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Yan L, Chen W, Zhang H, Lu X, Zou L, Lu J, Pan H. Dual-Site Doping in Transition Metal Oxide Cathode Enables High-Voltage Stability of Na-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401915. [PMID: 38805744 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Designing cathode materials that effectively enhancing structural stability under high voltage is paramount for rationally enhancing energy density and safety of Na-ion batteries. This study introduces a novel P2-Na0.73K0.03Ni0.23Li0.1Mn0.67O2 (KLi-NaNMO) cathode through dual-site synergistic doping of K and Li in Na and transition metal (TM) layers. Combining theoretical and experimental studies, this study discovers that Li doping significantly strengthens the orbital overlap of Ni (3d) and O (2p) near the Fermi level, thereby regulates the phase transition and charge compensation processes with synchronized Ni and O redox. The introduction of K further adjusts the ratio of Nae and Naf sites at Na layer with enhanced structural stability and extended lattice space distance, enabling the suppression of TM dissolution, achieving a single-phase transition reaction even at a high voltage of 4.4 V, and improving reaction kinetics. Consequently, KLi-NaNMO exhibits a high capacity (105 and 120 mAh g-1 in the voltage of 2-4.2 V and 2-4.4 V at 0.1 C, respectively) and outstanding cycling performance over 300 cycles under 4.2 and 4.4 V. This work provides a dual-site doping strategy to employ synchronized TM and O redox with improved capacity and high structural stability via electronic and crystal structure modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijue Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Weixin Chen
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Hehe Zhang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Xia Lu
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Lianfeng Zou
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Huilin Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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2
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Lin L, Zhang L, Fu Z, Lou J, Gao Z, Wu J, Li C, Han C, Zhou D, Wang Z, Li B. Unraveling Mechanism for Microstructure Engineering toward High-Capacity Nickel-Rich Cathode Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2406175. [PMID: 38880979 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Microstructural engineering on nickel-rich layered oxide (NRLO) cathode materials is considered a promising approach to increase both the capacity and lifespan of lithium-ion batteries by introducing high valence-state elements. However, rational regulation on NRLO microstructures based on a deep understanding of its capacity enhancement mechanism remains challenging. Herein for the first time, it is demonstrated that an increase of 14 mAh g-1 in reversible capacity at the first cycle can be achieved via tailoring the micro and nano structure of NRLO through introducing tungsten. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) characterization reveals that the formation of a modified microstructure featured as coherent spinel twin boundaries. Theoretical modeling and electrochemical investigations further demonstrate that the capacity increase mechanism is related to such coherent spinel twin boundaries, which can lower the Li+ diffusion barrier and thus allow more Li+ to participate in deeper phase transitions. Meanwhile, the surface and grain boundaries of NRLOs are found to be modified by generating a dense and uniform LiWxOy phase, which further extends its cycle life by reducing side reactions with electrolytes. This work enables a comprehensive understanding of the capacity-increased mechanism and endows the remarkable potential of microstructural engineering for capacity- and lifespan-increased NRLOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Lin
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lihan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Properties of Solids Institute of Microstructure and Properties of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiatao Lou
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ziyao Gao
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Junru Wu
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chenglei Li
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Cuiping Han
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Baohua Li
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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3
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Zhang X, Zuo W, Liu S, Zhao C, Li Q, Gao Y, Liu X, Xiao D, Hwang I, Ren Y, Sun CJ, Chen Z, Wang B, Feng Y, Yang W, Xu GL, Amine K, Yu H. High-Energy Earth-Abundant Cathodes with Enhanced Cationic/Anionic Redox for Sustainable and Long-Lasting Na-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310659. [PMID: 38871360 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Layered iron/manganese-based oxides are a class of promising cathode materials for sustainable batteries due to their high energy densities and earth abundance. However, the stabilization of cationic and anionic redox reactions in these cathodes during cycling at high voltage remain elusive. Here, an electrochemically/thermally stable P2-Na0.67Fe0.3Mn0.5Mg0.1Ti0.1O2 cathode material with zero critical elements is designed for sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) to realize a highly reversible capacity of ≈210 mAh g-1 at 20 mA g-1 and good cycling stability with a capacity retention of 74% after 300 cycles at 200 mA g-1, even when operated with a high charge cut-off voltage of 4.5 V versus sodium metal. Combining a suite of cutting-edge characterizations and computational modeling, it is shown that Mg/Ti co-doping leads to stabilized surface/bulk structure at high voltage and high temperature, and more importantly, enhances cationic/anionic redox reaction reversibility over extended cycles with the suppression of other undesired oxygen activities. This work fundamentally deepens the failure mechanism of Fe/Mn-based layered cathodes and highlights the importance of dopant engineering to achieve high-energy and earth-abundant cathode material for sustainable and long-lasting NIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Zuo
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Qingtian Li
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Xiang Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Dongdong Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Inhui Hwang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yang Ren
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Cheng-Jun Sun
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Zonghai Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Boya Wang
- Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Yunfa Feng
- Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Gui-Liang Xu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Haijun Yu
- Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
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Kang S, Lee S, Lee H, Kang YM. Manipulating disorder within cathodes of alkali-ion batteries. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:587-604. [PMID: 38956354 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The fact that ordered materials are rarely perfectly crystalline is widely acknowledged among materials scientists, but its impact is often overlooked or underestimated when studying how structure relates to properties. Various investigations demonstrate that intrinsic and extrinsic defects, and disorder generated by physicochemical reactions, are responsible for unexpectedly detrimental or beneficial functionalities. The task remains to modulate the disorder to produce desired properties in materials. As disorder is often correlated with local interactions, it is controllable. In this Review, we explore the structural disorder in cathode materials as a novel approach for improving their electrochemical performance. We revisit cathode materials for alkali-ion batteries and outline the origins and beneficial consequences of disorder. Focusing on layered, cubic rocksalt and other metal oxides, we discuss how disorder improves electrochemical properties of cathode materials and which interactions generate the disorder. We also present the potential pitfalls of disorder that must be considered. We conclude with perspectives for enhancing the electrochemical performance of cathode materials by using disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongkoo Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suwon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakwoo Lee
