1
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Gerakinis DP, Anogiannakis SD, Theodorou DN. Equilibration of linear polyethylene melts with pre-defined molecular weight distributions employing united atom Monte Carlo simulations. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:044901. [PMID: 39037144 DOI: 10.1063/5.0219728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Possessing control over the molecular size (molecular weight/chain length/degree of polymerization) distribution of a polymeric material is extremely important in applications. This is manifested de facto by the extensive contemporary scientific literature on processes for controlling this distribution experimentally. Yet, the literature on computational techniques for achieving prescribed molecular size distributions in simulations and exploring their impact on properties is much less abundant than its experimental/technical counterpart. Here, we develop-on the basis of united atom melt simulations employing connectivity-altering Monte Carlo moves-a new Metropolis selection criterion that drives the multichain system to a prescribed but otherwise arbitrary distribution of molecular sizes. The new formulation is a generalization of that originally proposed [P. V. K. Pant and D. N. Theodorou, Macromolecules 28, 7224 (1995)], but simpler and more computationally efficient. It requires knowledge solely of the target distribution, which need not be normalized. We have implemented the new formulation on long-chain linear polyethylene melts, obtaining excellent results. The target molecular size distribution can be provided in tabulated form, allowing absolute freedom as to the types of chain size profiles that can be simulated. Distributions for which equilibration has been achieved here for linear polyethylene include a truncated most probable, a truncated Schulz-Zimm, an arbitrary one defined in tabulated form, a broad truncated Gaussian, and a bimodal Gaussian. The last two are comparable to those encountered in industrial applications. The impact of the molecular size distribution on the properties of the simulated melts, such as density, chain dimensions, and mixing thermodynamics, is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios-Paraskevas Gerakinis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos," 15341 Athens, Greece
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Street, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Stefanos D Anogiannakis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Street, 15780 Athens, Greece
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Doros N Theodorou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Street, 15780 Athens, Greece
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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2
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Damonte G, Zaborniak I, Klamut M, Di Lisa D, Pastorino L, Awsiuk K, Wolski K, Chmielarz P, Monticelli O. Development of functionalized poly(lactide) films with chitosan via SI-SARA ATRP as scaffolds for neuronal cell growth. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132768. [PMID: 38823733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA), a polymer derived from renewable resources, is gaining increasing attention in the development of biomedical devices due to its cost-effectiveness, low immunogenicity, and biodegradability. However, its inherent hydrophobicity remains a problem, leading to poor cell adhesion features. On this basis, the aim of this work was to develop a method for functionalizing the surface of PLA films with a biopolymer, chitosan (CH), which was proved to be a material with intrinsic cell adhesive properties, but whose mechanical properties are insufficient to be used alone. The combination of the two polymers, PLA as a bulk scaffold and CH as a coating, could be a promising combination to develop a scaffold for cell growth. The modification of PLA films involved several steps: aminolysis followed by bromination to graft amino and then bromide groups, poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) grafting by surface-initiated supplemental activator and reducing agent atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-SARA ATRP) and finally the CH grafting. To prove the effective adhesive properties, conjugated and non-conjugated films were tested in vitro as substrates for neuronal cell growth using differentiated neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells. The results demonstrated enhanced cell growth in the presence of CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Damonte
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Izabela Zaborniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Klamut
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; Doctoral School of the Rzeszów University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 8, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Donatella Di Lisa
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi, Università di Genova, Via All'Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Pastorino
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi, Università di Genova, Via All'Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Kamil Awsiuk
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Karol Wolski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Orietta Monticelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy.
