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Vanheusden C, Samyn P, Vackier T, Steenackers H, D'Haen J, Peeters R, Buntinx M. Fabrication of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/ZnO Nanocomposite Films for Active Packaging Applications: Impact of ZnO Type on Structure-Property Dynamics. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1861. [PMID: 39000717 PMCID: PMC11243840 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Bio-based and biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have great potential as sustainable packaging materials. The incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) could further improve their functional properties by providing enhanced barrier and antimicrobial properties, although current literature lacks details on how the characteristics of ZnO influence the structure-property relationships in PHA/ZnO nanocomposites. Therefore, commercial ZnO NPs with different morphologies (rod-like, spherical) and silane surface modification are incorporated into poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) via extrusion and compression molding. All ZnO NPs are homogeneously distributed in the PHBHHx matrix at 1, 3 and 5 wt.%, but finer dispersion is achieved with modified ZnO. No chemical interactions between ZnO and PHBHHx are observed due to a lack of hydroxyl groups on ZnO. The fabricated nanocomposite films retain the flexible properties of PHBHHx with minimal impact of ZnO NPs on crystallization kinetics and the degree of crystallinity (53 to 56%). The opacity gradually increases with ZnO loading, while remaining translucent up to 5 wt.% ZnO and providing an effective UV barrier. Improved oxygen barrier and antibacterial effects against S. aureus are dependent on the intrinsic characteristics of ZnO rather than its morphology. We conclude that PHBHHx retains its favorable processing properties while producing nanocomposite films that are suitable as flexible active packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Vanheusden
- Materials and Packaging Research & Services, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 27, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Pieter Samyn
- Department Circular Economy and Renewable Materials, SIRRIS, Gaston Geenslaan 8, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thijs Vackier
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Steenackers
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan D'Haen
- Analytical & Microscopical Services, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Roos Peeters
- Materials and Packaging Research & Services, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 27, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Mieke Buntinx
- Materials and Packaging Research & Services, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 27, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Cherubini F, Riberti N, Schiavone AM, Davì F, Furlani M, Giuliani A, Barucca G, Cassani MC, Rinaldi D, Montalto L. Production of Composite Zinc Oxide-Polylactic Acid Radiopaque Filaments for Fused Deposition Modeling: First Stage of a Feasibility Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2892. [PMID: 38930261 PMCID: PMC11204736 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing technologies are becoming increasingly attractive for their versatility; the geometrical customizability and manageability of the final product properties are the key points. This work aims to assess the feasibility of producing radiopaque filaments for fused deposition modeling (FDM), a 3D printing technology, starting with zinc oxide (ZnO) and polylactic acid (PLA) as the raw materials. Indeed, ZnO and PLA are promising materials due to their non-toxic and biocompatible nature. Pellets of PLA and ZnO in the form of nanoparticles were mixed together using ethanol; this homogenous mixture was processed by a commercial extruder, optimizing the process parameters for obtaining mechanically stable samples. Scanning electron microscopy analyses were used to assess, in the extruded samples, the homogenous distribution of the ZnO in the PLA matrix. Moreover, X-ray microtomography revealed a certain homogenous radiopacity; this imaging technique also confirmed the correct distribution of the ZnO in the PLA matrix. Thus, our tests showed that mechanically stable radiopaque filaments, ready for FDM systems, were obtained by homogenously loading the PLA with a maximum ZnO content of 6.5% wt. (nominal). This study produced multiple outcomes. We demonstrated the feasibility of producing radiopaque filaments for additive manufacturing using safe materials. Moreover, each phase of the process is cost-effective and green-oriented; in fact, the homogenous mixture of PLA and ZnO requires only a small amount of ethanol, which evaporates in minutes without any temperature adjustment. Finally, both the extruding and the FDM technologies are the most accessible systems for the additive manufacturing commercial apparatuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cherubini
- Department of Construction, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Nicole Riberti
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università Gabriele D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Schiavone
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy; (A.M.S.); (G.B.); (D.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Davì
- Department of Construction, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Michele Furlani
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Giuliani
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Gianni Barucca
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy; (A.M.S.); (G.B.); (D.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Maria Cristina Cassani
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Daniele Rinaldi
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy; (A.M.S.); (G.B.); (D.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Luigi Montalto
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy; (A.M.S.); (G.B.); (D.R.); (L.M.)
