1
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Cancellieri MC, Nobbio C, Gatti FG, Brenna E, Parmeggiani F. Applications of biocatalytic CC bond reductions in the synthesis of flavours and fragrances. J Biotechnol 2024; 390:13-27. [PMID: 38761886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Industrial biotechnology and biocatalysis can provide very effective synthetic tools to increase the sustainability of the production of fine chemicals, especially flavour and fragrance (F&F) ingredients, the market demand of which has been constantly increasing in the last years. One of the most important transformations in F&F chemistry is the reduction of CC bonds, typically carried out with metal-catalysed hydrogenations or hydride-based reagents. Its biocatalytic counterpart is a competitive alternative, showcasing a range of advantages such as excellent chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity, ease of implementation, mild reaction conditions and modest environmental impact. In the present review, the application of biocatalysed alkene reductions (from microbial fermentations with wild-type strains to engineered isolated ene-reductase enzymes) to synthetic processes useful for the F&F industry will be described, highlighting not only the exquisite stereoselectivity achieved, but also the overall improvement when chirality is not involved. Multi-enzymatic cascades involving CC bioreductions are also examined, which allow much greater chemical complexity to be built in one-pot biocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Cancellieri
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Celeste Nobbio
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Francesco G Gatti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Brenna
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
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2
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He T, Liang C, Jiang P, Liang H, Liao S, Huang S. Radical Ring-Opening Fluorosulfonylation of Methylenecyclobutanols via Electron Donor-Acceptor Photoactivation. Org Lett 2024; 26:5577-5581. [PMID: 38912598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
A visible-light-mediated catalyst- and additive-free method for radical ring-opening fluorosulfonylation of methylenecyclobutanols is reported. Sulfuryl chlorofluoride acts as a FSO2 radical precursor as well as an electron acceptor to form electron donor-acceptor complexes with various methylenecyclobutanol substrates. This method shows fully regioselective and (E)-stereoselective ring-opening processes, providing a variety of FSO2-functionalized γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyls in 38-77% yields. A selection of product diversifications has been studied to demonstrate the versatility of these sulfonyl fluoride products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu He
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqiang Liang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Saihu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education of China, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, People's Republic of China
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3
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Zeng H, Ye Z, Chai A, Jiang Y, Zou Y, Wu F, Li Z, Zhou L. Direct Oxidative Cyclization of 3-Arylpropionic Acids to 3,4-Dihydrocoumarins: Reinvestigation of the Reaction Mechanism. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5287-5297. [PMID: 38568740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Instigated by olfactory analysis of odorant molecules, the constitutions of 3,4-dihydrocoumarins prepared by PIFA-based oxidative cyclizations of 3-arylpropionic acids were revised by means of 2D NMR and X-ray analysis. Supported by computational analysis, the migratory mechanism of intermediate spirolactonic cations has been amended: 1,2-alkyl shifts instead of 1,2-carboxylic shifts were selectively obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Zeng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - An Chai
- Givaudan Fragrances (Shanghai) Ltd., Li Shi Zhen Road 298, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - You Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yue Zou
- Givaudan Fragrances (Shanghai) Ltd., Li Shi Zhen Road 298, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanhong Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Givaudan Fragrances (Shanghai) Ltd., Li Shi Zhen Road 298, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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4
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Agosto-Maldonado A, Guo J, Niu W. Engineering carboxylic acid reductases and unspecific peroxygenases for flavor and fragrance biosynthesis. J Biotechnol 2024; 385:1-12. [PMID: 38428504 PMCID: PMC11062483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Emerging consumer demand for safer, more sustainable flavors and fragrances has created new challenges for the industry. Enzymatic syntheses represent a promising green production route, but the broad application requires engineering advancements for expanded diversity, improved selectivity, and enhanced stability to be cost-competitive with current methods. This review discusses recent advances and future outlooks for enzyme engineering in this field. We focus on carboxylic acid reductases (CARs) and unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) that enable selective productions of complex flavor and fragrance molecules. Both enzyme types consist of natural variants with attractive characteristics for biocatalytic applications. Applying protein engineering methods, including rational design and directed evolution in concert with computational modeling, present excellent examples for property improvements to unleash the full potential of enzymes in the biosynthesis of value-added chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiantao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States; The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States; The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States.
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5
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Macchione M, Yoshizaki K, Frias DP, Maier K, Smelan J, Prado CM, Mauad T. Fragrances as a trigger of immune responses in different environments. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 96:105769. [PMID: 38142785 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Fragrances can cause allergic skin reactions, expressed as allergic contact dermatitis and reactions in the respiratory tract that range from acute temporary upper airway irritation to obstructive lung disease. These adverse health effects may result from the stimulation of a specific (adaptive) immune response. Th1 cells, which essentially produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), play a key role in allergic contact dermatitis and also on allergic sensitization to common allergens (e.g., nickel and fragrance). It has been shown that fragrance allergy leads to Th2/Th22 production of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, controlling the development of IgE and mediating hypersensitivity reactions in the lung, such as asthma. Cytokines released during immune response modulate the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYPs) proteins, which can result in alterations of the pharmacological effects of substances in inflammatory diseases. The mechanisms linking environment and immunity are still not completely understood but it is known that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a sensor with conserved ligand-activated transcription factor, highly expressed in cells that controls complex transcriptional programs which are ligand and cell type specific, with CYPs as targeted genes. This review focuses on these important aspects of immune responses of the skin and respiratory tract cells, describing some in vitro models applied to evaluate the mechanisms involved in fragrance-induced allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Macchione
- Laboratory of Experimental Environmental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo University Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - K Yoshizaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Environmental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo University Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - D P Frias
- Laboratory of Experimental Environmental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo University Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Maier
- Laboratory of Experimental Environmental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo University Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Smelan
- Laboratory of Experimental Environmental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo University Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C M Prado
- Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - T Mauad
- Laboratory of Experimental Environmental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo University Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Cao Q, Diefenbach M, Maguire C, Krewald V, Muldoon MJ, Hintermair U. Water co-catalysis in aerobic olefin epoxidation mediated by ruthenium oxo complexes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3104-3115. [PMID: 38425537 PMCID: PMC10901482 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05516g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the development of a versatile Ru-porphyrin catalyst system which performs the aerobic epoxidation of aromatic and aliphatic (internal) alkenes under mild conditions, with product yields of up to 95% and turnover numbers (TON) up to 300. Water is shown to play a crucial role in the reaction, significantly increasing catalyst efficiency and substrate scope. Detailed mechanistic investigations employing both computational studies and a range of experimental techniques revealed that water activates the RuVI di-oxo complex for alkene epoxidation via hydrogen bonding, stabilises the RuIV mono-oxo intermediate, and is involved in the regeneration of the RuVI di-oxo complex leading to oxygen atom exchange. Distinct kinetics are obtained in the presence of water, and side reactions involved in catalyst deactivation have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast Northern Ireland UK