- Department of Battery-Smart Factory, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Mook Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Battery-Smart Factory, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Xu Y, Du Y, Chen H, Chen J, Ding T, Sun D, Kim DH, Lin Z, Zhou X. Recent advances in rational design for high-performance potassium-ion batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:7202-7298. [PMID: 38855863 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00601h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The growing global energy demand necessitates the development of renewable energy solutions to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. To efficiently utilize renewable yet intermittent energy sources such as solar and wind power, there is a critical need for large-scale energy storage systems (EES) with high electrochemical performance. While lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been successfully used for EES, the surging demand and price, coupled with limited supply of crucial metals like lithium and cobalt, raised concerns about future sustainability. In this context, potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have emerged as promising alternatives to commercial LIBs. Leveraging the low cost of potassium resources, abundant natural reserves, and the similar chemical properties of lithium and potassium, PIBs exhibit excellent potassium ion transport kinetics in electrolytes. This review starts from the fundamental principles and structural regulation of PIBs, offering a comprehensive overview of their current research status. It covers cathode materials, anode materials, electrolytes, binders, and separators, combining insights from full battery performance, degradation mechanisms, in situ/ex situ characterization, and theoretical calculations. We anticipate that this review will inspire greater interest in the development of high-efficiency PIBs and pave the way for their future commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yichen Du
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Tangjing Ding
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Dongmei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Xiaosi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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6
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Cheng C, Yan T, Yuan C, Hu H, Xia X, Shen Y, Zhou X, Zeng P, Zhang L. Regulating Oxygen Redox Chemistry through the Synergistic Effect of Transition-Metal Vacancy and Substitution Element for Layered Oxide Cathodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306695. [PMID: 37857593 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Reversible oxygen redox (OR) is considered as a paradigmatic avenue to boost the energy densities of layered oxide cathodes. However, its activation is largely coupled with the local coordination environment around oxygen, which is usually accompanied with irreversible oxygen release and unfavorable structure distortion. Herein, it is revealed that the synergistic effect of transition-metal (TM) vacancy and substitution element for modulating the OR activity and reversibility of layered Na0.67 MnO2 through multimodal operando synchrotron characterizations and electrochemical investigations. It is disclosed that TM vacancy can not only suppress the complicated phase transition but also stimulate the OR activity by creating nonbonding O 2p states via the Na─O─vacancy configurations. Notably, the substitution element plays a decisive role for regulating the reversibility of vacancy-boosted OR activity: the presence of strong Al─O bonds stabilizes the Mn-O motifs by sharing O with Al in the rigid Mn─O─Al frameworks, which mitigates TM migration and oxygen release induced by TM vacancy, leading to enhanced OR reversibility; while the introduction of weak Zn─O bonds exacerbates TM migration and irreversible oxygen release. This work clarifies the critical role of both TM vacancy and substitution element for regulating the OR chemistry, providing an effective avenue for designing high-performance cathodes employing anionic redox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tianran Yan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haolv Hu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiao Xia
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yihao Shen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Pan Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
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7
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Jang HY, Eum D, Cho J, Lim J, Lee Y, Song JH, Park H, Kim B, Kim DH, Cho SP, Jo S, Heo JH, Lee S, Lim J, Kang K. Structurally robust lithium-rich layered oxides for high-energy and long-lasting cathodes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1288. [PMID: 38346943 PMCID: PMC10861561 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
O2-type lithium-rich layered oxides, known for mitigating irreversible transition metal migration and voltage decay, provide suitable framework for exploring the inherent properties of oxygen redox. Here, we present a series of O2-type lithium-rich layered oxides exhibiting minimal structural disordering and stable voltage retention even with high anionic redox participation based on the nominal composition. Notably, we observe a distinct asymmetric lattice breathing phenomenon within the layered framework driven by excessive oxygen redox, which includes substantial particle-level mechanical stress and the microcracks formation during cycling. This chemo-mechanical degradation can be effectively mitigated by balancing the anionic and cationic redox capabilities, securing both high discharge voltage (~ 3.43 V vs. Li/Li+) and capacity (~ 200 mAh g-1) over extended cycles. The observed correlation between the oxygen redox capability and the structural evolution of the layered framework suggests the distinct intrinsic capacity fading mechanism that differs from the previously proposed voltage fading mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Young Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggun Eum
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jiung Cho
- Seoul Western Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 150 Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Lim
- Pohang Light Source-II, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 80 Jigok-ro 127 beon-gil, Nam-gu, Pohang, 36763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Lee
- Pohang Light Source-II, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 80 Jigok-ro 127 beon-gil, Nam-gu, Pohang, 36763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuk Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjun Park
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Pyo Cho
- National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sugeun Jo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisuk Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Rechargeable Battery Innovations, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Zhang XL, Huang ZX, Liu YN, Su MY, Li K, Wu XL. Tuning oxygen release of sodium-ion layered oxide cathode through synergistic surface coating and doping. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:742-751. [PMID: 37441967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Layered transition metal oxides have the greatest potential for commercial application as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. However, transition metal oxides inevitably undergo an irreversible oxygen loss process during cycling, which leads to structural changes in the material and ultimately to severe capacity degradation. In this work, using density function theory (DFT) calculations, the Ni-O bond is revealed to be the weakest of the M-O bonds, which may lead to structural failure. Herein, the synergistic surface CeO2 modification and the trace doping of Ce elements stimulate oxygen redox and improve its reversibility, thus improving the structural stability and electrochemical performance of the material. Theoretical calculations prove that Na0.67Mn0.7Ni0.2Co0.1O2 (MNC) obtains electrons from CeO2, avoiding destruction of the Ni-O bond by over-energy released during the charging process and inhibiting oxygen loss. The capacity retention was 77.37% for 200 cycles at 500 mA g-1, compared to 33.84% for the unmodified Na0.67Mn0.7Ni0.2Co0.1O2. Overall, the present work demonstrates that the synergistic effect of surface coating and doping is an effective strategy for realizing tuning oxygen release and high electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Li Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin 130024, PR China
| | - Yan-Ning Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, PR China
| | - Meng-Yuan Su
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, PR China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.
| | - Xing-Long Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin 130024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Gan Zhou 341000, China.
