1
|
Cui WG, Gao F, Na G, Wang X, Li Z, Yang Y, Niu Z, Qu Y, Wang D, Pan H. Insights into the pH effect on hydrogen electrocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39239864 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00370e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen electrocatalytic reactions, including the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), play a crucial role in a wide range of energy conversion and storage technologies. However, the HER and HOR display anomalous non-Nernstian pH dependent kinetics, showing two to three orders of magnitude sluggish kinetics in alkaline media compared to that in acidic media. Fundamental understanding of the origins of the intrinsic pH effect has attracted substantial interest from the electrocatalysis community. More critically, a fundamental molecular level understanding of this effect is still debatable, but is essential for developing active, stable, and affordable fuel cells and water electrolysis technologies. Against this backdrop, in this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the intrinsic pH effect on hydrogen electrocatalysis, covering the experimental observations, underlying principles, and strategies for catalyst design. We discuss the strengths and shortcomings of various activity descriptors, including hydrogen binding energy (HBE) theory, bifunctional theory, potential of zero free charge (pzfc) theory, 2B theory and other theories, across different electrolytes and catalyst surfaces, and outline their interrelations where possible. Additionally, we highlight the design principles and research progress in improving the alkaline HER/HOR kinetics by catalyst design and electrolyte optimization employing the aforementioned theories. Finally, the remaining controversies about the pH effects on HER/HOR kinetics as well as the challenges and possible research directions in this field are also put forward. This review aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic pH effect and inspire the development of more cost-effective and durable alkaline water electrolyzers (AWEs) and anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AMFCs) for a sustainable energy future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Gang Cui
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Fan Gao
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Guoquan Na
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xingqiang Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Zhenglong Li
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yaxiong Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongquan Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Hongge Pan
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meng P, Zheng W, Shi H, Yang J, Wang P, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zong C, Wang P, Cheng Z, Yang Y, Wang D, Chen Q. Ultralow-Loading Ruthenium-Iridium Fuel Cell Catalysts Dispersed on Zn-N Species-Doped Carbon. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401404. [PMID: 38644200 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Developing low-loading platinum-group-metal (PGM) catalysts is one of the key challenges in commercializing anion-exchange-membrane-fuel-cells (AEMFCs), especially for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). Here, ruthenium-iridium nanoparticles being deposited on a Zn-N species-doped carbon carrier (Ru6Ir/Zn-N-C) are synthesized and used as an anodic catalyst for AEMFCs. Ru6Ir/Zn-N-C shows extremely high mass activity (5.87 A mgPGM -1) and exchange current density (0.92 mA cm-2), which is 15.1 and 3.9 times that of commercial Pt/C, respectively. Based on the Ru6Ir/Zn-N-C AEMFCs achieve a peak power density of 1.50 W cm-2, surpassing the state-of-the-art commercial PtRu catalysts and the power ratio of the normalized loading is 14.01 W mgPGM anode -1 or 5.89 W mgPGM -1 after decreasing the anode loading (87.49 µg cm-2) or the total PGM loading (0.111 mg cm-2), satisfying the US Department of Energy's PGM loading target. Moreover, the solvent and solute isotope separation method is used for the first time to reveal the kinetic process of HOR, which shows the reaction is influenced by the adsorption of H2O and OH-. The improvement of the hydrogen bond network connectivity of the electric double layer by adjusting the interfacial H2O structure together with the optimized HBE and OHBE is proposed to be responsible for the high HOR activity of Ru6Ir/Zn-N-C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pin Meng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hongda Shi
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jiahe Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Peichen Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xingyan Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Cichang Zong
- The Anhui High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhiyu Cheng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qianwang Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- The Anhui High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen X, Chen L, Chen C, Shi D, Song J, Qin Y, Wang X, Amjad MM, Sun D, Sun B, Zhang K. Rational Design of Dynamic Interface Water Evolution on Turing Electrocatalyst toward the Industrial Hydrogen Production. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401110. [PMID: 38549546 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Manipulating the structural and kinetic dissociation processes of water at the catalyst-electrolyte interface is vital for alkaline hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) at industrial current density. This is seldom actualized due to the intricacies of the electrochemical reaction interface. Herein, this work introduces a rapid, nonequilibrium cooling technique for synthesizing ternary Turing catalysts with short-range ordered structures (denoted as FeNiRu/C). These advanced structures empower the FeNiRu/C to exhibit excellent HER performance in 1 m KOH with an ultralow overpotential of 6.5 and 166.2 mV at 10 and 1000 mA cm-2, respectively, and a specific activity 7.3 times higher than that of Pt/C. Comprehensive mechanistic analyses reveal that abundant atomic species form asymmetric atomic electric fields on the catalyst surface inducing a directed evolution and the dissociation process of interfacial H2O molecules. In addition, the locally topologized structure effectively mitigates the high hydrogen coverage of the active site induced by the high current density. The establishment of the relationship between free water population and HER activity provides a new paradigm for the design of industrially relevant high performance alkaline HER catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Lizhen Chen
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-based Composites, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Chuntao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Diwei Shi
- School of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Jiexi Song
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi 'an, 710072, China
| | - Yanqing Qin
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi 'an, 710072, China
| | - Xiangmei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Majeed Muhammad Amjad
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Dongping Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Bianjing Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-based Composites, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang X, Rong C, Zhang L, Ye Z, Wei Z, Huang C, Zhang Q, Yuan Q, Zhai Y, Xuan FZ, Xu B, Zhang B, Yang X. Mechanistic insights into C-C coupling in electrochemical CO reduction using gold superlattices. Nat Commun 2024; 15:720. [PMID: 38267404 PMCID: PMC10808111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing in situ/operando spectroscopic techniques with high sensitivity and reproducibility is of great importance for mechanistic investigations of surface-mediated electrochemical reactions. Herein, we report the fabrication of highly ordered rhombic gold nanocube superlattices (GNSs) as substrates for surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) with significantly enhanced SEIRA effect, which can be controlled by manipulating the randomness of GNSs. Finite difference time domain simulations reveal that the electromagnetic effect accounts for the significantly improved spectroscopic vibrations on the GNSs. In situ SEIRAS results show that the vibrations of CO on the Cu2O surfaces have been enhanced by 2.4 ± 0.5 and 18.0 ± 1.3 times using GNSs as substrates compared to those on traditional chemically deposited gold films in acidic and neutral electrolytes, respectively. Combined with isotopic labeling experiments, the reaction mechanisms for C-C coupling of CO electroreduction on Cu-based catalysts are revealed using the GNSs substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Yang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Rong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhenkun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhiming Wei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chengdi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yueming Zhai
