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Ajayi AF, Ogundipe OO, Hamed MA, Oluwole DT. Skoochies and its component substances induced testicular damage and impaired sperm function via increased generation of reactive oxygen species and impairment of the glutathione system in rats. F&S SCIENCE 2024:S2666-335X(24)00040-5. [PMID: 39004305 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of skoochies, an illicit cocktail drink, on testicular and sperm function in male rats. DESIGN Twenty-five adult male Wistar rats were assigned randomly into five groups (n = 5) as follows: normal saline; skoochies; Cannabis sativa; codeine; and tramadol. The cocktail (skoochies) used in this study was formulated with the following composition: codeine (5 mg/kg); tramadol (20 mg/kg); and cannabis extract (2 mg/kg). These doses are as previously reported. Administration was performed once daily for 28 days. SETTING University. ANIMAL(S) Twenty-five (25) male Wistar rats. INTERVENTION(S) Skoochies, tramadol, Codeiene, Cannabis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Skoochies and its components induced testicular and sperm damage via increased generation of reactive oxygen species and impairment of glutathione system in rats. RESULT(S) Skoochies increased reactive oxygen species generation and impaired the antioxidant system resulting in inflammation that eventually damaged the testicular tissue. Skoochies caused oxidoinflammatory injury to this tissue, leading to impaired testicular function. This was evident by the distorted cytoarchitecture, reduced sperm count and motility, and impaired testicular deoxyribonucleic acid integrity. CONCLUSION(S) Thus, our results infer that skoochies impaired the testicular and sperm function through the increased generation of reactive oxygen species and impairment of the glutathione system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Folorunsho Ajayi
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Adeleke University, Ede, Oyo State, Nigeria; Anchor Biomed Research Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Moses Agbomhere Hamed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria; Research Unit, The Brainwill Laboratory, Osogbo, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - David Tolulope Oluwole
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Crescent University, Abeokuta, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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Podinić T, Werstuck G, Raha S. The Implications of Cannabinoid-Induced Metabolic Dysregulation for Cellular Differentiation and Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11003. [PMID: 37446181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) governs and coordinates several physiological processes through an integrated signaling network, which is responsible for inducing appropriate intracellular metabolic signaling cascades in response to (endo)cannabinoid stimulation. This intricate cellular system ensures the proper functioning of the immune, reproductive, and nervous systems and is involved in the regulation of appetite, memory, metabolism, and development. Cannabinoid receptors have been observed on both cellular and mitochondrial membranes in several tissues and are stimulated by various classes of cannabinoids, rendering the ECS highly versatile. In the context of growth and development, emerging evidence suggests a crucial role for the ECS in cellular growth and differentiation. Indeed, cannabinoids have the potential to disrupt key energy-sensing metabolic signaling pathways requiring mitochondrial-ER crosstalk, whose functioning is essential for successful cellular growth and differentiation. This review aims to explore the extent of cannabinoid-induced cellular dysregulation and its implications for cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Podinić
- The Department of Pediatrics and the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Geoff Werstuck
- Department of Medicine and the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Sandeep Raha
- The Department of Pediatrics and the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Truong VB, Davis OS, Gracey J, Neal MS, Khokhar JY, Favetta LA. Sperm capacitation and transcripts levels are altered by in vitro THC exposure. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:6. [PMID: 36823609 PMCID: PMC9951432 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-023-00468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary phytocannabinoid responsible for the psychoactive properties of cannabis and is known to interact with the endocannabinoid system, which is functionally present in the male reproductive system. Since cannabis consumption is the highest among reproductive aged males, the current study aimed to further investigate the effects of THC exposure to phenotypical, physiological, and molecular parameters in sperm. Bull sperm of known fertility were used as a translational model for human sperm and subjected to in vitro treatment with physiologically relevant experimental doses of THC. Sperm parameters, capacitation, apoptosis, and transcript levels were evaluated following treatment. RESULTS Motility, morphology, and viability of bovine sperm was unaltered from THC exposure. However, 0.32µM of THC caused an increased proportion of capacitating sperm (p < 0.05) compared to control and vehicle group sperm. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 39 genes were found to be differentially expressed by 0.032µM THC exposure, 196 genes were differentially expressed by 0.32µM THC exposure, and 33 genes were differentially expressed by 3.2µM THC. Secondary analysis reveals pathways involving development, nucleosomes, ribosomes and translation, and cellular metabolism to be significantly enriched. CONCLUSION Phytocannabinoid exposure to sperm may adversely affect sperm function by stimulating premature capacitation. These findings also show for the first time that spermatozoal transcripts may be altered by THC exposure. These results add to previous research demonstrating the molecular effects of cannabinoids on sperm and warrant further research into the effects of cannabis on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien B Truong
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. East, N1G 2W1, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ola S Davis
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. East, N1G 2W1, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jade Gracey
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. East, N1G 2W1, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jibran Y Khokhar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Laura A Favetta
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. East, N1G 2W1, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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4
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Shahinyan GK, Hu MYY, Jiang T, Osadchiy V, Sigalos JT, Mills JN, Kachroo N, Eleswarapu SV. Cannabis and male sexual health: contemporary qualitative review and insight into perspectives of young men on the internet. Sex Med Rev 2023; 11:139-150. [PMID: 36763944 DOI: 10.1093/sxmrev/qeac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannabis use is increasing across the United States, yet its short- and long-term effects on sexual function remain controversial. Currently, there is a paucity of studies exploring the relationship between cannabis and men's health. OBJECTIVES To summarize the available literature on cannabis and men's health and provide insight into lay perceptions of this topic. METHODS We performed a qualitative PubMed review of the existing literature on cannabis and men's health according to the PRISMA guidelines. Separately, we analyzed relevant themes in online men's health forums. We utilized a Google cloud-based platform (BigQuery) to extract relevant posts from 5 men's health Reddit forums from August 2018 to August 2019. We conducted a qualitative thematic analysis of the posts and quantitatively analyzed them using natural language processing and a meaning extraction method with principal component analysis. RESULTS Our literature review revealed a mix of animal and human studies demonstrating the negative effects of cannabis on semen parameters and varying effects on erectile function and hormone levels. In our analysis of 372 686 Reddit posts, 1190 (0.3%) included relevant discussion on cannabis and men's health. An overall 272 posts were manually analyzed, showing that online discussions revolve around seeking answers and sharing the effects of cannabis on various aspects of sexual health and quality of life, often with conflicting experiences. Quantitative analysis revealed 1 thematic cluster related to cannabis, insecurity, and mental/physical health. CONCLUSIONS There is a limited number of quality human studies investigating the effects of cannabis on men's health. Men online are uncertain about how cannabis affects their sexual health and seek more information. As the prevalence of cannabis use increases, so does the need for research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary K Shahinyan
- Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Ming-Yeah Y Hu
- Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Tommy Jiang
- Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Vadim Osadchiy
- Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - John T Sigalos
- Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Jesse N Mills
- Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Naveen Kachroo
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44125, United States.,Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Sriram V Eleswarapu
- Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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Gómez-Cañas M, Rodríguez-Cueto C, Satta V, Hernández-Fisac I, Navarro E, Fernández-Ruiz J. Endocannabinoid-Binding Receptors as Drug Targets. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2576:67-94. [PMID: 36152178 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2728-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis plant has been used from ancient times with therapeutic purposes for treating human pathologies, but the identification of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic properties of the phytocannabinoids, the active compounds in this plant, occurred in the last years of the past century. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, seminal studies demonstrated the existence of cannabinoid receptors and other elements of the so-called endocannabinoid system. These G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a key element in the functions assigned to endocannabinoids and appear to serve as promising pharmacological targets. They include CB1, CB2, and GPR55, but also non-GPCRs can be activated by endocannabinoids, like ionotropic receptor TRPV1 and even nuclear receptors of the PPAR family. Their activation, inhibition, or simply modulation have been associated with numerous physiological effects at both central and peripheral levels, which may have therapeutic value in different human pathologies, then providing a solid experimental explanation for both the ancient medicinal uses of Cannabis plant and the recent advances in the development of cannabinoid-based specific therapies. This chapter will review the scientific knowledge generated in the last years around the research on the different endocannabinoid-binding receptors and their signaling mechanisms. Our intention is that this knowledge may help readers to understand the relevance of these receptors in health and disease conditions, as well as it may serve as the theoretical basis for the different experimental protocols to investigate these receptors and their signaling mechanisms that will be described in the following chapters.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gómez-Cañas
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Cueto
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentina Satta
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Hernández-Fisac
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Navarro
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
