1
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Shen T, Pasqués-Gramage P, Villalvilla JM, Boj PG, Quintana JA, Zou Y, Han Y, Jiao L, Ren L, Díaz-García MA, Wu J. [4]Rhombene: Solution-Phase Synthesis and Application in Distributed Feedback Lasers With Emission Beyond 830 nm. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202410828. [PMID: 38981687 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202410828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Graphene-like molecules with multiple zigzag edges are emerging as promising gain materials for organic lasers. Their emission wavelengths can vary widely, ranging from visible to near-infrared (NIR), as the molecular size increases. Specifically, rhombus-shaped molecular graphenes with two pairs of parallel zigzag edges, known as [n]rhombenes, are excellent candidates for NIR lasers due to their small energy gaps. However, synthesizing large-size rhombenes with emission beyond 800 nm in solution remains a significant challenge. In this study, we present a straightforward synthesis of an aryl-substituted [4]rhombene derivative, [4]RB-Ar, using a method that combines intramolecular radical-radical coupling with Bi(OTf)3-mediated cyclization of vinyl ethers. The structure of [4]RB-Ar was confirmed through X-ray crystallographic analysis. Bond length analysis and theoretical calculations indicate that aromatic sextets are predominantly localized along the molecule's long axis. Significantly, [4]RB-Ar demonstrates narrow amplified spontaneous emission at around 834 nm when dispersed in polystyrene thin films. Moreover, solution-processed distributed feedback lasers employing [4]RB-Ar as the active gain material display tunable narrow emissions in the range of 830 to 844 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Shen
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350507, China
- Department of chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Pablo Pasqués-Gramage
- Departamento Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | - José M Villalvilla
- Departamento Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | - Pedro G Boj
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | - José A Quintana
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | - Ya Zou
- Department of chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Liuying Jiao
- Department of chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Longbin Ren
- Department of chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - María A Díaz-García
- Departamento Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | - Jishan Wu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350507, China
- Department of chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
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2
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Wahab A, Gershoni-Poranne R. COMPAS-3: a dataset of peri-condensed polybenzenoid hydrocarbons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15344-15357. [PMID: 38758092 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
We introduce the third installment of the COMPAS Project - a COMputational database of Polycyclic Aromatic Systems, focused on peri-condensed polybenzenoid hydrocarbons. In this installment, we develop two datasets containing the optimized ground-state structures and a selection of molecular properties of ∼39k and ∼9k peri-condensed polybenzenoid hydrocarbons (at the GFN2-xTB and CAM-B3LYP-D3BJ/cc-pvdz//CAM-B3LYP-D3BJ/def2-SVP levels, respectively). The manuscript details the enumeration and data generation processes and describes the information available within the datasets. An in-depth comparison between the two types of computation is performed, and it is found that the geometrical disagreement is maximal for slightly-distorted molecules. In addition, a data-driven analysis of the structure-property trends of peri-condensed PBHs is performed, highlighting the effect of the size of peri-condensed islands and linearly annulated rings on the HOMO-LUMO gap. The insights described herein are important for rational design of novel functional aromatic molecules for use in, e.g., organic electronics. The generated datasets provide a basis for additional data-driven machine- and deep-learning studies in chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wahab
- The Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Resnick Sustainability Center for Catalysis, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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3
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Zhu X, Chen Q, Zhao H, Yang Q, Goudappagouda, Gelléri M, Ritz S, Ng D, Koynov K, Parekh SH, Chetty VK, Thakur BK, Cremer C, Landfester K, Müllen K, Terenzio M, Bonn M, Narita A, Liu X. Intrinsic Burst-Blinking Nanographenes for Super-Resolution Bioimaging. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5195-5203. [PMID: 38275287 PMCID: PMC10910517 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a powerful technique to achieve super-resolution imaging beyond the diffraction limit. Although various types of blinking fluorophores are currently considered for SMLM, intrinsic blinking fluorophores remain rare at the single-molecule level. Here, we report the synthesis of nanographene-based intrinsic burst-blinking fluorophores for highly versatile SMLM. We image amyloid fibrils in air and in various pH solutions without any additive and lysosome dynamics in live mammalian cells under physiological conditions. In addition, the single-molecule labeling of nascent proteins in primary sensory neurons was achieved with azide-functionalized nanographenes via click chemistry. SMLM imaging reveals higher local translation at axonal branching with unprecedented detail, while the size of translation foci remained similar throughout the entire network. These various results demonstrate the potential of nanographene-based fluorophores to drastically expand the applicability of super-resolution imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfu Zhu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Qiang Chen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hao Zhao
- Organic
and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute
of Science and Technology Graduate University, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Qiqi Yang
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Goudappagouda
- Organic
and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute
of Science and Technology Graduate University, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Márton Gelléri
- Institute
of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandra Ritz
- Institute
of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - David Ng
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sapun H. Parekh
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Basant Kumar Thakur
- Department
of Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Cremer
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marco Terenzio
- Molecular
Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of
Science and Technology Graduate University, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Organic
and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute
of Science and Technology Graduate University, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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4
