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Rodríguez-González D, García-González M, Gómez-Bernal F, Quevedo-Abeledo JC, González-Rivero AF, Jiménez-Sosa A, González-López E, Heras-Recuero E, Ocejo-Vinyals JG, González-Gay MÁ, Ferraz-Amaro I. Relationship between the complement system and serum lipid profile in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1420292. [PMID: 39072319 PMCID: PMC11272461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1420292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The complement system has been linked to the etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients with RA exhibit a dysregulated profile of lipid molecules, which has been attributed to the inflammation present in the disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between a comprehensive assessment of the complement system and the lipid profile of patients with RA. Methods 430 patients with RA were recruited. New-generation techniques were employed to conduct functional assays of the three pathways of the complement system. Serum levels of various complement components such as C1q, factor D, properdin, lectin, C1-inhibitor, C2, C4, C4b, C3, C3a, C5, C5a, and C9 were assessed. Furthermore, a complete pattern of lipid molecules was measured including high (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and lipoprotein (a). Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between the complement system and lipid profile in RA patients. Results After multivariable analysis, several noteworthy associations emerged between the complement system and lipid molecules. Notably, complement components most strongly linked to the lipid profile were C1q and properdin, representing the upstream classical and alternative pathways, along with C3 from the common cascade. These associations demonstrated significance and positivity concerning total cholesterol, LDL, atherogenic index, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein(a), suggesting a connection with an unfavorable lipid profile. Interestingly, complement functional assays of the three pathways and activated products such as C3a and C5a showed no correlation with the lipid pattern. Conclusion The correlation between the complement system and lipid molecule patterns is pronounced in patients with RA. This relationship is predominantly positive and primarily associated with upstream complement components rather than activated ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara Rodríguez-González
- Division of Central Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - María García-González
- Division of Rheumatology , Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Fuensanta Gómez-Bernal
- Division of Central Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Elena González-López
- Division of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación sanitaria Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Elena Heras-Recuero
- Division of Rheumatology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Gonzalo Ocejo-Vinyals
- Division of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación sanitaria Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Miguel Á. González-Gay
- Division of Rheumatology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Iván Ferraz-Amaro
- Division of Rheumatology , Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of La Laguna (ULL), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Hernández-Díaz M, Rodríguez-González D, Heras-Recuero E, Gómez-Bernal F, Quevedo-Abeledo JC, González-Rivero AF, González-López E, Ocejo-Vinyals JG, Jimenez-Sosa A, González-Gay MÁ, Ferraz-Amaro I. The Relationship between the complement system and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:127. [PMID: 38978073 PMCID: PMC11229295 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and CV mortality. Subclinical carotid atherosclerosis is independently associated with rates of incident CV events among patients with RA. The complement system has been related to both the etiopathogenesis of RA and CV disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between a comprehensive assessment of the complement system and carotid intima media thickness and carotid plaque in patients with RA. METHODS 430 patients with RA were recruited. Functional assays of the three pathways of the complement system, utilizing new-generation techniques, were assessed. Additionally, serum levels of individual components of the complement system belonging to the three pathways were measured: C1q (classical), lectin (lectin), C2, C4, and C4b (classical and lectin), factor D and properdin (alternative), C3 and C3a (common), C5, C5a, and C9 (terminal), as well as regulators factor I and C1-inhibitor. Subclinical carotid atherosclerosis was evaluated by ultrasonography. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between the complement system and carotid intima media thickness and carotid plaque. RESULTS After multivariable adjustment, which included traditional CV risk factors and disease-related data, C3a and C5a exhibited significant positive correlations with carotid intima media thickness. Additionally, higher values of C1-inhibitor, properdin, C3, C5, and C5a were independently associated with the presence of carotid plaque. CONCLUSION The complement system and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis are linked in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Hernández-Díaz
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Elena Heras-Recuero
- Division of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Av. de los Reyes Católicos, 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Elena González-López
- Division of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | - Miguel Ángel González-Gay
- Division of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Av. de los Reyes Católicos, 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
| | - Iván Ferraz-Amaro
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Santander, Spain.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain.
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Karim S, Alkreathy H, Khan MI. Untargeted metabolic profiling of high-dose methotrexate toxicity shows alteration in betaine metabolism. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38938090 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2369587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is a well-established adverse effect of several drugs across multiple therapeutic indications. It is particularly prevalent following anticancer therapy. In order to evaluate the changes in cellular metabolism associated with methotrexate cardiotoxicity, we treated Wistar rats with a single high dose of methotrexate (HDMTX), and after five days, the animals were sacrificed. We then analyzed the cardiotoxicity parameters in serum like Cardiac enzymes(CK-MB, Troponin T, ALP), Inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6), oxidative stress markers (NO, NOX-2), histopathology and cardiac tissue with the goal of identifying a metabolic signature of cardiotoxicity using discovery-based metabolomics. The biochemical parameters for cardiac enzymes, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers showed a significant increase in all three categories in rats treated with HDMTX. These findings were mirrored in the histopathological analysis confirming cardiotoxicity due to HDMTX. The results showed a total of 95 metabolites that were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) modulated: either up- or downregulated in the HDMTX-treated group when compared with the control group. Using integrated pathway analysis we found these metabolites were associated with many important cardiac tissue metabolic pathways, such as the malate aspartate shuttle, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, betaine metabolism, spermidine biosynthesis, and homocysteine degradation. Among them, L-arginine, homocysteine, and betaine were significantly upregulated, suggesting their possible association with cardiac tissue injury. Overall, we provided evidence for using untargeted metabolomics to identify novel metabolites associated with HDMTX cardiac toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Karim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Alkreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Galajda NÁ, Meznerics FA, Mátrai P, Fehérvári P, Lengyel AS, Kolonics MV, Sipos Z, Kemény LV, Csupor D, Hegyi P, Bánvölgyi A, Holló P. Reducing cardiovascular risk in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors compared to conventional therapies-A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:1070-1088. [PMID: 38433519 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) patients including psoriasis, inflammatory arthritides and bowel diseases have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular (CV) diseases compared to the general population. The increased CV risk may be promoted by tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-mediated immunological processes, which are present both in the pathomechanism of IMIDs and atherosclerosis. Our objective was to comprehensively investigate the effect of TNF inhibitors (TNFi) on CV risk compared with conventional therapies in IMIDs. The systematic literature search was conducted in three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library) on 14 November 2022. Randomized controlled trials, cohort and case-control studies were eligible for inclusion. Outcomes consisted of the incidence of CV events, with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) as a main endpoint. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed by pooling fully adjusted multivariate hazard ratios (HR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) comparing TNFis with conventional systemic non-biologicals (CSNBs). Of a total of 8724 search results, 56 studies were included overall, of which 29 articles were eligible for the meta-analysis, and 27 were involved in the systematic review. Including all IMIDs, the TNFi group showed a significantly reduced risk of MACE compared with the CSNB group (HR = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58-0.95, p = 0.025; IRR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.67-0.88, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis of Pso, PsA patients by pooling IRRs also confirmed the significantly decreased risk of MACE in TNFi-treated patients compared with CSNB groups (IRR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.64-0.98). The observational nature of most included studies leading to high heterogeneity represents a limitation. Based on the results, TNFis may reduce the risk of CV events compared to CSNBs. Therefore, earlier use of TNFis compared to conventional systemic agents in the therapeutic sequence may benefit CV risk in IMID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Á Galajda
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - F A Meznerics
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - P Mátrai
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - P Fehérvári
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A S Lengyel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Translational Dermatology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M V Kolonics
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Z Sipos
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - L V Kemény
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Translational Dermatology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - D Csupor
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - P Hegyi
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Bánvölgyi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - P Holló
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Hajiesmaeili Y, Tamhankar P, Stranges S, Barra L. Factors associated with incident cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A scoping review. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103539. [PMID: 38582291 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common form of autoimmune inflammatory arthritis and is associated with various comorbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD). This scoping review summarizes the current evidence on longitudinal cohort studies assessing potential factors associated with the incidence of cardiovascular events among patients with RA. METHODS Scopus, PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were used to identify longitudinal cohort studies investigating the incidence of CVD among RA patients. Using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers screened and extracted the relevant studies independently to map the existing literature on this topic. The extracted data included study characteristics, demographics, comorbidities, behavioural and RA-related factors. RESULTS Thirty-three research papers were included with a mean follow-up duration of 7.8 years. The sample size of the studies ranged from 182 to 4,311,022 subjects, the mean age from 46.1 to 72.3 years, and on average, 34.6% of the participants were male. The following factors were reported to be associated with a higher incidence of CVD in RA patients: older age, male sex, co-morbid hypertension, diabetes, and/or dyslipidemia, the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) and/or acute phase reactants. Among RA treatments, glucocorticoids were shown to increase CVD incidence while DMARDs, especially methotrexate, were associated with a lower incidence of CVD. CONCLUSION This review offers a comprehensive summary of the current literature reporting on risk factors for CVD incidence among RA patients. Future research should focus on the less studied factors, including socioeconomic status, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, sleep habits and dietary patterns as well as some RA-related factors such as anti-citrullinated protein antibodies and functional impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Hajiesmaeili
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Preeti Tamhankar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Saverio Stranges
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; The Africa Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Lillian Barra
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
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6
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Wang Z, Hu K, Wu M, Feng L, Liu C, Ding F, Li X, Ma B. Factors associated with secondary coronary artery disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on observational studies. Musculoskeletal Care 2023. [PMID: 38047752 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this systematic review was to investigate the factors influencing the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wan Fang Date, CBM, CNKI, and VIP databases were systematically searched to select the relevant literature. The quality of the incorporated studies was assessed with reference to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Stata16 was adopted to summarise the odds ratios, risk ratios, hazard ratios, and 95% confidence intervals for meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 29 studies were included in this analysis, wherein the average age of RA patients was 50.5-81 years and the proportion of women was 44.4%-92%. The present meta-analysis suggested that increased CAD risk in RA patients was associated with age, male gender, smoking, glucocorticoids, Health Assessment Questionnaire scores, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, diabetes, and C-reactive protein concentration. CONCLUSION The present systematic review revealed the influencing factors of secondary CAD in RA patients, some of which could reduce the risk of secondary CAD through effective interventions, such as smoking cessation, exercise, and medications. However, the effects of age, RA severity, and different medication subgroups on CAD risk stratification warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kaiyan Hu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mei Wu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Liyuan Feng
- Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fengxing Ding
- Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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7
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Pofi R, Caratti G, Ray DW, Tomlinson JW. Treating the Side Effects of Exogenous Glucocorticoids; Can We Separate the Good From the Bad? Endocr Rev 2023; 44:975-1011. [PMID: 37253115 PMCID: PMC10638606 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that 2% to 3% of the population are currently prescribed systemic or topical glucocorticoid treatment. The potent anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids to deliver therapeutic benefit is not in doubt. However, the side effects associated with their use, including central weight gain, hypertension, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and osteoporosis, often collectively termed iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome, are associated with a significant health and economic burden. The precise cellular mechanisms underpinning the differential action of glucocorticoids to drive the desirable and undesirable effects are still not completely understood. Faced with the unmet clinical need to limit glucocorticoid-induced adverse effects alongside ensuring the preservation of anti-inflammatory actions, several strategies have been pursued. The coprescription of existing licensed drugs to treat incident adverse effects can be effective, but data examining the prevention of adverse effects are limited. Novel selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists and selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators have been designed that aim to specifically and selectively activate anti-inflammatory responses based upon their interaction with the glucocorticoid receptor. Several of these compounds are currently in clinical trials to evaluate their efficacy. More recently, strategies exploiting tissue-specific glucocorticoid metabolism through the isoforms of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase has shown early potential, although data from clinical trials are limited. The aim of any treatment is to maximize benefit while minimizing risk, and within this review we define the adverse effect profile associated with glucocorticoid use and evaluate current and developing strategies that aim to limit side effects but preserve desirable therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Pofi
