1
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Hamaguchi N, Kubota T, Yamada M, Kimura H, Tsuji H. Post-Formation of Fused Pentagonal Structure on Fjord Region of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons under Hydrothermal Conditions. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400987. [PMID: 38629239 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the synthesis of cyclopenta-fused polyaromatic hydrocarbons (CP-PAHs) via Pt-catalyzed cyclization in water, focusing on the formation of fused pentagonal rings within heavily fused PAH frameworks. Utilizing platinum catalysts at lower temperatures (200-260 °C) in water, led to the successful synthesis of singly cyclized CP-PAHs. The reaction conditions facilitated the mono-cyclization of substrates such as dibenzo[g,p]chrysene and its isomers, yielding the desired products while suppressing the formation of bis-cyclized compounds. The use of Fe2O3 as an additive in conjunction with PtO2 was effective to suppress hydrogenation of the substrates and products. The products exhibited a redshift in UV-visible absorption and photoluminescence bands due to a decrease in the HOMO-LUMO energy gap. These findings highlight the potential of Pt-catalyzed cyclization for the controlled synthesis of CP-PAHs, with implications for various applications in materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Hamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkaku-bashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Takumi Kubota
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkaku-bashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkaku-bashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Hikaru Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkaku-bashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Hayato Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkaku-bashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-8686, Japan
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2
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Suleymanov AA, He Q, Müller P, Swager TM. Highly Contorted Rigid Nitrogen-Rich Nanographene with Four Heptagons. Org Lett 2024; 26:5227-5231. [PMID: 38536955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Nucleophilic substitution of 9,10-dichlorooctafluoroanthracene with 3,4-diethylpyrrole and subsequent Scholl reaction give the annularly fused decapyrrollyl anthracene. Single crystal X-ray analysis revealed a highly contorted geometry induced by a combination of adjacent heptagons, forming a unique 7-7-6-7-7 topology. The end-to-end twist angle along the acene moiety is 90°. Cyclic voltammetry studies reveal 6-electron oxidation waves. Density functional theory calculations provided further insights into the aromaticity and electronic properties of this highly twisted, nitrogen-rich nanographene. The structural rigidity and high racemization energy barrier have been studied theoretically and experimentally by VT-NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdusalom A Suleymanov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Qilin He
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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Killian L, Lutz M, Thevenon A. A π-extended β-diketiminate ligand via a templated Scholl approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6663-6666. [PMID: 38860402 PMCID: PMC11198738 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01627k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
We report a templated Scholl oxidation strategy for the preparation of the first β-diketiminate (BDI) ligands embedded within a 24-electron π-system backbone. The resulting benzo[f,g]tetracene BDI ligand was coordinated to a zinc centre and electrochemical studies showed the redox active nature of the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Killian
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin Lutz
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Thevenon
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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4
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Qiu S, Valdivia AC, Zhuang W, Hung FF, Che CM, Casado J, Liu J. Nonalternant Nanographenes Containing N-Centered Cyclopenta[ ef]heptalene and Aza[7]Helicene Units. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16161-16172. [PMID: 38720418 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Introducing helical subunits into negatively curved π-systems has a significant effect on both the molecular geometry and photophysical properties; however, the synthesis of these helical π-systems embedded with nonbenzenoid subunits remains challenging due to the high strain deriving from both the curvature and helix. Here, we report a family of nonalternant nanographenes containing a nitrogen (N)-doped cyclopenta[ef]heptalene unit. Among them, CPH-2 and CPH-3 can be viewed as hybrids of benzoannulated cyclopenta[ef]heptalene and aza[7]helicene. The crystal structures revealed a saddle geometry for CPH-1, a saddle-helix hybrid for CPH-2, and a twist-helix hybrid for CPH-3. Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations indicate that the saddle moieties in CPHs undergo flexible conformational changes at room temperature, while the aza[7]helicene subunit exhibits a dramatically increased racemization energy barrier (78.2 kcal mol-1 for CPH-2, 143.2 kcal mol-1 for CPH-3). The combination of the nitrogen lone electron pairs of the N-doped cyclopenta[ef]heptalene unit with the twisted helix fragments results in rich photophysics with distinctive fluorescence and phosphorescence in CPH-1 and CPH-2 and the similar energy fluorescence and phosphorescence in CPH-3. Both enantiopure CPH-2 and CPH-3 display distinct circular dichroism (CD) signals in the UV-vis range. Notably, compared to the reported fully π-extended helical nanographenes, CPH-3 exhibits excellent chiroptical properties with a |gabs| value of 1.0 × 10-2 and a |glum| value of 7.0 × 10-3; these values are among the highest for helical nanographenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Abel Cárdenas Valdivia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Weiwen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Faan-Fung Hung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road Hong Kong 999077, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Junzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road Hong Kong 999077, China
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5
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Qin L, Xie J, Wu B, Hong H, Yang S, Ma Z, Li C, Zhang G, Zhang XS, Liu K, Zhang D. Axially Chiral Nonbenzenoid Nanographene with Second Harmonic Generation Property. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12206-12214. [PMID: 38637324 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Chiral nanographenes (NGs) have garnered significant interest as optoelectronic materials in recent years. While helically chiral NGs have been extensively studied, axially chiral NGs have only witnessed limited examples, with no prior reports of axially chiral nonbenzenoid NGs. Herein we report an axially chiral nonbenzenoid nanographene featuring six pentagons and four heptagons. This compound, denoted as 2, was efficiently synthesized via an efficient Pd-catalyzed aryl silane homocoupling reaction. The presence of two bulky 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl groups around the axis connecting the two nonbenzenoid PAH (AHR) segments endows 2 with atropisomeric chirality and high racemization energy barrier, effectively preventing racemization of both R- and S-enantiomers at room temperature. Optically pure R-2 and S-2 were obtained by chiral HPLC separation, and they exhibit circular dichroism (CD) activity at wavelengths up to 660 nm, one of the longest wavelengths with CD responses reported for the chiral NGs. Interestingly, racemic 2 forms a homoconfiguration π-dimer in the crystal lattice, belonging to the I222 chiral space group. Consequently, this unique structure renders crystals of 2 with a second harmonic generation (SHG) response, distinguishing it from all the reported axially chiral benzenoid NGs. Moreover, R-2 and S-2 also exhibit SHG-CD properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jin Xie
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Botao Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hao Hong
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Suyu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Ma
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Sha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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6
