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Ahamad S, Abdulla M, Saquib M, Kamil Hussain M. Pseudo-Natural Products: Expanding chemical and biological space by surpassing natural constraints. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107525. [PMID: 38852308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the recent advancements in the design and synthesis of pseudo-natural products (pseudo-NPs) by employing innovative principles and strategies, heralding a transformative era in chemistry and biology. Pseudo-NPs, produced through in silico fragmentation and the de novo recombination of natural product fragments, reveal compounds endowed with distinct biological activities. Their advantage lies in transcending natural product structures, fostering diverse possibilities. Research in this area over the past decade has yielded unconventional combinations of natural product fragments, leading to the identification of novel compounds possessing unique scaffolds and biological significance, thereby contributing to the discovery of new therapeutics. The pseudo-NPs exert potent biological effects through various signaling pathways. In chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, designing pseudo-NPs is an important strategy, harnessing molecular hybridization and bioinspired synthesis to generate diverse compounds with remarkable biological activities, underscoring their immense potential in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India.
| | - Mohd Abdulla
- Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226025, India
| | - Mohammad Saquib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211002, UP, India; Department of Chemistry, G. R. P. B. Degree College, P. R. S. University, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211010, UP, India.
| | - Mohd Kamil Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Raza P.G. College, Rampur-244901, UP, India.
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Pahl A, Grygorenko OO, Kondratov IS, Waldmann H. Identification of readily available pseudo-natural products. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2709-2717. [PMID: 39149091 PMCID: PMC11324060 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudo-natural products (PNPs) combine fragments derived from NPs in ways that are not found in nature, and may lead to the discovery of novel chemotypes for unexpected targets or the identification of unprecedented bioactivities. PNPs have increasingly been explored in recent drug discovery programs, and are strongly enriched in clinical compounds. We describe how a large number of structurally different PNPs can be accessed readily and without the need to execute labor- and time intensive synthesis programs. We employed an improved version of the previously reported natural product fragment combination (NPFC) tool to analyze the full library of 3.5 M synthetic small molecules and screening libraries from Enamine for PNP content, assessed the spatial complexity of Enamine-PNPs using the recently developed normalized spatial score (nSPS) and evaluated the bioactivity of a selected subset of Enamine-PNPs in the unbiased morphological cell painting assay. A major fraction (32%; 1.1 million compounds) of the Enamine library are PNPs which contain a significant number of compounds with unexpected and probably new bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Pahl
- Compound Management and Screening Center (COMAS), Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyïv 02094 Ukraine https://enamine.net
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyïv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Ivan S Kondratov
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyïv 02094 Ukraine https://enamine.net
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine Akademik Kukhar Street 1 Kyïv 02660 Ukraine
- Enamine Germany GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst G837 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany https://www.enamine.de
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
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Kooshan Z, Cárdenas-Piedra L, Clements J, Batra J. Glycolysis, the sweet appetite of the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2024; 600:217156. [PMID: 39127341 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells display an altered metabolic phenotype, characterised by increased glycolysis and lactate production, even in the presence of sufficient oxygen - a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. This metabolic reprogramming is a crucial adaptation that enables cancer cells to meet their elevated energy and biosynthetic demands. Importantly, the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in shaping and sustaining this metabolic shift in cancer cells. This review explores the intricate relationship between the tumor microenvironment and the Warburg effect, highlighting how communication within this niche regulates cancer cell metabolism and impacts tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. We discuss the potential of targeting the Warburg effect as a promising therapeutic strategy, with the aim of disrupting the metabolic advantage of cancer cells and enhancing our understanding of this complex interplay within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Kooshan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Center for Genomics and Personalised Health, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lilibeth Cárdenas-Piedra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Center for Genomics and Personalised Health, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Cell & Tissue Engineering Technologies, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Center for Genomics and Personalised Health, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Center for Genomics and Personalised Health, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Cell & Tissue Engineering Technologies, Brisbane, Australia.
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Ni X, Lu CP, Xu GQ, Ma JJ. Transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications in the glycolytic pathway for targeted cancer therapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1533-1555. [PMID: 38622288 PMCID: PMC11272797 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells largely rely on aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect to generate essential biomolecules and energy for their rapid growth. The key modulators in glycolysis including glucose transporters and enzymes, e.g. hexokinase 2, enolase 1, pyruvate kinase M2, lactate dehydrogenase A, play indispensable roles in glucose uptake, glucose consumption, ATP generation, lactate production, etc. Transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications (PTMs) of these critical modulators are important for signal transduction and metabolic reprogramming in the glycolytic pathway, which can provide energy advantages to cancer cell growth. In this review we recapitulate the recent advances in research on glycolytic modulators of cancer cells and analyze the strategies targeting these vital modulators including small-molecule inhibitors and microRNAs (miRNAs) for targeted cancer therapy. We focus on the regulation of the glycolytic pathway at the transcription level (e.g., hypoxia-inducible factor 1, c-MYC, p53, sine oculis homeobox homolog 1, N6-methyladenosine modification) and PTMs (including phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, etc.) of the key regulators in these processes. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of the regulation of the key modulators in the glycolytic pathway and might shed light on the targeted cancer therapy at different molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Cheng-Piao Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Suzhou International Joint Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Yadav M, Roy N, Mandal K, Nagpure M, Santra MK, Guchhait SK. Rutaecarpine-inspired scaffold-hopping strategy and Ullmann cross-coupling based synthetic approach: Identification of pyridopyrimidinone-indole based novel anticancer chemotypes. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 109:117799. [PMID: 38897138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Natural products as starting templates have shown historically major contribution to development of drugs. Inspired by the structure-function of an anticancer natural alkaloid Rutaecarpine, the Scaffold-hopped Acyclic Analogues of Rutaecarpine (SAAR) with 'N'-atom switch (1°-hop) and ring-opening (2°-hop) were investigated. A new synthetic route was developed for an effective access to the analogues, i.e. 2-indolyl-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinones, which involved preparation of N-Boc-N'-phthaloyltryptamine/mexamine-bromides and pyridopyrmidinon-2-yl triflate, a nickel/palladium-catalysed Ullmann cross-coupling of these bromides and triflate, deprotection of phthalimide followed by N-aroylation, and Boc-deprotection. Fourteen novel SAAR-compounds were prepared, and they showed characteristic antiproliferative activity against various cancer cells. Three most active compounds (11a, 11b, and 11c) exhibited good antiproliferative activity, IC50 7.7-15.8 µM against human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7), lung cancer cells (A549), and colon cancer cells (HCT-116). The antiproliferative property was also observed in the colony formation assay. The SAAR compound 11b was found to have superior potency than original natural product Rutaecarpine and an anticancer drug 5-FU in antiproliferative activities with relatively lower cytotoxicity towards normal breast epithelial cells (MCF10A) and significantly higher inhibitory effect on cancer cells' migration. The compound 11b was found to possess favourable in silico physicochemical characteristics (lipophilicity-MLOGP, TPSA, and water solubility-ESOL, and others), bioavailability score, and pharmacokinetic properties (GI absorption, BBB non-permeant, P-gp, and CYP2D6). Interestingly, the compound 11b did not show any medicinal chemistry structural alert of PAINS and Brenk filter. The study represents for the first time the successful discovery of new potent anticancer chemotypes using Rutaecarpine natural alkaloid as starting template and reaffirms the significance of natural product-inspired scaffold-hopping technique in drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Yadav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Nibedita Roy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Kartik Mandal
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharastra 411007, India
| | - Mithilesh Nagpure
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Manas K Santra
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharastra 411007, India
| | - Sankar K Guchhait
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India.