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Giorgio Caratti
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - David W Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37LE, UK
| | - Jeremy W Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
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Ozen G, Pedro S, Michaud K. Major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality with opioids versus NSAIDs initiation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:1487-1494. [PMID: 37460169 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) risk with opioids compared with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) METHODS: We conducted a new-user active comparator cohort study among patients with RA within FORWARD, The National Databank for Rheumatic Diseases, with ≥1 year participation between 1998 and 2021. Each opioid initiator was matched to two NSAID initiators by propensity scores (PSs). Patients were followed until the occurrence of the composite endpoint of MACE (myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, cardiovascular disease (CVD) death, venous thromboembolism (VTE)) and all-cause mortality. The risk of outcomes was estimated using Cox proportional hazards with adjustment for PS weights and imbalanced covariables. RESULTS Among 6866 opioid initiators and 13 689 NSAID initiators, 212 vs 253 MACE (20.6/1000 person-years (PY) vs 18.9/1000 PY) and 144 vs 150 deaths (13.5/1000 PY vs 10.8/1000 PY) occurred, respectively. The risk of MACE with opioids was similar to NSAIDs (HR=1.02, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.22), whereas all-cause mortality with opioids was 33% higher than NSAIDs (HR=1.33, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.67) in PS-weighted models. Among the individual outcomes of MACE, VTE risk tended to be higher in opioid initiators than NSAID initiators (HR=1.41, 95% CI 0.84 to 2.35). Strong opioids had a higher risk for all-cause mortality and VTE than weak opioids compared with NSAIDs suggesting a dose-dependent association. CONCLUSION Opioids had similar MACE risk compared with NSAIDs in patients with RA with increased all-cause mortality and likely VTE, which suggests that opioids are not safer than NSAIDs, as clinicians have perceived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsen Ozen
- Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sofia Pedro
- FORWARD, The National Databank for Rheumatic Diseases, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Kaleb Michaud
- Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- FORWARD, The National Databank for Rheumatic Diseases, Wichita, Kansas, USA
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Palmowski A, Nielsen SM, Boyadzhieva Z, Hartman L, Oldenkott J, Svensson B, Hafström I, Wassenberg S, Choy E, Kirwan J, Christensen R, Boers M, Buttgereit F. The Effect of Low-Dose Glucocorticoids Over Two Years on Weight and Blood Pressure in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Individual Patient Data From Five Randomized Trials. Ann Intern Med 2023; 176:1181-1189. [PMID: 37579312 DOI: 10.7326/m23-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight gain and hypertension are well known adverse effects of treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of 2 years of low-dose glucocorticoid treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). DESIGN Pooled analysis of 5 randomized controlled trials with 2-year interventions allowing concomitant treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. SETTING 12 countries in Europe. PATIENTS Early and established RA. INTERVENTION Glucocorticoids at 7.5 mg or less prednisone equivalent per day. MEASUREMENTS Coprimary end points were differences in change from baseline in body weight and mean arterial pressure after 2 years in intention-to-treat analyses. Difference in the change of number of antihypertensive drugs after 2 years was a secondary end point. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were done to assess the robustness of primary findings. RESULTS A total of 1112 participants were included (mean age, 61.4 years [SD, 14.5]; 68% women). Both groups gained weight in 2 years, but glucocorticoids led, on average, to 1.1 kg (95% CI, 0.4 to 1.8 kg; P < 0.001) more weight gain than the control treatment. Mean arterial pressure increased by about 2 mm Hg in both groups, with a between-group difference of -0.4 mm Hg (CI, -3.0 to 2.2 mm Hg; P = 0.187). These results were consistent in sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Most patients did not change the number of antihypertensive drugs, and there was no evidence of differences between groups. LIMITATION Body composition was not assessed, and generalizability to non-European regions may be limited. CONCLUSION This study provides robust evidence that low-dose glucocorticoids, received over 2 years for the treatment of RA, increase weight by about 1 kg but do not increase blood pressure. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriko Palmowski
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany, Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark (A.P.)
| | - Sabrina M Nielsen
- Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, and Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (S.M.N.)
| | - Zhivana Boyadzhieva
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany (Z.B., J.O., F.B.)
| | - Linda Hartman
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.H.)
| | - Judith Oldenkott
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany (Z.B., J.O., F.B.)
| | - Björn Svensson
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology, Lund, Sweden (B.S.)
| | - Ingiäld Hafström
- Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (I.H.)
| | | | - Ernest Choy
- CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.C.)
| | - John Kirwan
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (J.K.)
| | - Robin Christensen
- Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Research Unit of Rheumatology, Frederiksberg, and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (R.C.)
| | - Maarten Boers
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M.B.)
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany (Z.B., J.O., F.B.)
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10
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Suwal A, Shrestha B, Setyono D, Poudel B, Donato A. Outcomes of the First Episode of STEMI in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients from the National Inpatient Sample Database, 2016-2019. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022; 47:101310. [PMID: 35810846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a higher burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but conflicting results were seen regarding in-hospital outcomes of STEMI in patients with RA compared to patients without RA. OBJECTIVES To compare in-hospital outcomes of the first episode of STEMI between patients with and without RA. METHODS The NIS database was used to conduct a retrospective study of U.S. hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of first-time STEMI from 2016 to 2019. We divided our study population into two cohorts, with diagnosis codes for RA and those without RA and compared baseline demographics, comorbidities, and in-hospital outcomes and finally performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for baseline factors. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that patients with RA were statistically more likely to be older, white, and female and had more hypertension, cardiomyopathy, CKD stage 3 or greater and heart failure. However, after adjusting for potential confounders, we found lower inpatient mortality in the first STEMI with RA cohort (adjusted OR: 0.70, 95% CI of 0.56-0.87, p <0.002) compared to the patients without RA. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in rates of in-hospital complications, including repeat MI, acute heart failure, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, and stroke. CONCLUSION In this study, patients with RA with first STEMI had lower inpatient mortality than those without RA. However, further patient-level studies are needed to understand better the impact of newer biologics and the effect of risk factor modification on this patient subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Suwal
- Department of Medicine, Reading Hospital, Tower Health, Reading, PA.
| | - Biraj Shrestha
- Department of Medicine, Reading Hospital, Tower Health, Reading, PA
| | | | - Bidhya Poudel
- Department of Medicine, AMITA Health Saint Francis Hospital, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Anthony Donato
- Department of Medicine, Reading Hospital, Tower Health, Reading, PA
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11
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Gwinnutt JM, Wieczorek M, Cavalli G, Balanescu A, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Boonen A, de Souza S, de Thurah A, Dorner TE, Moe RH, Putrik P, Rodríguez-Carrio J, Silva-Fernández L, Stamm T, Walker-Bone K, Welling J, Zlatković-Švenda MI, Guillemin F, Verstappen SMM. Effects of physical exercise and body weight on disease-specific outcomes of people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs): systematic reviews and meta-analyses informing the 2021 EULAR recommendations for lifestyle improvements in people with RMDs. RMD Open 2022; 8:rmdopen-2021-002168. [PMID: 35361692 PMCID: PMC8971792 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-002168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) taskforce was convened to develop recommendations for lifestyle behaviours in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). This paper reviews the literature on the effects of physical exercise and body weight on disease-specific outcomes of people with RMDs. METHODS Three systematic reviews were conducted to summarise evidence related to exercise and weight in seven RMDs: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), psoriatic arthritis, systemic sclerosis and gout. Systematic reviews and original studies were included if they assessed exercise or weight in one of the above RMDs, and reported results regarding disease-specific outcomes (eg, pain, function, joint damage). Systematic reviews were only included if published between 2013-2018. Search strategies were implemented in the Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library of systematic reviews and CENTRAL databases. RESULTS 236 articles on exercise and 181 articles on weight were included. Exercise interventions resulted in improvements in outcomes such as pain and function across all the RMDs, although the size of the effect varied by RMD and intervention. Disease activity was not influenced by exercise, other than in axSpA. Increased body weight was associated with worse outcomes for the majority of RMDs and outcomes assessed. In general, study quality was moderate for the literature on exercise and body weight in RMDs, although there was large heterogeneity between studies. CONCLUSION The current literature supports recommending exercise and the maintenance of a healthy body weight for people with RMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Gwinnutt
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Maud Wieczorek
- EA 4360 Apemac, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France,Center on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Cavalli
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andra Balanescu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, “Sf. Maria” Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,University Clinic for Aging Medicine, City Hospital Zurich - Waid, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annelies Boonen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands,Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Savia de Souza
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Annette de Thurah
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Dorner
- Centre for Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Social Insurance Fund for Public Service, Railway and Mining Industries, Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria,Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria
| | - Rikke Helene Moe
- National Advisory Unit for Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Polina Putrik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands,Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain,Department of Metabolism, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lucía Silva-Fernández
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Tanja Stamm
- Section for Outcomes Research, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karen Walker-Bone
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Joep Welling
- NVLE Dutch Patient Organization for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjana I Zlatković-Švenda
- Institute of Rheumatology, University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia,Department of Internal Medicine, University of East Sarajevo Faculty of Medicine Foča, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Francis Guillemin
- EA 4360 Apemac, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France,Inserm, CHRU Nancy, CIC-1433 Epidémiologie Clinique, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Suzanne M M Verstappen
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK .,MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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12
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Merola JF, McInnes IB, Deodhar AA, Dey AK, Adamstein NH, Quebe-Fehling E, Aassi M, Peine M, Mehta NN. Effect of Secukinumab on Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Inflammatory Biomarkers: Post Hoc Analyses of Pooled Data Across Three Indications. Rheumatol Ther 2022; 9:935-955. [PMID: 35305260 PMCID: PMC9127026 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-022-00434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) are chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and, more recently, the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are important inflammatory biomarkers predictive of CV disease and CV disease-associated mortality. Here, we report the effect of interleukin (IL)-17A inhibition with secukinumab on CV risk parameters in patients with psoriasis, PsA, and axSpA over 1 year of treatment. Methods This was a post hoc analysis of pooled data from phase 3/4 secukinumab studies in psoriasis, PsA, and axSpA. CV-related exclusion criteria included uncontrolled hypertension and congestive heart failure. Traditional risk factors assessed were body mass index (BMI) > 25, high fasting glucose and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), and high cholesterol (low-density lipoproteins [LDL], total cholesterol/HDL ratio, and triglycerides). Inflammatory CV risk parameters assessed were hsCRP and NLR. Statistical analysis was descriptive. Subgroup analyses were performed in high-risk patients defined as having baseline hsCRP > 4 mg/L (patients with psoriasis) and > 10 mg/L (patients with PsA/axSpA). Results In total, 9197 patients from 19 clinical trials (8 in psoriasis, n = 4742; 5 in PsA, n = 2475; 6 in axSpA, n = 1980) were included. All traditional CV risk parameters remained stable in secukinumab-treated patients through 1 year. Secukinumab rapidly reduced both hsCRP and the NLR compared with placebo at week 12 (psoriasis) or week 16 (PsA/axSpA) in the overall population and in high-risk patients (all P < 0.01). This reduction was maintained for at least 1 year of secukinumab therapy in all indications. Conclusions Secukinumab led to a rapid and sustained reduction in hsCRP and the NLR in patients with IMIDs with a high systemic inflammatory burden. Traditional CV risk factors remained stable for at least 1 year in patients with psoriasis, PsA, and axSpA. Taken together, secukinumab had a favorable effect on systemic inflammation without impact on traditional CV risk factors. Trials Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01365455, NCT01358578, NCT01406938, NCT01555125, NCT01636687, NCT02752776, NCT02074982, NCT02826603, NCT01752634, NCT01989468, NCT02294227, NCT02404350, NCT02745080, NCT01863732, NCT01649375, NCT02008916, NCT02159053, NCT02896127, NCT02696031. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40744-022-00434-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Merola
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | | | - Amit K Dey
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Nehal N Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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13
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Alsing CL, Nystad TW, Igland J, Gjesdal CG, Midtbø H, Tell GS, Fevang BT. Trends in the occurrence of ischaemic heart disease over time in rheumatoid arthritis: 1821 patients from 1972 to 2017. Scand J Rheumatol 2022; 52:233-242. [PMID: 35272584 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2022.2040116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate trends of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared with the general population over time. METHOD We performed a retrospective cohort study of 1821 RA patients diagnosed from 1972 to 2013. Aggregated counts of the total population of the same county (Hordaland, Norway) and period were used for comparison. Information on AMI and IHD events was obtained from hospital patient administrative systems or cardiovascular registries. We estimated incidence rates and excess of events [standardized event ratio (SER) with 95% confidence interval (CI)] compared with the general population by Poisson regression. RESULTS There was an average annual decline of 1.6% in age- and gender-adjusted AMI incidence rates from 1972 to 2017 (p < 0.035). The difference in events (excess events) in RA patients compared with the general population declined on average by 1.3% per year for AMI and by 2.3% for IHD from 1972 to 2014. There were no significant excess AMI (SER 1.05, 95% CI 0.82-1.35) or IHD events (SER 1.02, 95% CI 0.89-1.16) for RA patients diagnosed after 1998 compared with the general population. CONCLUSION Incidence rates and excess events of AMI and IHD in RA patients declined from 1972 to 2017. There were no excess AMI or IHD events in RA patients diagnosed after 1998 compared with the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Alsing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - T W Nystad
- Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - J Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Health and Social Science, Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Western Norway University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - C G Gjesdal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - H Midtbø
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - G S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - B T Fevang
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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14
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Ferraz-Amaro I, Corrales A, Atienza-Mateo B, Vegas-Revenga N, Prieto-Peña D, Sánchez-Martín J, Almeida C, Quevedo-Abeledo JC, Blanco R, González-Gay MÁ. SCORE2 Assessment in the Calculation of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:2363. [PMID: 34943599 PMCID: PMC8700102 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Risk chart algorithms, such as the Systematic Coronary Risk Assessment (SCORE), often underestimate the risk of CVD in patients with RA. In this sense, the use of noninvasive tools, such as the carotid ultrasound, has made it possible to identify RA patients at high risk of CVD who had subclinical atherosclerosis disease and who had been included in the low or moderate CVD risk categories when the SCORE risk tables were applied. The 2003 SCORE calculator was recently updated to a new prediction model: SCORE2. This new algorithm improves the identification of individuals from the general population at high risk of developing CVD in Europe. Our objective was to compare the predictive capacity between the original SCORE and the new SCORE2 to identify RA patients with subclinical atherosclerosis and, consequently, high risk of CVD. 1168 non-diabetic patients with RA and age > 40 years were recruited. Subclinical atherosclerosis was searched for by carotid ultrasound. The presence of carotid plaque and the carotid intima media wall thickness (cIMT) were evaluated. SCORE and SCORE2 were also calculated. The relationships of SCORE and SCORE2 to each other and to the presence of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis were studied. The correlation between SCORE and SCORE2 was found to be high in patients with RA (Spearman's Rho = 0.961, p < 0.001). Both SCORE (Spearman's Rho = 0.524) and SCORE2 (Spearman's Rho = 0.521) were similarly correlated with cIMT (p = 0.92). Likewise, both calculators showed significant and comparable discriminations for the presence of carotid plaque: SCORE AUC 0.781 (95%CI 0.755-0.807) and SCORE2 AUC 0.774 (95%CI 0.748-0.801). Using SCORE, 80% and 20% of the patients were in the low or moderate and high or very high CVD risk categories, respectively. However, when the same categories were evaluated using SCORE2, the percentages were different (58% and 42%, respectively). Consequently, the number of RA patients included in the high or very high CVD risk categories was significantly higher with SCORE2 compared to the original SCORE. (p < 0.001). In conclusion, although predictive capacity for the presence of carotid plaque is equivalent between SCORE and SCORE2, SCORE2 identifies a significantly higher proportion of patients with RA who are at high or very high risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Ferraz-Amaro
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
- Internal Medicine Department, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alfonso Corrales
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain; (A.C.); (B.A.-M.); (N.V.-R.); (D.P.-P.); (J.S.-M.); (R.B.)
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Belén Atienza-Mateo
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain; (A.C.); (B.A.-M.); (N.V.-R.); (D.P.-P.); (J.S.-M.); (R.B.)
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Nuria Vegas-Revenga
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain; (A.C.); (B.A.-M.); (N.V.-R.); (D.P.-P.); (J.S.-M.); (R.B.)
| | - Diana Prieto-Peña
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain; (A.C.); (B.A.-M.); (N.V.-R.); (D.P.-P.); (J.S.-M.); (R.B.)
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Julio Sánchez-Martín
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain; (A.C.); (B.A.-M.); (N.V.-R.); (D.P.-P.); (J.S.-M.); (R.B.)
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Cristina Almeida
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín, 35010 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (C.A.); (J.C.Q.-A.)
| | - Juan Carlos Quevedo-Abeledo
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Doctor Negrín, 35010 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (C.A.); (J.C.Q.-A.)
| | - Ricardo Blanco
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain; (A.C.); (B.A.-M.); (N.V.-R.); (D.P.-P.); (J.S.-M.); (R.B.)
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Miguel Á. González-Gay
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain; (A.C.); (B.A.-M.); (N.V.-R.); (D.P.-P.); (J.S.-M.); (R.B.)
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
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15
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Myasoedova E, Davis JM, Roger VL, Achenbach SJ, Crowson CS. Improved Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis in the 2000s: A Population-based Cohort Study. J Rheumatol 2021; 48:1379-1387. [PMID: 33589553 PMCID: PMC8364571 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.200842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess trends in incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality following incident CVD events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) onset in 1980-2009 vs non-RA subjects. METHODS We studied Olmsted County, Minnesota residents with incident RA (aged > 18 yrs, 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria met in 1980-2009) and non-RA subjects from the same source population with similar age, sex, and calendar year of index. All subjects were followed until death, migration, or December 31, 2016. Incident CVD events included myocardial infarction and stroke. Patients with CVD before RA incidence/index date were excluded. Cox models were used to compare incident CVD events by decade, adjusting for age, sex, and CVD risk factors. RESULTS The study included 905 patients with RA and 904 non-RA subjects. Cumulative incidence of any CVD event was lower in patients with incident RA in the 2000s vs the 1980s. The HR for any incident CVD in the 2000s vs 1980s was 0.53 (95% CI 0.31-0.93). The strength of association attenuated after adjustment for anti-rheumatic medication use (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.34-1.22). Patients with RA in the 2000s had no excess in CVD over non-RA subjects (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.42-1.19). Risk of death after a CVD event was somewhat lower in patients with RA after the 1980s with an HR of 0.54 (95% CI 0.33-0.90) in the 1990s vs 1980s and 0.68 (95% CI 0.33-1.41) in the 2000s vs 1980s. CONCLUSION The incidence of major CVD events in RA has declined in recent decades. The gap in CVD occurrence between patients with RA and the general population is closing. Mortality after CVD events in RA may be improving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Myasoedova
- E. Myasoedova, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic;
| | - John M Davis
- J.M. Davis III, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic
| | - Veronique L Roger
- V.L. Roger, MD, MPH, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, and Division of Circulatory Failure, Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic
| | - Sara J Achenbach
- S.J. Achenbach, MS, Division of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic
| | - Cynthia S Crowson
- C.S. Crowson, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Division of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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16
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Ozen G, Pedro S, Schumacher R, Simon T, Michaud K. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: do they differ in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? RMD Open 2021; 7:rmdopen-2021-001618. [PMID: 34193517 PMCID: PMC8246357 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an increasing concern in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with little known about risk factors. We aimed to compare risk factors for unprovoked VTE and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in patients with RA and to assess subsequent ASCVD risk after an unprovoked VTE. METHODS People with RA participating in a US-wide longitudinal observational registry from 1998 to 2018 were assessed for incident unprovoked VTE (deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary emboli not associated with cancer, recent surgery, hospitalisation, fracture and pregnancy) and ASCVD (myocardial infarction and stroke) validated from hospital/death records. Risk factors for VTE and ASCVD and the risk of ASCVD after an unprovoked VTE were determined using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS During median (IQR) 4 (1.5-7) years of follow-up in 31 366 patients with RA, 539 unprovoked VTE and 1648 ASCVD events were identified. The adjusted models showed increased VTE and ASCVD risk with older age, male sex, comorbidities, prior fracture, worse disability, higher disease activity and glucocorticoids. Traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors were common in both ASCVD and VTE but only increased ASCVD risk with obesity as the exception (VTE HR (95% CI), 1.46 (1.13-1.87)) and ASCVD, 0.58 (0.50-0.68)). ASCVD risk doubled after an unprovoked VTE (HR (95% CI), 2.05 (1.43-2.95)). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that unprovoked VTE is mediated by inflammation of RA and may be considered a spectrum of pan-cardiovascular syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsen Ozen
- Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sofia Pedro
- FORWARD, The National Databank for Rheumatic Diseases, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Rebecca Schumacher
- FORWARD, The National Databank for Rheumatic Diseases, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Teresa Simon
- Physicians Research Center, LLC, Toms River, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kaleb Michaud
- Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA .,FORWARD, The National Databank for Rheumatic Diseases, Wichita, Kansas, USA
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17
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Nowak KM, Rdzanek-Pikus M, Romanowska-Próchnicka K, Nowakowska-Płaza A, Papierska L. High prevalence of steroid-induced glucose intolerance with normal fasting glycaemia during low-dose glucocorticoid therapy: an oral glucose tolerance test screening study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:2842-2851. [PMID: 33254223 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of new-onset glucose metabolism impairment using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in patients with normal fasting glycaemia on long-term glucocorticoid (GC) treatment. METHODS An OGTT was performed in 150 patients without a previous history of pre-diabetes or diabetes who were diagnosed with inflammatory rheumatic diseases and treated with GCs >3 months. All participants underwent clinical and biochemical evaluation for risk factors of diabetes: age, sex, current and cumulative dose of steroids, treatment duration, waist circumference, BMI, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, fasting insulin concentration, family history of diabetes, CRP, 28-joint DAS with CRP, type of connective tissue disease and trunk fat percentage measured by DXA. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between the presence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in the OGTT and analysed risk factors. RESULTS A total of 102 patients (68%) had fully normal glucose tolerance. Diabetes, isolated impaired fasting glucose, isolated IGT and combined impaired fasting glucose + IGT was diagnosed in 3.3, 4.67, 19.33 and 4.67% of patients, respectively; 20% of participants had IGT or diabetes despite normal fasting glucose concentration. The median cumulative dose and current dose (5 mg) of GCs and treatment duration were similar compared with the normal glucose tolerance group. In a multivariate logistic regression model, only older age (particularly ≥50 years of age) and trunk fat percentage remained significant factors predicting IGT or diabetes in the OGTT. CONCLUSION New-onset GC-induced glucose intolerance, even in patients on long-term low-dose treatment, is prevalent despite normal fasting glucose concentration and patients should be screened with an OGTT despite the absence of classic risk factors of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina M Nowak
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Rdzanek-Pikus
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Nowakowska-Płaza
- Department of Rheumatology, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucyna Papierska
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Ocon AJ, Reed G, Pappas DA, Curtis JR, Kremer JM. Short-term dose and duration-dependent glucocorticoid risk for cardiovascular events in glucocorticoid-naive patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:1522-1529. [PMID: 34215644 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), along with glucocorticoid use, is associated with cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular safety of glucocorticoids in RA is controversial and may be related to dose and duration of use. We determined if initiating glucocorticoids in steroid-naive RA patients would increase cardiovascular event (CVE) risk in a dose and duration-dependent manner over short-term intervals. METHODS Patients enrolled in CorEvitas (formerly Corrona) RA registry. Cox proportional-hazards models estimated adjusted HRs (aHR) for incident CVE in patients who initiated glucocorticoid treatment, adjusting for RA duration, traditional cardiovascular risk factors and time-varying covariates: Clinical Disease activity Index, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs use and prednisone-equivalent use. Glucocorticoid use assessed current daily dose, cumulative dose and duration of use over rolling intervals of preceding 6 months and 1 year. RESULTS 19 902 patients met criteria. 1106 CVE occurred (1.66/100 person-years). Increased aHR occurred at current doses of ≥5-9 mg 1.56 (1.18-2.06) and ≥10 mg 1.91 (1.31-2.79), without increased risk at 0-4 mg 1.04 (0.55-1.59). Cumulative dose over preceding 6 months showed increased aHR at 751-1100 mg 1.43 (1.04-1.98) and >1100 mg 2.05 (1.42-2.94), without increased risk at lower doses; duration of use over preceding 6 months exhibited increased aHR for >81 days of use 1.54 (1.08-2.32), without increased risk at shorter durations. One-year analyses were consistent. CONCLUSIONS Over preceding 6-month and 1-year intervals, initiating glucocorticoids in steroid-naïve RA patients is associated with increased risk of CVE at daily doses ≥5 mg and increased cumulative dose and duration of use. No association with risk for CVE was found with daily prednisone of ≤4 mg or shorter cumulative doses and durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony James Ocon
- Medicine and Allergy, Immunology, Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - George Reed
- Medicine, Preventative and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Corrona Research Foundation, LLC, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Dimitrios A Pappas
- Corrona Research Foundation, LLC, Waltham, MA, USA.,Medicine and Rheumatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,CorEvitas (formerly CORRONA), LCC, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Curtis
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Joel M Kremer
- Corrona Research Foundation, LLC, Waltham, MA, USA.,CorEvitas (formerly CORRONA), LCC, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA.,Medicine and Rheumatology, Albany Medical College, The Center for Rheumatology, LLC, Albany, New York, USA
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19
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Pandher K, Ghamrawi RI, Heron CE, Feldman SR. Controversial cardiovascular and hematologic comorbidities in atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res 2021; 314:317-324. [PMID: 33973062 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-021-02240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis' (AD) systemic involvement is wide-reaching. The cardiovascular and hematological comorbidities of AD have potential for considerable economic and physical burden; however, data surrounding the association between these comorbidities and AD is controversial. This review discusses the cardiovascular and hematological comorbidities of AD, detailing the conflicting evidence, pathophysiology, and connection to medications. A PubMed search was conducted for studies detailing the association of cardiovascular and hematological comorbidities with AD, providing approximately 30 results. Additional searches were conducted for studies discussing the pathophysiology of these comorbidities and possible connections to AD medications. Various studies highlight either positive, negative, or no association of AD with hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and thrombosis. Coronary heart disease, angina, peripheral artery disease, and anemia are consistently positively associated with AD. However, the attributable risks of AD for stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation are low (25 per 100,000 persons [99% CI 6-44], 12 per 100,000 persons [99% CI - 4-27], 40 per 100,000 persons [99% CI 22-57], and 37 per 100,000 persons [99% CI 15-55]), respectively. The pathophysiology underlying these potential associations is not entirely clear. Corticosteroids, cyclosporine, and antimetabolites, all used to treat AD, may also be associated with many of these comorbidities. AD's controversial associations with cardiovascular and hematological diseases complicates management as it is difficult to define recommendations for screening of these comorbidities. A better understanding may help lessen the economic and physical burden of these comorbidities in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Pandher
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Dermatology Research, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1071, USA.
