1
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Sovic L, Malihan-Yap L, Tóth GS, Siitonen V, Alphand V, Allahverdiyeva Y, Kourist R. Sucrose as an electron source for cofactor regeneration in recombinant Escherichia coli expressing invertase and a Baeyer Villiger monooxygenase. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:227. [PMID: 39135032 PMCID: PMC11318132 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The large-scale biocatalytic application of oxidoreductases requires systems for a cost-effective and efficient regeneration of redox cofactors. These represent the major bottleneck for industrial bioproduction and an important cost factor. In this work, co-expression of the genes of invertase and a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase from Burkholderia xenovorans to E. coli W ΔcscR and E. coli BL21 (DE3) enabled efficient biotransformation of cyclohexanone to the polymer precursor, ε-caprolactone using sucrose as electron source for regeneration of redox cofactors, at rates comparable to glucose. E. coli W ΔcscR has a native csc regulon enabling sucrose utilization and is deregulated via deletion of the repressor gene (cscR), thus enabling sucrose uptake even at concentrations below 6 mM (2 g L-1). On the other hand, E. coli BL21 (DE3), which is widely used as an expression host does not contain a csc regulon. RESULTS Herein, we show a proof of concept where the co-expression of invertase for both E. coli hosts was sufficient for efficient sucrose utilization to sustain cofactor regeneration in the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone. Using E. coli W ΔcscR, a specific activity of 37 U gDCW-1 was obtained, demonstrating the suitability of the strain for recombinant gene co-expression and subsequent whole-cell biotransformation. In addition, the same co-expression cassette was transferred and investigated with E. coli BL21 (DE3), which showed a specific activity of 17 U gDCW- 1. Finally, biotransformation using photosynthetically-derived sucrose from Synechocystis S02 with E. coli W ΔcscR expressing BVMO showed complete conversion of cyclohexanone after 3 h, especially with the strain expressing the invertase gene in the periplasm. CONCLUSIONS Results show that sucrose can be an alternative electron source to drive whole-cell biotransformations in recombinant E. coli strains opening novel strategies for sustainable chemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Sovic
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Lenny Malihan-Yap
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gábor Szilveszter Tóth
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Vilja Siitonen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Véronique Alphand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Robert Kourist
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- ACIB GmbH, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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2
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Bopp C, Bernet NM, Meyer F, Khan R, Robinson SL, Kohler HPE, Buller R, Hofstetter TB. Elucidating the Role of O 2 Uncoupling for the Adaptation of Bacterial Biodegradation Reactions Catalyzed by Rieske Oxygenases. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2024; 4:204-218. [PMID: 39035869 PMCID: PMC11258757 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.4c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Oxygenation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons by Rieske oxygenases is the initial step of various biodegradation pathways for environmental organic contaminants. Microorganisms carrying Rieske oxygenases are able to quickly adapt their substrate spectra to alternative carbon and energy sources that are structurally related to the original target substrate, yet the molecular events responsible for this rapid adaptation are not well understood. Here, we evaluated the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by unproductive activation of O2, the so-called O2 uncoupling, in the presence of the alternative substrate exert a selective pressure on the bacterium for increasing the oxygenation efficiency of Rieske oxygenases. To that end, we studied wild-type 2-nitrotoluene dioxygenase from Acidovorax sp. strain JS42 and five enzyme variants that have evolved from adaptive laboratory evolution experiments with 3- and 4-nitrotoluene as alternative growth substrates. The enzyme variants showed a substantially increased oxygenation efficiency toward the new target substrates concomitant with a reduction of ROS production, while mechanisms and kinetics of enzymatic O2 activation remained unchanged. Structural analyses and docking studies suggest that amino acid substitutions in enzyme variants occurred at residues lining both substrate and O2 transport tunnels, enabling tighter binding of the target substrates in the active site. Increased oxygenation efficiencies measured in vitro for the various enzyme (variant)-substrate combinations correlated linearly with in vivo changes in growth rates for evolved Acidovorax strains expressing the variants. Our data suggest that the selective pressure from oxidative stress toward more efficient oxygenation by Rieske oxygenases was most notable when O2 uncoupling exceeded 60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte
E. Bopp
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nora M. Bernet
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Meyer
- Competence
Center for Biocatalysis, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zürich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Riyaz Khan