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fu-Zhen Xuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Bingjun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang L, Yang X, Yuan Q, Wei Z, Ding J, Chu T, Rong C, Zhang Q, Ye Z, Xuan FZ, Zhai Y, Zhang B, Yang X. Elucidating the structure-stability relationship of Cu single-atom catalysts using operando surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8311. [PMID: 38097617 PMCID: PMC10721631 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the structure-stability relationship of catalysts is imperative for the development of high-performance electrocatalytic devices. Herein, we utilize operando attenuated total reflectance surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) to quantitatively monitor the evolution of Cu single-atom catalysts (SACs) during the electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR). Cu SACs are converted into 2-nm Cu nanoparticles through a reconstruction process during CO2RR. The evolution rate of Cu SACs is highly dependent on the substrates of the catalysts due to the coordination difference. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the stability of Cu SACs is highly dependent on their formation energy, which can be manipulated by controlling the affinity between Cu sites and substrates. This work highlights the use of operando ATR-SEIRAS to achieve mechanistic understanding of structure-stability relationship for long-term applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoju Yang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhiming Wei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jie Ding
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tianshu Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chao Rong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhenkun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fu-Zhen Xuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yueming Zhai
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiao J, Yuan Q, Tan M, Han X, Gao M, Zhang C, Yang X, Shi Z, Ma Y, Xiao H, Zhang J, Lu T. Constructing asymmetric double-atomic sites for synergistic catalysis of electrochemical CO 2 reduction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6164. [PMID: 37789007 PMCID: PMC10547798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the synergistic catalytic mechanism between multiple active centers is of great significance for heterogeneous catalysis; however, finding the corresponding experimental evidence remains challenging owing to the complexity of catalyst structures and interface environment. Here we construct an asymmetric TeN2-CuN3 double-atomic site catalyst, which is analyzed via full-range synchrotron pair distribution function. In electrochemical CO2 reduction, the catalyst features a synergistic mechanism with the double-atomic site activating two key molecules: operando spectroscopy confirms that the Te center activates CO2, and the Cu center helps to dissociate H2O. The experimental and theoretical results reveal that the TeN2-CuN3 could cooperatively lower the energy barriers for the rate-determining step, promoting proton transfer kinetics. Therefore, the TeN2-CuN3 displays a broad potential range with high CO selectivity, improved kinetics and good stability. This work presents synthesis and characterization strategies for double-atomic site catalysts, and experimentally unveils the underpinning mechanism of synergistic catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiqing Jiao
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Qing Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Meijie Tan
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaoqian Han
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Mingbin Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Lower-Carbon Catalysis Technology, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Zhaolin Shi
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yanbin Ma
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Hai Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiangwei Zhang
- Science Center of Energy Material and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China.
| | - Tongbu Lu
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Malek A, Xue Y, Lu X. Dynamically Restructuring Ni x Cr y O Electrocatalyst for Stable Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Real Seawater. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309854. [PMID: 37578684 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In the pursuit of long-term stability for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in seawater, retaining the intrinsic catalytic activity is essential but has remained challenging. Herein, we developed a Nix Cry O electrocatalyst that manifested exceptional OER stability in alkaline condition while improving the activity over time by dynamic self-restructuring. In 1 M KOH, Nix Cry O required overpotentials of only 270 and 320 mV to achieve current densities of 100 and 500 mA cm-2 , respectively, with excellent long-term stability exceeding 475 h at 100 mA cm-2 and 280 h at 500 mA cm-2 . The combination of electrochemical measurements and in situ studies revealed that leaching and redistribution of Cr during the prolonged electrolysis resulted in increased electrochemically active surface area. This eventually enhanced the catalyst porosity and improved OER activity. Nix Cry O was further applied in real seawater from the Red Sea (without purification, 1 M KOH added), envisaging that the dynamically evolving porosity can offset the adverse active site-blocking effect posed by the seawater impurities. Remarkably, Nix Cry O exhibited stable operation for 2000, 275 and 100 h in seawater at 10, 100 and 500 mA cm-2 , respectively. The proposed catalyst and the mechanistic insights represented a step towards realization of non-noble metal-based direct seawater splitting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Malek
- CCRC, Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 (Kingdom of, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), PSE, KAUST (Kingdom of, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanrong Xue
- CCRC, Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 (Kingdom of, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), PSE, KAUST (Kingdom of, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xu Lu
- CCRC, Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 (Kingdom of, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), PSE, KAUST (Kingdom of, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gao X, Bai X, Wang P, Jiao Y, Davey K, Zheng Y, Qiao SZ. Boosting urea electrooxidation on oxyanion-engineered nickel sites via inhibited water oxidation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5842. [PMID: 37730706 PMCID: PMC10511637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41588-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Renewable energy-based electrocatalytic oxidation of organic nucleophiles (e.g.methanol, urea, and amine) are more thermodynamically favourable and, economically attractive to replace conventional pure water electrooxidation in electrolyser to produce hydrogen. However, it is challenging due to the competitive oxygen evolution reaction under a high current density (e.g., >300 mA cm-2), which reduces the anode electrocatalyst's activity and stability. Herein, taking lower energy cost urea electrooxidation reaction as the model reaction, we developed oxyanion-engineered Nickel catalysts to inhibit competing oxygen evolution reaction during urea oxidation reaction, achieving an ultrahigh 323.4 mA cm-2 current density at 1.65 V with 99.3 ± 0.4% selectivity of N-products. In situ spectra studies reveal that such in situ generated oxyanions not only inhibit OH- adsorption and guarantee high coverage of urea reactant on active sites to avoid oxygen evolution reaction, but also accelerate urea's C - N bond cleavage to form CNO - intermediates for facilitating urea oxidation reaction. Accordingly, a comprehensive mechanism for competitive adsorption behaviour between OH- and urea to boost urea electrooxidation and dynamic change of Ni active sites during urea oxidation reaction was proposed. This work presents a feasible route for high-efficiency urea electrooxidation reaction and even various electrooxidation reactions in practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Xiaowan Bai
