1
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Dong X, Xie X, Shen S, Qin Y, Pang Z, Lv X, Wang Y. Highly Efficient, Low-Roll-Off, Red, "Hot Exciton" Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Promoted by the Heavy-Atom Effect of Selenium. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:9239-9246. [PMID: 39226390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
It is important to attain red hot exciton materials applicable in highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes with low-efficiency roll-off, but their development is restricted by the energy gap law. Herein, the sulfur atom was replaced by a heavier selenium atom based on benzothiadiazole to obtain a new benzoselenadiazole acceptor with a heavy atom effect and stronger electron-withdrawing ability. Two novel red hot exciton materials named BSe-DtBuTPA and BSe-2PhCz-d24 were designed and synthesized based on the benzoselenadiazole unit. Benefiting from the heavy-atom effect of selenium and the small ΔES1T2, both emitters exhibited ultrafast high-lying reverse intersystem crossing rate constants (7.00 × 107 and 1.17 × 107 s-1). The devices based on BSe-DtBuTPA and BSe-2PhCz-d24 demonstrated maximum external quantum efficiencies of 4.81 and 7.15% with emission peaks at 653 and 596 nm, respectively. The device based on deep-red BSe-DtBuTPA exhibited negligible efficiency roll-off of 18.5% at 10000 cd/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaogang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Pang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Zhong R, Wang M, Wang X, Wang S, Shao S, Wang L. 10-Dibenzothiophenyl-9,9-diphenylacridane-based multiple resonance emitters for high-efficiency narrowband green OLEDs with CIE y > 0.7 at high doping concentrations. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13290-13298. [PMID: 39183913 PMCID: PMC11340009 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03705g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple resonance emitters are attractive for high-color-purity organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) because of their unique narrowband emissions; however, they are typically used at low doping concentrations (≤15 wt%) due to aggregation-caused quenching and spectral broadening induced by planar molecular skeletons. Here, we report two multiple resonance emitters (BThPAc-1 and BThPAc-2) consisting of a 10-dibenzothiophenyl-9,9-diphenylacridane segment for efficient narrowband green emission at high doping concentrations. The dibenzothiophenyl-9,9-diphenylacridane segment contains two carbon-bridged phenyl rings as steric groups to inhibit intermolecular aggregation and a dibenzothiophene unit to extend conjugation and red-shift the emission to the green region. The resultant emitters exhibit narrowband emissions that peaked at 509-510 nm with a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 32 nm in 1 wt% doping films, which are maintained at less than 35 nm even in neat films. Remarkably, OLEDs employing the emitters reveal pure-green electroluminescence with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 20.3% and CIE coordinates of (0.18, 0.72) at 30 wt% doping concentration, which represents the best color coordinates for green multiple resonance OLEDs at high doping concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Shumeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Shiyang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University Haikou Hainan 570228 China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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3
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Öner S, Kuila S, Stavrou K, Danos A, Fox MA, Monkman AP, Bryce MR. Exciplex, Not Heavy-Atom Effect, Controls the Triplet Dynamics of a Series of Sulfur-Containing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:7135-7150. [PMID: 39156711 PMCID: PMC11325549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in organic materials relies on rapid intersystem crossing rates and fast conversion of triplet (T) excitons into a singlet (S) state. Heavy atoms such as sulfur or selenium are now frequently incorporated into TADF molecular structures to enhance these properties by increased spin-orbit coupling [spin orbit coupling (SOC)] between the T and S states. Here a series of donor-acceptor (D-A) molecules based on 12H-benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-a]carbazole and dicyanopyridine is compared with their nonsulfur control molecules designed to probe such SOC effects. We reveal that unexpected intermolecular interactions of the D-A molecules with carbazole-containing host materials instead serve as the dominant pathway for triplet decay kinetics in these materials. In-depth photophysical and computational studies combined with organic light emitting diode measurements demonstrate that the anticipated heavy-atom effect from sulfur is overshadowed by exciplex formation. Indeed, even the unsubstituted acceptor fragments exhibit pronounced TADF exciplex emission in appropriate carbazole hosts. The intermolecular charge transfer and TADF in these systems are further confirmed by detailed time-dependent density functional theory studies. This work demonstrates that anticipated heavy-atom effects in TADF emitters do not always control or even impact the photophysical and electroluminescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Öner
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Suman Kuila
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Kleitos Stavrou
- Department
of Physics, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Andrew Danos
- Department
of Physics, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Mark A. Fox
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Andrew P. Monkman
- Department
of Physics, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
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4
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Liu H, Liu Y, Chen G, Meng Y, Peng H, Miao J, Yang C. Nonplanar structure accelerates reverse intersystem crossing of TADF emitters: nearly 40% EQE and relieved efficiency roll off. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12598-12605. [PMID: 39118617 PMCID: PMC11304530 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03111c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploring strategies to enhance reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) is of great significance to develop efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) molecules. In this study, we investigate the substantial impact of nonplanar structure on improving the rate of RISC (k RISC). Three emitters based on spiroacridine donors are developed to evaluate this hypothesis. All molecules exhibit high photoluminescent quantum yields (PLQYs) of 96-98% due to their rigid donor and acceptor. Leveraging the synergistic effects of heavy element effect and nonplanar geometry, S2-TRZ exhibits an accelerated k RISC of 24.2 × 105 s-1 compared to the 11.1 × 105 s-1 of S1-TRZ, which solely incorporates heavy atoms. Additionally, O1-TRZ possesses a further lower k RISC of 9.42 × 105 s-1 because of the absence of these effects. Remarkably, owing to the high PLQYs and suitable TADF behaviors, devices based on these emitters exhibit state-of-the-art performance, including a maximum external quantum efficiency of up to 40.1% and maximum current efficiency of 124.7 cd A-1. More importantly, devices utilizing S2-TRZ as an emitter achieve a relieved efficiency roll-off of only 7% under 1000 cd m-2, in contrast to the 12% for O1-TRZ and 11% for S1-TRZ, respectively. These findings advance our fundamental understanding of TADF processes for high-performance electroluminescent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Guohao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Yuan Meng
- National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Hao Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
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5
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Wang X, Tan X, Jian J, Zheng X, Zhao J, Huang J. O-B(F)←N Functionalized Copolymers with Delayed Fluorescence and P-Type Semiconducting Characteristics. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2400189. [PMID: 38748845 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers with integrating properties of delayed fluorescence and photovoltaic responses simultaneously are scarcely reported due to the generally contradictory requirements for molecular structures to achieve the two properties. Herein, an O-B(F)←N functionalized fused unit (M) with multiple resonance features, small energy gap between lowest singlet excited state (S1) and triplet excited state (T1) (ΔEST = 0.23 eV), and delayed fluorescence (τD = 0.75 µs), is designed. Selecting three benzodithiophene (BDT) derivatives as co-units to copolymerize with M, leading to a series of O-B(F)←N embedded polymers also maintaining delayed fluorescence (τD = 0.4-0.5 µs). Moreover, p-type semiconductor characteristics are tested for these polymers with hole mobilities in the range of 10-6-10-5 cm2/Vs. Devices with obviously photovoltaic responses are prepared using these polymers as donors and Y6 as the acceptor, affording a preliminary efficiency of 5.05%. This work successfully demonstrates an effective strategy to design conjugated polymers with integrating properties of delayed fluorescence and photovoltaic performance simultaneously by introducing O-B(F)←N functional groups to polymer backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xueyan Tan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Junyang Jian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xueqiong Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jinying Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