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Lv L, Song K, Xiao Y, Zheng J, Zhang W, Li L, Wei Y, Chen H, He Y, Guo Z, Nie S. Design, synthesis and anticancer activity of β-carboline based pseudo-natural products by inhibiting AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107648. [PMID: 39032406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and remains the leading cause of cancer deaths. Much progress has been made to treat NSCLC, however, only limited patients can benefit from current treatments. Thus, more efforts are needed to pursue novel molecular modalities for NSCLC treatment. It was demonstrated that pseudo-natural products (PNP) are a critical source for antitumor drug discovery. Herein, we describe a CH activation protocol for the expedient construction of a focused library utilizing the PNP rational design strategy. This protocol features a rhodium-catalyzed CH activation/ [4+2] annulation reaction between N-OAc-indole-2-carboxamide and alkynyl quinols, enabling facile access to diverse quinol substituted β-carboline derivatives (31 examples). The anticancer activities were assessed in vitro against NSCLC cell line A549, yielding a potent antiproliferative β-carboline derivative (8r) with an IC50 value of 0.8 ± 0.1 µM. Further investigation revealed that this compound could decrease the expression of Caspase 3, and increase the expression of autophagic protein Cyclin B1, thus markedly inducing autophagy and apoptosis. Mechanistic study suggested that 8r could be a potent anti-NSCLC agent through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in A549 cells. Moreover, the anticancer activities were also assessed against three other cancer cell lines, and 8r exhibits a broader inhibitory effect on cell proliferation in all cancer cell lines tested. These results indicated that carboline-based PNPs show great potential to induce cell autophagy and apoptosis, which serve as good leads for further drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Lv
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences & Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kunlin Song
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences & Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yijie Xiao
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences & Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences & Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences & Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences & Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yue Wei
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences & Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi He
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences & Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Zufeng Guo
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences & Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Shenyou Nie
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences & Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Li J, Li Y, Chen G, Liang Y, Xie J, Zhang S, Zhong K, Jiang T, Yi H, Tang H, Chen X. GLUT1 Promotes NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation of Airway Epithelium in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1185-1196. [PMID: 38548270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a devastating clinical syndrome caused by different factors, with high morbidity and mortality. Lung injury and inflammation caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can be modulated by NLRP3 inflammasome activation, yet its exact function within the airway epithelium is still unknown. Meanwhile, glucose transporter protein 1 (GLUT1) contributes to a number of inflammatory illnesses, including ALI. The present study aimed to assess GLUT1's function in NLRP3 inflammasome activation of airway epithelium in LPS-induced acute lung injury. BALB/c mice and BEAS-2B cells were exposed to LPS (5 mg/kg and 200 μg/mL, respectively), with or without GLUT1 antagonists (WZB117 or BAY876). LPS up-regulated pulmonary expression of NLRP3 and GLUT1 in mice, which could be blocked by WZB117 or BAY876. Pharmacological inhibition of GLUT1 in vivo significantly attenuated lung tissue damage, neutrophil accumulation, and proinflammatory factors release (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) in LPS-exposed mice. Meanwhile, the activation markers of NLRP3 inflammasome (ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18) induced by LPS were also suppressed. In cultured BEAS-2B cells, LPS induced an increase in GLUT1 expression and triggered activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, both of which were inhibited by GLUT1 antagonists. These results illustrate that GLUT1 participates in LPS-induced ALI and promotes the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehong Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijian Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanjin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuiying Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haisu Yi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixiong Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Yao M, Wang H, Wang Z, Song C, Sa X, Du W, Ye M, Qiao X. Construct Phenylethanoid Glycosides Harnessing Biosynthetic Networks, Protein Engineering and One-Pot Multienzyme Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402546. [PMID: 38616162 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) exhibit a multitude of structural variations linked to diverse pharmacological activities. Assembling various PhGs via multienzyme cascades represents a concise strategy over traditional synthetic methods. However, the challenge lies in identifying a comprehensive set of catalytic enzymes. This study explores biosynthetic PhG reconstruction from natural precursors, aiming to replicate and amplify their structural diversity. We discovered 12 catalytic enzymes, including four novel 6'-OH glycosyltransferases and three new polyphenol oxidases, revealing the intricate network in PhG biosynthesis. Subsequently, the crystal structure of CmGT3 (2.62 Å) was obtained, guiding the identification of conserved residue 144# as a critical determinant for sugar donor specificity. Engineering this residue in PhG glycosyltransferases (FsGT61, CmGT3, and FsGT6) altered their sugar donor recognition. Finally, a one-pot multienzyme cascade was established, where the combined action of glycosyltransferases and acyltransferases boosted conversion rates by up to 12.6-fold. This cascade facilitated the reconstruction of 26 PhGs with conversion rates ranging from 5-100 %, and 20 additional PhGs detectable by mass spectrometry. PhGs with extra glycosyl and hydroxyl modules demonstrated notable liver cell protection. This work not only provides catalytic tools for PhG biosynthesis, but also serves as a proof-of-concept for cell-free enzymatic construction of diverse natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingju Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chenglin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaolin Sa
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Du
- Agilent Technologies, 3 Wangjing North Road, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
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Prodromou SI, Chatzopoulou F, Saiti A, Giannopoulos-Dimitriou A, Koudoura LA, Pantazaki AA, Chatzidimitriou D, Vasiliou V, Vizirianakis IS. Hepatotoxicity assessment of innovative nutritional supplements based on olive-oil formulations enriched with natural antioxidants. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1388492. [PMID: 38812942 PMCID: PMC11133736 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1388492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study focuses on the assessment of extra virgin olive-oil and olive fruit-based formulations enriched with natural antioxidants as potential nutritional supplements for alleviating symptoms and long-term consequences of illnesses whose molecular pathophysiology is affected by oxidative stress and inflammation, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods Besides evaluating cell viability and proliferation capacity of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells exposed to formulations in culture, hepatotoxicity was also considered as an additional safety measure using quantitative real-time PCR on RNA samples isolated from the cell cultures and applying approaches of targeted molecular analysis to uncover potential pathway effects through gene expression profiling. Furthermore, the formulations investigated in this work contrast the addition of natural extract with chemical forms and evaluate the antioxidant delivery mode on cell toxicity. Results The results indicate minimal cellular toxicity and a significant beneficial impact on metabolic molecular pathways in HepG2 cell cultures, thus paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies using olive-oil and antioxidants in dietary supplements to minimize the long-term effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory signals in individuals being suffered by disorders like AD. Discussion Overall, the experimental design and the data obtained support the notion of applying innovative molecular methodologies and research techniques to evidently advance the delivery, as well as the scientific impact and validation of nutritional supplements and dietary products to improve public health and healthcare outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia I. Prodromou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Fani Chatzopoulou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Labnet Laboratories, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Saiti
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Loukia A. Koudoura
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia A. Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Chatzidimitriou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ioannis S. Vizirianakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Liu Y, Li X, Yang J, Chen S, Zhu C, Shi Y, Dang S, Zhang W, Li W. Pan-cancer analysis of SLC2A family genes as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29655. [PMID: 38655365 PMCID: PMC11036058 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The major facilitator superfamily glucose transporters (GLUTs), encoded by solute carrier 2A (SLC2A) genes, mediate the transmembrane movement and uptake of glucose. To satisfy the improved energy demands, glycolysis flux is increased in cancers compared with healthy tissues. Multiple diseases, including cancer, have been associated with GLUTs. Nevertheless, not much research has been done on the functions of SLC2As in pan-cancer prognosis or their clinical treatment potential. Methods The SLC2A family genes' level of expression and prognostic values were analyzed in relation to pan-cancer. We then examined the association among SLC2As expression and TME, Stemness score, clinical characteristics, immune subtypes, and drug sensitivity. We merged bioinformatics analysis techniques with up-to-date public databases. Additionally, SLC2As from the KOBAS database were subjected to enrichment analysis. Results We discovered that SLC2As' gene expression differed significantly between normal tissues and many malignancies. A number of tumors from various databases demonstrate a relationship between prognosis and SLC2A family gene expression. For instance, SLC2A2 and SLC2A5 were associated with the overall survival (OS) of hepatocellular carcinoma. SLC2A1 was associated with the OS of lung adenocarcinoma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Moreover, the SLC2A family gene expression is significantly correlated with the pan-cancer stromal and immune scores, and the RNA and DNA stemness scores. Furthermore, we found that the majority of SLC2As had a strong correlation with the tumor stages in KIRC. The immunological subtypes and all members of the SLC2A gene family exhibited a substantial correlation. Moreover, pathways containing insulin resistance and adipocytokine signaling pathway may influence the progression of some cancers. Finally, there is a significant positive or negative connection between drug sensitivity and SLC2A1 expression. Conclusion Our research highlights the significant promise of SLC2As as prognostic indicators and offers insightful approaches for upcoming exploration of SLC2As as putative therapeutic targets in malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Liu
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changyu Zhu
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Shi
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shoutao Dang
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weitao Zhang
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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11
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Das AP, Agarwal SM. Recent advances in the area of plant-based anti-cancer drug discovery using computational approaches. Mol Divers 2024; 28:901-925. [PMID: 36670282 PMCID: PMC9859751 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Phytocompounds are a well-established source of drug discovery due to their unique chemical and functional diversities. In the area of cancer therapeutics, several phytocompounds have been used till date to design and develop new drugs. One of the desired interests of pharmaceutical companies and researchers globally is that new anti-cancer leads are discovered, for which phytocompounds can be considered a valuable source. Simultaneously, in recent years, the growth of computational approaches like virtual screening (VS), molecular dynamics (MD), pharmacophore modelling, Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET), network biology, and machine learning (ML) has gained importance due to their efficiency, reduced time-consuming nature, and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, the present review amalgamates the information on plant-based molecules identified for cancer lead discovery from in silico approaches. The mandate of this review is to discuss studies published in the last 5-6 years that aim to identify the phytomolecules as leads against cancer with the help of traditional computational approaches as well as newer techniques like network pharmacology and ML. This review also lists the databases and webservers available in the public domain for phytocompounds related information that can be harnessed for drug discovery. It is expected that the present review would be useful to pharmacologists, medicinal chemists, molecular biologists, and other researchers involved in the development of natural products (NPs) into clinically effective lead molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneesh Pratim Das
- Bioinformatics Division, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, I-7, Sector-39, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - Subhash Mohan Agarwal
- Bioinformatics Division, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, I-7, Sector-39, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India.