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Malheiro RF, Carmo H, Carvalho F, Silva JP. Cannabinoid-mediated targeting of mitochondria on the modulation of mitochondrial function and dynamics. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106603. [PMID: 36516885 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in the regulation of several biological processes (e.g., programmed cell death, inflammation, neurotransmission, cell differentiation). In recent years, accumulating findings have evidenced that cannabinoids, a group of endogenous and exogenous (synthetic and plant-derived) psychoactive compounds that bind to cannabinoid receptors, may modulate mitochondrial function and dynamics. As such, mitochondria have gained increasing interest as central mediators in cannabinoids' pharmacological and toxicological signatures. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying the cannabinoids' modulation of mitochondrial activity and dynamics, as well as the potential implications of such mitochondrial processes' disruption on cell homeostasis and disease. Interestingly, cannabinoids may target different mitochondrial processes (e.g., regulation of intracellular calcium levels, bioenergetic metabolism, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dynamics, including mitochondrial fission and fusion, transport, mitophagy, and biogenesis), by modulating multiple and complex signaling pathways. Of note, the outcome may depend on the experimental models used, as well as the chemical structure, concentration, and exposure settings to the cannabinoid, originating equivocal data. Notably, this interaction seems to represent not only an important feature of cannabinoids' toxicological signatures, with potential implications for the onset of distinct pathological conditions (e.g., cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndromes), but also an opportunity to develop novel therapeutic strategies for such pathologies, which is also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Filipe Malheiro
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Helena Carmo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Pedro Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Influence of Two Widely Used Solvents, Ethanol and Dimethyl Sulfoxide, on Human Sperm Parameters. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010505. [PMID: 36613946 PMCID: PMC9820180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To study mechanisms involved in fertility, many experimental assays are conducted by incubating spermatozoa in the presence of molecules dissolved in solvents such as ethanol (EtOH) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Although a vehicle control group is usually included in such studies, it does not allow to evaluate the intrinsic effect of the solvent on sperm parameters and its potential influence on the outcome of the experiment. In the present study, we incubated human spermatozoa for 4 h in a capacitation medium in the absence or the presence of different concentrations of EtOH and DMSO (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0%) to assess the impact of these solvents on sperm motility, vitality, capacitation, and acrosome integrity. The presence of statistically significant relationships between increasing solvent concentrations and the investigated parameters was assessed using linear mixed models. A significant effect was observed with both solvents for total and progressive sperm motilities. We also evaluated the effect of time for these parameters and showed that the influence of the solvents was stable between 0 and 4 h, indicating an almost direct impact of the solvents. While EtOH did not influence sperm vitality and acrosome integrity, a significant effect of increasing DMSO concentrations was observed for these parameters. Finally, regarding capacitation, measured via phosphotyrosine content, although a dose-dependent effect was observed with both solvents, the statistical analysis did not allow to precisely evaluate the intensity of the effect. Based on the results obtained in the present study, and the corresponding linear mixed models, we calculated the concentration of both solvents which would result in a 5% decline in sperm parameters. For EtOH, these concentrations are 0.9, 0.7, and 0.3% for total motility, progressive motility, and capacitation, respectively, while for DMSO they are 1.5, 1.1, >2, 0.3 and >2% for total motility, progressive motility, vitality, capacitation, and acrosome integrity, respectively. We recommend using solvent concentrations below these values to dissolve molecules used to study sperm function in vitro, to limit side effects.
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8
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Pagano Zottola AC, Severi I, Cannich A, Ciofi P, Cota D, Marsicano G, Giordano A, Bellocchio L. Expression of Functional Cannabinoid Type-1 (CB 1) Receptor in Mitochondria of White Adipocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162582. [PMID: 36010658 PMCID: PMC9406404 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Via activation of the cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptor, endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids modulate important biochemical and cellular processes in adipocytes. Several pieces of evidence suggest that alterations of mitochondrial physiology might be a possible mechanism underlying cannabinoids' effects on adipocyte biology. Many reports suggest the presence of CB1 receptor mRNA in both white and brown adipose tissue, but the detailed subcellular localization of CB1 protein in adipose cells has so far been scarcely addressed. In this study, we show the presence of the functional CB1 receptor at different subcellular locations of adipocytes from epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) depots. We observed that CB1 is located at different subcellular levels, including the plasma membrane and in close association with mitochondria (mtCB1). Functional analysis in tissue homogenates and isolated mitochondria allowed us to reveal that cannabinoids negatively regulate complex-I-dependent oxygen consumption in eWAT. This effect requires mtCB1 activation and consequent regulation of the intramitochondrial cAMP-PKA pathway. Thus, CB1 receptors are functionally present at the mitochondrial level in eWAT adipocytes, adding another possible mechanism for peripheral regulation of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Astrid Cannich
- INSERM U1215 Neurocentre Magendie, Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Ciofi
- INSERM U1215 Neurocentre Magendie, Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniela Cota
- INSERM U1215 Neurocentre Magendie, Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM U1215 Neurocentre Magendie, Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- INSERM U1215 Neurocentre Magendie, Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-557-573-754
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9
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Busquets-García A, Bolaños JP, Marsicano G. Metabolic Messengers: endocannabinoids. Nat Metab 2022; 4:848-855. [PMID: 35817852 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Busquets-García
- Cell-type mechanisms in normal and pathological behavior Research Group. IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, PRBB, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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10
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Meah F, Lundholm M, Emanuele N, Amjed H, Poku C, Agrawal L, Emanuele MA. The effects of cannabis and cannabinoids on the endocrine system. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:401-420. [PMID: 34460075 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09682-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in cannabis use due to policy changes and areas of decriminalization, it is important to recognize the potential impact of these substances on endocrine processes. Cannabinoids have many effects by activating the endocannabinoid system. This system plays a role in the normal functioning of nearly every organ and consists of the body's natural endocannabinoids, the cannabinoid receptors, and the enzymes and processes that regulate endocannabinoids. Exogenous cannabinoids such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are known to act through cannabinoid type 1 and 2 receptors, and have been shown to mimic endocannabinoid signaling and affect receptor expression. This review summarizes the known impacts of cannabis on thyroid, adrenal, and gonadal function in addition to glucose control, lipids, and bone metabolism, including: reduced female fertility, increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, reduced sperm counts and function, lower thyroid hormone levels with acute use, blunting of stress response with chronic use, increased risk of prediabetes but lower risk of diabetes, suggested improvement of high density lipoproteins and triglycerides, and modest increase in fracture risk. The known properties of endocannabinoids, animal data, population data, and the possible benefits and concerns of cannabinoid use on hormonal function are discussed. The interconnectivity of the endocrine and endocannabinoid systems suggests opportunities for future therapeutic modalities which are an area of active investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Meah
- Endocrinology Section, Medical Service, VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
| | - Michelle Lundholm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas Emanuele
- Endocrinology Section, Medical Service, VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
| | - Hafsa Amjed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Loyola University Health Care System, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Caroline Poku
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Loyola University Health Care System, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Lily Agrawal
- Endocrinology Section, Medical Service, VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
| | - Mary Ann Emanuele
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Loyola University Health Care System, Maywood, Illinois, USA.
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11
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Lo JO, Hedges JC, Girardi G. Impact of cannabinoids on pregnancy, reproductive health and offspring outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 227:571-581. [PMID: 35662548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis is the most commonly used federally illegal drug in the United States and world, especially among people of reproductive age. In addition, the potency of cannabis products has increased significantly in the past decade. This is concerning because the available evidence suggests an adverse effect from cannabis exposure on male and female reproductive health. Exposure to cannabinoids may have differential impacts on female reproductive health across a woman's lifespan, from preconception to pregnancy, throughout lactation, and during menopause. Even more, cannabis use has been associated an adverse effect on fetal outcomes, and longer-term offspring health and developmental trajectories. Despite the prevalence of cannabis use, there is limited available evidence regarding its safety, especially in regard to reproductive health, pregnancy and lactation. The biological effects of cannabis are mediated by the endocannabinoid system and studies have reported the presence of cannabinoid receptors in the male and female reproductive tract, on sperm and the placenta, suggesting the endocannabinoid system plays a role in regulating reproduction. Cannabis use can impact male and female fertility and has been associated with altered reproductive hormones, menstrual cyclicity and semen parameters. Use of cannabis in males has also been associated with erectile dysfunction, abnormal spermatogenesis, and testicular atrophy. In females, cannabis use has been associated with infertility and abnormal embryo implantation and development. The main psychoactive component of cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can also cross the placenta and has been detected in breastmilk. Maternal cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation has been associated with adverse effects including small for gestational age infants, preterm birth, fetal neurodevelopmental consequences, and impaired offspring sociobehavioral and cognitive development. The prevalence of cannabis use to alleviate menopausal symptoms has also increased despite the limited information on its benefits and safety. As cannabis use is on the rise, it is critical to understand its impact on reproductive health and offspring developmental outcomes. This is an understudied, but timely subject, with much needed information to guide healthcare providers and those interested in conceiving, or that are pregnant and lactating, as well as those at the end of their reproductive time span.