| | - Rima I Ghamrawi
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Dermatology Research, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1071, USA
| | - Courtney E Heron
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Dermatology Research, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1071, USA
| | - Steven R Feldman
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Dermatology Research, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1071, USA.,Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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20
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Sun KJ, Liu LL, Hu JH, Chen YY, Xu DY. Methotrexate can prevent cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: An updated meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24579. [PMID: 33607787 PMCID: PMC7899830 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The incidence of cardiovascular events (CVEs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is higher than that in people without RA. This may be because inflammation promotes the progression of atherosclerosis. Anti-inflammatory drugs might reduce the occurrence of CVEs in patients with RA. Methotrexate (MTX) is a conventional synthetic anti-rheumatic drug that is widely used in the treatment of RA. We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether MTX can prevent CVEs in RA patients. Then, we discussed the possibility of using MTX to prevent recurred CVEs in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library using the key words "methotrexate," "cardiovascular," "acute coronary syndrome," "coronary heart disease," "myocardial infarction," "angina pectoris," and "rheumatoid arthritis." The efficacy outcome was defined as a composite of CVEs, including stable angina, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, heart failure, and cardiac death. RESULTS A total of 10 studies and 195,416 RA patients were included in our meta-analysis, and the effect size of relative risk (RR) was pooled using a fixed effect model. The results showed that MTX prevented CVEs in RA patients (RR: 0.798, 95% CI 0.726-0.876, P = .001, I2 = 27. 9%). CONCLUSION MTX can prevent CVEs in RA patients, but there is not sufficient evidence for using MTX to treat patients with CHD.
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21
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Hadwen B, Stranges S, Barra L. Risk factors for hypertension in rheumatoid arthritis patients-A systematic review. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102786. [PMID: 33609791 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis is frequently associated with hypertension, which has been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in these patients. The aim of this systematic review was to explore demographic, behavioural or clinical factors including medication use, associated with incident hypertension in rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS MEDLINE and Scopus were searched for eligible studies that longitudinally investigated incident hypertension or changes in blood pressure (BP) in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Publications were screened by two reviewers according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of included studies was assessed via the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. RESULTS Fourteen studies were deemed eligible and included in this review. The proportion of female subjects ranged from 12 to 87% and the mean age ranged from 47 to 61 years. Regular exercise was associated with a decrease in systolic BP, p = 0.021. Methotrexate was associated with decreased risk of hypertension in two studies. LEF was associated with increased BP in two studies. COX-2 inhibitors were associated with systolic BP and diastolic BP variability (p = 0.009, 0.039, respectively) in one study. Prednisone was found to increase BP and risk of hypertension in three studies. The risk of hypertension in patients taking biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) is unclear as some studies report increased BP while others report no difference for biologic compared to conventional DMARDs. CONCLUSION Despite limited longitudinal studies exploring this topic, methotrexate and exercise were shown to protect against risk of hypertension in RA patients, while prednisone and COX-2 inhibitors may increase risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brook Hadwen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Saverio Stranges
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada; Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Lillian Barra
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
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22
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Kronzer VL, Crowson CS, Sparks JA, Myasoedova E, Davis J. Family History of Rheumatic, Autoimmune, and Nonautoimmune Diseases and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2021; 73:180-187. [PMID: 31785183 PMCID: PMC7260093 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since comorbidities such as autoimmune diseases may be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk, we hypothesized that a family history of these other conditions might also predict RA. Therefore, we aimed to determine the association between family history of 79 comorbidities and RA. METHODS This case-control study identified 821 cases of RA in the Mayo Clinic Biobank (positive predictive value 95%) and matched 3 controls to each case based on age, sex, recruitment year, and location. Patients self reported family history and characteristics (adjusted). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for RA risk according to the presence of family history for each comorbidity, adjusted for body mass index, race, and smoking. RESULTS Family history of several conditions was associated with developing RA, including rheumatic autoimmune diseases (ORadj 1.89 [95% CI 1.41-2.52]), pulmonary fibrosis (ORadj 2.12 [95% CI 1.16-3.80]), inflammatory bowel disease (ORadj 1.45 [95% CI 1.05-1.98]), hyper/hypothyroidism (ORadj 1.34 [95% CI 1.10-1.63]), and obstructive sleep apnea (ORadj 1.28 [95% CI 1.05-1.55]). Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus were associated with a statistically decreased risk of RA that did not reach the prespecified significance threshold of P < 0.01 (ORadj 0.70 [95% CI 0.49-0.98] and ORadj 0.81 [95% CI 0.67-0.97], respectively). Analyses among 143 cases of incident RA were similar and also suggested an association with a family history of autism (OR 10.5 [95% CI 2.51-71.3]). CONCLUSION Family history of several autoimmune and nonautoimmune comorbidities was associated with increased risk of RA, providing an opportunity to identify novel populations at risk for RA.
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23
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Drakopoulou M, Soulaidopoulos S, Oikonomou G, Tousoulis D, Toutouzas K. Cardiovascular Effects of Biologic Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs). Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 18:488-506. [PMID: 32056527 DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666200214115532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease is increased among patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases and remains an underserved area of medical need. Although traditional risk factors for CV disease, such as hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia and obesity contribute to endothelial dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), they are not enough on their own to explain the observed excess CV risk. Rather, systemic inflammation seems to play a pivotal role in both disease states. Considering the inflammatory process in autoimmune diseases, scientific interest has focused on recently introduced biologic disease-modifying agents (bDMARDS) such as inhibitors of Tumor Necrosis Factor- α (ΤΝF-α), Interleukins -1 (IL-1) and -6 (IL-6). Despite the widespread use of bDMARDS in RA and other chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases, their precise impact on CV disease and outcome remains to be elucidated, while prospective randomized control trials assessing their impact on hard CV endpoints are scarce. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning the effect of bDMARDs on CV outcome and on the risk of developing CV disease in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Drakopoulou
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Soulaidopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Oikonomou
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Toutouzas
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
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24
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Yun H, Xie F, Chen L, Yang S, Ferri L, Alemao E, Curtis JR. Evaluation of the Effect of Diabetes on Rheumatoid Arthritis-related Outcomes in an Electronic Health Record-based Rheumatology Registry. J Rheumatol 2020; 48:992-1001. [PMID: 33262304 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.200486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who also have diabetes mellitus (DM) might have worse clinical outcomes and adverse events compared to patients with RA who do not have DM. We evaluated the effects of DM on Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) changes and outpatient infection rates in patients with RA. METHODS Using the American College of Rheumatology's Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE) electronic health record-based registry, we identified patients with RA who had ≥ 1 rheumatologist visit with a HAQ measured in 2016 (index visit), ≥ 1 previous visit, and a subsequent outcome visit with the same HAQ measured at 12 months (± 3 months). We identified DM by diagnosis codes, medications, or laboratory values. Outpatient infection was defined by diagnosis codes or antiinfective medications. We calculated mean HAQ change and incidence rate (IR) of outpatient infections among patients with and without DM. Generalized linear models and Cox regression were used to calculate the adjusted mean HAQ change and HRs. RESULTS We identified 3853 RA patients with DM and 18,487 without DM. The mean HAQ change between index and outcome visit among patients with DM was 0.03 and without DM was 0.002 (P < 0.01). We identified 761 outpatient infections for patients with DM with an IR of 22.6 (95% CI 21.0-24.2) per 100 person-years and 3239 among patients without DM with an IR of 19.8 (95% CI 19.1-20.5). The adjusted HR of outpatient infections among patients with DM was 0.99 (95% CI 0.91-1.07), compared to patients without DM. CONCLUSION Patients with RA with concomitant DM had greater worsening, or less improvement, in their functional status, suggesting additional interventions may be needed for RA patients with DM to optimize treatment and management of other comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yun
- H. Yun, PhD, F. Xie, PhD, L. Chen, PhD, S. Yang, MS, J.R. Curtis, MD, MPH, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Fenglong Xie
- H. Yun, PhD, F. Xie, PhD, L. Chen, PhD, S. Yang, MS, J.R. Curtis, MD, MPH, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lang Chen
- H. Yun, PhD, F. Xie, PhD, L. Chen, PhD, S. Yang, MS, J.R. Curtis, MD, MPH, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shuo Yang
- H. Yun, PhD, F. Xie, PhD, L. Chen, PhD, S. Yang, MS, J.R. Curtis, MD, MPH, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Leticia Ferri
- L. Ferri, MD, PhD, E. Alemao, PhD, Bristol Myers Squibb, New York, New York, USA
| | - Evo Alemao
- L. Ferri, MD, PhD, E. Alemao, PhD, Bristol Myers Squibb, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Curtis
- H. Yun, PhD, F. Xie, PhD, L. Chen, PhD, S. Yang, MS, J.R. Curtis, MD, MPH, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
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25
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Pujades-Rodriguez M, Morgan AW, Cubbon RM, Wu J. Dose-dependent oral glucocorticoid cardiovascular risks in people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: A population-based cohort study. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003432. [PMID: 33270649 PMCID: PMC7714202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids are widely used to reduce disease activity and inflammation in patients with a range of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. It is uncertain whether or not low to moderate glucocorticoid dose increases cardiovascular risk. We aimed to quantify glucocorticoid dose-dependent cardiovascular risk in people with 6 immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a population-based cohort analysis of medical records from 389 primary care practices contributing data to the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), linked to hospital admissions and deaths in 1998-2017. We estimated time-variant daily and cumulative glucocorticoid prednisolone-equivalent dose-related risks and hazard ratios (HRs) of first all-cause and type-specific cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). There were 87,794 patients with giant cell arteritis and/or polymyalgia rheumatica (n = 25,581), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 27,739), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 25,324), systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 3,951), and/or vasculitis (n = 5,199), and no prior CVD. Mean age was 56 years and 34.1% were men. The median follow-up time was 5.0 years, and the proportions of person-years spent at each level of glucocorticoid daily exposure were 80% for non-use, 6.0% for <5 mg, 11.2% for 5.0-14.9 mg, 1.6% for 15.0-24.9 mg, and 1.2% for ≥25.0 mg. Incident CVD occurred in 13,426 (15.3%) people, including 6,013 atrial fibrillation, 7,727 heart failure, and 2,809 acute myocardial infarction events. One-year cumulative risks of all-cause CVD increased from 1.4% in periods of non-use to 8.9% for a daily prednisolone-equivalent dose of ≥25.0 mg. Five-year cumulative risks increased from 7.1% to 28.0%, respectively. Compared to periods of non-glucocorticoid use, those with <5.0 mg daily prednisolone-equivalent dose had increased all-cause CVD risk (HR = 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.64-1.84; range 1.52 for polymyalgia rheumatica and/or giant cell arteritis to 2.82 for systemic lupus erythematosus). Increased dose-dependent risk ratios were found regardless of disease activity level and for all type-specific CVDs. HRs for type-specific CVDs and <5.0-mg daily dose use were: 1.69 (95% CI 1.54-1.85) for atrial fibrillation, 1.75 (95% CI 1.56-1.97) for heart failure, 1.76 (95% CI 1.51-2.05) for acute myocardial infarction, 1.78 (95% CI 1.53-2.07) for peripheral arterial disease, 1.32 (95% CI 1.15-1.50) for cerebrovascular disease, and 1.93 (95% CI 1.47-2.53) for abdominal aortic aneurysm. The lack of hospital medication records and drug adherence data might have led to underestimation of the dose prescribed when specialists provided care and overestimation of the dose taken during periods of low disease activity. The resulting dose misclassification in some patients is likely to have reduced the size of dose-response estimates. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed an increased risk of CVDs associated with glucocorticoid dose intake even at lower doses (<5 mg) in 6 immune-mediated diseases. These results highlight the importance of prompt and regular monitoring of cardiovascular risk and use of primary prevention treatment at all glucocorticoid doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Pujades-Rodriguez