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Seenithurai S, Chai JD. Electronic Properties of Graphene Nano-Parallelograms: A Thermally Assisted Occupation DFT Computational Study. Molecules 2024; 29:349. [PMID: 38257262 PMCID: PMC11154290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this computational study, we investigate the electronic properties of zigzag graphene nano-parallelograms (GNPs), which are parallelogram-shaped graphene nanoribbons of various widths and lengths, using thermally assisted occupation density functional theory (TAO-DFT). Our calculations revealed a monotonic decrease in the singlet-triplet energy gap as the GNP length increased. The GNPs possessed singlet ground states for all the cases examined. With the increase of GNP length, the vertical ionization potential and fundamental gap decreased monotonically, while the vertical electron affinity increased monotonically. Some of the GNPs studied were found to possess fundamental gaps in the range of 1-3 eV, lying in the ideal region relevant to solar energy applications. Besides, as the GNP length increased, the symmetrized von Neumann entropy increased monotonically, denoting an increase in the degree of the multi-reference character associated with the ground state GNPs. The occupation numbers and real-space representation of active orbitals indicated that there was a transition from the nonradical nature of the shorter GNPs to the increasing polyradical nature of the longer GNPs. In addition, the edge/corner localization of the active orbitals was found for the wider and longer GNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonai Seenithurai
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Jeng-Da Chai
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
- Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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5
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Wang MW, Fan W, Li X, Liu Y, Li Z, Jiang W, Wu J, Wang Z. Molecular Carbons: How Far Can We Go? ACS NANO 2023; 17:20734-20752. [PMID: 37889626 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The creation and development of carbon nanomaterials promoted material science significantly. Bottom-up synthesis has emerged as an efficient strategy to synthesize atomically precise carbon nanomaterials, namely, molecular carbons, with various sizes and topologies. Different from the properties of the feasibly obtained mixture of carbon nanomaterials, numerous properties of single-component molecular carbons have been discovered owing to their well-defined structures as well as potential applications in various fields. This Perspective introduces recent advances in molecular carbons derived from fullerene, graphene, carbon nanotube, carbyne, graphyne, and Schwarzite carbon acquired with different synthesis strategies. By selecting a variety of representative examples, we elaborate on the relationship between molecular carbons and carbon nanomaterials. We hope these multiple points of view presented may facilitate further advancement in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zuoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Sharma PK, Babbar A, Mallick D, Das S. Constructing 1-Ethoxyphenanthro[9,10- e]acephenanthrylene for the Synthesis of a Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Containing a Formal Azulene Unit. J Org Chem 2023; 88:5473-5482. [PMID: 37040656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
peri-Acenoacenes are attractive synthetic targets, but their non-benzenoid isomeric counterparts were unnoticed. 1-Ethoxyphenanthro[9,10-e]acephenanthrylene 8 was synthesized and converted to azulene-embedded 9, which is a tribenzo-fused non-alternant isomeric motif of peri-anthracenoanthracene. Aromaticity and single-crystal analyses suggested a formal azulene core for 9, which showed a smaller highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap with a charge-transfer absorption band and brighter fluorescence than 8 (quantum yield (Φ): 9 = 41.8%, 8 = 8.9%). The reduction potentials of 8 and 9 were nearly identical, and the observations were further supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyank Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Akanksha Babbar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Dibyendu Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Soumyajit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
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7
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Xu X, Muñoz-Mármol R, Vasylevskyi S, Villa A, Folpini G, Scotognella F, Maria Paternò G, Narita A. Synthesis of Bioctacene-Incorporated Nanographene with Near-Infrared Chiroptical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218350. [PMID: 36727244 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a hexabenzoperihexacene (HBPH) with two incorporated octacene substructures, which was unambiguously characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The theoretical isomerization barrier of the (P,P)-/(P,M)-forms was estimated to be 38.4 kcal mol-1 , and resolution was achieved by chiral HPLC. Notably, the enantiomers exhibited opposite circular dichroism responses up to the near-infrared (NIR) region (830 nm) with a high gabs value of 0.017 at 616 nm. Moreover, HBPH demonstrated NIR emission with a maximum at 798 nm and an absolute PLQY of 41 %. The excited-state photophysical properties of HBPH were investigated by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, revealing an intriguing feature that was attributed to the rotational and/or conformational dynamics of HBPH after excitation. These results provide new insight into the design of chiral nanographene with NIR optical properties for potential chiroptical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Mármol
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Serhii Vasylevskyi
- Engineering Section, Research Support Division, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Andrea Villa
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Folpini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Paternò
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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8
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Closed-shell and open-shell dual nature of singlet diradical compounds. PURE APPL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2023-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Unlike triplet diradicals, singlet diradicals can vary in diradical character from 0 % to 100 % depending on linker units that allow two formally unpaired electrons to couple covalently. In principle, the electronic structure of singlet diradicals can be described as a quantum superposition of closed-shell and open-shell structures. This means that, depending on the external environment, singlet diradicals can behave as either closed-shell or open-shell species. This paper summarizes our progress in understanding the electronic structure of π-conjugated singlet diradical molecules in terms of closed-shell and open-shell dual nature. We first discuss the coexistence of intra- and intermolecular covalent bonding interactions in the π-dimer of a singlet diradical molecule. The intra- and intermolecular coupling of two formally unpaired electrons are related to closed-shell and open-shell nature of singlet diradical, respectively. Then we demonstrate the coexistence of the covalent bonding interactions in the one-dimensional stack of singlet diradical molecules having different diradical character. The relative strength of the interactions is varied with the magnitude of singlet diradical index y
0. Finally, we show the dual reactivity of a singlet diradical molecule, which undergoes rapid [4 + 2] and [4 + 4] cycloaddition reactions in the dark at room temperature. Closed-shell and open-shell nature endow the singlet diradical molecule with the reaction manner as diene and diradical species, respectively.
