1
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Higashi T, Okamura H, Sato TK, Morinaga T, Satoh R, Suzuki Y. Influence of Initial Secondary Structure on Conformation and Mechanical Properties of Spider Silk Protein Gels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:6135-6143. [PMID: 39289793 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Recombinant spider silk protein (RSP) is a promising biomaterial for developing high-performance materials independent of fossil fuels. In this study, we investigated the influence of the initial secondary structure of RSPs on the properties of RSP-based hydrogels. By altering the initial structure of RSP to β-sheets (β-RSP), α-helices (α-RSP), and random coils (rc-RSP) through solvent treatment, we compared the structures and mechanical properties of the resulting gels. Solid-state NMR revealed a β-sheet-rich structure in all gels, with the α-RSP gel exhibiting significantly higher strength and Young's modulus compared to the rc-RSP gel. X-ray diffraction revealed that the α-RSP gel had a unique crystalline structure, distinguishing it from the β-RSP and rc-RSP gels. The different initial secondary structures possibly lead to variations in the crystalline and network structures of the molecular chains within the gels, explaining the superior mechanical properties observed in the α-RSP gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Higashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1, Bunkyo, Fukui-shi, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Hideyasu Okamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1, Bunkyo, Fukui-shi, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Takehiro K Sato
- Spiber Inc., 234-1 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Takashi Morinaga
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tsuruoka College, 104 Sawada, Inooka, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8511, Japan
| | - Ryo Satoh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tsuruoka College, 104 Sawada, Inooka, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8511, Japan
| | - Yu Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1, Bunkyo, Fukui-shi, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
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2
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Liu Z, Li H, Li J, Yu J, Liu K. Engineered protein elastomeric materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:11267-11274. [PMID: 39258457 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02905d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Natural evolution endows some insects and marine organisms with a special class of protein-based elastic tissues that possess energy feedback characteristics, providing them with the foundation for jumping and flying, and protecting them from the damage caused by movements or waves. However, the design and fabrication of such protein-based elastomeric materials that can function in human society through biomimetic strategies still remains challenging. Recombinant proteins designed by synthetic biology can mimic the advantageous structures in natural proteins and can be biosynthesized without the requirements for harsh conditions such as high temperatures and cytotoxic agents, which provides a great opportunity to prepare protein-based elastomeric materials. In this review, starting from the design of protein molecules, we highlight an overview of the synthesis of elastomeric materials based on recombinant resilin, recombinant elastin-like proteins and other recombinant folded proteins, etc., and then demonstrate their application progress in the fields of biomedicine and high technology. Finally, the challenges and prospects for the future development of protein-based elastomeric materials are envisioned to provide insights into the design and synthesis of the next generation of protein-based elastomeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Haopeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
- Xiangfu Laboratory, Jiaxing 314102, P. R. China
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3
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Wang W, Sun Z, Xiao Y, Wang M, Wang J, Guo C. Silk acid-tyramine hydrogels with rapid gelation properties for 3D cell culture. Acta Biomater 2024; 187:138-148. [PMID: 39197566 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) can be enzymatically crosslinked through tyrosine residues to fabricate hydrogels with good biocompatibility and tunable mechanical properties. Using tyramine substitution can increase the phenolic group content to facilitate the gelation kinetics and mechanical properties. In this study, a two-step chemical modification method is demonstrated to synthesize silk acid-tyramine (SA-TA) conjugates with a high phenolic group content (>7 mol%). The SA-TA shows rapid enzyme-catalyzed gelation property where the sol-gel transition takes less than 10 s at 37 °C, allowing cell encapsulation with uniform distribution while maintaining high cell viability (>90 %). Furthermore, the enzyme-catalyzed SA-TA hydrogels show enhanced storage modulus than enzyme-catalyzed SF hydrogels, long-term stability, and good cytocompatibility, indicating their great potential in 3D cell culture. The in vivo implantation study demonstrates that the SA-TA hydrogels are biodegradable with a mild immune response. This implies that SA-TA hydrogels can be applied in various medical applications, such as tissue engineering, cell delivery, and 3D bioprinting. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, a two-step chemical modification method is demonstrated to synthesize silk acid-tyramine (SA-TA) conjugates with a high phenolic group content (>7 mol%). Owing to the increased content of the phenolic group, the SA-TA shows rapid enzyme-catalyzed gelation property where the sol-gel transition takes less than 10 s at 37 °C, allowing cell encapsulation with uniform distribution while maintaining high cell viability (>90 %). Furthermore, the enzyme-catalyzed SA-TA hydrogels show enhanced storage modulus than enzyme-catalyzed SF hydrogels, long-term stability, and good cytocompatibility, indicating their great potential in 3D cell culture. The in vivo implantation study demonstrates that the SA-TA hydrogels are biodegradable with a mild immune response. This implies that SA-TA hydrogels can be applied in various medical applications, such as tissue engineering, cell delivery, and 3D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Ziyang Sun
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Yixiao Xiao
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Chengchen Guo
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China; Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.