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6
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Li L, Li J, Guo L, Xu Y, Bi Y, Pu Y, Zheng P, Chen XK, Wang Y, Li C. A multi-resonance emitter with five-membered thiophene as the π-core enables efficient, narrowband and reduced efficiency roll-off OLEDs. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11435-11443. [PMID: 39055010 PMCID: PMC11268511 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02899f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient, narrowband multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters have recently sparked significant interest in high-resolution organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. However, almost all the progress in MR-TADF materials has been accomplished using a six-membered ring as the π-core to date. Herein, we present the first example of a five-membered ring π-core-based MR-TADF emitter named Th-BN developed by introducing thiophene instead of hexagonal benzene as the π-core. The introduction of thiophene significantly enhances intramolecular charge transfer intensity and the spin-orbit coupling matrix elements but does not change the intrinsic MR properties. As a result, Th-BN exhibits a narrowband green emission at 512 nm, with a high luminous efficiency of 97%, a narrow full-width at half maximum of 41 nm/0.20 eV, and a rapid reverse intersystem crossing rate of 18.7 × 104 s-1, which is 10 times higher than that of its benzenoid counterpart DtBuCzB. The corresponding green OLEDs based on Th-BN achieve excellent electroluminescence performance with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 34.6% and a reduced efficiency roll-off with an EQE of 26.8% at a high luminance of 1000 cd m-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Lixiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yincai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yifan Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yexuan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Pingping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Xian-Kai Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
- Jihua Laboratory 28 Huandao South Road Foshan 528200 Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Chenglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University Chongqing 401120 P. R. China
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7
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Xing L, Wang J, Chen WC, Liu B, Chen G, Wang X, Tan JH, Chen SS, Chen JX, Ji S, Zhao Z, Tang MC, Huo Y. Highly efficient pure-blue organic light-emitting diodes based on rationally designed heterocyclic phenophosphazinine-containing emitters. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6175. [PMID: 39039042 PMCID: PMC11263564 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorophores have been actively studied for high-resolution photonic applications due to their exceptional color purity. However, these compounds encounter challenges associated with the inefficient spin-flip process, compromising device performance. Herein, we report two pure-blue emitters based on an organoboron multi-resonance core, incorporating a conformationally flexible donor, 10-phenyl-5H-phenophosphazinine 10-oxide (or sulfide). This design concept selectively modifies the orbital type of high-lying excited states to a charge transfer configuration while simultaneously providing the necessary conformational freedom to enhance the density of excited states without sacrificing color purity. We show that the different embedded phosphorus motifs (phosphine oxide/sulfide) of the donor can finely tune the electronic structure and conformational freedom, resulting in an accelerated spin-flip process through intense spin-vibronic coupling, achieving over a 20-fold increase in the reverse intersystem crossing rate compared to the parent multi-resonance emitter. Utilizing these emitters, we achieve high-performance pure-blue organic light-emitting diodes, showcasing a top-tier external quantum efficiency of 37.6% with reduced efficiency roll-offs. This proposed strategy not only challenges the conventional notion that flexible electron-donors are undesirable for constructing narrowband emitters but also offer a pathway for designing efficient narrow-spectrum blue organic light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjiang Xing
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cheng Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, 515200, Jieyang, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Hua Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Season Si Chen
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xiong Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, 515200, Jieyang, P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, 515200, Jieyang, P. R. China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Man-Chung Tang
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, 515200, Jieyang, P. R. China.
- Analytical & Testing Center, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
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8
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Chen X, Sun L, Sukhanov AA, Doria S, Bussotti L, Zhao J, Xu H, Dick B, Voronkova VK, Di Donato M. Photophysics and photochemistry of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters based on the multiple resonance effect: transient optical and electron paramagnetic resonance studies. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10867-10881. [PMID: 39027280 PMCID: PMC11253189 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02513j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The photochemistry of two representative thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters based on the multiple resonance effect (MRE) (DABNA-1 and DtBuCzB) was studied. No significant TADF was observed in fluid solution, although the compounds have a long-lived triplet state (ca. 30 μs). We found that these planar boron molecules bind with Lewis bases, e.g., 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) or an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC). A new blue-shifted absorption band centered at 368 nm was observed for DtBuCzB upon formation of the adduct; however, the fluorescence of the adduct is the same as that of the free DtBuCzB. We propose that photo-dissociation occurs for the DtBuCzB-DMAP adduct, which is confirmed by femtosecond transient absorption spectra, implying that fluorescence originates from DtBuCzB produced by photo-dissociation; the subsequent in situ re-binding was observed with nanosecdon transient absorption spectroscopy. No photo-dissociation was observed for the NHC adduct. Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectra show that the triplet states of DABNA-1 and DtBuCzB have similar zero field splitting (ZFS) parameters (D = 1450 MHz). Theoretical studies show that the slow ISC is due to small SOC and weak Herzberg-Teller coupling, although the S1/T1 energy gap is small (0.14 eV), which rationalizes the lack of TADF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453002 China
| | - Andrey A Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Kazan 420029 Russia
| | - Sandra Doria
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) Via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
- ICCOM-CNR Via Madonna del Piano 10-12 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
| | - Laura Bussotti
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) Via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Haijun Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453002 China
| | - Bernhard Dick
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg Regensburg 93053 Germany
| | - Violeta K Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Kazan 420029 Russia
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) Via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
- ICCOM-CNR Via Madonna del Piano 10-12 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
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9
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Wang Y, Lv ZY, Chen ZX, Xing S, Huo ZZ, Hong XF, Yuan L, Li W, Zheng YX. Multiple-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials based on phosphorus central chirality for efficient circularly polarized electroluminescence. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38990337 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00605d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs) hold great potential for naked-eye 3D displays, necessitating efficient chiral luminescent materials with an optimal CP luminescence (CPL) dissymmetry factor (g). Herein, we present the first chiral multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials containing a phosphorus chiral center by incorporating 5-phenylbenzo[b]phosphindole-5-oxide into the para-position of two MR-TADF cores. The compounds, NBOPO and NBNPO, exhibit photoluminescence peaks at 462 and 498 nm with narrow full-width at half-maximum values of 25 and 24 nm in toluene, respectively. Notably, (R/S)-NBOPO and (R/S)-NBNPO enantiomers display high quantum yields of 87% and 93% and symmetric CPL with |gPL| factors of 1.18 × 10-3 and 4.30 × 10-3, respectively, in doped films. Moreover, the corresponding CP-OLEDs show impressive external quantum efficiencies of 16.4% and 28.3%, along with symmetric CP electroluminescence spectra with |gEL| values of 7.0 × 10-4 and 1.4 × 10-3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Zi-Yi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Zi-Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Shuai Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Zhong-Zhong Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Xian-Fang Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - You-Xuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
