1
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Maeda M, De Feyter S, Tahara K. Chiral Solvent-Induced Homochiral Hierarchical Molecular Assemblies at the Liquid/Solid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:15071-15079. [PMID: 38982679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
We herein investigate the formation of homochiral hierarchical self-assembled molecular networks (SAMNs) via chirality induction by the coadsorption of a chiral solvent at the liquid/graphite interface by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). In a mixture of achiral solvents, 1-hexanoic acid, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, an achiral dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (DBA) derivative with three alkoxy and three hydroxy groups in an alternating manner forms chiral hierarchical triangular cluster structures through dynamic self-sorting. Enantiomorphous domains appear in equal probability. On the other hand, in chiral 2-methyl-1-hexanoic acid as a solvent, this molecule produces (i) homochiral small triangular clusters at a low solute concentration, (ii) a chirality-biased hierarchical structure consisting of triangular cluster structures with different cluster sizes at a medium concentration, and (iii) a dense structure with no chirality bias at a high concentration. We attribute the concentration-dependent degree of the chirality transmission to the number of coadsorbed solvent molecules in the SAMNs and to the difference in nucleus structure and size in the initial stage of the SAMN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matsuhiro Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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2
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Wen X, Wang F, Du S, Jiang Y, Zhang L, Liu M. Achiral Solvent Inversed Helical Pathway and Cosolvent Controlled Excited-State "Majority Rule" in Enantiomeric Dansulfonamide Assemblies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401954. [PMID: 38733233 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Achiral solvents are commonly utilized to induce the self-assembly of chiral molecules. This study demonstrates that achiral solvents can trigger helicity inversion in the assemblies of dansyl amphiphiles and control the excited-state "majority rule" in assemblies composed of pure enantiomers, through variation of the cosolvent ratio. Specifically, enantiomers of dansyl amphiphiles self-assemble into helical structures with opposite handedness in methanol (MeOH) and acetonitrile (MeCN), together with inversed circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signals. When a mixture of MeOH and MeCN is employed, the achiral cosolvents collectively affect the CPL of the assemblies in a way similar to that of "mixed enantiomers". The dominant cosolvent governs the CPL signal. As the cosolvent composition shifts from pure MeCN to MeOH, the CPL signals undergo a significant inversion and amplification, with two maxima observed at ≈20% MeOH and 20% MeCN. This study deepens the comprehension of how achiral solvents modulate helical nanostructures and their excited-state chiroptical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fulin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sifan Du
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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3
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Ikai T, Morita Y, Majima T, Takeda S, Ishidate R, Oki K, Suzuki N, Ohtani H, Aoi H, Maeda K, Okoshi K, Yashima E. Control of One-Handed Helicity in Polyacetylenes: Impact of an Extremely Small Amount of Chiral Substituents. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24862-24876. [PMID: 37930639 PMCID: PMC10825823 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the one-handed helicity in synthetic polymers is crucial for developing helical polymer-based advanced chiral materials. We now report that an extremely small amount of chiral biphenylylacetylene (BPA) monomers (ca. 0.3-0.5 mol %) allows complete control of the one-handed helicity throughout the polymer chains mostly composed of achiral BPAs. Chiral substituents introduced at the 2-position of the biphenyl units of BPA positioned in the vicinity of the polymer backbones contribute to a significant amplification of the helical bias, as interpreted by theoretical modeling and simulation. The helical structures, such as the helical pitch and absolute helical handedness (right- or left-handed helix) of the one-handed helical copolymers, were unambiguously determined by high-resolution atomic force microscopy combined with X-ray diffraction. The exceptionally strong helix-biasing power of the chiral BPA provides a highly durable and practically useful chiral material for the separation of enantiomers in chromatography by copolymerization of an achiral functional BPA with a small amount of the chiral BPA (0.5 mol %) due to the robust helical scaffold of the one-handed helical copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Ikai
- Department
of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Precursory
Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yuki Morita
- Department
of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Majima
- Department
of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shoki Takeda
- Department
of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ryoma Ishidate
- Department
of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kosuke Oki
- Department
of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Nozomu Suzuki
- Department
of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hajime Ohtani
- Department
of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromi Aoi
- Department
of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Maeda
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Nano
Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa
University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kento Okoshi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose
Institute of Science and Technology, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-8655, Japan
| | - Eiji Yashima
- Department
of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Department
of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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4
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Albano G, Taddeucci A, Pescitelli G, Di Bari L. Spatially Resolved Chiroptical Spectroscopies Emphasizing Recent Applications to Thin Films of Chiral Organic Dyes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301982. [PMID: 37515814 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Instrumental techniques able to identify and structurally characterize the aggregation states in thin films of chiral organic π-conjugated materials, from the first-order supramolecular arrangement up to the microscopic and mesoscopic scale, are very helpful for clarifying structure-property relationships. Chiroptical imaging is currently gaining a central role, for its ability of mapping local supramolecular structures in thin films. The present review gives an overview of electronic circular dichroism imaging (ECDi), circularly polarized luminescence imaging (CPLi), and vibrational circular dichroism imaging (VCDi), with a focus on their applications on thin films of chiral organic dyes as case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Taddeucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Diamond Light Source, Ltd., Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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5
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Deng Z, Sun Y, Guan S, Chen A. Azobenzene-Containing Liquid Crystalline Twisted Ribbons via Polymerization-Induced Hierarchical Self-Assembly. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300361. [PMID: 37534616 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly incorporating liquid crystallization, as a polymerization-induced hierarchical self-assembly (PIHSA) method to produce polymeric particles with anisotropic morphologies facilely and efficiently, has drawn wide attention recently. However, the means of regulating the morphologies of liquid crystalline (LC) polymer assemblies still need to be explored. Herein, a route is presented to fabricate the twisted ribbons via PIHSA containing azobenzene based on poor reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) control, called poorly controlled PIHSA. Cyano-4-(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl pentanoic acid-2-(2-pyridyldithio) ethyl ester is used as the RAFT agent with poor controllability, and the morphological evolution from ribbons to twisted ribbons can be observed in the corresponding PIHSA system. The formation mechanism of the twisted ribbons is studied systematically and the broad molecular weight distribution is considered to be the decisive factor. Moreover, the supramolecular chirality induced by symmetry breaking is also related to the twist of the ribbons. This study enriches the methods of controlling the morphologies of LC polymer particles and is helpful for further clarifying the mechanism of PIHSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yalan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Song Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Aihua Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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6
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Shi W, Liang K, Wang R, Liu J, Lu C. Biased Symmetry Breaking in the Formation of Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxides: toward Control of Homochiral Supramolecular Assembly. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303497. [PMID: 37376810 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Homochiral supramolecular assembly (HSA) based on achiral molecules has provided important clues to understand the origin of biological homochirality from the aspect of symmetry breaking. However, planar achiral molecules still face the challenge of forming HSA due to the lack of driving force for twisted stacking, which is a prerequisite for homochirality. Here, with the benefit of the formation of 2D intercalated layered double hydroxide (LDH, host-guest nanomaterials) in vortex motion, planar achiral guest molecules can form the chiral units with spatially asymmetrical structure in the confinement space of LDH. Once the LDH is removed, these chiral units are in a thermodynamic non-equilibrium state, which can be amplified to HSA by self-replicating. Especially, the homochiral bias can be predicted in advance by controlling the vortex direction. Therefore, this study breaks the bottleneck of complicated molecular design and provides a new technology to achieve HSA made of planar achiral molecules with definite handedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Kaixiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ruixing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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7
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Caimi F, Zanchetta G. Twisted Structures in Natural and Bioinspired Molecules: Self-Assembly and Propagation of Chirality Across Multiple Length Scales. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17350-17361. [PMID: 37251126 PMCID: PMC10210192 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Several biomolecules can form dynamic aggregates in water, whose nanometric structures often reflect the chirality of the monomers in unexpected ways. Their twisted organization can be further propagated to the mesoscale, in chiral liquid crystalline phases, and even to the macroscale, where chiral, layered architectures contribute to the chromatic and mechanical properties of various plant, insect, and animal tissues. At all scales, the resulting organization is determined by a subtle balance among chiral and nonchiral interactions, whose understanding and fine-tuning is fundamental also for applications. We present recent advances in the chiral self-assembly and mesoscale ordering of biological and bioinspired molecules in water, focusing on systems based on nucleic acids or related aromatic molecules, oligopeptides, and their hybrid stuctures. We highlight the common features and key mechanisms governing this wide range of phenomena, together with novel characterization approaches.