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3
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Mayekar PC, Auras R. Accelerating Biodegradation: Enhancing Poly(lactic acid) Breakdown at Mesophilic Environmental Conditions with Biostimulants. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300641. [PMID: 38206571 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has garnered interest due to its low environmental footprint and ability to replace conventional polymers and be disposed of in industrial composting environments. Although PLA is compostable when subjected to a suitable set of conditions, its broader acceptance in industrial composting facilities has been affected adversely due to longer degradation timeframes than the readily biodegradable organic waste fraction. PLA must be fully exposed to thermophilic conditions for prolonged periods to biodegrade, which has restricted its adoption and hindered its acceptance in industrial composting facilities, negating its home composting potential. Thus, enhancing PLA biodegradation is crucial to expand its acceptance. PLA's biodegradability is investigated in a compost matrix under mesophilic conditions at 37 °C for 180 days by biostimulating the compost environment with skim milk, gelatin, and ethyl lactate to enhance the different stages of PLA biodegradation. The evolved CO2, number average molecular weight (Mn), and crystallinity evolution are tracked. To achieve a Mn ≲ 10 kDa for PLA, the biodegradation rate is accelerated by 15% by adding skim milk, 25% by adding gelatin, and 22% by adding ethyl lactate. This work shows potential techniques to help biodegrade PLA in home composting setting by adding biostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja C Mayekar
- The School of Packaging, Michigan State University, 157 Packaging Building, 448 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Rafael Auras
- The School of Packaging, Michigan State University, 157 Packaging Building, 448 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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Mayekar PC, Auras R. Speeding it up: dual effects of biostimulants and iron on the biodegradation of poly(lactic acid) at mesophilic conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:530-539. [PMID: 38345085 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00534h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Plastic pollution presents a growing concern, and various solutions have been proposed to address it. One such solution involves the development of new plastics that match the properties of traditional polymers while exhibiting enhanced biodegradability when disposed of in a suitable environment. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biobased, compostable polymer known for its low environmental impact and ability to break down into harmless components within a specified timeframe. However, its degradation in industrial composting facilities poses challenges, and it cannot degrade in home composting. In this study, we investigated the biodegradability of PLA within a biostimulated compost matrix at mesophilic conditions (37 °C) over 180 days. The compost environment was enhanced with Fe3O4 nanopowder, skim milk, gelatin, and ethyl lactate, individually and in combination, to target different stages of the PLA biodegradation process. We monitored key indicators, CO2 evolution, number average molecular weight, and crystallinity, to assess the impact of the various biostimulants and iron. The results demonstrated that the most effective treatment for degrading PLA at mesophilic conditions was adding gelatin and Fe3O4. Gelatin accelerated PLA biodegradation by 25%, Fe3O4 by 17%, and a combination of gelatin and Fe3O4 by 30%. The effect of skim milk and ethyl lactate is also reported. This research introduces novel pathways to enhance PLA biodegradation in home composting scenarios, offering promising solutions to address the plastic pollution challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja C Mayekar
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
| | - Rafael Auras
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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Rathore A, Shah D, Kaur H. Recent advances in metal oxide/polylactic acid nanocomposites and their applications. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Rathore
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Dipen Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Shri T. S. Patel P.G. Science College, Ambaliyara, Bayad, India
| | - Harjinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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6