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12
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Mahajan A, Sharma P, Mishra AK, Gupta S, Yadav S, Anand M, Yadav B, Madan AK, Swain DK. Interplay mechanisms between progesterone and endocannabinoid receptors in regulating bull sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2888-2912. [PMID: 35476800 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
After ejaculation, sperm show a limited capacity for transcription and translation. In the oviduct, most of the signalling in sperm is nongenomic and is mediated through membrane receptors. Studies have shown that the cation channel of sperm (CatSper), cAMP, cGMP, protein kinases, and tyrosine phosphorylation are involved in the nongenomic signalling of progesterone (P4) in sperm. However, it is not known whether there is an interplay between P4 and cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), CatSper channels, cAMP, inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); these potential regulators are involved in the regulation of capacitation and the acrosome reaction. In the present study, selective blockers of CB1, CB2, TRPV1, CatSper channels, cAMP, protein kinase A (PKA), IP3R, and MAPK were used to identify their involvement in P4-mediated bull sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction. Selective blocking of any one of the molecules caused a significant reduction in P4 signalling (p < 0.05). Interestingly, blocking these molecules in combination followed by treatment with P4 resulted in the complete absence of capacitation and the acrosome reaction. Blocking a single receptor was not able to eliminate the P4-induced capacitation and the acrosome reaction. In addition to the CB1 and CB2 receptors, there may be other signalling pathways that mediate P4 signalling. In conclusion, P4 signalling exhibited interplay with the cannabinoid receptors. The regulation of sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction also involved cAMP, PKA, l-type and T-type calcium channels, TRPV1, inositol trisphosphate, and MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mahajan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Sperm Signaling Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratishtha Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Sperm Signaling Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek K Mishra
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Shashikant Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarvajeet Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Sperm Signaling Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukul Anand
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Sperm Signaling Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Brijesh Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Sperm Signaling Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun K Madan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Sperm Signaling Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dilip K Swain
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Sperm Signaling Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
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13
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Kamnate A, Sirisin J, Watanabe M, Kondo H, Hipkaeo W, Chomphoo S. Mitochondrial Localization of CB1 in Progesterone-producing Cells of Ovarian Interstitial Glands of Adult Mice. J Histochem Cytochem 2022; 70:251-257. [PMID: 34915761 PMCID: PMC8832628 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211063516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Localization of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) immunoreactivity on mitochondrial membranes, at least their outer membranes distinctly, was detected in progesterone-producing cells characterized by mitochondria having tubular cristae and aggregations of lipid droplets in ovarian interstitial glands in situ of adult mice. Both immunoreactive and immunonegative mitochondria were contained in one and the same cell. Considering that the synthesis of progesterone is processed in mitochondria, the mitochondrial localization of CB1 in the interstitial gland cells suggests the possibility that endocannabinoids modulate the synthetic process of progesterone in the cells through CB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anussara Kamnate
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Princess of Naradhiwas University, Narathiwat, Thailand
| | - Juthathip Sirisin
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisatake Kondo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wiphawi Hipkaeo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Surang Chomphoo
- Surang Chomphoo, Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. E-mail:
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Hedges JC, Hanna CB, Bash JC, Boniface ER, Burch FC, Mahalingaiah S, Roberts VH, Terrobias JJD, Mishler EC, Jensen JV, Easley CA, Lo JO. Chronic exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol impacts testicular volume and male reproductive health in rhesus macaques. Fertil Steril 2022; 117:698-707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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15
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Ryan KS, Bash JC, Hanna CB, Hedges JC, Lo JO. Effects of marijuana on reproductive health: preconception and gestational effects. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2021; 28:558-565. [PMID: 34709212 PMCID: PMC8580253 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent widespread legalization changes have promoted the availability of marijuana and its increased potency and perceived safety. The limited evidence on reproductive and perinatal outcomes from marijuana exposure is enough to warrant concern and action. The objective of this review is to provide a current and relevant summary of the recent literature surrounding this topic. RECENT FINDINGS The available published studies on the effect of marijuana exposure on reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes are conflicting. Human studies are often observational or retrospective and confounded by self-report and polysubstance use. However, the current, limited evidence suggests that marijuana use adversely affects male and female reproductive health. Additionally, prenatal marijuana exposure has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and small for gestational age infants. SUMMARY With the increasing prevalence of marijuana use, there is an urgent need for evidence-driven recommendations and guidelines for couples interested in conception, affected by infertility or who are expecting. At this time, no amount of marijuana use during conception or pregnancy is known to be well tolerated and the limited available evidence suggests that the safest choice is to abstain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly S. Ryan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Jasper C. Bash
- Department of Urology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Carol B. Hanna
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Jason C. Hedges
- Department of Urology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Jamie O. Lo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
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16
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Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Reproduction and Fertility: Where We Stand. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:2429-2439. [PMID: 33970442 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although cannabis use is increasing in general population, their prevalence among young adults is remarkably high. In recent years, their medical use gained a renewed interest. However, it can underline the reputation of cannabis being a harmless drug. Between cannabinoids, uniquely found on the cannabis plant, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the well-studied compound. It is responsible for the psychoactive effects via central cannabinoid receptors. Nevertheless, cannabinoids interact with other chemical signalling systems such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. THC indirectly decreases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion by the hypothalamus. The consequences are diverse, and several key hormones are affected. THC disturbs important reproductive events like folliculogenesis, ovulation and sperm maturation and function. Although generally accepted that cannabinoid consumption impacts male and female fertility, prevailing evidence remains largely on pre-clinical studies. Here, we introduce cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system, and we review the most prominent clinical evidence about cannabis consumption in reproductive potential and teratogenicity.
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17
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Alagbonsi AI, Olayaki LA. Vitamin C ameliorates tetrahydrocannabinol-induced spermatotoxicity in-vitro. BMC Nutr 2020; 6:59. [PMID: 33292756 PMCID: PMC7684963 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-020-00387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the in-vitro effects of vitamin C on delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) -induced reduction in spermatozoa motility and kinematics. METHODS Six rats were used for the study. Semen from each of the 6 rats was randomly divided into 6 groups such that each rat's semen was in all of the groups. Groups I-III received placebo, THC (1 mM), and vitamin C (5 mM) respectively. Group IV was pre-treated with cannabinoid receptors' blockers (CBs-) 1 and 2, followed by THC. Groups V and VI received THC and vitamin C, but group VI was additionally pre-treated with CBs-. RESULTS The spermatozoa progressive motility, average path velocity (VAP), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), amplitude of lateral head (ALH) and beat cross frequency (BCF) were reduced by THC (6.08 ± 1.16%; 5.64 ± 0.82 μm/s; 6.96 ± 0.74 μm/s; 2.75 ± 0.23 μm/s; 0.31 ± 0.02 μm; and 0.78 ± 0.08 Hz respectively) but increased by vitamin C (51.20 ± 1.32%; 17.90 ± 0.21 μm/s; 25.11 ± 0.96 μm/s; 8.80 ± 0.27 μm/s; 0.75 ± 0.01 μm; and 3.15 ± 0.03 Hz respectively) when compared to control (39.72 ± 0.38%; 13.70 ± 0.29 μm/s; 18.04 ± 0.58 μm/s; 7.54 ± 0.34 μm/s; 0.65 ± 0.02 μm; and 2.79 ± 0.01 Hz respectively). Vitamin C inhibited the THC-induced reduction in these parameters (37.36 ± 0.73%; 10.98 ± 0.45 μm/s; 13.58 ± 0.30 μm/s; 7.11 ± 0.22 μm/s; 0.58 ± 0.01 μm; and 2.60 ± 0.01 Hz respectively) in the absence of CBs- 1 and 2, and even caused additional increases in progressive motility (49.54 ± 1.01%), VAP (15.70 ± 0.38 μm/s) and VCL (22.53 ± 0.29 μm/s) above the control levels with CBs-. CONCLUSION Vitamin C ameliorates the THC-induced reduction in spermatozoa motility in-vitro by modulation of their kinematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullateef Isiaka Alagbonsi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Huye, Republic of Rwanda.