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3
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Çalbaş B, Keobounnam AN, Korban C, Doratan AJ, Jean T, Sharma AY, Wright TA. Protein-polymer bioconjugation, immobilization, and encapsulation: a comparative review towards applicability, functionality, activity, and stability. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:2841-2864. [PMID: 38683585 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01861j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Polymer-based biomaterials have received a lot of attention due to their biomedical, agricultural, and industrial potential. Soluble protein-polymer bioconjugates, immobilized proteins, and encapsulated proteins have been shown to tune enzymatic activity, improved pharmacokinetic ability, increased chemical and thermal stability, stimuli responsiveness, and introduced protein recovery. Controlled polymerization techniques, increased protein-polymer attachment techniques, improved polymer surface grafting techniques, controlled polymersome self-assembly, and sophisticated characterization methods have been utilized for the development of well-defined polymer-based biomaterials. In this review we aim to provide a brief account of the field, compare these methods for engineering biomaterials, provide future directions for the field, and highlight impacts of these forms of bioconjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berke Çalbaş
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Ashley N Keobounnam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher Korban
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ainsley Jade Doratan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Tiffany Jean
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Aryan Yashvardhan Sharma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Thaiesha A Wright
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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4
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Raji IO, Dodo OJ, Saha NK, Eisenhart M, Miller KM, Whitfield R, Anastasaki A, Konkolewicz D. Network Polymer Properties Engineered Through Polymer Backbone Dispersity and Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315200. [PMID: 38546541 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Dispersity (Ð or Mw/Mn) is an important parameter in material design and as such can significantly impact the properties of polymers. Here, polymer networks with independent control over the molecular weight and dispersity of the linear chains that form the material are developed. Using a RAFT polymerization approach, a library of polymers with dispersity ranging from 1.2-1.9 for backbone chain-length (DP) 100, and 1.4-3.1 for backbone chain-length 200 were developed and transformed to networks through post-polymerization crosslinking to form disulfide linkers. The tensile, swelling, and adhesive properties were explored, finding that both at DP 100 and DP 200 the swelling ratio, tensile strength, and extensibility were superior at intermediate dispersity (1.3-1.5 for DP 100 and 1.6-2.1 for DP 200) compared to materials with either substantially higher or lower dispersity. Furthermore, adhesive properties for materials with chains of intermediate dispersity at DP 200 revealed enhanced performance compared to the very low or high dispersity chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim O Raji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
| | - Obed J Dodo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
| | - Nirob K Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
| | - Mary Eisenhart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
| | - Kevin M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Murray State University, Murray, KY 42071, USA
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH, Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH, Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
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5
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Wang P, Ge M, Luo X, Zhai Y, Meckbach N, Strehmel V, Li S, Chen Z, Strehmel B. Confinement of Sustainable Carbon Dots Results in Long Afterglow Emitters and Photocatalyst for Radical Photopolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202402915. [PMID: 38569128 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable carbon dots based on cellulose, particularly carboxymethyl cellulose carbon dots (CMCCDs), were confined in an inorganic network resulting in CMCCDs@SiO2. This resulted in a material exhibiting long afterglow covering a time frame of several seconds also under air. Temperature-dependent emission spectra gave information on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) while photocurrent experiments provided a deeper understanding of charge availability in the dark period, and therefore, its availability on the photocatalyst surface. The photo-ATRP initiator, ethyl α-bromophenylacetate (EBPA), quenched the emission from the millisecond to the nanosecond time frame indicating participation of the triplet state in photoinduced electron transfer (PET). Both free radical and controlled radical polymerization based on photo-ATRP protocol worked successfully. Metal-free photo-ATRP resulted in chain extendable macroinitiators based on a reductive mechanism with either MMA or in combination with styrene. Addition of 9 ppm Cu2+ resulted in Mw/Mn of 1.4 while an increase to 72 ppm improved uniformity of the polymers; that is Mw/Mn=1.03. Complementary experiments with kerria laca carbon dots confined materials, namely KCDs@SiO2, provided similar results. Deposition of Cu2+ (9 ppm) on the photocatalyst surface explains better uniformity of the polymers formed in the ATRP protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Northeast Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, China
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Min Ge
- Northeast Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Xiongfei Luo
- Northeast Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, China
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
- Northeast Forestry University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Yingxiang Zhai
- Northeast Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Nicolai Meckbach
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Shujun Li
- Northeast Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Northeast Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang International Joint Lab of Advanced Biomass Materials, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
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6
