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Liu H, Kong L, Cao D, Zhan X, Gao X, Sun H, Yan G, Zhao Q, Han Y, Wang X. Efficacy and mechanism of the Ermiao San series of formulas for rheumatoid arthritis based on Chinmedomics strategy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155903. [PMID: 39047412 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ermiao San Series of Formulas (ESSF) refers to Ermiao San (TS), Sanmiao Wan (TW), and Simiao Wan (FW), which are widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the therapeutic advantages and underlying mechanisms of ESSF treatment are unclear, especially regarding the improper selection of these three formulas when treating RA. PURPOSE To explore the efficacy and mechanisms of ESSF treatment for RA. METHODS Complete Freund's adjuvant was used to induce RA in rats. Chinmedomics strategy, which included metabolomics, serum pharmacochemistry of TCM, molecular docking, western blotting and qPCR, was applied to reveal the therapeutic advantages, pathways, and targets of ESSF. RESULTS In the early stages of treatment, TS quickly reduced joint swelling and the arthritis score index and regulated pathways such as arachidonic acid metabolism and purine metabolism. TW increases the regulation of tryptophan metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism pathways, promoting the recovery of the thymus and spleen. FW increases the regulation of linoleic acid metabolism and has the greatest effect on immune organ and bone recovery. In addition, 54, 67, and 86 bioactive compounds were detected in the serum from TS, TW, and FW, respectively. Berberine, phellodendrine, atractylolide III, limonin, 25R-inokosterone, coixol, and stigmasterol were found to act on the key enzymes COX-2, mPGES-1, ALOX5, and XDH in arachidonic acid metabolism and purine metabolism pathways. Western blot and qPCR results showed that ESSF can reduce the activity of these targets, thereby inhibiting the expression of the inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α; the tissue injury factors MMP-3 and CRP; and the rheumatoid factors CCP Ab and RF, thereby achieving anti-RA efficacy. CONCLUSION ESSF has a good therapeutic effect on RA. TS focus on rapid swelling reduction in the early stages of RA, TW focus on the recovery of immune organ function, and FW can be used for bone recovery in the later stage of RA treatment. The key mechanism of treating RA is that ESSF reduces the activity of COX-2, mPGES-1, ALOX5, and XDH. These findings provide valuable guidance for targeted therapy for RA and for the clinical application of ESSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ling Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dongdong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Guangli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau.
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Iser-Bem PN, Lobato TB, Alecrim-Zeza AL, Dos Santos de Oliveira LC, Passos MEP, Manuel R, Diniz VLS, Correa IS, de Oliveira SP, Silva EBD, Almeida MMD, Dias BB, Gritte RB, Levada-Pires AC, Masi LN, Hatanaka E, Pithon-Curi TC, Hirabara SM, Fabi JP, Curi R, Gorjao R. Ganoderma lucidum dry extract supplementation modulates T lymphocyte function in older women. Br J Nutr 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38800991 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524001144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (a mushroom used in traditional Chinese medicine) compounds may attenuate ageing-related physiological changes and restore normal immunity. However, studies on the physiological effects of Ganoderma lucidum dry extract food supplements are few. Therefore, here, we aimed to investigate the effects of Ganoderma lucidum dry extract food supplement on the lymphocyte function of older women. This was a double-blind clinical trial (n 60) with a final 39 older volunteers, divided into two groups Ganoderma lucidum (n 23) and placebo (n 16). The Ganoderma lucidum group received 2000 mg/d of Ganoderma lucidum dry extract for 8 weeks. We used flow cytometry to determine the lymphocyte profile. CD4+ lymphocyte gene expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. We observed that in the Ganoderma lucidum group, concanavalin A stimulation increased lymphocyte proliferation. Further, we observed an increase in expression of Forkhead box P3, transforming growth factor-beta, IL-10, IL-6, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma, GATA-binding protein 3 and interferon gamma genes in the Ganoderma lucidum group. Furthermore, in the Ganoderma lucidum group, ionomycin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation led to decrease in Th17+ cells and increase in Th2+ cells. Thus, in older women, Ganoderma lucidum regulates T lymphocyte function leading to a predominant anti-inflammatory action but does not induce T lymphocyte proliferation through CD28 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Nancy Iser-Bem
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- National Commercial Learning Service (SENAC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Bertola Lobato
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lins Alecrim-Zeza
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Richelieau Manuel
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ilana Souza Correa
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah Poma de Oliveira
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane Borges da Silva
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Mendes de Almeida
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Belmiro Dias
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Bragante Gritte
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Laureane Nunes Masi
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Elaine Hatanaka
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Cristina Pithon-Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Massao Hirabara
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Fabi
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Food Research Center (FoRC) - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Gorjao
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Yao M, Oduro PK, Akintibu AM, Yan H. Modulation of the vitamin D receptor by traditional Chinese medicines and bioactive compounds: potential therapeutic applications in VDR-dependent diseases. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1298181. [PMID: 38318147 PMCID: PMC10839104 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1298181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a crucial nuclear receptor that plays a vital role in various physiological functions. To a larger extent, the genomic effects of VDR maintain general wellbeing, and its modulation holds implications for multiple diseases. Current evidence regarding using vitamin D or its synthetic analogs to treat non-communicable diseases is insufficient, though observational studies suggest potential benefits. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and bioactive compounds derived from natural sources have garnered increasing attention. Interestingly, TCM formulae and TCM-derived bioactive compounds have shown promise in modulating VDR activities. This review explores the intriguing potential of TCM and bioactive compounds in modulating VDR activity. We first emphasize the latest information on the genetic expression, function, and structure of VDR, providing a comprehensive understanding of this crucial receptor. Following this, we review several TCM formulae and herbs known to influence VDR alongside the mechanisms underpinning their action. Similarly, we also discuss TCM-based bioactive compounds that target VDR, offering insights into their roles and modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghe Yao
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Patrick Kwabena Oduro
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Ayomide M. Akintibu
- School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Haifeng Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Djordjevic K, Milojevic Samanovic A, Veselinovic M, Zivkovic V, Mikhaylovsky V, Mikerova M, Reshetnikov V, Jakovljevic V, Nikolic Turnic T. Oxidative Stress Mediated Therapy in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1938. [PMID: 38001790 PMCID: PMC10669381 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta-analysis is to explore all the available literature to obtain updated data about the potential use of antioxidants in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its ability to reduce disease progression and cardiovascular risk. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed strictly in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. English and Chinese databases were searched with a retrieval time up to March 2023. These databases included the PubMed, Embase, Medline Complete, Web of Sciences and Cochrane Collaboration, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and VIP databases. This literature search was formulated by the two researchers independently. The search strategy consists of reading, collecting the literature, and conducting the preliminary screening. After that, they provide the final selection of the literature according to the inclusion criteria and data extraction. Also, for all studies, the risk bias was assessed to evaluate the quality of the included references. The content of the risk assessment of bias included the following criteria: random allocation method, allocation plan hiding, blind method, completeness of result data, and selectivity of reporting of results, as well as other biases. The main outcomes were clinical efficiency of antioxidant therapy (C-reactive protein, DAS28 score, HAQ, Number of tender joints, etc.) and oxidative stress indicators (catalase, superoxide dismutase, or total antioxidant capacity). RESULTS We observed, in most of the studies, the small or moderate effects of antioxidant treatment. The mean effect size is 0.525, and that means that moderate effects were observed in 30 selected RCTs. Also, this effect is confirmed in the 1652 patients with RA with the mean confidence interval of 0.276 (lower limit) and 0.983 (upper limit). Cohen coefficient was calculated at 0.05. CONCLUSION The existing evidence is that antioxidants can reduce systemic and local oxidative stress and can reduce damage as the main agent involved in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Djordjevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Andjela Milojevic Samanovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Mirjana Veselinovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Allergology, University Clinical Center, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (V.Z.); (V.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Mikhaylovsky
- N.A. Semashko Public Health and Healthcare Department, F.F. Erisman Institute of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (M.M.); (V.R.)
| | - Maria Mikerova
- N.A. Semashko Public Health and Healthcare Department, F.F. Erisman Institute of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (M.M.); (V.R.)
| | - Vladimir Reshetnikov
- N.A. Semashko Public Health and Healthcare Department, F.F. Erisman Institute of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (M.M.); (V.R.)
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (V.Z.); (V.J.)
- Department of Human Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tamara Nikolic Turnic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
- N.A. Semashko Public Health and Healthcare Department, F.F. Erisman Institute of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (M.M.); (V.R.)