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Serina L. Robinson
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter E. Kohler
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Buller
- Competence
Center for Biocatalysis, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zürich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Thomas B. Hofstetter
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Barroso GT, Garcia AA, Knapp M, Boggs DG, Bridwell-Rabb J. Purification and characterization of a Rieske oxygenase and its NADH-regenerating partner proteins. Methods Enzymol 2024; 703:215-242. [PMID: 39260997 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The Rieske non-heme iron oxygenases (Rieske oxygenases) comprise a class of metalloenzymes that are involved in the biosynthesis of complex natural products and the biodegradation of aromatic pollutants. Despite this desirable catalytic repertoire, industrial implementation of Rieske oxygenases has been hindered by the multicomponent nature of these enzymes and their requirement for expensive reducing equivalents in the form of a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cosubstrate (NAD(P)H). Fortunately, however, some Rieske oxygenases co-occur with accessory proteins, that through a downstream reaction, recycle the needed NAD(P)H for catalysis. As these pathways and accessory proteins are attractive for bioremediation applications and enzyme engineering campaigns, herein, we describe methods for assembling Rieske oxygenase pathways in vitro. Further, using the TsaMBCD pathway as a model system, in this chapter, we provide enzymatic, spectroscopic, and crystallographic methods that can be adapted to explore both Rieske oxygenases and their co-occurring accessory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gage T Barroso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Madison Knapp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David G Boggs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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4
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de Kok NAW, Miao H, Schmidt S. In vitro analysis of the three-component Rieske oxygenase cumene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas fluorescens IP01. Methods Enzymol 2024; 703:167-192. [PMID: 39260995 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Rieske non-heme iron-dependent oxygenases (ROs) are a versatile group of enzymes traditionally associated with the degradation of aromatic xenobiotics. In addition, ROs have been found to play key roles in natural product biosynthesis, displaying a wide catalytic diversity with typically high regio- and stereo- selectivity. However, the detailed characterization of ROs presents formidable challenges due to their complex structural and functional properties, including their multi-component composition, cofactor dependence, and susceptibility to reactive oxygen species. In addition, the substrate availability of natural product biosynthetic intermediates, the limited solubility of aromatic hydrocarbons, and the radical-mediated reaction mechanism can further complicate functional assays. Despite these challenges, ROs hold immense potential as biocatalysts for pharmaceutical applications and bioremediation. Using cumene dioxygenase (CDO) from Pseudomonas fluorescens IP01 as a model enzyme, this chapter details techniques for characterizing ROs that oxyfunctionalize aromatic hydrocarbons. Moreover, potential pitfalls, anticipated complications, and proposed solutions for the characterization of novel ROs are described, providing a framework for future RO research and strategies for studying this enzyme class. In particular, we describe the methods used to obtain CDO, from construct design to expression conditions, followed by a purification procedure, and ultimately activity determination through various activity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels A W de Kok
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hui Miao
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandy Schmidt
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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5
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Nelson DR, Mystikou A, Jaiswal A, Rad-Menendez C, Preston MJ, De Boever F, El Assal DC, Daakour S, Lomas MW, Twizere JC, Green DH, Ratcliff WC, Salehi-Ashtiani K. Macroalgal deep genomics illuminate multiple paths to aquatic, photosynthetic multicellularity. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:747-771. [PMID: 38614077 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Macroalgae are multicellular, aquatic autotrophs that play vital roles in global climate maintenance and have diverse applications in biotechnology and eco-engineering, which are directly linked to their multicellularity phenotypes. However, their genomic diversity and the evolutionary mechanisms underlying multicellularity in these organisms remain uncharacterized. In this study, we sequenced 110 macroalgal genomes from diverse climates and phyla, and identified key genomic features that distinguish them from their microalgal relatives. Genes for cell adhesion, extracellular matrix formation, cell polarity, transport, and cell differentiation distinguish macroalgae from microalgae across all three major phyla, constituting conserved and unique gene sets supporting multicellular processes. Adhesome genes show phylum- and climate-specific expansions that may facilitate niche adaptation. Collectively, our study reveals genetic determinants of convergent and divergent evolutionary trajectories that have shaped morphological diversity in macroalgae and provides genome-wide frameworks to understand photosynthetic multicellular evolution in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Nelson