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8
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Li SY, Chen T, Chen Q, Wang D, Zhu G. Concentration-modulated global organizational chirality at the liquid/solid interface. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2646-2651. [PMID: 36908959 PMCID: PMC9993838 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06746c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the origin of homochirality in macroscopic assemblies and manipulating organizational chirality still remain a challenge. Herein, homochirality is achieved by combination of the majority-rules principle and concentration-dependent molecular assembly at the liquid/solid interface. A lower molecular concentration in solution facilitates more efficient amplification of chirality, which is formulated by a cooperative equilibrium model based on the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Our results contribute to gain a new insight into chiral amplification in supramolecular assemblies. Particularly, a homochiral monolayer can be obtained just through modulating the molecular concentration in mixed enantiomer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
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9
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Zong Y, Xu SM, Shi W, Lu C. Chiral Hierarchical Architecture Induced by Confinement-Assisted Living Supramolecular Polymerization of Simple Achiral Molecules. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3838-3846. [PMID: 36779509 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chiral supramolecular assembly (CSA) based on achiral molecules has provided important clues to understand the origin of biological chirality. However, a simple achiral monomer faces the challenge of chiral stacking with the absence of a chiral resource. The difficulty is that simple achiral monomer lacks steric repulsion to provide asymmetry during hierarchical assembly, which is a prerequisite for chiral stacking with an angle. Moreover, during chiral stacking of achiral molecules or units, the right-handed and left-handed chiral supramolecular isomers (CSIs) are equally formed due to the mirror-imaged conformation, which leads to chirality silence. Here, with the benefit of two-dimensional confinement space of layered double hydroxide (LDH), simple achiral molecules can be arranged to staggered bilayer arrays by imprinting the topological structure of LDH. Once LDH is removed, these staggered arrays can form asymmetric living seeds, which can further elongate to living units with the advantage of living supramolecular polymerization (LSP) by following off-pathway. Due to the asymmetry of living units, the possible chiral stacking outcomes, CSIs, are not mirror-imaged. With the increase of the molecular number in living units, the energy difference between CSIs can be amplified by self-replication of LSP, leading to handedness preference. Thus, the detectable CSA is mainly derived from the CSI with energetically favored hierarchical structure. Thus, our strategy breaks the stereotype that the complex molecular structure and symmetry breaking mechanism are necessary for the formation of detectable CSA by achiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingtong Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, 341000 Ganzhou, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Si-Min Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, 341000 Ganzhou, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Wenying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, P. Box 98, 100029 Beijing, P. R. China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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10
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Saito T, Kajitani T, Yagai S. Amplification of Molecular Asymmetry during the Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Foldable Azobenzene Dyads into Nanotoroids and Nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:443-454. [PMID: 36574732 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The amplification of molecular asymmetry through self-assembly is a phenomenon that not only comprehends the origin of homochirality in nature but also produces chiroptically active functional materials from molecules with minimal enantiomeric purity. Understanding how molecular asymmetry can be transferred and amplified into higher-order structures in a hierarchical self-assembly system is important but still unexplored. Herein, we present an intriguing example of the amplification of molecular asymmetry in hierarchically self-assembled nanotubes that feature discrete and isolatable toroidal intermediates. The hierarchical self-assembly is initiated via asymmetric intramolecular folding of scissor-shaped azobenzene dyads furnished with chiral side chains. When scalemic mixtures of the enantiomers are dissolved in a non-polar solvent and cooled to 20 °C, single-handed nanotoroids are formed, as confirmed using atomic force microscopy and circular dichroism analyses. A strong majority-rules effect at the nanotoroid level is observed and can be explained by a low mismatch penalty and a high helix-reversal penalty. The single-handed nanotoroids stack upon cooling to 0 °C to exclusively afford their respective single-handed nanotubes. Thus, the same degree of amplification of molecular asymmetry is realized at the nanotube level. The internal packing efficiency of molecules within nanotubes prepared from the pure enantiomers or their scalemic mixtures is likely different, as suggested by the absence of higher-order structure (supercoil) formation in the latter. X-ray diffraction analysis of the anisotropically oriented nanotube films revealed looser molecular packing within the scalemic nanotubes, which clearly reflects the lower enantiomeric purity of their internal chiral side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuho Saito
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- Open Facility development office, Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Academic Research (IAAR), Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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11
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Schuster GB, Hud NV, Alenaizan A. Structural and Thermodynamic Control of Supramolecular Polymers and DNA Assemblies with Cyanuric Acid: Influence of Substituents and Intermolecular Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:10758-10767. [PMID: 36502412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions and thermodynamic parameters that govern the structure and stability of supramolecular polymers is challenging because of their flexible nature and high sensitivity to weak intermolecular interactions. The application of both experimental and computational analyses reveals the role that substituents on cyanuric acid (Cy), and other nitrogen-containing heterocycles, play in the formation of novel helical supramolecular structures. In this report, we focus on how noncovalent interactions, including steric and stacking interactions, modulate the structural and physical properties of these assemblies. In-depth analyses and several examples of critical steric and electrostatic effects provide insight into the relationship between intermolecular interactions of Cy with nucleic acids and the structure and thermodynamic stability of the supramolecular polymers they form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary B Schuster
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Nicholas V Hud
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Asem Alenaizan
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Ikai T, Anzai S, Oki K, Yashima E. Amplification of macromolecular helicity of poly(biphenylylacetylene)s composed of a small amount of chiral [5]helicene units. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Ikai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Saitama Japan
| | - Shun Anzai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Kosuke Oki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Eiji Yashima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
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13