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4
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Arndt T, Chatterjee U, Shilkova O, Francis J, Lundkvist J, Johansson D, Schmuck B, Greco G, Nordberg ÅE, Li Y, Wahlberg LU, Langton M, Johansson J, Götherström C, Rising A. Tuneable Recombinant Spider Silk Protein Hydrogels for Drug Release and 3D Cell Culture. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2024; 34:2303622. [PMID: 39355087 PMCID: PMC11440629 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202303622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are useful drug release systems and tissue engineering scaffolds. However, synthetic hydrogels often require harsh gelation conditions and can contain toxic by-products while naturally derived hydrogels can transmit pathogens and in general have poor mechanical properties. Thus, there is a need for a hydrogel that forms under ambient conditions, is non-toxic, xeno-free, and has good mechanical properties. A recombinant spider silk protein-derived hydrogel that rapidly forms at 37 °C is recently developed. The temperature and gelation times are well-suited for an injectable in situ polymerising hydrogel, as well as a 3D cell culture scaffold. Here, it is shown that the diffusion rate and the mechanical properties can be tuned by changing the protein concentration and that human fetal mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in the hydrogels show high survival and viability. Furthermore, mixtures of recombinant spider silk proteins and green fluorescent protein (GFP) form gels from which functional GFP is gradually released, indicating that bioactive molecules are easily included in the gels, maintain activity and can diffuse through the gel. Interestingly, encapsulated ARPE-19 cells are viable and continuously produce the growth factor progranulin, which is detected in the cell culture medium over the study period of 31 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Arndt
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetNeoHuddinge14152Sweden
| | - Urmimala Chatterjee
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetNeoHuddinge14152Sweden
| | - Olga Shilkova
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetNeoHuddinge14152Sweden
| | - Juanita Francis
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetNeoHuddinge14152Sweden
| | | | - Daniel Johansson
- Department of Molecular SciencesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsala75007Sweden
| | - Benjamin Schmuck
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetNeoHuddinge14152Sweden
- Department of AnatomyPhysiology and BiochemistrySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsala75007Sweden
| | - Gabriele Greco
- Department of AnatomyPhysiology and BiochemistrySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsala75007Sweden
| | - Åsa Ekblad Nordberg
- Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention and TechnologyDivision of Obstetrics and GynecologyKarolinska InstitutetHuddinge14152Sweden
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention and TechnologyDivision of Orthopedics and BiotechnologyKarolinska UniversitetssjukhusetHuddinge141 86Sweden
| | | | - Maud Langton
- Department of Molecular SciencesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsala75007Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetNeoHuddinge14152Sweden
| | - Cecilia Götherström
- Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention and TechnologyDivision of Obstetrics and GynecologyKarolinska InstitutetHuddinge14152Sweden
| | - Anna Rising
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetNeoHuddinge14152Sweden
- Department of AnatomyPhysiology and BiochemistrySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsala75007Sweden
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5
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Leppert A, Feng J, Railaite V, Bohn Pessatti T, Cerrato CP, Mörman C, Osterholz H, Lane DP, Maia FRNC, Linder MB, Rising A, Landreh M. Controlling Drug Partitioning in Individual Protein Condensates through Laser-Induced Microscale Phase Transitions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19555-19565. [PMID: 38963823 PMCID: PMC11258780 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Gelation of protein condensates formed by liquid-liquid phase separation occurs in a wide range of biological contexts, from the assembly of biomaterials to the formation of fibrillar aggregates, and is therefore of interest for biomedical applications. Soluble-to-gel (sol-gel) transitions are controlled through macroscopic processes such as changes in temperature or buffer composition, resulting in bulk conversion of liquid droplets into microgels within minutes to hours. Using microscopy and mass spectrometry, we show that condensates of an engineered mini-spidroin (NT2repCTYF) undergo a spontaneous sol-gel transition resulting in the loss of exchange of proteins between the soluble and the condensed phase. This feature enables us to specifically trap a silk-domain-tagged target protein in the spidroin microgels. Surprisingly, laser pulses trigger near-instant gelation. By loading the condensates with fluorescent dyes or drugs, we can control the wavelength at which gelation is triggered. Fluorescence microscopy reveals that laser-induced gelation significantly further increases the partitioning of the fluorescent molecules into the condensates. In summary, our findings demonstrate direct control of phase transitions in individual condensates, opening new avenues for functional and structural characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Leppert
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department
of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jianhui Feng
- Bioproducts
and Biosystems, Aalto University, Fi-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Vaida Railaite
- Department
of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Tomas Bohn Pessatti
- Department
of Anatomy Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carmine P. Cerrato
- Department
of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Mörman
- Department
of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska
Institutet, S-14157 Huddinge, Sweden
- Department