| | - Luqman Aribidesi Olayaki
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria
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18
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Baratta AM, Rathod RS, Plasil SL, Seth A, Homanics GE. Exposure to drugs of abuse induce effects that persist across generations. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 156:217-277. [PMID: 33461664 PMCID: PMC8167819 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders are highly prevalent and continue to be one of the leading causes of disability in the world. Notably, not all people who use addictive drugs develop a substance use disorder. Although substance use disorders are highly heritable, patterns of inheritance cannot be explained purely by Mendelian genetic mechanisms. Vulnerability to developing drug addiction depends on the interplay between genetics and environment. Additionally, evidence from the past decade has pointed to the role of epigenetic inheritance in drug addiction. This emerging field focuses on how environmental perturbations, including exposure to addictive drugs, induce epigenetic modifications that are transmitted to the embryo at fertilization and modify developmental gene expression programs to ultimately impact subsequent generations. This chapter highlights intergenerational and transgenerational phenotypes in offspring following a history of parental drug exposure. Special attention is paid to parental preconception exposure studies of five drugs of abuse (alcohol, cocaine, nicotine, cannabinoids, and opiates) and associated behavioral and physiological outcomes in offspring. The highlighted studies demonstrate that parental exposure to drugs of abuse has enduring effects that persist into subsequent generations. Understanding the contribution of epigenetic inheritance in drug addiction may provide clues for better treatments and therapies for substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa M Baratta
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Richa S Rathod
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sonja L Plasil
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Amit Seth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gregg E Homanics
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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19
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Jimenez-Blasco D, Busquets-Garcia A, Hebert-Chatelain E, Serrat R, Vicente-Gutierrez C, Ioannidou C, Gómez-Sotres P, Lopez-Fabuel I, Resch-Beusher M, Resel E, Arnouil D, Saraswat D, Varilh M, Cannich A, Julio-Kalajzic F, Bonilla-Del Río I, Almeida A, Puente N, Achicallende S, Lopez-Rodriguez ML, Jollé C, Déglon N, Pellerin L, Josephine C, Bonvento G, Panatier A, Lutz B, Piazza PV, Guzmán M, Bellocchio L, Bouzier-Sore AK, Grandes P, Bolaños JP, Marsicano G. Glucose metabolism links astroglial mitochondria to cannabinoid effects. Nature 2020; 583:603-608. [PMID: 32641832 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes take up glucose from the bloodstream to provide energy to the brain, thereby allowing neuronal activity and behavioural responses1-5. By contrast, astrocytes are under neuronal control through specific neurotransmitter receptors5-7. However, whether the activation of astroglial receptors can directly regulate cellular glucose metabolism to eventually modulate behavioural responses is unclear. Here we show that activation of mouse astroglial type-1 cannabinoid receptors associated with mitochondrial membranes (mtCB1) hampers the metabolism of glucose and the production of lactate in the brain, resulting in altered neuronal functions and, in turn, impaired behavioural responses in social interaction assays. Specifically, activation of astroglial mtCB1 receptors reduces the phosphorylation of the mitochondrial complex I subunit NDUFS4, which decreases the stability and activity of complex I. This leads to a reduction in the generation of reactive oxygen species by astrocytes and affects the glycolytic production of lactate through the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 pathway, eventually resulting in neuronal redox stress and impairment of behavioural responses in social interaction assays. Genetic and pharmacological correction of each of these effects abolishes the effect of cannabinoid treatment on the observed behaviour. These findings suggest that mtCB1 receptor signalling can directly regulate astroglial glucose metabolism to fine-tune neuronal activity and behaviour in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jimenez-Blasco
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Arnau Busquets-Garcia
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Etienne Hebert-Chatelain
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.,Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Roman Serrat
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carlos Vicente-Gutierrez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Christina Ioannidou
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Paula Gómez-Sotres
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Irene Lopez-Fabuel
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Monica Resch-Beusher
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eva Resel
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dorian Arnouil
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dave Saraswat
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marjorie Varilh
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid Cannich
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Itziar Bonilla-Del Río
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Angeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nagore Puente
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Svein Achicallende
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Charlotte Jollé
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies (LCMN), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS-University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1082, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Charlène Josephine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Aude Panatier
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - Pier-Vincenzo Piazza
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Aelis Farma, Bordeaux, France
| | - Manuel Guzmán
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS-University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pedro Grandes
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France. .,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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Ye L, Cao Z, Wang W, Zhou N. New Insights in Cannabinoid Receptor Structure and Signaling. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2020; 12:239-248. [PMID: 30767756 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666190215112036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabinoid has long been used for medicinal purposes. Cannabinoid signaling has been considered the therapeutic target for treating pain, addiction, obesity, inflammation, and other diseases. Recent studies have suggested that in addition to CB1 and CB2, there are non-CB1 and non-CB2 cannabinoid-related orphan GPCRs including GPR18, GPR55, and GPR119. In addition, CB1 and CB2 display allosteric binding and biased signaling, revealing correlations between biased signaling and functional outcomes. Interestingly, new investigations have indicated that CB1 is functionally present within the mitochondria of striated and heart muscles directly regulating intramitochondrial signaling and respiration. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize the recent progress in cannabinoid-related orphan GPCRs, CB1/CB2 structure, Gi/Gs coupling, allosteric ligands and biased signaling, and mitochondria-localized CB1, and discuss the future promise of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Ye
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Naiming Zhou
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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21
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Hazem NM, Zalata A, Alghobary M, Comhaire F, Elabbasy LM. Evaluation of cannabinoid receptors Type 1 and Type 2 mRNA expression in mature versus immature spermatozoa from fertile and infertile males. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13532. [PMID: 32064664 DOI: 10.1111/and.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the main cannabinoid receptors (CBR1 and CBR2) was investigated to evaluate the possible association with the sperm maturation from fertile and infertile individuals. One hundred subjects were classified into fertile (n = 50) and infertile groups (n = 50). Fresh semen samples were collected. Computer-assisted semen analysis and acrosin activity test were done. RNA was extracted from mature and immature sperm pellets. Reverse transcriptase reaction and real-time PCR were done to assess the levels of both CBR1 and CBR2 genes expression in all samples. Mature spermatozoa from both groups showed significantly higher levels of both CBR1 and CBR2 compared with the immature spermatozoa (p < .05). This increment was significantly more important in the fertile group (p < .05). In mature spermatozoa, CBR1 expression was significantly related to variation in sperm morphology, and CBR2 was significantly related to both sperm morphology and linearity index. In conclusion, CBR1 and CBR2 mRNA expression may closely direct the sperm maturation at different steps of the reproductive process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Hazem
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Adel Zalata
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Moheiddin Alghobary
- Dermatology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Frank Comhaire
- Emeritus Professor of Andrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lamiaa M Elabbasy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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22
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The Epigenetics of the Endocannabinoid System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031113. [PMID: 32046164 PMCID: PMC7037698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ES) is a cell-signalling system widely distributed in biological tissues that includes endogenous ligands, receptors, and biosynthetic and hydrolysing machineries. The impairment of the ES has been associated to several pathological conditions like behavioural, neurological, or metabolic disorders and infertility, suggesting that the modulation of this system may be critical for the maintenance of health status and disease treatment. Lifestyle and environmental factors can exert long-term effects on gene expression without any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA, affecting health maintenance and influencing both disease load and resistance. This potentially reversible "epigenetic" modulation of gene expression occurs through the chemical modification of DNA and histone protein tails or the specific production of regulatory non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Recent findings demonstrate the epigenetic modulation of the ES in biological tissues; in the same way, endocannabinoids, phytocannabinoids, and cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists induce widespread or gene-specific epigenetic changes with the possibility of trans-generational epigenetic inheritance in the offspring explained by the transmission of deregulated epigenetic marks in the gametes. Therefore, this review provides an update on the epigenetics of the ES, with particular attention on the emerging role in reproduction and fertility.
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Verhaeghe F, Di Pizio P, Bichara C, Berby B, Rives A, Jumeau F, Sétif V, Sibert L, Rondanino C, Rives N. Cannabis consumption might exert deleterious effects on sperm nuclear quality in infertile men. Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 40:270-280. [PMID: 32001159 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Can cannabis consumption alter sperm nuclear integrity in infertile men? DESIGN A retrospective cross-sectional study conducted between July 2003 and December 2013, which included 54 men who consulted for male-factor infertility. Twenty-seven infertile men who were regular cannabis users were matched to 27 infertile men who were cannabis non-users. To complement the conventional semen parameter and plasma hormone level assessments, sperm nuclear alterations were explored using fluorescence in-situ hybridization to assess numerical chromosomal abnormalities, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling to investigate DNA fragmentation, aniline blue staining to examine chromatin condensation and a motile sperm organelle morphology examination to detect vacuoles in sperm heads. RESULTS The rates of sperm aneuploidy (P = 0.0044), diploidy (P = 0.037), total chromosome abnormalities (P = 0.0027) and DNA fragmentation (P = 0.027) were significantly higher in cannabis users than in non-cannabis users. CONCLUSIONS Cannabis consumption might have deleterious effects on sperm nuclear quality in infertile men by increasing numerical chromosome abnormalities and DNA fragmentation. Cannabis consumption induces these detrimental effects on the progression of spermatogenesis from meiotic stages to spermiogenesis and potentially on post-testicular sperm maturation in infertile men. Any potential findings, however, need to be validated with larger sample size, and our data are only exploratory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- France Verhaeghe
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 'Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality', Rouen Normandy University Hospital, Reproductive Biology Laboratory-CECOS, Assisted Reproductive Center, Rouen F 76000, France
| | - Pierre Di Pizio
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 'Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality', Rouen Normandy University Hospital, Reproductive Biology Laboratory-CECOS, Assisted Reproductive Center, Rouen F 76000, France
| | - Cynthia Bichara
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 'Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality', Rouen Normandy University Hospital, Reproductive Biology Laboratory-CECOS, Assisted Reproductive Center, Rouen F 76000, France
| | - Benoit Berby
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 'Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality', Rouen Normandy University Hospital, Reproductive Biology Laboratory-CECOS, Assisted Reproductive Center, Rouen F 76000, France
| | - Aurélie Rives
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 'Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality', Rouen Normandy University Hospital, Reproductive Biology Laboratory-CECOS, Assisted Reproductive Center, Rouen F 76000, France
| | - Fanny Jumeau
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 'Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality', Rouen Normandy University Hospital, Reproductive Biology Laboratory-CECOS, Assisted Reproductive Center, Rouen F 76000, France
| | - Véronique Sétif
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 'Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality', Rouen Normandy University Hospital, Reproductive Biology Laboratory-CECOS, Assisted Reproductive Center, Rouen F 76000, France
| | - Louis Sibert
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 'Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality', Rouen Normandy University Hospital, Department of Urology, Assisted Reproductive Center, Rouen F 76000, France
| | - Christine Rondanino
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 'Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality', Rouen Normandy University Hospital, Reproductive Biology Laboratory-CECOS, Assisted Reproductive Center, Rouen F 76000, France
| | - Nathalie Rives
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 'Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality', Rouen Normandy University Hospital, Reproductive Biology Laboratory-CECOS, Assisted Reproductive Center, Rouen F 76000, France.