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Qi Z, Shang H, Ji B, Shi Y, Ye T, Li Y, Xiao J. Heptagon-Embedded Helicene Derivatives: Synthesis, Crystal Structural Analyses, and Circularly Polarized Luminescence. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14550-14558. [PMID: 37812747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Two pairs of isomers of heptagon-embedded helical arenes (3/6 and 10/13) have been strategically prepared, where the molecular structures of 3 and 13 have been identified through single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The effect of the heptagon unit on the physical properties of 3, 6, 10, and 13 is investigated in a comparative manner, and the results indicate that the optical enantiomers of 13 obtained from HPLC exhibit promising chiroptical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Qi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Honglin Shang
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Bingliang Ji
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Tongtong Ye
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
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7
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Qin L, Huang YY, Wu B, Pan J, Yang J, Zhang J, Han G, Yang S, Chen L, Yin Z, Shu Y, Jiang L, Yi Y, Peng Q, Zhou X, Li C, Zhang G, Zhang XS, Wu K, Zhang D. Diazulenorubicene as a Non-benzenoid Isomer of peri-Tetracene with Two Sets of 5/7/5 Membered Rings Showing Good Semiconducting Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304632. [PMID: 37338996 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have received a lot of attention because of their unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, but their synthesis remains challenging. Herein, we report a non-benzenoid isomer of peri-tetracene, diazulenorubicene (DAR), with two sets of 5/7/5 membered rings synthesized by a (3+2) annulation reaction. Compared with the precursor containing only 5/7 membered rings, the newly formed five membered rings switch the aromaticity of the original heptagon/pentagon from antiaromatic/aromatic to non-aromatic/antiaromatic respectively, modify the intermolecular packing modes, and lower the LUMO levels. Notably, compound 2 b (DAR-TMS) shows p-type semiconducting properties with a hole mobility up to 1.27 cm2 V-1 s-1 . Moreover, further extension to larger non-benzenoid PAHs with 19 rings was achieved through on-surface chemistry from the DAR derivative with one alkynyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ying Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Botao Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Jinliang Pan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Junfang Yang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Guangchao Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Suyu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Shu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Peng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Sha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kai Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
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8
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Li W, Yang J, Zhao L, Couch D, Marchi MS, Hansen N, Morozov AN, Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. Gas-phase preparation of azulene (C 10H 8) and naphthalene (C 10H 8) via the reaction of the resonantly stabilized fulvenallenyl and propargyl radicals. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9795-9805. [PMID: 37736626 PMCID: PMC10510771 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03231k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic routes to the 10π Hückel aromatic azulene (C10H8) molecule, the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carrying an adjacent five- and seven-membered ring, have been of fundamental importance due to the role of azulene - a structural isomer of naphthalene - as an essential molecular building block of saddle-shaped carbonaceous nanostructures such as curved nanographenes and nanoribbons. Here, we report on the very first gas phase preparation of azulene by probing the gas-phase reaction between two resonantly stabilized radicals, fulvenallenyl and propargyl , in a molecular beam through isomer-resolved vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry. Augmented by electronic structure calculations, the novel Fulvenallenyl Addition Cyclization Aromatization (FACA) reaction mechanism affords a versatile concept for introducing the azulene moiety into polycyclic aromatic systems thus facilitating an understanding of barrierless molecular mass growth processes of saddle-shaped aromatics and eventually carbonaceous nanoparticles (soot, interstellar grains) in our universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230029 China
| | - Jiuzhong Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230029 China
| | - Long Zhao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230029 China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230027 China
| | - David Couch
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories Livermore CA 94551 USA
| | - Myrsini San Marchi
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories Livermore CA 94551 USA
| | - Nils Hansen
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories Livermore CA 94551 USA
| | - Alexander N Morozov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University Miami FL 33199 USA
| | - Alexander M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University Miami FL 33199 USA
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI 96822 USA
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9
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Fu L, Liu P, Xue R, Tang XY, Cao J, Yao ZF, Liu Y, Yan S, Wang XY. Unravelling the Superiority of Nonbenzenoid Acepleiadylene as a Building Block for Organic Semiconducting Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306509. [PMID: 37417837 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Acepleiadylene (APD), a nonbenzenoid isomer of pyrene, exhibits a unique charge-separated character with a large molecular dipole and a small optical gap. However, APD has never been explored in optoelectronic materials to take advantage of these appealing properties. Here, we employ APD as a building block in organic semiconducting materials for the first time, and unravel the superiority of nonbenzenoid APD in electronic applications. We have synthesized an APD derivative (APD-IID) with APD as the terminal donor moieties and isoindigo (IID) as the acceptor core. Theoretical and experimental investigations reveal that APD-IID has an obvious charge-separated structure and enhanced intermolecular interactions as compared with its pyrene-based isomers. As a result, APD-IID displays significantly higher hole mobilities than those of the pyrene-based counterparts. These results imply the advantages of employing APD in semiconducting materials and great potential of nonbenzenoid polycyclic arenes for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Pengcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiawen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ze-Fan Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Yuchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Shouke Yan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
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10
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Wang C, Deng Z, Phillips DL, Liu J. Extension of Non-alternant Nanographenes Containing Nitrogen-Doped Stone-Thrower-Wales Defects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306890. [PMID: 37421410 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-alternant topologies have attracted considerable attention due to their unique physiochemical characteristics in recent years. Here, three novel topological nanographenes molecular models of nitrogen-doped Stone-Thrower-Wales (S-T-W) defects were achieved through intramolecular direct arylation. Their chemical structures were unambiguously elucidated by single-crystal analysis. Among them, threefold intramolecular direct arylation compound (C42 H21 N) is the largest nanographene bearing a N-doped non-alternant topology to date, in which the non-benzenoid rings account for 83 % of the total molecular skeleton. The absorption maxima of this compound was located in the near-infrared region with a long tail up to 900 nm, which was much longer than those reported for similarly sized N-doped nanographene with six-membered rings (C40 H15 N). In addition, the electronic energy gaps of these series compounds clearly decreased with the introduction of non-alternant topologies (from 2.27 eV to 1.50 eV). It is noteworthy that C42 H21 N possesses such a low energy gap (Eg opt =1.40 eV; Eg cv =1.50 eV), yet is highly stable under ambient conditions. Our work reported herein demonstrates that the non-alternant topology could significantly influence the electronic configurations of nanocarbons, where the introduction of a non-alternanting topology may be an effective way to narrow the energy gap without extending the molecular π-conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Ziqi Deng