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Shimizu T, Whitfield R, Jones GR, Raji IO, Konkolewicz D, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Controlling primary chain dispersity in network polymers: elucidating the effect of dispersity on degradation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13419-13428. [PMID: 38033899 PMCID: PMC10685271 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05203f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although dispersity has been demonstrated to be instrumental in determining many polymer properties, current synthetic strategies predominantly focus on tailoring the dispersity of linear polymers. In contrast, controlling the primary chain dispersity in network polymers is much more challenging, in part due to the complex nature of the reactions, which has limited the exploration of properties and applications. Here, a one-step method to prepare networks with precisely tuned primary chain dispersity is presented. By using an acid-switchable chain transfer agent and a degradable crosslinker in PET-RAFT polymerization, the in situ crosslinking of the propagating polymer chains was achieved in a quantitative manner. The incorporation of a degradable crosslinker, not only enables the accurate quantification of the various primary chain dispersities, post-synthesis, but also allows the investigation and comparison of their respective degradation profiles. Notably, the highest dispersity networks resulted in a 40% increase in degradation time when compared to their lower dispersity analogues, demonstrating that primary chain dispersity has a substantial impact on the network degradation rate. Our experimental findings were further supported by simulations, which emphasized the importance of higher molecular weight polymer chains, found within the high dispersity materials, in extending the lifetime of the network. This methodology presents a new and promising avenue to precisely tune primary chain dispersity within networks and demonstrates that polymer dispersity is an important parameter to consider when designing degradable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Science & Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku Yokohama-shi Kanagawa 227-8502 Japan
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Glen R Jones
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ibrahim O Raji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University 651 E High St Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University 651 E High St Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Nghia P Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 5 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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7
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Ma Q, Qiao GG, An Z. Visible Light Photoiniferter Polymerization for Dispersity Control in High Molecular Weight Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314729. [PMID: 37814139 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of polymers with high molecular weights, controlled sequence, and tunable dispersities remains a challenge. A simple and effective visible-light controlled photoiniferter reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is reported here to realize this goal. Key to this strategy is the use of switchable RAFT agents (SRAs) to tune polymerization activities coupled with the inherent highly living nature of photoiniferter RAFT polymerization. The polymerization activities of SRAs were in situ adjusted by the addition of acid. In addition to a switchable chain-transfer coefficient, photolysis and polymerization kinetic studies revealed that neutral and protonated SRAs showed different photolysis and polymerization rates, which is unique to photoiniferter RAFT polymerization in terms of dispersity control. This strategy features no catalyst, no exogenous radical source, temporal regulation by visible light, and tunable dispersities in the unprecedented high molecular weight regime (up to 500 kg mol-1 ). Pentablock copolymers with three different dispersity combinations were also synthesized, highlighting that the highly living nature was maintained even for blocks with large dispersities. Tg was lowered for high-dispersity polymers of similar MWs due to the existence of more low-MW polymers. This strategy holds great potential for the synthesis of advanced materials with controlled molecular weight, dispersity and sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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8
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Van Oosten A, Verduyckt C, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Koeckelberghs G. Influence of the dispersity and molar mass distribution of conjugated polymers on the aggregation type and subsequent chiral expression. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:3794-3802. [PMID: 37191181 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00163f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the influence of the dispersity on the aggregation of conjugated polymers and their subsequent chiral expression. Dispersity has been thoroughly investigated for industrial polymerizations, but research on conjugated polymers is lacking. Nonetheless, knowledge thereof is crucial for controlling the aggregation type (type I versus type II) and its influence is therefore investigated. For that purpose, a series of polymers is synthesized via metered initiator addition, resulting in dispersities ranging from 1.18-1.56. The lower dispersity polymers yield type II aggregates and the resulting symmetrical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra while the higher dispersity polymers are predominantly type I due to the longer chains effectively acting as a seed and therefore yield asymmetrical ECD spectra. Furthermore, a monomodal and bimodal molar mass distribution of similar dispersity are compared, demonstrating that bimodal distributions show both aggregation types and therefore more disorder, leading to a decrease in chiral expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelien Van Oosten
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Cynthia Verduyckt
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) - University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) - University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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9
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Conrad JC, Robertson ML. Shaping the Structure and Response of Surface-Grafted Polymer Brushes via the Molecular Weight Distribution. JACS AU 2023; 3:333-343. [PMID: 36873679 PMCID: PMC9975839 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Breadth in the molecular weight distribution is an inherent feature of synthetic polymer systems. While in the past this was typically considered as an unavoidable consequence of polymer synthesis, multiple recent studies have shown that tailoring the molecular weight distribution can alter the properties of polymer brushes grafted to surfaces. In this Perspective, we describe recent advances in synthetic methods to control the molecular weight distribution of surface-grafted polymers and highlight studies that reveal how shaping this distribution can generate novel or enhanced functionality in these materials.