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9
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Kang S, Choi D, Lee H, Choi B, Kang YM. A Mechanistic Insight into the Oxygen Redox of Li-Rich Layered Cathodes and their Related Electronic/Atomic Behaviors Upon Cycling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211965. [PMID: 36920413 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Li-rich cathodes are extensively investigated as their energy density is superior to Li stoichiometric cathode materials. In addition to the transition metal redox, this intriguing electrochemical performance originates from the redox reaction of the anionic sublattice. This new redox process, the so-called anionic redox or, more directly, oxygen redox in the case of oxides, almost doubles the energy density of Li-rich cathodes compared to conventional cathodes. Numerous theoretical and experimental investigations have thoroughly established the current understanding of the oxygen redox of Li-rich cathodes. However, different reports are occasionally contradictory, indicating that current knowledge remains incomplete. Moreover, several practical issues still hinder the real-world application of Li-rich cathodes. As these issues are related to phenomena resulting from the electronic to atomic evolution induced by unstable oxygen redox, a fundamental multiscale understanding is essential for solving the problem. In this review, the current mechanistic understanding of oxygen redox, the origin of the practical problems, and how current studies tackle the issues are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongkoo Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayeon Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakwoo Lee
- Department of Battery-Smart Factory, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjin Choi
- Cathode Materials R&D Center, LG Chem, Daejeon, 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Mook Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Battery-Smart Factory, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Energy Storage Research Center, Clean Energy Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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10
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Wang B, Zhuo Z, Li H, Liu S, Zhao S, Zhang X, Liu J, Xiao D, Yang W, Yu H. Stacking Faults Inducing Oxygen Anion Activities in Li 2 MnO 3. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207904. [PMID: 36944045 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Controllable anionic redox for a transformational increase in the energy density is the pursuit of next generation Li-ion battery cathode materials. Its activation mechanism is coupled with the local coordination environment around O, which posts experimental challenges for control. Here, the tuning capability of anionic redox is shown by varying O local environment via experimentally controlling the density of stacking faults in Li2 MnO3 , the parent compound of Li-rich oxides. By combining computational analysis and spectroscopic study, it is quantitatively revealed that more stacking faults can trigger smaller LiOLi bond angles and larger LiO bond distance in local Li-rich environments and subsequently activate oxygen redox reactivity, which in turn enhances the reactivity of Mn upon the following reduction process. This study highlights the critical role of local structure environment in tuning the anionic reactivity, which provides guidance in designing high-capacity layered cathodes by appropriately adjusting stacking faults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Wang
- Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Zengqing Zhuo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Haifeng Li
- Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Shu Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Jue Liu
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Dongdong Xiao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Haijun Yu
- Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
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11
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Xia X, Liu T, Cheng C, Li H, Yan T, Hu H, Shen Y, Ju H, Chan TS, Wu Z, Su Y, Zhao Y, Cao D, Zhang L. Suppressing the Dynamic Oxygen Evolution of Sodium Layered Cathodes through Synergistic Surface Dielectric Polarization and Bulk Site-Selective Co-Doping. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209556. [PMID: 36493783 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing anionic redox activity within layered oxide cathode materials represents a transformational avenue for enabling high-energy-density rechargeable batteries. However, the anionic oxygen redox reaction is often accompanied with irreversible dynamic oxygen evolution, leading to unfavorable structural distortion and thus severe voltage decay and rapid capacity fading. Herein, it is proposed and validated that the dynamic oxygen evolution can be effectively suppressed through the synergistic surface CaTiO3 dielectric coating and bulk site-selective Ca/Ti co-doping for layered Na2/3 Ni1/3 Mn2/3 O2 . The surface dielectric coating layer not only suppresses the surface oxygen release but more importantly inhibits the bulk oxygen migration by creating a reverse electric field through dielectric polarization. Meanwhile, the site-selective doping of oxygen-affinity Ca into Na layers and Ti into transition metal layers effectively stabilizes the bulk oxygen through modulating the O 2p band center and the oxygen migration barrier. Such a strategy also leads to a reversible structural evolution with a low volume change because of the enhanced structural integrality and improved oxygen rigidity. Because of these synergistic advantages, the designed electrode exhibits greatly suppressed voltage decay and capacity fading upon long-term cycling. This study affords a promising strategy for regulating the dynamic oxygen evolution to achieve high-capacity layered cathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xia
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hongtai Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tianran Yan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haolv Hu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yihao Shen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Huanxin Ju
- PHI China Analytical Laboratory, CoreTech Integrated Limited, Nanjing, 211111, China
| | - Ting-Shan Chan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Zhenwei Wu
- Institute of Nonequilibrium Systems, School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuefeng Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Duanyun Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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12
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Li Q, Liang Q, Zhang H, Jiao S, Zhuo Z, Wang J, Li Q, Zhang JN, Yu X. Unveiling the High-valence Oxygen Degradation Across the Delithiated Cathode Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215131. [PMID: 36471651 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Charge compensation on anionic redox reaction (ARR) has been promising to realize extra capacity beyond transition metal redox in battery cathodes. The practical development of ARR capacity has been hindered by high-valence oxygen instability, particularly at cathode surfaces. However, the direct probe of surface oxygen behavior has been challenging. Here, the electronic states of surface oxygen are investigated by combining mapping of resonant Auger electronic spectroscopy (mRAS) and ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) on a model LiCoO2 cathode. The mRAS verified that no high-valence oxygen can sustain at cathode surfaces, while APXPS proves that cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer evolves and oxidizes upon oxygen gas contact. This work provides valuable insights into the high-valence oxygen degradation mode across the interface. Oxygen stabilization from surface architecture is proven a prerequisite to the practical development of ARR active cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Li
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qi Liang
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Sichen Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zengqing Zhuo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Junyang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jie-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiqian Yu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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13
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Lee GH, Lim J, Shin J, Hardwick LJ, Yang W. Towards commercialization of fluorinated cation-disordered rock-salt Li-ion cathodes. Front Chem 2023; 11:1098460. [PMID: 36711236 PMCID: PMC9880041 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1098460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cation-disordered rock-salt cathodes (DRX) are promising materials that could deliver high capacities (>250 mAh g-1) with Earth abundant elements and materials. However, their electrochemical performances, other than the capacity, should be improved to be competitive cathodes, and many strategies have been introduced to enhance DRXs. Fluorination has been shown to inhibit oxygen loss and increase power density. Nevertheless, fluorinated cation-disordered rock-salts still suffer from rapid material deterioration and low scalability which limit their practical applications. This mini-review highlights the key challenges for the commercialization of fluorinated cation-disordered rock-salts, discusses the underlying reasons behind material failure and proposes future development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Hyeok Lee
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Gi-Hyeok Lee, ; Wanli Yang,
| | - Jungwoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom,The Faraday Institution, Harwell Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | | | - Laurence J. Hardwick
- Department of Chemistry, Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom,The Faraday Institution, Harwell Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Gi-Hyeok Lee, ; Wanli Yang,
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14
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Shang T, Xiao D, Meng F, Rong X, Gao A, Lin T, Tang Z, Liu X, Li X, Zhang Q, Wen Y, Xiao R, Wang X, Su D, Hu YS, Li H, Yu Q, Zhang Z, Petricek V, Wu L, Gu L, Zuo JM, Zhu Y, Nan CW, Zhu J. Real-space measurement of orbital electron populations for Li 1-xCoO 2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5810. [PMID: 36192395 PMCID: PMC9530229 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The operation of lithium-ion batteries involves electron removal from and filling into the redox orbitals of cathode materials, experimentally probing the orbital electron population thus is highly desirable to resolve the redox processes and charge compensation mechanism. Here, we combine quantitative convergent-beam electron diffraction with high-energy synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction to quantify the orbital populations of Co and O in the archetypal cathode material LiCoO2. The results indicate that removing Li ions from LiCoO2 decreases Co t2g orbital population, and the intensified covalency of Co-O bond upon delithiation enables charge transfer from O 2p orbital to Co eg orbital, leading to increased Co eg orbital population and oxygen oxidation. Theoretical calculations verify these experimental findings, which not only provide an intuitive picture of the redox reaction process in real space, but also offer a guidance for designing high-capacity electrodes by mediating the covalency of the TM-O interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Shang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dongdong Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Fanqi Meng
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Rong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ang Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhexin Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaozhi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuren Wen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Ruijuan Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Dong Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Sheng Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Vaclav Petricek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, 180 40, Czech Republic
| | - Lijun Wu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973, USA.