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5
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Meng M, Yao J, Zhang Y, Sun H, Liu M. Potential Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis Activities and Mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062483. [PMID: 36985456 PMCID: PMC10052150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, autoimmune dysfunction, and cartilage and bone destruction. In this review, we summarized the available reports on the protective effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) on RA in terms of anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-angiogenic and osteoprotective effects. Firstly, GLP inhibits RA synovial fibroblast (RASF) proliferation and migration, modulates pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduces synovial inflammation. Secondly, GLP regulates the proliferation and differentiation of antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, inhibits phagocytosis by mononuclear macrophages and nature killer (NK) cells and regulates the ratio of M1, M2 and related inflammatory cytokines. In addition, GLP produced activities in balancing humoral and cellular immunity, such as regulating immunoglobulin production, modulating T and B lymphocyte proliferative responses and cytokine release, exhibiting immunomodulatory effects. Thirdly, GLP inhibits angiogenesis through the direct inhibition of vascular endothelial cell proliferation and induction of cell death and the indirect inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in the cells. Finally, GLP can inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases and promote osteoblast formation, exerting protective effects on bone and articular cartilage. It is suggested that GLP may be a promising agent for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Jialin Yao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116041, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116041, China
| | - Mozhen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
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Liang Z, Yuan ZH, Wang Y, Du ZH, Guo JJ, Xia LL, Shan Y. New Mechanistic Insight into the Protective Effects of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides Against Palmitic Acid-Induced Cell Damage in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cell Line IPEC-J2. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221128103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum ( G. lucidum) is one of the well-known mushrooms in China, which has G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) that have been widely studied for various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetes, and immunomodulatory activities. A signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway is related to cell proliferation and apoptosis. The relationship between STAT and intestinal protection of GLP is still unknown. We studied the inhibitors AG490 in the STAT pathway and its downstream molecules to analyze the unique effects in the protection of GLP against palmitic acid (PA)-induced porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) injury. Compared to PA treatment, GLP + PA obviously decreased Ca2+ concentration, H2O2 production, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation, STAT1 and STAT2 protein levels, and increased nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation and p-STAT3/STAT3 ratio in IPEC-J2 cells. After inhibition of STAT3 signaling, p-STAT3/STAT3 ratio, NF-κB nuclear translocation obviously decreased and Nrf2 nuclear translocation significantly increased in the GLP + PA group. The protection of GLP on proliferation and apoptosis of PA-induced IPEC-J2 cells was suppressed by inhibiting STAT3. The STAT3 pathway regulated the enterocyte-protective effects of GLP by modulating the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and NF-κB. We provide new insights into the mechanism of STAT signaling for the protection of GLP on PA-induced intestinal epithelial cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengenni Liang
- Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | | | - Yan Wang
- Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Du
- Changsha Qiantu Biological Technology Limited Company, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Jing Guo
- Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Li Xia
- Changsha Diwei Agricultural Technology Limited Company, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Shan
- Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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Chen JK, Kuo CH, Kuo WW, Day CH, Wang TF, Ho TJ, Lin PY, Lin SZ, Shih TC, Shih CY, Huang CY, Lu CY. Artemisia argyi extract ameliorates IL-17A-induced inflammatory response by regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 expression in HIG-82 synoviocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2793-2803. [PMID: 35959841 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease that results in joint destruction and disability in the adult population. RA is characterized by the accumulation and proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Many pro-inflammatory mediators are associated with RA, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Furthermore, IL-17 upregulates the production of other pro-inflammatory mediators, including IL-1β and IL-6, and promotes the recruitment of neutrophils in RA. Artemisia argyi, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is used for the treatment of diseases associated with inflammation and microbial infections. In this study, synoviocytes (HIG-82) were treated with varying doses of A. argyi extract (AAE) following IL-17A stimulation. Proliferation of the IL-17A-stimulated cells was increased compared to that of the non-stimulated control cells. However, cell proliferation decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner following AAE treatment. Treatment of IL-17A-stimulated cells with AAE resulted in decreased levels of phosphorylated (p)-NF-κB, p-IκB-α, and COX-2. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that IL-1β and IL-6 levels were increased in the IL-17A-stimulated group but decreased in the AAE treatment group. Additionally, we found that AAE facilitated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and promoted its nuclear translocation, thereby inducing the expression of heme oxygenase-1. Moreover, AAE did not attenuate IL-17A-induced inflammatory mediator production in the presence of ML385, an Nrf2-specific inhibitor. These results suggest that the downregulation of expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the transcription factor NF-κB by AAE may be a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing inflammation associated with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhong-Kuei Chen
- Integration of Chinese Medicine and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Tso-Fu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Integration of Chinese Medicine and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Yu Lin
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Charity Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ching Shih
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-You Lu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lai WD, Li DM, Yu J, Huang L, Zheng MZ, Jiang YP, Wang S, Wen JJ, Chen SJ, Wen CP, Jin Y. An Apriori Algorithm-Based Association Analysis of Analgesic Drugs in Chinese Medicine Prescriptions Recorded From Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:937259. [PMID: 35959238 PMCID: PMC9358686 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.937259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain, a common symptom of people with rheumatoid arthritis, usually behaves as persistent polyarthralgia pain and causes serious damage to patients' physical and mental health. Opioid analgesics can lead to a series of side effects like drug tolerance and addiction. Thus, seeking an alternative therapy and screening out the corresponding analgesic drugs is the key to solving the current dilemma. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapy has been recognized internationally for its unique guiding theory and definite curative effect. In this study, we used the Apriori Algorithm to screen out potential analgesics from 311 cases that were treated with compounded medication prescription and collected from “Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University” in Hangzhou, China. Data on 18 kinds of clinical symptoms and 16 kinds of Chinese herbs were extracted based on this data mining. We also found 17 association rules and screened out four potential analgesic drugs—“Jinyinhua,” “Wugong,” “Yiyiren,” and “Qingfengteng,” which were promised to help in the clinical treatment. Besides, combined with System Cluster Analysis, we provided several different herbal combinations for clinical references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-dong Lai
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dian-ming Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Huang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-zhi Zheng
- Hangzhou AI Center, China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue-peng Jiang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-jun Wen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si-jia Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-ping Wen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Cheng-ping Wen
| | - Yan Jin
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Yan Jin
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Gwinnutt JM, Wieczorek M, Rodríguez-Carrio J, Balanescu A, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Boonen A, Cavalli G, de Souza S, de Thurah A, Dorner TE, Moe RH, Putrik P, Silva-Fernández L, Stamm T, Walker-Bone K, Welling J, Zlatković-Švenda M, Guillemin F, Verstappen SMM. Effects of diet on the outcomes of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs): systematic review and meta-analyses informing the 2021 EULAR recommendations for lifestyle improvements in people with RMDs. RMD Open 2022; 8:rmdopen-2021-002167. [PMID: 35654458 PMCID: PMC9096533 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-002167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A EULAR taskforce was convened to develop recommendations for lifestyle behaviours in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). In this paper, the literature on the effect of diet on the progression of RMDs is reviewed. METHODS Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were performed of studies related to diet and disease outcomes in seven RMDs: osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus, axial spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic sclerosis and gout. In the first phase, existing relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses, published from 2013 to 2018, were identified. In the second phase, the review was expanded to include published original studies on diet in RMDs, with no restriction on publication date. Systematic reviews or original studies were included if they assessed a dietary exposure in one of the above RMDs, and reported results regarding progression of disease (eg, pain, function, joint damage). RESULTS In total, 24 systematic reviews and 150 original articles were included. Many dietary exposures have been studied (n=83), although the majority of studies addressed people with OA and RA. Most dietary exposures were assessed by relatively few studies. Exposures that have been assessed by multiple, well conducted studies (eg, OA: vitamin D, chondroitin, glucosamine; RA: omega-3) were classified as moderate evidence of small effects on disease progression. CONCLUSION The current literature suggests that there is moderate evidence for a small benefit for certain dietary components. High-level evidence of clinically meaningful effect sizes from individual dietary exposures on outcomes in RMDs is missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Gwinnutt
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Maud Wieczorek
- EA 4360 Apemac, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France,Center on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain,Department of Metabolism, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Andra Balanescu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, ‘Sf Maria’ Hospital, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,University Clinic for Aging Medicine, City Hospital Zurich - Waid, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annelies Boonen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands,Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Giulio Cavalli
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Savia de Souza
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Annette de Thurah
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Dorner
- Centre for Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Social Insurance Fund for Public Service, Railway and Mining Industries, Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria,Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria
| | - Rikke Helene Moe
- National Advisory Unit for Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Polina Putrik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands,Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucía Silva-Fernández
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Tanja Stamm
- Section for Outcomes Research, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karen Walker-Bone
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Joep Welling
- NVLE Dutch Patient Organization for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjana Zlatković-Švenda
- Institute of Rheumatology, University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia,Department of Internal Medicine, University of East Sarajevo Faculty of Medicine Foča, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Francis Guillemin
- EA 4360 Apemac, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France,Inserm, CHRU Nancy, CIC-1433 Epidémiologie Clinique, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Suzanne M M Verstappen
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK .,MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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10
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Ganoderma tsugae prevents cognitive impairment and attenuates oxidative damage in d-galactose-induced aging in the rat brain. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266331. [PMID: 35390035 PMCID: PMC8989198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lingzhi has long been regarded as having life-prolonging effects. Research in recent years has also reported that Lingzhi possesses anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, and anti-lipogenic effects. The D-galactose (D-gal, 100 mg/kg/day)-induced aging Long-Evans rats were simultaneously orally administered a DMSO extract of Ganoderma tsugae (GTDE, 200 μg/kg/day) for 25 weeks to investigate the effects of GTDE on oxidative stress and memory deficits in the D-galactose-induced aging rats. We found that GTDE significantly improved the locomotion and spatial memory and learning in the aging rats. GTDE alleviated the aging-induced reduction of dendritic branching in neurons of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Immunoblotting revealed a significant increase in the protein expression levels of the superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and catalase, and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rats that received GTDE. D-gal-induced increase in the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) was significantly attenuated after the administration of GTDE, and pyrin domain-containing 3 protein (NLRP3) revealed a significant decrease in NLRP3 expression after GTDE administration. Lastly, GTDE significantly reduced the advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). In conclusion, GTDE increases antioxidant capacity and BDNF expression of the brain, protects the dendritic structure of neurons, and reduces aging-induced neuronal damage, thereby attenuating cognitive impairment caused by aging.