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9
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Izquierdo-García P, Fernández-García JM, Perles J, Fernández I, Martín N. Electronic Control of the Scholl Reaction: Selective Synthesis of Spiro vs Helical Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215655. [PMID: 36495528 PMCID: PMC10107473 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Scholl oxidation has become an essential reaction in the bottom-up synthesis of molecular nanographenes. Herein, we describe a Scholl reaction controlled by the electronic effects on the starting substrate (1 a, b). Anthracene-based polyphenylenes lead to spironanographenes under Scholl conditions. In contrast, an electron-deficient anthracene substrate affords a helically arranged molecular nanographene formed by two orthogonal dibenzo[fg,ij]phenanthro-[9,10,1,2,3-pqrst]pentaphene (DBPP) moieties linked through an octafluoroanthracene core. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations predict that electronic effects control either the first formation of spirocycles and subsequent Scholl reaction to form spironanographene 2, or the expected dehydrogenation reaction leading solely to the helical nanographene 3. The crystal structures of four of the new spiro compounds (syn 2, syn 9, anti 9 and syn 10) were solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The photophysical properties of the new molecular nanographene 3 reveal a remarkable dual fluorescent emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Izquierdo-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. de la Complutense, S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. de la Complutense, S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio de Difracción de Rayos X de Monocristal, SIdI, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. de la Complutense, S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. de la Complutense, S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Yang B, Gu Y, Paternò GM, Teyssandier J, Maghsoumi A, Barker AJ, Mali KS, Scotognella F, De Feyter S, Tommasini M, Feng X, Narita A, Müllen K. Zigzag-Edged Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Benzo[m]tetraphene Precursors. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203981. [PMID: 36695295 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of zigzag-edged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Z1-Z3) were synthesized from 2,12-dibromo-7,14-diphenyl-benzo[m]tetraphene (9) as a versatile building block. Their structures were unambiguously confirmed by laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 1 H NMR, Raman, and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies as well as scanning tunneling microscopy. The fingerprint vibrational modes were elucidated with theoretical support. The edge- and size-dependent optical properties were characterized by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Moreover, ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy revealed distinct modulation of the photophysical properties upon π-extension from Z1 to Z2, the latter having a gulf edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yanwei Gu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Giuseppe M Paternò
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy.,Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Joan Teyssandier
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ali Maghsoumi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica - Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Alex J Barker
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica - Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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11
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Müllen K, Scherf U. Conjugated Polymers: Where We Come From, Where We Stand, and Where We Might Go. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 D‐50128 Mainz Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry Group (BUWmakro), and Wuppertal Institute for Smart Materials & Systems (CM@S) University of Wuppertal Gauss‐Str. 20 D‐42119 Wuppertal Germany
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12
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Franceschini M, Crosta M, Ferreira RR, Poletto D, Demitri N, Zobel JP, González L, Bonifazi D. peri-Acenoacene Ribbons with Zigzag BN-Doped Peripheries. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21470-21484. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Franceschini
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Crosta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rúben R. Ferreira
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniele Poletto
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra − Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - J. Patrick Zobel
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Sun W, Guo J, Fan Z, Yuan L, Ye K, Dou C, Wang Y. Ribbon‐Type Boron‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Conformations, Dynamic Complexation and Electronic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209271. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Zengming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Liuzhong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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14
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Sun W, Guo J, Fan Z, Yuan L, Ye K, Dou C, Wang Y. Ribbon‐Type Boron‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Conformations, Dynamic Complexation and Electronic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kaiqi Ye
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Chuandong Dou
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials No.2699 Qianjin Street 130012 Changchun CHINA
| | - Yue Wang
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
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15
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Gu Y, Qiu Z, Müllen K. Nanographenes and Graphene Nanoribbons as Multitalents of Present and Future Materials Science. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11499-11524. [PMID: 35671225 PMCID: PMC9264366 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As cut-outs from a graphene sheet, nanographenes (NGs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are ideal cases with which to connect the world of molecules with that of bulk carbon materials. While various top-down approaches have been developed to produce such nanostructures in high yields, in the present perspective, precision structural control is emphasized for the length, width, and edge structures of NGs and GNRs achieved by modern solution and on-surface syntheses. Their structural possibilities have been further extended from "flatland" to the three-dimensional world, where chirality and handedness are the jewels in the crown. In addition to properties exhibited at the molecular level, self-assembly and thin-film structures cannot be neglected, which emphasizes the importance of processing techniques. With the rich toolkit of chemistry in hand, NGs and GNRs can be endowed with versatile properties and functions ranging from stimulated emission to spintronics and from bioimaging to energy storage, thus demonstrating their multitalents in present and future materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Gu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Shenzhen
Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and
Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg
University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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16
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Valenta L, Mayländer M, Kappeler P, Blacque O, Šolomek T, Richert S, Juríček M. Trimesityltriangulene: a persistent derivative of Clar's hydrocarbon. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3019-3022. [PMID: 35156113 PMCID: PMC8886921 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00352j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triangulene, known as Clar's hydrocarbon, is a prototypical non-Kekulé diradical comprised of six benzenoid rings fused in a triangular shape. We synthesized and characterized its trimesityl derivative, illustrating that three bulky substituents installed in the centers of the zigzag edges suffice to protect all reactive positions. This work brings prospects to use triangulene and its open-shell analogs in spintronic materials via solution-phase synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leoš Valenta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Maximilian Mayländer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Pia Kappeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tomáš Šolomek
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
- Prievidza Chemical Society, M. Hodžu 10/16, 97101 Prievidza, Slovak Republic
| | - Sabine Richert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Prievidza Chemical Society, M. Hodžu 10/16, 97101 Prievidza, Slovak Republic
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17