- Dynamic Reaction Monitoring Facility, Institute for Sustainability, University of Bath UK
| | - Martin Diefenbach
- Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt Germany
| | - Calum Maguire
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast Northern Ireland UK
| | - Vera Krewald
- Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt Germany
| | - Mark J Muldoon
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast Northern Ireland UK
| | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Dynamic Reaction Monitoring Facility, Institute for Sustainability, University of Bath UK
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7
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Michailidou F. The Scent of Change: Sustainable Fragrances Through Industrial Biotechnology. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300309. [PMID: 37668275 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Current environmental and safety considerations urge innovation to address the need for sustainable high-value chemicals that are embraced by consumers. This review discusses the concept of sustainable fragrances, as high-value, everyday and everywhere chemicals. Current and emerging technologies represent an opportunity to produce fragrances in an environmentally and socially responsible way. Biotechnology, including fermentation, biocatalysis, and genetic engineering, has the potential to reduce the environmental footprint of fragrance production while maintaining quality and consistency. Computational and in silico methods, including machine learning (ML), are also likely to augment the capabilities of sustainable fragrance production. Continued innovation and collaboration will be crucial to the future of sustainable fragrances, with a focus on developing novel sustainable ingredients, as well as ethical sourcing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freideriki Michailidou
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Fukutani Y, Abe M, Saito H, Eguchi R, Tazawa T, de March CA, Yohda M, Matsunami H. Antagonistic interactions between odorants alter human odor perception. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2235-2245.e4. [PMID: 37220745 PMCID: PMC10394640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory system uses hundreds of odorant receptors (ORs), the largest group of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, to detect a vast array of odorants. Each OR is activated by specific odorous ligands, and like other GPCRs, antagonism can block activation of ORs. Recent studies suggest that odorant antagonisms in mixtures influence olfactory neuron activities, but it is unclear how this affects perception of odor mixtures. In this study, we identified a set of human ORs activated by methanethiol and hydrogen sulfide, two potent volatile sulfur malodors, through large-scale heterologous expression. Screening odorants that block OR activation in heterologous cells identified a set of antagonists, including β-ionone. Sensory evaluation in humans revealed that β-ionone reduced the odor intensity and unpleasantness of methanethiol. Additionally, suppression was not observed when methanethiol and β-ionone were introduced simultaneously to different nostrils. Our study supports the hypothesis that odor sensation is altered through antagonistic interactions at the OR level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Fukutani
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Masashi Abe
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Haruka Saito
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ryo Eguchi
- Research Section, R & D Division, S.T. Corporation, Shinjuku, Tokyo 161-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tazawa
- Research Section, R & D Division, S.T. Corporation, Shinjuku, Tokyo 161-0033, Japan
| | - Claire A de March
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Institute of Chemistry of the Natural Substances, Université Paris Saclay, CNRS UPR2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Masafumi Yohda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Matsunami
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
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9
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Harvey FM, Heidecker AH, Merten C, Bach T. Diastereoselective, Lewis acid-mediated Diels-Alder reactions of allenoic acid derivatives and 1,3-cyclopentadienes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:4422-4428. [PMID: 37184215 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00598d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Allenes with different substituents at their terminal carbon atom display axial chirality and can be obtained in enantiopure form by a photochemical deracemization protocol. It has now been studied under which conditions allenoic acid derivatives undergo a Diels-Alder reaction with 1,3-cyclopentadienes and which products result. Cyclic derivatives (lactams, lactones) underwent an exo-selective reaction catalyzed by the Lewis acid Eu(fod)3, while acyclic derivatives yielded with high preference the endo-products (EtAlCl2 as the preferred Lewis acid). The exocyclic double bond forms with exquisite diastereoselectivity and the chirality transfer is close to perfect. The method was applied to the synthesis of the sesquiterpenes β-santalol (1) and 10(E)-β-santalic acid (13).
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya M Harvey
- Technische Universität München, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
| | - Alexandra H Heidecker
- Technische Universität München, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
| | - Christian Merten
- Organische Chemie II, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Technische Universität München, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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10
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Cenciarelli F, Falini G, Giuri D, Tomasini C. Controlled Lactonization of o-Coumaric Esters Mediated by Supramolecular Gels. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040350. [PMID: 37102962 PMCID: PMC10137337 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragrances are volatile organic compounds widely used in our daily life. Unfortunately, the high volatility required to reach human receptors reduces their persistency in the air. To contrast this effect, several strategies may be used. Among them, we present here the combination of two techniques: the microencapsulation in supramolecular gels and the use of profragrances. We report a study on the controlled lactonization of four esters derived from o-coumaric acid. The ester lactonization spontaneously occurs after exposure to solar light, releasing coumarin and the corresponding alcohol. To determine the rate of fragrance release, we compared the reaction in solution and in a supramolecular gel and we demonstrated that the lactonization reaction always occurs slower in the gel. We also studied the more suitable gel for this aim, by comparing the properties of two supramolecular gels obtained with the gelator Boc-L-DOPA(Bn)2-OH in a 1:1 ethanol/water mixture in different gelator concentration (0.2% and 1% w/v). The gel prepared with 1% w/v gelator concentration is stronger and less transparent than the other and was used for the profragrances encapsulation. In any case, we obtained a significative reduction of lactonization reaction in gel, compared with the same reaction in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabia Cenciarelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo Ciamician, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo Ciamician, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Demetra Giuri
- Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo Ciamician, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Tomasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo Ciamician, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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11
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Do Synthetic Fragrances in Personal Care and Household Products Impact Indoor Air Quality and Pose Health Risks? J Xenobiot 2023; 13:121-131. [PMID: 36976159 PMCID: PMC10051690 DOI: 10.3390/jox13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragrance compounds (synthetic fragrances or natural essential oils) comprise formulations of specific combinations of individual materials or mixtures. Natural or synthetic scents are core constituents of personal care and household products (PCHPs) that impart attractiveness to the olfactory perception and disguise the unpleasant odor of the formula components of PCHPs. Fragrance chemicals have beneficial properties that allow their use in aromatherapy. However, because fragrances and formula constituents of PCHPs are volatile organic compounds (VOCs), vulnerable populations are exposed daily to variable indoor concentrations of these chemicals. Fragrance molecules may trigger various acute and chronic pathological conditions because of repetitive human exposure to indoor environments at home and workplaces. The negative impact of fragrance chemicals on human health includes cutaneous, respiratory, and systemic effects (e.g., headaches, asthma attacks, breathing difficulties, cardiovascular and neurological problems) and distress in workplaces. Pathologies related to synthetic perfumes are associated with allergic reactions (e.g., cutaneous and pulmonary hypersensitivity) and potentially with the perturbation of the endocrine-immune-neural axis. The present review aims to critically call attention to odorant VOCs, particularly synthetic fragrances and associated formula components of PCHPs, potentially impacting indoor air quality and negatively affecting human health.