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Mayer LC, Heitsch S, Trapp O. Nonlinear Effects in Asymmetric Catalysis by Design: Concept, Synthesis, and Applications. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3345-3361. [PMID: 36351215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric synthesis constitutes a key technology for the preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds as well as for the selective control of individual stereocenters in the synthesis of complex compounds. It is thus of extraordinary importance for the synthesis of chiral drugs, dietary supplements, flavors, and fragrances, as well as novel materials with tunable and reconfigurable chiroptical properties or the assembly of complex natural products. Typically, enantiomerically pure catalysts are used for this purpose. To prepare enantiomerically pure ligands or organocatalysts, one can make use of the natural chiral pool. Ligands and organocatalysts with an atropisomeric biphenyl and binaphthyl system have become popular, as they are configurationally stable and contain a C2-symmetric skeleton, which has been found to be particularly privileged. For catalysts with opposite configurations, both product enantiomers can be obtained. Configurationally flexible biphenyl systems initially appeared to be unsuitable for this purpose, as they racemize after successful enantiomer separation and thus are neither storable nor afford a reproducible enantioselectivity. However, there are strategies that exploit the dynamics of such ligands to stereoconvergently enrich one of the catalyst enantiomers. This can be achieved, for example, by coordinating an enantiomerically pure additive to a ligand-metal complex, which results in deracemization of the configurationally flexible biphenyl system, thereby enriching the thermodynamically preferred diastereomer. In this Account, we present our strategy to design stereochemically flexible catalysts that combine the properties of supramolecular recognition, stereoconvergent alignment, and catalysis. Such systems are capable to recognize the chirality of the target product, leading to an increase in enantioselectivity during asymmetric catalysis. We have systematically developed and investigated these smart catalyst systems and have found ways to specifically design and synthesize them for various applications. In addition to (i) reaction product-induced chiral amplification, we have developed systems with (ii) intermolecular and (iii) intramolecular recognition, and successfully applied them in asymmetric catalysis. Our results pave the way for new applications such as temperature-controlled enantioselectivity, controlled inversion of enantioselectivity with the same chirality of the recognition unit, generation of positive nonlinear effects, and targeted design of autocatalytic systems through dynamic formation of transient catalysts. Understanding such systems is of enormous importance for catalytic processes leading to symmetry breaking and amplification of small imbalances of enantiomers and offer a possible explanation of homochirality of biological systems. In addition, we are learning how to target supramolecular interactions to enhance enantioselectivities in asymmetric catalysis through secondary double stereocontrol. Configurationally flexible catalysts will enable future resource-efficient development of asymmetric syntheses, as enantioselectivities can be fully switched by stereoselective alignment of the stereochemically flexible ligand core on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena C Mayer
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Simone Heitsch
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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14
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Spatiotemporal segregation of chiral supramolecular polymers. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Sallembien Q, Bouteiller L, Crassous J, Raynal M. Possible chemical and physical scenarios towards biological homochirality. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3436-3476. [PMID: 35377372 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01179k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The single chirality of biological molecules in terrestrial biology raises more questions than certitudes about its origin. The emergence of biological homochirality (BH) and its connection with the appearance of life have elicited a large number of theories related to the generation, amplification and preservation of a chiral bias in molecules of life under prebiotically relevant conditions. However, a global scenario is still lacking. Here, the possibility of inducing a significant chiral bias "from scratch", i.e. in the absence of pre-existing enantiomerically-enriched chemical species, will be considered first. It includes phenomena that are inherent to the nature of matter itself, such as the infinitesimal energy difference between enantiomers as a result of violation of parity in certain fundamental interactions, and physicochemical processes related to interactions between chiral organic molecules and physical fields, polarized particles, polarized spins and chiral surfaces. The spontaneous emergence of chirality in the absence of detectable chiral physical and chemical sources has recently undergone significant advances thanks to the deracemization of conglomerates through Viedma ripening and asymmetric auto-catalysis with the Soai reaction. All these phenomena are commonly discussed as plausible sources of asymmetry under prebiotic conditions and are potentially accountable for the primeval chiral bias in molecules of life. Then, several scenarios will be discussed that are aimed to reflect the different debates about the emergence of BH: extra-terrestrial or terrestrial origin (where?), nature of the mechanisms leading to the propagation and enhancement of the primeval chiral bias (how?) and temporal sequence between chemical homochirality, BH and life emergence (when?). Intense and ongoing theories regarding the emergence of optically pure molecules at different moments of the evolution process towards life, i.e. at the levels of building blocks of Life, of the instructed or functional polymers, or even later at the stage of more elaborated chemical systems, will be critically discussed. The underlying principles and the experimental evidence will be commented for each scenario with particular attention on those leading to the induction and enhancement of enantiomeric excesses in proteinogenic amino acids, natural sugars, and their intermediates or derivatives. The aim of this review is to propose an updated and timely synopsis in order to stimulate new efforts in this interdisciplinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Sallembien
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
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16
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On the Photostability of Cyanuric Acid and Its Candidature as a Prebiotic Nucleobase. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041184. [PMID: 35208973 PMCID: PMC8875432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyanuric acid is a triazine derivative that has been identified from reactions performed under prebiotic conditions and has been proposed as a prospective precursor of ancestral RNA. For cyanuric acid to have played a key role during the prebiotic era, it would have needed to survive the harsh electromagnetic radiation conditions reaching the Earth’s surface during prebiotic times (≥200 nm). Therefore, the photostability of cyanuric acid would have been crucial for its accumulation during the prebiotic era. To evaluate the putative photostability of cyanuric acid in water, in this contribution, we employed density functional theory (DFT) and its time-dependent variant (TD-DFT) including implicit and explicit solvent effects. The calculations predict that cyanuric acid has an absorption maximum at ca. 160 nm (7.73 eV), with the lowest-energy absorption band extending to ca. 200 nm in an aqueous solution and exhibiting negligible absorption at longer wavelengths. Excitation of cyanuric acid at 160 nm or longer wavelengths leads to the population of S5,6 singlet states, which have ππ* character and large oscillator strengths (0.8). The population reaching the S5,6 states is expected to internally convert to the S1,2 states in an ultrafast time scale. The S1,2 states, which have nπ* character, are predicted to access a conical intersection with the ground state in a nearly barrierless fashion (ca. ≤ 0.13 eV), thus efficiently returning the population to the ground state. Furthermore, based on calculated spin–orbit coupling elements of ca. 6 to 8 cm−1, the calculations predict that intersystem crossing to the triplet manifold should play a minor role in the electronic relaxation of cyanuric acid. We have also calculated the vertical ionization energy of cyanuric acid at 8.2 eV, which predicts that direct one-photon ionization of cyanuric acid should occur at ca. 150 nm. Collectively, the quantum-chemical calculations predict that cyanuric acid would have been highly photostable under the solar radiation conditions reaching the Earth’s surface during the prebiotic era in an aqueous solution. Of relevance to the chemical origin of life and RNA-first theories, these observations lend support to the idea that cyanuric acid could have accumulated in large quantities during the prebiotic era and thus strengthens its candidature as a relevant prebiotic nucleobase.