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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11
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Nishimura Y, Harimoto T, Suzuki T, Ishigaki Y. One-Pot Synthesis of Helical Azaheptalene and Chiroptical Switching of an Isolable Radical Cation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301759. [PMID: 37280181 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A nitrogen-centered heptalene, azaheptalene, was designed as a representative of a new class of redox-responsive molecules with a large steric strain that originates from the adjacent seven-membered rings. The pentabenzo derivative of azaheptalene was efficiently synthesized by a palladium-catalyzed one-pot reaction of commercially available reagents. Bromination led to mono- and dibrominated derivatives, the latter of which is interconvertible with isolable radical cation species exhibiting near-infrared absorption. Since the azaheptalene skeleton shows configurationally stable helicity with a large torsion angle, enantiomers could be successfully separated. Thus, optically pure azaheptalenes with P- or M-helicity showed strong chiroptical properties (|gabs |≥0.01), which could be changed by an electric potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, 060-0810, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Harimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, 060-0810, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, 060-0810, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, 060-0810, Sapporo, Japan
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12
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Luo H, Wan Q, Choi W, Tsutsui Y, Dmitrieva E, Du L, Phillips DL, Seki S, Liu J. Two-Step Synthesis of B 2 N 2 -Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Containing Pentagonal and Heptagonal Rings with Long-Lived Delayed Fluorescence. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301769. [PMID: 37093207 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pentagon-heptagon embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have aroused increasing attention in recent years due to their unique physicochemical properties. Here, for the first time, this report demonstrates a facile method for the synthesis of a novel B2 N2 -doped PAH (BN-2) containing two pairs of pentagonal and heptagonal rings in only two steps. In the solid state of BN-2, two different conformations, including saddle-shaped and up-down geometries, are observed. Through a combined spectroscopic and calculation study, the excited-state dynamics of BN-2 is well-investigated in this current work. The resultant pentagon-heptagon embedded B2 N2 -doped BN-2 displays both prompt fluorescence and long-lived delayed fluorescence components at room temperature, with the triplet excited-state lifetime in the microsecond time region (τ = 19 µs). The triplet-triplet annihilation is assigned as the mechanism for the observed long-lived delayed fluorescence. Computational analyses attributed this observation to the small energy separation between the singlet and triplet excited states, facilitating the intersystem crossing (ISC) process which is further validated by the ultrafast spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Luo
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wookjin Choi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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13
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Yang CC, Tian WQ. Electronic Structure Modulation of Nanographenes for Second Order Nonlinear Optical Molecular Materials. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300279. [PMID: 37515505 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs) have drawn extensive attention as promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronic and nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, owing to its unique optoelectronic properties and high thermal stability. However, the weak polarity or even non-polarity of NGs (resulting in weak even order NLO properties) and the high chemical reactivity of zigzag edged NGs hinder their further applications in nonlinear optics, thus stabilization (lowering the chemical reactivity) and polarizing the charge distribution in NGs are necessary for such applications of NGs. The fusion of heptagon and pentagon endows the azulene with the character of donor-acceptor, and the B=N unit is isoelectronic to C=C unit. The introduction of polar azulene and BN are idea to polarize and stabilize the electronic structure of NGs for NLO applications. In the present review, a survey on the functionalization and applications of NGs in nonlinear optics is conducted. The engineering of the electronic structure of NGs by topological defects, doping and edge modulation is summarized. Finally, a summary of challenges and perspectives for carbon-based NLO nanomaterials is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Yang
- College of Science, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Banan, Chongqing, 400054, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Wei Quan Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
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14
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Bachrach SM. The Topology of Molecules with Twelve Fused Phenyl Rings ([12]Circulenes): Rings, Infinitenes, and Möbius Infinitenes. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37294667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Following the recent preparation of infinitene (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 862-871), a computational (ωB97XD/6-311G(d)) exploration of 42 isomeric compounds with 12 fused phenyl rings identified structures with linking number of zero (ring, saddle, and ribbon shapes), two (infinitene-like shape), and one (Möbius infinitene shape) is reported. An infinitene isomer composed of two [5]helicene fragments connected to two stacked phenyl rings and a Möbius infinitene isomer are identified that are more stable than the known infinitene. The energies of the structures are examined by assessing their macrocyclization (strain) energies, π-stacking, and possible aromaticity. Examples of fused phenyl molecules with linking numbers of 3, 4, 5, and 6 are shown, indicating the potential topological range that these molecules can possess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Bachrach
- Artis College of Science and Technology, Radford University, Radford, Virginia 24142 United States
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15
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Sharma PK, Babbar A, Mallick D, Das S. Constructing 1-Ethoxyphenanthro[9,10- e]acephenanthrylene for the Synthesis of a Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Containing a Formal Azulene Unit. J Org Chem 2023; 88:5473-5482. [PMID: 37040656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
peri-Acenoacenes are attractive synthetic targets, but their non-benzenoid isomeric counterparts were unnoticed. 1-Ethoxyphenanthro[9,10-e]acephenanthrylene 8 was synthesized and converted to azulene-embedded 9, which is a tribenzo-fused non-alternant isomeric motif of peri-anthracenoanthracene. Aromaticity and single-crystal analyses suggested a formal azulene core for 9, which showed a smaller highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap with a charge-transfer absorption band and brighter fluorescence than 8 (quantum yield (Φ): 9 = 41.8%, 8 = 8.9%). The reduction potentials of 8 and 9 were nearly identical, and the observations were further supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyank Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Akanksha Babbar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Dibyendu Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Soumyajit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