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Abstract
PURPOSE With cannabis consumption on the rise and use prominent among males of reproductive age it is essential to understand the potential impact of cannabis on male fertility. We reviewed the literature regarding the effects of cannabis on male fertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a literature search using PubMed®/MEDLINE® to identify relevant studies of the effects of cannabis on male fertility. Relevant studies were identified and reviewed. RESULTS The strongest evidence of cannabis induced alterations in male fertility is in the category of semen parameters. Research supports a role for cannabis in reducing sperm count and concentration, inducing abnormalities in sperm morphology, reducing sperm motility and viability, and inhibiting capacitation and fertilizing capacity. Animal models demonstrate a role for cannabis in testicular atrophy, and reduced libido and sexual function but to our knowledge these results have not yet been replicated in human studies. Studies of hormonal changes suggest inconclusive effects on testosterone levels, lowered luteinizing hormone levels and unchanged follicle-stimulating hormone levels. CONCLUSIONS Current research suggests that cannabis may negatively impact male fertility. Further studies are needed to validate that robust findings in animal models will carry over into human experience. Clinicians should be aware of these potential effects when prescribing medical marijuana therapies to men of reproductive age, and they should consider the degree of cannabis use as a possible component of a complete male infertility workup.
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Martínez-León E, Osycka-Salut C, Signorelli J, Kong M, Morales P, Pérez-Martínez S, Díaz ES. Fibronectin modulates the endocannabinoid system through the cAMP/PKA pathway during human sperm capacitation. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:224-238. [PMID: 30582781 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin (Fn) enhances human sperm capacitation via the cAMP/PKA pathway, and the endocannabinoid system participates in this process. Moreover, Fn has been linked to endocannabinoid system components in different cellular models, even though no evidence of such interactions in human sperm is available. Normal semen samples were evaluated over a 4-year period. Our findings suggest that (a) the capacitating effects of Fn were reversed by preincubating the sperm with a cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) or transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) antagonist ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively); (b) cooperation between CB1 and TRPV1 may exist ( p < 0.01); (c) the activity of specific fatty acid amide hydroxylase (FAAH) decreased after 1 min ( p < 0.01) and increased after 60 min ( p < 0.01) of capacitation in the presence of Fn; (d) the effects of Fn on FAAH activity were prevented by preincubating spermatozoa with a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor ( p < 0.01); (e) Fn modulated both the cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentration and PKA activity ( p < 0.05) during early capacitation; and (f) FAAH was a PKA substrate modulated by phosphorylation. These findings indicate that Fn stimulates human sperm capacitation via the cAMP/PKA pathway through modulation of the endocannabinoid system. Understanding the functional competence of human spermatozoa is essential for facilitating clinical advances in infertility treatment and for developing novel contraceptive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Martínez-León
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Claudia Osycka-Salut
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción en Mamíferos, Centro de estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-CONICET/UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Janetti Signorelli
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Milene Kong
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Patricio Morales
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.,Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Silvina Pérez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción en Mamíferos, Centro de estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-CONICET/UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilce Silvina Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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Alagbonsi IA, Olayaki LA. Melatonin attenuates Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol-induced reduction in rat sperm motility and kinematics in-vitro. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 77:62-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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27
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Busquets-Garcia A, Bains J, Marsicano G. CB 1 Receptor Signaling in the Brain: Extracting Specificity from Ubiquity. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:4-20. [PMID: 28862250 PMCID: PMC5719111 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are amongst the most ubiquitous signaling molecules in the nervous system. Over the past few decades, observations based on a large volume of work, first examining the pharmacological effects of exogenous cannabinoids, and then the physiological functions of eCBs, have directly challenged long-held and dogmatic views about communication, plasticity and behavior in the central nervous system (CNS). The eCBs and their cognate cannabinoid receptors exhibit a number of unique properties that distinguish them from the widely studied classical amino-acid transmitters, neuropeptides, and catecholamines. Although we now have a loose set of mechanistic rules based on experimental findings, new studies continue to reveal that our understanding of the eCB system (ECS) is continuously evolving and challenging long-held conventions. Here we will briefly summarize findings on the current canonical view of the 'ECS' and will address novel aspects that reveal how a nearly ubiquitous system can determine highly specific functions in the brain. In particular, we will focus on findings that push for an expansion of our ideas around long-held beliefs about eCB signaling that, while clearly true, may be contributing to an oversimplified perspective on how cannabinoid signaling at the microscopic level impacts behavior at the macroscopic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Busquets-Garcia
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Team ‘Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation’, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jaideep Bains
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Team ‘Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation’, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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28
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Melser S, Pagano Zottola AC, Serrat R, Puente N, Grandes P, Marsicano G, Hebert-Chatelain E. Functional Analysis of Mitochondrial CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors (mtCB1) in the Brain. Methods Enzymol 2017; 593:143-174. [PMID: 28750801 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that, besides its canonical localization at cell plasma membranes, the type-1 cannabinoid receptor, CB1 is functionally present at brain and muscle mitochondrial membranes (mtCB1). Through mtCB1 receptors, cannabinoids can directly regulate intramitochondrial signaling and respiration. This new and surprising discovery paves the way to new potential fields of research, dealing with the direct impact of G protein-coupled receptors on bioenergetic processes and its functional implications. In this chapter, we summarize some key experimental approaches established in our laboratories to identify anatomical, biochemical, and functional features of mtCB1 receptors in the brain. In particular, we describe the procedures to obtain reliable and controlled detection of mtCB1 receptors by immunogold electromicroscopy and by immunoblotting methods. Then, we address the study of direct cannabinoid effects on the electron transport system and oxidative phosphorylation. Finally, we present a functional example of the impact of mtCB1 receptors on mitochondrial mobility in cultured neurons. Considering the youth of the field, these methodological approaches will very likely be improved and refined in the future, but this chapter aims at presenting the methods that are currently used and, in particular, at underlining the need of rigorous controls to obtain reliable results. We hope that this chapter might help scientists becoming interested in this new and exciting field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Melser
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Team "Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation", Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Antonio C Pagano Zottola
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Team "Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation", Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Roman Serrat
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Team "Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation", Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nagore Puente
- Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Pedro Grandes
- Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain; University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Team "Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation", Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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Li S, Winuthayanon W. Oviduct: roles in fertilization and early embryo development. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:R1-R26. [PMID: 27875265 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Animal oviducts and human Fallopian tubes are a part of the female reproductive tract that hosts fertilization and pre-implantation development of the embryo. With an increasing understanding of roles of the oviduct at the cellular and molecular levels, current research signifies the importance of the oviduct on naturally conceived fertilization and pre-implantation embryo development. This review highlights the physiological conditions within the oviduct during fertilization, environmental regulation, oviductal fluid composition and its role in protecting embryos and supplying nutrients. Finally, the review compares different aspects of naturally occurring fertilization and assisted reproductive technology (ART)-achieved fertilization and embryo development, giving insight into potential areas for improvement in this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- School of Molecular BiosciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Wipawee Winuthayanon
- School of Molecular BiosciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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30