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Pengtang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yan Jiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kenneth Davey
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yao Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Shi-Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang T, Liu Z, Yuan Y, Zheng X, Park S, Wei S, Li L, Ma Y, Liu S, Chen J, Zhu Z, Meng Y, Li K, Sun J, Peng Q, Chen W. Ultrafast Electrical Pulse Synthesis of Highly Active Electrocatalysts for Beyond-Industrial-Level Hydrogen Gas Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300502. [PMID: 37249173 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The high reliability and proven ultra-longevity make aqueous hydrogen gas (H2 ) batteries ideal for large-scale energy storage. However, the low alkaline hydrogen evolution and oxidation reaction (HER/HOR) activities of expensive platinum catalysts severely hamper their widespread applications in H2 batteries. Here, cost-effective, highly active electrocatalysts, with a model of ruthenium-nickel alloy nanoparticles in ≈3 nm anchored on carbon black (RuNi/C) as an example, are developed by an ultrafast electrical pulse approach for nickel-hydrogen gas (NiH2 ) batteries. Having a competitive low cost of about one fifth of Pt/C benckmark, this ultrafine RuNi/C catalyst displays an ultrahigh HOR mass activity of 2.34 A mg-1 at 50 mV (vs RHE) and an ultralow HER overpotential of 19.5 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 . As a result, the advanced NiH2 battery can efficiently operate under all-climate conditions (from -25 to +50 °C) with excellent durability. Notably, the NiH2 cell stack achieves an energy density up to 183 Wh kg-1 and an estimated cost of ≈49 $ kWh-1 under an ultrahigh cathode Ni(OH)2 loading of 280 mg cm-2 and a low anode Ru loading of ≈62.5 µg cm-2 . The advanced beyond-industrial-level hydrogen gas batteries provide great opportunities for practical grid-scale energy storage applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taoli Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zaichun Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xinhua Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Sunhyeong Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Shuyang Wei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Linxiang Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yirui Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jinghao Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zhengxin Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yahan Meng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jifei Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Qia Peng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Deng GH, Zhu Q, Rebstock J, Neves-Garcia T, Baker LR. Direct observation of bicarbonate and water reduction on gold: understanding the potential dependent proton source during hydrogen evolution. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4523-4531. [PMID: 37152268 PMCID: PMC10155912 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00897e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical conversion of CO2 represents a promising way to simultaneously reduce CO2 emissions and store chemical energy. However, the competition between CO2 reduction (CO2R) and the H2 evolution reaction (HER) hinders the efficient conversion of CO2 in aqueous solution. In water, CO2 is in dynamic equilibrium with H2CO3, HCO3 -, and CO3 2-. While CO2 and its associated carbonate species represent carbon sources for CO2R, recent studies by Koper and co-workers indicate that H2CO3 and HCO3 - also act as proton sources during HER (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 4154-4161, ACS Catal. 2021, 11, 4936-4945, J. Catal. 2022, 405, 346-354), which can favorably compete with water at certain potentials. However, accurately distinguishing between competing reaction mechanisms as a function of potential requires direct observation of the non-equilibrium product distribution present at the electrode/electrolyte interface. In this study, we employ vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy to directly probe the interfacial species produced during competing HER/CO2R on Au electrodes. The vibrational spectra at the Ar-purged Na2SO4 solution/Au interface, where only HER occurs, show a strong peak around 3650 cm-1, which appears at the HER onset potential and is assigned to OH-. Notably, this species is absent for the CO2-purged Na2SO4 solution/gold interface; instead, a peak around 3400 cm-1 appears at catalytic potential, which is assigned to CO3 2- in the electrochemical double layer. These spectral reporters allow us to differentiate between HER mechanisms based on water reduction (OH- product) and HCO3 - reduction (CO3 2- product). Monitoring the relative intensities of these features as a function of potential in NaHCO3 electrolyte reveals that the proton donor switches from HCO3 - at low overpotential to H2O at higher overpotential. This work represents the first direct detection of OH- on a metal electrode produced during HER and provides important insights into the surface reactions that mediate selectivity between HER and CO2R in aqueous solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Hua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT) Beijing 100876 P. R. China
| | - Quansong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Jaclyn Rebstock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Tomaz Neves-Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - L Robert Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu L, Su L, Liang Q, Zhang W, Men Y, Luo W. Boosting Hydrogen Oxidation Kinetics by Promoting Interfacial Water Adsorption on d-p Hybridized Ru Catalysts. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Su
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials MOE, and School of Materials Science & Engineering, and Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, and Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials MOE, and School of Materials Science & Engineering, and Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, and Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yana Men
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Luo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang X, Xu B, Chen JG, Yang X. Recent Progress in Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction on Transition Metal Nitrides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201715. [PMID: 36522288 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Distributed electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) powered by renewable energy for the on-site production of ammonia is an attractive alternative to the industrial Haber-Bosch process, which is responsible for roughly 2 % of global energy consumption. In this Review, we summarize recent progress in the ENRR catalyzed by transition metal nitrides (TMNs). The unique electronic structures of TMNs make them promising ENRR catalysts for active and selective ammonia production, which have been predicted theoretically and demonstrated experimentally. Reaction pathways and deactivation mechanisms of the ENRR on different TMNs are surveyed, and current understanding of structure-activity relations is discussed. To develop highly active, selective, and stable TMN catalysts for industrial-scale ENRR, membrane electrode assembly configuration is recommended in catalyst evaluation. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of developing mechanistic understanding on ENRR with different operando spectroscopic techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Yang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Bingjun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jingguang G Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 10027, New York, NY, USA
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 11973, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 10027, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction on Ni-based electrocatalysts: From mechanistic study to material development. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
14
|
