1
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Gao Y, Hu Y, Ye J, Ma Z, Feng J, Liu X, Lei P, Szostak M. Pd-NHC (NHC = N-Heterocyclic Carbene)-Catalyzed B-Alkyl Suzuki Cross-Coupling of 2-Pyridyl Ammonium Salts by N-C Activation: Application to the Discovery of Agrochemical Molecular Hybrids. Org Lett 2024; 26:2309-2314. [PMID: 38466078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
2-Alkylpyridines are a privileged scaffold throughout the realm of organic synthesis and play a key role in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Herein, we report the first B-alkyl Suzuki cross-coupling of 2-pyridyl ammonium salts to access functionalized 2-alkylpyridines. The use of well-defined, operationally simple Pd-NHCs permits for an exceptionally broad scope of the challenging B-alkyl C-N cross-coupling with organoboranes containing β-hydrogen, representing a novel method for the discovery of highly sought-after molecules for plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuge Hu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiuhui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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2
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Moskalik MY. Monofluoromethylation of N-Heterocyclic Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17593. [PMID: 38139426 PMCID: PMC10744182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The review focuses on recent advances in the methodologies for the formation or introduction of the CH2F moiety in N-heterocyclic substrates over the past 5 years. The monofluoromethyl group is one of the most versatile fluorinated groups used to modify the properties of molecules in synthetic medical chemistry. The review summarizes two strategies for the monofluoromethylation of N-containing heterocycles: direct monofluoromethylation with simple XCH2F sources (for example, ICH2F) and the assembly of N-heterocyclic structures from CH2F-containing substrates. The review describes the monofluoromethylation of pharmaceutically important three-, five- and six-membered N-heterocycles: pyrrolidines, pyrroles, indoles, imidazoles, triazoles, benzothiazoles, carbazoles, indazoles, pyrazoles, oxazoles, piperidines, morpholines, pyridines, quinolines and pyridazines. Assembling of 6-fluoromethylphenanthridine, 5-fluoromethyl-2-oxazolines, C5-monofluorinated isoxazoline N-oxides, and α-fluoromethyl-α-trifluoromethylaziridines is also shown. Fluoriodo-, fluorchloro- and fluorbromomethane, FCH2SO2Cl, monofluoromethyl(aryl)sulfoniummethylides, monofluoromethyl sulfides, (fluoromethyl)triphenylphosphonium iodide and 2-fluoroacetic acid are the main fluoromethylating reagents in recent works. The replacement of atoms and entire functional groups with a fluorine atom(s) leads to a change and often improvement in activity, chemical or biostability, and pharmacokinetic properties. The monofluoromethyl group is a bioisoster of -CH3, -CH2OH, -CH2NH2, -CH2CH3, -CH2NO2 and -CH2SH moieties. Bioisosteric replacement with the CH2F group is both an interesting task for organic synthesis and a pathway to modify drugs, agrochemicals and useful intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Yu Moskalik
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
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3
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Malik M, Senatore R, Langer T, Holzer W, Pace V. Base-mediated homologative rearrangement of nitrogen-oxygen bonds of N-methyl- N-oxyamides. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10140-10146. [PMID: 37772102 PMCID: PMC10530184 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03216g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the well known reactivity of C(O)-N functionalities towards canonical C1-homologating agents (e.g. carbenoids, diazomethane, ylides), resulting in the extrusion of the N-centered fragment en route to carbonyl compounds, formal C1-insertions within N-O bonds still remain obscure. Herein, we document the homologative transformation of N-methyl-N-oxyamides - with high tolerance for diverse O-substituents - into N-acyl-N,O-acetals. Under controlled basic conditions, the N-methyl group of the same starting materials acts as a competent precursor of the methylene synthon required for the homologation. The logic is levered on the formation of an electrophilic iminium ion (via N-O heterolysis) susceptible to nucleophilic attack by the alkoxide previously expulsed. The procedure documents genuine chemocontrol and flexibility, as judged by the diversity of substituents placed on both amide and nitrogen linchpins. The mechanistic rationale was validated through experiments conducted on D-labeled materials which unambiguously attributed the origin of the methylene fragment to the N-methyl group of the starting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Raffaele Senatore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 1090 Vienna Austria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin Via Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
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4
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Xie Q, Zhang R, Dong G. Programmable Amine Synthesis via Iterative Boron Homologation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307118. [PMID: 37417916 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The value of Matteson-type reactions has been increasingly recognized for developing automated organic synthesis. However, the typical Matteson reactions almost exclusively focus on homologation of carbon units. Here, we report the detailed development of sequential insertion of nitrogen and carbon atoms into boronate C-B bonds, which provides a modular and iterative approach to access functionalized tertiary amines. A new class of nitrenoid reagents is uncovered to allow direct formation of aminoboranes from aryl or alkyl boronates via N-insertion. The one-pot N-insertion followed by controlled mono- or double-carbenoid insertion has been realized with widely available aryl boronates. The resulting aminoalkyl boronate products can undergo further homologation and various other transformations. Preliminary success on homologation of N,N-dialkylaminoboranes and sequential N- and C-insertions with alkyl boronates have also been achieved. To broaden the synthetic utility, selective removal of a benzyl or aryl substituent permits access to secondary or primary amine products. The application of this method has been demonstrated in the modular synthesis of bioactive compounds and the programmable construction of diamines and aminoethers. A plausible reaction mechanism, supported by preliminary NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and computational studies, is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqiang Xie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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5