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12
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Picard LK, Niemann JA, Littwitz-Salomon E, Waldmann H, Watzl C. Restriction of Glycolysis Increases Serial Killing Capacity of Natural Killer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2917. [PMID: 38474166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells rely heavily on glycolysis to meet their high metabolic demands. While this results in nutrient deprivation within the tumor microenvironment and has negative effects on infiltrating immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells, it also creates a potential target for cancer therapies. Here we use Glupin, an inhibitor of glucose transporters, to study the effect of limited glucose uptake on NK cells and their anti-tumor functions. Glupin treatment effectively inhibited glucose uptake and restricted glycolysis in NK cells. However, acute treatment had no negative effect on NK cell cytotoxicity or cytokine production. Long-term restriction of glucose uptake via Glupin treatment only delayed NK cell proliferation, as they could switch to glutaminolysis as an alternative energy source. While IFN-γ production was partially impaired, long-term Glupin treatment had no negative effect on degranulation. Interestingly, the serial killing activity of NK cells was even slightly enhanced, possibly due to changes in NAD metabolism. This demonstrates that NK cell cytotoxicity is remarkably robust and insensitive to metabolic disturbances, which makes cellular metabolism an attractive target for immune-mediated tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Katharina Picard
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jens Alexander Niemann
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Littwitz-Salomon
- Institute for Virology, Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Hospital Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
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13
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Liao M, Yao D, Wu L, Luo C, Wang Z, Zhang J, Liu B. Targeting the Warburg effect: A revisited perspective from molecular mechanisms to traditional and innovative therapeutic strategies in cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:953-1008. [PMID: 38487001 PMCID: PMC10935242 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer reprogramming is an important facilitator of cancer development and survival, with tumor cells exhibiting a preference for aerobic glycolysis beyond oxidative phosphorylation, even under sufficient oxygen supply condition. This metabolic alteration, known as the Warburg effect, serves as a significant indicator of malignant tumor transformation. The Warburg effect primarily impacts cancer occurrence by influencing the aerobic glycolysis pathway in cancer cells. Key enzymes involved in this process include glucose transporters (GLUTs), HKs, PFKs, LDHs, and PKM2. Moreover, the expression of transcriptional regulatory factors and proteins, such as FOXM1, p53, NF-κB, HIF1α, and c-Myc, can also influence cancer progression. Furthermore, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circular RNAs play a vital role in directly regulating the Warburg effect. Additionally, gene mutations, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and immune system interactions are closely associated with the Warburg effect. Notably, the development of drugs targeting the Warburg effect has exhibited promising potential in tumor treatment. This comprehensive review presents novel directions and approaches for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients by conducting in-depth research and summarizing the bright prospects of targeting the Warburg effect in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minru Liao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dahong Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Lifeng Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chaodan Luo
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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14
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Chai F, Zhang J, Fu T, Jiang P, Huang Y, Wang L, Yan S, Yan X, Yu L, Xu Z, Wang R, Xu B, Du X, Jiang Y, Zhang J. Identification of SLC2A3 as a prognostic indicator correlated with the NF-κB/EMT axis and immune response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2208928. [PMID: 37134043 PMCID: PMC10158547 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2208928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC2A3 is an important member of the glucose transporter superfamily. It has been recently suggested that upregulation of SLC2A3 is associated with poor survival and acts as a prognostic marker in a variety of tumors. Unfortunately, the prognostic role of SLC2A3 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is less known. In the present study, we analyzed SLC2A3 expression in HNSC and its correlation with prognosis using TCGA and GEO databases. The results showed that SLC2A3 mRNA expression was higher in HNSC compared with adjacent normal tissues, which was validated with our 9 pairs of HNSC specimens. Moreover, high SLC2A3 expression predicted poor prognosis in HNSC patients. Mechanistically, GSEA revealed that high expression of SLC2A3 was enriched in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and NF-κB signaling. In HNSC cell lines, SLC2A3 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and migration. In addition, NF-κB P65 and EMT-related gene expression was suppressed upon SLC2A3 knockdown, indicating that SLC2A3 may play a preeminent role in the progression of HNSC through the NF-κB/EMT axis. Meanwhile, the expression of SLC2A3 was negatively correlated with immune cells, suggesting that SLC2A3 may be involved in the immune response in HNSC. The correlation between SLC2A3 expression and drug sensitivity was further assessed. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that SLC2A3 could predict the prognosis of HNSC patients and mediate the progression of HNSC via the NF-κB/EMT axis and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Chai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Organ Transplantation Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yichuan Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shu Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xudong Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Longgang Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruohuang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bingqing Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyun Du
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jisheng Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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15
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Temre MK, Devi B, Singh VK, Goel Y, Yadav S, Pandey SK, Kumar R, Kumar A, Singh SM. Molecular characterization of glutor-GLUT interaction and prediction of glutor's drug-likeness: implications for its utility as an antineoplastic agent. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11262-11273. [PMID: 36571488 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2161010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent experimental evidence from our and other laboratories has strongly indicated that glutor, a piperazine-2-one derivative, which is a pan-GLUT inhibitor, displays a promising antineoplastic action by hampering glucose uptake owing to its ability to inhibit GLUT1 and GLUT3, which are overexpressed in neoplastic cells. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of the inhibiting action of glutor has remained elusive. Thus, for optimal utilization of the antineoplastic potential of glutor, it is essential to decipher the precise mechanism(s) of its interaction with GLUTs. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to understand the molecular mechanism(s) of the binding of glutor to GLUT1 and GLUT3 in silico. This study suggests that glutor can effectively bind to GLUTs at the reported binding site. Moreover, the docking of glutor to GLUT was stabilised by several contacts between these two partners as shown by the 200 ns long molecular dynamic simulation carried out using Gromacs, indicating the formation of a stable complex. Moreover, glutor was found to possess all characteristics conducive to its drug-likeness. Hence, these observations suggest that glutor has the potential to be used in antineoplastic therapeutic applications.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithlesh Kumar Temre
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Bharti Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Singh
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Yugal Goel
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Saveg Yadav
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shrish Kumar Pandey
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sukh Mahendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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16
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Zheng J, Tao F, Shen X, Yang Z, Zhang J, Chen Y, Liu X, Qi Y, Luo H. Rapid Construction of Vinyl Indomorphans by Rhenium Catalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:8457-8462. [PMID: 37976044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Here, an efficient route for accessing the vinylindomorphan skeleton is achieved by rhenium(I) catalysis. This transformation involves the condensation of indoles and alkyne-linked cyclohexanones, followed by intramolecular annulation to build the [3.3.1] bicyclic structure. This protocol complements the synthesis of the structurally complex heterocycles bearing a vinyl indole moiety. In addition, the selected products exhibited moderate cytotoxicity toward human A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zheng
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Furong Tao
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Xiaoqin Shen
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Zhongtao Yang
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Yanduo Chen
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Xuran Liu
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Yi Qi
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Hui Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
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17
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Qin LQ, Sun JY, Chen NY, Li XW, Gao DF, Wang W, Mo DL, Su JC, Su GF, Pan CX. Design and synthesis of pseudo-rutaecarpines as potent anti-inflammatory agents via regulating MAPK/NF-κB pathways to relieve inflammation-induced acute liver injury in mice. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106611. [PMID: 37236073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pseudo-natural products (PNPs) design strategy provides a great valuable entrance to effectively identify of novel bioactive scaffolds. In this report, novel pseudo-rutaecarpines were designed via the combination of several privileged structure units and 46 target compounds were synthesized. Most of them display moderate to potent inhibitory effect on LPS-induced NO production and low cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 macrophage. The results of the anti-inflammatory efficacy and action mechanism of compounds 7l and 8c indicated that they significantly reduced the release of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. Further studies revealed that they can strongly inhibit the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signal pathways. The LPS-induced acute liver injury mice model studies not only confirmed their anti-inflammatory efficacy in vivo but also could effectively relieve the liver injury in mice. The results suggest that compounds 7l and 8c might serve as lead compounds to develop therapeutic drugs for treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qing Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guilin Normal College, 9 Feihu Road, Gulin 541199, China
| | - Jia-Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Nan-Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xin-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - De-Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Wang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Dong-Liang Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jun-Cheng Su
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Gui-Fa Su
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Cheng-Xue Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China.