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ann W. Morgan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Cubbon
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jianhua Wu
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Dorrington AM, Selinger CP, Parkes GC, Smith M, Pollok RC, Raine T. The Historical Role and Contemporary Use of Corticosteroids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:1316-1329. [PMID: 32170314 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of corticosteroids to treat patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] has been the bedrock of IBD therapeutics since the pioneering work of Truelove and Witts in the UK in the 1950s and subsequent large cohort studies in the USA and Europe. Nevertheless, although effective for induction of remission, these agents do not maintain remission and are associated with a long list of recognised side effects, including a risk of increased mortality. With the arrival of an increasing number of therapies for patients with IBD, the question arises as to whether we are using these agents appropriately in contemporary practice. This review discusses the historical background to steroid usage in IBD, and also provides a brief review of the literature on side effects of corticosteroid treatment as relevant to IBD patients. Data on licensed medications are presented with specific reference to the achievement of corticosteroid-free remission. We review available international data on the incidence of corticosteroid exposure and excess, and discuss some of the observations we and others have made concerning health care and patient-level factors associated with the risk of corticosteroid exposure, including identification of 'at-risk' populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Dorrington
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Gareth C Parkes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health, London, UK
| | - Melissa Smith
- Department of Gastroenterology, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK
| | - Richard C Pollok
- Department of Gastroenterology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tim Raine
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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27
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Ozen G, Pedro S, Michaud K. The Risk of Cardiovascular Events Associated With Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2020; 48:648-655. [PMID: 32801134 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.200265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the comparative effects of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARD) and tofacitinib against conventional synthetic DMARD (csDMARD) on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS RA patients with ≥ 1 year of participation in the FORWARD study, from 1998 through 2017, were assessed for incident composite CVD events (myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and CVD-related death validated from hospital/death records). DMARD were categorized into 7 mutually exclusive groups: (1) csDMARD-referent; (2) tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor (TNFi); (3) abatacept (ABA); (4) rituximab; (5) tocilizumab; (6) anakinra; and (7) tofacitinib. Glucocorticoids (GC) were assessed using a weighted cumulative exposure model, which combines information about duration, intensity, and timing of exposure into a summary measure by using the weighted sum of past oral doses (prednisolone equivalent). Cox proportional hazard models were used to adjust for confounders. RESULTS During median (IQR) 4.0 (1.7-8.0) years of follow-up, 1801 CVD events were identified in 18,754 RA patients. The adjusted model showed CVD risk reduction with TNFi (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71-0.93) and ABA (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.30-0.83) compared to csDMARD. While higher GC exposure as weighted cumulative exposure was associated with increased CVD risk (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.11-1.19), methotrexate (MTX) use was associated with CVD risk reduction [use vs nonuse HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74-0.90, and high dose (> 15 mg/week) vs low dose (≤ 15 mg/week) HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70-0.99]. CONCLUSION ABA and TNFi were associated with decreased risk of CVD compared to csDMARD. Minimizing GC use and optimizing MTX dose may improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsen Ozen
- G. Ozen, MD, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sofia Pedro
- S. Pedro, MS, FORWARD, The National Databank for Rheumatic Diseases, Wichita, Kansas
| | - Kaleb Michaud
- K. Michaud, PhD, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, and FORWARD, The National Databank for Rheumatic Diseases, Wichita, Kansas, USA.
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Prescribing Trend of Antirheumatic Drugs in Taiwan and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Nationwide Cohort Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7987529. [PMID: 30915358 PMCID: PMC6402220 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7987529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the prescribing trend of antirheumatic drugs and assess the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Taiwan. This study was a retrospective cohort study, conducted based on the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The study subjects were 15,366 new rheumatoid arthritis patients from 2003 to 2010. To avoid selection bias, we applied propensity score matching to obtain general patients, as the control group. Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The most common prescriptions of rheumatoid arthritis were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. After controlling for related variables, rheumatoid arthritis patients had a higher risk of cardiovascular disease than general patients (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-1.39). Age was the most significantly associated risk factor with the cardiovascular disease. Other observed risk factors for cardiovascular disease included hypertension (aHR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.48-1.65), diabetes mellitus (aHR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.38-1.57), and chronic kidney disease (aHR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.31-1.66). Patients with rheumatoid arthritis indeed had a higher risk of incident cardiovascular diseases. Besides, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease were also associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Colaci M, Giuggioli D, Spinella A, Vacchi C, Lumetti F, Mattioli AV, Coppi F, Aiello V, Perticone M, Malatino L, Ferri C. Established coronary artery disease in systemic sclerosis compared to type 2 diabetic female patients: a cross-sectional study. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 38:1637-1642. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bimodal Function of Anti-TNF Treatment: Shall We Be Concerned about Anti-TNF Treatment in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Heart Failure? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061739. [PMID: 29895751 PMCID: PMC6032136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with anti-TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor), one of the pivotal cytokines, was introduced to clinical practice at the end of last century and revolutionized the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as many other inflammatory conditions. Such a treatment may however bring many safety issues regarding infections, tuberculosis, as well as cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure. Given the central role of proinflammatory cytokines in RA, atherosclerosis, and congestive heart failure (CHF), such a treatment might result in better control of the RA process on the one side and improvement of heart function on the other. Unfortunately, at the beginning of this century two randomized controlled trials failed to show any benefit of anti-TNF treatment in patients with heart failure (HF), suggesting direct negative impact of the treatment on morbidity and mortality in HF patients. As a result the anti-TNF treatment is contraindicated in all patients with heart failure and a substantial portion of patients with RA and impaired heart function are not able to benefit from the treatment. The role of TNF in CHF and RA differs substantially with regard to the source and pathophysiological function of the cytokine in both conditions, therefore negative data from CHF studies should be interpreted with caution. At least some of RA patients with heart failure may benefit from anti-TNF treatment, as it results not only in the reduction of inflammation but also contributes significantly to the improvement of cardiac function. The paper addresses the epidemiological data of safety of anti-TNF treatment in RA patients with the special emphasis to basic pathophysiological mechanisms via which TNF may act differently in both diseases.
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Benucci M, Bandinelli F, Damiani A, Gobbi FL, Infantino M, Grossi V, Manfredi M. Factors correlated with the improvement of endothelial dysfunction during Abatacept therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Inflamm Res 2018; 11:247-252. [PMID: 29922080 PMCID: PMC5995283 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s156822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis patients are exposed to a high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality even in the early phases of the disease. Methods We evaluated carotid common carotid intimal media thickness (ccIMT) intimal thickness and brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of 45 rheumatoid arthritis patients without known cardiovascular risk factors or heart disease on a stable dose of prednisone 5.2±1.2 mg/day and Methotrexate 11.5±2.1 mg at baseline (T0) and after 12 months (T1) of treatment with Abatacept 125 mg/week. The comparison between T0 and T1 (t- and Mann-Whitney test), correlation (Spearman r), and predictivity (linear regression) of FMD, ccIMT vs clinical and laboratory parameters (disease activity 28 score, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα], interleukin-6, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein (CRP), CD3+, CD3+/CD4+, CD3+/CD8+, CD19+(B), CD20+(B), NK CD3-CD56+CD16+, CD14+ HLA DR+, CD4+CD28+, CD4+CD28, rheumatoid factor IgM, IgA, RF IgG, anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies) were also evaluated. Results During Abatacept treatment, ccIMT and FMD remained stable and disease activity 28 score, CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and interleukin-6 decreased significantly (p=0.0001, 0.002, 0.0002, 0.0001 respectively). At T0, only ccIMT resulted as correlated with baseline TNFα values (p=0.0245) in an inverse proportion. At T1, ccIMT correlated with CD3/CD8+ lymphocytes number (p=0.0351) and FMD with CRP (p=0.0075). In regression analysis, baseline ccIMT and FMD had a low predictivity for TNFα (p=0.011) and CRP (p=0.049) at T1, respectively. Conclusion This study shows that the endothelial function remained stable during Abatacept treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Benucci
- Rheumatology Unit, Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Bandinelli
- Rheumatology Unit, Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
| | - Arianna Damiani
- Rheumatology Unit, Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Li Gobbi
- Rheumatology Unit, Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Infantino
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
| | - Mariangela Manfredi
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, Hospital S. Giovanni di Dio, Azienda USL-Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
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Analysis of Drug Effects on Primary Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells Activated by Serum Amyloid A. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8237209. [PMID: 29670468 PMCID: PMC5833471 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8237209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background RA patients have a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases compared to the general population. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase protein, upregulated in sera of RA patients. Aim To determine the effects of medications on SAA-stimulated human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). Methods HCAEC were preincubated for 2 h with medications from sterile ampules (dexamethasone, methotrexate, certolizumab pegol, and etanercept), dissolved in medium (captopril) or DMSO (etoricoxib, rosiglitazone, meloxicam, fluvastatin, and diclofenac). Human recombinant apo-SAA was used to stimulate HCAEC at a final 1000 nM concentration for 24 hours. IL-6, IL-8, sVCAM-1, and PAI-1 were measured by ELISA. The number of viable cells was determined colorimetrically. Results SAA-stimulated levels of released IL-6, IL-8, and sVCAM-1 from HCAEC were significantly attenuated by methotrexate, fluvastatin, and etoricoxib. Both certolizumab pegol and etanercept significantly decreased PAI-1 by an average of 43%. Rosiglitazone significantly inhibited sVCAM-1 by 58%. Conclusion We observed marked influence of fluvastatin on lowering cytokine production in SAA-activated HCAEC. Methotrexate showed strong beneficial effects for lowering released Il-6, IL-8, and sVCAM-1. Interesting duality was observed for NSAIDs, with meloxicam exhibiting opposite-trend effects from diclofenac and etoricoxib. This represents unique insight into specific responsiveness of inflammatory-driven HCAEC relevant to atherosclerosis.