of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villingen, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Osterholz
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David P. Lane
- Department
of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Filipe R. N. C. Maia
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Markus B. Linder
- Bioproducts
and Biosystems, Aalto University, Fi-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Anna Rising
- Department
of Anatomy Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department
of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska
Institutet, S-14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael Landreh
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department
of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17165 Solna, Sweden
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6
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Mayer K, Ruhoff A, Chan NJ, Waterhouse A, O'Connor AJ, Scheibel T, Heath DE. REDV-Functionalized Recombinant Spider Silk for Next-Generation Coronary Artery Stent Coatings: Hemocompatible, Drug-Eluting, and Endothelial Cell-Specific Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38470984 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Coronary artery stents are life-saving devices, and millions of these devices are implanted annually to treat coronary heart disease. The current gold standard in treatment is drug-eluting stents, which are coated with a biodegradable polymer layer that elutes antiproliferative drugs to prevent restenosis due to neointimal hyperplasia. Stenting is commonly paired with systemic antiplatelet therapy to prevent stent thrombosis. Despite their clinical success, current stents have significant limitations including inducing local inflammation that drives hyperplasia; a lack of hemocompatibility that promotes thrombosis, increasing need for antiplatelet therapy; and limited endothelialization, which is a critical step in the healing process. In this research, we designed a novel material for use as a next-generation coating for drug-eluting stents that addresses the limitations described above. Specifically, we developed a recombinant spider silk material that is functionalized with an REDV cell-adhesive ligand, a peptide motif that promotes specific adhesion of endothelial cells in the cardiovascular environment. We illustrated that this REDV-modified spider silk variant [eADF4(C16)-REDV] is an endothelial-cell-specific material that can promote the formation of a near-confluent endothelium. We additionally performed hemocompatibility assays using human whole blood and demonstrated that spider silk materials exhibit excellent hemocompatibility under both static and flow conditions. Furthermore, we showed that the material displayed slow enzyme-mediated degradation. Finally, we illustrated the ability to load and release the clinically relevant drug everolimus from recombinant spider silk coatings in a quantity and at a rate similar to that of commercial devices. These results support the use of REDV-functionalized recombinant spider silk as a coating for drug-eluting stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Mayer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Chair for Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Prof. Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alexander Ruhoff
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Anna Waterhouse
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andrea J O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Chair for Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Prof. Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuther Materialzentrum (BayMat), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (BZMB), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayrisches Polymerinstitut (BPI), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Daniel E Heath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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7
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Xie Q, On Lee S, Vissamsetti N, Guo S, Johnson ME, Fried SD. Secretion-Catalyzed Assembly of Protein Biomaterials on a Bacterial Membrane Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305178. [PMID: 37469298 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein-based biomaterials have played a key role in tissue engineering, and additional exciting applications as self-healing materials and sustainable polymers are emerging. Over the past few decades, recombinant expression and production of various fibrous proteins from microbes have been demonstrated; however, the resulting proteins typically must then be purified and processed by humans to form usable fibers and materials. Here, we show that the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis can be programmed to secrete silk through its translocon via an orthogonal signal peptide/peptidase pair. Surprisingly, we discover that this translocation mechanism drives the silk proteins to assemble into fibers spontaneously on the cell surface, in a process we call secretion-catalyzed assembly (SCA). Secreted silk fibers form self-healing hydrogels with minimal processing. Alternatively, the fibers retained on the membrane provide a facile route to create engineered living materials from Bacillus cells. This work provides a blueprint to achieve autonomous assembly of protein biomaterials in useful morphologies directly from microbial factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 21218, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sea On Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 21218, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nitya Vissamsetti
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 21218, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sikao Guo
- T. C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, 21218, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Margaret E Johnson
- T. C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, 21218, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen D Fried
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 21218, Baltimore, MD, USA
- T. C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, 21218, Baltimore, MD, USA