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Alexandra Mystikou
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Biotechnology Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, PO Box 9639, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Ashish Jaiswal
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Cecilia Rad-Menendez
- Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Scotland, UK
| | - Michael J Preston
- National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, USA
| | - Frederik De Boever
- Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Scotland, UK
| | - Diana C El Assal
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Sarah Daakour
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Michael W Lomas
- National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, USA
| | - Jean-Claude Twizere
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Laboratory of Viral Interactomes, GIGA Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - David H Green
- Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Scotland, UK
| | - William C Ratcliff
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani
- Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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6
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Shen C, Wang Y. Recent Progress on Peroxidase Modification and Application. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-023-04835-w. [PMID: 38180646 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04835-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Peroxdiase is one of the member of oxireductase super family, which has a broad substrate range and a variety of reaction types, including hydroxylation, epoxidation or halogenation of unactivated C-H bonds, and aromatic group or biophenol compounds. Here, we summarized the recently discovered enzymes with peroxidation activity, and focused on the special structures, sites, and corresponding strategies that can change the peroxidase catalytic activity, stability, and substrate range. The comparison of the structural differences between these natural enzymes and the mimic enzymes of binding nanomaterials and polymer materials is helpful to expand the application of peroxidase in industry. In addition, we also reviewed the catalytic application of peroxidase in the synthesis of important organic molecules and the degradation of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China.
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China.
| | - Yongfa Wang
- College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
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7
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Püllmann P, Homann D, Karl TA, König B, Weissenborn MJ. Light-Controlled Biocatalysis by Unspecific Peroxygenases with Genetically Encoded Photosensitizers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307897. [PMID: 37597259 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Fungal unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) have gained substantial attention for their versatile oxyfunctionalization chemistry paired with impressive catalytic capabilities. A major drawback, however, remains their sensitivity towards their co-substrate hydrogen peroxide, necessitating the use of smart in situ hydrogen peroxide generation methods to enable efficient catalysis setups. Herein, we introduce flavin-containing protein photosensitizers as a new general tool for light-controlled in situ hydrogen peroxide production. By genetically fusing flavin binding fluorescent proteins and UPOs, we have created two virtually self-sufficient photo-enzymes (PhotUPO). Subsequent testing of a versatile substrate panel with the two divergent PhotUPOs revealed two stereoselective conversions. The catalytic performance of the fusion protein was optimized through enzyme and substrate loading variation, enabling up to 24300 turnover numbers (TONs) for the sulfoxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide. The PhotUPO concept was upscaled to a 100 mg substrate preparative scale, enabling the extraction of enantiomerically pure alcohol products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Püllmann
- Research Group Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Present address: Molecular Design and Engineering, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18 A, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Dominik Homann
- Research Group Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tobias A Karl
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Weissenborn
- Research Group Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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8