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Prevalence of comorbidities in Mexican mestizo patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37:1507-1511. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Myasoedova E, Gabriel SE, Matteson EL, Davis JM, Therneau TM, Crowson CS. Decreased Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in Recent Years: Dawn of a New Era in Cardiovascular Disease in RA? J Rheumatol 2017; 44:732-739. [PMID: 28365576 PMCID: PMC5457313 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.161154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess trends in cardiovascular (CV) mortality in patients with incident rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 2000-07 versus the previous decades, compared with non-RA subjects. METHODS The study population consisted of Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA residents with incident RA (age ≥ 18 yrs, 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria was met in 1980-2007) and non-RA subjects from the same underlying population with similar age, sex, and calendar year of index. All subjects were followed until death, migration, or December 31, 2014. Followup was truncated for comparability. Aalen-Johansen methods were used to estimate CV mortality rates, adjusting for competing risk of other causes. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare CV mortality by decade. RESULTS The study included 813 patients with RA and 813 non-RA subjects (mean age 55.9 yrs; 68% women for both groups). Patients with incident RA in 2000-07 had markedly lower 10-year overall CV mortality (2.7%, 95% CI 0.6-4.9%) and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality (1.1%, 95% CI 0.0-2.7%) than patients diagnosed in 1990-99 (7.1%, 95% CI 3.9-10.1% and 4.5%, 95% CI 1.9-7.1%, respectively; HR for overall CV death: 0.43, 95% CI 0.19-0.94; CHD death: HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.05-0.95). This improvement in CV mortality persisted after accounting for CV risk factors. Ten-year overall CV mortality and CHD mortality in 2000-07 RA incidence cohort was similar to non-RA subjects (p = 0.95 and p = 0.79, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest significantly improved overall CV mortality, particularly CHD mortality, in patients with RA in recent years. Further studies are needed to examine the reasons for this improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Myasoedova
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
- E. Myasoedova, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; C.S. Crowson, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; E.L. Matteson, MD MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; J.M. Davis III, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; T.M. Therneau, PhD, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; S.E. Gabriel, MD, MSc, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.
| | - Sherine E Gabriel
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- E. Myasoedova, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; C.S. Crowson, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; E.L. Matteson, MD MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; J.M. Davis III, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; T.M. Therneau, PhD, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; S.E. Gabriel, MD, MSc, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
| | - Eric L Matteson
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- E. Myasoedova, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; C.S. Crowson, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; E.L. Matteson, MD MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; J.M. Davis III, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; T.M. Therneau, PhD, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; S.E. Gabriel, MD, MSc, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
| | - John M Davis
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- E. Myasoedova, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; C.S. Crowson, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; E.L. Matteson, MD MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; J.M. Davis III, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; T.M. Therneau, PhD, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; S.E. Gabriel, MD, MSc, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
| | - Terry M Therneau
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- E. Myasoedova, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; C.S. Crowson, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; E.L. Matteson, MD MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; J.M. Davis III, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; T.M. Therneau, PhD, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; S.E. Gabriel, MD, MSc, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
| | - Cynthia S Crowson
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- E. Myasoedova, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; C.S. Crowson, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; E.L. Matteson, MD MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; J.M. Davis III, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; T.M. Therneau, PhD, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science; S.E. Gabriel, MD, MSc, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
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Schieir O, Tosevski C, Glazier RH, Hogg-Johnson S, Badley EM. Incident myocardial infarction associated with major types of arthritis in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76:1396-1404. [PMID: 28219882 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesise, quantify and compare risks for incident myocardial infarction (MI) across five major types of arthritis in population-based studies. METHODS A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases with additional manual/hand searches for population-based cohort or case-control studies published in English of French between January 1980 and January 2015 with a measure of effect and variance for associations between incident MI and five major types of arthritis: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), gout or osteoarthritis (OA), adjusted for at least age and sex. All search screening, data abstraction quality appraisals were performed independently by two reviewers. Where appropriate, random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool results from studies with a minimum of 10 events. RESULTS We identified a total of 4, 285 articles; 27 met review criteria and 25 criteria for meta-analyses. In studies adjusting for age and sex, MI risk was significantly increased in RA (pooled relative risk (RR): 1.69, 95% CI 1.50 to 1.90), gout (pooled RR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.73), PsA (pooled RR: 1.41, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.69), OA (pooled RR: 1.31, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.71) and tended towards increased risk in AS (pooled RR: 1.24, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.65). Traditional risk factors were more prevalent in all types of arthritis. MI risk was attenuated for each type of arthritis in studies adjusting for traditional risk factors and remained significantly increased in RA, PsA and gout. CONCLUSIONS MI risk was consistently increased in multiple types of arthritis in population-based studies, and was partially explained by a higher prevalence of traditional risk factors in all types of arthritis. Findings support more integrated cardiovascular (CV) prevention strategies for arthritis populations that target both reducing inflammation and enhancing management of traditional CV risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Schieir
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Richard H Glazier
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Centre for Research on Inner City Health, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Elizabeth M Badley
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Health Care & Outcomes Research, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Low ASL, Symmons DPM, Lunt M, Mercer LK, Gale CP, Watson KD, Dixon WG, Hyrich KL. Relationship between exposure to tumour necrosis factor inhibitor therapy and incidence and severity of myocardial infarction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76:654-660. [PMID: 28073800 PMCID: PMC5530342 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) compared with subjects without RA, with the increased risk driven potentially by inflammation. Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) may modulate the risk and severity of MI. We compared the risk and severity of MI in patients treated with TNFi with that in those receiving synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (sDMARDs). Methods This analysis included patients with RA recruited from 2001 to 2009 to the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register for Rheumatoid Arthritis starting TNFi (etanercept/infliximab/adalimumab) and a biologic-naïve comparator cohort receiving sDMARD. All patients were followed via physician and patient questionnaires and national death register linkage. Additionally, all patients were linked to the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project, a national registry of hospitalisations for MI. Patients were censored at first verified MI, death, 90 days following TNFi discontinuation, last physician follow-up or 20 April 2010, whichever came first. The risk of first MI was compared between cohorts using COX regression, adjusted with propensity score deciles (PD). MI phenotype and severity were compared using descriptive statistics. 6-month mortality post MI was compared using logistic regression. Results 252 verified first MIs were analysed: 58 in 3058 patients receiving sDMARD and 194 in 11 200 patients receiving TNFi (median follow-up per person 3.5 years and 5.3 years, respectively). The PD-adjusted HR of MI in TNFi referent to sDMARD was 0.61 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.89). No statistically significant differences in MI severity or mortality were observed between treatment groups. Conclusions Patients with RA receiving TNFi had a decreased risk of MI compared with patients with RA receiving sDMARD therapy over the medium term. This might be attributed to a direct action of TNFi on the atherosclerotic process or better overall disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey S L Low
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Deborah P M Symmons
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark Lunt
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Louise K Mercer
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Chris P Gale
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| | - Kath D Watson
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - William G Dixon
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kimme L Hyrich
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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De Vecchis R, Baldi C, Palmisani L. Protective effects of methotrexate against ischemic cardiovascular disorders in patients treated for rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis: novel therapeutic insights coming from a meta-analysis of the literature data. Anatol J Cardiol 2016; 16:2-9. [PMID: 26467356 PMCID: PMC5336700 DOI: 10.5152/akd.2015.6136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The association between chronic use of methotrexate and decreased risk of ischemic cardiovascular events (CVE) among patients with psoriatic or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was investigated using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The studies should have recruited adults receiving methotrexate, followed up for at least one year. Moreover, studies should have reported “hard” cardiovascular endpoints, by evaluating the cardiovascular outcomes of the habitual users of the drug or of new users compared with patients with the same disease who had never used methotrexate. The outcome of interest was the overall pooled odds ratio (OR) of major adverse cardiovascular events, i.e., a composite of new- onset angina, acute coronary syndrome, need for percutaneous or surgical coronary revascularization, stroke, and cardiovascular death. The study was performed according to the PRISMA statement. Results: Seven observational studies, mostly engaging patients with RA, were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) was 0.73 (95% CI=0.70- 0.77 p<0.001). When stratified meta-analysis models were assessed, the pooled OR was 0.80 (95% CI=0.66-0.97; p=0.022) for studies adjusting for clinical severity of RA. Furthermore, the OR was even more significant after adjustment for concomitant use of other drugs specific for RA (OR=0.71, 95% CI=0.67-0.75, p<0.001). Conclusion: Methotrexate at low doses, such those used for maintenance therapy of RA, predicted a decreased risk of CVE. Since methotrexate doesn’t interfere with blood lipids, platelet aggregation or insulin resistance, the protective association may originate from mechanisms other than those exerted by antiplatelet drugs or statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato De Vecchis
- Cardiology Unit, Presidio Sanitario Intermedio "Elena d'Aosta"; Napoli-Italy.