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8
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Wu SD, Chuang WT, Ho JC, Wu HC, Hsu SH. Self-Healing of Recombinant Spider Silk Gel and Coating. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081855. [PMID: 37112001 PMCID: PMC10141599 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-healing properties, originating from the natural healing process, are highly desirable for the fitness-enhancing functionality of biomimetic materials. Herein, we fabricated the biomimetic recombinant spider silk by genetic engineering, in which Escherichia coli (E. coli) was employed as a heterologous expression host. The self-assembled recombinant spider silk hydrogel was obtained through the dialysis process (purity > 85%). The recombinant spider silk hydrogel with a storage modulus of ~250 Pa demonstrated autonomous self-healing and high strain-sensitive properties (critical strain ~50%) at 25 °C. The in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (in situ SAXS) analyses revealed that the self-healing mechanism was associated with the stick-slip behavior of the β-sheet nanocrystals (each of ~2-4 nm) based on the slope variation (i.e., ~-0.4 at 100%/200% strains, and ~-0.9 at 1% strain) of SAXS curves in the high q-range. The self-healing phenomenon may occur through the rupture and reformation of the reversible hydrogen bonding within the β-sheet nanocrystals. Furthermore, the recombinant spider silk as a dry coating material demonstrated self-healing under humidity as well as cell affinity. The electrical conductivity of the dry silk coating was ~0.4 mS/m. Neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferated on the coated surface and showed a 2.3-fold number expansion after 3 days of culture. The biomimetic self-healing recombinant spider silk gel and thinly coated surface may have good potential in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Da Wu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tsung Chuang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Chen Ho
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Chen Wu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
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9
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Saric M, Scheibel T. Two-in-One Spider Silk Protein with Combined Mechanical Features in All-Aqueous Spun Fibers. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1744-1750. [PMID: 36913547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Major ampullate (MA) spider silk reveals outstanding mechanical properties in terms of a unique combination of high tensile strength and extensibility, unmatched by most other known native or synthetic fiber materials. MA silk contains at least two spider silk proteins (spidroins), and here, a novel two-in-one (TIO) spidroin was engineered, resembling amino acid sequences of such two of the European garden spider. The combination of mechanical and chemical features of both underlying proteins facilitated the hierarchical self-assembly into β-sheet-rich superstructures. Due to the presence of native terminal dimerization domains, highly concentrated aqueous spinning dopes could be prepared from recombinant TIO spidroins. Subsequently, fibers were spun in a biomimetic, aqueous wet-spinning process, yielding mechanical properties at least twice as high as fibers spun from individual spidroins or blends. The presented processing route holds great potential for future applications using ecological green high-performance fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merisa Saric
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Universität Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Universität Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.,Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.,Bayreuther Materialzentrum (BayMat), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.,Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (BZMB), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.,Bayrisches Polymerinstitut (BPI), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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10
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Gonzalez-Obeso C, Jane Hartzell E, Albert Scheel R, Kaplan DL. Delivering on the promise of recombinant silk-inspired proteins for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114622. [PMID: 36414094 PMCID: PMC9812964 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effective drug delivery is essential for the success of a medical treatment. Polymeric drug delivery systems (DDSs) are preferred over systemic administration of drugs due to their protection capacity, directed release, and reduced side effects. Among the numerous polymer sources, silks and recombinant silks have drawn significant attention over the past decade as DDSs. Native silk is produced from a variety of organisms, which are then used as sources or guides of genetic material for heterologous expression or engineered designs. Recombinant silks bear the outstanding properties of natural silk, such as processability in aqueous solution, self-assembly, drug loading capacity, drug stabilization/protection, and degradability, while incorporating specific properties beneficial for their success as DDS, such as monodispersity and tailored physicochemical properties. Moreover, the on-demand inclusion of sequences that customize the DDS for the specific application enhances efficiency. Often, inclusion of a drug into a DDS is achieved by simple mixing or diffusion and stabilized by non-specific molecular interactions; however, these interactions can be improved by the incorporation of drug-binding peptide sequences. In this review we provide an overview of native sources for silks and silk sequences, as well as the design and formulation of recombinant silk biomaterials as drug delivery systems in a variety of formats, such as films, hydrogels, porous sponges, or particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constancio Gonzalez-Obeso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Emily Jane Hartzell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Ryan Albert Scheel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.