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. .,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Min Zuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973, USA
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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15
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Fang L, Zhou L, Park M, Han D, Lee G, Kang S, Lee S, Chen M, Hu Z, Zhang K, Nam K, Kang Y. Hysteresis Induced by Incomplete Cationic Redox in Li-Rich 3d-Transition-Metal Layered Oxides Cathodes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201896. [PMID: 35661447 PMCID: PMC9376854 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Activation of oxygen redox during the first cycle has been reported as the main trigger of voltage hysteresis during further cycles in high-energy-density Li-rich 3d-transition-metal layered oxides. However, it remains unclear whether hysteresis only occurs due to oxygen redox. Here, it is identified that the voltage hysteresis can highly correlate to cationic reduction during discharge in the Li-rich layered oxide, Li1.2 Ni0.4 Mn0.4 O2 . In this material, the potential region of discharge accompanied by hysteresis is apparently separated from that of discharge unrelated to hysteresis. The quantitative analysis of soft/hard X-ray absorption spectroscopies discloses that hysteresis is associated with an incomplete cationic reduction of Ni during discharge. The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique shows that the inevitable energy consumption caused by hysteresis corresponds to an overpotential of 0.3 V. The results unveil that hysteresis can also be affected by cationic redox in Li-rich layered cathodes, implying that oxygen redox cannot be the only reason for the evolution of voltage hysteresis. Therefore, appropriate control of both cationic and anionic redox of Li-rich layered oxides will allow them to reach their maximum energy density and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fang
- Department of Energy and Materials EngineeringDongguk University – SeoulSeoul04620Republic of Korea
| | - Limin Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Mihui Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Daseul Han
- Department of Energy and Materials EngineeringDongguk University – SeoulSeoul04620Republic of Korea
| | - Gi‐Hyeok Lee
- Department of Energy and Materials EngineeringDongguk University – SeoulSeoul04620Republic of Korea
| | - Seongkoo Kang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Suwon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Mingzhe Chen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Zhe Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)Engineering Research Center of High‐efficiency Energy Storage (Ministry of Education)Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)Engineering Research Center of High‐efficiency Energy Storage (Ministry of Education)Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Kyung‐Wan Nam
- Department of Energy and Materials EngineeringDongguk University – SeoulSeoul04620Republic of Korea
| | - Yong‐Mook Kang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science & TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
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16
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Wang T, Huang TQ, Li XL, Ma L, Wang YK, Qiao Y, Gao SP, Shadike Z, Fu ZW. Anomalous Redox Features Induced by Strong Covalency in Layered NaTi 1-y V y S 2 Cathodes for Na-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205444. [PMID: 35468263 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The rising demand for energy density of cathodes means the need to raise the voltage or capacity of cathodes. Transition metal (TM) doping has been employed to enhance the electrochemical properties in multiple aspects. The redox voltage of doped cathodes usually falls in between the voltage of undoped layered cathodes. However, we found anomalous redox features in NaTi1-y Vy S2 . The first discharge platform potential (2.4 V) is significantly higher than that of undoped NaTiS2 and NaVS2 (both around 2.2 V), and the energy density is raised by 15 %. We speculate that the anomalous voltage is mainly attributed to the strong hybridization in the Ti-V-S system. Ti3+ and V3+ undergo charge transfer and form a more stable Ti (t2g 0 eg 0 ) and V (t2g 3 eg 0 ) electronic configuration. Our results indicate that higher voltage of cathode materials could be achieved by strong TM-ligand covalency, and this conclusion provides possible opportunities to explore high voltage materials for future layered cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tao-Qing Huang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xun-Lu Li
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Lu Ma
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Yu-Ke Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shang-Peng Gao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zulipiya Shadike
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zheng-Wen Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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17
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Wang T, Huang T, Li X, Ma L, Wang Y, Qiao Y, Gao S, Shadike Z, Fu Z. Anomalous Redox Features Induced by Strong Covalency in Layered NaTi
1−
y
V
y
S
2
Cathodes for Na‐Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Tao‐Qing Huang
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Xun‐Lu Li
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Lu Ma
- National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
| | - Yu‐Ke Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Shang‐Peng Gao
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Zulipiya Shadike
- Institute of Fuel Cells School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zheng‐Wen Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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18
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Shi XH, Wang YP, Cao X, Wu S, Hou Z, Zhu Z. Charge Compensation Mechanisms and Oxygen Vacancy Formations in LiNi 1/3Co 1/3Mn 1/3O 2: First-Principles Calculations. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:14875-14886. [PMID: 35557692 PMCID: PMC9088901 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Charge compensation mechanisms in the delithiation processes of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM111) are compared in detail by the first-principles calculations with GGA and GGA+U methods under different U values reported in the literature. The calculations suggested that different sets of U values lead to different charge compensation mechanisms in the delithiation process. Co3+/Co4+ couples were shown to dominate the redox reaction for 1 ≥ x ≥ 2/3 by using the GGA+U 1 method (U 1 = 6.0 3.4 3.9 for Ni, Co, and Mn, respectively). However, by using the GGA+U 2 (U 2 = 6.0 5.5 4.2) method, the results indicated that the redox reaction of Ni2+/Ni3+ took place in the range of 1 ≥ x ≥ 2/3. Therefore, according to our study, experimental charge compensation processes during delithiation are of great importance to evaluate the theoretical calculations. The results also indicated that all the GGA+U i (i = 1, 2, 3) schemes predicted better voltage platforms than the GGA method. The oxygen anionic redox reactions during delithiation are also compared with GGA+U calculations under different U values. The electronic density of states and magnetic moments of transition metals have been employed to illustrate the redox reactions during the lithium extractions in NCM111. We have also investigated the formation energies of an oxygen vacancy in NCM111 under different values of U, which is important in understanding the possible occurrence of oxygen release. The formation energy of an O vacancy is essentially dependent on the experimental conditions. As expected, the decreased temperature and increased oxygen partial pressure can suppress the formation of the oxygen vacancy. The calculations can help improve the stability of the lattice oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Shi
- Department
of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Department
of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xinrui Cao
- Department
of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shunqing Wu
- Department
of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhufeng Hou
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zizhong Zhu
- Department
of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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19