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17
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Okuda S, Ousaka N, Iwata T, Ishida R, Urushima A, Suzuki N, Nagano S, Ikai T, Yashima E. Supramolecular Helical Assemblies of Dirhodium(II) Paddlewheels with 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane: A Remarkable Substituent Effect on the Helical Sense Preference and Amplification of the Helical Handedness Excess of Metallo-Supramolecular Helical Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2775-2792. [PMID: 35119857 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report unique coordination-driven supramolecular helical assemblies of a series of dirhodium(II) tetracarboxylate paddlewheels bearing chiral phenyl- or methyl-substituted amide-bound m-terphenyl residues with triethylene glycol monomethyl ether (TEG) or n-dodecyl tails through a 1:1 complexation with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO). The chiral dirhodium complexes with DABCO in CHCl3/n-hexane (1:1) form one-handed helical coordination polymers with a controlled propeller chirality at the m-terphenyl groups, which are stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen-bonding networks between the adjacent amide groups at the periphery mainly via a cooperative nucleation-elongation mechanism as supported by circular dichroism (CD), vibrational CD, and variable-temperature (VT) absorption and CD analyses. The VT visible-absorption titrations revealed the temperature-dependent changes in the degree of polymerization. The columnar supramolecular helical structures were elucidated by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The helix sense of the homopolymer carrying the bulky phenyl and n-dodecyl substituents is opposite those of other chiral homopolymers despite having the same absolute configuration at the pendants. A remarkably strong "sergeants and soldiers" (S&S) effect was observed in most of the chiral/achiral copolymers, while the copolymers of the bulky chiral phenyl-substituted dirhodium complexes with n-dodecyl chains displayed an "abnormal" S&S effect accompanied by an inversion of the helix sense, which could be switched to a "normal" S&S effect by changing the solvent composition. A nonracemic dirhodium complex of 20% enantiomeric excess bearing the less bulky chiral methyl substituents with n-dodecyl chains assembled with DABCO to form an almost one-handed helix (the "majority rule" (MR) effect), whereas the three other nonracemic copolymers showed a weak MR effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Okuda
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Naoki Ousaka
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.,Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takuya Iwata
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Riku Ishida
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Akio Urushima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Nozomu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ikai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Eiji Yashima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.,Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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18
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Zhou L, He K, Liu N, Wu ZQ. Recent advances in asymmetric organocatalysis based on helical polymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00483f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The significant research progress (from 2011 to 2021) in artificial helical polymers, such as polyacetylenes, polyisocyanides, polycarbenes, etc., in the fields of asymmetric organocatalysis is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China
| | - Kai He
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zong-Quan Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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19
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Mangalath S, Karunakaran SC, Newnam G, Schuster GB, Hud NV. Supramolecular assembly-enabled homochiral polymerization of short (dA) n oligonucleotides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13602-13605. [PMID: 34852364 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05420a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A goal of supramolecular chemistry is to create covalent polymers of precise composition and stereochemistry from complex mixtures by the reversible assembly of specific monomers prior to covalent bond formation. We illustrate the power of this approach with short oligomers of deoxyadenosine monophosphate ((dA)n3'p), n ≥ 3, which form supramolecular assemblies with cyanuric acid. The addition of a condensing agent to these assemblies results in their selective, non-enzymatic polymerization to form long polymers (e.g., (dA)1003'p). Significantly, mixtures of D- and L-(dA)53'p form homochiral covalent polymers, which demonstrates self-sorting of racemic monomers and covalent bond formation exclusively in homochiral assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith Mangalath
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
| | - Suneesh C Karunakaran
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
| | - Gary Newnam
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
| | - Gary B Schuster
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
| | - Nicholas V Hud
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
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20
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Fa S, Mizobata M, Nagano S, Suetsugu K, Kakuta T, Yamagishi TA, Ogoshi T. Reversible "On/Off" Chiral Amplification of Pillar[5]arene Assemblies by Dual External Stimuli. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16794-16801. [PMID: 34542992 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report dual-stimuli, thermo- and photostimuli, responsive chiral assemblies, of planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes with azobenzene groups on their rims. The azobenzene-substituted planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes were synthesized by copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition "click" reaction of azide-substituted planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes containing S or R stereogenic carbon atoms with an alkyne-substituted azobenzene. These decaazides with stereogenic carbons could act as starting points for a large library of planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes. Homeotropic alignment of azobenzenes, caused by the mesogenic property of the azobenzene groups, was induced by annealing a film of the azobenzene-substituted planar-chiral pillar[5]arenes. The alignment resulted in chiral propagation from the planar-chiral pillar[5]arene cores to the azobenzene area and caused significant chiral amplification consequently. These aligned chiral assemblies were collapsed by trans to cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene groups, resulting in chiral amplification off, and reconstructed by cis to trans thermo-isomerization, again turning on the chiral amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mizobata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Kota Suetsugu
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kakuta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tada-Aki Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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21
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22
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Ikai T, Ando M, Ito M, Ishidate R, Suzuki N, Maeda K, Yashima E. Emergence of Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Activity in a Helical Polymer Mediated by Deracemization of Racemic Pendants. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12725-12735. [PMID: 34347469 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Any polymers composed of racemic repeating units are obviously optically inactive and hence chiral functions, such as asymmetric catalysis, will not be expected at all. Contrary to such a preconceived notion, we report an unprecedented helical polymer-based highly enantioselective organocatalyst prepared by polymerization of a racemic monomer with no catalytic activity. Both the right- and left-handed helical poly(biarylylacetylene)s (PBAs) composed of dynamically racemic 2-arylpyridyl-N-oxide monomer units with N-oxide moieties located in the vicinity of the helical polymer backbone can be produced by noncovalent interaction with a chiral alcohol through deracemization of the biaryl pendants. The macromolecular helicity and the axial chirality induced in the PBAs are retained ("memorized") after complete removal of the chiral alcohol. Accordingly, the helical PBAs with dual static memory of the helicity and axial chirality show remarkable enantioselectivity (86% ee) for the asymmetric allylation of benzaldehyde. The enantioselectivity is slightly lower than that (96% ee) of the homochiral PBAs prepared from the corresponding enantiopure (R)- and (S)-monomers, but is comparable to that (88% ee) of the helical PBA composed of nonracemic monomers of ca. 60% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Ikai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mitsuka Ando
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masaki Ito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ryoma Ishidate
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Nozomu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Eiji Yashima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.,Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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23