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11
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Neubauer VJ, Hüter F, Wittmann J, Trossmann VT, Kleinschrodt C, Alber-Laukant B, Rieg F, Scheibel T. Flow Simulation and Gradient Printing of Fluorapatite- and Cell-Loaded Recombinant Spider Silk Hydrogels. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101413. [PMID: 36291622 PMCID: PMC9599405 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical structures are abundant in almost all tissues of the human body. Therefore, it is highly important for tissue engineering approaches to mimic such structures if a gain of function of the new tissue is intended. Here, the hierarchical structures of the so-called enthesis, a gradient tissue located between tendon and bone, were in focus. Bridging the mechanical properties from soft to hard secures a perfect force transmission from the muscle to the skeleton upon locomotion. This study aimed at a novel method of bioprinting to generate gradient biomaterial constructs with a focus on the evaluation of the gradient printing process. First, a numerical approach was used to simulate gradient formation by computational flow as a prerequisite for experimental bioprinting of gradients. Then, hydrogels were printed in a single cartridge printing set-up to transfer the findings to biomedically relevant materials. First, composites of recombinant spider silk hydrogels with fluorapatite rods were used to generate mineralized gradients. Then, fibroblasts were encapsulated in the recombinant spider silk-fluorapatite hydrogels and gradually printed using unloaded spider silk hydrogels as the second component. Thereby, adjustable gradient features were achieved, and multimaterial constructs were generated. The process is suitable for the generation of gradient materials, e.g., for tissue engineering applications such as at the tendon/bone interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa J. Neubauer
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Florian Hüter
- Lehrstuhl Konstruktionslehre und CAD, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Johannes Wittmann
- Lehrstuhl Konstruktionslehre und CAD, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Vanessa T. Trossmann
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Claudia Kleinschrodt
- Lehrstuhl Konstruktionslehre und CAD, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bettina Alber-Laukant
- Lehrstuhl Konstruktionslehre und CAD, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Frank Rieg
- Lehrstuhl Konstruktionslehre und CAD, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Engine Research Center (BERC), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Zentrum für Energietechnik (ZET), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayerisches Polymerinstitut (BPI), Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (BZMB), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuther Materialzentrum (BayMAT), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Correspondence:
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12
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Bargel H, Trossmann VT, Sommer C, Scheibel T. Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:902-921. [PMID: 36127898 PMCID: PMC9475208 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion to material surfaces is crucial for almost all organisms regarding subsequent biological responses. Mammalian cell attachment to a surrounding biological matrix is essential for maintaining their survival and function concerning tissue formation. Conversely, the adhesion and presence of microbes interferes with important multicellular processes of tissue development. Therefore, tailoring bioselective, biologically active, and multifunctional materials for biomedical applications is a modern focus of biomaterial research. Engineering biomaterials that stimulate and interact with cell receptors to support binding and subsequent physiological responses of multicellular systems attracted much interest in the last years. Further to this, the increasing threat of multidrug resistance of pathogens against antibiotics to human health urgently requires new material concepts for preventing microbial infestation and biofilm formation. Thus, materials exhibiting microbial repellence or antimicrobial behaviour to reduce inflammation, while selectively enhancing regeneration in host tissues are of utmost interest. In this context, protein-based materials are interesting candidates due to their natural origin, biological activity, and structural properties. Silk materials, in particular those made of spider silk proteins and their recombinant