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Wang H, Ning D, Wang L, Li H, Li Q, Ge M, Zou J, Chen S, Shao H, Lai Y, Zhang Y, Xing G, Pang WK, Tang Y. In Operando Neutron Scattering Multiple-Scale Studies of Lithium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107491. [PMID: 35195340 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Real-time observation of the electrochemical mechanistic behavior at various scales offers new insightful information to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). As complementary to the X-ray-based techniques and electron microscopy-based methodologies, neutron scattering provides additional and unique advantages in materials research, owing to the different interactions with atomic nuclei. The non-Z-dependent elemental contrast, in addition to the high penetration ability and weak interaction with matters, makes neutron scattering an advanced probing tool for the in operando mechanistic studies of LIBs. The neutron-based techniques, such as neutron powder diffraction, small-angle neutron scattering, neutron reflectometry, and neutron imaging, have their distinct functionalities and characteristics regimes. These result in their scopes of application distributed in different battery components and covering the full spectrum of all aspects of LIBs. The review surveys the state-of-the-art developments of real-time investigation of the dynamic evolutions of electrochemically active compounds at various scales using neutron techniques. The atomic-scale, the mesoscopic-scale, and at the macroscopic-scale within LIBs during electrochemical functioning provide insightful information to battery researchers. The authors envision that this review will popularize the applications of neutron-based techniques in LIB studies and furnish important inspirations to battery researchers for the rational design of the new generation of LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibo Wang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - De Ning
- Center for Photonics Information and Energy Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Litong Wang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Heng Li
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Qingyuan Li
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Mingzheng Ge
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Junyan Zou
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Shi Chen
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Huaiyu Shao
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Yuekun Lai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Wei Kong Pang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Yuxin Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Chemical Engineering of China, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
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20
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Cheng C, Chen C, Chu S, Hu H, Yan T, Xia X, Feng X, Guo J, Sun D, Wu J, Guo S, Zhang L. Enhancing the Reversibility of Lattice Oxygen Redox Through Modulated Transition Metal-Oxygen Covalency for Layered Battery Electrodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201152. [PMID: 35315130 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing reversible lattice oxygen redox (OR) in battery electrodes is an essential strategy to overcome the capacity limitation set by conventional transition metal redox. However, lattice OR reactions are often accompanied with irreversible oxygen oxidation, leading to local structural transformations and voltage/capacity fading. Herein, it is proposed that the reversibility of lattice OR can be remarkably improved through modulating transition metal-oxygen covalency for layered electrode of Na-ion batteries. By developing a novel layered P2-Na0.6 Mg0.15 Mn0.7 Cu0.15 O2 electrode, it is demonstrated that the highly electronegative Cu dopants can improve the lattice OR reversibility to 95% compared to 73% for Cu-free counterpart, as directly quantified through high-efficiency mapping of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. Crucially, the large energetic overlap between Cu 3d and O 2p states dictates the rigidity of oxygen framework, which effectively mitigates the structural distortion of local oxygen environment upon (de)sodiation and leads to the enhanced lattice OR reversibility. The electrode also exhibits a completely solid-solution reaction with an ultralow volume change of only 0.45% and a reversible metal migration upon cycling, which together ensure the improved electrochemical performance. These results emphasize the critical role of transition metal-oxygen covalency for enhancing the reversibility of lattice OR toward high-capacity electrodes employing OR chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shiyong Chu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Haolv Hu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tianran Yan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiao Xia
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xuefei Feng
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Dan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jinpeng Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shaohua Guo
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
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21
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Zhu Z, Cao S, Ge X, Xi S, Xia H, Zhang W, Lv Z, Wei J, Chen X. Enabling the High-Voltage Operation of Layered Ternary Oxide Cathodes via Thermally Tailored Interphase. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2100920. [PMID: 35243830 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Layered ternary oxides LiNix Mny Coz O2 are promising cathode candidates for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but they usually suffer from the severe interfacial parasitic reactions at voltages above 4.3 V versus Li+ /Li, which greatly limit their practical capacities. Herein, using LiNi1/3 Mn1/3 Co1/3 O2 (NMC111) as the model system, a novel high-temperature pre-cycling strategy is proposed to realize its stable cycling in 3.0-4.5 V by constructing a robust cathode/electrolyte interphase (CEI). Specifically, performing the first five cycles of NMC111 at 55 °C helps to yield a uniform CEI layer enriched with fluorine-containing species, Li2 CO3 and poly(CO3 ), which greatly suppresses the detrimental side reactions during extended cycling at 25 °C, endowing the cell with a capacity retention of 92.3% at 1C after 300 cycles, far surpassing 62.0% for the control sample without the thermally tailored CEI. This work highlights the critical role of temperature on manipulating the interfacial properties of cathode materials, opening a new avenue for developing high-voltage cathodes for Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shengkai Cao
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiang Ge
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Huarong Xia
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhisheng Lv
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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22
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Chen M, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Xing G, Tang Y. Lithium-rich sulfide/selenide cathodes for next-generation lithium-ion batteries: challenges and perspectives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3591-3600. [PMID: 35254369 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00477a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The extraordinarily high capacity exhibited by lithium-rich oxides has motivated intensive investigations towards both the cationic and anionic redox processes. With recent main focus on the anionic redox behavior, the anionic redox chemistry has emerged as a new orientation to pursue higher-energy cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. However, the key practical issues such as voltage decay, voltage hysteresis, and irreversible oxygen loss of lithium-rich oxides have triggered researchers to act on the ligand by designing novel lithium-rich sulfides/selenides. In light of this, we herein provide a timely and in-depth perspective on the development of these lithium-rich sulfides/selenides with various structures and coordinations. We highlighted both the variations of phases and structures, lithium storage mechanism, detailed change of sulfur/selenide through anionic redox, and potentials for higher energy densities. We also outlined the main academic and commercial obstacles or challenges for these Li-rich sulfides/selenides for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Yunfei Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China.