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Agustinus B, Gillam EMJ. Solar-powered P450 catalysis: Engineering electron transfer pathways from photosynthesis to P450s. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 245:112242. [PMID: 37187017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing focus on green chemistry, biocatalysis is becoming more widely used in the pharmaceutical and other chemical industries for sustainable production of high value and structurally complex chemicals. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are attractive biocatalysts for industrial application due to their ability to transform a huge range of substrates in a stereo- and regiospecific manner. However, despite their appeal, the industrial application of P450s is limited by their dependence on costly reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and one or more auxiliary redox partner proteins. Coupling P450s to the photosynthetic machinery of a plant allows photosynthetically-generated electrons to be used to drive catalysis, overcoming this cofactor dependency. Thus, photosynthetic organisms could serve as photobioreactors with the capability to produce value-added chemicals using only light, water, CO2 and an appropriate chemical as substrate for the reaction/s of choice, yielding new opportunities for producing commodity and high-value chemicals in a carbon-negative and sustainable manner. This review will discuss recent progress in using photosynthesis for light-driven P450 biocatalysis and explore the potential for further development of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadius Agustinus
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M J Gillam
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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9
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Runda ME, de Kok NAW, Schmidt S. Rieske Oxygenases and Other Ferredoxin-Dependent Enzymes: Electron Transfer Principles and Catalytic Capabilities. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300078. [PMID: 36964978 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes that depend on sophisticated electron transfer via ferredoxins (Fds) exhibit outstanding catalytic capabilities, but despite decades of research, many of them are still not well understood or exploited for synthetic applications. This review aims to provide a general overview of the most important Fd-dependent enzymes and the electron transfer processes involved. While several examples are discussed, we focus in particular on the family of Rieske non-heme iron-dependent oxygenases (ROs). In addition to illustrating their electron transfer principles and catalytic potential, the current state of knowledge on structure-function relationships and the mode of interaction between the redox partner proteins is reviewed. Moreover, we highlight several key catalyzed transformations, but also take a deeper dive into their engineerability for biocatalytic applications. The overall findings from these case studies highlight the catalytic capabilities of these biocatalysts and could stimulate future interest in developing additional Fd-dependent enzyme classes for synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Runda
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels A W de Kok
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandy Schmidt
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Ölçücü G, Krauss U, Jaeger KE, Pietruszka J. Carrier‐Free Enzyme Immobilizates for Flow Chemistry. CHEM-ING-TECH 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Ölçücü
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology Wilhelm Johnen Straße 52425 Jülich Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology Wilhelm Johnen Straße 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Ulrich Krauss
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology Wilhelm Johnen Straße 52425 Jülich Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology Wilhelm Johnen Straße 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology Wilhelm Johnen Straße 52425 Jülich Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology Wilhelm Johnen Straße 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology Wilhelm Johnen Straße 52425 Jülich Germany
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Biorganic Chemistry Wilhelm Johnen Straße 52425 Jülich Germany
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11
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Jiahong L, Jialu S, Chenhui P, Guoze Y. The Materials and Application of Artificial Light Harvesting System Based on Supramolecular Self‐assembly. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Jiahong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology GuangZhou GuangDong China
| | - Sun Jialu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology GuangZhou GuangDong China
| | - Pan Chenhui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology GuangZhou GuangDong China
| | - Yang Guoze
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology GuangZhou GuangDong China
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12
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Rogers MS, Gordon AM, Rappe TM, Goodpaster JD, Lipscomb JD. Contrasting Mechanisms of Aromatic and Aryl-Methyl Substituent Hydroxylation by the Rieske Monooxygenase Salicylate 5-Hydroxylase. Biochemistry 2023; 62:507-523. [PMID: 36583545 PMCID: PMC9854337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The hydroxylase component (S5HH) of salicylate-5-hydroxylase catalyzes C5 ring hydroxylation of salicylate but switches to methyl hydroxylation when a C5 methyl substituent is present. The use of 18O2 reveals that both aromatic and aryl-methyl hydroxylations result from monooxygenase chemistry. The functional unit of S5HH comprises a nonheme Fe(II) site located 12 Å across a subunit boundary from a one-electron reduced Rieske-type iron-sulfur cluster. Past studies determined that substrates bind near the Fe(II), followed by O2 binding to the iron to initiate catalysis. Stopped-flow-single-turnover reactions (STOs) demonstrated that the Rieske cluster transfers an electron to the iron site during catalysis. It is shown here that fluorine ring substituents decrease the rate constant for Rieske