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Dequina HJ, Jones CL, Schomaker JM. Recent updates and future perspectives in aziridine synthesis and reactivity. Chem 2023; 9:1658-1701. [PMID: 37681216 PMCID: PMC10482075 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
In this review, selected recent advances in the preparation and reactivity of aziridines using modern synthetic approaches are highlighted, while comparing these new strategies with more classical approaches. This critical analysis is designed to help identify current gaps in the field and is showcasing new and exciting opportunities to move the chemistry of aziridines forward in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary J. Dequina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 N. University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Corey L. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 N. University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 N. University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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6
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Shibutani Y, Kusumoto S, Nozaki K. Synthesis, Characterization, and Trapping of a Cyclic Diborylcarbene, an Electrophilic Carbene. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37354094 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
A carbene bearing two geminal boryl substituents, called diborylcarbene (DBC), has been predicted to be highly Lewis acidic in sharp contrast to the well-studied persistent carbenes stabilized by π-donating substituents. Studies on DBC have been limited to either the base-trapping or theoretical calculations. Herein, we developed chemical equivalents for DBC, namely, K/X-diborylcarbenoids 2X (X = F or Cl). Treatment of 2F with Al(C6F5)3 yielded [AlF(C6F5)3]--stabilized DBC 1-FAl, which showed a significant low-field shift of the carbenoid carbon from 169 ppm (doublet, coupling with 19F) to 242 ppm (singlet). The loss of halogen was also detected through electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of 2X only in the presence of Al(C6F5)3. Generated DBC 1 from 1-FAl or 2Cl was successfully trapped with excess amounts of trialkylphosphines (PR3, R = Me or Et), which afforded the corresponding DBC-PR3 adducts. In addition, the Lewis acidity of DBC 1 was evaluated both experimentally and theoretically to reveal that 1 is one of the most Lewis acidic species among neutral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shibutani
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kusumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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7
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Hu Y, Gao Y, Ye J, Ma Z, Feng J, Liu X, Lei P, Szostak M. Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling of 2-Pyridyl Trimethylammonium Salts by N-C Activation Catalyzed by Air- and Moisture-Stable Pd-NHC Precatalysts: Application to the Discovery of Agrochemicals. Org Lett 2023; 25:2975-2980. [PMID: 37079757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the first Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of 2-pyridyl ammonium salts by highly selective N-C activation catalyzed by air- and moisture-stable Pd(II)-NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) precatalysts. The use of well-defined and highly reactive [Pd(IPr)(3-CF3-An)Cl2] (An = aniline) or [Pd(IPr)(cin)Cl] (cin = cinnamyl) Pd(II)-NHC catalysts permits an exceptionally broad scope of the cross-coupling to furnish valuable biaryl and heterobiarylpyridines that are ubiquitous in medicinal chemistry and agrochemistry research. The overall process leverages the Chichibabin C-H amination of pyridines with N-C activation to enable an attractive strategy to the 2-pyridyl problem. The utility of the method to the discovery of potent agrochemicals is presented. Considering the importance of 2-pyridines and the versatility of N-C activation methods, we envision that this new C-H/N-C activation strategy will find broad application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuhui Ye
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Juntao Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xili Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Lei
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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8
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Spennacchio M, Colella M, Andresini M, Dibenedetto RS, Graziano E, Aramini A, Degennaro L, Luisi R. Unlocking geminal fluorohaloalkanes in nucleophilic fluoroalkylation chemistry: generation and trapping of lithiumfluorocarbenoids enabled by flow microreactors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1373-1376. [PMID: 36649092 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06717j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A direct nucleophilic monofluoroalkylation strategy leveraging on lithium fluorocarbenoids has been developed. Flow microreactor technology allows capitalization of the synthetic potential of these scarcely explored short-lived intermediates - namely 1-fluoro-2-phenylethyllithium, 1-fluoro-3-phenylpropyllithium, and 1-fluorononyllithium - generated through lithium/iodine exchange reaction. This robust protocol was employed to prepare new fluorinated products, adopting various classes of electrophiles. The inherent advantages of microreactor technology contribute to rendering this approach a new valuable tool for direct fluoroalkylation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Spennacchio
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, 70125, Italy.
| | - Marco Colella
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, 70125, Italy.
| | - Michael Andresini
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, 70125, Italy.
| | - Roberta Savina Dibenedetto
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, 70125, Italy.
| | - Elena Graziano
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, 70125, Italy.
| | - Andrea Aramini
- Department of Discovery, Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Campo di Pile, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, 70125, Italy.