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23
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Huang X, Zhang P, Liu Z, Ma B, Zhou Y, Tian X. Fluorine Doping Induced Crystal Space Change and Performance Improvement of Single Crystalline LiNi
0.6
Co
0.2
Mn
0.2
O
2
Layered Cathode Materials. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology College of Materials and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology College of Materials and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 P. R. China
| | - Zhaofeng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology College of Materials and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 P. R. China
| | - Ben Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology College of Materials and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 P. R. China
| | - Yingke Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology College of Materials and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology College of Materials and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 P. R. China
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24
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Xiao B, Liu X, Chen X, Lee GH, Song M, Yang X, Omenya F, Reed DM, Sprenkle V, Ren Y, Sun CJ, Yang W, Amine K, Li X, Xu G, Li X. Uncommon Behavior of Li Doping Suppresses Oxygen Redox in P2-Type Manganese-Rich Sodium Cathodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2107141. [PMID: 34632654 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing both cationic and anionic oxygen redox reactions is regarded as an important approach to exploit high-capacity layered cathode materials with earth abundant elements. It has been popular strategies to effectively elevate the oxygen redox activities by Li-doping to introduce unhybridized O 2p orbitals in Nax MnO2 -based chemistries or enabling high covalency transition metals in P2-Na0.66 Mnx TM1- x O2 (TM = Fe, Cu, Ni) materials. Here, the effect of Li doping on regulating the oxygen redox activities P2-structured Na0.66 Ni0.25 Mn0.75 O2 materials is investigated. Systematic X-ray characterizations and ab initio simulations have shown that the doped Li has uncommon behavior in modulating the density of states of the neighboring Ni, Mn, and O, leading to the suppression of the existing oxygen and Mn redox reactivities and the promotion of the Ni redox. The findings provide a complementary scenario to current oxygen redox mechanisms and shed lights on developing new routes for high-performance cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biwei Xiao
- Energy & Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Xiang Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Gi-Hyeok Lee
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Miao Song
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Energy & Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Fred Omenya
- Energy & Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - David M Reed
- Energy & Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Vincent Sprenkle
- Energy & Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yang Ren
- X-ray science division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Cheng-Jun Sun
- X-ray science division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xin Li
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Guiliang Xu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Energy & Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
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25
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Qian G, Wang J, Li H, Ma ZF, Pianetta P, Li L, Yu X, Liu Y. Structural and chemical evolution in layered oxide cathodes of lithium-ion batteries revealed by synchrotron techniques. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 9:nwab146. [PMID: 35145703 PMCID: PMC8824737 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rechargeable battery technologies have revolutionized electronics, transportation and grid energy storage. Many materials are being researched for battery applications, with layered transition metal oxides (LTMO) the dominating cathode candidate with remarkable electrochemical performance. Yet, daunting challenges persist in the quest for further battery developments targeting lower cost, longer lifespan, improved energy density and enhanced safety. This is, in part, because of the intrinsic complexity of real-world batteries, featuring sophisticated interplay among microstructural, compositional and chemical heterogeneities, which has motivated tremendous research efforts using state-of-the-art analytical techniques. In this research field, synchrotron techniques have been identified as a suite of effective methods for advanced battery characterization in a non-destructive manner with sensitivities to the lattice, electronic and morphological structures. This article provides a holistic overview of cutting-edge developments in synchrotron-based research on LTMO battery cathode materials. We discuss the complexity and evolution of LTMO’s material properties upon battery operation and review recent synchrotron-based research works that address the frontier challenges and provide novel insights in this field. Finally, we formulate a perspective on future directions of synchrotron-based battery research, involving next-generation X-ray facilities and advanced computational developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Qian
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Device Research Center (SEED), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junyang Wang
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zi-Feng Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Device Research Center (SEED), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Piero Pianetta
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Linsen Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Device Research Center (SEED), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Xiqian Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yijin Liu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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26
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Wu N, Zhou X, Kidkhunthod P, Yao W, Song T, Tang Y. K-Ion Battery Cathode Design Utilizing Trigonal Prismatic Ligand Field. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101788. [PMID: 33969548 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic physical and chemical properties of materials are largely governed by the bonding and electronic structures of their fundamental building units. The majority of cathode materials contain octahedral TMO6 (TM = transition metal), which dominates the redox chemistry during electrochemical operation. As a less symmetric form of TMO6 , the trigonal prismatic geometry is not a traditionally favored coordination configuration as it tends to lose the crystal-field stabilization energy and thus generate large ligand repulsion. Herein, a K-ion battery cathode design, K2 Fe(C2 O4 )2 , is shown, where the TMO6 trigonal prism (TP) is not only electrochemically active but stable enough to allow for excellent cycling stability. Detailed synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements reveal the evolution of localized fine structure, evidencing the electrochemical activity, reversibility, and stability of the TP motif. The findings are expected to expand the toolbox for the rational design of electrode materials by taking advantage of TP as a structural gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanzhong Wu
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhou
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Pinit Kidkhunthod
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Wenjiao Yao
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tianyi Song
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yongbing Tang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing & Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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27
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Li S, Sun X, Liu Y, Liu G, Xue W, Waluyo I, Zhu Z, Zhu Y, Dong Y, Huang Y, Li J. Thermally Aged Li-Mn-O Cathode with Stabilized Hybrid Cation and Anion Redox. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4176-4184. [PMID: 33988361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Though low-cost and environmentally friendly, Li-Mn-O cathodes suffer from low energy density. Although synthesized Li4Mn5O12-like overlithiated spinel cathode with reversible hybrid anion- and cation-redox (HACR) activities has a high initial capacity, it degrades rapidly due to oxygen loss and side-reaction-induced electrolyte decomposition. Herein, we develop a two-step heat treatment to promote local decomposition as Li4Mn5O12 → 2LiMn2O4 + Li2MnO3 + 1/2 O2↑, which releases near-surface reactive oxygen that is harmful to cycling stability. The produced nanocomposite delivers a high discharge capacity of 225 mAh/g and energy density of over 700 Wh/kg at active-material level at a current density of 100 mA/g between 1.8 to 4.7 V. Benefiting from suppressed oxygen loss and side reactions, 80% capacity retention is achieved after 214 cycles in half cells. With industrially acceptable electrolyte amount (6 g/Ah), full cells paired with Li4Ti5O12 anode have a good retention over 100 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Xin Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Guang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Weijiang Xue
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Iradwikanari Waluyo
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Zhi Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yunguang Zhu
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yanhao Dong
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yunhui Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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28