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11
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Elucidation of Potential Targets of San-Miao-San in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7663212. [PMID: 35087596 PMCID: PMC8789436 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7663212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background To examine the potential therapeutic targets of Chinese medicine formula San-Miao-San (SMS) in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), we analyzed the active compounds of SMS and key targets of OA and investigated the interacting pathways using network pharmacological approaches and molecular docking analysis. Methods The active compounds of SMS and OA-related targets were searched and screened by TCMSP, DrugBank, Genecards, OMIM, DisGeNet, TTD, and PharmGKB databases. Venn analysis and PPI were performed for evaluating the interaction of the targets. The topological analysis and molecular docking were used to confirm the subnetworks and binding affinity between active compounds and key targets, respectively. The GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis for all targets of each subnetwork were conducted. Results A total of 57 active compounds and 203 targets of SMS were identified by the TCMSP and DrugBank database, while 1791 OA-related targets were collected from the Genecards, OMIM, DisGeNet, TTD, and PharmGKB databases. By Venn analysis, 108 intersection targets between SMS targets and OA targets were obtained. Most of these intersecting targets involve quercetin, kaempferol, and wogonin. Moreover, intersecting targets identified by PPI analysis were introduced into Cytoscape plug-in CytoNCA for topological analysis. Hence, nine key targets of SMS for OA treatment were obtained. Furthermore, the potential binding conformations between active compounds and key targets were found through molecular docking analysis. According to the DAVID enrichment analysis, the main biological processes of SMS in the treatment of OA include oxidative stress, response to reactive oxygen species, and apoptotic signaling pathways. Finally, we found wogonin, the key compound in SMS, might play a pivotal role on Toll-like receptor, IL-17, TNF, osteoclast differentiation, and apoptosis signaling pathways through interacting with four key targets. Conclusions Therefore, this study elucidated the potential active compounds and key targets of SMS in the treatment of OA based on network pharmacology.
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12
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Fu XL, Zhou J, Tang WW, Liu Y, Li ZL, Li P, Chen J. Study on the compatibility effect and active constituents of Atractylodis Rhizoma in Ermiao Wan against Acute Gouty Arthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114353. [PMID: 34161798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ermiao Wan (EMW), composed of Atractylodis Rhizoma (AR) and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (PC), is a classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription having been used to treat the disease named "Tong Feng", which is described as "ache in bones and joints" with the same symptom of modern disease named acute gouty arthritis for many years in TCM clinical practice. Besides, both PC and AR were considered to be effective in anti-inflammatory according to modern pharmacological research. AIM OF THE STUDY Present study was undertaken to probe the compatibility rationality between the two herbs PC and AR in EMW and the active constituents of AR against acute gouty arthritis (AGA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat model of AGA was induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium urate (MSU) crystal suspension, and PC combined with or without different AR extracts were used for AGA treatment. Ankle joint swelling, proinflammatory cytokines in serum and pathological changes of synovium were investigated. Using the developed UHPLC-QQQ-MS method, the plasma concentrations of the primary alkaloids in PC, such as berberine, phellodendrine, magnoflorine, jatrorrhizine, berberrubine, palmatine, and tetrahydropalmatine, in AGA rat were determined, and pharmacokinetics properties were compared following oral administration of PC, PC combined with or without different AR extracts. RESULTS PC, PC combined with AR volatile oil (VO) extract or PC combined with whole AR extract significantly attenuated the ankle joint swelling of AGA rats. Besides, the combination of PC and VO extract of AR showed superior efficacy than other groups in ameliorating ankle joint swelling, reducing the IL-6 expression in serum and improving tissue lesions of ankle joints. Furthermore, it turned out that the VO extract of AR increased the blood exposure level of PC related alkaloids than non-volatile oil (NVO) extract of AR, by comparing the pharmacokinetic results of each group. CONCLUSIONS The VO components of AR were the key compatible materials to combine with PC in EMW for AGA treatment. Moreover, the enhanced anti-AGA activity of PC after combining with VO extract of AR may attribute to the influence of VO on the pharmacokinetics of PC. This study may provide useful information for elucidating the compatibility effects of AR in EMW against AGA.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Alkaloids/chemistry
- Alkaloids/isolation & purification
- Alkaloids/pharmacokinetics
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Arthritis, Gouty/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Gouty/physiopathology
- Atractylodes/chemistry
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Male
- Mass Spectrometry/methods
- Oils, Volatile/chemistry
- Oils, Volatile/isolation & purification
- Oils, Volatile/pharmacology
- Phellodendron/chemistry
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wei-Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zi-Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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13
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Younger J, Donovan EK, Hodgin KS, Ness TJ. A Placebo-Controlled, Pseudo-Randomized, Crossover Trial of Botanical Agents for Gulf War Illness: Reishi Mushroom ( Ganoderma lucidum), Stinging Nettle ( Urtica dioica), and Epimedium ( Epimedium sagittatum). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073671. [PMID: 33915962 PMCID: PMC8037868 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This report is third in a three-part clinical trial series screening potential treatments for Gulf War Illness (GWI). The goal of the project was to rapidly identify agents to prioritize for further efficacy research. We used a placebo-controlled, pseudo-randomized, crossover design to test the effects of reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), stinging nettle (Uritca dioica), and epimedium (Epimedium sagittatum) in 29 men with GWI. Participants completed 30 days of symptom reports for baseline, then a botanical line consisting of 30 days of placebo, followed by 30 days each of lower-dose and higher-dose botanical. After completing a botanical line, participants were randomized to complete the protocol with another botanical, until they completed three botanical trials. GWI symptom severity, pain, and fatigue were contrasted between the four conditions (baseline, placebo, lower-dose, higher dose) using linear mixed models. GWI symptom severity was unchanged from placebo in the reishi lower-dose condition (p = 0.603), and was higher in the higher-dose condition (p = 0.012). Symptom severity was not decreased from placebo with lower-dose stinging nettle (p = 0.604), but was significantly decreased with higher-dose stinging nettle (p = 0.048). Epimedium showed no significant decreases of GWI symptoms in the lower (p = 0.936) or higher (p = 0.183) dose conditions. Stinging nettle, especially at higher daily dosages, may help reduce the symptoms of GWI. Epimedium does not appear to beneficially affect GWI symptom severity, and reishi may exaggerate symptoms in some GWI sufferers. These results are in a small sample and are preliminary. Further research is required to determine if stinging nettle is indeed helpful for the treatment of GWI, and what dosage is optimal. This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02909686).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarred Younger
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CH 233, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-975-5907
| | - Emily K. Donovan
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, White House, 806 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Kathleen S. Hodgin
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CH 233, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Timothy J. Ness
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BMR2-208, 901 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA;
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14