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10
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Mamada M, Aoyama A, Uchida R, Ochi J, Oda S, Kondo Y, Kondo M, Hatakeyama T. Efficient Deep-Blue Multiple-Resonance Emitters Based on Azepine-Decorated ν-DABNA for CIE y below 0.06. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402905. [PMID: 38695744 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Ultrapure deep-blue emitters are in high demand for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Although color coordinates serve as straightforward parameters for assessing color purity, precise control over the maximum wavelength and full-width at half-maximum is necessary to optimize OLED performance, including luminance efficiency and luminous efficacy. Multiple-resonance (MR) emitters are promising candidates for achieving ideal luminescence properties; consequently, a wide variety of MR frameworks have been developed. However, most of these emitters experience a wavelength displacement from the ideal color, which limits their practical applicability. Therefore, a molecular design that is compatible with MR emitters for modulating their energy levels and color output is particularly valuable. Here, it is demonstrated that the azepine donor unit induces an appropriate blue-shift in the emission maximum while maintaining efficient MR characteristics, including high photoluminescence quantum yield, narrow emission, and a fast reverse intersystem crossing rate. OLEDs using newly developed MR emitters based on the ν-DABNA framework simultaneously exhibit a high quantum efficiency of ≈30%, luminous efficacy of ≈20 lm W-1, exceptional color purity with Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage coordinates as low as (0.14, 0.06), and notably high operational stability. These results demonstrate unprecedentedly high levels compared with those observed in previously reported deep-blue emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akio Aoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Ryota Uchida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Junki Ochi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Susumu Oda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kondo
- SK JNC Japan Co., Ltd., 5-1 Goi Kaigan, Ichihara, Chiba, 290-8551, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kondo
- JNC Co., Ltd., 5-1 Goi Kaigan, Ichihara, Chiba, 290-8551, Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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11
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Shizu K, Kaji H. Quantitative prediction of rate constants and its application to organic emitters. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4723. [PMID: 38830867 PMCID: PMC11148104 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Many phenomena in nature consist of multiple elementary processes. If we can predict all the rate constants of respective processes quantitatively, we can comprehensively predict and understand various phenomena. Here, we report that it is possible to quantitatively predict all related rate constants and quantum yields without conducting experiments, using multiple-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) as an example. MR-TADFs are excellent emitters because of its narrow emission, high luminescence efficiency, and chemical stability, but they have one drawback: slow reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), leading to efficiency roll-off and reduced device lifetime. Here, we show a quantum chemical calculation method for quantitatively obtaining all the rate constants and quantum yields. This study reveals a strategy to improve RISC without compromising other important factors: radiative decay rate constants, photoluminescence quantum yields, and emission linewidths. Our method can be applied in a wide range of research fields, providing comprehensive understanding of the mechanism including the time evolution of excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Shizu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hironori Kaji
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
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12
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Kang S, Kim T. Comparative study of TDDFT and TDDFT-based STEOM-DLPNO-CCSD calculations for predicting the excited-state properties of MR-TADF. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30926. [PMID: 38779014 PMCID: PMC11109791 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and TDDFT/similarity transformed EOM domain-based local pair natural orbital CCSD (STEOM-DLPNO-CCSD) calculations were explored to estimate their validity in predicting the excited-state properties of multi-resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials. Obviously, it was demonstrated that TDDFT calculation is inadequate to provide the quantitative prediction of the lowest singlet excited-state (S1), the lowest triplet excited-state (T1), and ΔEST. On the other hand, TDDFT/STEOM-DNLPNO-CCSD calculation reveals the superior prediction of S1, T1, and ΔEST that are in quantitative agreement with experiments. More importantly, it was found that TD-LC-⎤ * HPBE/STEOM-DLPNO-CCSD calculation provides the most accurate prediction of S1, T1, and ΔEST. Accordingly, we suggest that TD-LC-⎤ * HPBE/STEOM-DLPNO-CCSD calculation should be utilized to compute the excited-states properties of MR-TADF materials accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunwoo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea
| | - Taekyung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Sejongsi, 30016, South Korea
- Department of Information Display Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, South Korea
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13
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Park JY, Lee S, Bi JC, Lee JS, Hwang YH, Kang B, Seok J, Park S, Lim D, Park YW, Ju BK. Selective Enhancement of Viewing Angle Characteristics and Light Extraction Efficiency of Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light-Emitting Diodes through an Easily Tailorable Si 3N 4 Nanofiber Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27566-27575. [PMID: 38743438 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
We selectively improved the viewing angle characteristics and light extraction efficiency of blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by tailoring a nanofiber-shaped Si3N4 layer, which was used as an internal scattering layer. The diameter of the polymer nanofibers changed according to the mass ratio of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in the polymer solution for electrospinning. The Si3N4 nanofiber (SNF) structure was fabricated by etching an Si3N4 film using the PAN/PMMA nanofiber as a mask, making it easier to adjust parameters, such as the diameter, open ratio, and height, even though the SNF structure was randomly shaped. The SNF structures exhibited lower transmittance and higher haze with increasing diameter, showing little correlation with their height. However, all the structures demonstrated a total transmittance of over 80%. Finally, by applying the SNF structures to the blue TADF OLEDs, the external quantum efficiency was increased by 15.6%. In addition, the current and power efficiencies were enhanced by 23.0% and 25.6%, respectively. The internal light-extracting SNF structure also exhibited a synergistic effect with the external light-extracting structure. Furthermore, when the viewing angle changed from 0° to 60°, the peak wavelength and CIE coordinate shift decreased from 20 to 6 nm and from 0.0561 to 0.0243, respectively. These trends were explained by the application of Snell's law to the light path and were ultimately validated through finite-difference time-domain simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Young Park
- Display and Nanosensor Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Lee
- Display and Nanosensor Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian Cheng Bi
- Display and Nanosensor Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sung Lee
- Display and Nanosensor Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Hwang
- Display and Nanosensor Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongwoo Kang
- Display and Nanosensor Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Seok
- Display and Nanosensor Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Park
- Display and Nanosensor Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dogi Lim
- Display and Nanosensor Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Display Co., 1, Samsung-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Park
- Department of Semiconductor and Display Engineering, Sun Moon University Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Kwon Ju
- Display and Nanosensor Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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14