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, 70125, Italy.
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9
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Novel Class of Proteasome Inhibitors: In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation of Diverse Chloro(trifluoromethyl)aziridines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012363. [PMID: 36293216 PMCID: PMC9603864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is the major proteolytic system in the cytosol and nucleus of all eukaryotic cells. The role of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) as critical agents for regulating cancer cell death has been established. Aziridine derivatives are well-known alkylating agents employed against cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, aziridine derivatives showing inhibitory activity towards proteasome have never been described before. Herein we report a new class of selective and nonPIs bearing an aziridine ring as a core structure. In vitro cell-based assays (two leukemia cell lines) also displayed anti-proliferative activity for some compounds. In silico studies indicated non-covalent binding mode and drug-likeness for these derivatives. Taken together, these results are promising for developing more potent PIs.
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10
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Lei P, Wang Y, Zhang C, Hu Y, Feng J, Ma Z, Liu X, Szostak R, Szostak M. Sonogashira Cross-Coupling of Aryl Ammonium Salts by Selective C-N Activation Catalyzed by Air- and Moisture-Stable, Highly Active [Pd(NHC)(3-CF 3-An)Cl 2] (An = Aniline) Precatalysts. Org Lett 2022; 24:6310-6315. [PMID: 36001796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the Sonogashira cross-coupling of aryl ammonium salts catalyzed by air- and moisture-stable [Pd(NHC)(3-CF3-An)Cl2] (An = aniline). This highly active Pd(II)-NHC complex features broad scope and excellent C-N activation selectivity in the challenging alkynylative cross-coupling of aryl ammonium salts. Full structural characterization and computational studies demonstrate the effect of pyridine to aniline replacement as highly effective stabilizing ancillary ligand in well-defined Pd(II)-NHCs. Considering the high reactivity and the recent commercialization of [Pd(NHC)(3-CF3-An)Cl2] (Millipore Sigma, no. 915165), this catalyst represents an attractive approach to the activation of C-N bonds of broad synthetic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lei
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuge Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xili Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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11
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Senatore R, Malik M, Pace V. Fluoroiodomethane: A CH2F‐Moiety Delivering Agent Suitable for Nucleophilic‐, Electrophilic‐ and Radical‐Harnessed Operations. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Colella M, Musci P, Andresini M, Spennacchio M, Degennaro L, Luisi R. The synthetic versatility of fluoroiodomethane: recent applications as monofluoromethylation platform. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4669-4680. [PMID: 35587647 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00670g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, fluoroiodomethane (CH2FI) has emerged as an easy-to-handle, non-ozone depleting agent and readily available platform for monofluoromethylation strategies. Recent applications in nucleophilic substitutions, lithiation reactions, transition-metal catalyzed transformations, radical processes, and 18F-radiolabelling chemistry showcase the potential of this reagent for the preparation of organofluorine compounds. In this minireview, we provide an update to the field covering the recent relevant literature on the use of CH2FI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colella
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro" Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Pantaleo Musci
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro" Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Michael Andresini
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro" Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Mauro Spennacchio
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro" Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro" Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Renzo Luisi
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro" Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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13
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Miele M, Castoldi L, Simeone X, Holzer W, Pace V. Straightforward synthesis of bench-stable heteroatom-centered difluoromethylated entities via controlled nucleophilic transfer from activated TMSCHF 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5761-5764. [PMID: 35450981 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00886f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The commercially available and experimentally convenient (bp 65 °C) difluoromethyltrimethylsilane (TMSCHF2) is proposed as a valuable difluoromethylating transfer reagent for delivering the CHF2 moiety to various heteroatom-based electrophiles. Upon activation with an alkoxide, a conceptually intuitive nucleophilic displacement directly furnishes in high yields the bench-stable analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Miele
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Laura Castoldi
- University of Milano - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Xenia Simeone
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14 1090 Vienna, Austria. .,University of Torino - Department of Chemistry, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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14
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Xie Q, Dong G. Programmable Ether Synthesis Enabled by Oxa-Matteson Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8498-8503. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiqiang Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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15
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Xin J, Chen T, Tang P. Direct Trifluoromethylthiolation of Aziridines: Cation-Controlled Diverse Synthesis of Trifluoromethylthiolated Isothiocyanates and Amines. Org Lett 2022; 24:2035-2039. [PMID: 35261244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The direct trifluoromethylthiolation of aziridines with AgSCF3 and iodides is reported. The β-trifluoromethylthiolated isothiocyanates and amines were selectively obtained by the changed cation of iodide. This strategy is tolerant to a wide range of functional groups with good yields and regioselectivities. In addition, the isothiocyanates can be used for further synthetic manipulation, which offered a convenient approach for SCF3-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrui Xin
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tengying Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Pingping Tang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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16