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10
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Wang TT, Luo ZH, Zhou YN. On the Precise Determination of Molar Mass and Dispersity in Controlled Chain-Growth Polymerization: A Distribution Function-Based Strategy. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, PR China
| | - Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, PR China
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11
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Young JB, Bowman JI, Eades CB, Wong AJ, Sumerlin BS. Photoassisted Radical Depolymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1390-1395. [PMID: 36469937 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Controlled radical polymerization techniques enable the synthesis of polymers with predetermined molecular weights, narrow molecular weight distributions, and controlled architectures. Moreover, these polymerization approaches have been routinely shown to result in retained end-group functionality that can be reactivated to continue polymerization. However, reactivation of these end groups under conditions that instead promote depropagation is a viable route to initiate depolymerization and potentially enable closed-loop recycling from polymer to monomer. In this report, we investigate light as a trigger for thermal depolymerization of polymers prepared by reversible-addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. We study the role of irradiation wavelength by targeting the n → π* and π → π* electronic transitions of the thiocarbonylthio end-groups of RAFT-generated polymers to enhance depolymerization via terminal bond homolysis. Specifically, we explore depolymerization of polymers with trithiocarbonate, dithiocarbamate, and p-substituted dithiobenzoate end groups with the purpose of increasing depolymerization efficiency with light. As the wavelength decreases from the visible range to the UV range, the rate of depolymerization is dramatically increased. This method of photoassisted depolymerization allows up to 87% depolymerization efficiency within 1 h, results that may further the advancement of recyclable materials and life-cycle circularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Young
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jared I Bowman
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Cabell B Eades
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Alexander J Wong
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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12
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Zhu W, Zhang Z, Liu Y. Dynamic Data Reconciliation for Improving the Prediction Performance of the Data-Driven Model on Distributed Product Outputs. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Zhu
- Institute of Process Equipment and Control Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310023, China
| | - Zhengjiang Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Digitalize Electrical Design Technology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou325035, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Process Equipment and Control Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310023, China
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13
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Mariz M, Murta J, Gil MH, Ferreira P. An ocular insert with zero-order extended delivery: Release kinetics and mathematical models. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 181:79-87. [PMID: 36351492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ocular inserts (InEye®), were prepared based on two distinct formulations of PCL-PEG-PCL block copolymers - one with 33 % and the other with 24 % of PEG 600. Ring-open-polymerisation was used to link ε-caprolactone monomers to PEG hydroxyl end-groups. Molecular weight, PCL/PEG ratio, mass loss and swelling of different polymeric samples where determined. Based on the previously prepared block copolymers, ophthalmic inserts were assembled. These were prepared with an ellipsoidal shape by dripping melted polymer over a micro-tablet of moxifloxacin, used as drug model for this study, which therefore became entrapped in a central core coated with a polymer layer that functioned as a control-release barrier. The release kinetics of the model drug revealed a strong dependence on the PEG percentage on the polymer. Inserts' size and the amount of drug immobilized also had an important effect on the drug release profile. All release profiles followed a zero-order pattern, with 95 % of the drug being release at a constant rate. With drug releases varying from 20 to 200 days, and no initial burst, InEye® performance is unique among drug delivery systems and seems to be a very promising new formulation technology for preparing tailor-made ophthalmic inserts for prolonged and constant release of drug, which is needed for chronic diseases such as glaucoma, where compliance to treatment is essential for preventing optic-nerve lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mariz
- University of Coimbra, Chemical Engineering Department, CIEPQPF, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - J Murta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Coimbra University Hospital Centre (CHUC), Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, 3004-561, Portugal
| | - M H Gil
- University of Coimbra, Chemical Engineering Department, CIEPQPF, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Ferreira
- University of Coimbra, Chemical Engineering Department, CIEPQPF, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ISEC, DEQB, Rua Pedro Nunes, Quinta da Nora, Coimbra 3030-199, Portugal.