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Liang J, Liang J, Hao A, Xing P. Symmetry breaking-induced double-strand helices in H-bonded coassembly. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12929-12937. [PMID: 34477776 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02515e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Double-strand helical structures are important in information storage of biomacromolecules, while the artificial synthesis depends on chirality transfer from the molecular to supramolecular scale, and the synthesis through symmetry breaking has yet been accomplished. In this work, we present the multiple-constituent coassembly of a melamine derivative and an N-terminal aromatic amino acid into double helical nanoarchitectures via symmetry breaking. Multiple intramolecular H-bond formation between constituents played key roles in directing the formation of helical structures. Intertwining of single helices with identical helical parameters afforded double helical structures, benefiting from the uniformity and monodispersity of nanoarchitectures. With introduction of coded chiral amino acid derivatives as chiral sources, the handedness could be readily manipulated with exclusive correlation to the absolute chirality of amino acids. Molecular flexibility of the melamine derivative facilitates the propeller-shaped complex formation to afford helical columnar coassemblies and double helical structures. This work presents a rational control over the emergence and properties of double helical structures in multiple-constituent coassemblies through symmetry breaking, which provides an alternative method towards the synthesis of topological chiral composites and chiroptical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Huang SY, Singh AK, Huang JS. Signal and noise analysis for chiral structured illumination microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:23056-23072. [PMID: 34614578 DOI: 10.1364/oe.425670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, chiral structured illumination microscopy has been proposed to image fluorescent chiral domains at sub-wavelength resolution. Chiral structured illumination microscopy is based on the combination of structured illumination microscopy, fluorescence-detected circular dichroism, and optical chirality engineering. Since circular dichroism of natural chiral molecules is typically weak, the differential fluorescence is also weak and can be easily buried by the noise, hampering the fidelity of the reconstructed images. In this work, we systematically study the impact of the noise on the quality and resolution of chiral domain images obtained by chiral SIM. We analytically describe the signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstructed chiral SIM image in the Fourier domain and verify our theoretical calculations with numerical demonstrations. Accordingly, we discuss the feasibility of chiral SIM in different experimental scenarios and propose possible strategies to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio for samples with weak circular dichroism.
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25
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Schuster GB, Cafferty BJ, Karunakaran SC, Hud NV. Water-Soluble Supramolecular Polymers of Paired and Stacked Heterocycles: Assembly, Structure, Properties, and a Possible Path to Pre-RNA. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9279-9296. [PMID: 34152760 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that RNA and DNA are products of chemical and biological evolution has motivated our search for alternative nucleic acids that may have come earlier in the emergence of life-polymers that possess a proclivity for covalent and non-covalent self-assembly not exhibited by RNA. Our investigations have revealed a small set of candidate ancestral nucleobases that self-assemble into hexameric rosettes that stack in water to form long, twisted, rigid supramolecular polymers. These structures exhibit properties that provide robust solutions to long-standing problems that have stymied the search for a prebiotic synthesis of nucleic acids. Moreover, their examination by experimental and computational methods provides insight into the chemical and physical principles that govern a particular class of water-soluble one-dimensional supramolecular polymers. In addition to efficient self-assembly, their lengths and polydispersity are modulated by a wide variety of positively charged, planar compounds; their assembly and disassembly are controlled over an exceedingly narrow pH range; they exhibit spontaneous breaking of symmetry; and homochirality emerges through non-covalent cross-linking during hydrogel formation. Some of these candidate ancestral nucleobases spontaneously form glycosidic bonds with ribose and other sugars, and, most significantly, functionalized forms of these heterocycles form supramolecular structures and covalent polymers under plausibly prebiotic conditions. This Perspective recounts a journey of discovery that continues to reveal attractive answers to questions concerning the origins of life and to uncover the principles that control the structure and properties of water-soluble supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary B Schuster
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Brian J Cafferty
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Suneesh C Karunakaran
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Nicholas V Hud
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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26
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Naranjo C, Dorca Y, Ghosh G, Gómez R, Fernández G, Sánchez L. Chain-capper effect to bias the amplification of asymmetry in supramolecular polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4500-4503. [PMID: 33956018 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00740h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The kinetically controlled amplification of asymmetry experienced in the co-assembly of chiral tribiphenylaminetricarboxamides (S)-1 and (R)-1 is investigated. The formation of metastable monomeric species through intramolecular H-bonds retards the efficient amplification of asymmetry due to a chain-capper effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Naranjo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Yeray Dorca
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Alenaizan A, Borca CH, Karunakaran SC, Kendall AK, Stubbs G, Schuster GB, Sherrill CD, Hud NV. X-ray Fiber Diffraction and Computational Analyses of Stacked Hexads in Supramolecular Polymers: Insight into Self-Assembly in Water by Prospective Prebiotic Nucleobases. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6079-6094. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asem Alenaizan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Carlos H. Borca
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Suneesh C. Karunakaran
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Amy K. Kendall
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Gerald Stubbs
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Gary B. Schuster
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - C. David Sherrill
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0765, United States
| | - Nicholas V. Hud
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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28
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Iwaura R, Komba S, Kajiki T. Supramolecular fibrous gels with helical pitch tunable by polarity of alcohol solvents. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1773-1778. [PMID: 33393948 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02136a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A sugar-based, low-molecular-weight gelator 16AG, can gelatinize primary alcohols by forming supramolecular fibers. We obtained non-helical, tape-like fibers in methanol and ethanol but helical fibers in alcohols with at least three carbons. The pitch of the helical fibers became shorter with increasing carbon number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Iwaura
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
| | - Shiro Komba
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
| | - Takahito Kajiki
- SUNUS Co., Ltd., 3-20 Nan-ei, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 891-0196, Japan
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29
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Alenaizan A, Fauché K, Krishnamurthy R, Sherrill CD. Noncovalent Helicene Structure between Nucleic Acids and Cyanuric Acid. Chemistry 2021; 27:4043-4052. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asem Alenaizan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0400 USA
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0400 USA
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Kévin Fauché
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - C. David Sherrill
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0400 USA
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0400 USA
- NSF-NASA Center for Chemical Evolution Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- School of Computational Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0765 USA
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30
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Abstract
This review surveys recent progress towards robust chiral nanostructure fabrication techniques using synthetic helical polymers, the unique inferred properties that these materials possess, and their intricate connection to natural, biological chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James F. Reuther
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts Lowell
- Lowell
- USA
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31
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Trapp O. Efficient Amplification in Soai's Asymmetric Autocatalysis by a Transient Stereodynamic Catalyst. Front Chem 2020; 8:615800. [PMID: 33363117 PMCID: PMC7755983 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.615800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms leading to a molecular evolution and the formation of homochirality in nature are interconnected and a key to the underlying principles that led to the emergence of life. So far proposed mechanisms leading to a non-linear reaction behavior are based mainly on the formation of homochiral and heterochiral dimers. Since homochiral and heterochiral dimers are diastereomers of each other, the minor enantiomer is shifted out of equilibrium with the major enantiomer by dimer formation and thus a reaction or catalysis can be dominated by the remaining molecules of the major enantiomer. In this article a mechanism is shown that leads to homochirality by the formation of a highly catalytically active transient intermediate in a stereodynamically controlled reaction. This is demonstrated by Soai's asymmetric autocatalysis, in which aldehydes are transformed into the corresponding alcohols by addition of dialkylzinc reagents. The mechanism of chirogenesis proposed here shows that an apparently inefficient reaction is the best prerequisite for a selection mechanism. In addition, stereodynamic control offers the advantage that the minor diastereomeric intermediate can be interconverted into the major diastereomer and thus be stereoeconomically efficient. This is supported by computer simulation of reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Trapp