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18
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Jaworska M, Szczudło J, Pietrzyk A, Shah J, Trojan SE, Ostrowska B, Kocemba-Pilarczyk KA. The Warburg effect: a score for many instruments in the concert of cancer and cancer niche cells. Pharmacol Rep 2023:10.1007/s43440-023-00504-1. [PMID: 37332080 PMCID: PMC10374743 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Although Warburg's discovery of intensive glucose uptake by tumors, followed by lactate fermentation in oxygen presence of oxygen was made a century ago, it is still an area of intense research and development of new hypotheses that, layer by layer, unravel the complexities of neoplastic transformation. This seemingly simple metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells reveals an intriguing, multi-faceted nature that may link various phenomena including cell signaling, cell proliferation, ROS generation, energy supply, macromolecules synthesis/biosynthetic precursor supply, immunosuppression, or cooperation of cancerous cells with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), known as reversed Warburg effect. According to the current perception of the causes and consequences of the Warburg effect, PI3K/Akt/mTOR are the main signaling pathways that, in concert with the transcription factors HIF-1, p53, and c-Myc, modulate the activity/expression of key regulatory enzymes, including PKM2, and PDK1 to tune in the most optimal metabolic setting for the cancer cell. This in turn secures adequate levels of biosynthetic precursors, NADPH, NAD+, and rapid ATP production to meet the increased demands of intensively proliferating tumor cells. The end-product of "aerobic glycolysis", lactate, an oncometabolite, may provide fuel to neighboring cancer cells, and facilitate metastasis and immunosuppression together enabling cancer progression. The importance and possible applicability of the presented issue are best illustrated by numerous trials with various agents targeting the Warburg effect, constituting a promising strategy in future anti-cancer regimens. In this review, we present the key aspects of this multifactorial phenomenon, depicting the mechanisms and benefits behind the Warburg effect, and also pointing to selected aspects in the field of anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Jaworska
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Julia Szczudło
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adrian Pietrzyk
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jay Shah
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- Government Medical College Miraj, Miraj, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sonia E Trojan
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Ostrowska
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga A Kocemba-Pilarczyk
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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19
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Li J, Sheng H, Wang Y, Lai Z, Wang Y, Cui S. Scaffold Hybrid of the Natural Product Tanshinone I with Piperidine for the Discovery of a Potent NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2946-2963. [PMID: 36786612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural products provide inspiration and have proven to be the most valuable source for drug discovery. Herein, we report a scaffold hybrid strategy of Tanshinone I for the discovery of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors. 36 compounds were designed and synthesized, and the cheminformatic analyses showed that these compounds occupy a unique chemical space. The biological evaluation identified compounds 5j, 12a, and 12d as NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors with significant potency, selectivity, and drug-likeness. Mechanistic studies revealed that these Tanshinone I derivatives could inhibit the degradation of the protein NLRP3 and block the oligomerization of NLRP3-induced apoptosis-associated speck-like proteins, thus inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In addition, the water solubility, in vitro metabolic stability, and oral bioavailability of these compounds were also greatly improved compared to Tanshinone I. Therefore, this protocol provides a new structural evolution of Tanshinone I and a new class of potent NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongda Sheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhencheng Lai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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20
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Wu WZ, Bai YP. Endothelial GLUTs and vascular biology. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114151. [PMID: 36565587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial metabolism is a promising target for vascular functional regulation and disease therapy. Glucose is the primary fuel for endothelial metabolism, supporting ATP generation and endothelial cell survival. Multiple studies have discussed the role of endothelial glucose catabolism, such as glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, in vascular functional remodeling. However, the role of the first gatekeepers of endothelial glucose utilization, glucose transporters, in the vasculature has long been neglected. Here, this review summarizes glucose transporter studies in vascular research. We mainly focus on GLUT1 and GLUT3 because they are the most critical glucose transporters responsible for most endothelial glucose uptake. Some interesting topics are also discussed, intending to provide directions for endothelial glucose transporter research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Zhou Wu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Center for Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine, Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Ping Bai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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21
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Grigalunas M, Patil S, Krzyzanowski A, Pahl A, Flegel J, Schölermann B, Xie J, Sievers S, Ziegler S, Waldmann H. Unprecedented Combination of Polyketide Natural Product Fragments Identifies the New Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Inhibitor Grismonone. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202164. [PMID: 36083197 PMCID: PMC10091983 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pseudo-natural products (pseudo-NPs) are de novo combinations of natural product (NP) fragments that define novel bioactive chemotypes. For their discovery, new design principles are being sought. Previously, pseudo-NPs were synthesized by the combination of fragments originating from biosynthetically unrelated NPs to guarantee structural novelty and novel bioactivity. We report the combination of fragments from biosynthetically related NPs in novel arrangements to yield a novel chemotype with activity not shared by the guiding fragments. We describe the synthesis of the polyketide pseudo-NP grismonone and identify it as a structurally novel and potent inhibitor of Hedgehog signaling. The insight that the de novo combination of fragments derived from biosynthetically related NPs may also yield new biologically relevant compound classes with unexpected bioactivity may be considered a chemical extension or diversion of existing biosynthetic pathways and greatly expands the opportunities for exploration of biologically relevant chemical space by means of the pseudo-NP principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Grigalunas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
| | - Sohan Patil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
| | - Adrian Krzyzanowski
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryChemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
- Compound Management and Screening CenterDortmund44227Germany
| | - Jana Flegel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
| | - Beate Schölermann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
| | - Jianing Xie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
- Compound Management and Screening CenterDortmund44227Germany
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryChemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
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22
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Young RJ, Flitsch SL, Grigalunas M, Leeson PD, Quinn RJ, Turner NJ, Waldmann H. The Time and Place for Nature in Drug Discovery. JACS AU 2022; 2:2400-2416. [PMID: 36465532 PMCID: PMC9709949 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The case for a renewed focus on Nature in drug discovery is reviewed; not in terms of natural product screening, but how and why biomimetic molecules, especially those produced by natural processes, should deliver in the age of artificial intelligence and screening of vast collections both in vitro and in silico. The declining natural product-likeness of licensed drugs and the consequent physicochemical implications of this trend in the context of current practices are noted. To arrest these trends, the logic of seeking new bioactive agents with enhanced natural mimicry is considered; notably that molecules constructed by proteins (enzymes) are more likely to interact with other proteins (e.g., targets and transporters), a notion validated by natural products. Nature's finite number of building blocks and their interactions necessarily reduce potential numbers of structures, yet these enable expansion of chemical space with their inherent diversity of physical characteristics, pertinent to property-based design. The feasible variations on natural motifs are considered and expanded to encompass pseudo-natural products, leading to the further logical step of harnessing bioprocessing routes to access them. Together, these offer opportunities for enhancing natural mimicry, thereby bringing innovation to drug synthesis exploiting the characteristics of natural recognition processes. The potential for computational guidance to help identifying binding commonalities in the route map is a logical opportunity to enable the design of tailored molecules, with a focus on "organic/biological" rather than purely "synthetic" structures. The design and synthesis of prototype structures should pay dividends in the disposition and efficacy of the molecules, while inherently enabling greener and more sustainable manufacturing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Grigalunas
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Paul D. Leeson
- Paul
Leeson Consulting Limited, The Malt House, Main Street, Congerstone, Nuneaton, Warwickshire CV13 6LZ, U.K.