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16
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Ejlli B, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF, Müllen K. Ring-Expanding Rearrangement of Benzo-Fused Tris-Cycloheptenylenes towards Nonplanar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203735. [PMID: 36602008 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A strongly twisted benzo-fused tris-cycloheptenylene, containing three dibenzosuberenone units fused to a common benzene ring, was subjected to Ramirez olefination and subsequent palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling with 4-substituted phenylboronic acids. The high steric demand within the overcrowded, benzene-rich benzo-fused tris-cycloheptenylenes enforced an unprecedented 1,2-rearrangement upon π-extension during the Suzuki coupling reaction. According to crystal structure analysis, the resulting negatively curved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consist of two heptagons and one octagon surrounding a central benzene ring as a result of strain release. In the solid state, the materials exhibit a blue to blue-green fluorescence with increased quantum yields and a hypsochromic shift of the emission maxima compared to their respective solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ejlli
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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17
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Wang J, Gámez FG, Marín-Beloqui J, Diaz-Andres A, Miao X, Casanova D, Casado J, Liu J. Synthesis of a Dicyclohepta[a,g]heptalene-Containing Polycyclic Conjugated Hydrocarbon and the Impact of Non-Alternant Topologies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217124. [PMID: 36511094 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating non-hexagonal rings into polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons (PCHs) can significantly affect their electronic and optoelectronic properties and chemical reactivities. Here, we report the first bottom-up synthesis of a dicyclohepta[a,g]heptalene-embedded PCH (1) with four continuous heptagons, which are arranged in a "Z" shape. Compared with its structural isomer bischrysene 1 R with only hexagonal rings, compound 1 presents a distinct antiaromatic character, especially the inner heptalene core, which possesses clear antiaromatic nature. In addition, PCH 1 exhibits a narrower highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap than its benzenoid contrast 1 R, as verified by experimental measurements and theoretical calculations. Our work reported herein not only provides a new way to synthesize novel PCHs with non-alternant topologies but also offers the possibility to tune their electronic and optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Wang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fernando Gordillo Gámez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teations s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Marín-Beloqui
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teations s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Aitor Diaz-Andres
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Xiaohe Miao
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Physical Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teations s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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18
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Guo J, Zhang T, Li Z, Ye K, Wang Y, Dou C. Distorted B/O-containing nanographenes with tunable optical properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2644-2647. [PMID: 36779481 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of two B/O-containing nanographenes, which feature the fusion of three or six planar B/O-heterocycles onto one hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene π-framework. Incorporation of the B/O-heterocycles not only leads to distorted geometries, but also modulates the electronic structures and results in gradually red-shifted absorptions and fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Zeyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China. .,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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19
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Kato M, Kim J, Oh J, Shimizu D, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Near-Infrared-Responsive Hydrocarbons Designed by π-Extension of Indeno[1,2,3,4-pgra]perylene at the 1,2,12-Positions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300249. [PMID: 36705165 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the overall electronic structure of π-conjugated molecules and the arrangement of their constituent elements is of fundamental importance. Establishing rational design guidelines for conjugated hydrocarbons with narrow HOMO-LUMO gaps is useful to develop near-infrared (NIR) responsive dyes and redox-active materials. This study describes the synthesis and properties of three conjugated hydrocarbons, i. e., an indenonaphthoperylene, an indenoterrylene, and a diindenoterrylene. These molecules exhibit NIR absorption despite the absence of significant antiaromaticity and diradical character. Notably, the indenonaphthoperylene exhibits red-to-NIR emission in the 620-850 nm region. The indenoterrylene and the diindenoterrylene exhibit NIR absorption tailing to 870 and 940 nm, respectively. Moreover, the effect of the π-extension of indenoperylene is disclosed in order to propose guidelines for achieving a narrow HOMO-LUMO gap with negligible antiaromaticity and diradical character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kato
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Chemistry and, Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Soonchunhyang University, 31538, Asan, Korea
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8510, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 332-0012, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan
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20
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Schnitzlein M, Zhu C, Shoyama K, Würthner F. π-Extended Pleiadienes by [5+2] Annulation of 1-Boraphenalenes and ortho-Dihaloarenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202053. [PMID: 35921514 PMCID: PMC9804371 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed [5+2] annulation of 1-boraphenalenes with ortho-dihaloarenes afforded negatively curved π-extended pleiadienes. Two benzo[1,2-i:4,5-i']dipleiadienes (BDPs) featuring a seven-six-seven-membered ring arrangement were synthesized and investigated. Their crystal structure revealed a unique packing arrangement and theoretical calculations were employed to shed light onto the dynamic behavior of the BDP moiety and its aromaticity. Further, a naphthalene-fused pleiadiene was stitched together by oxidative cyclodehydrogenation to yield an additional five-membered ring. This formal azulene moiety led to distinct changes in optical and redox properties and increased perturbation of the aromatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schnitzlein
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Chongwei Zhu
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany,Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular SolidsMinistry of Educationand School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal UniversityWuhu241002P. R. China
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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21
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22
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Wang S, Tang M, Wu L, Bian L, Jiang L, Liu J, Tang Z, Liang Y, Liu Z. Linear Nonalternant Isomers of Acenes Fusing Multiple Azulene Units. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205658. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shangshang Wang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Lifang Bian
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Liang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Zheng‐Bin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Yimin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Department of Chemistry School of Science Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
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23