counterparts, are characterized by extraordinary properties including excellent biocompatibility, slow biodegradation, low immunogenicity, and non-toxicity, making them ideally suited for tissue engineering and biomedical applications. Furthermore, recombinant production technologies allow for application-specific modification to develop adjustable, bioactive materials. The present review focusses on biological processes and surface interactions involved in the bioselective adhesion of mammalian cells and repellence of microbes on protein-based material surfaces. In addition, it highlights the importance of materials made of recombinant spider silk proteins, focussing on the progress regarding bioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Bargel
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Vanessa T Trossmann
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christoph Sommer
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center of Material Science and Engineering (BayMat), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center of Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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13
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Trossmann VT, Heltmann-Meyer S, Amouei H, Wajant H, Horch RE, Steiner D, Scheibel T. Recombinant Spider Silk Bioinks for Continuous Protein Release by Encapsulated Producer Cells. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4427-4437. [PMID: 36067476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapies using biopharmaceuticals are of growing clinical importance in disease treatment. Currently, there are several limitations of protein-based therapeutics (biologicals), including suboptimal biodistribution, lack of stability, and systemic side effects. A promising approach to overcoming these limitations could be a therapeutic cell-loaded 3D construct consisting of a suitable matrix component that harbors producer cells continuously secreting the biological of interest. Here, the recombinant spider silk proteins eADF4(C16), eADF4(C16)-RGD, and eADF4(C16)-RGE have been processed together with HEK293 producer cells stably secreting the highly traceable reporter biological TNFR2-Fc-GpL, a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of TNFR2, the Fc domain of human IgG1, and the luciferase of Gaussia princeps as a reporter domain. eADF4(C16) and eADF4(C16)-RGD hydrogels provide structural and mechanical support, promote HEK293 cell growth, and allow fusion protein production by the latter. Bioink-captured HEK293 producer cells continuously release functional TNFR2-Fc-GpL over 14 days. Thus, the combination of biocompatible, printable spider silk bioinks with drug-producing cells is promising for generating implantable 3D constructs for continuous targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa T Trossmann
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Fakultät für Ingenieurswissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heltmann-Meyer
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Krankenhaus-Str. 12, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Hanna Amouei
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Grombühl-Str. 12, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Grombühl-Str. 12, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Krankenhaus-Str. 12, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Dominik Steiner
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Krankenhaus-Str. 12, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Fakultät für Ingenieurswissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, Bayreuth 95447, Germany.,Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Bayerisches Polymerinstitut (BPI), Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (BZMB), Bayreuther Materialzentrum (BayMAT), Universität Bayreuth, Universitäts-Str. 30, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
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14