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12
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An odorant receptor that senses four classes of musk compounds. Curr Biol 2022; 32:5172-5179.e5. [PMID: 36370695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Musk was originally identified in male musk deer and other mammals to mark territories and attract females. In humans, musk compounds are widely used in perfumes and consumer products for their superior perceptual odor quality.1,2,3,4,5 Strikingly diverse natural and synthetic chemicals have exhibited a similar "musky" odor, which has resulted in diverse models of musk odor perception and raises questions regarding the simplistic associations between chemical features and odor quality. Scientists' lack of understanding of this principle has hampered the design of a novel musk compound. Here, we functionally identified the odorant receptor, OR5A2, as a receptor for the musky odor of diverse musk compounds. First, we discovered that engineered OR5A2 with enhanced expression in heterologous cells is sensitive to and selective of musk compounds in all four structural classes. Second, the clarified functional variation of OR5A2 accounts for the reported association between genetic variation and perception in a musk compound. Finally, the revealed ligand selectivity of OR5A2 provides insight into developing a trained model to use machine learning-based virtual screening on candidates for a new musk compound. We propose that OR5A2 contributes to the long-sought gateway of sensing musk compounds and generating their unique odor quality.
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13
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High-yielding preparation of fragrance Clarycet via two-step synthesis. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Martinaux P, Laher R, Marin C, Michelet V. Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Rearrangement and Cycloisomerization Reactions Toward Hedonic Materials. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Martinaux
- Université Côte d'Azur Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272 CNRS Parc Valrose, Faculté des Sciences 06100 Nice France
| | - Romain Laher
- Université Côte d'Azur Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272 CNRS Parc Valrose, Faculté des Sciences 06100 Nice France
| | | | - Véronique Michelet
- Université Côte d'Azur Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272 CNRS Parc Valrose, Faculté des Sciences 06100 Nice France
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15
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Georgiev T, Armanino N. Biomimetic Synthesis of Nor‐Cedrene and Nor‐Isozizaene Sesquiterpenoids and Exploration of Their Olfactive Properties. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201037. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tony Georgiev
- Philochem AG Libernstrasse 3 8112 Otelfingen Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Armanino
- Fragrance Discovery Research Givaudan Suisse SA Kemptpark 50 8310 Kemptthal Switzerland
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16
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Heterogeneous hydroformylation of alkenes by Rh-based catalysts. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Kleoff M, Kiler P, Heretsch P. Synthesis of odorants in flow and their applications in perfumery. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:754-768. [PMID: 35859624 PMCID: PMC9263551 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous flow technology is a key technology for sustainable manufacturing with numerous applications for the synthesis of fine chemicals. In recent years, the preparation of odorants utilizing the advantages of flow reactors received growing attention. In this review, we give an overview of selected methods for the synthesis of odorants in flow, including heterogeneously catalyzed reactions, gas reactions, and photochemical C–H functionalization processes. After a brief introduction on types of odorants, the presented odorant syntheses are ordered according to the main odor families “fruity”, “green”, “marine”, “floral”, “spicy”, “woody”, “ambery”, and “musky” and their use and importance for perfumery is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Kleoff
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr. 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Kiler
- PK Perfumes, Menifee, California, United States of America
| | - Philipp Heretsch
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Organische Chemie, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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18
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Saudan CM, Berrocosa A, Quintaine J, Spoehrle S, Maggi L, Mosimann H, Saudan L. Highly Selective Rhodium Catalyzed 1,4‐Hydrogenation of Conjugated Dienals. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lionel Saudan
- FIRMENICH Research & Development 7 rue de la Bergère 1242 Satigny SWITZERLAND
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19
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Almeida LD, Delolo FG, Costa AP, Gusevskaya EV, Robles-Azocar PA. Catalytic aerobic epoxidation of bio-renewable alkenes using organic carbonates as green solvents. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Lin Z, Huang B, Ouyang L, Zheng L. Synthesis of Cyclic Fragrances via Transformations of Alkenes, Alkynes and Enynes: Strategies and Recent Progress. Molecules 2022; 27:3576. [PMID: 35684511 PMCID: PMC9182196 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing demand for customized commodities and the greater insight and understanding of olfaction, the synthesis of fragrances with diverse structures and odor characters has become a core task. Recent progress in organic synthesis and catalysis enables the rapid construction of carbocycles and heterocycles from readily available unsaturated molecular building blocks, with increased selectivity, atom economy, sustainability and product diversity. In this review, synthetic methods for creating cyclic fragrances, including both natural and synthetic ones, will be discussed, with a focus on the key transformations of alkenes, alkynes, dienes and enynes. Several strategies will be discussed, including cycloaddition, catalytic cyclization, ring-closing metathesis, intramolecular addition, and rearrangement reactions. Representative examples and the featured olfactory investigations will be highlighted, along with some perspectives on future developments in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liyao Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.L.); (B.H.); (L.O.)