| | - Ronald J. Quinn
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Faculty of
Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical
University of Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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23
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Davies C, Dötsch L, Ciulla MG, Hennes E, Yoshida K, Gasper R, Scheel R, Sievers S, Strohmann C, Kumar K, Ziegler S, Waldmann H. Identification of a Novel Pseudo-Natural Product Type IV IDO1 Inhibitor Chemotype. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209374. [PMID: 35959923 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural product (NP)-inspired design principles provide invaluable guidance for bioactive compound discovery. Pseudo-natural products (PNPs) are de novo combinations of NP fragments to target biologically relevant chemical space not covered by NPs. We describe the design and synthesis of apoxidoles, a novel pseudo-NP class, whereby indole- and tetrahydropyridine fragments are linked in monopodal connectivity not found in nature. Apoxidoles are efficiently accessible by an enantioselective [4+2] annulation reaction. Biological evaluation revealed that apoxidoles define a new potent type IV inhibitor chemotype of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a heme-containing enzyme considered a target for the treatment of neurodegeneration, autoimmunity and cancer. Apoxidoles target apo-IDO1, prevent heme binding and induce unique amino acid positioning as revealed by crystal structure analysis. Novel type IV apo-IDO1 inhibitors are in high demand, and apoxidoles may provide new opportunities for chemical biology and medicinal chemistry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Davies
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Technical University of Dortmund, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lara Dötsch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Technical University of Dortmund, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Maria Gessica Ciulla
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Current address: Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering (CNTE), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Hennes
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Technical University of Dortmund, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kei Yoshida
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Raphael Gasper
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rebecca Scheel
- Technical University of Dortmund, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Compound Management and Screening Center (COMAS), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technical University of Dortmund, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kamal Kumar
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Current address: AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 475, 42117, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Technical University of Dortmund, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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24
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Jiang X, Yan N, Deng D, Yan C. Structural aspects of the glucose and monocarboxylate transporters involved in the Warburg effect. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:1180-1199. [PMID: 36082803 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells shift their glucose catabolism from aerobic respiration to lactic fermentation even in the presence of oxygen, and this is known as the "Warburg effect". To accommodate the high glucose demands and to avoid lactate accumulation, the expression levels of human glucose transporters (GLUTs) and human monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are elevated to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, inhibition of GLUTs and/or MCTs provides potential therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Here, we summarize recent advances in the structural characterization of GLUTs and MCTs, providing a comprehensive understanding of their transport and inhibition mechanisms to facilitate further development of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nieng Yan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dong Deng
- Department of Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuangye Yan
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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25
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Li Y, Cheng S, Tian Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Recent ring distortion reactions for diversifying complex natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1970-1992. [PMID: 35972343 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00027j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2013-2022.Chemical diversification of natural products is an efficient way to generate natural product-like compounds for modern drug discovery programs. Utilizing ring-distortion reactions for diversifying natural products would directly alter the core ring systems of small molecules and lead to the production of structurally complex and diverse compounds for high-throughput screening. We review the ring distortion reactions recently used in complexity-to-diversity (CtD) and pseudo natural products (pseudo-NPs) strategies for diversifying complex natural products. The core ring structures of natural products are altered via ring expansion, ring cleavage, ring edge-fusion, ring spiro-fusion, ring rearrangement, and ring contraction. These reactions can rapidly provide natural product-like collections with properties suitable for a wide variety of biological and medicinal applications. The challenges and limitations of current ring distortion reactions are critically assessed, and avenues for future improvements of this rapidly expanding field are discussed. We also provide a toolbox for chemists for the application of ring distortion reactions to access natural product-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Shihao Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Yun Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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26
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Davies C, Dötsch L, Ciulla MG, Hennes E, Yoshida K, Gasper R, Scheel R, Sievers S, Strohmann C, Kumar K, Ziegler S, Waldmann H. Identification of a Novel Pseudo‐Natural Product Type IV IDO1 Inhibitor Chemotype. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Davies
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie: Max-Planck-Institut fur molekulare Physiologie Chemical Biology GERMANY
| | - Lara Dötsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie: Max-Planck-Institut fur molekulare Physiologie Chemical Biology GERMANY
| | - Maria Gessica Ciulla
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie: Max-Planck-Institut fur molekulare Physiologie Chemical Biology GERMANY
| | - Elisabeth Hennes
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie: Max-Planck-Institut fur molekulare Physiologie Chemical Biology GERMANY
| | - Kei Yoshida
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie: Max-Planck-Institut fur molekulare Physiologie Chemical Biology GERMANY
| | - Raphael Gasper
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie: Max-Planck-Institut fur molekulare Physiologie Crystallography and Biophysics Facility GERMANY
| | - Rebecca Scheel
- Technische Universität Dortmund: Technische Universitat Dortmund Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie: Max-Planck-Institut fur molekulare Physiologie Compound Management and Screening Center GERMANY
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technische Universität Dortmund: Technische Universitat Dortmund Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Kamal Kumar
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie: Max-Planck-Institut fur molekulare Physiologie Chemical Biology GERMANY
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie: Max-Planck-Institut fur molekulare Physiologie Chemical Biology GERMANY
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology: Max-Planck-Institut fur molekulare Physiologie Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Str. 11 44227 Dortmund GERMANY
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27
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Yang Q, Wu F, Zhang Y, Wang R. FOXM1 regulates glycolysis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through PDK1. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3783-3796. [PMID: 35656815 PMCID: PMC9258706 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a well-known proto-oncogene that plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of various human cancers. However, the regulatory role and underlying mechanisms of FOXM1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metabolism remain unclear. We demonstrated that FOXM1 could positively regulate glycolysis in NPC cells. Functional studies have shown that pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) is involved in FOXM1-regulated lactate production, ATP generation and glycolysis. FOXM1 binds directly to the PDK1 promoter region and increases the expression of PDK1 at the transcriptional level, leading to the phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) at serine 293, inhibiting its activity. Knocking down FOXM1 using specific short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) can significantly decrease glycolysis and the expression of PDK1 in NPC cells. Furthermore, microenvironmental factors can increase the expression of FOXM1 by regulating hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression. Clinical data and in vivo studies confirmed the positive roles of FOXM1/PDK1 in NPC proliferation and progression. In conclusion, our findings revealed that FOXM1 regulates glycolysis and proliferation of NPC through PDK1-mediated PDH phosphorylation. Therefore, targeting the FOXM1-PDK1 axis may be a potential therapeutic strategy for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Rensheng Wang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
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28
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Heaton BJ, Jensen RL, Line J, David CAW, Brain DE, Chadwick AE, Liptrott NJ. Exposure of human immune cells, to the antiretrovirals efavirenz and lopinavir, leads to lower glucose uptake and altered bioenergetic cell profiles through interactions with SLC2A1. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112999. [PMID: 35461087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC2A1 mediates glucose cellular uptake; key to appropriate immune function. Our previous work has shown efavirenz and lopinavir exposure inhibits T cell and macrophage responses, to known agonists, likely via interactions with glucose transporters. Using human cell lines as a model, we assessed glucose uptake and subsequent bioenergetic profiles, linked to immunological responses. Glucose uptake was measured using 2-deoxyglucose as a surrogate for endogenous glucose, using commercially available reagents. mRNA expression of SLC transporters was investigated using qPCR TaqMan™ gene expression assay. Bioenergetic assessment, on THP-1 cells, utilised the Agilent Seahorse XF Mito Stress test. In silico analysis of potential interactions between SLC2A1 and antiretrovirals was investigated using bioinformatic techniques. Efavirenz and lopinavir exposure was associated with significantly lower glucose accumulation, most notably in THP-1 cells (up to 90% lower and 70% lower with efavirenz and lopinavir, respectively). Bioenergetic assessment showed differences in the rate of ATP production (JATP); efavirenz (4 μg/mL), was shown to reduce JATP by 87% whereas lopinavir (10 μg/mL), was shown to increase the overall JATP by 77%. Putative in silico analysis indicated the antiretrovirals, apart from efavirenz, associated with the binding site of highest binding affinity to SLC2A1, similar to that of glucose. Our data suggest a role for efavirenz and lopinavir in the alteration of glucose accumulation with subsequent alteration of bioenergetic profiles, supporting our hypothesis for their inhibitory effect on immune cell activation. Clarification of the implications of this data, for in vivo immunological responses, is now warranted to define possible consequences for these, and similar, therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany J Heaton