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Helesbeux JJ, Carro L, McCarthy FO, Moreira VM, Giuntini F, O’Boyle N, Matthews SE, Bayraktar G, Bertrand S, Rochais C, Marchand P. 29th Annual GP2A Medicinal Chemistry Conference. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121278. [PMID: 34959677 PMCID: PMC8708472 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 29th Annual GP2A (Group for the Promotion of Pharmaceutical chemistry in Academia) Conference was a virtual event this year due to the COVID-19 pandemic and spanned three days from Wednesday 25 to Friday 27 August 2021. The meeting brought together an international delegation of researchers with interests in medicinal chemistry and interfacing disciplines. Abstracts of keynote lectures given by the 10 invited speakers, along with those of the 8 young researcher talks and the 50 flash presentation posters, are included in this report. Like previous editions, the conference was a real success, with high-level scientific discussions on cutting-edge advances in the fields of pharmaceutical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Carro
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
| | - Florence O. McCarthy
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, College Road, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
| | - Vânia M. Moreira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francesca Giuntini
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Byrom Street Campus, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Niamh O’Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Susan E. Matthews
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
| | - Gülşah Bayraktar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey;
| | - Samuel Bertrand
- Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOmer, Nantes Université, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Christophe Rochais
- UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), Normandie Univ., F-14032 Caen, France;
| | - Pascal Marchand
- Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et du Cancer, IICiMed, Nantes Université, UR 1155, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-253-009-155
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17
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Fu X, Zhang T, Wu J, Sun Y, Wu F. Nickel‐Catalyzed Aminofluoroalkylation of Alkenes: Access to Difluoroalkylated
N
‐Containing Heterocyclic Compounds. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Fu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology Shanghai Institute of Technology 201418 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology Shanghai Institute of Technology 201418 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology Shanghai Institute of Technology 201418 Shanghai P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 200032 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yijie Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology Shanghai Institute of Technology 201418 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Fanhong Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology Shanghai Institute of Technology 201418 Shanghai P. R. China
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18
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Senatore R, Malik M, Langer T, Holzer W, Pace V. Consecutive and Selective Double Methylene Insertion of Lithium Carbenoids to Isothiocyanates: A Direct Assembly of Four-Membered Sulfur-Containing Cycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24854-24858. [PMID: 34534400 PMCID: PMC9293044 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A formal CH2−CH2 homologation conducted with C1 carbenoids on a carbon electrophile for the obtainment of a four‐membered cycle is reported. The logic proposes the consecutive delivery of two single nucleophilic CH2 units to an isothiocyanate—as competent electrophilic partner—resulting in the assembling of a rare imino‐thietane cluster. The single synthetic operation procedure documents genuine chemocontrol, as indicated by the tolerance to various reactive elements decorating the starting materials. Significantly, the double homologation protocol is accomplished directly on a carbon electrophile, thus not requiring the installation of heteroatom‐centered manifolds (e.g. boron).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Senatore
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Malik
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.,University of Turin, Department of Chemistry, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
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19
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Senatore R, Malik M, Langer T, Holzer W, Pace V. Consecutive and Selective Double Methylene Insertion of Lithium Carbenoids to Isothiocyanates: A Direct Assembly of Four‐Membered Sulfur‐Containing Cycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Senatore
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Althanstrasse, 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Monika Malik
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Althanstrasse, 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Althanstrasse, 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Althanstrasse, 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Althanstrasse, 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria
- University of Turin Department of Chemistry Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
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20
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Xie Q, Dong G. Aza-Matteson Reactions via Controlled Mono- and Double-Methylene Insertions into Nitrogen-Boron Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14422-14427. [PMID: 34491049 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Boron-homologation reactions represent an efficient and programmable approach to prepare alkylboronates, which are valuable and versatile synthetic intermediates. The typical boron-homologation reaction, also known as the Matteson reaction, involves formal carbenoid insertions into C-B bonds. Here we report the development of aza-Matteson reactions via carbenoid insertions into the N-B bonds of aminoboranes. By changing the leaving groups of the carbenoids and altering Lewis acid activators, selective mono- and double-methylene insertions can be realized to access various α- and β-boron-substituted tertiary amines, respectively, from common secondary amines. The derivatization of complex amine-containing bioactive molecules, diverse functionalization of the boronate products, and sequential insertions of different carbenoids have also been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqiang Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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21
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Delost MD, Njardarson JT. Mild Darzens Annulations for the Assembly of Trifluoromethylthiolated (SCF 3) Aziridine and Cyclopropane Structures. Org Lett 2021; 23:6121-6125. [PMID: 34292753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report mild new annulation approaches to trisubstituted trifluoromethylthiolated (SCF3) aziridines and cyclopropanes via Darzens inspired protocols. The products of these anionic annulations, rarely studied previously, possess attractive features rendering them valuable building blocks for synthesis platforms. In this study, trisubstituted acetophenone nucleophiles bearing SCF3 and bromine substituents in their α position were shown to undergo [2 + 1] annulations with vinyl ketones and tosyl-protected imines under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Delost
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jon T Njardarson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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22