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Arndt T, Jaudzems K, Shilkova O, Francis J, Johansson M, Laity PR, Sahin C, Chatterjee U, Kronqvist N, Barajas-Ledesma E, Kumar R, Chen G, Strömberg R, Abelein A, Langton M, Landreh M, Barth A, Holland C, Johansson J, Rising A. Spidroin N-terminal domain forms amyloid-like fibril based hydrogels and provides a protein immobilization platform. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4695. [PMID: 35970823 PMCID: PMC9378615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant spider silk proteins (spidroins) have multiple potential applications in development of novel biomaterials, but their multimodal and aggregation-prone nature have complicated production and straightforward applications. Here, we report that recombinant miniature spidroins, and importantly also the N-terminal domain (NT) on its own, rapidly form self-supporting and transparent hydrogels at 37 °C. The gelation is caused by NT α-helix to β-sheet conversion and formation of amyloid-like fibrils, and fusion proteins composed of NT and green fluorescent protein or purine nucleoside phosphorylase form hydrogels with intact functions of the fusion moieties. Our findings demonstrate that recombinant NT and fusion proteins give high expression yields and bestow attractive properties to hydrogels, e.g., transparency, cross-linker free gelation and straightforward immobilization of active proteins at high density. Recombinant spider silks are of interest but the multimodal and aggregation-prone nature of them is a limitation. Here, the authors report on a miniature spidroin based on the N-terminal domain which forms a hydrogel at 37 °C which allows for ease of production and fusion protein modification to generate functional biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Arndt
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, Blickagången 16, Huddinge, 141 52, Sweden
| | - Kristaps Jaudzems
- Department of Physical Organic Chemistry, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Olga Shilkova
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, Blickagången 16, Huddinge, 141 52, Sweden
| | - Juanita Francis
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, Blickagången 16, Huddinge, 141 52, Sweden
| | - Mathias Johansson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden, Box 7015
| | - Peter R Laity
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Cagla Sahin
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Urmimala Chatterjee
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, Blickagången 16, Huddinge, 141 52, Sweden
| | - Nina Kronqvist
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, Blickagången 16, Huddinge, 141 52, Sweden
| | - Edgar Barajas-Ledesma
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, Blickagången 16, Huddinge, 141 52, Sweden
| | - Gefei Chen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, Blickagången 16, Huddinge, 141 52, Sweden
| | - Roger Strömberg
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, Blickagången 16, Huddinge, 141 52, Sweden
| | - Axel Abelein
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, Blickagången 16, Huddinge, 141 52, Sweden
| | - Maud Langton
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden, Box 7015
| | - Michael Landreh
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Andreas Barth
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chris Holland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, Blickagången 16, Huddinge, 141 52, Sweden
| | - Anna Rising
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, Blickagången 16, Huddinge, 141 52, Sweden. .,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden.
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15
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Recent Research Progress of Ionic Liquid Dissolving Silks for Biomedicine and Tissue Engineering Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158706. [PMID: 35955840 PMCID: PMC9369158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) show a bright application prospect in the field of biomedicine and energy materials due to their unique recyclable, modifiability, structure of cation and anion adjustability, as well as excellent physical and chemical properties. Dissolving silk fibroin (SF), from different species silkworm cocoons, with ILs is considered an effective new way to obtain biomaterials with highly enhanced/tailored properties, which can significantly overcome the shortcomings of traditional preparation methods, such as the cumbersome, time-consuming and the organic toxicity caused by manufacture. In this paper, the basic structure and properties of SF and the preparation methods of traditional regenerated SF solution are first introduced. Then, the dissolving mechanism and main influencing factors of ILs for SF are expounded, and the fabrication methods, material structure and properties of SF blending with natural biological protein, inorganic matter, synthetic polymer, carbon nanotube and graphene oxide in the ILs solution system are introduced. Additionally, our work summarizes the biomedicine and tissue engineering applications of silk-based materials dissolved through various ILs. Finally, according to the deficiency of ILs for dissolving SF at a high melting point and expensive cost, their further study and future development trend are prospected.