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Raee E, Li H, Sun X, Ustriyana P, Luo J, Chen J, Sahai N, Liu T. Strong Enantiomeric Preference on the Macroion-Counterion Interaction Induced by Weakly Associated Chiral Counterions. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9958-9966. [PMID: 33085899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of chiral counterions on the attraction and self-assembly of chiral Pd12L24 metal organic cages (MOCs) with NO3- being the original counterion is studied by laser light scattering and isothermal titration calorimetry. Nitrates can trigger the self-assembly of macrocationic Pd12L24 into hollow spherical blackberry-type supramolecular structures via counterion-mediated attraction. Although chiral counteranions, such as N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-alanine (Boc-Ala), have weaker interaction with the MOCs compared to NO3-, they can induce different assembly behaviors between two enantiomeric MOCs by inhibiting the MOC-nitrate binding and weakening the interaction between them. The d-counterions are capable of selectively suppressing and slowing down the assembly of l-MOCs and also considerably decreasing their assembly size due to the much weaker MOC-nitrate interaction. The same scenario is observed for l-counterions when interacting with the d-MOCs. This study unveils the role of weakly associated chiral counterions on the central chiral macroions, especially their supramolecular structure formation, and provides additional evidence on the mechanism of the homochirality phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Raee
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Xinyu Sun
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Putu Ustriyana
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Jiancheng Luo
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Nita Sahai
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Tianbo Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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33
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Dorca Y, Sánchez‐Naya R, Cerdá J, Calbo J, Aragó J, Gómez R, Ortí E, Sánchez L. Impact of Molecular Size and Shape on the Supramolecular Co‐Assembly of Chiral Tricarboxamides: A Comparative Study. Chemistry 2020; 26:14700-14707. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeray Dorca
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Roberto Sánchez‐Naya
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Jesús Cerdá
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) Universidad de Valencia c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) Universidad de Valencia c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) Universidad de Valencia c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) Universidad de Valencia c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
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34
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Yan X, Wang Q, Chen X, Jiang YB. Supramolecular Chiral Aggregates Exhibiting Nonlinear CD-ee Dependence. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905667. [PMID: 32876956 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although a linear relationship between the optical activity (normally the CD signal) and the enantiomeric excess (ee) of chiral auxiliaries has been the most commonly observed dependence in dynamic supramolecular helical aggregates, positive nonlinear CD-ee dependence, known as the "majority-rules effect" (MRE), indicative of chiral amplification, has also been well documented and to some extent understood. In sharp contrast, the negative nonlinear CD-ee dependence has been much less reported and is not well understood. Here, the state of the art of both the positive and negative nonlinear CD-ee dependence in noncovalently bound supramolecular helical aggregates is summarized, with the hope that the vast examples of supramolecular aggregates showing positive nonlinear dependence, in terms of the methods of investigations, variations in the structure of the building block (single species or multiple species), and theoretical modeling using the mismatch penalty energy and helix reversal penalty energy, would help to guide the design of building blocks to form aggregates showing negative nonlinear dependence, and thus to understand the mechanisms. The potential applications of those functional supramolecular aggregates are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Yan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xuanxuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yun-Bao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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35
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Ariga K, Mori T, Kitao T, Uemura T. Supramolecular Chiral Nanoarchitectonics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905657. [PMID: 32191374 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of molecular functions and material properties based on the control of chirality would be a scientifically elegant approach. Here, the fabrication and function of chiral-featured materials from both chiral and achiral components using a supramolecular nanoarchitectonics concept are discussed. The contents are classified in to three topics: i) chiral nanoarchitectonics of rather general molecular assemblies; ii) chiral nanoarchitectonics of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs); iii) chiral nanoarchitectonics in liquid crystals. MOF structures are based on nanoscopically well-defined coordinations, while mesoscopic orientations of liquid-crystalline phases are often flexibly altered. Discussion on the effects and features in these representative materials systems with totally different natures reveals the universal importance of supramolecular chiral nanoarchitectonics. Amplification of chiral molecular information from molecules to materials-level structures and the creation of chirality from achiral components upon temporal statistic fluctuations are universal, regardless of the nature of the assemblies. These features are thus surely advantageous characteristics for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI-MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Taizo Mori
- WPI-MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitao
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Uemura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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36
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Nassir M, Balaom L, Fischer B. Addressing regio- and stereo-specificity challenges in the synthesis of nucleoside 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate analogs - a rapid and facile synthesis of nucleoside-2',3'- O, O-phosphoro-thioate or -selenoate, and elucidation of the origin of the rare specificity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11633-11636. [PMID: 32870217 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02886j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new facile, rapid, stereo- and regio-selective one-pot synthesis of nucleoside-2',3'-O,O-phosphorothioate and selenoate analogs has been developed. This method avoids the need for protection strategies and chiral reagents, chiral metal catalysts, or chiral separations. This synthetic method has been applied to all natural nucleosides (U/A/G/C/T). Furthermore, we have deciphered the origin of the stereo- and regio-selectivity of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molhm Nassir
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
| | - Lara Balaom
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bilha Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
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37
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Wang F, Gan F, Shen C, Qiu H. Amplifiable Symmetry Breaking in Aggregates of Vibrating Helical Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16167-16172. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fuwei Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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38
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Albano G, Pescitelli G, Di Bari L. Chiroptical Properties in Thin Films of π-Conjugated Systems. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10145-10243. [PMID: 32892619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chiral π-conjugated molecules provide new materials with outstanding features for current and perspective applications, especially in the field of optoelectronic devices. In thin films, processes such as charge conduction, light absorption, and emission are governed not only by the structure of the individual molecules but also by their supramolecular structures and intermolecular interactions to a large extent. Electronic circular dichroism, ECD, and its emission counterpart, circularly polarized luminescence, CPL, provide tools for studying aggregated states and the key properties to be sought for designing innovative devices. In this review, we shall present a comprehensive coverage of chiroptical properties measured on thin films of organic π-conjugated molecules. In the first part, we shall discuss some general concepts of ECD, CPL, and other chiroptical spectroscopies, with a focus on their applications to thin film samples. In the following, we will overview the existing literature on chiral π-conjugated systems whose thin films have been characterized by ECD and/or CPL, as well other chiroptical spectroscopies. Special emphasis will be put on systems with large dissymmetry factors (gabs and glum) and on the application of ECD and CPL to derive structural information on aggregated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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39
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Kurata M, Yoshizawa A. The formation of a chiral supramolecular structure acting as a template for chirality transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8289-8292. [PMID: 32573614 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02413a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking in self-assembled achiral trimers under a nonequilibrium state induces supramolecular chirality, which is stabilized by a polymer network to produce a homochiral material. Chirality is transferred to the polymer film in the course of polymerization of achiral reactive monomers on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Kurata
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan.