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Synthesis of stable α-fluoromethyl putative carbanions via a chemoselective reduction-monofluoromethylation sequence of diselenides under sustainable conditions. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.131921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Touqeer S, Ielo L, Miele M, Urban E, Holzer W, Pace V. Direct and straightforward transfer of C1 functionalized synthons to phosphorous electrophiles for accessing gem-P-containing methanes. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2425-2429. [PMID: 33666635 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00273b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The direct transfer of different α-substituted methyllithium reagents to chlorinated phosphorous electrophiles of diverse oxidation state (phosphates, phosphine oxides and phosphines) is proposed as an effective strategy to synthesize geminal P-containing methanes. The methodology relies on the efficient nucleophilic substitution conducted on the P-chlorine linkage. Uniformly high yields are observed regardless the specific nature of the carbanion employed: once established the conditions for generating the competent nucleophile (LiCH2Hal, LiCHHal2, LiCH2CN, LiCH2SeR etc.) the homologated compounds are obtained via a single operation. Some P-containing formal carbanions have been evaluated in transferring processes, including the carbonyl-difluoromethylation of the opioid agent Hydrocodone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Touqeer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Ielo L, Miele M, Pillari V, Senatore R, Mirabile S, Gitto R, Holzer W, Alcántara AR, Pace V. Taking advantage of lithium monohalocarbenoid intrinsic α-elimination in 2-MeTHF: controlled epoxide ring-opening en route to halohydrins. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2038-2043. [PMID: 33599644 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02407d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic degradative α-elimination of Li carbenoids somehow complicates their use in synthesis as C1-synthons. Nevertheless, we herein report how boosting such an α-elimination is a straightforward strategy for accomplishing controlled ring-opening of epoxides to furnish the corresponding β-halohydrins. Crucial for the development of the method is the use of the eco-friendly solvent 2-MeTHF, which forces the degradation of the incipient monohalolithium, due to the very limited stabilizing effect of this solvent on the chemical integrity of the carbenoid. With this approach, high yields of the targeted compounds are consistently obtained under very high regiocontrol and, despite the basic nature of the reagents, no racemization of enantiopure materials is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria. and University of Turin - Department of Chemistry, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Margherita Miele
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Veronica Pillari
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Raffaele Senatore
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Salvatore Mirabile
- University of Messina - Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Palatucci, 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- University of Messina - Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Palatucci, 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrés R Alcántara
- Complutense University of Madrid - Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria. and University of Turin - Department of Chemistry, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
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25
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Andresini M, Degannaro L, Luisi R. A sustainable strategy for the straightforward preparation of 2 H-azirines and highly functionalized NH-aziridines from vinyl azides using a single solvent flow-batch approach. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:203-209. [PMID: 33564330 PMCID: PMC7849244 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The reported flow-batch approach enables the easy preparation of 2H-azirines and their stereoselective transformation into highly functionalized NH-aziridines, starting from vinyl azides and organolithium compounds. The protocol has been developed using cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) as an environmentally benign solvent, resulting into a sustainable, safe and potentially automatable method for the synthesis of interesting strained compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Andresini
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Leonardo Degannaro
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
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26
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Decaens J, Couve-Bonnaire S, Charette AB, Poisson T, Jubault P. Synthesis of Fluoro-, Monofluoromethyl-, Difluoromethyl-, and Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Three-Membered Rings. Chemistry 2021; 27:2935-2962. [PMID: 32939868 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This Minireview describes recent advances toward the synthesis of fluoro-, monofluoromethyl-, difluoromethyl-, and trifluoromethyl-substituted three-membered rings such as cyclopropanes, aziridines, epoxides, episulfides, cyclopropenes, and 2 H-azirines. The main synthetic methodologies since 2016 for cyclopropanes and since 2010 for the other three-membered rings are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Decaens
- INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | | | - André B Charette
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Thomas Poisson
- INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Jubault
- INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
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27
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Pseudo-Dipeptide Bearing α,α-Difluoromethyl Ketone Moiety as Electrophilic Warhead with Activity against Coronaviruses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031398. [PMID: 33573283 PMCID: PMC7866854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of α-fluorinated methyl ketones has always been challenging. New methods based on the homologation chemistry via nucleophilic halocarbenoid transfer, carried out recently in our labs, allowed us to design and synthesize a target-directed dipeptidyl α,α-difluoromethyl ketone (DFMK) 8 as a potential antiviral agent with activity against human coronaviruses. The ability of the newly synthesized compound to inhibit viral replication was evaluated by a viral cytopathic effect (CPE)-based assay performed on MCR5 cells infected with one of the four human coronaviruses associated with respiratory distress, i.e., hCoV-229E, showing antiproliferative activity in the micromolar range (EC50 = 12.9 ± 1.22 µM), with a very low cytotoxicity profile (CC50 = 170 ± 3.79 µM, 307 ± 11.63 µM, and 174 ± 7.6 µM for A549, human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HELFs), and MRC5 cells, respectively). Docking and molecular dynamics simulations studies indicated that 8 efficaciously binds to the intended target hCoV-229E main protease (Mpro). Moreover, due to the high similarity between hCoV-229E Mpro and SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, we also performed the in silico analysis towards the second target, which showed results comparable to those obtained for hCoV-229E Mpro and promising in terms of energy of binding and docking pose.