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21
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Ortiz E, Chang YH, Shezaf JZ, Shen W, Krische MJ. Stereo- and Site-Selective Conversion of Primary Alcohols to Allylic Alcohols via Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydrogen Auto-Transfer Mediated by 2-Butyne. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8861-8869. [PMID: 35503919 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective ruthenium-catalyzed carbonyl vinylations via hydrogen autotransfer are described. Using a ruthenium-JOSIPHOS catalyst, primary alcohols 2a-2m and 2-butyne 1a are converted to chiral allylic alcohols 3a-3m with excellent levels of absolute stereocontrol. Notably, 1°,2°-1,3-diols participate in site-selective C-C coupling, enabling asymmetric carbonyl vinylation beyond premetalated reagents, exogenous reductants, or hydroxyl protecting groups. Using 2-propanol as a reductant, aldehydes dehydro-2a, 2l participate in highly enantioselective 2-butyne-mediated vinylation under otherwise identical reaction conditions. Regio-, stereo-, and site-selective vinylations mediated by 2-pentyne 1b to form adducts 3n, 3o, and epi-3o also are described. The tiglyl alcohol motif obtained upon butyne-mediated vinylation, which is itself found in diverse secondary metabolites, may be converted to commonly encountered polyketide stereodiads, -triads, and -tetrads, as demonstrated by the formation of adducts 4a-4d. The collective mechanistic studies, including deuterium labeling experiments, corroborate a catalytic cycle involving alcohol dehydrogenation to form a transient aldehyde and a ruthenium hydride, which engages in alkyne hydrometalation to form a nucleophilic vinylruthenium species that enacts carbonyl addition. A stereochemical model for carbonyl addition invoking formyl CH···I[Ru] and CH···O≡C[Ru] hydrogen bonds is proposed based on prior calculations and crystallographic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliezer Ortiz
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yu-Hsiang Chang
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jonathan Z Shezaf
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Weijia Shen
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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22
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Trachsel A, Paret N, Berthier D, Herrmann A. Light‐Induced Fragrance Release from 2‐Oxoacetates: Impact of Compound Mixtures on the Efficiency of the Norrish Type II Photoreaction in Solution and in Encapsulation Systems. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Trachsel
- Firmenich SA Division Recherche & Développement SWITZERLAND
| | - Nicolas Paret
- Firmenich SA Division Recherche & Développement SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Andreas Herrmann
- Firmenich SA Division Recherche et Développement Rue de la Bergère 7 1242 Satigny SWITZERLAND
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23
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Examination of VOC Concentration of Aroma Essential Oils and Their Major VOCs Diffused in Room Air. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052904. [PMID: 35270596 PMCID: PMC8910502 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed temporal variation of the composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at different diffusion time of gaseous phase of aroma compounds of four essential oils, lavender, tea tree, eucalyptus, and melissa. GC/MS methodology with the trace gas sampling by a thermal desorption tube is used to quantitatively determine the concentration of the corresponding 14 kinds of major and original VOCs in four essential oils. This study revealed for the first time that the concentration level of gaseous phase composition is varied, with a diffusion time from that of the liquid phase at equilibrium with it and the VOCs in the essential oils are classified into two groups, depending on whether their concentration with the time. It is verified that the total concentration of VOCs of these essential oils in the room air diffused by the ultrasonic diffuser is as low as 0.6 ppb and decreased soon below 0.1 ppb.
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24
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Reisenbauer JC, Bhawal BN, Jelmini N, Morandi B. Development of an Operationally Simple, Scalable, and HCN-Free Transfer Hydrocyanation Protocol Using an Air-Stable Nickel Precatalyst. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin N. Bhawal
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Jelmini
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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25
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Dupeux T, Gaudin T, Marteau‐Roussy C, Aubry J, Nardello‐Rataj V. COSMO‐RS as an effective tool for predicting the physicochemical properties of fragrance raw materials. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Dupeux
- Univ. LilleCNRSCentrale LilleUniv. ArtoisUMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide Lille France
- International Flavors & Fragrances (Fragrance Beauty Care) Neuilly‐sur‐Seine France
| | - Théophile Gaudin
- Univ. LilleCNRSCentrale LilleUniv. ArtoisUMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide Lille France
| | | | - Jean‐Marie Aubry
- Univ. LilleCNRSCentrale LilleUniv. ArtoisUMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide Lille France
| | - Véronique Nardello‐Rataj
- Univ. LilleCNRSCentrale LilleUniv. ArtoisUMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide Lille France
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26