- Immunocompatibility Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Centre of Excellence for Long-Acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Rebecca L Jensen
- Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - James Line
- Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher A W David
- Immunocompatibility Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Centre of Excellence for Long-Acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Danielle E Brain
- Immunocompatibility Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Centre of Excellence for Long-Acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Amy E Chadwick
- Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Neill J Liptrott
- Immunocompatibility Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Centre of Excellence for Long-Acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, UK; Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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29
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Zhang R, Yan X, Yin S, Wang W, Zhu W, Fu P. Discovery of New Bohemamines and Synthesis of
Methylene‐Bridged
Chimeric Derivatives through Natural Product Chimera Strategy. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Xiaotang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Shupeng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Weihong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Peng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) Qingdao 266237 China
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30
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Niggemeyer G, Knyazeva A, Gasper R, Corkery D, Bodenbinder P, Holstein JJ, Sievers S, Wu Y, Waldmann H. Synthesis of 20‐Membered Macrocyclic Pseudo‐Natural Products Yields Inducers of LC3 Lipidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114328. [PMID: 34978373 PMCID: PMC9303634 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of pseudo‐natural products (PNPs) through recombination of natural product (NP) fragments in unprecedented arrangements enables the discovery of novel biologically relevant chemical matter. With a view to wider coverage of NP‐inspired chemical and biological space, we describe the combination of this principle with macrocycle formation. PNP‐macrocycles were synthesized efficiently in a stereoselective one‐pot procedure including the 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of different dipolarophiles with dimeric cinchona alkaloid‐derived azomethine ylides formed in situ. The 20‐membered bis‐cycloadducts embody 18 stereocenters and an additional fragment‐sized NP‐structure. After further functionalization, a collection of 163 macrocyclic PNPs was obtained. Biological investigation revealed potent inducers of the lipidation of the microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) protein, which plays a prominent role in various autophagy‐related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Niggemeyer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technical University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Anastasia Knyazeva
- Umeå University Department of Chemistry 90187 Umeå Sweden
- Umeå University Umeå Center for Microbial Research 90187 Umeå Sweden
| | - Raphael Gasper
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Crystallography and Biophysics Unit Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Dale Corkery
- Umeå University Department of Chemistry 90187 Umeå Sweden
- Umeå University Umeå Center for Microbial Research 90187 Umeå Sweden
| | - Pia Bodenbinder
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technical University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Technical University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
- Technical University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Compound Management and Screening Center (COMAS) Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Yao‐Wen Wu
- Umeå University Department of Chemistry 90187 Umeå Sweden
- Umeå University Umeå Center for Microbial Research 90187 Umeå Sweden
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technical University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
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31
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Abstract
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Natural products
are the result of Nature’s exploration
of biologically relevant chemical space through evolution and an invaluable
source of bioactive small molecules for chemical biology and medicinal
chemistry. Novel concepts for the discovery of new bioactive compound
classes based on natural product structure may enable exploration
of wider biologically relevant chemical space. The pseudo-natural
product concept merges the relevance of natural product structure
with efficient exploration of chemical space by means of fragment-based
compound development to inspire the discovery of new bioactive chemical
matter through de novo combination of natural product
fragments in unprecedented arrangements. The novel scaffolds retain
the biological relevance of natural products but are not obtainable
through known biosynthetic pathways which can lead to new chemotypes
that may have unexpected or unprecedented bioactivities. Herein, we
cover the workflow of pseudo-natural product design and development,
highlight recent examples, and discuss a cheminformatic analysis in
which a significant portion of biologically active synthetic compounds
were found to be pseudo-natural products. We compare the concept to
natural evolution and discuss pseudo-natural products as the human-made
equivalent, i.e. the chemical evolution of natural product structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Grigalunas
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Susanne Brakmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Strasse 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Strasse 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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32
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Xu Y, Zhou X, Zhang S, Nanding A, Xuan Q. Expression and Prognostic Value of Glucose Transporter 3 in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:181-191. [PMID: 35250277 PMCID: PMC8888198 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s338826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several reports have suggested that glucose transporter 3 (GLUT-3) promotes tumor metastasis. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the expression level of GLUT-3 and the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods The GLUT-3 expression levels in 91 DLBCL patients were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The relationships between GLUT-3 expression level and clinicopathological characteristics and progression-free survival (PFS) of DLBCL patients were analyzed. The use of validation cohorts confirmed the predictive value of GLUT-3 expression. The correlation between GLUT-3 and immune cell infiltration was investigated using the Cell-type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA Transcripts system and the analysis of the infiltrating score was obtained by single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Results Expression of GLUT-3, which is highly expressed in DLBCL patients, was significantly associated with elevated serum LDH level, recurrence and Ki-67 status. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that high GLUT-3 expression levels in DLBCL were related to poor PFS. Univariate and multivariate analyses results showed that low GLUT-3 expression level was significantly but independently associated with favorable PFS in DLBCL patients. GLUT-3 expression was also correlated with immune cell infiltration and the analysis of the infiltrating score. Conclusion Our results indicate that GLUT-3 may act as a potential independent prognostic factor in DLBCL patients. The difference of the immune microenvironment in DLBCL patients may be predicted by the expression level of GLUT-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Xu
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, 322000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinglu Zhou
- Department of PET/CT Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Abiyasi Nanding
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qijia Xuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, 322000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Qijia Xuan, Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, 322000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-579-582303, Email
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33
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Niggemeyer G, Knyazeva A, Gasper R, Corkery D, Bodenbinder P, Holstein JJ, Sievers S, Wu Y, Waldmann H. Synthesis of 20‐Membered Macrocyclic Pseudo‐Natural Products Yields Inducers of LC3 Lipidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Niggemeyer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technical University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Anastasia Knyazeva
- Umeå University Department of Chemistry 90187 Umeå Sweden
- Umeå University Umeå Center for Microbial Research 90187 Umeå Sweden
| | - Raphael Gasper
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Crystallography and Biophysics Unit Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Dale Corkery
- Umeå University Department of Chemistry 90187 Umeå Sweden
- Umeå University Umeå Center for Microbial Research 90187 Umeå Sweden
| | - Pia Bodenbinder
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technical University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Technical University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
- Technical University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Compound Management and Screening Center (COMAS) Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Yao‐Wen Wu
- Umeå University Department of Chemistry 90187 Umeå Sweden
- Umeå University Umeå Center for Microbial Research 90187 Umeå Sweden
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technical University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
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34
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Gally JM, Pahl A, Czodrowski P, Waldmann H. Pseudonatural Products Occur Frequently in Biologically Relevant Compounds. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:5458-5468. [PMID: 34669418 PMCID: PMC8611719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
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A new methodology
for classifying fragment combinations and characterizing
pseudonatural products (PNPs) is described. The source code is based
on open-source tools and is organized as a Python package. Tasks can
be executed individually or within the context of scalable, robust
workflows. First, structures are standardized and duplicate entries
are filtered out. Then, molecules are probed for the presence of predefined
fragments. For molecules with more than one match, fragment combinations
are classified. The algorithm considers the pairwise relative position
of fragments within the molecule (fused atoms, linkers, intermediary
rings), resulting in 18 different possible fragment combination categories.