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28
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Dilchert K, Schmidt M, Großjohann A, Feichtner K, Mulvey RE, Gessner VH. Lösungsmitteleinflüsse auf die Struktur und Stabilität von Alkalimetallcarbenoiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dilchert
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Michelle Schmidt
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Angela Großjohann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
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29
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Dilchert K, Schmidt M, Großjohann A, Feichtner KS, Mulvey RE, Gessner VH. Solvation Effects on the Structure and Stability of Alkali Metal Carbenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:493-498. [PMID: 33006796 PMCID: PMC7821203 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
s‐Block metal carbenoids are carbene synthons and applied in a myriad of organic transformations. They exhibit a strong structure–activity relationship, but this is only poorly understood due to the challenging high reactivity and sensitivity of these reagents. Here, we report on systematic VT and DOSY NMR studies, XRD analyses as well as DFT calculations on a sulfoximinoyl‐substituted model system to explain the pronounced solvent dependency of the carbenoid stability. While the sodium and potassium chloride carbenoids showed high stabilities independent of the solvent, the lithium carbenoid was stable at room temperature in THF but decomposed at −10 °C in toluene. These divergent stabilities could be explained by the different structures formed in solution. In contrast to simple organolithium reagents, the monomeric THF‐solvate was found to be more stable than the dimer in toluene, since the latter more readily forms direct Li/Cl interactions which facilitate decomposition via α‐elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dilchert
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Michelle Schmidt
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Angela Großjohann
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kai-Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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30
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Guo Y, Pei C, Jana S, Koenigs RM. Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Aziridines Via Photocatalytic Amination Reaction. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Guo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Chao Pei
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Sripati Jana
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen D-52074, Germany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen D-52074, Germany
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31
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Ielo L, Pillari V, Miele M, Holzer W, Pace V. Consecutive C1‐Homologation / Displacement Strategy for Converting Thiosulfonates into
O,S‐
Oxothioacetals. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Veronica Pillari
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Margherita Miele
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
- University of Turin Department of Chemistry Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
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32
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Senatore R, Malik M, Touqeer S, Listro R, Collina S, Holzer W, Pace V. Straightforward and direct access to β-seleno- amines and sulfonylamides via the controlled addition of phenylselenomethyllithium (LiCH2SePh) to imines. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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33
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Touqeer S, Senatore R, Malik M, Urban E, Pace V. Modular and Chemoselective Strategy for Accessing (Distinct) α,α‐Dihaloketones from Weinreb Amides and Dihalomethyllithiums. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saad Touqeer
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Raffaele Senatore
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Monika Malik
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
- University of Turin Department of Chemistry Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
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34
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Miele M, Citarella A, Langer T, Urban E, Zehl M, Holzer W, Ielo L, Pace V. Chemoselective Homologation-Deoxygenation Strategy Enabling the Direct Conversion of Carbonyls into ( n+1)-Halomethyl-Alkanes. Org Lett 2020; 22:7629-7634. [PMID: 32910659 PMCID: PMC8011987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The sequential installation
of a carbenoid and a hydride into a
carbonyl, furnishing halomethyl alkyl derivatives, is reported. Despite
the employment of carbenoids as nucleophiles in reactions with carbon-centered
electrophiles, sp3-type alkyl halides remain elusive materials
for selective one-carbon homologations. Our tactic levers on using
carbonyls as starting materials and enables uniformly high yields
and chemocontrol. The tactic is flexible and is not limited to carbenoids.