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Zank S, Fernández‐García JM, Stasyuk AJ, Voityuk AA, Krug M, Solà M, Guldi DM, Martín N. Initiating Electron Transfer in Doubly Curved Nanographene Upon Supramolecular Complexation of C 60. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112834. [PMID: 34633126 PMCID: PMC9303211 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The formation of supramolecular complexes between C60 and a molecular nanographene endowed with both positive and negative curvatures is described. The presence of a corannulene moiety and the saddle shape of the molecular nanographene allows the formation of complexes with 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 stoichiometries. The association constants for the three possible supramolecular complexes were determined by 1 H NMR titration. Furthermore, the stability of the three complexes was calculated by theoretical methods that also predict the photoinduced electron transfer from the curved nanographene to the electron acceptor C60 . Time-resolved transient absorption measurements on the ns-time scale showed that the addition of C60 to NG-1 solutions and photo-exciting them at 460 nm leads to the solvent-dependent formation of new species, in particular the formation of the one-electron reduced form of C60 in benzonitrile was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Zank
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-UniversitätEgerlandstrasse 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jesús M. Fernández‐García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica IFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de MadridAvd. de la Complutense, S/N28040MadridSpain
| | - Anton J. Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaC/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6917003GironaSpain
| | - Alexander A. Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaC/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6917003GironaSpain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA)08010BarcelonaSpain
| | - Marcel Krug
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-UniversitätEgerlandstrasse 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaC/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6917003GironaSpain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-UniversitätEgerlandstrasse 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica IFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de MadridAvd. de la Complutense, S/N28040MadridSpain
- IMDEA-NanocienciaC/ Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
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18
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Xu X, Serra G, Villa A, Muñoz-Mármol R, Vasylevskyi S, Gadea M, Lucotti A, Lin Z, Boj PG, Kabe R, Tommasini M, Díaz-García MÁ, Scotognella F, Paternò GM, Narita A. Synthesis of zigzag- and fjord-edged nanographene with dual amplified spontaneous emission. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13040-13045. [DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04208h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dibenzo[a,m]dinaphtho[ef,hi]coronene with zigzag and fjord edges was synthesized and characterized, demonstrating a nonplanar structure with near-infrared stimulated emission with a relatively long lifetime and dual-amplified spontaneous emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gianluca Serra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica ‘G. Natta’, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Villa
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Mármol
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Serhii Vasylevskyi
- Engineering Section, Research Support Division, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Marcos Gadea
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03080, Spain
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica ‘G. Natta’, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Zensen Lin
- Organic Optoelectronic Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Pedro G. Boj
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03080, Spain
| | - Ryota Kabe
- Organic Optoelectronic Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica ‘G. Natta’, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - María Á. Díaz-García
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03080, Spain
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | | | - Akimitsu Narita
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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19
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Zank S, Fernández‐García JM, Stasyuk AJ, Voityuk AA, Krug M, Solà M, Guldi DM, Martín N. Initiating Electron Transfer in Doubly Curved Nanographene Upon Supramolecular Complexation of C
60. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Zank
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jesús M. Fernández‐García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Avd. de la Complutense, S/N 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Anton J. Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Alexander A. Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA) 08010 Barcelona Spain
| | - Marcel Krug
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Avd. de la Complutense, S/N 28040 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia C/ Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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20
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Zhou L, Wu B, Chen Y, Gong J, Wang J, Dai G, Chi C, Wang Q. Synthesis and Properties of Aza-Ovalene with Six Zigzag Edges. Org Lett 2021; 23:8640-8644. [PMID: 34643399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ovalene's nitrogenated derivative with all zigzag edges and nitrogen atom doping at the periphery has been developed via one-step nitrogenation of formylbisanthene. Because of nitrogen incorporation, these molecules show greatly decreased highest occupied molecular orbital levels, enhanced intermolecular interactions, and a reversible acid response. Aza-ovalene also exhibits a diatropic ring current along the periphery. This work provides rare examples of all-zigzag-edged N-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiyun Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Boming Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jianye Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Gaole Dai
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot 010021, China
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21
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Omist A, Ricci G, Derradji A, Pérez-Jiménez AJ, San-Fabián E, Olivier Y, Sancho-García JC. peri-Acenoacene molecules: tuning of the singlet and triplet excitation energies by modifying their radical character. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24016-24028. [PMID: 34664570 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The energy difference between singlet and triplet excitons, or ΔEST, is a key parameter for novel light-emission mechanisms (i.e., TADF or thermally activated delayed fluorescence) or other photoactivated processes. We have studied a set of conjugated molecules (peri-acenoacenes and their heteroatom-doped analogues) to observe the evolution of their excited-state properties upon increasing the system size with and without substitution with a pair of N atoms. Since these molecules exhibit a (ground-state) diradicaloid character, together with marked correlation effects influencing the excited-states formed, we have applied a variety of theoretical methods (FT-DFT, TD-DFT, SF-TD-DFT, CIS, CIS(D), SCS-CC2, SA-CASSCF, and SC-NEVPT2) to bracket the accuracy of the results while concomitantly providing insights into electronic structure. The results show how this chemical strategy (N-doping) largely modifies not only the excited-state energies but also the oscillator strengths and the ΔEST values, constituting versatile platforms for fine-tuned photophysical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Omist
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - G Ricci
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale & Laboratoire de Physique du Solid, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - A Derradji
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - A J Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - E San-Fabián
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Y Olivier
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale & Laboratoire de Physique du Solid, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - J C Sancho-García
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
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22
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Turco E, Mishra S, Melidonie J, Eimre K, Obermann S, Pignedoli CA, Fasel R, Feng X, Ruffieux P. On-Surface Synthesis and Characterization of Super-nonazethrene. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8314-8319. [PMID: 34428064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Beginning with the early work of Clar et al. in 1955, zethrenes and their laterally extended homologues, super-zethrenes, have been intensively studied in the solution phase and widely investigated as optical and charge transport materials. Superzethrenes are also considered to exhibit an open-shell ground state and may thus serve as model compounds to investigate nanoscale π-magnetism. However, their synthesis is extremely challenging due to their high reactivity. We report here the on-surface synthesis of the hitherto largest zethrene homologue-super-nonazethrene-on Au(111). Using single-molecule scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, we show that super-nonazethrene exhibits an open-shell singlet ground state featuring a large spin polarization-driven electronic gap of 1 eV. Consistent with the emergence of an open-shell ground state, high-resolution tunneling spectroscopy reveals singlet-triplet spin excitations in super-nonazethrene, characterized by a strong intramolecular magnetic exchange coupling of 51 meV. Given the paucity of zethrene chemistry on surfaces, our results therefore provide unprecedented access to large, open-shell zethrene compounds amenable to scanning probe measurements, with potential application in molecular spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Turco