Finally, all combinations for a given molecule are assembled into
a fragment combination graph, with fragments as nodes and combination
types as edges. This workflow was applied to characterize PNPs in
the ChEMBL database via comparison of fragment combination graphs
with natural product (NP) references, represented by the Dictionary
of Natural Products. The Murcko fragments extracted from 2000 structures
previously described were used to define NP fragments. The results
indicate that ca. 23% of the biologically relevant compounds listed
in ChEMBL comply to the PNP definition and that, therefore, PNPs occur
frequently among known biologically relevant small molecules. The
majority (>95%) of PNPs contain two to four fragments, mainly (>95%)
distributed in five different combination types. These findings may
provide guidance for the design of new PNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Manuel Gally
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Compound Management and Screening Center, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Paul Czodrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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35
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Zheng X, Gou Y, Jiang Z, Yang A, Yang Z, Qin S. Icaritin-Induced FAM99A Affects GLUT1-Mediated Glycolysis via Regulating the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:740557. [PMID: 34765550 PMCID: PMC8576446 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.740557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Icaritin is a potential treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on the results of its phase 2 stage trial. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), a critical gene in regulating glycolysis, has been recognized as a promising target in HCC treatment. Previous studies have reported that FAM99A, a new long noncoding (lncRNA), is associated with HCC metastasis. It has also been demonstrated that the JAK2/STAT3 pathway is related to HCC and is the target of icaritin treatment. However, whether FAM99A participates in icaritin treatment and regulates GLUT1-mediated glycolysis via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in HCC cells remains to be explored. Our study aimed to clarify the mechanisms underlying glycolysis and understand the regulating effects of the FAM99A and JAK2/STAT3 pathway in HCC cells in icaritin treatment. Molecular mechanism studies were conducted to verify whether FAM99A could bind to the JAK2/STAT3 pathway and to identify the regulatory mechanisms in the HCC cells. It was revealed that icaritin inhibited proliferation, GLUT1 level, and the glycolysis of the HCC cells. FAM99A in HCC cells was upregulated after a high concentration treatment of icaritin. FAM99A inhibited GLUT1 by blocking the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Mechanically, FAM99A interacted with EIF4B to inhibit gp130 and gp80 translation, which then interacted with miR-299-5p to upregulate SOCS3, causing the JAK2 pathway to inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation, so that JAK2/STAT3 was blocked in HCC cells. Overall, our study proved that icaritin-induced FAM99A can inhibit HCC cell viability and GLUT1-mediated glycolysis via blocking the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zheng
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Oncology Department, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yudong Gou
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyu Jiang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Oncology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Aizhen Yang
- Laboratory Department, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Pathology Department, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shukui Qin
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Oncology Department, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
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36
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Burhop A, Bag S, Grigalunas M, Woitalla S, Bodenbinder P, Brieger L, Strohmann C, Pahl A, Sievers S, Waldmann H. Synthesis of Indofulvin Pseudo-Natural Products Yields a New Autophagy Inhibitor Chemotype. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102042. [PMID: 34346568 PMCID: PMC8498912 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemical and biological limitations in bioactive compound design based on natural product (NP) structure can be overcome by the combination of NP-derived fragments in unprecedented arrangements to afford "pseudo-natural products" (pseudo-NPs). A new pseudo-NP design principle is described, i.e., the combination of NP-fragments by transformations that are not part of current biosynthesis pathways. A collection of indofulvin pseudo-NPs is obtained from 2-hydroxyethyl-indoles and ketones derived from the fragment-sized NP griseofulvin by means of an iso-oxa-Pictet-Spengler reaction. Cheminformatic analysis indicates that the indofulvins reside in an area of chemical space sparsely covered by NPs, drugs, and drug-like compounds and they may combine favorable properties of these compound classes. Biological evaluation of the compound collection in different cell-based assays and the unbiased high content cell painting assay reveal that the indofulvins define a new autophagy inhibitor chemotype that targets mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Burhop
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryChemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
| | - Sukdev Bag
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
| | - Michael Grigalunas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
| | - Sophie Woitalla
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryChemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
| | - Pia Bodenbinder
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryChemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
| | - Lukas Brieger
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryInorganic ChemistryDortmund44227Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryInorganic ChemistryDortmund44227Germany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
- Compound Management and Screening CenterDortmund44227Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
- Compound Management and Screening CenterDortmund44227Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryChemical BiologyDortmund44227Germany
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37
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Liu J, Flegel J, Otte F, Pahl A, Sievers S, Strohmann C, Waldmann H. Combination of Pseudo-Natural Product Design and Formal Natural Product Ring Distortion Yields Stereochemically and Biologically Diverse Pseudo-Sesquiterpenoid Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21384-21395. [PMID: 34297473 PMCID: PMC8518946 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of a new natural product-inspired compound class obtained by combining the conceptually complementary pseudo-natural product (pseudo-NP) design strategy and a formal adaptation of the complexity-to-diversity ring distortion approach. Fragment-sized α-methylene-sesquiterpene lactones, whose scaffolds can formally be viewed as related to each other or are obtained by ring distortion, were combined with alkaloid-derived pyrrolidine fragments by means of highly selective stereocomplementary 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. The resulting pseudo-sesquiterpenoid alkaloids were found to be both chemically and biologically diverse, and their biological performance distinctly depends on both the structure of the sesquiterpene lactone-derived scaffolds and the stereochemistry of the pyrrolidine fragment. Biological investigation of the compound collection led to the discovery of a novel chemotype inhibiting Hedgehog-dependent osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryChemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644221DortmundGermany
| | - Jana Flegel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryChemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644221DortmundGermany
| | - Felix Otte
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryInorganic ChemistryOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644221DortmundGermany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
- Compound Management and Screening CenterDortmundGermany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
- Compound Management and Screening CenterDortmundGermany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryInorganic ChemistryOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644221DortmundGermany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
- Technical University DortmundFaculty of ChemistryChemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644221DortmundGermany
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38
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Liu J, Flegel J, Otte F, Pahl A, Sievers S, Strohmann C, Waldmann H. Combination of Pseudo‐Natural Product Design and Formal Natural Product Ring Distortion Yields Stereochemically and Biologically Diverse Pseudo‐Sesquiterpenoid Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technical University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Jana Flegel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technical University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Felix Otte
- Technical University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Compound Management and Screening Center Dortmund Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Compound Management and Screening Center Dortmund Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technical University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technical University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
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39
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Yildirim O, Grigalunas M, Brieger L, Strohmann C, Antonchick AP, Waldmann H. Dynamic Catalytic Highly Enantioselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20012-20020. [PMID: 34236754 PMCID: PMC8456807 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In dynamic covalent chemistry, reactions follow a thermodynamically controlled pathway through equilibria. Reversible covalent‐bond formation and breaking in a dynamic process enables the interconversion of products formed under kinetic control to thermodynamically more stable isomers. Notably, enantioselective catalysis of dynamic transformations has not been reported and applied in complex molecule synthesis. We describe the discovery of dynamic covalent enantioselective metal‐complex‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions. We have developed a stereodivergent tandem synthesis of structurally and stereochemically complex molecules that generates eight stereocenters with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity through asymmetric reversible bond formation in a dynamic process in two consecutive Ag‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of azomethine ylides with electron‐poor olefins. Time‐dependent reversible dynamic covalent‐bond formation gives enantiodivergent and diastereodivergent access to structurally complex double cycloadducts with high selectivity from a common set of reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okan Yildirim
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Technichal University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Grigalunas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lukas Brieger
- Technichal University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technichal University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrey P Antonchick
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Technichal University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221, Dortmund, Germany.,Nottingham Trent University, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Cifton Lane, NG11 8NS, Nottingham, UK
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Technichal University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
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40
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Yildirim O, Grigalunas M, Brieger L, Strohmann C, Antonchick AP, Waldmann H. Dynamic Catalytic Highly Enantioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Okan Yildirim
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technichal University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Michael Grigalunas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Lukas Brieger
- Technichal University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technichal University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Andrey P. Antonchick
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technichal University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
- Nottingham Trent University Department of Chemistry and Forensics Cifton Lane NG11 8NS Nottingham UK
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Department of Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technichal University Dortmund Faculty of Chemistry Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
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41
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Karageorgis G, Foley DJ, Laraia L, Brakmann S, Waldmann H. Pseudo Natural Products-Chemical Evolution of Natural Product Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15705-15723. [PMID: 33644925 PMCID: PMC8360037 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pseudo-natural products (PNPs) combine natural product (NP) fragments in novel arrangements not accessible by current biosynthesis pathways. As such they can be regarded as non-biogenic fusions of NP-derived fragments. They inherit key biological characteristics of the guiding natural product, such as chemical and physiological properties, yet define small molecule chemotypes with unprecedented or unexpected bioactivity. We iterate the design principles underpinning PNP scaffolds and highlight their syntheses and biological investigations. We provide a cheminformatic analysis of PNP collections assessing their molecular properties and shape diversity. We propose and discuss how the iterative analysis of NP structure, design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of PNPs can be regarded as a human-driven branch of the evolution of natural products, that is, a chemical evolution of natural product structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Karageorgis
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Daniel J. Foley
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
- Current address: School of Physical and Chemical SciencesUniversity of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch8140New Zealand
| | - Luca Laraia
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
- Current address: Department of ChemistryTechnical University of Denmark, kemitorvet 2072800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark
| | - Susanne Brakmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn Strasse 4a44227DortmundGermany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn Strasse 4a44227DortmundGermany
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42
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Identification of new GLUT2-selective inhibitors through in silico ligand screening and validation in eukaryotic expression systems. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13751. [PMID: 34215797 PMCID: PMC8253845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose is an essential energy source for cells. In humans, its passive diffusion through the cell membrane is facilitated by members of the glucose transporter family (GLUT, SLC2 gene family). GLUT2 transports both glucose and fructose with low affinity and plays a critical role in glucose sensing mechanisms. Alterations in the function or expression of GLUT2 are involved in the Fanconi-Bickel syndrome, diabetes, and cancer. Distinguishing GLUT2 transport in tissues where other GLUTs coexist is challenging due to the low affinity of GLUT2 for glucose and fructose and the scarcity of GLUT-specific modulators. By combining in silico ligand screening of an inward-facing conformation model of GLUT2 and glucose uptake assays in a hexose transporter-deficient yeast strain, in which the GLUT1-5 can be expressed individually, we identified eleven new GLUT2 inhibitors (IC50 ranging from 0.61 to 19.3 µM). Among them, nine were GLUT2-selective, one inhibited GLUT1-4 (pan-Class I GLUT inhibitor), and another inhibited GLUT5 only. All these inhibitors dock to the substrate cavity periphery, close to the large cytosolic loop connecting the two transporter halves, outside the substrate-binding site. The GLUT2 inhibitors described here have various applications; GLUT2-specific inhibitors can serve as tools to examine the pathophysiological role of GLUT2 relative to other GLUTs, the pan-Class I GLUT inhibitor can block glucose entry in cancer cells, and the GLUT2/GLUT5 inhibitor can reduce the intestinal absorption of fructose to combat the harmful effects of a high-fructose diet.