electron transfer, implying a prior reaction of an Fe(III)-superoxo intermediate with a substrate. We propose that the iron becomes fully oxidized in the resulting Fe(III)-peroxo-substrate-radical intermediate, allowing Rieske electron transfer to occur. STO using 5-CD3-salicylate-d8 occurs with an inverse kinetic isotope effect (KIE). In contrast, STO of a 1:1 mixture of unlabeled and 5-CD3-salicylate-d8 yields a normal product isotope effect. It is proposed that aromatic and aryl-methyl hydroxylation reactions both begin with the Fe(III)-superoxo reaction with a ring carbon, yielding the inverse KIE due to sp2 → sp3 carbon hybridization. After Rieske electron transfer, the resulting Fe(III)-peroxo-salicylate intermediate can continue to aromatic hydroxylation, whereas the equivalent aryl-methyl intermediate formation must be reversible to allow the substrate exchange necessary to yield a normal product isotope effect. The resulting Fe(III)-(hydro)peroxo intermediate may be reactive or evolve through a high-valent iron intermediate to complete the aryl-methyl hydroxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S. Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Adrian M. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Todd M. Rappe
- Minnesota NMR Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jason D. Goodpaster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - John D. Lipscomb
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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13
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Barone GD, Hubáček M, Malihan-Yap L, Grimm HC, Nikkanen L, Pacheco CC, Tamagnini P, Allahverdiyeva Y, Kourist R. Towards the rate limit of heterologous biotechnological reactions in recombinant cyanobacteria. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:4. [PMID: 36609316 PMCID: PMC9825001 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyanobacteria have emerged as highly efficient organisms for the production of chemicals and biofuels. Yet, the productivity of the cell has been low for commercial application. Cyanobacterial photobiotransformations utilize photosynthetic electrons to form reducing equivalents, such as NADPH-to-fuel biocatalytic reactions. These photobiotransformations are a measure to which extent photosynthetic electrons can be deviated toward heterologous biotechnological processes, such as the production of biofuels. By expressing oxidoreductases, such as YqjM from Bacillus subtilis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a high specific activity was obtained in the reduction of maleimides. Here, we investigated the possibility to accelerate the NAD(P)H-consuming redox reactions by addition of carbohydrates as exogenous carbon sources such as D-Glucose under light and darkness. RESULTS A 1.7-fold increase of activity (150 µmol min-1 gDCW-1) was observed upon addition of D-Glucose at an OD750 = 2.5 (DCW = 0.6 g L-1) in the biotransformation of 2-methylmaleimide. The stimulating effect of D-Glucose was also observed at higher cell densities in light and dark conditions as well as in the reduction of other substrates. No increase in both effective photosynthetic yields of Photosystem II and Photosystem I was found upon D-Glucose addition. However, we observed higher NAD(P)H fluorescence when D-Glucose was supplemented, suggesting increased glycolytic activity. Moreover, the system was scaled-up (working volume of 200 mL) in an internally illuminated Bubble Column Reactor exhibiting a 2.4-fold increase of specific activity under light-limited conditions. CONCLUSIONS Results show that under photoautotrophic conditions at a specific activity of 90 µmol min-1 gDCW-1, the ene-reductase YqjM in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is not NAD(P)H saturated, which is an indicator that an increase of the rates of heterologous electron consuming processes for catalysis and biofuel production will require funnelling further reducing power from the photosynthetic chain toward heterologous processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Davide Barone
- grid.410413.30000 0001 2294 748XBiocatalysis and Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Michal Hubáček
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Lenny Malihan-Yap
- grid.410413.30000 0001 2294 748XBiocatalysis and Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hanna C. Grimm
- grid.410413.30000 0001 2294 748XBiocatalysis and Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lauri Nikkanen
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Catarina C. Pacheco
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Tamagnini
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Robert Kourist
- grid.410413.30000 0001 2294 748XBiocatalysis and Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
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14