Zhao T, Li M, Xiao D, Yang X, Li Q, An L, Deng Z, Shen T, Gong M, Chen Y, Wang G, Zhao X, Xiao L, Yang X, Li L, Wang D. Pseudo-Pt Monolayer for Robust Hydrogen Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4088-4097. [PMID: 36734666 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Heteroepitaxial core-shell structure is conducive to combining the advantages of the epilayer and the substrate, creating a novel multifunctionality for catalysis application. Herein, we report a pseudomorphic-Pt atomic layer (PmPt) epitaxially growing on an IrPd-core matrix (PmPt@IrPd/C) as an efficient and stable catalyst for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction that exhibits ∼29.2 times more mass activity enhancement than that of benchmark Pt/C. The PmPt@IrPd/C catalyst also gives rise to ∼25.0 times more enhancement than Pt/C during a 50,000-cycle accelerated stability test. This robust stability originates from the resistance to carbon corrosion owing to the stronger H2O interaction instead of carbon oxide (COx) poison species, and the modulated hydroxyl (OH*) adsorption could inhibit the OH* species from shuffling the surface Pt atoms away from the substrate. Moreover, the anion-exchange membrane fuel cells assembled by PmPt@IrPd/C with an ultralow Pt loading of 0.009 mgPt cm-2 in the anode can deliver a power density of 1.27 W cm-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Mengting Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, China
| | - Dongdong Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Xiaoju Yang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Qihao Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Lulu An
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Zhiping Deng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Tao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Mingxing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Gongwei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Li Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Li Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, China
| | - Deli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Su L, Jin Y, Gong D, Ge X, Zhang W, Fan X, Luo W. The Role of Discrepant Reactive Intermediates on Ru-Ru 2 P Heterostructure for pH-Universal Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215585. [PMID: 36354203 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Developing highly efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) under alkaline media is essential for the commercialization of alkaline exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC). However, the kinetics of HOR in alkaline media is complicated, resulting in orders of magnitude slower than that in acid, even for the state-of-the-art Pt/C. Here, we find that Ru-Ru2 P/C heterostructure shows HOR performance with a non-monotonous variation in a whole pH region. Unexpectedly, an inflection point located at pH≈7 is observed, showing an anomalous behavior that HOR activity under alkaline media surpasses acidic media. Combining experimental results and theoretical calculations, we propose the roles of discrepant reactive intermediates for pH-universal HOR, while H* and H2 O* adsorption strengths are responsible for acidic HOR, and OH* adsorption strength is essential for alkaline HOR. This work not only sheds light on fundamentally understanding the mechanism of HOR but also provides new designing principles for pH-targeted electrocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Su
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Jin
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Dan Gong
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Xin Ge
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials MOE, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Electron Microscopy Center, and International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials MOE, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Electron Microscopy Center, and International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xinran Fan
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Wei Luo
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li M, Li L, Huang X, Qi X, Deng M, Jiang S, Wei Z. Platinum-Water Interaction Induced Interfacial Water Orientation That Governs the pH-Dependent Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10550-10557. [PMID: 36342770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the electrode-water interface structure in acid and alkali is crucial to unveiling the underlying mechanism of pH-dependent hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) kinetics. In this work, we construct the explicit Pt(111)-H2O interface models in both acid and alkali to investigate the relationship between the HOR mechanism and electrode-electrolyte interface structure using ab initio molecular dynamics and density functional theory. We find that the interfacial water orientation in the outer Helmholtz layer (OHP) induced by the Pt-water interaction governs the pH-dependent HOR kinetics on Pt(111). In alkali, the strong Pt-interfacial water electrostatic interaction behaves as a narrow OHP, which increases the proportion of "H-down" interfacial water and leads to less adsorbed water entering the inner Helmholtz plane (IHP), decreasing the work function of Pt(111). Furthermore, the more "H-down" interfacial water stabilizes the Had adsorption, prevents Had desorption, and suppresses the Volmer step of HOR by forming the solvated [Had···H2O···H2O] complex. Our work provided a visualized molecular-level mechanism to understand the nature of pH-dependent HOR kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, China
| | - Li Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, China
| | - Xun Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, China
| | - Xueqiang Qi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing400054, China
| | - Mingming Deng
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, China
| | - Shangkun Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, China
| | - Zidong Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nickel–molybdenum–niobium metallic glass for efficient hydrogen oxidation in hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
18
|
Zhao K, Chang X, Su H, Nie Y, Lu Q, Xu B. Enhancing Hydrogen Oxidation and Evolution Kinetics by Tuning the Interfacial Hydrogen‐Bonding Environment on Functionalized Platinum Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207197. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiaoxia Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Hai‐Sheng Su
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yiming Nie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250012 China
| | - Qi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Bingjun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang M, Sun K, Mi W, Feng C, Guan Z, Liu Y, Pan Y. Interfacial Water Activation by Single-Atom Co–N 3 Sites Coupled with Encapsulated Co Nanocrystals for Accelerating Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Kaian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Wanliang Mi
- Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zekun Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao K, Chang X, Su HS, Nie Y, Lu Q, Xu B. Enhancing Hydrogen Oxidation and Evolution Kinetics by Tuning Interfacial Hydrogen‐Bonding Environment on Functionalized Pt Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Zhao
- Peking University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Xiaoxia Chang
- Peking University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Hai-Sheng Su
- Peking University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Yiming Nie
- Shandong University School of Medicine: Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Qi Lu
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Bingjun Xu
- Peking University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering 202 Chengfu Road, Haidian District 100871 Beijing CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Controlled reduction of oxygen is important for developing clean energy technologies, such as fuel cells, and is vital to the existence of aerobic organisms. The process starts with oxygen in a triplet ground state and ends with products that are all in singlet states. Hence, spin constraints in the oxygen reduction must be considered. Here, we show that the electron transfer efficiency from chiral electrodes to oxygen (oxygen reduction reaction) is enhanced over that from achiral electrodes. We demonstrate lower overpotentials and higher current densities for chiral catalysts versus achiral ones. This finding holds even for electrodes composed of heavy metals with large spin-orbit coupling. The effect results from the spin selectivity conferred on the electron current by the chiral assemblies, the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect.