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Zhang Y, Pun SH, Miao Q. The Scholl Reaction as a Powerful Tool for Synthesis of Curved Polycyclic Aromatics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14554-14593. [PMID: 35960873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed remarkable success in the synthesis of curved polycyclic aromatics through Scholl reactions which enable oxidative aryl-aryl coupling even in company with the introduction of significant steric strain. These curved polycyclic aromatics are not only unique objects of structural organic chemistry in relation to the nature of aromaticity but also play an important role in bottom-up approaches to precise synthesis of nanocarbons of unique topology. Moreover, they have received considerable attention in the fields of supramolecular chemistry and organic functional materials because of their interesting properties and promising applications. Despite the great success of Scholl reactions in synthesis of curved polycyclic aromatics, the outcome of a newly designed substrate in the Scholl reaction still cannot be predicted in a generic and precise manner largely due to limited understanding on the reaction mechanism and possible rearrangement processes. This review provides an overview of Scholl reactions with a focus on their applications in synthesis of curved polycyclic aromatics with interesting structures and properties and aims to shed light on the key factors that affect Scholl reactions in synthesizing sterically strained polycyclic aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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24
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New paradigms in molecular nanocarbon science. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Ong A, Tao T, Jiang Q, Han Y, Ou Y, Huang KW, Chi C. Azulene‐Fused Acenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Ong
- National University of Singapore Asia Research Institute Department of Chemistry SINGAPORE
| | - Tao Tao
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Environmental Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Qing Jiang
- National University of Singapore Asia Research Institute Department of Chemistry SINGAPORE
| | - Yi Han
- National University of Singapore Asia Research Institute Department of Chemistry SINGAPORE
| | - Yaping Ou
- National University of Singapore Asia Research Institute Department of Chemistry SINGAPORE
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Science and Engineering SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Chunyan Chi
- National University of Singapore Department of Chemistry 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore SINGAPORE
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26
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Hsu CY, Zheng CJ, Wu YY, Fan WH, Lin CH. Exploring the Acid-Catalyzed Reactions of 10,11-Epoxy-Dibenzo[ a, d]cycloheptan-5-ol as the Synthetic Modules toward Polycyclic Aromatic Scaffolds. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:21505-21527. [PMID: 35785270 PMCID: PMC9244947 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The structural diversity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) offers exciting opportunities for their applications. Yet, selective synthesis of such conjugated networks poses a formidable challenge. Compared to the prominence of transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling and oxidative Scholl reactions, cationic rearrangement in the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is an underexplored subject. In this study, we reveal that cationic intermediate generated from epoxy dibenzocycloheptanol can be transformed into acenes, azulene-embedded PAHs, and dibenzocycloheptanone derivatives. Reactive patterns, including Meinwald rearrangement, Nazarov cyclization, transannular aryl migration, and transannular Friedel-Crafts cyclization were identified. Both substrate structures and reaction temperature affect the reaction pathways in predictable and manageable manners. A mechanistic scheme was postulated as the working model to guide the reactivity for further application. Substrates containing heterocyclic and ferrocenyl groups exhibit similar reactivity profiles. The inquiry culminates in the selective synthesis of 5, 7, 12, 14-tetrasubstituted C 2h and C 2v pentacene derivatives. Our results demonstrate that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be selectively prepared with this cation-initiated strategy by methodically tuning the reactivity.
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27
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Hisada M, Shimizu D, Matsuda K. Heptagon-Embedded π-Expanded Thieno- and N-Methylpyrrolo-Pyridazines with Substantial Out-of-Plane Dipole Moment. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9034-9043. [PMID: 35749313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of fully fused tetraphenylthieno[3,4-d]pyridazine 1 and N-methylpyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazine 2 with two embedded seven-membered rings. Owing to the incorporated heptagon, 1 and 2 exhibited Cs-symmetric saddle conformations in the solid state with mean plane deviation around 0.38 Å. π-Expanded thienopyridazine 1 showed a one-dimensional (1-D) columnar packing along the b axis with net dipole moment aligning perpendicular to the b axis in the polar crystal system Pc. On the other hand, 2 formed a partially π-stacked brick-work structure. In addition to the Cs-symmetric saddle conformations found in the crystals, density functional theory (DFT) calculation found C2-symmetric twisted conformations of both 1 and 2 close in energy to the saddle conformations. The barrier of conformational interconversion was calculated to be 32 (1) and 31 kJ·mol-1 (2), and the interconversion occurs fast even at -60 °C as evidenced by variable-temperature (VT)-NMR studies. While 1 and 2 have moderately curved structures, optical and electrochemical studies revealed effective π-conjugation over the fused diphenylene units, which is also supported by DFT calculation. As the result of the intrinsic large dipole moment of thieno- and pyrrolo-pyridazines and the notably curved structure, 1 (2) has a substantial out-of-plane dipole moment of 2.0 (3.3) D in the saddle conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Hisada
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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28
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Linear Nonalternant Isomers of Acenes Fusing Multiple Azulene Units. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Wu F, Ma J, Lombardi F, Fu Y, Liu F, Huang Z, Liu R, Komber H, Alexandropoulos DI, Dmitrieva E, Lohr TG, Israel N, Popov AA, Liu J, Bogani L, Feng X. Benzo-Extended Cyclohepta[def]fluorene Derivatives with Very Low-Lying Triplet States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202170. [PMID: 35290699 PMCID: PMC9324097 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Open-shell non-alternant polycyclic hydrocarbons (PHs) are attracting increasing attention due to their promising applications in organic spintronics and quantum computing. Herein we report the synthesis of three cyclohepta[def]fluorene-based diradicaloids (1-3), by fusion of benzo rings on its periphery for the thermodynamic stabilization, as evidenced by multiple characterization techniques. Remarkably, all of them display a very narrow optical energy gap (Eg opt =0.52-0.69 eV) and persistent stability under ambient conditions (t1/2 =11.7-33.3 h). More importantly, this new type of diradicaloids possess a low-lying triplet state with an extremely small singlet-triplet energy gap, as low as 0.002 kcal mol-1 , with a clear dependence on the molecular size. This family of compounds thus offers a new route to create non-alternant open-shell PHs with high-spin ground states, and opens up novel possibilities and insights into understanding the structure-property relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fupeng Wu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
| | | | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research01069DresdenGermany
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Department of MaterialsUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3PHUK
| | - Renxiang Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V.Hohe Straße 601069DresdenGermany
| | | | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research01069DresdenGermany
| | - Thorsten G. Lohr
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
| | - Noel Israel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research01069DresdenGermany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research01069DresdenGermany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic ChemistryThe University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongChina