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Mendizabal-Zubiaga J, Melser S, Bénard G, Ramos A, Reguero L, Arrabal S, Elezgarai I, Gerrikagoitia I, Suarez J, Rodríguez De Fonseca F, Puente N, Marsicano G, Grandes P. Cannabinoid CB 1 Receptors Are Localized in Striated Muscle Mitochondria and Regulate Mitochondrial Respiration. Front Physiol 2016; 7:476. [PMID: 27826249 PMCID: PMC5078489 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor is widely distributed in the brain and peripheral organs where it regulates cellular functions and metabolism. In the brain, CB1 is mainly localized on presynaptic axon terminals but is also found on mitochondria (mtCB1), where it regulates cellular respiration and energy production. Likewise, CB1 is localized on muscle mitochondria, but very little is known about it. The aim of this study was to further investigate in detail the distribution and functional role of mtCB1 in three different striated muscles. Immunoelectron microscopy for CB1 was used in skeletal muscles (gastrocnemius and rectus abdominis) and myocardium from wild-type and CB1-KO mice. Functional assessments were performed in mitochondria purified from the heart of the mice and the mitochondrial oxygen consumption upon application of different acute delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) concentrations (100 nM or 200 nM) was monitored. About 26% of the mitochondrial profiles in gastrocnemius, 22% in the rectus abdominis and 17% in the myocardium expressed CB1. Furthermore, the proportion of mtCB1 versus total CB1 immunoparticles was about 60% in the gastrocnemius, 55% in the rectus abdominis and 78% in the myocardium. Importantly, the CB1 immunolabeling pattern disappeared in muscles of CB1-KO mice. Functionally, acute 100 nM or 200 nM THC treatment specifically decreased mitochondria coupled respiration between 12 and 15% in wild-type isolated mitochondria of myocardial muscles but no significant difference was noticed between THC treated and vehicle in mitochondria isolated from CB1-KO heart. Furthermore, gene expression of key enzymes involved in pyruvate synthesis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and mitochondrial respiratory chain was evaluated in the striated muscle of CB1-WT and CB1-KO. CB1-KO showed an increase in the gene expression of Eno3, Pkm2, and Pdha1, suggesting an increased production of pyruvate. In contrast, no significant difference was observed in the Sdha and Cox4i1 expression, between CB1-WT and CB1-KO. In conclusion, CB1 receptors in skeletal and myocardial muscles are predominantly localized in mitochondria. The activation of mtCB1 receptors may participate in the mitochondrial regulation of the oxidative activity probably through the relevant enzymes implicated in the pyruvate metabolism, a main substrate for TCA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mendizabal-Zubiaga
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque CountryLeioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia Science and Technology ParkZamudio, Spain
| | - Su Melser
- Group "Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation," NeuroCentre Magendie, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, U81215Bordeaux, France; Group "Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation," NeuroCentre Magendie, Université de BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Bénard
- Group "Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation," NeuroCentre Magendie, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, U81215Bordeaux, France; Group "Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation," NeuroCentre Magendie, Université de BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Almudena Ramos
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque CountryLeioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia Science and Technology ParkZamudio, Spain
| | - Leire Reguero
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque CountryLeioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia Science and Technology ParkZamudio, Spain
| | - Sergio Arrabal
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Izaskun Elezgarai
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque CountryLeioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia Science and Technology ParkZamudio, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Gerrikagoitia
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque CountryLeioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia Science and Technology ParkZamudio, Spain
| | - Juan Suarez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez De Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Nagore Puente
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque CountryLeioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia Science and Technology ParkZamudio, Spain
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- Group "Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation," NeuroCentre Magendie, Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, U81215Bordeaux, France; Group "Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation," NeuroCentre Magendie, Université de BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Pedro Grandes
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque CountryLeioa, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia Science and Technology ParkZamudio, Spain; Division of Medical Sciences, University of VictoriaVictoria, BC, Canada
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Alagbonsi IA, Olayaki LA, Salman TM. Melatonin and vitamin C exacerbate Cannabis sativa-induced testicular damage when administered separately but ameliorate it when combined in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 27:277-287. [PMID: 26479341 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms involved in the spermatotoxic effect of Cannabis sativa are inconclusive. The involvement of oxidative stress in male factor infertility has been well documented, and the antioxidative potential of melatonin and vitamin C in many oxidative stress conditions has been well reported. This study sought to investigate whether melatonin and vitamin C will ameliorate C. sativa-induced spermatotoxicity or not. METHODS Fifty-five (55) male albino rats (250-300 g) were randomly divided in a blinded fashion into five oral treatment groups as follows: group I (control, n=5) received 1 mL/kg of 10% ethanol for 30 days; groups IIa, IIb, and IIc (n=5 each) received 2 mg/kg C. sativa for 20, 30, and 40 days, respectively; groups IIIa, IIIb, and IIIc (n=5 each) received a combination of 2 mg/kg C. sativa and 4 mg/kg melatonin for 20, 30, and 40 days, respectively; groups IVa, IVb, and IVc (n=5 each) received a combination of 2 mg/kg C. sativa and 1.25 g/kg vitamin C for 20, 30, and 40 days, respectively; group V (n=5) received a combination of 2 mg/kg C. sativa, 4 mg/kg melatonin, and 1.25 g/kg vitamin C for 30 days. RESULTS Cannabis treatments reduced the Johnsen score, sperm count, motility, morphology, paired testicular/body weight ratio, and total antioxidant capacity, but increased lactate dehydrogenase activity. In addition, supplementation of cannabis-treated rats with either melatonin or vitamin C exacerbates the effect of cannabis on those parameters, whereas combination of melatonin and vitamin C reversed the trend to the level comparable to control. CONCLUSIONS This study further showed the gonadotoxic effect of C. sativa, which could be mediated by oxidative stress. It also showed that melatonin and vitamin C exacerbate C. sativa-induced testicular damage when administered separately but ameliorate it when combined in rats.
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Marijuana, phytocannabinoids, the endocannabinoid system, and male fertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 32:1575-88. [PMID: 26277482 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Marijuana has the highest consumption rate among all of the illicit drugs used in the USA, and its popularity as both a recreational and medicinal drug is increasing especially among men of reproductive age. Male factor infertility is on the increase, and the exposure to the cannabinoid compounds released by marijuana could be a contributing cause. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is deeply involved in the complex regulation of male reproduction through the endogenous release of endocannabinoids and binding to cannabinoid receptors. Disturbing the delicate balance of the ECS due to marijuana use can negatively impact reproductive potential. Various in vivo and in vitro studies have reported on the empirical role that marijuana plays in disrupting the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, spermatogenesis, and sperm function such as motility, capacitation, and the acrosome reaction. In this review, we highlight the latest evidence regarding the effect of marijuana use on male fertility and also provide a detailed insight into the ECS and its significance in the male reproductive system.
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Montanaro D, Santoro M, Carpino A, Perrotta I, De Amicis F, Sirianni R, Rago V, Gervasi S, Aquila S. Human sperm liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) acts as a downstream target of the estrogen signaling pathway. J Anat 2015; 227:541-9. [PMID: 26241668 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the study of human sperm anatomy, at molecular level, has revealed the presence of several nuclear protein receptors. In this work, we examined the expression profile and the ultrastructural localization of liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) in human spermatozoa. We evidenced the presence of the receptor by Western blotting and real time-RT-PCR. Furthermore, we used immunogold electron microscopy to investigate the sperm anatomical regions containing LRH-1. The receptor was mainly located in the sperm head, whereas its expression was reduced in the neck and across the tail. Interestingly, we observed the presence of LRH-1 in different stages of testicular germ cell development by immunohistochemistry. In somatic cells, it has been suggested that the LRH-1 pathway is tightly linked with estrogen signaling and the important role of estradiol has been widely studied in sperm cells. To assess the significance of LRH-1 in male gametes and to deepen understanding of the role of estrogens in these cells, we investigated important sperm features such as motility, survival and capacitation. Spermatozoa were treated with 10 nm estradiol and the inhibition of LRH-1 reversed the estradiol stimulatory action. From our data, we discovered that human spermatozoa can be considered a new site of expression for LRH-1, evidencing its role in sperm motility, survival and cholesterol efflux. Furthermore, we may presume that in spermatozoa the LRH-1 effects are closely integrated with the estrogen signaling, supporting LRH-1 as a downstream effector of the estradiol pathway on some sperm functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Montanaro
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Marta Santoro
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy.,Post-graduate School in Clinical Pathology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Amalia Carpino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Ida Perrotta
- Department of Di BEST, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | | | - Saveria Aquila
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy
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Mitochondrial CB1 receptor is involved in ACEA-induced protective effects on neurons and mitochondrial functions. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26215450 PMCID: PMC4516969 DOI: 10.1038/srep12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to cell death after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Cannabinoid CB1 receptor is expressed in neuronal mitochondrial membranes (mtCB1R) and involved in regulating mitochondrial functions under physiological conditions. However, whether mtCB1R affords neuroprotection against I/R injury remains unknown. We used mouse models of cerebral I/R, primary cultured hippocampal neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and Ca(2+)-induced injury in purified neuronal mitochondria to investigate the role of mtCB1R in neuroprotection. Our results showed selective cell-permeant CB1 receptor agonist, arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide (ACEA), significantly up-regulated the expression of mtCB1R protein in hippocampal neurons and tissue. In vitro, ACEA restored cell viability, inhibited generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and reduced apoptosis, improved mitochondrial function. In vivo, ACEA ameliorated neurological scores, diminished the number of TUNEL-positive neurons and decreased the expression of cleaved caspase-3. However, ACEA-induced benefits were blocked by the selective cell-permeant CB1 receptor antagonist AM251, but just partially by the selective cell-impermeant CB1 receptor antagonist hemopressin. In purified neuronal mitochondria, mtCB1R activation attenuated Ca(2+)-induced mitochondrial injury. In conclusion, mtCB1R is involved in ACEA-induced protective effects on neurons and mitochondrial functions, suggesting mtCB1R may be a potential novel target for the treatment of brain ischemic injury.