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Motta F, Gershwin ME, Selmi C. Mushrooms and immunity. J Autoimmun 2020; 117:102576. [PMID: 33276307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the wide field of nutraceuticals, the effects of mushrooms on immunity, cancer and including autoimmunity have been proposed for centuries but in recent years a growing interest has led scientists to elucidate which specific compounds have bioactive properties and through which mechanisms. Glucans and specific proteins are responsible for most of the biological effects of mushrooms, particularly in terms of immunomodulatory and anti-tumor results. Proteins with bioactive effects include lectins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs), ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs), ribonucleases, laccases, among others. At the present status of knowledge, numerous studies have been performed on cell lines and murine models while only a few clinical trials have been conducted. As in most cases of dietary components, the multitude of variables implicated in the final effect and an inadequate standardization are expected to affect the observed differences, thus making the available evidence insufficient to justify the treatment of human diseases with mushrooms extracts. We will herein provide a comprehensive review and critically discussion the biochemical changes induced by different mushroom compounds as observed in in vitro studies, particularly on macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and NK cells, compared to in vivo and human studies. Additional effects are represented by lipids which constitute a minor part of mushrooms but may have a role in reducing serum cholesterol levels or phenols acting as antioxidant and reducing agents. Human studies provide a minority of available data, as well illustrated by a placebo-controlled study of athletes treated with β-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus. Variables influencing study outcomes include different mushrooms strains, growing conditions, developmental stage, part of mushroom used, extraction method, and storage conditions. We foresee that future rigorous research will be needed to determine the potential of mushroom compounds for human health to reproduce the effects of some compounds such as lentinan which a metaanalysis demonstrated to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer and in the improvement of the patients quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Motta
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
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15
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Yadav SK, Ir R, Jeewon R, Doble M, Hyde KD, Kaliappan I, Jeyaraman R, Reddi RN, Krishnan J, Li M, Durairajan SSK. A Mechanistic Review on Medicinal Mushrooms-Derived Bioactive Compounds: Potential Mycotherapy Candidates for Alleviating Neurological Disorders. PLANTA MEDICA 2020; 86:1161-1175. [PMID: 32663897 DOI: 10.1055/a-1177-4834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, neurological and neurodegenerative diseases are highly debilitating and pose the greatest threats to public health. Diseases of the nervous system are caused by a particular pathological process that negatively affects the central and peripheral nervous systems. These diseases also lead to the loss of neuronal cell function, which causes alterations in the nervous system structure, resulting in the degeneration or death of nerve cells throughout the body. This causes problems with movement (ataxia) and mental dysfunction (dementia), both of which are commonly observed symptoms in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Medicinal mushrooms are higher fungi with nutraceutical properties and are low in calories and fat. They are also a rich source of nutrients and bioactive compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, and vitamins that have been used in the treatment of many ailments. Medicinal mushrooms such as Pleurotus giganteus, Ganoderma lucidium, and Hericium erinaceus are commonly produced worldwide for use as health supplements and medicine. Medicinal mushrooms and their extracts have a large number of bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharide β-glucan, or polysaccharide-protein complexes, like lectins, lactones, terpenoids, alkaloids, antibiotics, and metal-chelating agents. This review will focus on the role of the medicinal properties of different medicinal mushrooms that contain bioactive compounds with a protective effect against neuronal dysfunction. This information will facilitate the development of drugs against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumar Yadav
- Division of Mycobiology and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, India
| | - Reshma Ir
- Division of Mycobiology and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, India
| | - Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Kevin D Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Ilango Kaliappan
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Ravindrian Jeyaraman
- Corrosion and Materials Protection Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, India
| | - Rambabu N Reddi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jayalakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, India
| | - Min Li
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan
- Division of Mycobiology and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, India
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16
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Razavy S, Lee J, Zaslawski C. A pre-trial evaluation of blinding for a Chinese herbal medicine trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2020; 19:100632. [PMID: 32817905 PMCID: PMC7426532 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blinding is considered an important methodological characteristic in clinical trials to minimise bias and maximise the validity of a trial. Unlike pharmaceutical substances, most herbal medicines have distinctive sensory specifications, including odour and taste, which can be quite challenging when developing a placebo control to match the specific characteristics of herbal substances being examined. The present study was, therefore, designed to evaluate whether the participants could differentiate an active herbal capsule (Ganopoly combination) from a placebo material capsule. The aim of this study was to develop a suitable placebo substance for encapsulation to be used in a future herbal medicine clinical trial. Methods The current study was improved upon the previous investigation, and several modifications were made to the placebo substance in order to mimic the herbal substance characteristics. Prior to conducting the study, a refined placebo substance was developed using commonly consumed culinary agents. Sixty-two healthy volunteers participated in the study and were randomly provided one of the two substances. Individuals were asked to evaluate the three sensory characteristics of the allocated capsule (visual appearance, odour, and taste), and determine whether they believed the substance to be a 'herbal' or a 'placebo' substance. Results The study provided evidence on the success of blinding for only two sensory characteristics, namely, visual appearance (95% CI -0.15, 0.34) and odour (95% CI -0.34, 0.15). In contrast, the findings related to the taste indicated that participants correctly guessed the herbal substance compared to the placebo substance to a significantly higher proportion than would have been expected by chance alone (95% CI 0.14, 0.60). Conclusion The failure to blind participants for taste highlights the difficulties in preparing placebo herbal substances that match as closely as possible to a real herbal substance. Blinding is particularly challenging where herbal medicines have different sensory characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Razavy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Lee
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Zaslawski
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, New South Wales, Australia
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17
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Efficacy and Safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine on the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4348709. [PMID: 32328130 PMCID: PMC7154968 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4348709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective Integrated therapy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine (WM) has gradually been applied to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recently published studies have provided a wealth of data and information about the effectiveness of combination treatments, but high-quality evidence-based meta-analysis on this issue is not available yet. This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the efficacy and safety of the integrated therapy for RA. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy and safety of integrative TCM-WM with WM alone for RA were included. The outcome measures contained therapeutic effects (TEs), tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), duration of morning stiffness (DMS), grip strength (GS), disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic peptide containing citrulline (anti-CCP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and adverse events (AEs) to assess the efficacy and safety of different treatments. Results A total of 20 RCTs with 2269 patients met the inclusion criteria. TCM used in these studies included Chinese herbal decoctions and tablets or capsules made from herbs and their extracts, while WM included disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and glucocorticoids (GC). Compared with patients receiving WM treatment alone, patients with integrative TCM-WM treatment showed better TEs (OR = 3.03, 95% CI [2.36, 3.88]). The integrative treatment group showed reductions in TJC (MD = −1.17, 95% CI [−2.12, −0.21]), SJC (MD = −0.87, 95% CI [−1.85, 0.10]), DMS (SMD = −0.69, 95% CI [−0.98, −0.41]), DAS28 (MD = −0.43, 95% CI [−0.57, −0.29]), RF (SMD = −0.59, 95% CI [−0.91, −0.27]), anti-CCP (SMD = −0.21, 95% CI [−0.36, −0.06]), ESR (MD = −8.36, 95% CI [−12.60, −4.12]), and CRP (MD = −6.73, 95% CI [−9.38, −4.08]), and increment in GS (SMD = 0.12, 95% CI [−0.63, 0.87]). AEs, especially gastrointestinal disorders, abnormal liver function, leukopenia, skin allergies and rashes, headaches and dizziness, and alopecia, significantly decreased (OR = 0.37, 95% CI [0.29, 0.47]) in the integrative treatment group. Conclusions The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that integrative TCM-WM could obtain effective and safe results in the treatment of RA. Using TCM as an adjunctive therapy in RA has great prospects for further development.