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Ozen G, Pedro S, Holmqvist ME, Avery M, Wolfe F, Michaud K. Risk of diabetes mellitus associated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and statins in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 76:848-854. [PMID: 27836820 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the rate of incident diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the impact of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) and statin treatments. METHODS We studied patients with RA and ≥1 year participation in the National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases without baseline DM from 2000 through 2014. DM was determined by self-report or initiating DM medication. DMARDs were categorised into four mutually exclusive groups: (1) methotrexate monotherapy (reference); (2) any abatacept with or without synthetic DMARDs (3) any other DMARDs with methotrexate; (4) all other DMARDs without methotrexate; along with separate statin, glucocorticoid and hydroxychloroquine (yes/no) variables. Time-varying Cox proportional hazard models were used to adjust for age, sex, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, body mass index and RA severity measures. RESULTS During a median (IQR) 4.6 (2.5-8.8) years of follow-up in 13 669 patients with RA, 1139 incident DM cases were observed. The standardised incidence ratio (95% CI) of DM in patients with RA (1.37, (1.29 to 1.45)) was increased compared with US adult population. Adjusted HR (95% CI) for DM were 0.67 (0.57 to 0.80) for hydroxychloroquine, 0.52 (0.31 to 0.89) for abatacept (compared with methotrexate monotherapy), 1.31 (1.15 to 1.49) for glucocorticoids and 1.56 (1.36 to 1.78) for statins. Other synthetic/biological DMARDs were not associated with any risk change. Concomitant use of glucocorticoids did not alter DM risk reduction with hydroxychloroquine (HR 0.69 (0.51 to 0.93)). CONCLUSIONS In RA, incidence of DM is increased. Hydroxychloroquine and abatacept were associated with decreased risk of DM, and glucocorticoids and statins with increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsen Ozen
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sofia Pedro
- National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Marie E Holmqvist
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Frederick Wolfe
- National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Kaleb Michaud
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases, Wichita, Kansas, USA
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An J, Cheetham TC, Reynolds K, Alemao E, Kawabata H, Liao KP, Solomon DH. Traditional Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Management in Rheumatoid Arthritis Compared to Matched Nonrheumatoid Arthritis in a US Managed Care Setting. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2016; 68:629-37. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.22740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaejin An
- Western University of Health Sciences; Pomona California
| | | | | | - Evo Alemao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb; Princeton New Jersey
| | | | - Katherine P. Liao
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Daniel H. Solomon
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
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Rheumatoid Arthritis Pharmacotherapies: Do They Have Anti-Atherosclerotic Activity? Curr Rheumatol Rep 2016; 18:27. [DOI: 10.1007/s11926-016-0578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ljung L, Rantapää-Dahlqvist S, Jacobsson LTH, Askling J. Response to biological treatment and subsequent risk of coronary events in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 75:2087-2094. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Spagnolo P, Cordier JF, Cottin V. Connective tissue diseases, multimorbidity and the ageing lung. Eur Respir J 2016; 47:1535-58. [PMID: 26917611 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00829-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissue diseases encompass a wide range of heterogeneous disorders characterised by immune-mediated chronic inflammation often leading to tissue damage, collagen deposition and possible loss of function of the target organ. Lung involvement is a common complication of connective tissue diseases. Depending on the underlying disease, various thoracic compartments can be involved but interstitial lung disease is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality. Interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension or both are found most commonly in systemic sclerosis. In the elderly, the prevalence of connective tissue diseases continues to rise due to both longer life expectancy and more effective and better-tolerated treatments. In the geriatric population, connective tissue diseases are almost invariably accompanied by age-related comorbidities, and disease- and treatment-related complications, which contribute to the significant morbidity and mortality associated with these conditions, and complicate treatment decision-making. Connective tissue diseases in the elderly represent a growing concern for healthcare providers and an increasing burden of global health resources worldwide. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the immune functions in the elderly and evidence-based guidelines specifically designed for this patient population are instrumental to improving the management of connective tissue diseases in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Spagnolo
- Medical University Clinic, Canton Hospital Baselland, and University of Basel, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Jean-François Cordier
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, National Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Lyon, France Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Cottin
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, National Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Lyon, France Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, University of Lyon, Lyon, France INRA, UMR754, Lyon, France
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Michaud K, Berglind N, Franzén S, Frisell T, Garwood C, Greenberg JD, Ho M, Holmqvist M, Horne L, Inoue E, Nyberg F, Pappas DA, Reed G, Symmons D, Tanaka E, Tran TN, Verstappen SMM, Wesby-van Swaay E, Yamanaka H, Askling J. Can rheumatoid arthritis (RA) registries provide contextual safety data for modern RA clinical trials? The case for mortality and cardiovascular disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 75:1797-805. [PMID: 26857699 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We implemented a novel method for providing contextual adverse event rates for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) programme through coordinated analyses of five RA registries, focusing here on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. METHODS Each participating registry (Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America (CORRONA) (USA), Swedish Rheumatology Quality of Care Register (SRR) (Sweden), Norfolk Arthritis Register (NOAR) (UK), CORRONA International (East Europe, Latin America, India) and Institute of Rheumatology, Rheumatoid Arthritis (IORRA) (Japan)) defined a main cohort from January 2000 onwards. To address comparability and potential bias, we harmonised event definitions and defined several subcohorts for sensitivity analyses based on disease activity, treatment, calendar time, duration of follow-up and RCT exclusions. Rates were standardised for age, sex and, in one sensitivity analysis, also HAQ. RESULTS The combined registry cohorts included 57 251 patients with RA (234 089 person-years)-24.5% men, mean (SD) baseline age 58.2 (13.8) and RA duration 8.2 (11.7) years. Standardised registry mortality rates (per 100 person-years) varied from 0.42 (CORRONA) to 0.80 (NOAR), with 0.60 for RCT patients. Myocardial infarction and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) rates ranged from 0.09 and 0.31 (IORRA) to 0.39 and 0.77 (SRR), with RCT rates intermediate (0.18 and 0.42), respectively. Additional subcohort analyses showed small and mostly consistent changes across registries, retaining reasonable consistency in rates across the Western registries. Additional standardisation for HAQ returned higher mortality and MACE registry rates. CONCLUSIONS This coordinated approach to contextualising RA RCT safety data demonstrated reasonable differences and consistency in rates for mortality and CVD across registries, and comparable RCT rates, and may serve as a model method to supplement clinical trial analyses for drug development programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleb Michaud
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Niklas Berglind
- Biometric & Information Sciences, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Stefan Franzén
- Biometric & Information Sciences, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Thomas Frisell
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Garwood
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jeffrey D Greenberg
- NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA Corrona LLC, Southborough, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meilien Ho
- Clinical, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Marie Holmqvist
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Horne
- Medical Evidence & Observational Research Centre, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Eisuke Inoue
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fredrik Nyberg
- Medical Evidence & Observational Research Centre, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios A Pappas
- Corrona LLC, Southborough, Massachusetts, USA The College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - George Reed
- Corrona LLC, Southborough, Massachusetts, USA University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deborah Symmons
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Eiichi Tanaka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Suzanne M M Verstappen
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Hisashi Yamanaka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Johan Askling
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Balancing benefits and risks of glucocorticoids in rheumatic diseases and other inflammatory joint disorders: new insights from emerging data. An expert consensus paper from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO). Aging Clin Exp Res 2016; 28:1-16. [PMID: 26746234 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-015-0522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This consensus review article considers the question of whether glucocorticoid (GC) therapy is still relevant in the treatment of rheumatic diseases, with a particular focus on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and whether its side effects can be adequately managed. Recent basic and clinical research on the molecular, cellular and clinical effects of GCs have considerably advanced our knowledge in this field. An overview of the subject seems appropriate. METHODS This review is the result of a multidisciplinary expert working group, organised by European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis. The recent literature was surveyed and the salient evidence synthetized. RESULTS The pathophysiological basis of RA (and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases) now strongly implicates the adaptive immune system in addition to innate mechanisms. The molecular effect of GCs and differential GC sensitivity is better understood, although exploiting this knowledge is still in its infancy. The newer treatment strategies of early and aggressive control of RA have gr eatly improved clinical outcomes, but improvements are still possible. Newer targeted anti-inflammatory drugs have made an important impact, yet they too are associated with numerous side effects. DISCUSSION Short durations of moderate doses of GCs are generally well tolerated and have a positive benefit/risk ratio. Patients should be assessed for fracture risk and bone preserving agents and be prescribed calcium and vitamin D supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Within a strategy of a disease modifying approach to inflammatory disease, combination therapy including a GC is effective approach.
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Peschken CA, Hitchon CA, Garland A, Bernstein CN, Chen H, Fransoo R, Marrie RA. A Population-based Study of Intensive Care Unit Admissions in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2015; 43:26-33. [PMID: 26628597 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.150312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the incidence of and mortality after critical illness in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with the general population, and to describe the risks for and characteristics of critical illness in patients with RA. METHODS We used population-based administrative data from the Data Repository at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy from 1984 to 2010, and linked clinical data from an intensive care unit (ICU) database to identify all persons with RA in the province requiring ICU admission. We identified a population-based control group, matched by age, sex, socioeconomic status, and region of residence. The incidence of ICU admission, reasons for, and mortality after ICU admission were compared between populations using age- and sex-standardized rates, rate ratios, Cox proportional hazards models, and logistic regression models. RESULTS We identified 10,078 prevalent and 5560 incident cases of RA. After adjustment, the risk for ICU admission was higher for RA (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.50-1.83) versus the matched general population. From 2000-2010, the annual incidence of ICU admission among prevalent patients was about 1% in RA, with a crude 10-year incidence of 8%. Compared with the general population admitted to ICU, 1 year after ICU admission, mortality was increased by 40% in RA. Cardiovascular disorders were the most common reason for ICU admission in RA. CONCLUSION Patients with RA have a higher risk for admission to the ICU than the general population and increased mortality 1 year after admission. Even with advances in management, RA remains a serious disease with significant morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Peschken
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, and the IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.C.A. Peschken, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba; C.A. Hitchon, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba; A. Garland, MD, MA, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba;C.N. Bernstein, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, and IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba; H. Chen, MSc, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba; R. Fransoo, PhD, Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba; R.A. Marrie, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba.