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Multigenerational and transgenerational inheritance of drug exposure: The effects of alcohol, opiates, cocaine, marijuana, and nicotine. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 118:21-33. [PMID: 25839742 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Familial inheritance of drug abuse is composed of both genetic and environmental factors. Additionally, epigenetic transgenerational inheritance may provide a means by which parental drug use can influence several generations of offspring. Recent evidence suggests that parental drug exposure produces behavioral, biochemical, and neuroanatomical changes in future generations. The focus of this review is to discuss these multigenerational and transgenerational phenotypes in the offspring of animals exposed to drugs of abuse. Specifically, changes found following the administration of alcohol, opioids, cocaine, marijuana, and nicotine will be discussed. In addition, epigenetic modifications to the genome following administration of these drugs will be detailed as well as their potential for transmission to the next generation.
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Rapino C, Battista N, Bari M, Maccarrone M. Endocannabinoids as biomarkers of human reproduction. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20:501-16. [PMID: 24516083 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility is a condition of the reproductive system that affects ∼10-15% of couples attempting to conceive a baby. More than half of all cases of infertility are a result of female conditions, while the remaining cases can be attributed to male factors, or to a combination of both. The search for suitable biomarkers of pregnancy outcome is a challenging issue in human reproduction, aimed at identifying molecules with predictive significance of the reproductive potential of male and female gametes. Among the various candidates, endocannabinoids (eCBs), and in particular anandamide (AEA), represent potential biomarkers of human fertility disturbances. Any perturbation of the balance between synthesis and degradation of eCBs will result in local changes of their tone in human female and male reproductive tracts, which in turn regulates various pathophysiological processes, oocyte and sperm maturation included. METHODS PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for papers using relevant keywords like 'biomarker', 'endocannabinoid', 'infertility', 'pregnancy' and 'reproduction'. RESULTS In this review, we discuss different studies on the measurements of AEA and related eCBs in human reproductive cells, tissues and fluids, where the local contribution of these bioactive lipids could be critical in ensuring normal sperm fertilizing ability and pregnancy. CONCLUSION Based on the available data, we suggest that the AEA tone has the potential to be exploited as a novel diagnostic biomarker of infertility, to be used in association with assays of conventional hormones (e.g. progesterone, β-chorionic gonadotrophin) and semen analysis. However further quantitative research of its predictive capacity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Rapino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Natalia Battista
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Bari
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy Center of Integrated Research, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Cannabinoids inhibit energetic metabolism and induce AMPK-dependent autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e664. [PMID: 23764845 PMCID: PMC3698539 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The anti-tumoral effects of cannabinoids have been described in different tumor systems, including pancreatic adenocarcinoma, but their mechanism of action remains unclear. We used cannabinoids specific for the CB1 (ACPA) and CB2 (GW) receptors and metabolomic analyses to unravel the potential pathways mediating cannabinoid-dependent inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell growth. Panc1 cells treated with cannabinoids show elevated AMPK activation induced by a ROS-dependent increase of AMP/ATP ratio. ROS promote nuclear translocation of GAPDH, which is further amplified by AMPK, thereby attenuating glycolysis. Furthermore, ROS determine the accumulation of NADH, suggestive of a blockage in the respiratory chain, which in turn inhibits the Krebs cycle. Concomitantly, inhibition of Akt/c-Myc pathway leads to decreased activity of both the pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2), further downregulating glycolysis, and glutamine uptake. Altogether, these alterations of pancreatic cancer cell metabolism mediated by cannabinoids result in a strong induction of autophagy and in the inhibition of cell growth.
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Amoako AA, Marczylo TH, Marczylo EL, Elson J, Willets JM, Taylor AH, Konje JC. Anandamide modulates human sperm motility: implications for men with asthenozoospermia and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Hum Reprod 2013; 28:2058-66. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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De Amicis F, Perrotta I, Santoro M, Guido C, Morelli C, Cesario MG, Bruno R, Aquila S. Human Sperm Anatomy: Different Expression and Localization of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in Normal and Varicocele Human Spermatozoa. Ultrastruct Pathol 2013; 37:176-82. [DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2013.763881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Amoako AA, Gebeh AK, Marczylo EL, Willets JM, Elson J, Marczylo TH, Konje JC. Impact of reference gene selection for type 2 cannabinoid receptor gene expression studies in human spermatozoa. Andrologia 2012; 45:278-84. [PMID: 22928818 DOI: 10.1111/and.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) has been employed to study the gene expression profiles in human spermatozoa, but accurate analysis is dependent upon normalisation of data against an endogenous control. β-Actin (ACTB) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) are the most commonly used reference genes for normalisation of gene expression in human spermatozoa, but the expression of these genes in many tissues has considerable variation under different physiological, pathological and experimental conditions which limits their effectiveness in normalisation. The expression stability of a panel of 12 reference genes was studied in normal and pathological human spermatozoa using geNorm and NormFinder software. Although there were some discrepancies in the ranking of reference gene stability, each software program ranked B2 M, ACTB, CYC1 and 18S RNA within the top 5 and recommended the combined use of at least two reference genes. Normalisation of qRT-PCR data for the cannabinoid receptor type 2 in spermatozoa using the different housekeeping genes demonstrated how, without validation, conflicting results are obtained. We recommend that the arbitrary use of reference genes should be avoided and the validation of reference gene stability should be undertaken prior to every study. For normalisation of CB2 expression, we would recommend using the geometric mean of B2 M and ACTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Amoako
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Science Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Morgan DJ, Muller CH, Murataeva NA, Davis BJ, Mackie K. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) attenuates mouse sperm motility and male fecundity. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:2575-83. [PMID: 21615727 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Numerous studies have shown that N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) can inhibit sperm motility and function but the ability of cannabinoids to inhibit sperm motility is not well understood. We investigated the effects of WIN 55,212-2, a CB(1) cannabinoid receptor agonist, and Δ(9) -tetrahydracannabinol (Δ(9) -THC) on the ATP levels and motility of murine sperm in vitro. In addition, the effects of acute administration of Δ(9) -THC on male fecundity were determined. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of Δ(9) -THC on basal sperm kinematics were determined using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Stop-motion imaging was performed to measure sperm beat frequency. The effect of Δ(9) -THC on sperm ATP was determined using a luciferase assay. Male fertility was determined by evaluating the size of litters sired by Δ(9) -THC-treated males. KEY RESULTS Pretreatment of sperm for 15 min with 1 µM Δ(9) -THC reduced their basal motility and attenuated the ability of bicarbonate to stimulate flagellar beat frequency. Treatment with 5 µM WIN 55,212-2 or 10 µM Δ(9) -THC for 30 min reduced sperm ATP levels. In sperm lacking CB(1) receptors this inhibitory effect of WIN 55,212-2 on ATP was attenuated whereas that of Δ(9) -THC persisted. Administration of 50 mg·kg(-1) Δ(9) -THC to male mice just before mating caused a 20% decrease in embryonic litter size. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Δ(9) -THC inhibits both basal and bicarbonate-stimulated sperm motility in vitro and reduces male fertility in vivo. High concentrations of WIN 55,212-2 or Δ(9) -THC inhibit ATP production in sperm; this effect of WIN 55,212-2 is CB(1) receptor-dependent whereas that of Δ(9) -THC is not. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue-8. To view Part I of Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.163.issue-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Morgan
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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Mitochondrial CB₁ receptors regulate neuronal energy metabolism. Nat Neurosci 2012; 15:558-64. [PMID: 22388959 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian brain is one of the organs with the highest energy demands, and mitochondria are key determinants of its functions. Here we show that the type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB(1)) is present at the membranes of mouse neuronal mitochondria (mtCB(1)), where it directly controls cellular respiration and energy production. Through activation of mtCB(1) receptors, exogenous cannabinoids and in situ endocannabinoids decreased cyclic AMP concentration, protein kinase A activity, complex I enzymatic activity and respiration in neuronal mitochondria. In addition, intracellular CB(1) receptors and mitochondrial mechanisms contributed to endocannabinoid-dependent depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition in the hippocampus. Thus, mtCB(1) receptors directly modulate neuronal energy metabolism, revealing a new mechanism of action of G protein-coupled receptor signaling in the brain.