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Oxidative Stress in Rheumatoid Arthritis: What the Future Might Hold regarding Novel Biomarkers and Add-On Therapies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7536805. [PMID: 31934269 PMCID: PMC6942903 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7536805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Numerous rheumatologic autoimmune diseases, among which rheumatoid arthritis, are chronic inflammatory diseases capable of inducing multiple cumulative articular and extra-articular damage, if not properly treated. Nevertheless, benign conditions may, similarly, exhibit arthritis as their major clinical finding, but with short-term duration instead, and evolve to spontaneous resolution in a few days to weeks, without permanent articular damage. Such distinction—self-limited arthritis with no need of immunosuppressive treatment or chronic arthritis at early stages?—represents one of the greatest challenges in clinical practice, once many metabolic, endocrine, neoplastic, granulomatous, infectious diseases and other autoimmune conditions may mimic rheumatoid arthritis. Indeed, the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis at early stages is a crucial step to a more effective mitigation of the disease-related damage. As a prototype of chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis has been linked to oxidative stress, a condition in which the pool of reactive oxygen species increases over time, either by their augmented production, the reduction in antioxidant defenses, or the combination of both, ultimately implying compromise in the redox signaling. The exact mechanisms through which oxidative stress may contribute to the initiation and perpetuation of local (in the articular milieu) and systemic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, particularly at early stages, still remain to be determined. Furthermore, the role of antioxidants as therapeutic adjuvants in the control of disease activity seems to be overlooked, as a little number of short studies addressing this issue is currently found. Thus, the present review focuses on the binomial rheumatoid arthritis-oxidative stress, bringing insights into their pathophysiological relationships, as well as the implications of potential diagnostic oxidative stress biomarkers and therapeutic interventions directed to the oxidative status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Zhu ZY, Xue JX, Yu LX, Bian WH, Zhang YF, Sohn KC, Shin IH, Yao C. Reducing postsurgical exudate in breast cancer patients by using San Huang decoction to ameliorate inflammatory status: a prospective clinical trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:e507-e515. [PMID: 30607117 DOI: 10.3747/co.25.4108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Reducing inflammatory factors in wound exudate is a promising treatment approach for healing wounds in postsurgical breast cancer patients. Traditional Chinese Medicine (tcm) treatments have been shown to be beneficial and safe for optimal regulation of oxidative stress during the postoperative period. In the present clinical trial, we evaluated the effectiveness of a promising Chinese herbal formula, San Huang decoction [shd (Radix astragali, Radix et rhizoma rhei, and Rhizoma curcuma longa, 3:1:1; supplemental Table 1)], on wound inflammatory response after mastectomy. Methods The study randomized 30 patients with breast cancer who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria to either a treatment (n = 15) or a control group (n = 15). Patients in the treatment group received liquid shd, taken twice daily with or without food. Treatment was given for 1 day before surgery and for 7 days postoperatively. Participants in the control group received a placebo on the same schedule as the treatment group. Outcomes measured in every subject included clinical tcm and wound inflammation symptom scores, daily and total amounts of drainage fluid, and levels of inflammatory factors in the exudate [tumour necrosis factor α (tnf-α), interleukins 6 (il-6), 8 (il-8), and 2R (il-2R), human C-reactive protein (crp)] at 2 hours and on days 1, 3, and 7 postoperatively. Results The total amount of drainage fluid over 7 days was significantly lower in the treatment group (572.20 ± 93.95 mL) than in the control group (700.40 ± 107.38 mL). The tcm symptom score was also lower in treatment group (day 7: 1.87 ± 0.83 vs. 4.80 ± 3.61, p = 0.049), as was the inflammatory symptom score (day 7: 0.67 ± 0.72 vs. 3.67 ± 2.50, p = 0.001). Levels of tnf-α, il-6, il-8, il-2R, and crp in drainage fluid were significantly lower with shd treatment. Conclusions Perioperative treatment with shd effectively lessened postoperative exudate and ameliorated inflammatory symptoms in patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Zhu
- Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.C
| | - J X Xue
- Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.C
| | - L X Yu
- Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.C
| | - W H Bian
- Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.C
| | - Y F Zhang
- Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.C
| | - K C Sohn
- Hospital of Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - I H Shin
- Hospital of Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - C Yao
- Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.C
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Cai Z, Feng Y, Li C, Yang K, Sun T, Xu L, Chen Y, Yan CH, Lu WW, Chiu KY. Magnoflorine with hyaluronic acid gel promotes subchondral bone regeneration and attenuates cartilage degeneration in early osteoarthritis. Bone 2018; 116:266-278. [PMID: 30149068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate efficacy of Chinese medicine magnoflorine combined with hyaluronic acid (HA)-gel in promoting subchondral bone (SCB) regeneration and attenuating cartilage degeneration in early osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS MC3T3-E1 under magnoflorine treatment was assayed by XTT to determine cell viability. Cell proliferation was reflected through cell cycle. Osteoblast mineralization was stained by Alizarin Red. Standardized bone canal of 1 mm in diameter and 4 mm in depth was made on tibial medial plateau of 4-month-old Dunkin-Hartley spontaneous knee OA guinea pigs. Guinea pigs (n = 5/group) were treated once intra-bone canal injection of 2 μl HA-gel, 2 μl HA-gel+50 ng magnoflorine and null (Defect) respectively, except sham group. The left hind limbs were harvested for μCT scan and histopathological staining 2-month post-surgery. RESULTS 25 μg/ml magnoflorine treatment significantly increased cell viability, S-phase and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. In vivo, HA-gel + magnoflorine treatment significantly altered SCB microstructure; changes included increase in bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), connectivity density (Conn.Dn), and decrease in degree of anisotropy (DA), which implied trabecular bone regeneration. Treatment also resulted in a decrease in modified Mankin's scores, and an increase in volume ratio of hyaline cartilage (HC)/calcified cartilage (CC) and fractal dimension (FD, roughness indicator of osteochondral conjunction), compared to Defect and HA groups. Furthermore, FD was positively associated with volume ratio of HC/CC and negatively associated with modified Mankin's scores. Finally, histological results showed that due to a faster regeneration of SCB with the HA-gel + magnoflorine treatment, the reduction of cartilage matrix and the decreased expression of chondrogenic signals were attenuated. CONCLUSION Our study elucidated the potential benefits of HA-gel + magnoflorine in promoting SCB regeneration and revealed a protective effect of stimulating recovery of the SCB integrity on attenuating cartilage degradation to prevent OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chentian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kedi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tianhao Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chun-Hoi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - William Weijia Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Kwong-Yuen Chiu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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From nutraceutical to clinical trial: frontiers in Ganoderma development. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9037-9051. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Suppression of Th17 Cell Response in the Alleviation of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:2906494. [PMID: 29888292 PMCID: PMC5985119 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2906494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Dysregulated immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic potential of GLP to alleviate DSS-induced colitis. Methods The mice were administered with GLP by intragastric gavage daily for two weeks prior to the DSS treatment. Mice were orally administered with 2.5% DSS dissolved in drinking water with GLP or water treatment for 6 days. The mice were killed on day 7 after induction of colitis. Survival rates, body weight loss, colon lengths, histological changes, and disease activity index scores (DAI) were evaluated. Results GLP significantly improved survival rates, colon length shortening, body weight loss, histopathological score, and DAI scores in mice with DSS-induced colitis. GLP markedly suppressed the secretions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-4 and significantly affected populations of Th17 cells, B cells, NK cells, and NKT cells in the lamina propria lymphocytes. Conclusions GLP prevented inflammation, maintained intestinal homeostasis, and regulated the intestinal immunological barrier functions in mice with DSS-induced colitis.
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Phang JK, Kwan YH, Goh H, Tan VIC, Thumboo J, Østbye T, Fong W. Complementary and alternative medicine for rheumatic diseases: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2018; 37:143-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Pan X, Lopez-Olivo MA, Song J, Pratt G, Suarez-Almazor ME. Systematic review of the methodological quality of controlled trials evaluating Chinese herbal medicine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013242. [PMID: 28249848 PMCID: PMC5353312 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We appraised the methodological and reporting quality of randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). DESIGN For this systematic review, electronic databases were searched from inception until June 2015. The search was limited to humans and non-case report studies, but was not limited by language, year of publication or type of publication. Two independent reviewers selected RCTs, evaluating CHM in RA (herbals and decoctions). Descriptive statistics were used to report on risk of bias and their adherence to reporting standards. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine study characteristics associated with high or unclear risk of bias. RESULTS Out of 2342 unique citations, we selected 119 RCTs including 18 919 patients: 10 108 patients received CHM alone and 6550 received one of 11 treatment combinations. A high risk of bias was observed across all domains: 21% had a high risk for selection bias (11% from sequence generation and 30% from allocation concealment), 85% for performance bias, 89% for detection bias, 4% for attrition bias and 40% for reporting bias. In multivariable analysis, fewer authors were associated with selection bias (allocation concealment), performance bias and attrition bias, and earlier year of publication and funding source not reported or disclosed were associated with selection bias (sequence generation). Studies published in non-English language were associated with reporting bias. Poor adherence to recommended reporting standards (<60% of the studies not providing sufficient information) was observed in 11 of the 23 sections evaluated. LIMITATIONS Study quality and data extraction were performed by one reviewer and cross-checked by a second reviewer. Translation to English was performed by one reviewer in 85% of the included studies. CONCLUSIONS Studies evaluating CHM often fail to meet expected methodological criteria, and high-quality evidence is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pan
- Department of Rheumatology, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maria A Lopez-Olivo
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Section, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Juhee Song
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gregory Pratt
- Research Medical Library, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maria E Suarez-Almazor
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Section, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Chen QM, Alpert JS. Nutraceuticals: Evidence of Benefit in Clinical Practice? Am J Med 2016; 129:897-8. [PMID: 27107924 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin M Chen
- Professor of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
| | - Joseph S Alpert
- Professor of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
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Complementary and alternative medicine for rheumatic diseases. HONG KONG BULLETIN ON RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/hkbrd-2016-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The use of complementary and alternative medicine is not uncommonly encountered in our patients. This manuscript reviewed the latest evidence on other modalities in treating rheumatic diseases. Treatments that are found to be helpful for rheumatoid arthritis include herbs, fish oil, and acupuncture. Fish oil, vitamin D, N-acetylcysteine, and cognitive behavior treatments are helpful for systemic lupus erythematosus. Hydrotherapy and massage are potentially beneficial for fibromyalgia patients. Diet supplement is not found to be beneficial for osteoarthritis. CAM modalities will need further studies.