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Yin Y, Lai X, Ma Q, Ma H, Zhu W, Lee JY, Wang Y. HLCT-Type Acceptor Molecule-Based Exciplex System for Highly Efficient Solution-Processable OLEDs with Suppressed Efficiency Roll-Offs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313656. [PMID: 38315898 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Exciplex systems are promising candidates for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules because of the small energy difference between the lowest singlet and triplet excited states (ΔEST). However, realizing high-efficiency and low-external-quantum-efficiency (EQE) roll-off in solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using an exciplex system remains a formidable challenge. In this study, two (HLCT)-type isomers with a spiro skeleton, 2-tBuspoCz-TRZ and 10-tBuspoCz-TRZ, are designed and synthesized as acceptors of exciplexes, where tert-butylspirofluorene indole is regarded as a donor and the triazine unit as an acceptor. Green exciplex emissions are observed for the 2-tBuspoCz-TRZ:TAPC and 10-tBuspoCz-TRZ:TAPC exciplexes, indicating distinct TADF characteristics with a very small ΔEST of 35 ± 5 meV. By using the TADF exciplex system based on the HLCT acceptor as an emitter, solution-processable OLEDs achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 20.8%. Furthermore, a high EQEmax > 25% with a very low-efficiency roll-off (≈3.5% at 1000 cd m-2) is obtained for solution-processable phosphorescent devices using HLCT-based exciplexes as the host matrix of phosphors. This study paves the way for a novel strategy for designing acceptor exciplex molecules for effective TADF molecules and host matrices in solution-processable OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Yin
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Lai
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Qian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yeob Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Yafei Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
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15
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Ochi J, Yamasaki Y, Tanaka K, Kondo Y, Isayama K, Oda S, Kondo M, Hatakeyama T. Highly efficient multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence material toward a BT.2020 deep-blue emitter. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2361. [PMID: 38565868 PMCID: PMC10987657 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
An ultrapure deep-blue multi-resonance-induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence material (DOB2-DABNA-A) is designed and synthesized. Benefiting from a fully resonating extended helical π-conjugated system, this compound has a small ΔEST value of 3.6 meV and sufficient spin-orbit coupling to exhibit a high-rate constant for reverse intersystem crossing (kRISC = 1.1 × 106 s-1). Furthermore, an organic light-emitting diode employing DOB2-DABNA-A as an emitter is fabricated; it exhibits ultrapure deep-blue emission at 452 nm with a small full width at half maximum of 24 nm, corresponding to Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.145, 0.049). The high kRISC value reduces the efficiency roll-off, resulting in a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.6% at 1000 cd m-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Ochi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kojiro Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kondo
- SK JNC Japan Co., Ltd., 5-1 Goi Kaigan, Ichihara, Chiba, 290-8551, Japan
| | - Kohei Isayama
- SK JNC Japan Co., Ltd., 5-1 Goi Kaigan, Ichihara, Chiba, 290-8551, Japan
| | - Susumu Oda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8585, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kondo
- JNC Co., Ltd., 5-1 Goi Kaigan, Ichihara, Chiba, 290-8551, Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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16
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Keshri SK, Liu G, Yasuda T. Ultrafast spin-flip exciton conversion and narrowband sky-blue luminescence in a fused polycyclic selenaborin emitter. Front Chem 2024; 12:1375552. [PMID: 38591057 PMCID: PMC10999597 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1375552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with high photoluminescence quantum yields and fast reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) capabilities are highly desirable for applications in high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes. Herein, we report the synthesis as well as structural and photophysical properties of 5,9-diselena-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene (SeBSe) as a narrowband-emissive TADF material. The incorporation of two selenium atoms into the boron-fused pentacyclic π-core results in a small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔE ST) and thereby significant TADF properties. Moreover, theoretical calculations revealed a noticeable spin-orbit coupling enhancement between the singlet and triplet manifolds in SeBSe by virtue of the heavy-atom effect of selenium atoms. Consequently, SeBSe allows ultrafast spin-flip RISC with the rate constant surpassing 108 s-1, which far exceeds the corresponding fluorescence radiative decay rate (∼106 s-1), enabling an ideal singlet-triplet superimposed excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guanting Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuma Yasuda
- Institute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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17
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Song J, Lv X, Gu J, Yam C, Meng L. Designing thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters with through-space charge transfer: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6420-6428. [PMID: 38317611 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05495k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Recently, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules with through-space charge transfer (TSCT) features have been widely applied in developing organic light-emitting diodes with high luminescence efficiencies. The performance of TSCT-TADF molecules depends highly on their molecular structures. Therefore, theoretical investigation plays a significant role in designing novel highly efficient TSCT-TADF molecules. Herein, we theoretically investigate two recently reported TSCT-TADF molecules, 1'-(2,12-di-t-butyl[1,4]benzoxaborinino[2,3,4-kl]phenoxaborinin-7-yl)-10-phenyl-10H-spiro[acridine-9,9'-fluorene] (AC-BO) and 1-(2,12-di-t-butyl[1,4]benzoxaborinino[2,3,4-kl]phenoxaborinin-7-yl)-9',9'-dimethyl-9'H-spiro [fluorene-9,5'-quinolino[3,2,1-de]acridine](QAC-BO). The calculated photophysical properties (e.g. excited state energy levels and luminescence properties) for these two compounds are in good agreement with experimental data. Based on the systematic analysis of structure-performance relationships, we design three novel TSCT-TADF molecules with high molecular rigidity and evident TSCT features, i.e., DQAC-DBO, DQAC-SBO, and DQAC-NBO. They exhibit deep-blue light emissions and fast reverse intersystem crossing rates (KRISCs). Our calculations demonstrate that the nearly coplanar orientation of the donor and acceptor is critical to achieve remarkable KRISCs and fluorescence efficiencies in TSCT-TADF molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China.
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China.
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Junjing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - ChiYung Yam
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Lingyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China.
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
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18
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Karak P, Moitra T, Banerjee A, Ruud K, Chakrabarti S. Accidental triplet harvesting in donor-acceptor dyads with low spin-orbit coupling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5344-5355. [PMID: 38268441 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04904c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
We present an accidental mechanism for efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) between singlet and triplet states with low spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in molecules having donor-acceptor (D-A) moieties separated by a Sigma bond. Our study shows that SOC between the lowest singlet excited state and the higher-lying triplet states, together with nuclear motion-driven coupling of this triplet state with lower-lying triplet states during the free rotation about a Sigma bond, is one of the possible ways to achieve the experimentally observed ISC rate for a class of D-A type photoredox catalysts. This mechanism is found to be the dominant contributor to the ISC process with the corresponding rate reaching a maximum at a dihedral angle in the range of 72°-78° between the D-A moieties of 10-(naphthalen-1-yl)-3,7-diphenyl-10H-phenoxazine and other molecules included in the study. We have further demonstrated that the same mechanism is operative in a specific spirobis[anthracene]dione molecule, where the D and A moieties are interlocked near to the optimal dihedral angle, indicating the plausible effectiveness of the proposed mechanism. The present finding is expected to have implications in strategies for the synthesis of new generations of triplet-harvesting organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijush Karak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C Road, Kolkata - 700009, West Bengal, India.
| | - Torsha Moitra
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Ambar Banerjee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, X-ray Photon Science, Uppsala University, Ångströmlaboratoriet, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kenneth Ruud
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, P.O.Box 25, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Swapan Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C Road, Kolkata - 700009, West Bengal, India.