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Shantanu Mishra
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jason Melidonie
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristjan Eimre
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Obermann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Synthetic Materials and Functional Devices, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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23
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Zou Y, Han Y, Wu S, Hou X, Chow CHE, Wu J. Scholl Reaction of Perylene-Based Polyphenylene Precursors under Different Conditions: Formation of Hexagon or Octagon? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17654-17663. [PMID: 34002913 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A planar dibenzo-peri-hexacene derivative (2) was synthesized via FeCl3 -mediated Scholl reaction from a cyclopenta-fused perylene (CP) based polyphenylene precursor (1). However, an unexpected octagon-containing, negatively curved molecule (3) was obtained in nearly quantitative yield when 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and methanesulfonic acid (MeSO3 H) were used. Similar results were observed when two smaller-sized precursors containing one (4) or two CP units (5) were tested. X-ray crystallographic analysis also revealed that there is no close π-π stacking between neighboring π-conjugated skeletons. DFT calculations suggest a radical cation mechanism in the presence of FeCl3 while an arenium ion pathway for the DDQ/MeSO3 H mediated Scholl reaction, which can well explain the selective formation of hexagons and octagons under different conditions. The obtained compounds showed tunable optical and electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chi Hao Eugene Chow
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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24
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Zou Y, Han Y, Wu S, Hou X, Chow CHE, Wu J. Scholl Reaction of Perylene‐Based Polyphenylene Precursors under Different Conditions: Formation of Hexagon or Octagon? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Chi Hao Eugene Chow
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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25
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Ajayakumar MR, Ma J, Lucotti A, Schellhammer KS, Serra G, Dmitrieva E, Rosenkranz M, Komber H, Liu J, Ortmann F, Tommasini M, Feng X. Persistent peri-Heptacene: Synthesis and In Situ Characterization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13853-13858. [PMID: 33848044 PMCID: PMC8251907 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
n‐peri‐Acenes (n‐PAs) have gained interest as model systems of zigzag‐edged graphene nanoribbons for potential applications in nanoelectronics and spintronics. However, the synthesis of n‐PAs larger than peri‐tetracene remains challenging because of their intrinsic open‐shell character and high reactivity. Presented here is the synthesis of a hitherto unknown n‐PA, that is, peri‐heptacene (7‐PA), in which the reactive zigzag edges are kinetically protected with eight 4‐tBu‐C6H4 groups. The formation of 7‐PA is validated by high‐resolution mass spectrometry and in situ FT‐Raman spectroscopy. 7‐PA displays a narrow optical energy gap of 1.01 eV and exhibits persistent stability (t1/2≈25 min) under inert conditions. Moreover, electron‐spin resonance measurements and theoretical studies reveal that 7‐PA exhibits an open‐shell feature and a significant tetraradical character. This strategy could be considered a modular approach for the construction of next‐generation (3 N+1)‐PAs (where N≥3).
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Ajayakumar
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Karl Sebastian Schellhammer
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianluca Serra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut for Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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26
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Ribar P, Valenta L, Šolomek T, Juríček M. Rules of Nucleophilic Additions to Zigzag Nanographene Diones*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13521-13528. [PMID: 33645878 PMCID: PMC8251702 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic addition of carbon-centered nucleophiles to nanographene ketones represents a valuable late-stage method for the functionalization of zigzag nanographenes, but its use is rare in the chemical literature. Using two model systems, non-Kekulé triangulene-4,8-dione and Kekulé anthanthrone, we identify unexpected regioselectivities and uncover the rules that govern these reactions. Considering the large number of nanographene ketones that have been reported since the pioneering work of Eric Clar, this method enables synthesis and exploration of hitherto unknown functionalized nanographenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ribar
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Leoš Valenta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Tomáš Šolomek
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
- Prievidza Chemical SocietyM. Hodžu 10/16971 01PrievidzaSlovak Republic
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
- Prievidza Chemical SocietyM. Hodžu 10/16971 01PrievidzaSlovak Republic
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27
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Ribar P, Valenta L, Šolomek T, Juríček M. Rules of Nucleophilic Additions to Zigzag Nanographene Diones**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ribar
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Leoš Valenta
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Tomáš Šolomek
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Prievidza Chemical Society M. Hodžu 10/16 971 01 Prievidza Slovak Republic
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
- Prievidza Chemical Society M. Hodžu 10/16 971 01 Prievidza Slovak Republic
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28
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Mishra S, Yao X, Chen Q, Eimre K, Gröning O, Ortiz R, Di Giovannantonio M, Sancho-García JC, Fernández-Rossier J, Pignedoli CA, Müllen K, Ruffieux P, Narita A, Fasel R. Large magnetic exchange coupling in rhombus-shaped nanographenes with zigzag periphery. Nat Chem 2021; 13:581-586. [PMID: 33972756 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanographenes with zigzag edges are predicted to manifest non-trivial π-magnetism resulting from the interplay of concurrent electronic effects, such as hybridization of localized frontier states and Coulomb repulsion between valence electrons. This provides a chemically tunable platform to explore quantum magnetism at the nanoscale and opens avenues towards organic spintronics. The magnetic stability in nanographenes is thus far greatly limited by the weak magnetic exchange coupling, which remains below the room-temperature thermal energy. Here, we report the synthesis of large rhombus-shaped nanographenes with zigzag peripheries on gold and copper surfaces. Single-molecule scanning probe measurements show an emergent magnetic spin singlet ground state with increasing nanographene size. The magnetic exchange coupling in the largest nanographene (C70H22, containing five benzenoid rings along each edge), determined by inelastic electron tunnelling spectroscopy, exceeds 100 meV or 1,160 K, which outclasses most inorganic nanomaterials and survives on a metal electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Mishra
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Xuelin Yao
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristjan Eimre
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Gröning
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ricardo Ortiz
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Alicante, Sant Vicent del Raspeig, Spain.,Department of Chemical Physics, University of Alicante, Sant Vicent del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany. .,Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Roman Fasel
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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29
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Ajayakumar MR, Ma J, Lucotti A, Schellhammer KS, Serra G, Dmitrieva E, Rosenkranz M, Komber H, Liu J, Ortmann F, Tommasini M, Feng X. Persistent
peri
‐Heptacene: Synthesis and In Situ Characterization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Ajayakumar
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta” Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Karl Sebastian Schellhammer
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstraße 18 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Gianluca Serra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta” Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut for Polymerforschung Dresden e. V. Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road 999077 Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden Technische Universität Dresden Helmholtzstraße 18 01069 Dresden Germany