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Eichenberger M, Hüppi S, Patsch D, Aeberli N, Berweger R, Dossenbach S, Eichhorn E, Flachsmann F, Hortencio L, Voirol F, Vollenweider S, Bornscheuer UT, Buller R. Asymmetric Cation-Olefin Monocyclization by Engineered Squalene-Hopene Cyclases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26080-26086. [PMID: 34346556 PMCID: PMC9290348 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Squalene-hopene cyclases (SHCs) have great potential for the industrial synthesis of enantiopure cyclic terpenoids. A limitation of SHC catalysis has been the enzymes' strict (S)-enantioselectivity at the stereocenter formed after the first cyclization step. To gain enantio-complementary access to valuable monocyclic terpenoids, an SHC-wild-type library including 18 novel homologs was set up. A previously not described SHC (AciSHC) was found to synthesize small amounts of monocyclic (R)-γ-dihydroionone from (E/Z)-geranylacetone. Using enzyme and process optimization, the conversion to the desired product was increased to 79 %. Notably, analyzed AciSHC variants could finely differentiate between the geometric geranylacetone isomers: While the (Z)-isomer yielded the desired monocyclic (R)-γ-dihydroionone (>99 % ee), the (E)-isomer was converted to the (S,S)-bicyclic ether (>95 % ee). Applying the knowledge gained from the observed stereodivergent and enantioselective transformations to an additional SHC-substrate pair, access to the complementary (S)-γ-dihydroionone (>99.9 % ee) could be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eichenberger
- Zurich University of Applied SciencesLife Sciences and Facility ManagementEinsiedlerstrasse 318820WädenswilSwitzerland
| | - Sean Hüppi
- Zurich University of Applied SciencesLife Sciences and Facility ManagementEinsiedlerstrasse 318820WädenswilSwitzerland
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - David Patsch
- Zurich University of Applied SciencesLife Sciences and Facility ManagementEinsiedlerstrasse 318820WädenswilSwitzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald UniversityFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Natalie Aeberli
- Fragrances S&TIngredients ResearchGivaudan Schweiz AGKemptpark 508310KemptthalSwitzerland
| | - Raphael Berweger
- Fragrances S&TIngredients ResearchGivaudan Schweiz AGKemptpark 508310KemptthalSwitzerland
| | - Sandro Dossenbach
- Fragrances S&TIngredients ResearchGivaudan Schweiz AGKemptpark 508310KemptthalSwitzerland
| | - Eric Eichhorn
- Fragrances S&TIngredients ResearchGivaudan Schweiz AGKemptpark 508310KemptthalSwitzerland
| | - Felix Flachsmann
- Fragrances S&TIngredients ResearchGivaudan Schweiz AGKemptpark 508310KemptthalSwitzerland
| | - Lucas Hortencio
- Fragrances S&TIngredients ResearchGivaudan Schweiz AGKemptpark 508310KemptthalSwitzerland
| | - Francis Voirol
- Fragrances S&TIngredients ResearchGivaudan Schweiz AGKemptpark 508310KemptthalSwitzerland
| | - Sabine Vollenweider
- Science & TechnologyGivaudan International SAKemptpark 508310KemptthalSwitzerland
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald UniversityFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Rebecca Buller
- Zurich University of Applied SciencesLife Sciences and Facility ManagementEinsiedlerstrasse 318820WädenswilSwitzerland
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27
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Eichenberger M, Hüppi S, Patsch D, Aeberli N, Berweger R, Dossenbach S, Eichhorn E, Flachsmann F, Hortencio L, Voirol F, Vollenweider S, Bornscheuer UT, Buller R. Asymmetric Cation‐Olefin Monocyclization by Engineered Squalene–Hopene Cyclases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eichenberger
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences Life Sciences and Facility Management Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - Sean Hüppi
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences Life Sciences and Facility Management Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - David Patsch
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences Life Sciences and Facility Management Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Greifswald University Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Natalie Aeberli
- Fragrances S&T Ingredients Research Givaudan Schweiz AG Kemptpark 50 8310 Kemptthal Switzerland
| | - Raphael Berweger
- Fragrances S&T Ingredients Research Givaudan Schweiz AG Kemptpark 50 8310 Kemptthal Switzerland
| | - Sandro Dossenbach
- Fragrances S&T Ingredients Research Givaudan Schweiz AG Kemptpark 50 8310 Kemptthal Switzerland
| | - Eric Eichhorn
- Fragrances S&T Ingredients Research Givaudan Schweiz AG Kemptpark 50 8310 Kemptthal Switzerland
| | - Felix Flachsmann
- Fragrances S&T Ingredients Research Givaudan Schweiz AG Kemptpark 50 8310 Kemptthal Switzerland
| | - Lucas Hortencio
- Fragrances S&T Ingredients Research Givaudan Schweiz AG Kemptpark 50 8310 Kemptthal Switzerland
| | - Francis Voirol
- Fragrances S&T Ingredients Research Givaudan Schweiz AG Kemptpark 50 8310 Kemptthal Switzerland
| | - Sabine Vollenweider
- Science & Technology Givaudan International SA Kemptpark 50 8310 Kemptthal Switzerland
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Greifswald University Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Rebecca Buller
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences Life Sciences and Facility Management Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
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Abstract
The fragrance field of perfumes has attracted considerable scientific, industrial, cultural, and civilizational interest. The marine odor is characterized by the specific smell of sea breeze, seashore, algae, and oyster, among others. Marine odor is a more recent fragrance and is considered as one of the green and modern fragrances. The smells reproducing the marine environment are described due to their content of Calone 1951 (7-methyl-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-3(4H)-one), which is a synthetic compound. In addition to the synthetic group of benzodioxepanes, such as Calone 51 and its derivatives, three other groups of chemical compounds seem to represent the marine smell. The first group includes the polyunsaturated cyclic ((+)-Dictyopterene A) and acyclic (giffordene) hydrocarbons, acting as pheromones. The second group corresponds to polyunsaturated aldehydes, such as the (Z,Z)-3,6-nonadienal, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, which are most likely derived from the degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The third group is represented by small molecules such as sulfur compounds and halogenated phenols which are regarded as the main flavor compounds of many types of seafood. This review exposes, most notably, the knowledge state on the occurrence of marine ingredients in fragrance. We also provide a detailed discussion on several aspects of essential oils, which are the most natural ingredients from various marine sources used in fragrance and cosmetics, including synthetic and natural marine ingredients.