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19
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Mamada M, Hayakawa M, Ochi J, Hatakeyama T. Organoboron-based multiple-resonance emitters: synthesis, structure-property correlations, and prospects. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1624-1692. [PMID: 38168795 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Boron-based multiple-resonance (MR) emitters exhibit the advantages of narrowband emission, high absolute photoluminescence quantum yield, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), and sufficient stability during the operation of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Thus, such MR emitters have been widely applied as blue emitters in triplet-triplet-annihilation-driven fluorescent devices used in smartphones and televisions. Moreover, they hold great promise as TADF or terminal emitters in TADF-assisted fluorescence or phosphor-sensitised fluorescent OLEDs. Herein we comprehensively review organoboron-based MR emitters based on their synthetic strategies, clarify structure-photophysical property correlations, and provide design guidelines and future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Hayakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Junki Ochi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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20
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Cheng YC, Tang X, Wang K, Xiong X, Fan XC, Luo S, Walia R, Xie Y, Zhang T, Zhang D, Yu J, Chen XK, Adachi C, Zhang XH. Efficient, narrow-band, and stable electroluminescence from organoboron-nitrogen-carbonyl emitter. Nat Commun 2024; 15:731. [PMID: 38272899 PMCID: PMC10810797 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) exploiting simple binary emissive layers (EMLs) blending only emitters and hosts have natural advantages in low-cost commercialization. However, previously reported OLEDs based on binary EMLs hardly simultaneously achieved desired comprehensive performances, e.g., high efficiency, low efficiency roll-off, narrow emission bands, and high operation stability. Here, we report a molecular-design strategy. Such a strategy leads to a fast reverse intersystem crossing rate in our designed emitter h-BNCO-1 of 1.79×105 s-1. An OLED exploiting a binary EML with h-BNCO-1 achieves ultrapure emission, a maximum external quantum efficiency of over 40% and a mild roll-off of 14% at 1000 cd·m-2. Moreover, h-BNCO-1 also exhibits promising operational stability in an alternative OLED exploiting a compact binary EML (the lifetime reaching 95% of the initial luminance at 1000 cd m-2 is ~ 137 h). Here, our work has thus provided a molecular-design strategy for OLEDs with promising comprehensive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Xun Tang
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xin Xiong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Xiao-Chun Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Shulin Luo
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Rajat Walia
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Yue Xie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Jia Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xian-Kai Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
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21
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Ye K, Li G, Li F, Shi C, Jiang Z, Zhang F, Li Q, Su J, Song D, Yuan A. B-embedded disulfide-bridged π-conjugated compounds: structures and optical tuning. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2395-2401. [PMID: 38168797 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05304k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Two novel B-embedded disulfide-bridged π-conjugated compounds (BS-CZ and BS-N) bearing different electron donor groups (phenyl carbazole and triphenylamine) have been prepared and show different optical mechanisms. The compound BS-CZ exhibits significant multiple resonance thermal activation delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) properties with a small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST = 0.16 eV) and a narrow half-peak full width (FWHM = 33 nm), while the compound BS-N shows traditional fluorescence luminescence (FL) characteristics with a larger ΔEST (0.28 eV) and FWHM (57 nm). Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations show that the lowest excited singlet state (S1) of the compound BS-CZ exhibits local excited (LE) state characteristics, while the charge transfer (CT) state characteristics can be found in S1 of the compound BS-N. Considering good optical performance, the compound BS-CZ is used as an emitting layer of the organic light-emitting diode device and achieved saturated blue emission (473 nm) with a narrow FWHM (39 nm), and CIE color coordinates of (0.12, 0.21). This work provides an important strategy for the optical mechanism regulation and photoelectric applications of B-embedded disulfide-bridged π-conjugated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaishun Ye
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Gang Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
- CSMC Technologies Fab2 Co., Ltd, Wuxi, 214028, China
| | - Feiyang Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Chao Shi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Zhen Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Fuzheng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Qiuxia Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Jie Su
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Dandan Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China.
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Aihua Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
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22
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Avula S, Jhun BH, Jo U, Heo S, Lee JY, You Y. Achieving Long-Wavelength Electroluminescence Using Two-Coordinate Gold(I) Complexes: Overcoming the Energy Gap Law. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305745. [PMID: 37953418 PMCID: PMC10767458 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-coordinate coinage metal complexes have emerged as promising emitters for highly efficient organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). However, achieving efficient long-wavelength electroluminescence emission from these complexes remains as a daunting challenge. To address this challenge, molecular design strategies aimed at bolstering the photoluminescence quantum yield (Φ) of Au(I) complex emitters in low-energy emission regions are investigated. By varying amido ligands, a series of two-coordinate Au(I) complexes is developed that exhibit photoluminescence peak wavelengths over a broad range of 533-750 nm. These complexes, in particular, maintain Φ values up to 10% even in the near-infrared emission region, overcoming the constraints imposed by an energy gap. Quantum chemical calculations and photophysical analyses reveal the action of radiative control, which serves to overcome the energy gap law, becomes more pronounced as the overlap between hole and electron distributions (Sr (r)) in the excited state increases. It is further elucidated that Sr (r) increases with the distance between the hole-distribution centroid and the nitrogen atom in an amido ligand. Finally, multilayer OLEDs involving the Au(I) complex emitters exhibit performances beyond the borderline of the electroluminescence wavelength-external quantum efficiency space set by previous devices of coinage metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivas Avula
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hak Jhun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Unhyeok Jo
- School of Chemical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
| | - Seunga Heo
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceEwha Womans UniversitySeoul03760Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeob Lee
- School of Chemical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin You
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
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23
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Luo S, Wang J, Li N, Song XF, Wan X, Li K, Yang C. Regulation of Multiple Resonance Delayed Fluorescence via Through-Space Charge Transfer Excited State towards High-Efficiency and Stable Narrowband Electroluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310943. [PMID: 37851366 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
B- and N-embedded multiple resonance (MR) type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters usually suffer from slow reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process and aggregation-caused emission quenching. Here, we report the design of a sandwich structure by placing the B-N MR core between two electron-donating moieties, inducing through-space charge transfer (TSCT) states. The proper adjusting of the energy levels brings about a 10-fold higher RISC rate in comparison with the parent B-N molecule. In the meantime, a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 91 % and a good color purity were maintained. Organic light-emitting diodes based on the new MR emitter achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency of 31.7 % and small roll-offs at high brightness. High device efficiencies were also obtained for a wide range of doping concentrations of up to 20 wt % thanks to the steric shielding of the B-N core. A good operational stability with LT95 of 85.2 h has also been revealed. The dual steric and electronic effects resulting from the introduction of a TSCT state offer an effective molecular design to address the critical challenges of MR-TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Nengquan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Fang Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Xintong Wan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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24