- Department of Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta” Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
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30
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Rong MG, Wang J, Liu J. Toward Zigzag-edged Helical Nanographene Based on [7]Helicene. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1216-1220. [PMID: 33769686 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to their unique chemical and physical properties, zigzag-edged nanographenes have attracted increasing interest in recent years. Herein, a novel zigzag-edged nanographene (6) containing a [7]helicene subunit was designed and synthesized. However, because of the high reactivities of zigzag edges, compound 1 with a diketone structure was obtained owing to the oxidation of 6. The helical carbon skeleton of 1 is unambiguously revealed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography analysis. The photophysical properties of the precursor and helical diketone 1 are studied by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The electrochemical property of 1 is investigated by cyclic voltammetry, which was further studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations (ΔEg Cal =2.94 eV). The work reported here not only represents the synthesis of an unprecedented [7]helicene-embedded nanographene, but also provides the possibility for the synthesis of helical nanographenes with rich zigzag edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Guang Rong
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Junting Wang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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31
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32
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Ou YP, Zhang J, Hu Y, Yin J, Chi C, Liu SH. Oxidized divinyl oligoacene-bridged diruthenium complexes: bridged localized radical characters and reduced aromaticity in bridge cores. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:16877-16886. [PMID: 33180078 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02883e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of bimetallic ruthenium vinyl complexes 1-5 bridged by oligoacenes were synthesized and characterized in this study. Comparative cyclic voltammetry results from 1-5 indicated that the first oxidation potential decreased gradually with the extension of conjugate ligands. Upon oxidation to singly oxidized species 1+-5+, rather small ν(CO) changes in the infrared (IR) spectra and the characteristic bands of metal-to-ligand charge transfer absorptions in the near IR (NIR) region predicted via time-dependent DFT calculations suggested that strong bridged ligands participate in redox processes. NIR absorptions were not observed in complexes 4+ and 5+ possibly because of instability in their twisted and noncoplanar geometry. Electron paramagnetic resonance results and spin density distribution demonstrated that the bridged localized degrees of 1+-5+ successively increased with the extension of oligoacene from benzene to tetracene. Further comparative analysis of neutral molecules and monocations to the aromaticity and π-electron density of bridge cores indicated a step-by-step transformation process from an aromatic to quinoidal radical upon oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Ou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan 421008, P. R. China
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33
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Xu X, Chen Q, Narita A. Synthesis and Characterization of Dibenzo[<i>hi,st</i>]ovalene as a Highly Fluorescent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Its π-Extension to Circumpyrene. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
| | - Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
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34
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Dumslaff T, Gu Y, Paternò GM, Qiu Z, Maghsoumi A, Tommasini M, Feng X, Scotognella F, Narita A, Müllen K. Hexa- peri-benzocoronene with two extra K-regions in an ortho-configuration. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12816-12821. [PMID: 34094476 PMCID: PMC8163021 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04649c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There are three possible isomers for hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) with two extra K-regions, but only two of them have been reported, namely with the meta- and para-configurations. Herein, we describe the synthesis of HBC 4 with two extra K-regions in the ortho-configuration, forming a longer zigzag edge compared with the other two isomers. The structure of 4 was validated by laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, as well as Raman and infrared spectroscopies supported by density functional theory calculations. The optical properties of 4 were investigated by UV/vis absorption and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Together with the analysis of aromaticity, the influence of the zigzag edge on the π-conjugation pathway and HOMO–LUMO gaps of the three isomers were investigated. We reported the synthesis of hexa-peri-benzocoronene (HBC) with two extra K-regions adopting an ortho-configuration. The systematical study provides deep insights about the effect of zigzag edge on the π-conjugated pathway and molecular design.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Dumslaff
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Yanwei Gu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Giuseppe M Paternò
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano Science and Technology Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Ali Maghsoumi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica - Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32-20133 Milano Italy
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica - Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32-20133 Milano Italy
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology Walther-Hempel-Bau Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano Science and Technology Milano 20133 Italy
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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35
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Liu J, Feng X. Maßgeschneiderte Synthese von Graphennanostrukturen mit Zickzack‐Rändern. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), und Fakultät für Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), und Fakultät für Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Deutschland
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36
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Liu J, Feng X. Synthetic Tailoring of Graphene Nanostructures with Zigzag-Edged Topologies: Progress and Perspectives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23386-23401. [PMID: 32720441 PMCID: PMC7756885 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical investigations have revealed that the chemical and physical properties of graphene are crucially determined by their topological structures. Therefore, the atomically precise synthesis of graphene nanostructures is essential. A particular example is graphene nanostructures with zigzag-edged structures, which exhibit unique (opto)electronic and magnetic properties owing to their spin-polarized edge state. Recent progress in the development of synthetic methods and strategies as well as characterization methods has given access to this class of unprecedented graphene nanostructures, which used to be purely molecular objectives in theoretical chemistry. Thus, clear insight into the structure-property relationships has become possible as well as new applications in organic carbon-based electronic and spintronic devices. In this Minireview, we discuss the recent progress in the controlled synthesis of zigzag-edged graphene nanostructures with different topologies through a bottom-up synthetic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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37
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Dual Amplified Spontaneous Emission and Lasing from Nanographene Films. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081525. [PMID: 32759768 PMCID: PMC7466616 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemically synthesized zigzag-edged nanographenes (NG) have recently demonstrated great success as the active laser units in solution-processed organic distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. Here, we report the first observation of dual amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from a large-size NG derivative (with 12 benzenoid rings) dispersed in a polystyrene film. ASE is observed simultaneously at the 685 and 739 nm wavelengths, which correspond to different transitions of the photoluminescence spectrum. Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy has been used to ascertain the underlying photophysical processes taking place in the films. DFB lasers, based on these materials and top-layer nanostructured polymeric resonators (i.e., one or two-dimensional surface relief gratings), have been fabricated and characterized. Lasers emitting close to either one of the two possible ASE wavelengths, or simultaneously at both of them, have been prepared by proper selection of the resonator parameters.