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Chen J, Deng W, Gao X, Yin S, Yang L, Liu H, Zou G, Hou H, Ji X. Demystifying the Lattice Oxygen Redox in Layered Oxide Cathode Materials of Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6061-6104. [PMID: 33792291 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The practical application of lithium-ion batteries suffers from low energy density and the struggle to satisfy the ever-growing requirements of the energy-storage Internet. Therefore, developing next-generation electrode materials with high energy density is of the utmost significance. There are high expectations with respect to the development of lattice oxygen redox (LOR)-a promising strategy for developing cathode materials as it renders nearly a doubling of the specific capacity. However, challenges have been put forward toward the deep-seated origins of the LOR reaction and if its whole potential could be effectively realized in practical application. In the following Review, the intrinsic science that induces the LOR activity and crystal structure evolution are extensively discussed. Moreover, a variety of characterization techniques for investigating these behaviors are presented. Furthermore, we have highlighted the practical restrictions and outlined the probable approaches of Li-based layered oxide cathodes for improving such materials to meet the practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Wentao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Shouyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Huanqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Guoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Hongshuai Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaobo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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Grenier A, Kamm GE, Li Y, Chung H, Meng YS, Chapman KW. Nanostructure Transformation as a Signature of Oxygen Redox in Li-Rich 3d and 4d Cathodes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5763-5770. [PMID: 33825477 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-rich nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LRNMC) is being explored as an alternative to stoichiometric nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cathode materials due to its higher, initially accessible, energy-storage capacity. This higher capacity has been associated with reversible O oxidation; however, the mechanism through which the change in O chemistry is accommodated by the surrounding cathode structure remains incomplete, making it challenging to design strategies to mitigate poor electrode performance resulting from extended cycling. Focusing on LRNMC cathodes, we identify nanoscale domains of lower electron density within the cathode as a structural consequence of O oxidation using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and operando X-ray diffraction (XRD). A feature observed in the small angle scattering region suggests the formation of nanopores, which first appears during O oxidation, and is partially reversible. This feature is not present in traditional cathode materials, including stoichiometric NMC and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) but appears to be common to other Li-rich systems tested here, Li2RuO3 and Li1.3Nb0.3Mn0.4O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Grenier
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Gabrielle E Kamm
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Yixuan Li
- Department of Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Hyeseung Chung
- Department of Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ying Shirley Meng
- Department of Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Karena W Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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30
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Wang C, Liu L, Zhao S, Liu Y, Yang Y, Yu H, Lee S, Lee GH, Kang YM, Liu R, Li F, Chen J. Tuning local chemistry of P2 layered-oxide cathode for high energy and long cycles of sodium-ion battery. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2256. [PMID: 33859197 PMCID: PMC8050090 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Layered transition-metal oxides have attracted intensive interest for cathode materials of sodium-ion batteries. However, they are hindered by the limited capacity and inferior phase transition due to the gliding of transition-metal layers upon Na+ extraction and insertion in the cathode materials. Here, we report that the large-sized K+ is riveted in the prismatic Na+ sites of P2-Na0.612K0.056MnO2 to enable more thermodynamically favorable Na+ vacancies. The Mn-O bonds are reinforced to reduce phase transition during charge and discharge. 0.901 Na+ per formula are reversibly extracted and inserted, in which only the two-phase transition of P2 ↔ P'2 occurs at low voltages. It exhibits the highest specific capacity of 240.5 mAh g-1 and energy density of 654 Wh kg-1 based on the redox of Mn3+/Mn4+, and a capacity retention of 98.2% after 100 cycles. This investigation will shed lights on the tuneable chemical environments of transition-metal oxides for advanced cathode materials and promote the development of sodium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Luojia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanchen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yubo Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Suwon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yong-Mook Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rong Liu
- Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Facility, Western Sydney University, Locked 17 Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Fujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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31
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Chen Y, Wang S, Jie Y, Lei Z, Cao R, Jiao S. Synthesis and Electrochemical Investigation of O3-Type High-nickel NCM Cathodes for Sodium-ion Batteries. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-0441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Li Q, Lebens-Higgins ZW, Li Y, Meng YS, Chuang YD, Piper LFJ, Liu Z, Yang W. Could Irradiation Introduce Oxidized Oxygen Signals in Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering of Battery Electrodes? J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1138-1143. [PMID: 33476153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of oxidized oxygen states through high-efficiency mapping of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (mRIXS) has become a crucial approach for studying the oxygen redox activities in high-energy battery cathodes. However, this approach has been recently challenged due to the concern of irradiation damage. Here we revisited a typical Li-rich electrode, Li1.144Ni0.136Mn0.544Co0.136O2, in both lithiated and delithiated states and evaluated the X-ray irradiation effect in the lengthy mRIXS experiments. Our results show that irradiation cannot introduce any oxidized oxygen feature, and the features of oxidized oxygen are weakened with a high X-ray dose. The results confirm again that mRIXS detects the intrinsic oxidized oxygen state in battery electrodes. However, the distinct irradiation effects in different systems imply that irradiation could selectively target the least stable elemental or chemical states, which should be analyzed with caution in the study of active chemical states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | | | | | - Yi-de Chuang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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33
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Hu J, Wang Q, Wu B, Tan S, Shadike Z, Bi Y, Whittingham MS, Xiao J, Yang XQ, Hu E. Fundamental Linkage Between Structure, Electrochemical Properties, and Chemical Compositions of LiNi 1-x-yMn xCo yO 2 Cathode Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:2622-2629. [PMID: 33410655 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
LiNi1-x-yMnxCoyO2 (NMC) is an important class of high-energy-density cathode materials. The possibility of changing both x and y in the chemical formula provides numerous materials with diverse electrochemical and structural properties. It is highly desirable to have guidance on correlating NMC structural and electrochemical properties with their chemical composition for material designing and screening. Here, using synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, electrochemical characterization, and literature survey, the content difference between Mn and Co (denoted as x-y in NMC) is identified as an effective indicator to estimate Li/transition metal (Li/TM) cation mixing ratio and first-cycle Coulombic efficiency (CE). In addition, a linear relationship between oxygen position "z" and the size difference between Li+ and TM cation (normalized by the c-axis length) is found, and such linearity can be used to accurately predict the oxygen position in NMC materials by considering the average TM cation size and c-axis length. It is also concluded that the shortest O-O distance in the bulk of NMC materials could not be shorter than 2.5 Å even at a highly charged state. Therefore, oxygen release is not likely to take place from the bulk if the structure maintains the R3 ̅m symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Hu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354 United States
| | - Qinchao Wang
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973 United States
| | - Bingbin Wu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354 United States
| | - Sha Tan
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973 United States
| | - Zulipiya Shadike
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973 United States
| | - Yujing Bi
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354 United States
| | - M Stanley Whittingham
- Materials Science & Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, 13902 United States
| | - Jie Xiao
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354 United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701 United States
| | - Xiao-Qing Yang
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973 United States
| | - Enyuan Hu
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973 United States
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34
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Wu J, Shen ZX, Yang W. Redox Mechanism in Na-Ion Battery Cathodes Probed by Advanced Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy. Front Chem 2020; 8:816. [PMID: 33102438 PMCID: PMC7522200 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A Na-ion battery (NIB) device is a promising solution for mid-/large-scale energy storage, with the advantages of material abundance, low cost, and environmental benignity. To improve the NIB capacity and retainability, extensive efforts have been put into the developments of NIB electrode materials. The redox activities of the transition metal (TM)-based NIB electrodes are critical in defining the capacity and stability. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on recent studies of the redox mechanisms of NIB cathodes through synchrotron-based soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS) and mapping of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (mRIXS). These soft X-ray techniques are direct and effective tools to fingerprint the TM-3d and O-p states with both bulk and surface sensitivities. Particularly, 3d TM L-edge sXAS has been used to quantify the cationic redox contributions to the electrochemical property; however, it suffers from lineshape distortion for the bulk sensitive signals in some scenarios. With the new dimension of information along the emitted photon energy, mRIXS can address the distortion issue of in TM-L sXAS; moreover, it also breaks through the limitation of conventional sXAS on detecting unconventional TM and O states, e.g., Mn(I) in NIB anode and oxidized oxygen in NIB cathodes. The mRIXS fingerprint of the oxidized oxygen state enables the detection of the reversibility of the oxygen redox reaction through the evolution of feature intensity upon electrochemical cycling and thus clarifies various misunderstandings in our conventional wisdom. We conclude that, with mRIXS established as a powerful tool, its potential and power will continue to be explored for characterizing novel chemical states in NIB electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Wu
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Zhi-Xun Shen
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, United States.,Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
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35
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Abstract
