabridin effects on melanoma cell lines was also elucidated by analysing cytotoxicity and effect on melanin production. Computational ADME analysis was done by SwissADME. Molecular dynamic simulation was also performed to further evaluate the interaction profile of these molecules and kojic acid (positive inhibitor) with respect to apo protein. Notably, four derivatives 5′-formylglabridin, glabridin dimer, 5′-prenyl glabridin and R-glabridin exhibited better binding affinity than glabridin. Glabridin effectively inhibited melanin production in a dose dependent manner. Among these, 5′-formylglabridin displayed highest binding affinity with docking score − 9.2 kcal/mol. Molecular properties and bioactivity analysis by Molinspiration web server and by SwissADME also presented these molecules as potential drug candidates. The study explores the understanding for the development of suitable tyrosinase inhibitor/s for the prevention of hyperpigmentation. However, a detailed in vivo study is required for glabridin derivatives to suggest these molecules as anti-melanogenic compound.
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Krzemińska A, Kwiatos N, Arenhart Soares F, Steinbüchel A. Theoretical Studies of Cyanophycin Dipeptides as Inhibitors of Tyrosinases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063335. [PMID: 35328756 PMCID: PMC8950311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional structure of tyrosinase has been crystallized from many species but not from Homo sapiens. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, being an important target for melanoma and skin-whitening cosmetics. Several studies employed the structure of tyrosinase from Agaricus bisporus as a model enzyme. Recently, 98% of human genome proteins were elucidated by AlphaFold. Herein, the AlphaFold structure of human tyrosinase and the previous model were compared. Moreover, tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2 were included, along with inhibition studies employing kojic and cinnamic acids. Peptides are widely studied for their inhibitory activity of skin-related enzymes. Cyanophycin is an amino acid polymer produced by cyanobacteria and is built of aspartic acid and arginine; arginine can be also replaced by other amino acids. A new set of cyanophycin-derived dipeptides was evaluated as potential inhibitors. Aspartate–glutamate showed the strongest interaction and was chosen as a leading compound for future studies.
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