| | - Lapo Bogani
- Department of MaterialsUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3PHUK
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure PhysicsWeinberg 206120HalleGermany
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30
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Ahmed J, Mandal SK. Phenalenyl Radical: Smallest Polycyclic Odd Alternant Hydrocarbon Present in the Graphene Sheet. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11369-11431. [PMID: 35561295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenalenyl, a zigzag-edged odd alternant hydrocarbon unit can be found in the graphene nanosheet. Hückel molecular orbital calculations indicate the presence of a nonbonding molecular orbital (NBMO), which originates from the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) arising from 13 carbon atoms of the phenalenyl molecule. Three redox states (cationic, neutral radical, and anionic) of the phenalenyl-based molecules were attributed to the presence of this NBMO. The cationic state can undergo two consecutive reductions to result in neutral radical and anionic states, stepwise, respectively. The phenalenyl-based radicals were found as crucial building blocks and attracted the attention of various research fields such as organic synthesis, material science, computation, and device physics. From 2012 onward, a strategy was devised using the cationic state of phenalenyl-based molecules and in situ generated phenalenyl radicals, which created a new domain of catalysis. The in situ generated phenalenyl radicals were utilized for the single electron transfer (SET) process resulting in redox catalysis. This emerging range of applications rejuvenates the more than six decades-old phenalenyl chemistry. This review captures such developments ranging from fundamental understanding to multidirectional applications of phenalenyl-based radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasimuddin Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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31
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Wu F, Ma J, Lombardi F, Fu Y, Liu F, Huang Z, Liu R, Komber H, Alexandropoulos DI, Dmitrieva E, Lohr TG, Israel N, Popov AA, Liu J, Bogani L, Feng X. Benzo‐Extended Cyclohepta[
def
]fluorene Derivatives with Very Low‐Lying Triplet States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fupeng Wu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | | | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Department of Materials University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3PH UK
| | - Renxiang Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V. Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | | | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Thorsten G. Lohr
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Noel Israel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Lapo Bogani
- Department of Materials University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3PH UK
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Weinberg 2 06120 Halle Germany
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32
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Harimoto T, Ishigaki Y. Redox‐Active Hydrocarbons: Isolation and Structural Determination of Cationic States toward Advanced Response Systems. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200013. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Harimoto
- Hokkaido University: Hokkaido Daigaku Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science JAPAN
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Hokkaido University: Hokkaido Daigaku Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science North 10, West 8, North-ward 060-0810 Sapporo JAPAN
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33
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Yamamoto M, Zhao Q, Goto S, Gu Y, Toriyama T, Yamamoto T, Nishihara H, Aziz A, Crespo-Otero R, Di Tommaso D, Tamura M, Tomishige K, Kyotani T, Yamazaki K. Porous nanographene formation on γ-alumina nanoparticles via transition-metal-free methane activation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3140-3146. [PMID: 35414888 PMCID: PMC8926170 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06578e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles promote pyrolytic carbon deposition of CH4 at temperatures higher than 800 °C to give single-walled nanoporous graphene (NPG) materials without the need for transition metals as reaction centers. To accelerate the development of efficient reactions for NPG synthesis, we have investigated early-stage CH4 activation for NPG formation on γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles via reaction kinetics and surface analysis. The formation of NPG was promoted at oxygen vacancies on (100) surfaces of γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles following surface activation by CH4. The kinetic analysis was well corroborated by a computational study using density functional theory. Surface defects generated as a result of surface activation by CH4 make it kinetically feasible to obtain single-layered NPG, demonstrating the importance of precise control of oxygen vacancies for carbon growth. Oxygen vacancies on the (100) surface of γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles catalyse CH4-CVD for single-layered nanoporous graphenes with no transition metal reaction centre. The rate-limiting step is the proton transfer (PT) in the activation of CH4 on them.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yamamoto
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Shunsuke Goto
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Yu Gu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University 6-6-07 Aramaki, Aoba Sendai 980-8579 Japan
| | - Takaaki Toriyama
- The Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University Motooka 744, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yamamoto
- The Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University Motooka 744, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hirotomo Nishihara
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Alex Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Rachel Crespo-Otero
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Devis Di Tommaso
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Masazumi Tamura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University 6-6-07 Aramaki, Aoba Sendai 980-8579 Japan
| | - Keiichi Tomishige
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University 6-6-07 Aramaki, Aoba Sendai 980-8579 Japan
| | - Takashi Kyotani
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamazaki
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba Sendai 980-8577 Japan
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34
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Wang J, Shen C, Zhang G, Gan F, Ding Y, Qiu H. Transformation of Crowded Oligoarylene into Perylene‐Cored Chiral Nanographene by Sequential Oxidative Cyclization and 1,2‐Phenyl Migration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Guoli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Fuwei Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Yongle Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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35
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Duan C, Zhang J, Xiang J, Yang X, Gao X. Design, Synthesis and Properties of Azulene-Based BN-[4]Helicenes※. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a21110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Zhao Z, Huan W, Sun C, El-Khouly ME, Zhang B, Chen Y. Proton-responsive azulene-based conjugated polymer with nonvolatile memory effects. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04769h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We report an azulene-based conjugated polymer, PAV, which exhibits proton-gated and electrical-gated changes in its conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Huan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mohamed E. El-Khouly
- Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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37
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Schnitzlein M, Mützel C, Shoyama K, Farrell JM, Würthner F. PAHs Containing both Heptagon and Pentagon: Corannulene Extension by [5+2] Annulation. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schnitzlein