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Liu R, Tao E, Yu S, Liu B, Dai L, Yu L, Xiong Y, Fu R, Lei L, Lai X. The Suppressive Effects of the Petroleum Ether Fraction fromAtractylodes lancea(Thunb.) DC. On a Collagen-Induced Arthritis Model. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1672-1679. [PMID: 27373691 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renping Liu
- Medical Experiment Education Department; Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Enwei Tao
- Medical Experiment Education Department; Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Shuwen Yu
- Medical Experiment Education Department; Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Bo Liu
- Medical Experiment Education Department; Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Lingman Dai
- Medical Experiment Education Department; Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Liangyu Yu
- Medical Experiment Education Department; Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Yifeng Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330000 China
| | - Ruijun Fu
- Department of Orthopedics; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330000 China
| | - Lang Lei
- Department of Pathology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330006 China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- Medical Experiment Education Department; Medical College of Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031 China
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Cai Z, Wong CK, Dong J, Jiao D, Chu M, Leung PC, Lau CBS, Lau CP, Tam LS, Lam CWK. Anti-inflammatory activities of Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi) and San-Miao-San supplements in MRL/lpr mice for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Chin Med 2016; 11:23. [PMID: 27134645 PMCID: PMC4851790 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi; LZ) and San-Miao-San (SMS) are Chinese medicines (CMs) used to treat inflammatory ailments and numbing syndrome/arthralgia syndrome (Bi Zheng), respectively. Given that the main symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) include inflammation of the joints, joint pain, edema and palpitations of the heart because of problems associated with Bi Zheng, it was envisaged that LZ and SMS could be used as potential treatments for this autoimmune disease. This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of a combination formulation containing LZ and SMS (LZ-SMS) in SLE mice. METHODS Female adult Balb/c mice of 20-24 weeks of age were used as normal mice (n = 10), whereas female MRL/lpr mice of 12-24 weeks of age were divided into three groups (n = 10 in each group), including mild, moderate and severe SLE mice groups. The clinical characteristics of the SLE and Babl/c mice (i.e., body weight, joint thickness, lupus flare, proteinuria, leukocyturia and lymphadenopathy) were assessed. The plasma concentrations of anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-double stranded DNA antibody (anti-ds-DNA) were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas the concentration of several key cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-2, IL-27, IL-12P70, IL-17A and IL-21) were analyzed by a Luminex multiplex assay. The gene expression profiles for differentiation of the T helper (Th) lymphocytes in splenic CD4(+) Th cells were assessed by RT-qPCR. Flow cytometry was used to measure the percentages of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells and CD19(+)CD5(+)CD1d(+)IL-10(+) regulatory B (Breg) cells (IL-10(+) Bregs). RESULTS Concentrations of anti-ds-DNA in the plasma samples collected from the LZ-SMS-treated (500 mg/kg/day oral administration for 7 days followed with 50 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal administration for 7 days), moderate and severe SLE mice decreased significantly compared with the PBS treated mice (P < 0.05). The gene expression levels of the induced regulatory T (iTreg) and natural Treg (nTreg) cells were significantly higher than those of the Th17, Th1 and "conventional Th cells vs. Treg cells" regulated genes following the LZ-SMS treatment (P < 0.05). The percentages of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells collected from the splenic, thymic and peripheral blood cells, as well as the percentages of IL-10(+) Bregs collected from the splenic and thymic cells increased significantly in the LZ-SMS-treated SLE mice (P < 0.05) compared with the untreated PBS group. The ratio of the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells to the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(-) effector T cells collected from the splenic, thymic and peripheral blood cells in LZ-SMS-treated moderate and severe SLE mice increased significantly compared with the untreated PBS group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a comparison with the PBS treatment group revealed significant decreases in the concentrations of several inflammatory cytokines, including IL-21, IL-10 and IL-17A (P < 0.05), as well as significant increases in the concentrations of IL-2 and IL-12P70 in the LZ-SMS treated SLE mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION LZ-SMS treatment led to significant increases in the percentages of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg and IL-10(+) Breg cells, together with a reduction in the plasma concentrations of several inflammatory cytokines and the down-regulated expression of the corresponding cytokine related genes in SLE mice. The clinical characteristics of the LZ-SMS-treated SLE mice also improved significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cai
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Delong Jiao
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Man Chu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clara Bik San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching Po Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lai Shan Tam
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
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Huang MC, Pai FT, Lin CC, Chang CM, Chang HH, Lee YC, Sun MF, Yen HR. Characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Taiwan: A nationwide population-based study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 176:9-16. [PMID: 26481605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Large-scale study of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) usage among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is lacking. The aim of this study is to evaluate the TCM usage among RA patients in Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the "registry for catastrophic illness patient dataset" of the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD; n=23 million people) in Taiwan. Patients (n=25,263) newly diagnosed as RA in 2001-2009 were included and then followed-up until the end of 2011. Based on the medical utilization, they were further categorized into TCM users (n= 6891; 27.3%) and non-TCM users (n=18,372; 72.7%). The demographic data and core prescription patterns of the TCM users were analyzed. RESULTS Compared to non-TCM user, TCM users were younger (mean age: 49.6 versus 54.0 years), had a higher female/male ratio (82.7%/17.3% versus 74.1%/25.9%), resided in more urbanized area. Herbal remedies were the most commonly used therapeutic approach (76.4%), followed by combining acupuncture (21.1%). The frequency of outpatient visits in TCM users was higher across all disease categories except circulatory system. The most commonly prescribed formula and herb was Shang-Jong-Shiah-Tong-Yong-Tong-Feng-Wan and Rhizoma Corydalis, respectively. The analysis of core pattern revealed that Dang-Gui-Nian-Tong-Tang, Shu-Jing-Huo-Xie-Tang, Gui-Zhi-Shao-Yao-Zhi-Mu-Tang, Myrrha and Olibanum, were among the most frequently used combinations. RA patients who had anxiety and depression, allergic rhinitis, osteoporosis, menstrual disorder, and menopausal syndrome were prone to have more TCM visits compared to non-TCM users. CONCLUSIONS Our population-based study revealed the high prevalence and specific usage patterns of TCM in the RA patients in Taiwan. The information could be used for further pharmacological investigation and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Cheng Huang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tzu Pai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chen Lin
- Health Data Management Office, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Mao Chang
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Feng Sun
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Fcγ and Complement Receptors and Complement Proteins in Neutrophil Activation in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Contribution to Pathogenesis and Progression and Modulation by Natural Products. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:429878. [PMID: 26346244 PMCID: PMC4540990 DOI: 10.1155/2015/429878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly disabling disease that affects all structures of the joint and significantly impacts on morbidity and mortality in RA patients. RA is characterized by persistent inflammation of the synovial membrane lining the joint associated with infiltration of immune cells. Eighty to 90% of the leukocytes infiltrating the synovia are neutrophils. The specific role that neutrophils play in the onset of RA is not clear, but recent studies have evidenced that they have an important participation in joint damage and disease progression through the release of proteolytic enzymes, reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines, and neutrophil extracellular traps, in particular during frustrated phagocytosis of immune complexes (ICs). In addition, the local and systemic activation of the complement system contributes to the pathogenesis of RA and other IC-mediated diseases. This review discusses (i) the participation of Fcγ and complement receptors in mediating the effector functions of neutrophils in RA; (ii) the contribution of the complement system and ROS-dependent and ROS-independent mechanisms to joint damage in RA; and (iii) the use of plant extracts, dietary compounds, and isolated natural compounds in the treatment of RA, focusing on modulation of the effector functions of neutrophils and the complement system activity and/or activation.