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Collaborative catalysis for solar biosynthesis. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Hu WY, Li K, Weitz A, Wen A, Kim H, Murray JC, Cheng R, Chen B, Naowarojna N, Grinstaff MW, Elliott SJ, Chen JS, Liu P. Light-Driven Oxidative Demethylation Reaction Catalyzed by a Rieske-Type Non-heme Iron Enzyme Stc2. ACS Catal 2022; 12:14559-14570. [PMID: 37168530 PMCID: PMC10168674 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rieske-type non-heme iron oxygenases/oxidases catalyze a wide range of transformations. Their applications in bioremediation or biocatalysis face two key barriers: the need of expensive NAD(P)H as a reductant and a proper reductase to mediate the electron transfer from NAD(P)H to the oxygenases. To bypass the need of both the reductase and NAD(P)H, using Rieske-type oxygenase (Stc2) catalyzed oxidative demethylation as the model system, we report Stc2 photocatalysis using eosin Y/sulfite as the photosensitizer/sacrificial reagent pair. In a flow-chemistry setting to separate the photo-reduction half-reaction and oxidation half-reaction, Stc2 photo-biocatalysis outperforms the Stc2-NAD(P)H-reductase (GbcB) system. In addition, in a few other selected Rieske enzymes (NdmA, CntA, and GbcA), and a flavin-dependent enzyme (iodotyrosine deiodinase, IYD), the eosin Y/sodium sulfite photo-reduction pair could also serve as the NAD(P)H-reductase surrogate to support catalysis, which implies the potential applicability of this photo-reduction system to other redox enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yao Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Kelin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Andrew Weitz
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Aiwen Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Hyomin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Jessica C. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Ronghai Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Baixiong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Nathchar Naowarojna
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Sean J. Elliott
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Jie-Sheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Pinghua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
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16
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Lorenzi M, Gamache MT, Redman HJ, Land H, Senger M, Berggren G. Light-Driven [FeFe] Hydrogenase Based H 2 Production in E. coli: A Model Reaction for Exploring E. coli Based Semiartificial Photosynthetic Systems. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:10760-10767. [PMID: 36035441 PMCID: PMC9400101 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c03657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Biohybrid technologies like semiartificial photosynthesis are attracting increased attention, as they enable the combination of highly efficient synthetic light-harvesters with the self-healing and outstanding performance of biocatalysis. However, such systems are intrinsically complex, with multiple interacting components. Herein, we explore a whole-cell photocatalytic system for hydrogen (H2) gas production as a model system for semiartificial photosynthesis. The employed whole-cell photocatalytic system is based on Escherichia coli cells heterologously expressing a highly efficient, but oxygen-sensitive, [FeFe] hydrogenase. The system is driven by the organic photosensitizer eosin Y under broad-spectrum white light illumination. The direct involvement of the [FeFe] hydrogenase in the catalytic reaction is verified spectroscopically. We also observe that E. coli provides protection against O2 damage, underscoring the suitability of this host organism for oxygen-sensitive enzymes in the development of (photo) catalytic biohybrid systems. Moreover, the study shows how factorial experimental design combined with analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be employed to identify relevant variables, as well as their interconnectivity, on both overall catalytic performance and O2 tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lorenzi
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström, Molecular Biomimetics, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mira T. Gamache
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström, Molecular Biomimetics, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Holly J. Redman
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström, Molecular Biomimetics, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Land
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström, Molecular Biomimetics, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Moritz Senger
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström, Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gustav Berggren
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström, Molecular Biomimetics, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Sample illumination device facilitates in situ light-coupled NMR spectroscopy without fibre optics. Commun Chem 2022; 5:90. [PMID: 36697806 PMCID: PMC9814378 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In situ illumination of liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) samples makes it possible for a wide range of light-dependent chemical and biological phenomena to be studied by the powerful analytical technique. However, the position of an NMR sample deep within the bore of the spectrometer magnet renders such illumination challenging. Here, we demonstrate the working principles of a sample illumination device (NMRtorch) where a lighthead containing an LED array is positioned directly at the top of an NMRtorch tube which is inserted into the NMR spectrometer. The wall of the tube itself acts as a light guide, illuminating the sample from the outside. We explore how this new setup performs in a number of photo-NMR applications, including photoisomerisation and photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarisation (photo-CIDNP), and demonstrate the potential for ultraviolet (UV) degradation studies with continuous online NMR assessment. This setup enables users of any typical liquid-state spectrometer to easily perform in situ photo-NMR experiments, using a wide range of wavelengths.