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14
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Lessard JJ, Stewart KA, Sumerlin BS. Controlling Dynamics of Associative Networks through Primary Chain Length. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J. Lessard
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kevin A. Stewart
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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15
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Luo X, Wan J, Meckbach N, Strehmel V, Li S, Chen Z, Strehmel B. A Porphyrin-Based Organic Network Comprising Sustainable Carbon Dots for Photopolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208180. [PMID: 35882626 PMCID: PMC9826160 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable carbon dots (CDs) based on furfuraldehyde (F-CD) resulted in a photosensitive material after pursuing the Alder-Longo reaction. The porphyrin moiety formed connects the F-CDs in a covalent organic network. This heterogeneous material (P-CD) was characterized by XPS indicating incorporation of the respective C, N and O moieties. Time resolved fluorescence including global analysis showed contribution of three linked components to the overall dynamics of the excited state. Electrochemical and photonic properties of this heterogeneous material facilitated photopolymerization in a photo-ATRP setup where either CuBr2 /TPMA, FeBr3 /Br- or a metal free reaction setup activated controlled polymerization. Chain extension experiments worked in all three cases showing end group fidelity for activation of controlled block copolymerization using MMA and styrene as monomers. Traditional radical polymerization using a diaryl iodonium salt as co-initiator failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Luo
- Northeast Forestry UniversityKey Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationHexing Road 26150040HarbinChina
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Coatings and Surface ChemistryNiederrhein University of Applied SciencesAdlerstr. 147798KrefeldGermany
| | - Jianyong Wan
- Northeast Forestry UniversityKey Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationHexing Road 26150040HarbinChina
| | - Nicolai Meckbach
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Coatings and Surface ChemistryNiederrhein University of Applied SciencesAdlerstr. 147798KrefeldGermany
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Coatings and Surface ChemistryNiederrhein University of Applied SciencesAdlerstr. 147798KrefeldGermany
| | - Shujun Li
- Northeast Forestry UniversityKey Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationHexing Road 26150040HarbinChina
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Northeast Forestry UniversityKey Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationHexing Road 26150040HarbinChina
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Coatings and Surface ChemistryNiederrhein University of Applied SciencesAdlerstr. 147798KrefeldGermany
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16
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Porphyrin Based Organic Network Comprising Sustainable Carbon Dots for Photopolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Controlling polymer molecular weight distributions by light through reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer‐hetero‐Diels–Alder click conjugation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Antonopoulou MN, Whitfield R, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Controlling polymer dispersity using switchable RAFT agents: Unravelling the effect of the organic content and degree of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Facile control of molecular weight distribution via droplet‐flow light‐driven reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Precision Polymer Synthesis by Controlled Radical Polymerization: Fusing the progress from Polymer Chemistry and Reaction Engineering. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Molecular Weight Distribution Control for Polymerization Processes Based on the Moment-Generating Function. ENTROPY 2022; 24:e24040499. [PMID: 35455162 PMCID: PMC9031830 DOI: 10.3390/e24040499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular weight distribution is an important factor that affects the properties of polymers. A control algorithm based on the moment-generating function was proposed to regulate the molecular weight distribution for polymerization processes in this work. The B-spline model was used to approximate the molecular weight distribution, and the weight state space equation of the system was identified by the subspace state space system identification method based on the paired date of B-spline weights and control inputs. Then, a new performance criterion mainly consisting of the moment-generating function was constructed to obtain the optimal control input. The effectiveness of the proposed control method was tested in a styrene polymerization process. The molecular weight distribution of the styrene polymers can be approximated by the B-spline model effectively, and it can also be regulated towards the desired one under the proposed control method.
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22
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Tu W, Maksym PE, Kaminski K, Chat K, Adrjanowicz K. Free-radical polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) supported by the high electric field. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00320a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In macromolecular science, tunning basic polymer parameters, like molecular weight (Mn) or molecular weight distribution (dispersity, Đ), is an active research topic. Many prominent synthetic protocols concerning chemical modification of...
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23
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Kearns MM, Morley CN, Parkatzidis K, Whitfield R, Sponza AD, Chakma P, De Alwis Watuthanthrige N, Chiu M, Anastasaki A, Konkolewicz D. A general model for the ideal chain length distributions of polymers made with reversible deactivation. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01331a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A general model is developed for the distribution of polymers made with reversible deactivation. The model is applied to a range of experimental systems including RAFT, cationic and ATRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison M. Kearns
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Colleen N. Morley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Kostas Parkatzidis
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alvaro D. Sponza
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 USA
| | - Progyateg Chakma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | | | - Melanie Chiu
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 USA
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
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24