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16
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Lang G, Grill C, Scheibel T. Site-Specific Functionalization of Recombinant Spider Silk Janus Fibers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115232. [PMID: 34986278 PMCID: PMC9303884 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biotechnological production is a powerful tool to design materials with customized properties. The aim of this work was to apply designed spider silk proteins to produce Janus fibers with two different functional sides. First, functionalization was established through a cysteine-modified silk protein, ntagCys eADF4(κ16). After fiber spinning, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were coupled via thiol-ene click chemistry. Significantly reduced electrical resistivity indicated sufficient loading density of AuNPs on such fiber surfaces. Then, Janus fibers were electrospun in a side-by-side arrangement, with "non-functional" eADF4(C16) on the one and "functional" ntagCys eADF4(κ16) on the other side. Post-treatment was established to render silk fibers insoluble in water. Subsequent AuNP binding was highly selective on the ntagCys eADF4(κ16) side demonstrating the potential of such silk-based systems to realize complex bifunctional structures with spatial resolutions in the nano scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Lang
- Biopolymer Processing GroupUniversity of BayreuthLudwig-Thoma-Straße 36A95447BayreuthGermany
| | - Carolin Grill
- Chair of BiomaterialsUniversity of BayreuthTAO Gebäude, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 195447BayreuthGermany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Chair of BiomaterialsUniversity of BayreuthTAO Gebäude, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 195447BayreuthGermany
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17
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Lang G, Grill C, Scheibel T. Site‐specific functionalization of recombinant spider silk Janus fibers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Lang
- Universität Bayreuth: Universitat Bayreuth Biopolymerprocessing GERMANY
| | - Carolin Grill
- Universität Bayreuth: Universitat Bayreuth Biomaterials GERMANY
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- University of Bayreuth Biomaterials Prof. Rüdiger Bormann Str. 1 95447 Bayreuth GERMANY
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18
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Zhang Q, Li M, Hu W, Wang X, Hu J. Spidroin-Based Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering: General Approaches and Potential Stem Cell Therapies. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:7141550. [PMID: 34966432 PMCID: PMC8712125 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7141550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spider silks are increasingly gaining interest for potential use as biomaterials in tissue engineering and biomedical applications. Owing to their facile and versatile processability in native and regenerated forms, they can be easily tuned via chemical synthesis or recombinant technologies to address specific issues required for applications. In the past few decades, native spider silk and recombinant silk materials have been explored for a wide range of applications due to their superior strength, toughness, and elasticity as well as biocompatibility, biodegradation, and nonimmunogenicity. Herein, we present an overview of the recent advances in spider silk protein that fabricate biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Beginning with a brief description of biological and mechanical properties of spidroin-based materials and the cellular regulatory mechanism, this review summarizes various types of spidroin-based biomaterials from genetically engineered spider silks and their prospects for specific biomedical applications (e.g., lung tissue engineering, vascularization, bone and cartilage regeneration, and peripheral nerve repair), and finally, we prospected the development direction and manufacturing technology of building more refined and customized spidroin-based protein scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Min Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wenbo Hu
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Neubauer VJ, Trossmann VT, Jacobi S, Döbl A, Scheibel T. Recombinant Spider Silk Gels Derived from Aqueous-Organic Solvents as Depots for Drugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11847-11851. [PMID: 33769676 PMCID: PMC8251796 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are widely used in various biomedical applications, as they cannot only serve as materials for biofabrication but also as depots for the administration of drugs. However, the possibilities of formulation of water-insoluble drugs in hydrogels are rather limited. Herein, we assembled recombinant spider silk gels using a new processing route with aqueous-organic co-solvents, and the properties of these gels could be controlled by the choice of the co-solvent. The presence of the organic co-solvent further enabled the incorporation of hydrophobic drugs as exemplarily shown for 6-mercaptopurine. The developed gels showed shear-thinning behaviour and could be easily injected to serve, for example, as drug depots, and they could even be 3D printed to serve as scaffolds for biofabrication. With this new processing route, the formulation of water-insoluble drugs in spider silk-based depots is possible, circumventing common pharmaceutical solubility issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa J. Neubauer
- Lehrstuhl BiomaterialienUniversität BayreuthProf.-Rüdiger-Bormann Strasse 195447BayreuthGermany
| | - Vanessa T. Trossmann
- Lehrstuhl BiomaterialienUniversität BayreuthProf.-Rüdiger-Bormann Strasse 195447BayreuthGermany
| | - Sofia Jacobi
- Lehrstuhl BiomaterialienUniversität BayreuthProf.-Rüdiger-Bormann Strasse 195447BayreuthGermany
| | - Annika Döbl
- Lehrstuhl BiomaterialienUniversität BayreuthProf.-Rüdiger-Bormann Strasse 195447BayreuthGermany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Lehrstuhl BiomaterialienUniversität BayreuthProf.-Rüdiger-Bormann Strasse 195447BayreuthGermany
- Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG)Universität BayreuthUniversitätsstrasse 3095440BayreuthGermany
- Bayerisches Polymerinstitut (BPI)Universität BayreuthUniversitätsstrasse 3095440BayreuthGermany
- Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (BZMB)Universität BayreuthUniversitätsstrasse 3095440BayreuthGermany
- Bayreuther Materialzentrum (BayMAT)Universität BayreuthUniversitätsstrasse 3095440BayreuthGermany
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