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38
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Zou Y, Bonal V, Moles Quintero S, Boj PG, Villalvilla JM, Quintana JA, Li G, Wu S, Jiang Q, Ni Y, Casado J, Díaz‐García MA, Wu J. Perylene‐Fused, Aggregation‐Free Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for Solution‐Processed Distributed Feedback Lasers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14927-14934. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Víctor Bonal
- Departamento Física Aplicada, and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante Universidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Sergio Moles Quintero
- Department of Physical Chemistry University of Malaga Campus de Teations s/n 229071 Malaga Spain
| | - Pedro G. Boj
- Departamento Óptica Farmacología y Anatomía, and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante Universidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - José M. Villalvilla
- Departamento Física Aplicada, and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante Universidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - José A. Quintana
- Departamento Óptica Farmacología y Anatomía, and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante Universidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry University of Malaga Campus de Teations s/n 229071 Malaga Spain
| | - María A. Díaz‐García
- Departamento Física Aplicada, and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante Universidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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39
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Zou Y, Bonal V, Moles Quintero S, Boj PG, Villalvilla JM, Quintana JA, Li G, Wu S, Jiang Q, Ni Y, Casado J, Díaz‐García MA, Wu J. Perylene‐Fused, Aggregation‐Free Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for Solution‐Processed Distributed Feedback Lasers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Víctor Bonal
- Departamento Física Aplicada, and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante Universidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Sergio Moles Quintero
- Department of Physical Chemistry University of Malaga Campus de Teations s/n 229071 Malaga Spain
| | - Pedro G. Boj
- Departamento Óptica Farmacología y Anatomía, and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante Universidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - José M. Villalvilla
- Departamento Física Aplicada, and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante Universidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - José A. Quintana
- Departamento Óptica Farmacología y Anatomía, and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante Universidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry University of Malaga Campus de Teations s/n 229071 Malaga Spain
| | - María A. Díaz‐García
- Departamento Física Aplicada, and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante Universidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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40
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Gu Y, Muñoz-Mármol R, Wu S, Han Y, Ni Y, Díaz-García MA, Casado J, Wu J. Cove-Edged Nanographenes with Localized Double Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8113-8117. [PMID: 32011764 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis and electronic properties of two large-size cove-edged nanographenes (NGs), CN1 and CN2, are presented. X-ray crystallographic analysis reveals a contorted backbone for both molecules owing to the steric repulsion at the inner cove position. Noticeably, the dominant structures of these molecules contain four (for CN1) or six (for CN2) localized C=C double bonds embedded in nine (for CN1) or twelve (for CN2) aromatic sextet rings according to Clar's formula, which is supported by bond length analysis and theoretical (NICS, ACID) calculations. Furthermore, Raman spectra exhibit a band associated with the longitudinal CC stretching mode of olefinic double bonds. Owing to the existence of the additional olefinic bonds, both compounds show a small band gap (1.84 eV for CN1 and 1.37 eV for CN2). They also display moderate fluorescence quantum yield (35 % for CN1 and 50 % for CN2) owing to the contorted geometry, which can suppress aggregation in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Gu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Mármol
- Departamento Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de, Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - María A Díaz-García
- Departamento Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de, Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teations s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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41
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Xu X, Müllen K, Narita A. Syntheses and Characterizations of Functional Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Graphene Nanoribbons. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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42
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Gu Y, Muñoz‐Mármol R, Wu S, Han Y, Ni Y, Díaz‐García MA, Casado J, Wu J. Cove‐Edged Nanographenes with Localized Double Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Gu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Rafael Muñoz‐Mármol
- Departamento Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de, Materiales de AlicanteUniversidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - María A. Díaz‐García
- Departamento Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de, Materiales de AlicanteUniversidad de Alicante 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical ChemistryUniversity of Malaga Campus de Teations s/n 229071 Malaga Spain
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin UniversityInternational Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207 China
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43
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Yuan K, Kahan RJ, Si C, Williams A, Kirschner S, Uzelac M, Zysman-Colman E, Ingleson MJ. The synthesis of brominated-boron-doped PAHs by alkyne 1,1-bromoboration: mechanistic and functionalisation studies. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3258-3267. [PMID: 34122833 PMCID: PMC8157679 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a range of brominated-B n -containing (n = 1, 2) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is achieved simply by reacting BBr3 with appropriately substituted alkynes via a bromoboration/electrophilic C-H borylation sequence. The brominated-B n -PAHs were isolated as either the borinic acids or B-mesityl-protected derivatives, with the latter having extremely deep LUMOs for the B2-doped PAHs (with one example having a reduction potential of E 1/2 = -0.96 V versus Fc+/Fc, Fc = ferrocene). Mechanistic studies revealed the reaction sequence proceeds by initial alkyne 1,1-bromoboration. 1,1-Bromoboration also was applied to access a number of unprecedented 1-bromo-2,2-diaryl substituted vinylboronate esters directly from internal alkynes. Bromoboration/C-H borylation installs useful C-Br units onto the B n -PAHs, which were utilised in Negishi coupling reactions, including for the installation of two triarylamine donor (D) groups onto a B2-PAH. The resultant D-A-D molecule has a low optical gap with an absorption onset at 750 nm and emission centered at 810 nm in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yuan
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - R J Kahan
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - C Si
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - A Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - S Kirschner
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - M Uzelac
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - E Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - M J Ingleson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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44
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Mishra S, Melidonie J, Eimre K, Obermann S, Gröning O, Pignedoli CA, Ruffieux P, Feng X, Fasel R. On-surface synthesis of super-heptazethrene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7467-7470. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02513e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis of a zethrene compound, super-heptazethrene, is reported on Au(111), along with its detailed characterization using scanning tunneling microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Mishra
- Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- Überlandstrasse 129
- 8600 Dübendorf
- Switzerland
| | - Jason Melidonie
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden
- Technical University of Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Kristjan Eimre
- Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- Überlandstrasse 129
- 8600 Dübendorf
- Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Obermann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden
- Technical University of Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Oliver Gröning
- Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- Überlandstrasse 129
- 8600 Dübendorf
- Switzerland
| | - Carlo A. Pignedoli
- Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- Überlandstrasse 129
- 8600 Dübendorf
- Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- Überlandstrasse 129
- 8600 Dübendorf
- Switzerland
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden
- Technical University of Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- Überlandstrasse 129
- 8600 Dübendorf
- Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
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45
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Chen Q, Schollmeyer D, Müllen K, Narita A. Synthesis of Circumpyrene by Alkyne Benzannulation of Brominated Dibenzo[ hi, st]ovalene. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19994-19999. [PMID: 31816238 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A transition-metal catalyzed alkyne benzannulation allowed an unprecedented synthesis of circumpyrene, starting from 3,11-dibromo-6,14-dimesityldibenzo[hi,st]ovalene (DBOV). The circumpyrene was characterized by a combination of NMR, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, revealing its multizigzag-edged structure. Two newly introduced C═C bonds in circumpyrene strongly perturbed the electronic structures of DBOV, as evidenced by increased optical and electrochemical energy gaps. This is in good agreement with an increased number of Clar's sextets as well as a decreased number of π-electrons in the conjugation pathway of circumpyrene, according to anisotropy of the induced current density (ACID) calculations. The present approach opens a new avenue to multizigzag-edged nanographenes and offers insights into their (opto)electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 , Mainz , Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55099 Mainz , Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 , Mainz , Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 , Mainz , Germany.,Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit , Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami , Okinawa 904-0495 , Japan
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46
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Abstract
How does edge modification affect spin distribution in open-shell graphene fragments? We investigated this effect by analyzing spin-delocalization in benzo[cd]-triangulene, a spin 1/2 graphene fragment composed of seven benzenoid rings fused in a hybrid zigzag/armchair fashion. Six rings of this system form the core of Clar's hydrocarbon triangulene, to which an additional ring is annulated in the zigzag region. The singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) of this hydrocarbon radical resembles both SOMOs of triangulene, but the spin density is distributed over the core in a nonuniform fashion. The uneven spin distribution is reflected in the reactivity-reaction with oxygen occurs selectively at a position with the highest spin density-and correlates nicely with relative stabilities of the corresponding Clar resonance structures. The spin distribution is different from that of a topologically similar compound composed of the same number of sp2 carbon atoms but featuring six rings only, illustrating the impact of subtle structural changes on spin-density distribution. This compound was characterized by means of UV-vis and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. The experimental results are supported by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Ravat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland , D-97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
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47
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Solution-processed nanographene distributed feedback lasers. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3327. [PMID: 31346182 PMCID: PMC6658550 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of nanographene molecules constitutes the bottom-up approach toward graphene, simultaneously providing rational chemical design, structure-property control and exploitation of their semiconducting and luminescence properties. Here, we report nanographene-based lasers from three zigzag-edged polycyclic aromatics. The devices consist of a passive polymer film hosting the nanographenes and a top-layer polymeric distributed feedback resonator. Both the active material and the laser resonator are processed from solution, key for the purpose of obtaining low-cost devices with mechanical flexibility. The prepared lasers show narrow linewidth ( < 0.13 nm) emission at different spectral regions covering a large segment of the visible spectrum, and up to the vicinity of the near-infrared. They show outstandingly long operational lifetimes (above 105 pump pulses) and very low thresholds. These results represent a significant step forward in the field of graphene and broaden its versatility in low-cost devices implying light emission, such as lasers. Chemically synthesized graphene nanosheets offer device design flexibility and improved optoelectronic performance. Here, the authors report solution-processed distributed feedback lasers with graphene nanosheets as active media having linewidths < 0.13 nm, long operational lifetimes and low thresholds.
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48
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Aumaitre C, Morin J. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as Potential Building Blocks for Organic Solar Cells. CHEM REC 2019; 19:1142-1154. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Aumaitre
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA) 1045 Ave de la Medicine, Université Laval Quebec City, QC Canada G1V0A6
| | - Jean‐François Morin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA) 1045 Ave de la Medicine, Université Laval Quebec City, QC Canada G1V0A6
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49
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Fan X, Li W, Chen L, Ouyang T, Fei Y. Sequential Extraction of Coal Tar Pitch and Structural Characterization of Enriched Large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Hua Fan
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan University, Changsha Hunan 410082 China E-Mail: B1213
| | - Wei Li
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan University, Changsha Hunan 410082 China E-Mail: B1213
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan University, Changsha Hunan 410082 China E-Mail: B1213
| | - Ting Ouyang
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan University, Changsha Hunan 410082 China E-Mail: B1213
| | - Youqing Fei
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan University, Changsha Hunan 410082 China E-Mail: B1213
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle BodyHunan University, Changsha Hunan 410082 China
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50
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Abstract
We report the challenging synthesis and electronic properties of a new class of rhombic peri-fused acene dimers, the so-called peri-acenoacenes. Compared to rectangular peri-fused peri-acenes, peri-acenoacenes show less diradical character and higher stability. Two soluble and stable aryl-substituted peri-acenoacenes, peri-tetracenotetracene (TT-Ar) and peri-pentacenopentacene (PP-Ar), are synthesized and their structures are confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Their optical properties and electronic properties are different from those of peri-acene derivatives. Unexpectedly, both the neutral compounds and dications are aromatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Gu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of, Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
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