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40
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Mirror Symmetry Breaking in Liquids and Their Impact on the Development of Homochirality in Abiogenesis: Emerging Proto-RNA as Source of Biochirality? Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12071098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in mirror symmetry breaking and chirality amplification in isotropic liquids and liquid crystalline cubic phases of achiral molecule is reviewed and discussed with respect to its implications for the hypothesis of emergence of biological chirality. It is shown that mirror symmetry breaking takes place in fluid systems where homochiral interactions are preferred over heterochiral and a dynamic network structure leads to chirality synchronization if the enantiomerization barrier is sufficiently low, i.e., that racemization drives the development of uniform chirality. Local mirror symmetry breaking leads to conglomerate formation. Total mirror symmetry breaking requires either a proper phase transitions kinetics or minor chiral fields, leading to stochastic and deterministic homochirality, respectively, associated with an extreme chirality amplification power close to the bifurcation point. These mirror symmetry broken liquids are thermodynamically stable states and considered as possible systems in which uniform biochirality could have emerged. A model is hypothesized, which assumes the emergence of uniform chirality by chirality synchronization in dynamic “helical network fluids” followed by polymerization, fixing the chirality and leading to proto-RNA formation in a single process.
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41
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Yang X, Li Z, Polyakova T, Dejneka A, Zablotskii V, Zhang X. Effect of static magnetic field on DNA synthesis: The interplay between DNA chirality and magnetic field left-right asymmetry. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:254-263. [PMID: 32259051 PMCID: PMC7133733 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between magnetic fields (MFs) and living cells may stimulate a large variety of cellular responses to a MF, while the underlying intracellular mechanisms still remain a great puzzle. On a fundamental level, the MF - cell interaction is affected by the two broken symmetries: (a) left-right (LR) asymmetry of the MF and (b) chirality of DNA molecules carrying electric charges and subjected to the Lorentz force when moving in a MF. Here we report on the chirality-driven effect of static magnetic fields (SMFs) on DNA synthesis. This newly discovered effect reveals how the interplay between two fundamental features of symmetry in living and inanimate nature-DNA chirality and the inherent features of MFs to distinguish the left and right-manifests itself in different DNA synthesis rates in the upward and downward SMFs, consequently resulting in unequal cell proliferation for the two directions of the field. The interplay between DNA chirality and MF LR asymmetry will provide fundamental knowledge for many MF-induced biological phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Yang
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryKey Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
- Science Island Branch of Graduate SchoolUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryKey Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Tatyana Polyakova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Vitalii Zablotskii
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Xin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryKey Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
- Science Island Branch of Graduate SchoolUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
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42
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Li Y, Hammoud A, Bouteiller L, Raynal M. Emergence of Homochiral Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide Helical Assemblies and Catalysts upon Addition of an Achiral Monomer. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5676-5688. [PMID: 32115947 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chirality amplification refers to the ability of a small chiral bias to fully control the main chain helicity of polymers and assemblies. Further implementation of functional chirally amplified helices as switchable asymmetric catalysts, chiral sensors, and circularly polarized light emitters will require a greater control of the energetics governing these chirality amplification effects. In this work, we report on the counterintuitive ability of an achiral molecule to suppress conformational defects in supramolecular helices, thus leading to the emergence of homochirality in a system containing a very small chiral bias. We focus our investigation on supramolecular helices composed of an achiral benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) ligand, coordinated to copper, and an enantiopure BTA comonomer. Amplification of chirality as probed by varying the amount (sergeants and soldiers effect) or the optical purity (diluted majority-rules effect) of the enantiopure comonomer are modest in this initial system. However, both effects are hugely enhanced upon addition of a second achiral BTA monomer, leading to a perfect control of the helicity either by means of a remarkably low amount of sergeants (0.5%) or a small bias from a racemic mixture of enantiopure comonomers (10% ee). Such an enhancement in the amplification of chirality is only achieved by mixing the three components, i.e. the two achiral and the enantiopure comonomers, highlighting a synergistic effect upon coassembly of the three monomers. Investigation of the role of the achiral additive by multifarious analytical techniques supports its ability to stabilize the helical coassemblies and suppress helix reversals: i.e., conformational defects. Implementation of these helical copper precatalysts in the hydrosilylation of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)ethanone confirms that the effect of the achiral BTA additive is also operative under the conditions of the catalytic experiment. A highly enantioenriched product (90% ee) is produced by a supramolecular catalyst operating with ppm levels of chiral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ahmad Hammoud
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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Homochiral Supramolecular Thin Film from Self-Assembly of Achiral Triarylamine Molecules by Circularly Polarized Light. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020402. [PMID: 31963685 PMCID: PMC7024168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the formation of homochiral supramolecular thin film from achiral molecules, by using circularly polarized light (CPL) only as a chiral source, on the condition that irradiation of CPL does not induce a photochemical change of the achiral molecules. Thin films of self-assembled structures consisting of chiral supramolecular fibrils was obtained from the triarylamine derivatives through evaporation of the self-assembled triarylamine solution. The homochiral supramolecular helices with the desired handedness was achieved by irradiation of circularly polarized visible light during the self-assembly process, and the chiral stability of supramolecular self-assembled product was achieved by photopolymerization of the diacetylene moieties at side chains of the building blocks, with irradiation of circularly polarized ultraviolet light. This work provides a novel methodology for the generation of homochiral supramolecular thin film from the corresponding achiral molecules.