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Carina Mützel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jeffrey M. Farrell
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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38
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Abstract
A non-planar π-enlarged coronene-embedded coumarin achieved via pyranone annulation and its cyanated derivative possess bright orange to red emission in both solution and solid states, with scope for bioimaging applications. The multiple redox states, frontier molecular orbital energy levels and strong cofacial π-stacking ability point towards applications in organic optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitisha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Prabhakar Chetti
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
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39
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Wang J, Shen C, Zhang G, Gan F, Ding Y, Qiu H. Transformation of Crowded Oligoarylene into Perylene-Cored Chiral Nanographene by Sequential Oxidative Cyclization and 1,2-Phenyl Migration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115979. [PMID: 34854182 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic innovation for constructing sophisticated nanographenes is of fundamental significance for a variety of advanced applications. Herein, we report a distinctive method to prepare π-extended chiral nanographenes with 29 benzenoid rings and two helical breaches from a highly crowded perylene-cored oligoarylene precursor. Under Scholl's conditions, the reaction predominantly involves the regioselective and sequential cyclization in the peri- and bay regions of the perylene core, and the complanation of the 1-phenyl[5]helicene intermediate module via 1,2-phenyl migration. The resulting chiral nanographenes are configurationally stable at 180 °C due to the high diastereomerization barriers of ca. 45 kcal mol-1 . These molecules also possess globally delocalized π-systems with low HOMO/LUMO gaps, leading to nearly panchromatic absorption, intensive electronic circular dichroism signals and deep-red circularly polarized luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Guoli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Fuwei Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yongle Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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40
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Liu T, Qi C, Zhou Q, Dai W, Lan Y, Xu L, Ren J, Pan Y, Yang L, Ge Y, Qu YK, Li W, Li H, Xiao S. Divergent Synthesis of Contorted Polycyclic Aromatics Containing Pentagons, Heptagon, and/or Azulene. Org Lett 2021; 24:472-477. [PMID: 34797076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Divergent synthesis of four contorted aromatics containing pentagons, a heptagon, and/or an azulene from the same difluorenyl pentacenediene precursor were realized in one step. The subtle differences in molecular structure were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The mechanisms for the control of different products, which involve a ring-expansion rearrangement, Scholl reactions, and/or Mallory cyclization were proposed on the basis of control experiments and DFT calculations. Such development adds good structure versatility and materials accessibility to the study of contorted aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taifeng Liu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Chaoran Qi
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Qinghai Zhou
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Wenying Dai
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yuying Lan
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Lanting Xu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Junxia Ren
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yangyang Pan
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Lei Yang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yongchao Ge
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yang-Kun Qu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Hexing Li
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Shengxiong Xiao
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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41
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Kato M, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Indeno[1,2,3,4-pqra]Perylene: A Medium-Sized Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exhibiting Full-Range Visible-Light Absorption. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103647. [PMID: 34787346 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and properties of indeno[1,2,3,4-pqra]perylene, which was prepared by the fusion of one anthracene unit with one naphthalene unit via three carbon-carbon bonds. The synthetic route through two-fold C-H arylation enabled not only the synthesis of unsubstituted indenoperylene, but also rapid access to its arylated derivatives on the gram scale. Indenoperylene is a medium-sized aromatic hydrocarbon with the composition C24 H12 that is isomeric to coronene. Nevertheless, its absorption covers the entire visible region owing to its small HOMO-LUMO gap. Furthermore, indenoperylene exhibits high stability despite the absence of peripheral substituents. We propose that the unique electronic structure of indenoperylene originates from the coexistence of an electron-withdrawing subunit (benzoaceanthrylene) and an electron-donating subunit (perylene). The electronic properties of indenoperylene were modulated via post-functionalization through regioselective bromination. The current research demonstrates that indenoperylene is a promising candidate as a main skeleton for near-infrared-responsive and redox-active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kato
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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42
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Chaolumen, Stepek IA, Yamada KE, Ito H, Itami K. Construction of Heptagon-Containing Molecular Nanocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23508-23532. [PMID: 33547701 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular nanocarbons containing heptagonal rings have attracted increasing interest due to their dynamic behavior, electronic properties, aromaticity, and solid-state packing. Heptagon incorporation can not only induce negative curvature within nanocarbon scaffolds, but also confer significantly altered properties through interaction with adjacent non-hexagonal rings. Despite the disclosure of several beautiful examples in recent years, synthetic strategies toward heptagon-embedded molecular nanocarbons remain relatively limited due to the intrinsic challenges of heptagon formation and incorporation into polyarene frameworks. In this Review, recent advances in solution-mediated and surface-assisted synthesis of heptagon-containing molecular nanocarbons, as well as the intriguing properties of these frameworks, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolumen
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Iain A Stepek
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Keigo E Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, R.O.C
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43
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Medel MA, Cruz CM, Miguel D, Blanco V, Morcillo SP, Campaña AG. Chiral Distorted Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes Bearing a Nonagon-Embedded Carbohelicene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22051-22056. [PMID: 34329498 PMCID: PMC8518755 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A new family of chiral saddle-helix hybrid nanographenes is reported. The first hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) analogues bearing a nine-membered carbocycle are presented. Furthermore, for the first time, π-extended carbo[n]helicenes containing a nine-membered ring as part of the helical moiety have been synthesized. The combination of a [5]helicene moiety and a nonagon ring in a single chiral motif induces a tremendous distortion from planarity into the nanographenic structures compared to other saddle-helix hybrids such as heptagon- and octagon-containing π-extended carbo[5]helicenes. In fact, the interplanar angle of the two terminal rings reaches the largest angle (134.8°) of a carbohelicene reported to date, thus being by far the most twisted helicene yet prepared. Photophysical properties evaluation showed improved absorption dissymmetry factors (|gabs |=4.2×10-3 ) in the new family of nonagon-containing π-extended carbo[5]helicenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Medel