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Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ganoderma lucidum Triterpenoid in Human Crohn's Disease Associated with Downregulation of NF-κB Signaling. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:1918-25. [PMID: 25993687 PMCID: PMC4509964 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Current medications have potentially serious side effects. Hence, there is increasing interest in alternative therapies. We previously demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of Food Allergy Herbal Formula-2 in vitro on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and mucosa from CD subjects. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of a bioactive compound isolated from Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), a key herbal constituent of Food Allergy Herbal Formula-2, in CD in vitro. METHODS Triterpene ganoderic acid C1 (GAC1) was isolated from G. lucidum. Stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with GAC1. Human PBMCs and colonic biopsies were obtained from children with CD and cultured with or without GAC1. TNF-α and other proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured in the culture supernatant. NF-κB signaling was investigated in PBMCs and colonic mucosa treated with GAC1 by In-Cell Western and Western blot analysis. RESULTS GAC1 decreased TNF-α production by macrophages and PBMCs from CD subjects. GAC1 significantly decreased TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17A production by inflamed colonic biopsies from CD subjects. These effects were due to downregulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS GAC1 inhibited production of TNF-α and other proinflammatory cytokines by PBMCs and inflamed CD colonic mucosa due to blockage of NF-κB activation. GAC1 is a key beneficial constituent in G. lucidum and the Food Allergy Herbal Formula-2 in suppressing the inflammatory cytokines found in CD and warrants clinical investigation for the treatment of CD.
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Chen G, Li KK, Fung CH, Liu CL, Wong HL, Leung PC, Ko CH. Er-Miao-San, a traditional herbal formula containing Rhizoma Atractylodis and Cortex Phellodendri inhibits inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages through inhibition of NF-κB pathway and MAPKs activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:711-718. [PMID: 24815219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Er-Miao-San (EMS) is a traditional Chinese herbal formulation that contains combinations of Rhizoma Atractylodis (RA) and Cortex Phellodendri (CP). It exhibits analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities and have been used for the treatment of various "Bi Zheng" for thousand years in China. The aims of the present study were to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of EMS and elucidate the underlying mechanisms with regard to its molecular basis of action for the best combination. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-inflammatory effects of EMS were studied by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated activation of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. Expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation, p65 phosphorylation, inhibitor-κBα (IκBα) degradation, and NF-κB DNA-binding activity were further investigated. RESULTS The present study demonstrated that EMS could suppress the production of NO in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. However, CP and RA did not have significant inhibitory effect on them. EMS also inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta and macrophage chemotactic protein-1. Further investigations showed EMS could suppress iNOs expression and p38 phosphorylation. EMS significantly decreased the content of IκBα, reduced the level of phosphorylated p65 and suppressed the NF-κB DNA-binding activity. All these results suggested the inhibitory effects of EMS on the production of inflammatory mediators through the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that EMS inhibited inflammatory events and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells through the inactivation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathway. This study gives scientific evidence validating the use of EMS in treatment of patients with "Bi Zheng" in clinical practice in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Kai-Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chak-Hei Fung
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk-Lun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hing-Lok Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People׳s Republic of China..
| | - Chun-Hay Ko
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People׳s Republic of China..
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Steele ML, Truong J, Govindaraghavan S, Ooi L, Sucher NJ, Münch G. Cytoprotective properties of traditional Chinese medicinal herbal extracts in hydrogen peroxide challenged human U373 astroglia cells. Neurochem Int 2012; 62:522-9. [PMID: 22982670 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Age is the leading risk factor for many of the most prevalent and devastating diseases including neurodegenerative diseases. A number of herbal medicines have been used for centuries to ameliorate the deleterious effects of ageing-related diseases and increase longevity. Oxidative stress is believed to play a role in normal ageing as well as in neurodegenerative processes. Since many of the constituents of herbal extracts are known antioxidants, it is believed that restoring oxidative balance may be one of the underlying mechanisms by which medicinal herbs can protect against ageing and cognitive decline. Based on the premise that astrocytes are key modulators in the progression of oxidative stress associated neurodegenerative diseases, 13 herbal extracts purported to possess anti-ageing properties were tested for their ability to protect U373 human astrocytes from hydrogen peroxide induced cell death. To determine the contribution of antioxidant activity to the cytoprotective ability of extracts, total phenol content and radical scavenging capacities of extracts were examined. Polygonum multiflorum, amongst others, was identified as possessing potent antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. Not surprisingly, total phenol content of extracts was strongly correlated with antioxidant capacity. Interestingly, when total phenol content and radical scavenging capacities of extracts were compared to the cytoprotective properties of extracts, only moderately strong correlations were observed. This finding suggests the involvement of multiple protective mechanisms in the beneficial effects of these medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Steele
- Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
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Zhao W, Jiang X, Deng W, Lai Y, Wu M, Zhang Z. Antioxidant activities of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and their role on DNA damage in mice induced by cobalt-60 gamma-irradiation. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:303-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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La Clair JJ, Rheingold AL, Burkart MD. Ganodone, a bioactive benzofuran from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma tsugae. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:2045-2051. [PMID: 21939217 DOI: 10.1021/np200361y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of Ganoderma tsugae, also known as the Hemlock varnish shelf mushroom, and related Reishi mushrooms are well documented in traditional Chinese medicine. Several Ganoderma sp. are currently cultivated for use in coffee, teas, and dietary supplements. We now report on the isolation and characterization of an unprecedented benzofuran, ganodone (1), from the fruiting bodies of mature growth G. tsugae. This discovery provides a key next step in evaluating the active components in their associated herbal supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J La Clair
- Xenobe Research Institute, P.O. Box 3052, San Diego, California 92163-1052, United States.
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Chen DP, Wong CK, Leung PC, Fung KP, Lau CBS, Lau CP, Li EKM, Tam LS, Lam CWK. Anti-inflammatory activities of Chinese herbal medicine sinomenine and Liang Miao San on tumor necrosis factor-α-activated human fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:457-68. [PMID: 21679760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Sinomenine, an alkaloid isolated from the root of Sinomenium acutum, has been used to alleviate the symptoms of rheumatic diseases. Liang Miao San (LMS), composed of the herbs Rhizoma Atractylodis (Cangzhu) and Cotex Phellodendri (Huangbai), is another traditional Chinese medicine formula for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the potential anti-inflammatory activities of sinomenine and LMS, the underlying intracellular mechanisms regulating the anti-inflammatory activities of sinomenine and LMS on human primary fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from RA patients and normal control subjects have not been elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of sinomenine and LMS on inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-mediated activation of human normal and RA-FLS. The underlying intracellular signaling molecules were analyzed quantitatively using flow cytometry. RESULTS Sinomenine was found to significantly inhibit TNF-α induced cell surface expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and release of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine IL-6, CCL2 and CXCL8 from both normal and RA-FLS (all p<0.05). Moreover, the suppression of sinomenine on TNF-α induced VCAM-1 expression and IL-6 release of RA-FLS was significantly higher than that of normal FLS (p<0.05). LMS significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced inflammatory chemokines CXCL10 and CCL5 release from both normal and RA-FLS, with significantly higher suppression on CXCL10 secretion in RA-FLS than that of normal FLS (all p<0.05). Further investigations showed that sinomenine and LMS could significantly suppress TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of inhibitor κBα and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, the central signaling molecules mediating TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 expression and chemokine production. CONCLUSION Our results therefore provide a new insight into the differential anti-inflammatory activities of sinomenine and LMS through the suppression of TNF-α-activated FLS by modulating distinct intracellular signaling pathways in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Peng Chen
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