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18
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Luján AP, Bhat MF, Saravanan T, Poelarends GJ. Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Photoenzymatic Ketone Reductions Using a Promiscuous Flavin‐dependent Nitroreductase. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Prats Luján
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology NETHERLANDS
| | - Mohammad Faizan Bhat
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology NETHERLANDS
| | - Thangavelu Saravanan
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology NETHERLANDS
| | - Gerrit J. Poelarends
- University of Groningen Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen NETHERLANDS
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19
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Li Y, Yuan B, Sun Z, Zhang W. C–H bond functionalization reactions enabled by photobiocatalytic cascades. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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20
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Winkler CK, Simić S, Jurkaš V, Bierbaumer S, Schmermund L, Poschenrieder S, Berger SA, Kulterer E, Kourist R, Kroutil W. Accelerated Reaction Engineering of Photo(bio)catalytic Reactions through Parallelization with an Open‐Source Photoreactor. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph K. Winkler
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Stefan Simić
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Valentina Jurkaš
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Sarah Bierbaumer
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Luca Schmermund
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Silvan Poschenrieder
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Sarah A. Berger
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Elisa Kulterer
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Robert Kourist
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology NAWI Graz Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
- BioTechMed Graz 8010 Graz Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth University of Graz 8010 Graz Austria
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21
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Zhang Y, Eser BE, Guo Z. A Bi-Enzymatic Cascade Pathway towards Optically Pure FAHFAs*. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2146-2153. [PMID: 33792147 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently discovered endogenous mammalian lipids, fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), have been proved to have anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. Due to their extremely low abundancies in vivo, forging a feasible scenario for FAHFA synthesis is critical for their use in uncovering biological mechanisms or in clinical trials. Here, we showcase a fully enzymatic approach, a novel in vitro bi-enzymatic cascade system, enabling an effective conversion of nature-abundant fatty acids into FAHFAs. Two hydratases from Lactobacillus acidophilus were used for converting unsaturated fatty acids to various enantiomeric hydroxy fatty acids, followed by esterification with another fatty acid catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase A (CALA). Various FAHFAs were synthesized in a semi-preparative scale using this bi-enzymatic approach in a one-pot two-step operation mode. In all, we demonstrate that the hydratase-CALA system offers a promising route for the synthesis of optically pure structure-diverse FAHFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bekir Engin Eser
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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22
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Özgen FF, Runda ME, Schmidt S. Photo-biocatalytic Cascades: Combining Chemical and Enzymatic Transformations Fueled by Light. Chembiochem 2021; 22:790-806. [PMID: 32961020 PMCID: PMC7983893 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the field of green chemistry, light - an attractive natural agent - has received particular attention for driving biocatalytic reactions. Moreover, the implementation of light to drive (chemo)enzymatic cascade reactions opens up a golden window of opportunities. However, there are limitations to many current examples, mostly associated with incompatibility between the enzyme and the photocatalyst. Additionally, the formation of reactive radicals upon illumination and the loss of catalytic activities in the presence of required additives are common observations. As outlined in this review, the main question is how to overcome current challenges to the exploitation of light to drive (chemo)enzymatic transformations. First, we highlight general concepts in photo-biocatalysis, then give various examples of photo-chemoenzymatic (PCE) cascades, further summarize current synthetic examples of PCE cascades and discuss strategies to address the limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Feyza Özgen
- Groningen Research Institute of PharmacyDepartment of Chemical and Pharmaceutical BiologyAntonius Deusinglaan 19713 AVGroningen (TheNetherlands
| | - Michael E. Runda
- Groningen Research Institute of PharmacyDepartment of Chemical and Pharmaceutical BiologyAntonius Deusinglaan 19713 AVGroningen (TheNetherlands
| | - Sandy Schmidt
- Groningen Research Institute of PharmacyDepartment of Chemical and Pharmaceutical BiologyAntonius Deusinglaan 19713 AVGroningen (TheNetherlands
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23
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Assil-Companioni L, Büchsenschütz HC, Solymosi D, Dyczmons-Nowaczyk NG, Bauer KKF, Wallner S, Macheroux P, Allahverdiyeva Y, Nowaczyk MM, Kourist R. Engineering of NADPH Supply Boosts Photosynthesis-Driven Biotransformations. ACS Catal 2020; 10:11864-11877. [PMID: 33101760 PMCID: PMC7574619 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Light-driven biocatalysis
in recombinant cyanobacteria provides
highly atom-efficient cofactor regeneration via photosynthesis,
thereby remediating constraints associated with sacrificial cosubstrates.