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29
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Sombret J, Quintaine J, Biremond T, Barnes Q, Saint‐Laumer J, Saudan L. High
trans
‐2‐Decalones by Photoredox Catalyzed β‐Isomerization. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Sombret
- Synthesis & Process Engineering Research & Dev. Firmenich SA 7 rue de la Bergère CH-1242 Satigny, Geneva Switzerland
| | - Julie Quintaine
- Synthesis & Process Engineering Research & Dev. Firmenich SA 7 rue de la Bergère CH-1242 Satigny, Geneva Switzerland
| | - Tony Biremond
- Synthesis & Process Engineering Research & Dev. Firmenich SA 7 rue de la Bergère CH-1242 Satigny, Geneva Switzerland
| | - Quentin Barnes
- Synthesis & Process Engineering Research & Dev. Firmenich SA 7 rue de la Bergère CH-1242 Satigny, Geneva Switzerland
| | - Jean‐Yves Saint‐Laumer
- Synthesis & Process Engineering Research & Dev. Firmenich SA 7 rue de la Bergère CH-1242 Satigny, Geneva Switzerland
| | - Lionel Saudan
- Synthesis & Process Engineering Research & Dev. Firmenich SA 7 rue de la Bergère CH-1242 Satigny, Geneva Switzerland
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30
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Bättig S, Egger T, Gey O, Bochet CG, Flachsmann F. Cassis and Green Tea: Spontaneous Release of Natural Aroma Compounds from β‐Alkylthioalkanones. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bättig
- Givaudan Schweiz AG Fragrances S&T Ingredients Research Kemptpark 50 CH-8310 Kemptthal Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Timothy Egger
- Givaudan Schweiz AG Fragrances S&T Ingredients Research Kemptpark 50 CH-8310 Kemptthal Switzerland
| | - Olga Gey
- Givaudan Schweiz AG Fragrances S&T Ingredients Research Kemptpark 50 CH-8310 Kemptthal Switzerland
| | - Christian G. Bochet
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Felix Flachsmann
- Givaudan Schweiz AG Fragrances S&T Ingredients Research Kemptpark 50 CH-8310 Kemptthal Switzerland
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31
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Martin T, Galeotti M, Salamone M, Liu F, Yu Y, Duan M, Houk KN, Bietti M. Deciphering Reactivity and Selectivity Patterns in Aliphatic C-H Bond Oxygenation of Cyclopentane and Cyclohexane Derivatives. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9925-9937. [PMID: 34115516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A kinetic, product, and computational study on the reactions of the cumyloxyl radical with monosubstituted cyclopentanes and cyclohexanes has been carried out. HAT rates, site-selectivities for C-H bond oxidation, and DFT computations provide quantitative information and theoretical models to explain the observed patterns. Cyclopentanes functionalize predominantly at C-1, and tertiary C-H bond activation barriers decrease on going from methyl- and tert-butylcyclopentane to phenylcyclopentane, in line with the computed C-H BDEs. With cyclohexanes, the relative importance of HAT from C-1 decreases on going from methyl- and phenylcyclohexane to ethyl-, isopropyl-, and tert-butylcyclohexane. Deactivation is also observed at C-2 with site-selectivity that progressively shifts to C-3 and C-4 with increasing substituent steric bulk. The site-selectivities observed in the corresponding oxidations promoted by ethyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane support this mechanistic picture. Comparison of these results with those obtained previously for C-H bond azidation and functionalizations promoted by the PINO radical of phenyl and tert-butylcyclohexane, together with new calculations, provides a mechanistic framework for understanding C-H bond functionalization of cycloalkanes. The nature of the HAT reagent, C-H bond strengths, and torsional effects are important determinants of site-selectivity, with the latter effects that play a major role in the reactions of oxygen-centered HAT reagents with monosubstituted cyclohexanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teo Martin
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Galeotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Fengjiao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yanmin Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Meng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
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32
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Tchakalova V, Lutz E, Lamboley S, Moulin E, Benczédi D, Giuseppone N, Herrmann A. Design of Stimuli-Responsive Dynamic Covalent Delivery Systems for Volatile Compounds (Part 2): Fragrance-Releasing Cleavable Surfactants in Functional Perfumery Applications. Chemistry 2021; 27:13468-13476. [PMID: 34270131 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic imines prepared by condensation of a hydrophobic fragrance aldehyde with a hydrophilic amine derived from a poly(propylene oxide) and poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer were investigated as cleavable surfactant profragrances in applications of functional perfumery. In water, the cleavable surfactants assemble into micelles that allow solubilization of perfume molecules that are not covalently attached to the surfactant. Dynamic headspace analysis on a glass surface showed that solubilized perfume molecules evaporated in a similar manner in the presence of the cleavable surfactant as compared with a non-cleavable reference surfactant. Under application conditions, the cleavable surfactant imine hydrolysed to release the covalently linked fragrance aldehyde. The profragrances were stable during storage in aqueous media, and upon dilution showed a blooming effect for the hydrolytical fragrance release and a more balanced performance of a solubilized perfume by retaining the more volatile fragrances and boosting the evaporation of the less volatile fragrances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Tchakalova
- Firmenich SA, Corporate R&D Division, Rue de la Bergère 7, 1242, Satigny, Switzerland
| | - Eric Lutz
- SAMS research group Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Serge Lamboley
- Firmenich SA, Corporate R&D Division, Rue de la Bergère 7, 1242, Satigny, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Moulin
- SAMS research group Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Daniel Benczédi
- Firmenich SA, Corporate R&D Division, Rue de la Bergère 7, 1242, Satigny, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS research group Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Firmenich SA, Corporate R&D Division, Rue de la Bergère 7, 1242, Satigny, Switzerland
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Lenormand A, Reyes Méndez L, Coulomb J. Relay-Heck Cross-Coupling Between Alkenyl Halides and Unsaturated Alcohols in the Synthesis of Open-Chain Analogues of Musk Odorant Vulcanolide. Chemistry 2021; 27:9276-9280. [PMID: 33882173 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Unactivated alkenyl iodides and bromides underwent an unprecedented palladium-catalyzed relay-Heck cross-coupling with a whole range of alkenols of different chain lengths linking the alkene and the alcohol, affording unsaturated aldehydes and ketones in moderate to good yields. In contrast, alkenyl triflates were not suitable partners for this reaction. This method allowed the preparation of open-chain analogues of the musk odorant Vulcanolide, several of which retained key olfactory properties of the parent molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lenormand
- Firmenich SA, Corporate R&D Division, Rue de la Bergère 7, 1242, Satigny, Switzerland
| | - Lucía Reyes Méndez
- Firmenich SA, Corporate R&D Division, Rue de la Bergère 7, 1242, Satigny, Switzerland
| | - Julien Coulomb
- Firmenich SA, Corporate R&D Division, Rue de la Bergère 7, 1242, Satigny, Switzerland
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Mousavi H. A comprehensive survey upon diverse and prolific applications of chitosan-based catalytic systems in one-pot multi-component synthesis of heterocyclic rings. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:1003-1166. [PMID: 34174311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are among the most prestigious and valuable chemical molecules with diverse and magnificent applications in various sciences. Due to the remarkable and numerous properties of the heterocyclic frameworks, the development of efficient and convenient synthetic methods for the preparation of such outstanding compounds is of great importance. Undoubtedly, catalysis has a conspicuous role in modern chemical synthesis and green chemistry. Therefore, when designing a chemical reaction, choosing and or preparing powerful and environmentally benign simple catalysts or complicated catalytic systems for an acceleration of the chemical reaction is a pivotal part of work for synthetic chemists. Chitosan, as a biocompatible and biodegradable pseudo-natural polysaccharide is one of the excellent choices for the preparation of suitable catalytic systems due to its unique properties. In this review paper, every effort has been made to cover all research articles in the field of one-pot synthesis of heterocyclic frameworks in the presence of chitosan-based catalytic systems, which were published roughly by the first quarter of 2020. It is hoped that this review paper can be a little help to synthetic scientists, methodologists, and catalyst designers, both on the laboratory and industrial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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35
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Smell compounds classification using UMAP to increase knowledge of odors and molecular structures linkages. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252486. [PMID: 34048487 PMCID: PMC8162648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to highlight the relationships between the structure of smell compounds and their odors. For this purpose, heterogeneous data sources were screened, and 6038 odorant compounds and their known associated odors (162 odor notes) were compiled, each individual molecule being represented with a set of 1024 structural fingerprint. Several dimensional reduction techniques (PCA, MDS, t-SNE and UMAP) with two clustering methods (k-means and agglomerative hierarchical clustering AHC) were assessed based on the calculated fingerprints. The combination of UMAP with k-means and AHC methods allowed to obtain a good representativeness of odors by clusters, as well as the best visualization of the proximity of odorants on the basis of their molecular structures. The presence or absence of molecular substructures has been calculated on odorant in order to link chemical groups to odors. The results of this analysis bring out some associations for both the odor notes and the chemical structures of the molecules such as "woody" and "spicy" notes with allylic and bicyclic structures, "balsamic" notes with unsaturated rings, both "sulfurous" and "citrus" with aldehydes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines and sulfur compounds, and "oily", "fatty" and "fruity" characterized by esters and with long carbon chains. Overall, the use of UMAP associated to clustering is a promising method to suggest hypotheses on the odorant structure-odor relationships.