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Hou P, Xu Y, Miao J, Zhu M, Liu H. Naphthalene-Embedded Multi-Resonance Emitters Enabling Efficient Narrow Emissive Blue OLEDs. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301931. [PMID: 37423895 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Great achievements have been made in the development of organic light-emitting diodes in recent decades. However, achieving high color purity for blue emitters remains a challenge. In this study, we have designed and synthesized three naphthalene (NA)-embedded multi-resonance (MR) emitters, named SNA, SNB and SNB1, based on N-B-O frameworks with isomer variations for finely adjusting the photophysical properties. These emitters show tunable blue emission with emission peaks of 450-470 nm. Small full width of half maximum (FWHM) of 25-29 nm are achieved in these emitters, indicating the well maintaining of molecular rigidity and MR effect with NA extension. Such design also ensures a fast radiative decay. However, no obvious delayed fluorescence is observed in all three emitters due to the relatively large energy differences between the first singlet and triplet excited states. Both SNA and SNB enable high electroluminescent (EL) performance in doped devices with external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.2 and 7.9 %, respectively. When applying the sensitized strategy, devices based on SNA and SNB show huge improvement with EQE of 29.3 and 29.1 %. More importantly, SNB with twist geometry enables stable EL spectra with almost unchanged FWHM under different doping concentrations. This work demonstrates the potential of NA extension design in constructing narrowband emissive blue emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijie Hou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Minrong Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - He Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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25
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Kohata S, Nakanotani H, Chitose Y, Yasuda T, Tsuchiya Y, Adachi C. Anti-Stokes Luminescence in Multi-Resonance-Type Thermally-Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312326. [PMID: 37726257 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Photon-upconversion in organic molecular systems is one of the promising technologies for future energy harvesting systems because these systems can generate excitons that possess higher energy than excitation energy. The photon-upconversion caused by absorbing ambient heat as additional energy is particularly interesting because it could ideally provide a light-driving cooling system. However, only a few organic molecular systems have been reported. Here, we report the anti-Stokes photoluminescence (ASPL) derived from hot-band absorption in a series of multi-resonance-type thermally-activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) molecules. The MR-TADF molecules exhibited an anti-Stokes shift of approximately 0.1 eV with a high PL quantum yield in the solution state. The anti-Stokes shift corresponded well to the 1-0 vibration transition from the ground state to the excited singlet state, and we further evaluated a correlation between the activation energy for the ASPL intensity and the TADF process. Our demonstration underlines that MR-TADF molecules have become a novel class of ASPL materials for various future applications, such as light-driving cooling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kohata
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hajime Nakanotani
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Youhei Chitose
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takuma Yasuda
- Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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26
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Fan X, Hao X, Huang F, Yu J, Wang K, Zhang X. RGB Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes toward Realizing the BT.2020 Standard. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303504. [PMID: 37587784 PMCID: PMC10558656 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
With the surging demand for ultra-high-resolution displays, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) announce the next-generation color gamut standard, named ITU-R Recommendation BT.2020, which not only sets a seductive but challenging milestone for display technologies but also urges researchers to recognize the importance of color coordinates. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are an important display technology in current daily life, but they face challenges in approaching the BT.2020 standard. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have bright prospects in OLEDs because they possess 100% theoretical exciton utilization. Thus, the development of TADF emitters emitting primary red (R), green (R), and blue (B) emission is of great significance. Here, a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in TADF emitters that exhibit Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates surpassing the National Television System Committee (NTSC) and approaching BT.2020 standards is presented. Rational strategies for molecular designs, as well as the resulting photophysical properties and OLED performances, are discussed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for shifting the CIE coordinates of both donor-acceptor and multiple resonance (MR) typed TADF emitters toward the BT.2020 standard. Finally, the challenges in realization of the wide-color-gamut BT.2020 standard and the prospects for this research area are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyao Hao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Feng Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon TechnologiesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon‐Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon TechnologiesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
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27
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Huang Z, Xie H, Miao J, Wei Y, Zou Y, Hua T, Cao X, Yang C. Charge Transfer Excited State Promoted Multiple Resonance Delayed Fluorescence Emitter for High-Performance Narrowband Electroluminescence. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37276361 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters are promising candidates for narrowband organic light-emitting diodes, but their electroluminescent performance is typically hindered by the slow reverse intersystem crossing rate (kRISC). Herein, we present an effective strategy to introduce a multichannel reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) pathway with large spin-orbit coupling by orthogonally linking an electron-donating unit to the MR framework. Through delicate manipulation of the excited-state energy levels, an additional intersegmental charge transfer triplet state could be "silently" induced without perturbing the MR character of the lowest excited singlet state. The proof-of-concept emitter CzBN3 not only affords 23-fold increase of kRISC compared with its prototypical MR skeleton but also realizes close-to-unity photoluminescence quantum yield, large radiative rate constant, and very narrow emission spectrum. These merits enable high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of up to 37.1% and alleviated efficiency roll-off in the sensitizer-free device (EQE1000 = 30.4%), and a further boost of efficiency (EQEmax/1000 = 42.3/34.1%) is realized in the hyperfluorescent device. The state-of-the-art electroluminescent performance validates the superiority of our molecular design strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Honghui Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yaxiong Wei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tao Hua
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaosong Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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28
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Wang X, Wang L, Meng G, Zeng X, Zhang D, Duan L. Improving the stability and color purity of a BT.2020 blue multiresonance emitter by alleviating hydrogen repulsion. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1434. [PMID: 37172084 PMCID: PMC10181185 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Stable deep blue multiresonance emitters with small full width at half maximum (FWHM) are attractive for wide color-gamut organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the steric repulsion from the spatially close hydrogens would twist the multiresonance skeletons, causing spectral broadening and molecular instability issues. Here, we strategically introduce a mesitylboron locking unit into a carbazole-embedded multiresonance model emitter, alleviating the hydrogen repulsions and also strengthening the para-positioned weak carbon-nitrogen bond in anionic states. An emission peaking at 452 nm with an FWHM of merely 14 nm and nearly BT.2020 blue chromaticity coordinates are obtained in toluene, affording a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 33.9% in a sensitizing device. Moreover, an impressive LT97 (time to decay to 97% of the initial luminance) of 178 hours at a constant current density of 12 mA/cm2 was achieved in a stable device with a small y coordinate of 0.057, nearly 20 times longer than the model emitter with even a substantially red-shifted emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guoyun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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29