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Iacovone C, Yulita F, Cerini D, Peña D, Candal R, Goyanes S, Pietrasanta LI, Guz L, Famá L. Effect of TiO 2 Nanoparticles and Extrusion Process on the Physicochemical Properties of Biodegradable and Active Cassava Starch Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030535. [PMID: 36771837 PMCID: PMC9918894 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers have been strongly recognized as an alternative to replace traditional petrochemical plastics, which have become a global problem due to their long persistence in the environment. In this work, the effect of the addition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NP) on the morphology, physicochemical properties and biodegradation under industrial composting conditions of cassava starch-based nanocomposites obtained by extrusion at different screw speeds (80 and 120 rpm) were investigated. Films performed at 120 rpm (S120 and S120-TiO2NP) showed completely processed starch and homogeneously distributed nanoparticles, leading to much more flexible nanocomposites than those obtained at 80 rpm. The incorporation of TiO2NP led to an increase in storage modulus of all films and, in the case of S120-TiO2NP, to higher strain at break values. From the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts theoretical model (KWW), an increase in the relaxation time of the nanocomposites was observed due to a decrease in the number of polymer chains involved in the relaxation process. Additionally, S120-TiO2NP showed effective protection against UV light, greater hydrophobicity and faster biodegradation in compost, resulting in a promising material for food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Iacovone
- Laboratorio de Polímeros y Materiales Compuestos (LPMC), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Federico Yulita
- Laboratorio de Polímeros y Materiales Compuestos (LPMC), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Daniel Cerini
- Laboratorio de Polímeros y Materiales Compuestos (LPMC), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Daniel Peña
- Laboratorio de Polímeros y Materiales Compuestos (LPMC), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Roberto Candal
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad, Campus Miguelete, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín 1650, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Goyanes
- Laboratorio de Polímeros y Materiales Compuestos (LPMC), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Lía I. Pietrasanta
- Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Centro de Microscopías Avanzadas y Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Lucas Guz
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad, Campus Miguelete, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín 1650, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Famá
- Laboratorio de Polímeros y Materiales Compuestos (LPMC), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-11-5285-7511 (ext. 57511)
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7
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Rebelo RC, Gonçalves LP, Fonseca AC, Fonseca J, Rola M, Coelho JF, Rola F, Serra AC. Increased degradation of PLA/PBAT blends with organic acids and derivatives in outdoor weathering and marine environment. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Sun M, Huang S, Yu M, Han K. Toughening Modification of Polylactic Acid by Thermoplastic Silicone Polyurethane Elastomer. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1953. [PMID: 34208303 PMCID: PMC8231260 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The melt blending of polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic silicone polyurethane (TPSiU) elastomer was performed to toughen PLA. The molecular structure, crystallization, thermal properties, compatibility, mechanical properties and rheological properties of the PLA/TPSiU blends of different mass ratios (100/0, 95/5, 90/10, 85/15 and 80/20) were investigated. The results showed that TPSiU was effectively blended into PLA, but no chemical reaction occurred. The addition of TPSiU had no obvious effect on the glass transition temperature and melting temperature of PLA, but slightly reduced the crystallinity of PLA. The morphology and dynamic mechanical analysis results demonstrated the poor thermodynamic compatibility between PLA and TPSiU. Rheological behavior studies showed that PLA/TPSiU melt was typically pseudoplastic fluid. As the content of TPSiU increased, the apparent viscosity of PLA/TPSiU blends showed a trend of rising first and then falling. The addition of TPSiU had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of PLA/TPSiU blends. When the content of TPSiU was 15 wt%, the elongation at break of the PLA/TPSiU blend reached 22.3% (5.0 times that of pure PLA), and the impact strength reached 19.3 kJ/m2 (4.9 times that of pure PLA), suggesting the favorable toughening effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Keqing Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (M.S.); (S.H.); (M.Y.)