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Abstract
The GLUT is a key regulator of glucose metabolism and is widely expressed on the surface of most cells of the body. GLUT provides a variety of nutrients for the growth, proliferation and differentiation of cells. In recent years, the development of drugs affecting the energy intake of tumor cells has become a research hotspot. GLUT inhibitors are gaining increased attention because they can block the energy supply of malignant tumors. Herein, we elaborate on the structure and function of GLUT1, the structural and functional differences among GLUT1-4 transporters and the relationship between GLUT1 and tumor development, as well as GLUT1 transporter inhibitors, to provide a reference for the development of new GLUT1 inhibitors.
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Chen X, Zhao Y, Lyu S, Gao G, Gao Y, Qi Y, Du J. Identification of novel inhibitors of GLUT1 by virtual screening and cell-based assays. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:1242-1255. [PMID: 33900490 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In order to fuel the uncontrolled cell proliferation and division, tumor cells reprogram the energy metabolism to Warburg effect, where glucose is preferably converted by glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. However, the high energetic demand of tumor cells require upregulating the expression of glucose transporters, notably GLUT1, which substantially increases glucose uptake into cytoplasm. GLUT1 is overexpressed in a variety of tumor cells and is likely to be a potential drug target in the treatment of pan-cancers. Although many small molecules were reported to inhibit the glucose uptake function by various measurements, several shortcomings such as weak binding affinity, low specificity of the known inhibitors demand the identification of alternative inhibitors with novel scaffolds. In this study, we performed a virtual screening campaign by docking each compound from Chemdiv database to the glucose binding pocket based on the crystal structure of GLUT1 (PDB ID 4PYP) and four small molecules with novel scaffolds were identified to inhibit the glucose uptake of cancer cells at the sub-micromole level. The identified compounds may serve as starting points for the development of anti-cancer drugs via the manipulation of the energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yunshuo Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Sifan Lyu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Guanfei Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yuanming Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Yuan S, Yue YL, Zhang DQ, Zhang JY, Yu B, Liu HM. Synthesis of new tetracyclic benzodiazepine-fused isoindolinones using recyclable mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 56:11461-11464. [PMID: 32853306 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04875e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pseudo natural products (NPs) feature structural novelty and diversity and thus are a new source of lead compounds for drug discovery. We first report the mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs)-catalyzed de novo combination of benzodiazepine and isoindolinone, giving tetracyclic benzodiazepine-fused isoindolinone pseudo natural products (21 examples, 55-91% yields). The work also demonstrates that MSNs are efficient acidic catalysts for multi-component reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Grigalunas M, Burhop A, Zinken S, Pahl A, Gally JM, Wild N, Mantel Y, Sievers S, Foley DJ, Scheel R, Strohmann C, Antonchick AP, Waldmann H. Natural product fragment combination to performance-diverse pseudo-natural products. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1883. [PMID: 33767198 PMCID: PMC7994817 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural product structure and fragment-based compound development inspire pseudo-natural product design through different combinations of a given natural product fragment set to compound classes expected to be chemically and biologically diverse. We describe the synthetic combination of the fragment-sized natural products quinine, quinidine, sinomenine, and griseofulvin with chromanone or indole-containing fragments to provide a 244-member pseudo-natural product collection. Cheminformatic analyses reveal that the resulting eight pseudo-natural product classes are chemically diverse and share both drug- and natural product-like properties. Unbiased biological evaluation by cell painting demonstrates that bioactivity of pseudo-natural products, guiding natural products, and fragments differ and that combination of different fragments dominates establishment of unique bioactivity. Identification of phenotypic fragment dominance enables design of compound classes with correctly predicted bioactivity. The results demonstrate that fusion of natural product fragments in different combinations and arrangements can provide chemically and biologically diverse pseudo-natural product classes for wider exploration of biologically relevant chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Grigalunas
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Annina Burhop
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sarah Zinken
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Compound Management and Screening Center, Dortmund, Germany
| | - José-Manuel Gally
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Compound Management and Screening Center, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Niklas Wild
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yannik Mantel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Compound Management and Screening Center, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Daniel J Foley
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- College of Science, University of Canterbury, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Scheel
- Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrey P Antonchick
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Dortmund, Germany
- College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
- Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Dortmund, Germany.
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Karageorgis G, Foley DJ, Laraia L, Brakmann S, Waldmann H. Pseudo Natural Products—Chemical Evolution of Natural Product Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George Karageorgis
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Daniel J. Foley
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Current address: School of Physical and Chemical Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Luca Laraia
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Current address: Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark, kemitorvet 207 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Susanne Brakmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
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Recent developments in ligands and chemical probes targeting solute carrier transporters. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 62:53-63. [PMID: 33689964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Solute carrier (SLC) membrane transporters remain a largely unexploited target class, despite their central roles in cell identity and metabolism. This gap is reflected in the lack of high-quality chemical ligands or probes and in the small number of compounds that have progressed toward clinical development. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in SLC ligand discovery as well as new candidates that have been added to the investigational toolkit, with a particular focus on first-in-class ligands and the cognate discovery strategies. The availability of new probes expands the opportunity to elucidate the functions of SLCs and their relevance in physiology and explores any future potential of SLC druggability.
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Nelson A, Karageorgis G. Natural product-informed exploration of chemical space to enable bioactive molecular discovery. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:353-362. [PMID: 34046620 PMCID: PMC8130614 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for new bioactive molecules remains an open challenge limiting our ability to discover new drugs to treat disease and chemical probes to comprehensively study biological processes. The vastness of chemical space renders its exploration unfeasible by synthesis alone. Historically, chemists have tended to explore chemical space unevenly without committing to systematic frameworks for navigation. This minireview covers a range of approaches that take inspiration from the structure or origin of natural products, and help focus molecular discovery on biologically-relevant regions of chemical space. All these approaches have enabled the discovery of distinctive and novel bioactive small molecules such as useful chemical probes of biological mechanisms. This minireview comments on how such approaches may be developed into more general frameworks for the systematic identification of currently unexplored regions of biologically-relevant chemical space, a challenge that is central to both chemical biology and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nelson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane LS2 9JT UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane LS2 9JT UK
| | - George Karageorgis
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane LS2 9JT UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane LS2 9JT UK
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