| | - Carol A Hitchon
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, and the IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.C.A. Peschken, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba; C.A. Hitchon, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba; A. Garland, MD, MA, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba;C.N. Bernstein, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, and IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba; H. Chen, MSc, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba; R. Fransoo, PhD, Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba; R.A. Marrie, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
| | - Allan Garland
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, and the IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.C.A. Peschken, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba; C.A. Hitchon, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba; A. Garland, MD, MA, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba;C.N. Bernstein, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, and IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba; H. Chen, MSc, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba; R. Fransoo, PhD, Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba; R.A. Marrie, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, and the IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.C.A. Peschken, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba; C.A. Hitchon, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba; A. Garland, MD, MA, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba;C.N. Bernstein, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, and IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba; H. Chen, MSc, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba; R. Fransoo, PhD, Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba; R.A. Marrie, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
| | - Hui Chen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, and the IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.C.A. Peschken, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba; C.A. Hitchon, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba; A. Garland, MD, MA, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba;C.N. Bernstein, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, and IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba; H. Chen, MSc, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba; R. Fransoo, PhD, Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba; R.A. Marrie, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
| | - Randy Fransoo
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, and the IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.C.A. Peschken, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba; C.A. Hitchon, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba; A. Garland, MD, MA, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba;C.N. Bernstein, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, and IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba; H. Chen, MSc, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba; R. Fransoo, PhD, Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba; R.A. Marrie, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
| | - Ruth Ann Marrie
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, and the IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.C.A. Peschken, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba; C.A. Hitchon, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba; A. Garland, MD, MA, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba;C.N. Bernstein, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, and IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba; H. Chen, MSc, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba; R. Fransoo, PhD, Department of Community Health Sciences, and Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba; R.A. Marrie, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
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Nyberg F, Askling J, Berglind N, Franzén S, Ho M, Holmqvist M, Horne L, Lampl K, Michaud K, Pappas DA, Reed G, Symmons D, Tanaka E, Tran TN, Verstappen SMM, Wesby-van Swaay E, Yamanaka H, Greenberg JD. Using epidemiological registry data to provide background rates as context for adverse events in a rheumatoid arthritis drug development program: a coordinated approach. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015; 24:1121-32. [PMID: 26303866 DOI: 10.1002/pds.3854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Observational studies can provide context for adverse events observed in clinical trials, especially for infrequent events or long-term risks. We developed methods to improve safety contextualization for a rheumatoid arthritis drug development program through coordinated analyses of multiple registries. METHODS We identified and characterized differences and similarities across five registries (Swedish Rheumatology Quality of Care Register, Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America [CORRONA], Norfolk Arthritis Register, Institute of Rheumatology Rheumatoid Arthritis, and the new CORRONA International), harmonized outcome definitions, and investigated whether restricted subcohorts improved comparability with trial populations. To address confounding, we identified risk predictors for outcomes of interest (mortality, cardiovascular disease, infection, and malignancy). We used patient-level analyses at each registry and central analysis of standardized group-level data. RESULTS Despite data differences, the coordinated approach enabled consistent variable definitions for key baseline characteristics and outcomes. Selection of restricted subcohorts (e.g., using active joint count criteria) improved baseline comparability with trial patients for some rheumatoid arthritis disease activity measures, but less for other characteristics (e.g., age and comorbidity); however, such selection decreased sample size considerably. For most outcomes, age was the most important risk predictor, emphasizing the importance of age/sex standardization to address confounding. The prospective approach enabled use of recent relevant data; the distributed analysis safeguarded confidentiality of registry data. CONCLUSIONS Compared with reliance on published data alone, a forward-looking coordinated approach across multiple observational data sources can improve comparability and consistency and better support sensitivity analyses and data interpretation, in contextualizing safety data from clinical trials. This approach may have utility to support safety assessments across diverse diseases and drug development programs and satisfy future regulatory requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Nyberg
- Medical Evidence & Observational Research Centre, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden.,Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Askling
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Berglind
- Biometric & Information Sciences, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Stefan Franzén
- Biometric & Information Sciences, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Meilien Ho
- Clinical, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Marie Holmqvist
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Horne
- Medical Evidence & Observational Research Centre, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Kathy Lampl
- Clinical, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Kaleb Michaud
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Dimitrios A Pappas
- The College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Reed
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Deborah Symmons
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Eiichi Tanaka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Suzanne M M Verstappen
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Hisashi Yamanaka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeffrey D Greenberg
- NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Corrona LLC, Southborough, MA, USA
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Rainsford KD, Parke AL, Clifford-Rashotte M, Kean WF. Therapy and pharmacological properties of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2015; 23:231-69. [PMID: 26246395 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-015-0239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review examines the pharmacokinetics, modes of action and therapeutic properties of the anti-malarial drugs, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ), in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and related conditions, as well as osteoarthritis (OA). KEY FINDINGS Both HCQ and CQ have historically been employed successfully for the treatment of SLE and RA for over 70 years. HCQ has been used extensively for SLE where it has a good reputation for controlling the dermatological complications in SLE. It has also been reported to effectively control the symptoms of Sjøgren's syndrome, as well as preventing thrombosis in phospholipid antibody (aPL) syndrome. In RA and SLE, HCQ is preferred because of the lower incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions compared with CQ and it might have a lower risk of ocular adverse reactions. There is increasing evidence that HCQ may reduce atherosclerosis and risks of cardiovascular disease in rheumatic patients. Both HCQ and CQ have been shown to improve glycaemia and reduce the risks of type II diabetes mellitus. Although both HCQ and CQ are effective in low-moderate RA, HCQ is now preferred as part of combination therapy for more severe disease. The advantages of combination therapy are that the doses of the individual drugs may be lowered so reducing adverse reactions. Both HCQ and CQ are diastereoisomers, have basic properties and are given as the sulphate and phosphate salts. While being relatively well absorbed orally and with good bioavailability, they have long and variable plasma terminal elimination half-lives (approximately 40-60 days). This reflects their high volume of distribution, V D (HCQ 44,000L; CQ 65,000L) which extends into aqueous compartments, long mean residence time (HCQ 1300 h; CQ 900 h) and with about half the drugs (metabolites) undergoing renal clearance. The strong binding to melanin reflects the ocular injury and dermatological properties of these drugs. The consensus is that the occurrence of ocular adverse reactions can be minimised by close attention to the dose (which should be set on a body weight basis) with regular (e.g. quarterly) retinal examination. Although HCQ and CQ can pass through the placenta, the use of these drugs during pregnancy does not appear to risk harm to the baby and might be beneficial to the mother with SLE and her child by controlling the SLE disease activity, which is known to be an important factor affecting pregnancy outcome. The modes of action of HCQ and CQ in these arthritides represent somewhat of an enigma. Undoubtedly, these drugs have multiple actions related, in part, their ability to accumulate in lysosomes and autophagosomes of phagocytic cells as well as affecting MHC Class II expression and antigen presentation; actions of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [e.g. interleukin-1 (IL-1) tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα)]; control of toll-like receptor-9 activation; and leucocyte generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); i.e. antioxidant activity. The actions of these drugs on T and B cells are less clear but may depend on these leucocyte-mediated actions. Anti-malarials also protect against cytokine-mediated cartilage resorption. This and other actions may underlie the potential benefits in treating OA. The exact relationships of these various actions, mostly determined in vitro, have not been specifically defined in vivo or ex vivo in relation to clinical efficacy. OUTCOMES HCQ and CQ have a good reputation for being effective and relatively safe treatments in SLE, mild-moderate RA and Sjøgren's syndrome. There is need for (a) more information on their mode of action in relation to the control of these diseases, (b) scope for developing formulations that have improved pharmacokinetic and therapeutic properties and safety, and (c) further exploring their use in drug combinations not only with other disease modifying agents but also with biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Rainsford
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Ann L Parke
- Department of Rheumatology, St Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, 06105, USA
| | | | - W F Kean
- Department of Medicine (Rheumatology), McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K9, Canada.
- Department of Medicine (Rheumatology), McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Suite #708, 1 Young Street, Hamilton, ON, L8N 1T8, Canada.
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Zhou QM, Zheng Y, Chibnik LB, Karlson EW, Cai T. Assessing incremental value of biomarkers with multi-phase nested case-control studies. Biometrics 2015. [PMID: 26195245 DOI: 10.1111/biom.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Accurate risk prediction models are needed to identify different risk groups for individualized prevention and treatment strategies. In the Nurses' Health Study, to examine the effects of several biomarkers and genetic markers on the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a three-phase nested case-control (NCC) design was conducted, in which two sequential NCC subcohorts were formed with one nested within the other, and one set of new markers measured on each of the subcohorts. One objective of the study is to evaluate clinical values of novel biomarkers in improving upon existing risk models because of potential cost associated with assaying biomarkers. In this paper, we develop robust statistical procedures for constructing risk prediction models for RA and estimating the incremental value (IncV) of new markers based on three-phase NCC studies. Our method also takes into account possible time-varying effects of biomarkers in risk modeling, which allows us to more robustly assess the biomarker utility and address the question of whether a marker is better suited for short-term or long-term risk prediction. The proposed procedures are shown to perform well in finite samples via simulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian M Zhou
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A1S6
| | - Yingye Zheng
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lori B Chibnik
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tianxi Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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Radner H, Yoshida K, Hmamouchi I, Dougados M, Smolen JS, Solomon DH. Treatment Patterns of Multimorbid Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from an International Cross-sectional Study. J Rheumatol 2015; 42:1099-104. [PMID: 26034147 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.141534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the treatment profile of multimorbid patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in contrast to patients with RA only. METHODS COMORA (Comorbidities in Rheumatoid Arthritis) is a cross-sectional, international study assessing morbidities, outcomes, and treatment of patients with RA. Patients were grouped according to their multimorbidity profile assessed by a counted multimorbidity index (cMMI). Treatment for RA was categorized as use of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARD), in particular tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), synthetic DMARD (sDMARD) use only, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) use, and corticosteroid use. Logistic regression models were performed to determine the OR of bDMARD, TNFi, sDMARD, NSAID, or corticosteroid use based on a patient's cMMI and global region after adjusting for age, disease activity, disease duration, educational level, and previous DMARD therapy. RESULTS Out of 3920 patients, 32.7% received bDMARD; 59.9% sDMARD only, 51.1% used concomitant NSAID, and 54.8% used corticosteroid. Regional differences were observed with the most frequent use of bDMARD in the United States (46.5%) and lowest in North Africa (9%). After adjusting for confounders in logistic regression, the OR for bDMARD use was reduced for each additional morbidity (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83-0.96). Similar results were found for TNFi (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84-0.99), whereas the OR for use of sDMARD was increased (1.13, 95% CI 1.05-1.22). No significant change of OR was found for NSAID or corticosteroid use. CONCLUSION In this study, the odds of bDMARD use decreases 11% for each additional chronic morbid condition after adjustment for regional differences, disease activity, and other covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Radner
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Mohammed V Souissi University, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical Research and Epidemiology (LBRCE), Rabat, Morocco; Paris Descartes University, Department of Rheumatology - Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, EULAR center of excellence, INSERM (U1153): Clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, PRES Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France.H. Radner, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna; K. Yoshida, MD, MPH, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health; I. Hmamouchi, MD, PhD, Mohammed V Souissi University, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biostatistics, LBRCE; M. Dougados, MD, Paris Descartes University, Department of Rheumatology - Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, EULAR center of excellence, INSERM (U1153): Clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, PRES Sorbonne Paris-Cité; J.S. Smolen, MD, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna; D.H. Solomon, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital.
| | - Kazuki Yoshida
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Mohammed V Souissi University, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical Research and Epidemiology (LBRCE), Rabat, Morocco; Paris Descartes University, Department of Rheumatology - Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, EULAR center of excellence, INSERM (U1153): Clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, PRES Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France.H. Radner, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna; K. Yoshida, MD, MPH, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health; I. Hmamouchi, MD, PhD, Mohammed V Souissi University, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biostatistics, LBRCE; M. Dougados, MD, Paris Descartes University, Department of Rheumatology - Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, EULAR center of excellence, INSERM (U1153): Clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, PRES Sorbonne Paris-Cité; J.S. Smolen, MD, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna; D.H. Solomon, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Ihsane Hmamouchi
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Mohammed V Souissi University, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical Research and Epidemiology (LBRCE), Rabat, Morocco; Paris Descartes University, Department of Rheumatology - Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, EULAR center of excellence, INSERM (U1153): Clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, PRES Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France.H. Radner, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna; K. Yoshida, MD, MPH, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health; I. Hmamouchi, MD, PhD, Mohammed V Souissi University, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biostatistics, LBRCE; M. Dougados, MD, Paris Descartes University, Department of Rheumatology - Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, EULAR center of excellence, INSERM (U1153): Clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, PRES Sorbonne Paris-Cité; J.S. Smolen, MD, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna; D.H. Solomon, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Maxime Dougados
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Mohammed V Souissi University, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical Research and Epidemiology (LBRCE), Rabat, Morocco; Paris Descartes University, Department of Rheumatology - Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, EULAR center of excellence, INSERM (U1153): Clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, PRES Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France.H. Radner, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna; K. Yoshida, MD, MPH, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health; I. Hmamouchi, MD, PhD, Mohammed V Souissi University, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biostatistics, LBRCE; M. Dougados, MD, Paris Descartes University, Department of Rheumatology - Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, EULAR center of excellence, INSERM (U1153): Clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, PRES Sorbonne Paris-Cité; J.S. Smolen, MD, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna; D.H. Solomon, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Josef S Smolen
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Mohammed V Souissi University, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical Research and Epidemiology (LBRCE), Rabat, Morocco; Paris Descartes University, Department of Rheumatology - Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, EULAR center of excellence, INSERM (U1153): Clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, PRES Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France.H. Radner, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna; K. Yoshida, MD, MPH, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health; I. Hmamouchi, MD, PhD, Mohammed V Souissi University, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biostatistics, LBRCE; M. Dougados, MD, Paris Descartes University, Department of Rheumatology - Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, EULAR center of excellence, INSERM (U1153): Clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, PRES Sorbonne Paris-Cité; J.S. Smolen, MD, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna; D.H. Solomon, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Daniel H Solomon
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Mohammed V Souissi University, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical Research and Epidemiology (LBRCE), Rabat, Morocco; Paris Descartes University, Department of Rheumatology - Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, EULAR center of excellence, INSERM (U1153): Clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, PRES Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France.H. Radner, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna; K. Yoshida, MD, MPH, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health; I. Hmamouchi, MD, PhD, Mohammed V Souissi University, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biostatistics, LBRCE; M. Dougados, MD, Paris Descartes University, Department of Rheumatology - Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, EULAR center of excellence, INSERM (U1153): Clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, PRES Sorbonne Paris-Cité; J.S. Smolen, MD, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna; D.H. Solomon, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital
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Abstract
Although patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are recognized to be disproportionately impacted by cardiovascular disease (CVD), effective approaches of primary and secondary CVD prevention have not been well defined in this population. Given their robust disease-modifying potential and effects on both pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic pathways, there has been substantial speculation that biologic treatments may serve as a means of providing highly effective RA disease control while simultaneously reducing CVD risk in this high risk group. In this review, we examine available evidence relevant to the associations of approved biologic treatments with CVD outcomes in the context of RA.
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