Collapse
|
22
|
Chang X, Vijay S, Zhao Y, Oliveira NJ, Chan K, Xu B. Understanding the complementarities of surface-enhanced infrared and Raman spectroscopies in CO adsorption and electrochemical reduction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2656. [PMID: 35551449 PMCID: PMC9098881 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In situ/operando surface enhanced infrared and Raman spectroscopies are widely employed in electrocatalysis research to extract mechanistic information and establish structure-activity relations. However, these two spectroscopic techniques are more frequently employed in isolation than in combination, owing to the assumption that they provide largely overlapping information regarding reaction intermediates. Here we show that surface enhanced infrared and Raman spectroscopies tend to probe different subpopulations of adsorbates on weakly adsorbing surfaces while providing similar information on strongly binding surfaces by conducting both techniques on the same electrode surfaces, i.e., platinum, palladium, gold and oxide-derived copper, in tandem. Complementary density functional theory computations confirm that the infrared and Raman intensities do not necessarily track each other when carbon monoxide is adsorbed on different sites, given the lack of scaling between the derivatives of the dipole moment and the polarizability. Through a comparison of adsorbed carbon monoxide and water adsorption energies, we suggest that differences in the infrared vs. Raman responses amongst metal surfaces could stem from the competitive adsorption of water on weak binding metals. We further determined that only copper sites capable of adsorbing carbon monoxide in an atop configuration visible to the surface enhanced infrared spectroscopy are active in the electrochemical carbon monoxide reduction reaction. Infrared and Raman spectroscopies are often assumed to provide similar insights into heterogeneous reaction mechanisms. This study shows that these techniques provide similar data when CO is strongly bound to a surface, yet distinct subpopulations of CO are probed when binding is weaker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China.,Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Sudarshan Vijay
- CatTheory Center, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Yaran Zhao
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Nicholas J Oliveira
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Karen Chan
- CatTheory Center, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.
| | - Bingjun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yao ZC, Tang T, Jiang Z, Wang L, Hu JS, Wan LJ. Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Oxidation in Alkaline Media: From Mechanistic Insights to Catalyst Design. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5153-5183. [PMID: 35420784 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the potential to circumvent the need for scarce and cost-prohibitive platinum-based catalysts in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells, anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are emerging as alternative technologies with zero carbon emission. Numerous noble metal-free catalysts have been developed with excellent catalytic performance for cathodic oxygen reduction reaction in AEMFCs. However, the anodic catalysts for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) still rely on noble metal materials. Since the kinetics of HOR in alkaline media is 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than that in acidic media, it is a major challenge to either improve the performance of noble metal catalysts or to develop high-performance noble metal-free catalysts. Additionally, the mechanisms of alkaline HOR are not yet clear and still under debate, further hampering the design of electrocatalysts. Against this backdrop, this review starts with the prevailing theories for alkaline HOR on the basis of diverse activity descriptors, i.e., hydrogen binding energy theory and bifunctional theory. The design principles and recent advances of HOR catalysts employing the aforementioned theories are then summarized. Next, the strategies and recent progress in improving the antioxidation capability of HOR catalysts, a thorny issue which has not received sufficient attention, are discussed. Moreover, the significance of correlating computational models with real catalyst structure and the electrode/electrolyte interface is further emphasized. Lastly, the remaining controversies about the alkaline HOR mechanisms as well as the challenges and possible research directions in this field are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Cheng Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tang Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhe Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jin-Song Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang Y, Peltier CR, Zeng R, Schimmenti R, Li Q, Huang X, Yan Z, Potsi G, Selhorst R, Lu X, Xu W, Tader M, Soudackov AV, Zhang H, Krumov M, Murray E, Xu P, Hitt J, Xu L, Ko HY, Ernst BG, Bundschu C, Luo A, Markovich D, Hu M, He C, Wang H, Fang J, DiStasio RA, Kourkoutis LF, Singer A, Noonan KJT, Xiao L, Zhuang L, Pivovar BS, Zelenay P, Herrero E, Feliu JM, Suntivich J, Giannelis EP, Hammes-Schiffer S, Arias T, Mavrikakis M, Mallouk TE, Brock JD, Muller DA, DiSalvo FJ, Coates GW, Abruña HD. Electrocatalysis in Alkaline Media and Alkaline Membrane-Based Energy Technologies. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6117-6321. [PMID: 35133808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen energy-based electrochemical energy conversion technologies offer the promise of enabling a transition of the global energy landscape from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the fundamentals of electrocatalysis in alkaline media and applications in alkaline-based energy technologies, particularly alkaline fuel cells and water electrolyzers. Anion exchange (alkaline) membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) enable the use of nonprecious electrocatalysts for the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), relative to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which require Pt-based electrocatalysts. However, the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) kinetics is significantly slower in alkaline media than in acidic media. Understanding these phenomena requires applying theoretical and experimental methods to unravel molecular-level thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrogen and oxygen electrocatalysis and, particularly, the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process that takes place in a proton-deficient alkaline media. Extensive electrochemical and spectroscopic studies, on single-crystal Pt and metal oxides, have contributed to the development of activity descriptors, as well as the identification of the nature of active sites, and the rate-determining steps of the HOR and ORR. Among these, the structure and reactivity of interfacial water serve as key potential and pH-dependent kinetic factors that are helping elucidate the origins of the HOR and ORR activity differences in acids and bases. Additionally, deliberately modulating and controlling catalyst-support interactions have provided valuable insights for enhancing catalyst accessibility and durability during operation. The design and synthesis of highly conductive and durable alkaline membranes/ionomers have enabled AEMFCs to reach initial performance metrics equal to or higher than those of PEMFCs. We emphasize the importance of using membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) to integrate the often separately pursued/optimized electrocatalyst/support and membranes/ionomer components. Operando/in situ methods, at multiscales, and ab initio simulations provide a mechanistic understanding of electron, ion, and mass transport at catalyst/ionomer/membrane interfaces and the necessary guidance to achieve fuel cell operation in air over thousands of hours. We hope that this Review will serve as a roadmap for advancing the scientific understanding of the fundamental factors governing electrochemical energy conversion in alkaline media with the ultimate goal of achieving ultralow Pt or precious-metal-free high-performance and durable alkaline fuel cells and related technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Cheyenne R Peltier
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Roberto Schimmenti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Qihao Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhifei Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Georgia Potsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ryan Selhorst
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xinyao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Weixuan Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mariel Tader
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alexander V Soudackov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hanguang Zhang
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Mihail Krumov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ellen Murray
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Pengtao Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jeremy Hitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Linxi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hsin-Yu Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Brian G Ernst
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Colin Bundschu
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Aileen Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Danielle Markovich
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Meixue Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cheng He
- Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Hongsen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jiye Fang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Robert A DiStasio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Andrej Singer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kevin J T Noonan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Li Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lin Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bryan S Pivovar
- Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Piotr Zelenay
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Enrique Herrero
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03080, Spain
| | - Juan M Feliu
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03080, Spain
| | - Jin Suntivich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Emmanuel P Giannelis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | | - Tomás Arias
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Thomas E Mallouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joel D Brock
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Francis J DiSalvo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Geoffrey W Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Héctor D Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Center for Alkaline Based Energy Solutions (CABES), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wu J, Li J, Li Y, Ma X, Zhang W, Hao Y, Cai W, Liu Z, Gong M. Steering the Glycerol Electro‐Reforming Selectivity via Cation–Intermediate Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Wu
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Jili Li
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Yefei Li
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Xian‐Yin Ma
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Yi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Yaming Hao
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Bin Cai
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Pan Liu
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Ming Gong
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhu S, Shao M. Electrolyte pH-dependent hydrogen binding energies and coverages on platinum, iridium, rhodium, and ruthenium surfaces. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00385f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The weakened Hatop binding strength and increased Hatop coverage are universal phenomena on Pt, Ir, Rh, and Ru surfaces from acidic to alkaline media, which are important factors in the pH-dependent hydrogen reaction kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shangqian Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Minhua Shao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Energy Institute, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wu J, Li J, Li Y, Ma XY, Zhang WY, Hao Y, Cai WB, Liu Z, Gong M. Steering the Glycerol Electro-Reforming Selectivity via Cation-Intermediate Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113362. [PMID: 34957665 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Electro-reforming of renewable biomass resources is an alternative technology for sustainable pure H2 production. Herein, we discovered an unconventional cation effect on the concurrent formate and H2 production via glycerol electro-reforming. In stark contrast to the cation effect via forming the double layers in cathodic reactions, the presence of residual cations at the anode were discovered to interact with the glycerol oxidation intermediates to steer its product selectivity. Through a combination of product analysis, transient kinetics, crown ether trapping experiments, in situ IRRAS spectroscopy and DFT calculation, the aldehyde intermediates were discovered to be stabilized by the Li+ cations to favor the non-oxidative C-C cleavage for formate production. The maximal formate efficiency could reach 81.3% under ~ 60 mA/cm2 in LiOH. This work emphasizes the significance of engineering the microenvironment at the electrode-electrolyte interface for efficient electrolytic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Wu
- Fudan University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Jili Li
- Fudan University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Yefei Li
- Fudan University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Xian-Yin Ma
- Fudan University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Wei-Yi Zhang
- Fudan University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Yaming Hao
- Fudan University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Wen-Bin Cai
- Fudan University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Zhipan Liu
- Fudan University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Ming Gong
- Fudan University, Chemistry, No.2005, Songhu Rd., 200438, Shanghai, CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xiao F, Wang YC, Wu ZP, Chen G, Yang F, Zhu S, Siddharth K, Kong Z, Lu A, Li JC, Zhong CJ, Zhou ZY, Shao M. Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006292. [PMID: 33749011 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The rapid progress of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells (AMFCs) has boosted the hydrogen economy concept via diverse energy applications in the past decades. For a holistic understanding of the development status of PEMFCs and AMFCs, recent advancements in electrocatalyst design and catalyst layer optimization, along with cell performance in terms of activity and durability in PEMFCs and AMFCs, are summarized here. The activity, stability, and fuel cell performance of different types of electrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen oxidation reaction are discussed and compared. Research directions on the further development of active, stable, and low-cost electrocatalysts to meet the ultimate commercialization of PEMFCs and AMFCs are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Guangyu Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shangqian Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kumar Siddharth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhijie Kong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Aolin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Jin-Cheng Li
- Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Zhi-You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Minhua Shao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Energy Institute, and Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Badreldin A, Nabeeh A, Ghouri ZK, Abed J, Wang N, Wubulikasimu Y, Youssef K, Kumar D, Stodolny MK, Elsaid K, Sargent EH, Abdel-Wahab A. Early Transition-Metal-Based Binary Oxide/Nitride for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Saline Water in Different pH Environments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:53702-53716. [PMID: 34730350 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Using abundant seawater can reduce reliance on freshwater resources for hydrogen production from electrocatalytic water splitting. However, seawater has detrimental effects on the stability and activity of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts under different pH conditions. In this work, we report the synthesis of binary metallic core-sheath nitride@oxynitride electrocatalysts [Ni(ETM)]δ+-[O-N]δ-, where ETM is an early transition metal V or Cr. Using NiVN on a nickel foam (NF) substrate, we demonstrate an HER overpotential as low as 32 mV at -10 mA cm-2 in saline water (0.6 M NaCl). The results represent an advancement in saline water HER performance of earth-abundant electrocatalysts, especially under near-neutral pH range (i.e., pH 6-8). Doping ETMs in nickel oxynitrides accelerates the typically rate-determining H2O dissociation step for HER and suppresses chloride deactivation of the catalyst in neutral-pH saline water. Heterointerface synergism occurs through H2O adsorption and dissociation at interfacial oxide character, while adsorbed H* proceeds via Heyrovsky or Tafel step on the nitride character. This electrocatalyst showed stable performance under a constant current density of -50 mA cm-2 for 50 h followed by additional 50 h at -100 mA cm-2 in a neutral saline electrolyte (1 M PB + 0.6 M NaCl). Contrarily, under the same conditions, Pt/C@NF exhibited significantly low performance after a mere 4 h at -50 mA cm-2. The low Tafel slope of 25 mV dec-1 indicated that the reaction is Tafel limited, unlike commercial Pt/C, which is Heyrovsky limited. We close by discussing general principles concerning surface charge delocalization for the design of HER electrocatalysts in pH saline environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Badreldin
- Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. 23874 Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Nabeeh
- Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. 23874 Doha, Qatar
| | - Zafar Khan Ghouri
- Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. 23874 Doha, Qatar
| | - Jehad Abed
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G4 Ontario, Canada
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G4 Ontario, Canada
| | - Yiming Wubulikasimu
- Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. 23874 Doha, Qatar
| | - Karim Youssef
- Qatar Shell Research and Technology Centre, P.O. Box 3747 Doha, Qatar
| | - Dharmesh Kumar
- Qatar Shell Research and Technology Centre, P.O. Box 3747 Doha, Qatar
| | - Maciej K Stodolny
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., 1031 HW Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Khaled Elsaid
- Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. 23874 Doha, Qatar