Also, diverse carbanion-like species can act as nucleophiles, thus
making it of general applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Miele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Citarella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Zehl
- Faculty of Chemistry - Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Ielo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
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35
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Ielo L, Castoldi L, Touqeer S, Lombino J, Roller A, Prandi C, Holzer W, Pace V. Halogen‐Imparted Reactivity in Lithium Carbenoid Mediated Homologations of Imine Surrogates: Direct Assembly of bis‐Trifluoromethyl‐β‐Diketiminates and the Dual Role of LiCH
2
I. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Laura Castoldi
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Saad Touqeer
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Jessica Lombino
- Fondazione Ri.MED Via Bandiera 11 90133 Palermo Italy
- University of Palermo Department STEBICEF Via Archirafi 32 90123 Palermo Italy
| | - Alexander Roller
- University of Vienna X-Ray Structure Analysis Center Waehringerstrasse 42 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Cristina Prandi
- University of Turin Department of Chemistry Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
- University of Turin Department of Chemistry Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
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36
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Ielo L, Castoldi L, Touqeer S, Lombino J, Roller A, Prandi C, Holzer W, Pace V. Halogen‐Imparted Reactivity in Lithium Carbenoid Mediated Homologations of Imine Surrogates: Direct Assembly of bis‐Trifluoromethyl‐β‐Diketiminates and the Dual Role of LiCH
2
I. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20852-20857. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Laura Castoldi
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Saad Touqeer
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Jessica Lombino
- Fondazione Ri.MED Via Bandiera 11 90133 Palermo Italy
- University of Palermo Department STEBICEF Via Archirafi 32 90123 Palermo Italy
| | - Alexander Roller
- University of Vienna X-Ray Structure Analysis Center Waehringerstrasse 42 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Cristina Prandi
- University of Turin Department of Chemistry Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Althanstrasse 14 1090 Vienna Austria
- University of Turin Department of Chemistry Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
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37
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Delost MD, Njardarson JT. Strategic Vinyl Sulfone Nucleophile β-Substitution Significantly Impacts Selectivity in Vinylogous Darzens and Aza-Darzens Reactions. Org Lett 2020; 22:6917-6921. [PMID: 32822201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vinylogous Darzens and aza-Darzens reactions employing a benzothiophene 1,1-dioxide nucleophile are reported. These new [2 + 1] annulation reactions, which proceed under mild reaction conditions, are γ-selective, affording trans-epoxides selectively and favoring trans-aziridines. The reactions are base-dependent, with KOtBu and Cs2CO3 being optimal for aldehyde and imine annulations, respectively. Comparison of the benzothiophene nucleophile to its acyclic counterpart reveals superior performance in the case of aldehydes, while the outcome varies depending on the sulfonamide imine used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Delost
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jon T Njardarson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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38
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Senatore R, Malik M, Spreitzer M, Holzer W, Pace V. Direct and Chemoselective Electrophilic Monofluoromethylation of Heteroatoms ( O-, S-, N-, P-, Se-) with Fluoroiodomethane. Org Lett 2020; 22:1345-1349. [PMID: 32004004 PMCID: PMC7205393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The commercially available fluoroiodomethane represents a valuable and effective electrophilic source for transferring the CH2F unit to a series of heteroatom-centered nucleophiles under mild basic conditions. The excellent manipulability offered by its liquid physical state (bp 53.4 °C) enables practical and straightforward one-step nucleophilic substitutions to retain the chiral information embodied, thus allowing it to overcome de facto the requirement for fluoromethylating agents with no immediate access. The high-yielding methodology was successfully applied to a variety of nucleophiles including a series of drugs currently in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Senatore
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse , 14-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Monika Malik
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse , 14-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Markus Spreitzer
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse , 14-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse , 14-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse , 14-1090 Vienna , Austria
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39
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Nandakumar M, Rubial B, Noble A, Myers EL, Aggarwal VK. Ring-Opening Lithiation-Borylation of 2-Trifluoromethyl Oxirane: A Route to Versatile Tertiary Trifluoromethyl Boronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1187-1191. [PMID: 31710748 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Stereogenic trifluoromethyl-substituted carbon centers are highly sought-after moieties in pharmaceutical and agrochemical discovery. Here, we show that lithiation-borylation reactions of 2-trifluoromethyl oxirane give densely functionalized and highly versatile trifluoromethyl-substituted α-tertiary boronic esters. The intermediate boronate complexes undergo the desired 1,2-rearrangement of the carbon-based group with complete retentive stereospecificity, a process that was only observed in non-polar solvents in the presence of TESOTf. Although the trifluoromethyl group adversely affects subsequent transformations of the α-boryl group, Zweifel olefinations provide trifluoromethyl-bearing quaternary stereocenters substituted with alkenes, alkynes and ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belén Rubial
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Eddie L Myers
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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40
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Abstract
In the review, recent advances in the synthetic applications of trifluoroacetimidoyl halides have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkai Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Sipei Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
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41
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Ielo L, Pillari V, Gajic N, Holzer W, Pace V. Straightforward chemoselective access to unsymmetrical dithioacetals through a thiosulfonate homologation-nucleophilic substitution sequence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12395-12398. [PMID: 32935694 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04896h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A two-step electrophilic sulfur homologation strategy for building up unsymmetrical dithioacetals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ielo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Veronica Pillari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Natalie Gajic
- X-Ray Structure Analysis Center
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
- Department of Chemistry
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42
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Nandakumar M, Rubial B, Noble A, Myers EL, Aggarwal VK. Ring‐Opening Lithiation–Borylation of 2‐Trifluoromethyl Oxirane: A Route to Versatile Tertiary Trifluoromethyl Boronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Belén Rubial
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Eddie L. Myers
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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43
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Kohlbacher SM, Ionasz VS, Ielo L, Pace V. The synthetic versatility of the Tiffeneau–Demjanov chemistry in homologation tactics. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement can be regarded as an interesting alternative to the more common semi-pinacol transposition. It is usually employed for ring extension but, under specific conditions, it can also be used for ring contraction. Compared to other techniques, such as the Demjanov rearrangement or homologations with diazo compounds, the Tiffeneau–Demjanov pathway presents attractive features including high yielding and selective processes. Ring enlargements follow very strict and simple rules, such as the movement of the less substituted carbon and retention of the configuration. The rearrangement process is mainly affected by steric factors, due to presence of neighbouring groups, rather than electronic ones. The ring contraction may be achieved positioning the amine within the ring, thus achieving a high level of control. Unfortunately, applications of the reaction in modern homologation chemistry are rare; therefore, the aim of the review is re-proposing to the synthetic community the versatility of this venerable reaction and thus, spurring its employment for tackling challenging homologations processes.