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Ouyang J, Bae H, Jordi S, Dao QM, Dossenbach S, Dehn S, Lingnau JB, Kanta De C, Kraft P, List B. Das riechende Prinzip des Vetiveröls, aufgeklärt durch chemische Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ouyang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Hanyong Bae
- Department of Chemistry Sungkyunkwan University 2066, Seobu-ro Jangan-gu Suwon 16419 Republik Korea
| | - Samuel Jordi
- Givaudan Schweiz AG Fragrances S&T, Riechstoff-Forschung Kemptpark 50 8310 Kemptthal Schweiz
| | - Quang Minh Dao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Sandro Dossenbach
- Givaudan Schweiz AG Fragrances S&T, Riechstoff-Forschung Kemptpark 50 8310 Kemptthal Schweiz
| | - Stefanie Dehn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Julia B. Lingnau
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Chandra Kanta De
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Philip Kraft
- Givaudan Schweiz AG Fragrances S&T, Riechstoff-Forschung Kemptpark 50 8310 Kemptthal Schweiz
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
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Ouyang J, Bae H, Jordi S, Dao QM, Dossenbach S, Dehn S, Lingnau JB, Kanta De C, Kraft P, List B. The Smelling Principle of Vetiver Oil, Unveiled by Chemical Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5666-5672. [PMID: 33315304 PMCID: PMC7986879 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vetiver oil, produced on a multiton‐scale from the roots of vetiver grass, is one of the finest and most popular perfumery materials, appearing in over a third of all fragrances. It is a complex mixture of hundreds of molecules and the specific odorant, responsible for its characteristic suave and sweet transparent, woody‐ambery smell, has remained a mystery until today. Herein, we prove by an eleven‐step chemical synthesis, employing a novel asymmetric organocatalytic Mukaiyama–Michael addition, that (+)‐2‐epi‐ziza‐6(13)en‐3‐one is the active smelling principle of vetiver oil. Its olfactory evaluation reveals a remarkable odor threshold of 29 picograms per liter air, responsible for the special sensuous aura it lends to perfumes and the quasi‐pheromone‐like effect it has on perfumers and consumers alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ouyang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Hanyong Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Samuel Jordi
- Givaudan Schweiz AG, Fragrances S&T, Ingredients Research, Kemptpark 50, 8310, Kemptthal, Switzerland
| | - Quang Minh Dao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Sandro Dossenbach
- Givaudan Schweiz AG, Fragrances S&T, Ingredients Research, Kemptpark 50, 8310, Kemptthal, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Dehn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Julia B Lingnau
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Chandra Kanta De
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Philip Kraft
- Givaudan Schweiz AG, Fragrances S&T, Ingredients Research, Kemptpark 50, 8310, Kemptthal, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Kieslich D, Christoffers J. Formation of δ-Lactones by Cyanide Catalyzed Rearrangement of α-Hydroxy-β-oxoesters. Org Lett 2021; 23:953-957. [PMID: 33464092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
δ-Valerolactone derivatives are formed by cyanide-catalyzed ring-transformation of cyclic α-hydroxy-β-oxoesters. This unprecedented reaction defines a new synthetic methodology, and the products are obtained in up to quantitative yields. Several alkyl substitutions as well as different ester residues are tolerated. Furthermore, benzo- and heteroarene-annulated starting materials are converted without problems. As an additional benefit, the starting materials are straightforwardly accessed by cerium-catalyzed aerobic α-hydroxylation of readily available β-oxoesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kieslich
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jens Christoffers
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
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Stefanow V, Grandane A, Eh M, Panten J, Spannenberg A, Werner T. Stereoselective Synthesis of a cis-Cedrane-8,9-diol as a Key Intermediate for an Amber Odorant. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Stefanow
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Aiga Grandane
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Marcus Eh
- Symrise AG, Mühlenfeldstraße 1, 37603 Holzminden, Germany
| | | | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Werner
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Salthammer T, Monegel F, Schulz N, Uhde E, Grimme S, Seibert J, Hohm U, Palm W. Sensory Perception of Non-Deuterated and Deuterated Organic Compounds. Chemistry 2021; 27:1046-1056. [PMID: 33058253 PMCID: PMC7839723 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The chemical background of olfactory perception has been subject of intensive research, but no available model can fully explain the sense of smell. There are also inconsistent results on the role of the isotopology of molecules. In experiments with human subjects it was found that the isotope effect is weak with acetone and D6 -acetone. In contrast, clear differences were observed in the perception of octanoic acid and D15 -octanoic acid. Furthermore, a trained sniffer dog was initially able to distinguish between these isotopologues of octanoic acid. In chromatographic measurements, the respective deuterated molecule showed weaker interaction with a non-polar liquid phase. Quantum chemical calculations give evidence that deuterated octanoic acid binds more strongly to a model receptor than non-deuterated. In contrast, the binding of the non-deuterated molecule is stronger with acetone. The isotope effect is calculated in the framework of statistical mechanics. It results from a complicated interplay between various thermostatistical contributions to the non-covalent free binding energies and it turns out to be very molecule-specific. The vibrational terms including non-classical zero-point energies play about the same role as rotational/translational contributions and are larger than bond length effects for the differential isotope perception of odor for which general rules cannot be derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunga Salthammer
- Department of Material Analysis and Indoor ChemistryFraunhofer WKI38108BraunschweigGermany
| | - Friederike Monegel
- Department of Material Analysis and Indoor ChemistryFraunhofer WKI38108BraunschweigGermany