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUnidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ)Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Granada18071GranadaSpain
| | - Carlos M. Cruz
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Delia Miguel
- Departamento de FisicoquímicaFacultad de Farmacia, UEQUniversidad de Granada18071GranadaSpain
| | - Victor Blanco
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUnidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ)Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Granada18071GranadaSpain
| | - Sara P. Morcillo
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUnidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ)Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Granada18071GranadaSpain
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUnidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ)Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de Granada18071GranadaSpain
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44
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Medel MA, Cruz CM, Miguel D, Blanco V, Morcillo SP, Campaña AG. Chiral Distorted Hexa‐
peri
‐hexabenzocoronenes Bearing a Nonagon‐Embedded Carbohelicene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Medel
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ) Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Carlos M. Cruz
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Delia Miguel
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica Facultad de Farmacia, UEQ Universidad de Granada 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Victor Blanco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ) Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Sara P. Morcillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ) Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Unidad de Excelencia de Química (UEQ) Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada 18071 Granada Spain
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45
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Yang X, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Contorted Heteroannulated Tetraareno[a,d,j,m]coronenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:14345-14352. [PMID: 34374459 PMCID: PMC8596641 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fused polycyclic aromatic compounds are interesting materials for organic electronics applications. To fine-tune photophysical or electrochemical properties, either various substituents can be attached or heteroatoms (such as N or S) can be incorporated into the fused aromatic backbone. Coronenes and heterocoronenes are promising compounds in this respect. Up until now, the possibilities for varying the attached fused heteroaromatics at the coronene core were quite limited, and realizing both electron-withdrawing and -donating rings at the same time was very difficult. Here, a series of pyridine, anisole and thiophene annulated tetraareno[a,d,j,m]coronenes has been synthesized by a facile two-step route that is a combination of Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and a following cyclization step, starting from three different diarenoperylene dibromides. The contorted molecular π-planes of the obtained cata-condensed tetraarenocoronenes were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and the photophysical and electrochemical properties were systematically investigated by UV/Vis spectroscopy and cyclovoltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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46
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47
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Zou Y, Han Y, Wu S, Hou X, Chow CHE, Wu J. Scholl Reaction of Perylene-Based Polyphenylene Precursors under Different Conditions: Formation of Hexagon or Octagon? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17654-17663. [PMID: 34002913 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A planar dibenzo-peri-hexacene derivative (2) was synthesized via FeCl3 -mediated Scholl reaction from a cyclopenta-fused perylene (CP) based polyphenylene precursor (1). However, an unexpected octagon-containing, negatively curved molecule (3) was obtained in nearly quantitative yield when 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and methanesulfonic acid (MeSO3 H) were used. Similar results were observed when two smaller-sized precursors containing one (4) or two CP units (5) were tested. X-ray crystallographic analysis also revealed that there is no close π-π stacking between neighboring π-conjugated skeletons. DFT calculations suggest a radical cation mechanism in the presence of FeCl3 while an arenium ion pathway for the DDQ/MeSO3 H mediated Scholl reaction, which can well explain the selective formation of hexagons and octagons under different conditions. The obtained compounds showed tunable optical and electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chi Hao Eugene Chow
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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48
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Zou Y, Han Y, Wu S, Hou X, Chow CHE, Wu J. Scholl Reaction of Perylene‐Based Polyphenylene Precursors under Different Conditions: Formation of Hexagon or Octagon? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Chi Hao Eugene Chow
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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49
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Liu P, Chen XY, Cao J, Ruppenthal L, Gottfried JM, Müllen K, Wang XY. Revisiting Acepleiadylene: Two-Step Synthesis and π-Extension toward Nonbenzenoid Nanographene. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5314-5318. [PMID: 33784083 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Acepleiadylene (APD), a nonbenzenoid nonalternant isomer of pyrene, exhibits different electronic properties from pyrene, but has been rarely studied since its first synthesis in 1956, probably due to the difficulties in synthesis and further derivatization. In this work, we revisited this long-known compound and developed a new two-step synthetic route to efficiently access APD on the gram scale. Theoretical and experimental characterizations elucidated the unique properties of APD as compared with its benzenoid isomer pyrene, particularly revealing its dipolar structure with a narrow optical gap. The functionalization of APD was demonstrated for the first time, providing doubly brominated APD as a key precursor for further π-extension. As a proof of concept, a π-extended APD and a cyclotrimer nanographene (C48H24) were constructed, opening up new avenues to nonbenzenoid nanographenes with low HOMO-LUMO gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xing-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiawen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lukas Ruppenthal
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - J Michael Gottfried
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiao-Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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50
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Yang X, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Benzo-Fused Perylene Oligomers with up to 13 Linearly Annulated Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7941-7946. [PMID: 33460231 PMCID: PMC8048933 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The longer acenes with more than six linearly fused six-membered rings are still fascinating chemists and physicists because of their unique photophysical properties and their high potential for organic electronics applications. Unfortunately, with increasing size (seven and more rings) these compounds rapidly lose chemical stability. Besides kinetic and chemical stabilization approaches introducing either bulky or electron-withdrawing groups or both, such systems also have been stabilized by peri-annulation. Although strictly spoken, these peri-annulated compounds are no longer real acenes, they have fascinating properties as well. Herein, we describe the first synthesis of a new series of peri-annulated acenes with up to 13 linearly fused rings, which is unprecedented till date. Furthermore, this new series contains perylene units connected through benzene rings along their [b,k]edges, responsible for unique absorption and emission properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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