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10
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Effects of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) Shapes on In Vitro and In Vivo Degradation Behaviors of PLA/MgO Composites in Long Term. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051074. [PMID: 32397097 PMCID: PMC7284841 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable devices for medical applications should be with an appropriate degradation rate for satisfying the various requirements of bone healing. In this study, composite materials of polylactic acid (PLA)/stearic acid-modified magnesium oxide (MgO) with a 1 wt% were prepared through blending extrusion, and the effects of the MgO shapes on the composites’ properties in in vitro and in vivo degradation were investigated. The results showed that the long-term degradation behaviors of the composite samples depended significantly on the filler shape. The degradation of the composites is accelerated by the increase in the water uptake rate of the PLA matrix and the composite containing the MgO nanoparticles was influenced more severely by the enhanced hydrophilicity. Furthermore, the pH value of the phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was obviously regulated by the dissolution of MgO through the neutralization of the acidic product of the PLA degradation. In addition, the improvement of the in vivo degrading process of the composite illustrated that the PLA/MgO materials can effectively regulate the degradation of the PLA matrix as well as raise its bioactivity, indicating the composites for utilization as a biomedical material matching the different requirements for bone-related repair.
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Nonato R, Mei L, Bonse B, Chinaglia E, Morales A. Nanocomposites of PLA containing ZnO nanofibers made by solvent cast 3D printing: Production and characterization. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Diaz CM, Gao X, Robisson A, Amarante M, Zhu SS. Effect of hydrolytic degradation on the mechanical property of a thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Felice B, Sánchez MA, Socci MC, Sappia LD, Gómez MI, Cruz MK, Felice CJ, Martí M, Pividori MI, Simonelli G, Rodríguez AP. Controlled degradability of PCL-ZnO nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and their antibacterial activity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 93:724-738. [PMID: 30274106 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Up to date, tissue regeneration of large bone defects is a clinical challenge under exhaustive study. Nowadays, the most common clinical solutions concerning bone regeneration involve systems based on human or bovine tissues, which suffer from drawbacks like antigenicity, complex processing, low osteoinductivity, rapid resorption and minimal acceleration of tissue regeneration. This work thus addresses the development of nanofibrous synthetic scaffolds of polycaprolactone (PCL) - a long-term degradation polyester - compounded with hydroxyapatite (HA) and variable concentrations of ZnO as alternative solutions for accelerated bone tissue regeneration in applications requiring mid- and long-term resorption. In vitro cell response of human fetal osteoblasts as well as antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus of PCL:HA:ZnO and PCL:ZnO scaffolds were here evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of ZnO nanostructures at different concentrations on in vitro degradation of PCL electrospun scaffolds was analyzed. The results proved that higher concentrations ZnO may induce early mineralization, as indicated by high alkaline phosphatase activity levels, cell proliferation assays and positive Alizarin-Red-S-stained calcium deposits. Moreover, all PCL:ZnO scaffolds particularly showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus which may be attributed to release of Zn2+ ions. Additionally, results here obtained showed a variable PCL degradation rate as a function of ZnO concentration. Therefore, this work suggests that our PCL:ZnO scaffolds may be promising and competitive short-, mid- and long-term resorption systems against current clinical solutions for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betiana Felice
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Chacabuco 461, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Chacabuco 461, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Socci
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Chacabuco 461, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Luciano David Sappia
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Chacabuco 461, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Inés Gómez
- Instituto de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Karina Cruz
- Instituto de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Carmelo José Felice
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Chacabuco 461, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Mercè Martí
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Immunology Unit, Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, Spain; Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia (BCFI), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María Isabel Pividori
- Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gabriela Simonelli
- Laboratorio de Física del Sólido, INFINOA (CONICET-UNT), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Andrea Paola Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Chacabuco 461, CP4000 Tucumán, Argentina.