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G4 Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Wahab
- Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. 23874 Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
On the relationship between potential of zero charge and solvent dynamics in the reversible hydrogen electrode. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
31
|
In situ/operando vibrational spectroscopy for the investigation of advanced nanostructured electrocatalysts. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
32
|
Zhou P, Zhang Q, Chao Y, Wang L, Li Y, Chen H, Gu L, Guo S. Partially reduced Pd single atoms on CdS nanorods enable photocatalytic reforming of ethanol into high value-added multicarbon compound. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
33
|
Dieckhöfer S, Öhl D, Junqueira JRC, Quast T, Turek T, Schuhmann W. Probing the Local Reaction Environment During High Turnover Carbon Dioxide Reduction with Ag-Based Gas Diffusion Electrodes. Chemistry 2021; 27:5906-5912. [PMID: 33527522 PMCID: PMC8048634 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Discerning the influence of electrochemical reactions on the electrode microenvironment is an unavoidable topic for electrochemical reactions that involve the production of OH− and the consumption of water. That is particularly true for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), which together with the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) exert changes in the local OH− and H2O activity that in turn can possibly affect activity, stability, and selectivity of the CO2RR. We determine the local OH− and H2O activity in close proximity to a CO2‐converting Ag‐based gas diffusion electrode (GDE) with product analysis using gas chromatography. A Pt nanosensor is positioned in the vicinity of the working GDE using shear‐force‐based scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) approach curves, which allows monitoring changes invoked by reactions proceeding within an otherwise inaccessible porous GDE by potentiodynamic measurements at the Pt‐tip nanosensor. We show that high turnover HER/CO2RR at a GDE lead to modulations of the alkalinity of the local electrolyte, that resemble a 16 m KOH solution, variations that are in turn linked to the reaction selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dieckhöfer
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Denis Öhl
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - João R C Junqueira
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Turek
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr 17, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bates JS, Gounder R. Kinetic effects of molecular clustering and solvation by extended networks in zeolite acid catalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4699-4708. [PMID: 34168752 PMCID: PMC8179612 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00151e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactions catalyzed within porous inorganic and organic materials and at electrochemical interfaces commonly occur at high coverage and in condensed media, causing turnover rates to depend strongly on interfacial structure and composition, collectively referred to as "solvent effects". Transition state theory treatments define how solvation phenomena enter kinetic rate expressions, and identify two distinct types of solvent effects that originate from molecular clustering and from the solvation of such clusters by extended solvent networks. We review examples from the recent literature that investigate reactions within microporous zeolite catalysts to illustrate these concepts, and provide a critical appraisal of open questions in the field where future research can aid in developing new chemistry and catalyst design principles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Bates
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University 480 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Rajamani Gounder
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University 480 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhao G, Jiang Y, Dou SX, Sun W, Pan H. Interface engineering of heterostructured electrocatalysts towards efficient alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:85-96. [PMID: 36654318 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Boosting the alkaline hydrogen evolution and oxidation reaction (HER/HOR) kinetics is vital to practicing the renewable hydrogen cycle in alkaline media. Recently, intensive research has demonstrated that interface engineering is of critical significance for improving the performance of heterostructured electrocatalysts particularly toward the electrochemical reactions involving multiple reaction intermediates like alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis, and the research advances also bring substantial non-trivial fundamental insights accordingly. Herein, we review the current status of interface engineering with respect to developing efficient heterostructured electrocatalysts for alkaline HER and HOR. Two major subjects-how interface engineering promotes the reaction kinetics and what fundamental insights interface engineering has brought into alkaline HER and HOR-are discussed. Specifically, heterostructured electrocatalysts with abundant interfaces have shown substantially accelerated alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis kinetics owing to the synergistic effect from different components, which could balance the adsorption/desorption behaviors of the intermediates at the interfaces. Meanwhile, interface engineering can effectively tune the electronic structures of the active sites via electronic interaction, interfacial bonding, and lattice strain, which would appropriately optimize the binding energy of targeted intermediates like hydrogen. Furthermore, the confinement effect is critical for delivering high durability by sustaining high density of active sites. At last, our own perspectives on the challenges and opportunities toward developing efficient heterostructured electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Yinzhu Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shi-Xue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Wenping Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Hongge Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Malkani AS, Anibal J, Chang X, Xu B. Bridging the Gap in the Mechanistic Understanding of Electrocatalysis via In Situ Characterizations. iScience 2020; 23:101776. [PMID: 33294785 PMCID: PMC7689167 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalysis offers a promising strategy to take advantage of the increasingly available and affordable renewable energy for the sustainable production of fuels and chemicals. Attaining this promise requires a molecular level insight of the electrical interface that can be used to tailor the selectivity of electrocatalysts. Addressing this selectivity challenge remains one of the most important areas in modern electrocatalytic research. In this Perspective, we focus on the use of in situ techniques to bridge the gap in the fundamental understanding of electrocatalytic processes. We begin with a brief discussion of traditional electrochemical techniques, ex situ measurements and in silico analysis. Subsequently, we discuss the utility and limitations of in situ methodologies, with a focus on vibrational spectroscopies. We then end by looking ahead toward promising new areas for the application of in situ techniques and improvements to current methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnav S. Malkani
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jacob Anibal
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Chang
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Bingjun Xu
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Malkani AS, Anibal J, Xu B. Cation Effect on Interfacial CO 2 Concentration in the Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction Reaction. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnav S. Malkani
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jacob Anibal
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Bingjun Xu
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen J, Chen C, Chen Y, Wang H, Mao S, Wang Y. Improving alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction kinetics on molybdenum carbide: Introducing Ru dopant. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
39
|
Chang X, Zhao Y, Xu B. pH Dependence of Cu Surface Speciation in the Electrochemical CO Reduction Reaction. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Chang
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yaran Zhao
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Bingjun Xu
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Malkani AS, Li J, Oliveira NJ, He M, Chang X, Xu B, Lu Q. Understanding the electric and nonelectric field components of the cation effect on the electrochemical CO reduction reaction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/45/eabd2569. [PMID: 33158873 PMCID: PMC7673714 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd2569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Electrolyte cations affect the activity of surface-mediated electrocatalytic reactions; however, understanding the modes of interaction between cations and reaction intermediates remains lacking. We show that larger alkali metal cations (excluding the thickness of the hydration shell) promote the electrochemical CO reduction reaction on polycrystalline Cu surfaces in alkaline electrolytes. Combined reactivity and in situ surface-enhanced spectroscopic investigations show that changes to the interfacial electric field strength cannot solely explain the reactivity trend with cation size, suggesting the presence of a nonelectric field strength component in the cation effect. Spectroscopic investigations with cation chelating agents and organic molecules show that the electric and nonelectric field components of the cation effect could be affected by both cation identity and composition of the electrochemical interface. The interdependent nature of interfacial species indicates that the cation effect should be considered an integral part of the broader effect of composition and structure of the electrochemical interface on electrode-mediated reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Malkani