Graphic abstract
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44
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Liu YP, Zhu CJ, Yu CC, Wang AE, Huang PQ. Tf2
O-Mediated Intermolecular Coupling of Secondary Amides with Enamines or Ketones: A Versatile and Direct Access to β-Enaminones. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Cheng-Jie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Cun-Cun Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Ai-E Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen Fujian China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University; 730000 Lanzhou China
| | - Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen Fujian China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University; 730000 Lanzhou China
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45
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Lauder K, Masci D, Toscani A, Al Mekdad A, Black GW, Brown NL, Turner NJ, Luisi R, Castagnolo D. A facile and regioselective multicomponent synthesis of chiral aryl-1,2-mercaptoamines in water followed by monoamine oxidase (MAO-N) enzymatic resolution. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8982-8986. [PMID: 31584061 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01962f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile microwave assisted three-component protocol allows the synthesis of chiral aryl-1,2-mercaptoamines in water in a few minutes with high yields, bypassing the use of toxic aziridine intermediates. The chiral 1,2-mercaptoamines were then deracemized through enzymatic resolution of the racemates using monoamine oxidase (MAO-N) biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lauder
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
| | - Domiziana Masci
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
| | - Anita Toscani
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
| | - Aya Al Mekdad
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
| | - Gary W Black
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Place, NE1 8ST, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicola L Brown
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Place, NE1 8ST, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, UK
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari"A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
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46
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Miele M, D'Orsi R, Sridharan V, Holzer W, Pace V. Highly chemoselective difluoromethylative homologation of iso(thio)cyanates: expeditious access to unprecedented α,α-difluoro(thio)amides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12960-12963. [PMID: 31602439 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06929a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The new motif - α,α-difluoromethyl thioamide - has been assembled starting from isothiocyanate (as thioamide precursor) and a formal difluoromethyl-carbanion generated from commercially available TMSCHF2. Upon proper activation of this reagent with potassium tert-amylate, the high-yielding transfer of the difluorinated nucleophile takes place under high chemocontrol. Various sensitive functionalities (e.g. ester, nitrile, nitro, azido groups) can be accommodated across the isothiocyanate core, thus allowing a wide scope. The methodology is highly flexible and adaptable to prepare analogous α,α-difluoromethyl oxoamides by conveniently using isocyanates as the electrophilic building-blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Miele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Rosarita D'Orsi
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), 181143, India
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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47
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Amides as surrogates of aldehydes for C-C bond formation: amide-based direct Knoevenagel-type condensation reaction and related reactions. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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48
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Miele M, Citarella A, Micale N, Holzer W, Pace V. Direct and Chemoselective Synthesis of Tertiary Difluoroketones via Weinreb Amide Homologation with a CHF 2-Carbene Equivalent. Org Lett 2019; 21:8261-8265. [PMID: 31599599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The homologation of Weinreb amides into difluoromethylketones with a formal nucleophilic CHF2 transfer agent is reported. Activating TMSCHF2 with potassium tert-amylate enables a convenient access to the difluorinated homologation reagent, which adds to the acylating partners. The high chemoselectivity showcased in the presence of variously multifunctionalized Weinreb amides, jointly with uniformly high yields, enables the strategy of general applicability without requiring any stabilization element for the putative carbanion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Miele
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse, 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Andrea Citarella
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse, 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria.,University of Messina , Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences , Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31 , 98166 Messina , Italy
| | - Nicola Micale
- University of Messina , Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences , Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 31 , 98166 Messina , Italy
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse, 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna , Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Althanstrasse, 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
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49
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Wang S, Huang P. Cross‐Coupling of Secondary Amides with Tertiary Amides: The Use of Tertiary Amides as Surrogates of Alkyl Carbanions for Ketone Synthesis. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu‐Ren Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Pei‐Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
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50
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Chen TT, Wang AE, Huang PQ. Chemoselective Synthesis of α-Amino-α-cyanophosphonates by Reductive Gem-Cyanation-Phosphonylation of Secondary Amides. Org Lett 2019; 21:3808-3812. [PMID: 31059269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to α-amino-α-cyanophosphonates has been developed. The method features a Tf2O-mediated reductive geminal cyanation/phosphonylation of secondary amides. Mild reaction conditions, high bond-forming efficiency, inexpensive readily available starting materials, and good to excellent yields with wide functional group compatibility constitute the main advantages of this method. The protocol can be run on a gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ai-E Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , Fujian , China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , Fujian , China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
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