| | - Nicole Schulz
- Department of Material Analysis and Indoor ChemistryFraunhofer WKI38108BraunschweigGermany
| | - Erik Uhde
- Department of Material Analysis and Indoor ChemistryFraunhofer WKI38108BraunschweigGermany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Bonn53115BonnGermany
| | - Jakob Seibert
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Bonn53115BonnGermany
| | - Uwe Hohm
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Braunschweig—Institute of Technology38106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Wolf‐Ulrich Palm
- Institute of Sustainable and Environmental ChemistryLeuphana University Lüneburg21335LüneburgGermany
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41
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Abstract
Biocatalysis has undergone a remarkable transition in the last two decades, from being considered a niche technology to playing a much more relevant role in organic synthesis today. Advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics, and the decreasing costs for gene synthesis and sequencing contribute to the growing success of engineered biocatalysts in industrial applications. However, the incorporation of biocatalytic process steps in new or established manufacturing routes is not always straightforward. To realize the full synthetic potential of biocatalysis for the sustainable manufacture of chemical building blocks, it is therefore important to regularly analyze the success factors and existing hurdles for the implementation of enzymes in large scale small molecule synthesis. Building on our previous analysis of biocatalysis in the Swiss manufacturing environment, we present a follow-up study on how the industrial biocatalysis situation in Switzerland has evolved in the last four years. Considering the current industrial landscape, we record recent advances in biocatalysis in Switzerland as well as give suggestions where enzymatic transformations may be valuably employed to address some of the societal challenges we face today, particularly in the context of the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
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42
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Charpentier J, Voirol F, Flachsmann F, Tanner S, Aeberli N, Brunner G, Goeke A. Synthesis of 1,4‐Cyclohexadiene Carboxylates through a Formal [2+4]‐Cycloaddition of Propiolates under Cobalt Catalysis. Helv Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Charpentier
- Givaudan Schweiz AG Fragrances S&T Ingredients Research Kemptpark 50 CH-8310 Kemptthal Switzerland
| | - Francis Voirol
- Givaudan Schweiz AG Fragrances S&T Ingredients Research Kemptpark 50 CH-8310 Kemptthal Switzerland
| | - Felix Flachsmann
- Givaudan Schweiz AG Fragrances S&T Ingredients Research Kemptpark 50 CH-8310 Kemptthal Switzerland
| | - Silvia Tanner
- Givaudan Schweiz AG Fragrances S&T Ingredients Research Kemptpark 50 CH-8310 Kemptthal Switzerland
| | - Natalie Aeberli
- Givaudan Schweiz AG Fragrances S&T Ingredients Research Kemptpark 50 CH-8310 Kemptthal Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Brunner
- Givaudan Schweiz AG Fragrances S&T Ingredients Research Kemptpark 50 CH-8310 Kemptthal Switzerland
| | - Andreas Goeke
- Givaudan Schweiz AG Fragrances S&T Ingredients Research Kemptpark 50 CH-8310 Kemptthal Switzerland
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43
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Styles MQ, Nesbitt EA, Hoffmann TD, Queen J, Ortenzi MV, Leak DJ. The heterologous production of terpenes by the thermophile Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius in a consolidated bioprocess using waste bread. Metab Eng 2020; 65:146-155. [PMID: 33189879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius is a genetically tractable thermophile that grows rapidly at elevated temperatures, with a doubling time at 65 °C comparable to the shortest doubling times of Escherichia coli. It is capable of using a wide variety of substrates, including carbohydrate oligomers, and has been developed for the industrial production of ethanol. In this study, P. thermoglucosidasius NCIMB11955 has been engineered to produce the sesquiterpene τ-muurolol by introduction of a heterologous mevalonate pathway constructed using genes from several thermophilic archaea together with a recently characterised thermostable τ-muurolol synthase. P. thermoglucosidasius naturally uses the methylerythritol phosphate pathway for production of the terpene precursor, isopentenyl pyrophosphate, while archaea use a version of the mevalonate pathway. By introducing the orthogonal archaeal pathway it was possible to increase the flux through to sesquiterpene biosynthesis. Construction of such a large metabolic pathway created problems with genetic vector introduction and stability, so recombinant plasmids were introduced by conjugation, and a thermostable serine integrase system was developed for integration of large pathways onto the chromosome. Finally, by making the heterologous pathway maltose-inducible we demonstrate that the new strain is capable of using waste bread directly as an autoinduction carbon source for the production of terpenes in a consolidated bioprocess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Q Styles
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Edward A Nesbitt
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Timothy D Hoffmann
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Junichi Queen
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Maria V Ortenzi
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - David J Leak
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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44
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Liu J, Zhou L, Zou Y, Wang Q, Goeke A. Oxovanadium-catalysed domino reactions of hydroxy enynes for the construction of Cashmeran-like odorants. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7832-7836. [PMID: 32996524 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01731k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An atom-economical oxovanadate-catalysed cycloisomerization of hydroxy enynes for the synthesis of bicyclo[4.3.0]non-1(9)-en-2-ones is disclosed, which can be rationalised through a cascade reaction of a dissociative Meyer-Schuster rearrangement to allenyl vanadates, followed by a thermal intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) reaction and hydrolytic regeneration of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
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