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Qiu W, Liu D, Li M, Cai X, Chen Z, He Y, Liang B, Peng X, Qiao Z, Chen J, Li W, Pu J, Xie W, Wang Z, Li D, Gan Y, Jiao Y, Gu Q, Su SJ. Confining donor conformation distributions for efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence with fast spin-flipping. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2564. [PMID: 37142564 PMCID: PMC10160101 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38197-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast spin-flipping is the key to exploit the triplet excitons in thermally activated delayed fluorescence based organic light-emitting diodes toward high efficiency, low efficiency roll-off and long operating lifetime. In common donor-acceptor type thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules, the distribution of dihedral angles in the film state would have significant influence on the photo-physical properties, which are usually neglected by researches. Herein, we find that the excited state lifetimes of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters are subjected to conformation distributions in the host-guest system. Acridine-type flexible donors have a broad conformation distribution or bimodal distribution, in which some conformers feature large singlet-triplet energy gap, leading to long excited state lifetime. Utilization of rigid donors with steric hindrance can restrict the conformation distributions in the film to achieve degenerate singlet and triplet states, which is beneficial to efficient reverse intersystem crossing. Based on this principle, three prototype thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters with confined conformation distributions are developed, achieving high reverse intersystem crossing rate constants greater than 106 s-1, which enable highly efficient solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes with suppressed efficiency roll-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Denghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yanmei He
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | | | - Xiaomei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Junrong Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Deli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yiyang Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yihang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Qing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
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30
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Cai X, Xu Y, Pan Y, Li L, Pu Y, Zhuang X, Li C, Wang Y. Solution-Processable Pure-Red Multiple Resonance-induced Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter for Organic Light-Emitting Diode with External Quantum Efficiency over 20 . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216473. [PMID: 36511099 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Developing solution-processable red organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with high color purity and efficiency based on multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) is a formidable challenge. Herein, by introducing auxiliary electron donor and acceptor moieties into the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) distributed positions of multiple resonance skeleton simultaneously, an effective strategy to obtain red MR-TADF emitters was represented. The proof-of-the-concept molecule BN-R exhibits a narrowband pure-red emission at 624 nm, with a high luminous efficiency of 94 % and a narrow bandwidth of 46 nm. Notably, the fabricated solution-processable pure-red OLED based on BN-R exhibits a state-of-the-art external quantum efficiency over 20 % with the Commission Internationale de I'Éclairage coordinates of (0.663, 0.337) and a long operational lifetime (LT50 ) of 1088 hours at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yincai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Pan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Linjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yexuan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xuming Zhuang
- Jihua Laboratory, 28 Huandao South Road, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Chenglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.,Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.,Jihua Laboratory, 28 Huandao South Road, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong Province, P. R. China.,Jihua Hengye Electronic Materials CO. LTD., Foshan, 528200, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
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31
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Wang J, Li N, Zhong C, Miao J, Huang Z, Yu M, Hu YX, Luo S, Zou Y, Li K, Yang C. Metal-Perturbed Multiresonance TADF Emitter Enables High-Efficiency and Ultralow Efficiency Roll-Off Nonsensitized OLEDs with Pure Green Gamut. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208378. [PMID: 36534824 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiresonance (MR)-induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters based on B- and N-embedded polycyclic aromatics are desirable for ultrahigh-definition organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and narrow bandwidth. But the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rates of MR-TADF emitters are usually small, resulting in severe device efficiency roll-off at high brightness. To solve this issue, a sensitizer for the MR-TADF emitter has been required. Herein, a new MR-TADF emitter is developed through coordination of Au with B/N-embedded polycyclic ligand. Benefitting from the Au perturbation, the RISC rate is dramatically accelerated to 2.3 × 107 s-1 , leading to delayed fluorescence lifetime as short as 4.3 µs. Meanwhile, the PLQY of 95% and full width at half maximum of 39 nm (0.18 eV) are essentially unchanged after metal coordination. Therefore, a high PLQY, short delayed fluorescence lifetime, and high color purity are concurrently realized in a single TADF emitter. Accordingly, vacuum-deposited OLEDs exhibit high-performance electroluminescence with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 35.8% without sensitization. The EQE is maintained as high as 32.3% at 10 000 cd m-2 . Furthermore, solution-processed OLED based on the emitter also achieves excellent performance with a maximum EQE of 25.7% and a small efficiency roll-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Nengquan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyan Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Mingxin Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xuan Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Sai Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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32
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Marchi Luciano H, Farias G, Salla CM, Franca LG, Kuila S, Monkman AP, Durola F, Bechtold IH, Bock H, Gallardo H. Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Solution from Thiophene-Bridged Triply Donor-Substituted Tristriazolotriazines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203800. [PMID: 36648938 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Most organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emitters do not show their RTP in solution. Here, we incorporated sulfur-containing thiophene bridges between the donor and acceptor moieties in D3 A-type tristriazolotriazines (TTTs). The thiophene inclusion increased the spin-orbit coupling associated with the radiative T1 →S0 pathway, allowing RTP to be observed in solution for all compounds, likely assisted by protection of the emissive TTT-thiophene core from the environment by the bulky peripheral donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Marchi Luciano
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Université Bordeaux, 115 av. Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Giliandro Farias
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Cristian M Salla
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Suman Kuila
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | | | - Fabien Durola
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, 115 av. Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Ivan H Bechtold
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Harald Bock
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, 115 av. Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Hugo Gallardo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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33
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Incorporation of a Boron-Nitrogen Covalent Bond Improves the Charge-Transport and Charge-Transfer Characteristics of Organoboron Small-Molecule Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020811. [PMID: 36677871 PMCID: PMC9861936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An organoboron small-molecular acceptor (OSMA) MB←N containing a boron-nitrogen coordination bond (B←N) exhibits good light absorption in organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, based on MB←N, OSMA MB-N, with the incorporation of a boron-nitrogen covalent bond (B-N), was designed. We have systematically investigated the charge-transport properties and interfacial charge-transfer characteristics of MB-N, along with MB←N, using the density functional theory (DFT) and the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). Theoretical calculations show that MB-N can simultaneously boost the open-circuit voltage (from 0.78 V to 0.85 V) and the short-circuit current due to its high-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the reduced energy gap. Moreover, its large dipole shortens stacking and greatly enhances electron mobility by up to 5.91 × 10-3 cm2·V-1·s-1. Notably, the excellent interfacial properties of PTB7-Th/MB-N, owing to more charge transfer states generated through the direct excitation process and the intermolecular electric field mechanism, are expected to improve OSCs performance. Together with the excellent properties of MB-N, we demonstrate a new OSMA and develop a new organoboron building block with B-N units. The computations also shed light on the structure-property relationships and provide in-depth theoretical guidance for the application of organoboron photovoltaic materials.