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Human sperm physiology: Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) influence sperm metabolism and may be involved in the pathophysiology of varicocele-associated male infertility. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:3403-12. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bregman T, Fride E. Treatment with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) prevents infertility in male cystic fibrosis mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 22:29-32. [PMID: 22865360 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp.2011.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary disease caused by mutations of the gene encoding a channel protein CFTR, conducting Cl- and HCO3 - ions. The disease is characterized by disturbances in most physiological systems, and more than 95% of men are infertile. The mechanism underlying the etiology of CF is associated with an imbalance of fatty acids. It has been suggested that the function of the endocannabinoid system is also disturbed in CF, because endocannabinoids are derivatives of fatty acids. We assumed, therefore, that endocannabinoid activity, which plays an important role in fertility, is disrupted in CF and could be one of the causes of infertility. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that stimulation of endocannabinoid receptors in infancy would normalize their function and prevent infertility in adulthood. METHODS Knockout male mice (cftr-/-) were treated with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), endocannabinoid receptors agonist, in infancy from days 7 until 28, daily. RESULTS CF males treated with THC were fully fertile, producing offspring comparable by the number of litters and the number of pups with wild-type mice. CF males that were not treated with THC were completely infertile. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that (i) endocannabinoid function is impaired in CF mice, as evidenced by the regenerating effect of its stimulation on the fertility of otherwise infertile males, (ii) endocannabinoid system dysfunction is apparently the determining factor causing infertility in CF, and (iii) mild stimulation of the endocannabinoid system in infancy and adolescence appears to normalize many reproductive processes and thereby prevent infertility in CF males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Bregman
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University Center of Samaria, Ariel, Israel.
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Malfitano AM, Ciaglia E, Gangemi G, Gazzerro P, Laezza C, Bifulco M. Update on the endocannabinoid system as an anticancer target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:297-308. [PMID: 21244344 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.553606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have shown that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) could offer an attractive antitumor target. Numerous findings suggest the involvement of this system (constituted mainly by cannabinoid receptors, endogenous compounds and the enzymes for their synthesis and degradation) in cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. AREAS COVERED This review covers literature from the past decade which highlights the potential of targeting the ECS for cancer treatment. In particular, the levels of endocannabinoids and the expression of their receptors in several types of cancer are discussed, along with the signaling pathways involved in the endocannabinoid antitumor effects. Furthermore, the beneficial and adverse effects of old and novel compounds in clinical use are discussed. EXPERT OPINION One direction that should be pursued in antitumor therapy is to select compounds with reduced psychoactivity. This is known to be connected to the CB1 receptor; thus, targeting the CB2 receptor is a popular objective. CB1 receptors could be maintained as a target to design new compounds, and mixed CB1-CB2 ligands could be effective if they are able to not cross the BBB. Furthermore, targeting the ECS with agents that activate cannabinoid receptors or inhibitors of endogenous degrading systems such as fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors may have relevant therapeutic impact on tumor growth. Additional studies into the downstream consequences of endocannabinoid treatment are required and may illuminate other potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Malfitano
- University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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Barbonetti A, Vassallo MRC, Fortunato D, Francavilla S, Maccarrone M, Francavilla F. Energetic metabolism and human sperm motility: impact of CB₁ receptor activation. Endocrinology 2010; 151:5882-92. [PMID: 20962050 PMCID: PMC2999496 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) exerts an adverse effect on human sperm motility, which has been ascribed to inhibition of mitochondrial activity. This seems to be at variance with evidence suggesting a major role of glycolysis in supplying ATP for sperm motility; furthermore, the role of AEA-binding receptors in mediating mitochondrial inhibition has not yet been explored. In this study, human sperm exposure to Met-AEA (methanandamide, nonhydrolyzable analog of AEA) in the micromolar range significantly decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), similarly to rotenone, mitochondrial complex I inhibitor. The effect of Met-AEA (1 μm) was prevented by SR141716, CB(1) cannabinoid receptor antagonist, but not by SR144528, CB(2) antagonist, nor by iodoresiniferatoxin, vanilloid receptor antagonist. The effect of Met-AEA did not involve activation of caspase-9 or caspase-3 and was reverted by washing. In the presence of glucose, sperm exposure either to Met-AEA up to 1 μm or to rotenone for up to 18 h did not affect sperm motility. At higher doses Met-AEA produced a CB(1)-independent poisoning of spermatozoa, reducing their viability. Under glycolysis blockage, 1 μm Met-AEA, similarly to rotenone, dramatically abolished sperm motility, an effect that was prevented by SR1 and reverted by washing. In conclusion, CB(1) activation induced a nonapoptotic decrease of ΔΨm, the detrimental reflection on sperm motility of which could be revealed only under glycolysis blockage, unless very high doses of Met-AEA, producing CB(1)-independent sperm toxicity, were used. The effects of CB(1) activation reported here contribute to elucidate the relationship between energetic metabolism and human sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barbonetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Abstract
Starting from an historical overview of lasting Cannabis use over the centuries, we will focus on a description of the cannabinergic system, with a comprehensive analysis of chemical and pharmacological properties of endogenous and synthetic cannabimimetic analogues. The metabolic pathways and the signal transduction mechanisms, activated by cannabinoid receptors stimulation, will also be discussed. In particular, we will point out the action of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids on the different neuronal networks involved in reproductive axis, and locally, on male and female reproductive tracts, by emphasizing the pivotal role played by this system in the control of fertility.
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Bambang KN, Karasu T, Gebeh A, Taylor AH, Marczylo TH, Lam P, Willets JM, Konje JC. From Fertilisation to Implantation in Mammalian Pregnancy-Modulation of Early Human Reproduction by the Endocannabinoid System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:2910-2929. [PMID: 27713383 PMCID: PMC4034104 DOI: 10.3390/ph3092910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing recognition that the endocannabinoid system is the crucial cytokine-hormone system regulating early human pregnancy. The synchronous development of the fertilized embryo and the endometrium to ensure timely implantation has been shown to be one of the pivotal steps to successful implantation. This development is thought to be regulated by a finely balanced relationship between various components of the endocannabinoid system in the endometrium, the embryo and the Fallopian tube. In addition, this system has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of the development and maturation of the gametes prior to fertilization. In this review, we will examine the evidence from animal and human studies to support the role of the endocannabinoid system in gametogenesis, fertilization, implantation, early pregnancy maintenance, and in immunomodulation of pregnancy. We will discuss the role of the cannabinoid receptors and the enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of the key endocannabinoid ligands (e.g., anandamide and 2-arachinoylglycerol) in early reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina N Bambang
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK.
| | - Tulay Karasu
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK.
| | - Alpha Gebeh
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK.
| | - Anthony H Taylor
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK.
| | - Timothy H Marczylo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK.
| | - Patricia Lam
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK.
| | - Jonathon M Willets
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK.
| | - Justin C Konje
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK.
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Aquila S, Guido C, Santoro A, Gazzerro P, Laezza C, Baffa MF, Andò S, Bifulco M. Rimonabant (SR141716) induces metabolism and acquisition of fertilizing ability in human sperm. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 159:831-41. [PMID: 20067470 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00570.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The endocannabinoid system and the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor have been identified in human sperm, and it is well known that endocannabinoids have pronounced adverse effects on male and female reproduction. In order to elucidate further the pathophysiological role of the endocannabinoid system in male fertility, we investigated the activity of the CB(1) receptor antagonist rimonabant (SR141716) on the fertilizing ability of human sperm. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We evaluated in vitro the effects of rimonabant on motility, survival, capacitation, acrosin activity and metabolism of human sperm. Particularly, capacitation was studied by using three different approaches: intracellular free Ca(2+) content assay, cholesterol efflux assay and protein tyrosine phosphorylation analysis. KEY RESULTS Rimonabant significantly increased sperm motility and viability through the induction of pAkt and pBcl2, key proteins of cell survival and metabolism, and it induced acrosome reaction and capacitation as well. Rimonabant reduced the triglyceride content of sperm, while enhancing lipase and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities, implying an overall lipolytic action in these cells. Rimonabant also affected sperm glucose metabolism by decreasing phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 and increasing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, suggesting a role in inducing sperm energy expenditure. Intriguingly, agonism at the CB(1) receptor, with an anandamide analogue or a selective inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase, produced opposing effects on human sperm functions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data suggest that blockade of the CB(1) receptor by rimonabant induces the acquisition of fertilizing ability and stimulates energy expenditure in human sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aquila
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Italy
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