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - J Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - N J Oliveira
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - M He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - X Chang
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - B Xu
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Q Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jantz DT, Seuferling TE, Leonard KC. Numerical Deconvolution of Surface Interrogation Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Experiments on Platinum During Hydrogen Evolution. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T. Jantz
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering The University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
| | - Tess E. Seuferling
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering The University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
| | - Kevin C. Leonard
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering The University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shen LF, Lu BA, Li YY, Liu J, Huang-Fu ZC, Peng H, Ye JY, Qu XM, Zhang JM, Li G, Cai WB, Jiang YX, Sun SG. Interfacial Structure of Water as a New Descriptor of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22397-22402. [PMID: 32893447 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Driven by the persisting poor understanding of the sluggish kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on Pt in alkaline media, a direct correlation of the interfacial water structure and activity is still yet to be established. Herein, using Pt and Pt-Ni nanoparticles we first demonstrate a strong dependence of the proton donor structure on the HER activity and pH. The structure of the first layer changes from the proton acceptors to the donors with increasing pH. In the base, the reactivity of the interfacial water varied its structure, and the activation energies of water dissociation increased in the sequence: the dangling O-H bonds < the trihedrally coordinated water < the tetrahedrally coordinated water. Moreover, optimizing the adsorption of H and OH intermediates can re-orientate the interfacial water molecules with their H atoms pointing towards the electrode surface, thereby enhancing the kinetics of HER. Our results clarified the dynamic role of the water structure at the electrode-electrolyte interface during HER and the design of highly efficient HER catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Fan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Bang-An Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Yu-Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Zhi-Chao Huang-Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Hao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Jin-Yu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Xi-Ming Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Jun-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Guang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Wen-Bin Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan-Xia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shen L, Lu B, Li Y, Liu J, Huang‐fu Z, Peng H, Ye J, Qu X, Zhang J, Li G, Cai W, Jiang Y, Sun S. Interfacial Structure of Water as a New Descriptor of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin‐fan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 PR China
| | - Bang‐an Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 PR China
| | - Yu‐yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 PR China
| | - Zhi‐chao Huang‐fu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 PR China
| | - Hao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 PR China
| | - Jin‐yu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 PR China
| | - Xi‐ming Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 PR China
| | - Jun‐ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 PR China
| | - Guang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 PR China
| | - Wen‐bin Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yan‐xia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 PR China
| | - Shi‐gang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 PR China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jiao L, Liu E, Mukerjee S, Jia Q. In Situ Identification of Non-Specific Adsorption of Alkali Metal Cations on Pt Surfaces and Their Catalytic Roles in Alkaline Solutions. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ershuai Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sanjeev Mukerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Qingying Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bates JS, Bukowski BC, Greeley J, Gounder R. Structure and solvation of confined water and water-ethanol clusters within microporous Brønsted acids and their effects on ethanol dehydration catalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7102-7122. [PMID: 33250979 PMCID: PMC7690318 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02589e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Water networks confined within zeolites solvate clustered reactive intermediates and must rearrange to accommodate transition states that differ in size and polarity, with thermodynamic penalties that depend on the shape of the confining environment.
Aqueous-phase reactions within microporous Brønsted acids occur at active centers comprised of water-reactant-clustered hydronium ions, solvated within extended hydrogen-bonded water networks that tend to stabilize reactive intermediates and transition states differently. The effects of these diverse clustered and networked structures were disentangled here by measuring turnover rates of gas-phase ethanol dehydration to diethyl ether (DEE) on H-form zeolites as water pressure was increased to the point of intrapore condensation, causing protons to become solvated in larger clusters that subsequently become solvated by extended hydrogen-bonded water networks, according to in situ IR spectra. Measured first-order rate constants in ethanol quantify the stability of SN2 transition states that eliminate DEE relative to (C2H5OH)(H+)(H2O)n clusters of increasing molecularity, whose structures were respectively determined using metadynamics and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. At low water pressures (2–10 kPa H2O), rate inhibition by water (–1 reaction order) reflects the need to displace one water by ethanol in the cluster en route to the DEE-formation transition state, which resides at the periphery of water–ethanol clusters. At higher water pressures (10–75 kPa H2O), water–ethanol clusters reach their maximum stable size ((C2H5OH)(H+)(H2O)4–5), and water begins to form extended hydrogen-bonded networks; concomitantly, rate inhibition by water (up to –3 reaction order) becomes stronger than expected from the molecularity of the reaction, reflecting the more extensive disruption of hydrogen bonds at DEE-formation transition states that contain an additional solvated non-polar ethyl group compared to the relevant reactant cluster, as described by non-ideal thermodynamic formalisms of reaction rates. Microporous voids of different hydrophilic binding site density (Beta; varying H+ and Si–OH density) and different size and shape (Beta, MFI, TON, CHA, AEI, FAU), influence the relative extents to which intermediates and transition states disrupt their confined water networks, which manifest as different kinetic orders of inhibition at high water pressures. The confinement of water within sub-nanometer spaces influences the structures and dynamics of the complexes and extended networks formed, and in turn their ability to accommodate the evolution in polarity and hydrogen-bonding capacity as reactive intermediates become transition states in Brønsted acid-catalyzed reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Bates
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering , Purdue University , 480 Stadium Mall Drive , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA . ;
| | - Brandon C Bukowski
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering , Purdue University , 480 Stadium Mall Drive , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA . ;
| | - Jeffrey Greeley
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering , Purdue University , 480 Stadium Mall Drive , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA . ;
| | - Rajamani Gounder
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering , Purdue University , 480 Stadium Mall Drive , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA . ;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhu S, Qin X, Yao Y, Shao M. pH-Dependent Hydrogen and Water Binding Energies on Platinum Surfaces as Directly Probed through Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8748-8754. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shangqian Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xueping Qin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Minhua Shao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water
Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|