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34
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Cai S, Tong GSM, Du L, So GKM, Hung FF, Lam TL, Cheng G, Xiao H, Chang X, Xu ZX, Che CM. Gold(I) Multi-Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitters for Highly Efficient Ultrapure-Green Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213392. [PMID: 36288083 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Acceleration of singlet-triplet intersystem crossings (ISC) is instrumental in bolstering triplet exciton harvesting of multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent (MR-TADF) emitters. This work describes a simple gold(I) coordination strategy to enhance the spin-orbit coupling of green and blue BN(O)-based MR-TADF emitters, which results in a notable increase in rate constants of the spectroscopically observed ISC process to 3×109 s-1 with nearly unitary ISC quantum yields. Accordingly, the resultant thermally-stable AuI emitters attained large values of delayed fluorescence radiative rate constant up to 1.3×105 /1.7×105 s-1 in THF/PMMA film while preserving narrowband emissions (FWHM=30-37 nm) and high emission quantum yields (ca. 0.9). The vapor-deposited ultrapure-green OLEDs fabricated with these AuI emitters delivered high luminance of up to 2.53×105 cd m-2 as well as external quantum efficiencies of up to 30.3 % with roll-offs as low as 0.8 % and long device lifetimes (LT60 ) of 1210 h at 1000 cd m-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Cai
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Glenna So Ming Tong
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Units 909-915, Building 17W, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Gary Kwok-Ming So
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Faan-Fung Hung
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Units 909-915, Building 17W, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Tsz-Lung Lam
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Units 909-915, Building 17W, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Units 909-915, Building 17W, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Xiang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Units 909-915, Building 17W, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China
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35
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Cao X, Pan K, Miao J, Lv X, Huang Z, Ni F, Yin X, Wei Y, Yang C. Manipulating Exciton Dynamics toward Simultaneous High-Efficiency Narrowband Electroluminescence and Photon Upconversion by a Selenium-Incorporated Multiresonance Delayed Fluorescence Emitter. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22976-22984. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Xialei Lv
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Zhongyan Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Fan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Xiaojun Yin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Yaxiong Wei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu241000, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
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36
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Li Q, Wu Y, Yang Q, Wang S, Shao S, Wang L. Selenium-Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Multiresonance Emitters with Fast Reverse Intersystem Crossing for Narrowband Blue Emission. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:49995-50003. [PMID: 36300933 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two kinds of boron- (B), selenium- (Se), and nitrogen-doped (N) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emitters (Cz-BSeN and DCz-BSeN) with a multiresonance effect are developed for narrowband blue emission by embedding boron as an electron-deficient atom and selenium and nitrogen as electron-donating atoms into a benzo[a]naphtho[1,2,3-hi]aceanthrylene skeleton. It is found that both emitters exhibit strong spin-orbit coupling and fast reverse intersystem crossing (rate constant of 7.5-8.8 × 106 s-1) due to the heavy-atom effect of selenium, which is 2 orders of magnitude faster than its B, N-doped PAH analogue. Meanwhile, compared to parent B, Se, N-doped PAH emitter Cz-BSeN, incorporating carbazole moieties on the para position of the boron atom in DCz-BSeN not only blueshifts the emission by 7 nm without broadening its spectra but also results in an enhanced photoluminescent quantum efficiency of 93% in the doped film. The organic light-emitting diode (OLED) employing DCz-BSeN as emitter revealed narrowband blue emission at 481 nm with a small full-width at half-maximum (fwhm) of 32 nm, as well as a maximum external quantum efficiency of 22.3%, accompanied by alleviated efficiency roll-off compared to its B, N-containing counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yuliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Shumeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Shiyang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
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37
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Kim E, Park J, Jun M, Shin H, Baek J, Kim T, Kim S, Lee J, Ahn H, Sun J, Ko SB, Hwang SH, Lee JY, Chu C, Kim S. Highly efficient and stable deep-blue organic light-emitting diode using phosphor-sensitized thermally activated delayed fluorescence. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq1641. [PMID: 36240272 PMCID: PMC9565789 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorescent and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been developed to overcome the low efficiency of fluorescent OLEDs. However, device instability, originating from triplet excitons and polarons, limits blue OLED applications. Here, we develop a phosphor-sensitized TADF emission system with TADF emitters to achieve high efficiency and long operational lifetime. Peripheral carbazole moieties are introduced in conventional multi-resonance-type emitters containing one boron atom. The triplet exciton density of the TADF emitter is reduced by facilitating reverse intersystem crossing, and the Förster resonant energy transfer rate from phosphor sensitizer is enhanced by high absorption coefficient of the emitters. The emitter exhibited an operational lifetime of 72.9 hours with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage chromaticity coordinate y = 0.165, which was 6.6 times longer than those of devices using conventional TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eungdo Kim
- Materials Research Team, Display Research Center, Samsung Display, Giheung, Gyeonggi 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Junha Park
- Materials Research Team, Display Research Center, Samsung Display, Giheung, Gyeonggi 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mieun Jun
- Materials Research Team, Display Research Center, Samsung Display, Giheung, Gyeonggi 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosup Shin
- Materials Research Team, Display Research Center, Samsung Display, Giheung, Gyeonggi 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangyeol Baek
- Materials Research Team, Display Research Center, Samsung Display, Giheung, Gyeonggi 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeil Kim
- Materials Research Team, Display Research Center, Samsung Display, Giheung, Gyeonggi 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seran Kim
- Materials Research Team, Display Research Center, Samsung Display, Giheung, Gyeonggi 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Materials Research Team, Display Research Center, Samsung Display, Giheung, Gyeonggi 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Heechoon Ahn
- Materials Research Team, Display Research Center, Samsung Display, Giheung, Gyeonggi 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Sun
- Materials Research Team, Display Research Center, Samsung Display, Giheung, Gyeonggi 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Byung Ko
- Materials Research Team, Display Research Center, Samsung Display, Giheung, Gyeonggi 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hwan Hwang
- Materials Research Team, Display Research Center, Samsung Display, Giheung, Gyeonggi 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeob Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwoong Chu
- Materials Research Team, Display Research Center, Samsung Display, Giheung, Gyeonggi 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghan Kim
- Materials Research Team, Display Research Center, Samsung Display, Giheung, Gyeonggi 17113, Republic of Korea
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38
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Liu Y, Xiao X, Huang Z, Yang D, Ma D, Liu J, Lei B, Bin Z, You J. Space‐Confined Donor‐Acceptor Strategy Enables Fast Spin‐Flip of Multiple Resonance Emitters for Suppressing Efficiency Roll‐Off. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210210. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zhenmei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Dongge Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Bowen Lei
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zhengyang Bin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
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39
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Liu Y, Xiao X, Huang Z, Yang D, Ma D, Liu J, Lei B, Bin Z, You J. Space‐Confined Donor‐Acceptor Strategy Enables Fast Spin‐Flip of Multiple Resonance Emitters for Suppressing Efficiency Roll‐Off. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Sichuan University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Xin Xiao
- Sichuan University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Dezhi Yang
- South China University of Technology Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices CHINA
| | - Dongge Ma
- South China University of Technology Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices CHINA
| | - Junjie Liu
- Sichuan University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Bowen Lei
- Sichuan University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Jingsong You
- Sichuan University College of Chemistry 29 Wangjiang Road 610064 Chengdu CHINA
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