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Jung K, Corrigan N, Wong EHH, Boyer C. Bioactive Synthetic Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105063. [PMID: 34611948 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are omnipresent in society as textiles and packaging materials, in construction and medicine, among many other important applications. Alternatively, natural polymers play a crucial role in sustaining life and allowing organisms to adapt to their environments by performing key biological functions such as molecular recognition and transmission of genetic information. In general, the synthetic and natural polymer worlds are completely separated due to the inability for synthetic polymers to perform specific biological functions; in some cases, synthetic polymers cause uncontrolled and unwanted biological responses. However, owing to the advancement of synthetic polymerization techniques in recent years, new synthetic polymers have emerged that provide specific biological functions such as targeted molecular recognition of peptides, or present antiviral, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. In this review, the emergence of this generation of bioactive synthetic polymers and their bioapplications are summarized. Finally, the future opportunities in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenward Jung
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Edgar H H Wong
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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25
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Wang Z, Zhou Y, Chen M. Computer‐Aided
Living Polymerization Conducted under
Continuous‐Flow
Conditions
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Mao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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26
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Wang HS, Parkatzidis K, Harrisson S, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Controlling dispersity in aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization: rapid and quantitative synthesis of one-pot block copolymers. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14376-14382. [PMID: 34880988 PMCID: PMC8580105 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04241f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The dispersity (Đ) of a polymer is a key parameter in material design, and variations in Đ can have a strong influence on fundamental polymer properties. Despite its importance, current polymerization strategies to control Đ operate exclusively in organic media and are limited by slow polymerization rates, moderate conversions, significant loss of initiator efficiency and lack of dispersity control in block copolymers. Here, we demonstrate a rapid and quantitative method to tailor Đ of both homo and block copolymers in aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization. By using excess ligand to regulate the dissociation of bromide ions from the copper deactivator complexes, a wide range of monomodal molecular weight distributions (1.08 < Đ < 1.60) can be obtained within 10 min while achieving very high monomer conversions (∼99%). Despite the high conversions and the broad molecular weight distributions, very high end-group fidelity is maintained as exemplified by the ability to synthesize in situ diblock copolymers with absolute control over the dispersity of either block (e.g. low Đ → high Đ, high Đ → high Đ, high Đ → low Đ). The potential of our approach is further highlighted by the synthesis of complex pentablock and decablock copolymers without any need for purification between the iterative block formation steps. Other benefits of our methodology include the possibility to control Đ without affecting the M n, the interesting mechanistic concept that sheds light onto aqueous polymerizations and the capability to operate in the presence of air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Suk Wang
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Kostas Parkatzidis
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Simon Harrisson
- LCPO, ENSCBP/CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, UMR5629 Pessac France
| | - Nghia P Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich Switzerland
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27
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Shimizu T, Truong NP, Whitfield R, Anastasaki A. Tuning Ligand Concentration in Cu(0)-RDRP: A Simple Approach to Control Polymer Dispersity. ACS POLYMERS AU 2021; 1:187-195. [PMID: 34901951 PMCID: PMC8662723 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cu(0)-reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) is a versatile polymerization tool, providing rapid access to well-defined polymers while utilizing mild reaction conditions and low catalyst loadings. However, thus far, this method has not been applied to tailor dispersity, a key parameter that determines the physical properties and applications of polymeric materials. Here, we report a simple to perform method, whereby Cu(0)-RDRP can systematically control polymer dispersity (Đ = 1.07-1.72), while maintaining monomodal molecular weight distributions. By varying the ligand concentration, we could effectively regulate the rates of initiation and deactivation, resulting in polymers of various dispersities. Importantly, both low and high dispersity PMA possess high end-group fidelity, as evidenced by MALDI-ToF-MS, allowing for a range of block copolymers to be prepared with different dispersity configurations. The scope of our method can also be extended to include inexpensive ligands (i.e., PMDETA), which also facilitated the polymerization of lower propagation rate constant monomers (i.e., styrene) and the in situ synthesis of block copolymers. This work significantly expands the toolbox of RDRP methods for tailoring dispersity in polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Shimizu
- Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland,Science
& Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical
Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku,
Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland,
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland,
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28
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Yin R, Wang Z, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K. Tuning dispersity of linear polymers and polymeric brushes grown from nanoparticles by atom transfer radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular weight distribution imposes considerable influence on the properties of polymers, making it an important parameter, impacting morphology and structural behavior of polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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29
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Parkatzidis K, Rolland M, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Tailoring polymer dispersity by mixing ATRP initiators. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01044a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a simple batch method to control polymer dispersity using a mixture of two ATRP initiators with different reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Parkatzidis
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Manon Rolland
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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30
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Nwoko T, De Alwis Watuthanthrige N, Parnitzke B, Yehl K, Konkolewicz D. Tuning the molecular weight distributions of vinylketone-based polymers using RAFT photopolymerization and UV photodegradation. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01129d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The choice and mixture of chain transfer agent in reversible addition/fragmentation chain transfer polymerization has been used to modulate the dispersity and architecture of vinyl ketone polymers and their copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tochukwu Nwoko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, OH, USA
| | | | - Bryan Parnitzke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Kevin Yehl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, OH, USA
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