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Karunakaran SC, Cafferty BJ, Jain KS, Schuster GB, Hud NV. Reversible Transformation of a Supramolecular Hydrogel by Redox Switching of Methylene Blue-A Noncovalent Chain Stopper. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:344-349. [PMID: 31956781 PMCID: PMC6964268 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The simple and reversible control of the degree of polymerization, and thereby the bulk material properties, of a supramolecular polymer is reported. Noncovalent capping agents (chain stoppers) modulate the length of supramolecular polymers by stacking on the surfaces of the polymer's ends. Methylene blue (MB) is a positively charged, planar polycyclic dye that acts as a chain stopper. It can be reversibly switched between its colored, planar, cationic state and a colorless, nonplanar, neutral state (leucomethylene blue, LMB) by reduction with ascorbic acid and then reoxidized to MB by O2. LMB does not act as a chain stopper. This behavior was utilized to reversibly trigger the gel to sol transformation of supramolecular polymers formed by the self-assembly of hexameric rosettes comprising 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine and a hexanoic acid-substituted cyanuric acid (CyCo6) in aqueous media. The results of our experiments highlight the ability of this approach to reversibly switch between the gel and solution states of materials formed from supramolecular polymers and thereby control their bulk properties.
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Liu YL, Ge JZ, Wang ZX, Xiong RG. Metal–organic ferroelectric complexes: enantiomer directional induction achieved above-room-temperature homochiral molecular ferroelectrics. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01197h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomer induction in a metal–organic complex system is used to directionally design homochiral molecular ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Liu
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Zhen Ge
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Xia Wang
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Gen Xiong
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- People's Republic of China
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Zeng W, Zhang W, Li X, Jin W, Zhang D. Hexabenzocoronene Graphitic Nanocoils Appended with Crown Ethers: Supramolecular Chirality Induced by Host-Guest Interaction. Chemistry 2019; 25:16692-16698. [PMID: 31591748 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized two new achiral hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) derivatives, HBCCE and HBCTEG-CE , which bear the crown ether as the pendant for the amino acid binding site. The HBCCE self-assembled into a racemic mixture of P- and M-handed helical nanocoils, however, in the presence of chiral amino acid guests, it formed helical nanocoils with one-handed screw sense. The effects of the concentration, type and configuration of the guests on the induced circular dichroism (ICD) during the co-assembly of HBCCE with chiral amino acids were also investigated. Additionally, after complete removal of the chiral guests, the optically active nanocoils did not racemize, even in the presence of excess amino acids with the opposite configuration. In contrast, HBCTEG-CE with a long triethylene glycol (TEG) chain between the crown ether group and the HBC unit did not exhibit ICD during the co-assembly with chiral amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Xianying Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wusong Jin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Dengqing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
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Shen Z, Sang Y, Wang T, Jiang J, Meng Y, Jiang Y, Okuro K, Aida T, Liu M. Asymmetric catalysis mediated by a mirror symmetry-broken helical nanoribbon. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3976. [PMID: 31484928 PMCID: PMC6726595 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chirality has been recognized as an essential entity for life, it still remains a big mystery how the homochirality in nature emerged in essential biomolecules. Certain achiral motifs are known to assemble into chiral nanostructures. In rare cases, their absolute geometries are enantiomerically biased by mirror symmetry breaking. Here we report the first example of asymmetric catalysis by using a mirror symmetry-broken helical nanoribbon as the ligand. We obtain this helical nanoribbon from a benzoic acid appended achiral benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide by its helical supramolecular assembly and employ it for the Cu2+-catalyzed Diels–Alder reaction. By thorough optimization of the reaction (conversion: > 99%, turnover number: ~90), the enantiomeric excess eventually reaches 46% (major/minor enantiomers = 73/27). We also confirm that the helical nanoribbon indeed carries helically twisted binding sites for Cu2+. Our achievement may provide the fundamental breakthrough for producing optically active molecules from a mixture of totally achiral motifs. If asymmetric catalysts were available by mirror symmetry breaking, an important insight may be given to how the biomolecular homochirality emerged in nature. Here, the authors report the first example of asymmetric catalysis by employing mirror symmetry-broken helical nanoribbons as the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaocun Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
| | - Yutao Sang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jian Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yan Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kou Okuro
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan. .,RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.
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Abstract
The origin of biological homochirality, e.g., life selects the L-amino acids and D-sugar as molecular component, still remains a big mystery. It is suggested that mirror symmetry breaking plays an important role. Recent researches show that symmetry breaking can also occur at a supramolecular level, where the non-covalent bond was crucial. In these systems, equal or unequal amount of the enantiomeric nanoassemblies could be formed from achiral molecules. In this paper, we presented a brief overview regarding the symmetry breaking from dispersed system to gels, solids, and at interfaces. Then we discuss the rational manipulation of supramolecular chirality on how to induce and control the homochirality in the self-assembly system. Those physical control methods, such as Viedma ripening, hydrodynamic macro- and micro-vortex, superchiral light, and the combination of these technologies, are specifically discussed. It is hoped that the symmetry breaking at a supramolecular level could provide useful insights into the understanding of natural homochirality and further designing as well as controlling of functional chiral materials.
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Chemical Basis of Biological Homochirality during the Abiotic Evolution Stages on Earth. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11060814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking (SMSB), a phenomenon leading to non-equilibrium stationary states (NESS) that exhibits biases away from the racemic composition is discussed here in the framework of dissipative reaction networks. Such networks may lead to a metastable racemic non-equilibrium stationary state that transforms into one of two degenerate but stable enantiomeric NESSs. In such a bifurcation scenario, the type of the reaction network, as well the boundary conditions, are similar to those characterizing the currently accepted stages of emergence of replicators and autocatalytic systems. Simple asymmetric inductions by physical chiral forces during previous stages of chemical evolution, for example in astrophysical scenarios, must involve unavoidable racemization processes during the time scales associated with the different stages of chemical evolution. However, residual enantiomeric excesses of such asymmetric inductions suffice to drive the SMSB stochastic distribution of chiral signs into a deterministic distribution. According to these features, we propose that a basic model of the chiral machinery of proto-life would emerge during the formation of proto-cell systems by the convergence of the former enantioselective scenarios.
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