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Study of potential cardioprotective effects ofGanoderma lucidum(Lingzhi): results of a controlled human intervention trial. Br J Nutr 2011; 107:1017-27. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511003795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) has antioxidant effects and possibly beneficial effects on blood pressure, plasma lipids and glucose, but these have not been confirmed in subjects with mild hypertension or hyperlipidaemia. The objective of the present study was to assess the cardiovascular, metabolic, antioxidant and immunomodulatory responses to therapy with Lingzhi in patients with borderline elevations of blood pressure and/or cholesterol in a controlled cross-over trial. A total of twenty-six patients received 1·44 g Lingzhi daily or matching placebo for 12 weeks in a randomised, double-blind, cross-over study with placebo-controlled run-in and cross-over periods. Body weight, blood pressure, metabolic parameters, urine catecholamines and cortisol, antioxidant status and lymphocyte subsets were measured after each period. Lingzhi was well tolerated and data from twenty-three evaluable subjects showed no changes in BMI or blood pressure when treated with Lingzhi or placebo. Plasma insulin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance were lower after treatment with Lingzhi than after placebo. TAG decreased and HDL-cholesterol increased with Lingzhi but not with placebo in the first treatment period, but significant carry-over effects prevented complete analysis of these parameters. Urine catecholamines and cortisol, plasma antioxidant status and blood lymphocyte subsets showed no significant differences across treatments. Results indicate that Lingzhi might have mild antidiabetic effects and potentially improve the dyslipidaemia of diabetes, as shown previously in some animal studies. Further studies are desirable in patients with hyperglycaemia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal medicine interventions have been identified as having potential benefit in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OBJECTIVES To update an existing systematic (Cochrane) review of herbal therapies in RA. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched electronic databases Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, Web of Science, Dissertation Abstracts (1996 to 2009), unrestricted by language, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform in October 2010. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials of herbal interventions compared with placebo or active controls in RA. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors selected trials for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS Twelve new studies were added to the update, a total of 22 studies were included.Evidence from seven studies indicate potential benefits of gamma linolenic acid (GLA) from evening primrose oil, borage seed oil, or blackcurrent seed oil, in terms of reduced pain intensity (mean difference (MD) -32.83 points, 95% confidence interval (CI) -56.25 to -9.42,100 point pain scale); improved disability (MD -15.75% 95% CI -27.06 to -4.44%); and an increase in adverse events (GLA 20% versus placebo 3%), that was not statistically different (relative risk 4.24, 95% CI 0.78 to 22.99).Three studies compared Tripterygium wilfordii (thunder god vine) to placebo and one to sulfasalazine and indicated improvements in some outcomes, but data could not be pooled due to differing interventions, comparisons and outcomes. One study reported serious side effects with oral Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. In the follow-up studies, all side effects were mild to moderate and resolved after the intervention ceased. Two studies compared Phytodolor(®) N to placebo but poor reporting limited data extraction. The remaining studies each considered differing herbal interventions. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Several herbal interventions are inadequately justified by single studies or non-comparable studies in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. There is moderate evidence that oils containing GLA (evening primrose, borage, or blackcurrant seed oil) afford some benefit in relieving symptoms for RA, while evidence for Phytodolor® N is less convincing.Tripterygium wilfordii products may reduce some RA symptoms, however, oral use may be associated with several side effects. Many trials of herbal therapies are hampered by research design flaws and inadequate reporting. Further investigation of each herbal therapy is warranted, particularly via well designed, fully powered, confirmatory clinical trials that use American College of Rheumatology improvement criteria to measure outcomes and report results according to CONSORT guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melainie Cameron
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, McAuley at Banyo, 1100 Nudgee Road, Banyo, QLD, Australia, 4014
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Chen WY, Yang WB, Wong CH, Shih DTB. Effect of Reishi polysaccharides on human stem/progenitor cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:8583-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Thyagarajan A, Jedinak A, Nguyen H, Terry C, Baldridge LA, Jiang J, Sliva D. Triterpenes from Ganoderma Lucidum induce autophagy in colon cancer through the inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated kinase (p38 MAPK). Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:630-40. [PMID: 20574924 DOI: 10.1080/01635580903532390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum is one of the most esteemed natural products that have been used in the traditional Chinese medicine. In this article, we demonstrate that G. lucidum triterpene extract (GLT) suppresses proliferation of human colon cancer cells HT-29 and inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft model of colon cancer. These effects of GLT are associated with the cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 and the induction of the programmed cell death Type II-autophagy in colon cancer cells. Here, we show that GLT induces formation of autophagic vacuoles and upregulates expression of Beclin-1 (1.3-fold increase) and LC-3 (7.3-fold increase) proteins in colon cancer cells and in tumors in a xenograft model (Beclin-1, 3.9-fold increase; LC-3, 1.9-fold increase). Autophagy is mediated through the inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) because p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB202190, induces autophagy and expression of Beclin-1 (1.2-fold increase) and LC-3 (7.4-fold increase), and GLT suppresses phosphorylation of p38 MAPK ( approximately 60% inhibition) in colon cancer cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate a novel mechanism responsible for the inhibition of colon cancer cells by G. lucidum and suggest GLT as natural product for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Zhou ZY, Tang YP, Xiang J, Wua P, Jin HM, Wang Z, Mori M, Cai DF. Neuroprotective effects of water-soluble Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on cerebral ischemic injury in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 131:154-164. [PMID: 20600765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the neuroprotective effects of water-soluble Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPS) on cerebral ischemic injury in rats, and to explore the involved mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two models [middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in primary cultured rat cortical neurons] were employed to mimic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage, in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Cerebral infarct area was measured by tetrazolium staining, and neurological functional deficits were assessed at 24h after I/R. Neuronal apoptosis was studied by Nissl staining and DNA fragmentation assay. Neuronal injury was assessed by morphological examination using phase-contrast microscopy and quantified by measuring the amount of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, cell viability was measured by sodium 3'-1- (phenylaminocarbonyl)-3, 4-tetrazolium-bis (4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene sulfonic acid (XTT) reduction. Neuronal apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry, and electron microscopy was used to study morphological changes of neurons. Caspase-3, -8 and -9 activation and Bcl-2, Bax protein expression were determined by western blot analysis. RESULTS Oral administration of GLPS (100, 200 and 400mg/kg) significantly reduced cerebral infarct area, attenuated neurological functional deficits, and reduced neuronal apoptosis in ischemic cortex. In OGD model, GLSP (0.1, 1 and 10 microg/ml) effectively reduced neuronal cell death and relieved cell injury. Moreover, GLPS decreased the percentage of apoptotic neurons, relieved neuronal morphological damage, suppressed overexpression of active caspases-3, -8 and -9 and Bax, and inhibited the reduction of Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that GLPS protects against cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting apoptosis by downregulating caspase-3 activation and modulating the Bcl-2/Bax ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Zhou
- Laboratory of Neurology, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Abstract
Spices and herbal remedies have been used since ancient times to treat a variety of disorders. It has been experimentally demonstrated that spices, herbs, and their extracts possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, lipid-lowering, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, antimutagenic and anticancer activities, besides their gastroprotective and anti-ulcer activities. Despite a number of reports on the toxicity of herbs and spices, they are generally accepted as safer alternatives to conventional therapy against gastric ulcers. To this end, it is also believed, that excessive consumption of spices may favor the pathogenesis of gastric and duodenal ulcer and some studies have substantiated this common perception. Based on various in vivo experiments and clinical studies, on the effects of spices and herbs on gastric ulcers, it has indeed been shown that certain spices do possess remarkable anti-ulcer properties mediated by antisecretory, cytoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-Helicobacter pylori effects and mechanisms regulated by nitric oxide, prostaglandins, non-protein sulfhydryl molecules and epidermal growth factor expression. Accordingly, their consumption may attenuate and help prevent peptic ulcer disease. In the present review, the beneficial effects of spices and herbal nutritive components on the gastric mucosa are discussed against the paradigm of their deleterious potential.
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Systems Biology Guided by Chinese Medicine Reveals New Markers for Sub-Typing Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. J Clin Rheumatol 2009; 15:330-7. [DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0b013e3181ba3926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lam FFY, Ko IWM, Ng ESK, Tam LS, Leung PC, Li EKM. Analgesic and anti-arthritic effects of Lingzhi and San Miao San supplementation in a rat model of arthritis induced by Freund's complete adjuvant. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 120:44-50. [PMID: 18708134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY In this study, we have investigated the analgesic and anti-arthritic effects of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combination of Lingzhi and San Miao San (SMS) in a rat model of arthritis induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with monoarthritis by single unilateral injection of FCA into the knee joint. The TCM combination was administered to the rats daily by intraperitoneal injection (50mg/(kgday)) or via oral administration (500mg/(kgday)) for 7 days before induction of arthritis and 7 days after. Extension angle that provoked struggling behavior, and size and blood flow of the rat knees were measured to give indexes of allodynia, edema, and hyperemia, respectively. The extent of cell infiltration, tissue proliferation, and erosions of joint cartilage provided additional indexes of the arthritis condition. RESULTS FCA injection produced significant allodynia, edema, hyperemia, immune cell infiltration, synovial tissue proliferation, and erosions of joint cartilage in the ipsilateral knees compared with the contralateral saline-injected knees. Intraperitoneal injection of the TCM combination (50mg/(kgday)) suppressed allodynia, edema, and hyperemia in the inflamed knees, and oral administration (500mg/(kgday)) suppressed edema and hyperemia. Histological examination showed that the TCM administered by either route reduced immune cell infiltration and erosion of joint cartilage. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the Lingzhi and SMS formulation has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in arthritic rat knees, and concur to previous clinical studies that showed the TCM combination reduced pain in rheumatoid arthritis patients, and extends its possible benefit to suppression of inflammatory symptoms in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Fu Yuen Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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Shi XM, Zhang JS, Tang QJ, Yang Y, Hao RX, Pan YJ. Fingerprint analysis of Lingzhi (Ganoderma) strains by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with chemometric methods. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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