However, despite the remarkable specific activities of photobiocatalysts,
self-shading at moderate-high cell densities limits efficient space-time-yields
of heterologous enzymatic reactions. Moreover, efficient integration
of an artificial electron sink into the tightly regulated network
of cyanobacterial electron pathways can be highly challenging. Here,
we used C=C bond reduction of 2-methylmaleimide by the NADPH-dependent
ene-reductase YqjM as a model reaction for light-dependent biotransformations.
Time-resolved NADPH fluorescence spectroscopy allowed direct monitoring
of in-cell YqjM activity and revealed differences in NADPH steady-state
levels and oxidation kinetics between different genetic constructs.
This effect correlates with specific activities of whole-cells, which
demonstrated conversions of >99%. Further channelling of electrons
toward heterologous YqjM by inactivation of the flavodiiron proteins
(Flv1/Flv3) led to a 2-fold improvement in specific activity at moderate
cell densities, thereby elucidating the possibility of accelerating
light-driven biotransformations by the removal of natural competing
electron sinks. In the best case, an initial product formation rate
of 18.3 mmol h–1 L–1 was reached,
allowing the complete conversion of a 60 mM substrate solution within
4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Assil-Companioni
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
- ACIB GmbH, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hanna C. Büchsenschütz
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dániel Solymosi
- Molecular Plant Biology unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Nina G. Dyczmons-Nowaczyk
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Kristin K. F. Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Wallner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 10, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Macheroux
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 10, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Marc M. Nowaczyk
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert Kourist
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
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24
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Yuan B, Mahor D, Fei Q, Wever R, Alcalde M, Zhang W, Hollmann F. Water-Soluble Anthraquinone Photocatalysts Enable Methanol-Driven Enzymatic Halogenation and Hydroxylation Reactions. ACS Catal 2020; 10:8277-8284. [PMID: 32802571 PMCID: PMC7418218 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Peroxyzymes
simply use H2O2 as a cosubstrate
to oxidize a broad range of inert C–H bonds. The lability of
many peroxyzymes against H2O2 can be addressed
by a controlled supply of H2O2, ideally in situ.
Here, we report a simple, robust, and water-soluble anthraquinone
sulfonate (SAS) as a promising organophotocatalyst to drive both haloperoxidase-catalyzed
halogenation and peroxygenase-catalyzed oxyfunctionalization reactions.
Simple alcohols, methanol in particular, can be used both as a cosolvent
and an electron donor for H2O2 generation. Very
promising turnover numbers for the biocatalysts of up to 318 000
have been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Durga Mahor
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Qiang Fei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Ron Wever
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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25
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De Santis P, Meyer LE, Kara S. The rise of continuous flow biocatalysis – fundamentals, very recent developments and future perspectives. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00335b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Very recent developments in the field of biocatalysis in continuously operated systems. Special attention on the future perspectives in this key emerging technological area ranging from process analytical technologies to digitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera De Santis
- Aarhus University
- Department of Engineering, Biological and Chemical Engineering Section
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group
- DK 8000 Aarhus
- Denmark
| | - Lars-Erik Meyer
- Aarhus University
- Department of Engineering, Biological and Chemical Engineering Section
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group
- DK 8000 Aarhus
- Denmark
| | - Selin Kara
- Aarhus University
- Department of Engineering, Biological and Chemical Engineering Section
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group
- DK 8000 Aarhus
- Denmark
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26
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Honda Y, Shinohara Y, Fujii H. Visible light-driven, external mediator-free H 2 production by a combination of a photosensitizer and a whole-cell biocatalyst: Escherichia coli expressing [FeFe]-hydrogenase and maturase genes. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01099e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new visible light-driven, external mediator-free, and highly efficient H2 production system is developed based on the combination of a photosensitizer and a living whole-cell biocatalyst: genetically engineered Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science
- Faculty of Science
- Nara Women's University
- Nara 630-8506
- Japan
| | - Yuka Shinohara
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science
- Faculty of Science
- Nara Women's University
- Nara 630-8506
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science
- Faculty of Science
- Nara Women's University
- Nara 630-8506
- Japan
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