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Yang L, Yang Z, Zhang F, Xie L, Luo Z, Zheng Q. Star Shaped Long Chain Branched Poly (lactic acid) Prepared by Melt Transesterification with Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate and Nano-ZnO. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10070796. [PMID: 30960721 PMCID: PMC6403968 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long chain branched poly (lactic acid) (LCBPLA) was prepared via transesterification between high molecular weight poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and low molar mass monomer trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) during melt blending in the presence of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) as a transesterification accelerant in a torque rheometer. Compared with the traditional processing methods, this novel way is high-efficiency, environmentally friendly, and gel-free. The results revealed that chain restructuring reactions occurred and TMPTA was grafted onto the PLA backbone. The topological structures of LCBPLA were verified and investigated in detail. It was found that the concentration of the accelerants and the sampling occasion had very important roles in the occurrence of branching structures. When the nano-ZnO dosage was 0.4 phr and PLA was sampled at the time corresponding to the reaction peak in the torque curve, PLA exhibited a star-shaped topological structure with a high branching degree which could obviously affect the melt strength, extrusion foaming performances, and crystallization behaviors. Compared with pristine PLA, LCBPLA showed a higher melt strength, smaller cell diameter, and slower crystallization speed owing to the synergistic effects of nano-ZnO and the long chain branches introduced by the transesterification reaction in the system. However, severe degradation of the LCBPLAs would take place under a mixing time that was too long and lots of short linear chains generated due to the excessive transesterification reaction, with a sharp decline in melt strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Zaijun Yang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Lijin Xie
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Zhu Luo
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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15
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Evans KA, Kennedy ZC, Arey BW, Christ JF, Schaef HT, Nune SK, Erikson RL. Chemically Active, Porous 3D-Printed Thermoplastic Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:15112-15121. [PMID: 29383933 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit exceptional properties and are widely investigated because of their structural and functional versatility relevant to catalysis, separations, and sensing applications. However, their commercial or large-scale application is often limited by their powder forms which make integration into devices challenging. Here, we report the production of MOF-thermoplastic polymer composites in well-defined and customizable forms and with complex internal structural features accessed via a standard three-dimensional (3D) printer. MOFs (zeolitic imidazolate framework; ZIF-8) were incorporated homogeneously into both poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrices at high loadings (up to 50% by mass), extruded into filaments, and utilized for on-demand access to 3D structures by fused deposition modeling. Printed, rigid PLA/MOF composites display a large surface area (SAavg = 531 m2 g-1) and hierarchical pore features, whereas flexible TPU/MOF composites achieve a high surface area (SAavg = 706 m2 g-1) by employing a simple method developed to expose obstructed micropores postprinting. Critically, embedded particles in the plastic matrices retain their ability to participate in chemical interactions characteristic of the parent framework. The fabrication strategies were extended to other MOFs and illustrate the potential of 3D printing to create unique porous and high surface area chemically active structures.
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16
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Hydrolysis and Biodegradation of Poly(lactic acid). SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POLY(LACTIC ACID) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2016_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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17
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Trujillo S, Lizundia E, Vilas JL, Salmeron-Sanchez M. PLLA/ZnO nanocomposites: Dynamic surfaces to harness cell differentiation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 144:152-160. [PMID: 27085047 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the effect of the sequential availability of ZnO nanoparticles, (nanorods of ∼40nm) loaded within a degradable poly(lactic acid) (PLLA) matrix, in cell differentiation. The system constitutes a dynamic surface, in which nanoparticles are exposed as the polymer matrix degrades. ZnO nanoparticles were loaded into PLLA and the system was measured at different time points to characterise the time evolution of the physicochemical properties, including wettability and thermal properties. The micro and nanostructure were also investigated using AFM, SEM and TEM images. Cellular experiments with C2C12 myoblasts show that cell differentiation was significantly enhanced on ZnO nanoparticles-loaded PLLA, as the polymer degrades and the availability of nanoparticles become more apparent, whereas the release of zinc within the culture medium was negligible. Our results suggest PLLA/ZnO nanocomposites can be used as a dynamic system where nanoparticles are exposed during degradation, activating the material surface and driving cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Trujillo
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow G12 8LT, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Erlantz Lizundia
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain
| | - José Luis Vilas
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain; Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Ed. 500, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow G12 8LT, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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18
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Xu H, Yang X, Xie L, Hakkarainen M. Conformational Footprint in Hydrolysis-Induced Nanofibrillation and Crystallization of Poly(lactic acid). Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:985-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
| | - Lan Xie
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
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19
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The synergistic effect of zinc oxide and phenylphosphonic acid zinc salt on the crystallization behavior of poly (lactic acid). Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Hydrolysis of poly(lactic acid) into calcium lactate using ionic liquid [Bmim][OAc] for chemical recycling. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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