ConspectusThe importance of current Li-ion batteries (LIBs) in modern society cannot be overstated. While the energy demands of devices increase, the corresponding enhancements in energy density of battery technologies are highly sought after. Currently, many different battery concepts, such as Li-S and metal-air among many others, have been investigated. However, their practical implementation has mostly been restricted to the prototyping stage. In fact, most of these technologies require rework of existing Li-ion battery manufacturing facilities and will naturally incur resistance to change from industry. For this reason, one specifically attractive technology, anionic redox in transition metal oxides, has gained much attention in the recent years. Its ability to be directly used in already established processes and higher energy density with similar electrolyte formulation make it a key materials research direction for next generation Li-ion batteries. In regular LIBs, the redox active centers are the transition metal cation. In anion redox, both the anion (typically O) and the transition metal cation are utilized as redox centers with enormous implications for increasing energy density. This new material can be highly competitive for replacing the current LIB technologies. However, much is still unknown about its cycling mechanism. Upon activating the O redox couples, most cationic and anionic redox active materials will either evolve O2 or undergo irreversible structural degradation with associated severe decreases in electrochemical performance. By understanding the transition from full anion redox to partial cationic and anionic redox, we hope readers can gain a deeper understanding of the topic.This Account will focus mainly on the work that was conducted by our group at Argonne National Laboratory. The phenomenon of cationic and anionic redox in a lithium-ion battery cathode will first be discussed. Our work in resonant inelastic X-ray scattering to investigate the spectroscopic features of O after delithiation has found potential "fingerprint" signals that could likely be used to identify and confirm reversible O redox if corroborated with other techniques. To follow, we will examine our work on Li-O2 batteries. While our group and the research community have had many significant contributions and improvements to the field of Li-O2 (such as decreasing overpotential and achieving cyclability in air environment), its practical application is still far from realization. Perhaps our most important contribution to this area is the discovery that Ir deposited on reduced graphene oxide can be used to halt the reduction of O2 at the LiO2 oxidation state. This not only significantly decreases the charge overpotential but also presents the important concept of oxidation-state controlled discharge. Subsequently, we will focus on our oxidation state-controlled redox-based charging of oxygen in a pure oxygen redox Li-ion battery. Future implications of this technology will be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Li
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xuanxuan Bi
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jun Lu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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36
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Davies DW, Morgan BJ, Scanlon DO, Walsh A. Low-cost descriptors of electrostatic and electronic contributions to anion redox activity in batteries. IOP SCINOTES 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2633-1357/ab9750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Conventional battery cathodes are limited by the redox capacity of the transition metal components. For example, the delithiation of LiCoO2 involves the formal oxidation from Co(III) to Co(IV). Enhanced capacities can be achieved if the anion also contributes to reversible oxidation. The origins of redox activity in crystals are difficult to quantify from experimental measurements or first-principles materials modelling. We present practical procedures to describe the electrostatic (Madelung potential) and electronic (integrated density of states) contributions, which are applied to the LiMO2 and Li2
MO3 (M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au) model systems. We discuss how such descriptors could be integrated in a materials design workflow.
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37
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Li Q, Yan S, Yang W. Interfacial properties in energy storage systems studied by soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:140901. [PMID: 32295356 DOI: 10.1063/5.0003311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interfacial behaviors and properties play critical roles in determining key practical parameters of electrochemical energy storage systems, such as lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. Soft x-ray spectroscopy features shallow penetration depth and demonstrates inherent surface sensitivity to characterize the interfacial behavior with elemental and chemical sensitivities. In this review, we present a brief survey of modern synchrotron-based soft x-ray spectroscopy of the interface in electrochemical energy storage systems. The technical focus includes core-level spectroscopy of conventional x-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS). We show that while conventional techniques remain powerful for probing the chemical species on the surface, today's material research studies have triggered much more demanding chemical sensitivity that could only be offered by advanced techniques such as RIXS. Another direction in the field is the rapid development of various in situ/operando characterizations of complex electrochemical systems. Notably, the solid-state battery systems provide unique advantages for future studies of both the surface/interface and the bulk properties under operando conditions. We conclude with perspectives on the bright future of studying electrochemical systems through these advanced soft x-ray spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Li
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Shishen Yan
- School of Physics, National Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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38
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Zhuo Z, Liu YS, Guo J, Chuang YD, Pan F, Yang W. Full Energy Range Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering of O 2 and CO 2: Direct Comparison with Oxygen Redox State in Batteries. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2618-2623. [PMID: 32154725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The evolving oxygen state plays key roles in the performance and stability of high-energy batteries involving oxygen redox reactions. Here, high-efficiency full energy range O-K mapping of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (mRIXS) was collected from O2 (O0) and CO2 (O2- with strong covalency) molecules and compared directly with Li2O2 (O-) and the oxidized oxygen state in representative Na/Li-ion battery electrodes. Our results confirm again that the critical mRIXS feature around the 523.7 eV emission energy is from intrinsically oxidized oxygen, but not from the highly covalent oxygen state (CO2). The comparison of the mRIXS profile of the four different oxygen states, i.e., O2-, O-, On- (0 < n < 2), and O0, reveals that oxygen redox states in batteries have distinct widths and positions along the excitation energy compared with Li2O2 and O2. The nature of the oxidized oxygen state in oxide electrodes is thus beyond a simple molecular configuration of either peroxide or O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqing Zhuo
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley California 94720, United States
| | - Yi-Sheng Liu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley California 94720, United States
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley California 94720, United States
| | - Yi-de Chuang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley California 94720, United States
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley California 94720, United States
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39
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Wu J, Yang Y, Yang W. Advances in soft X-ray RIXS for studying redox reaction states in batteries. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13519-13527. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01782e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-efficiency mapping of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (mRIXS) for detecting and quantifying both cationic and anionic redox states in batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
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40
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Li YF, Wang SG, Shi YH, Fan CY, Lin J, Wu XL, Sun HZ, Zhang JP, Xie HM. In situ chemically encapsulated and controlled SnS 2 nanocrystal composites for durable lithium/sodium-ion batteries. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15874-15882. [PMID: 33156304 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02877k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SnS2 as the promising anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) still encounters the undesirable rate performance and cycle stability. Herein, a unique stable structure is developed, where the SnS2 nanocrystals (NCs) are sturdily encapsulated by carbon shells anchored on a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) via the one-pot solvothermal process. The well-controlled carbon shells provide the enduring protection for SnS2 NCs through C-S covalent bonds from the corrosion of electrolyte and pulverization of structure. Moreover, both experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the carbon protective shell effectively enhances the structure stability and conductivity of the resulting materials. Interestingly, the size of SnS2 NCs and the thickness of carbon shells are accurately controlled by regulating the content of glucose. Aided by the advanced electron/ion transfer kinetics and structure stability, the SnS2-based electrode exhibits desired lithium/sodium storage performance and unprecedented long-term cycling stability (capacity retention of 74.7% after 1000 cycles at 2 A g-1 for LIBs and 102% after 200 cycles at 500 mA g-1 for SIBs). This work develops a method for promoting the practical applications and large-scale production of SnS2 composites for energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei Li
- College of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Shu-Guang Wang
- School of Energy and Mechanics, Dezhou University, No. 566 West University Road, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Yan-Hong Shi
- College of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Chao-Ying Fan
- Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jian Lin
- College of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Xing-Long Wu
- College of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Hai-Zhu Sun
- College of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Jing-Ping Zhang
- College of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Hai-Ming Xie
- College of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China.
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