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Xie J, Wan X, Yang M, Yu H, Hao J, Xu K, Wang J, Xu P. Circulating cytokines levels and osteoarthritis: A Mendelian randomization study. Cytokine 2024; 179:156625. [PMID: 38677184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous traditional observational studies have suggested the contribution of several cytokines and growth factors to the development of osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to determine the association of circulating cytokine and growth factor levels with OA. METHODS We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the causality between circulating cytokine and growth factor levels and OA [including knee or hip OA (K/HOA), knee OA (KOA), and hip OA (HOA)]. Summary level data for circulating cytokine and growth factor levels were sourced from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 8,293 participants of Finnish ancestry. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to K/HOA (39,427 cases and 378,169 controls), KOA (24,955 cases and 378,169 controls), and HOA (15,704 cases and 378,169 controls) were obtained from a previous GWAS. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was primarily used for our MR analysis. For exposures to only one relevant SNP as IV, we used the Wald ratio as the major method to assess causal effects. We also conducted a series of sensitivity analyses to improve the robustness of the results. RESULTS Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor levels were suggestively associated with an increased risk of K/HOA (odds ratio (OR) = 1.034; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.013-1.055; P = 0.001), KOA (OR = 1.034; 95 % CI = 1.014-1.065; P = 0.002), and HOA (OR = 1.039; 95 % CI = 1.003-1.067; P = 0.034). Circulating interleukin (IL)-12p70 levels was suggestively associated with K/HOA (OR = 1.047; 95 % CI = 1.018-1.077; P = 0.001), KOA (OR = 1.058; 95 % CI = 1.022-1.095; P = 0.001), and HOA (OR = 1.044; 95 % CI = 1.000-1.091; P = 0.048). Circulating IL-18 levels were suggestively associated with HOA (OR = 1.068; 95 % CI = 1.014-1.125; P = 0.012). However, limited evidence exists to support causal genetic relationships between other circulating cytokines, growth factor levels and K/HOA, KOA, and HOA. CONCLUSIONS Our MR analysis provides suggestive evidence of causal relationships between circulating cytokines and growth factors levels and OA, providing new insights into the etiology of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Xie
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710054, China
| | - Xianjie Wan
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710054, China
| | - Mingyi Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710054, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710054, China
| | - Jinrong Hao
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710054, China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710054, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710054, China.
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Goetz JE, Brouillette MJ, Sakyi MY, Paulsen DP, Petersen EB, Fredericks DC. A New Method for Creating Impact-Induced Intra-Articular Fractures in a Rabbit Model Induces Severe Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis. J Orthop Trauma 2024; 38:e133-e141. [PMID: 38206679 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000002757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to develop a model of intra-articular fracture (IAF) in a rabbit and document the speed and severity of degenerative joint changes after fracture fixation. METHODS With Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee approval, impact-induced IAFs were created in the distal tibia of 16 New Zealand White rabbits. Fractures were fixed with a plate and screws. Pain and function were monitored at regular postoperative intervals with limb loading analysis. Twelve or 26 weeks after fracture, animals were euthanized for histological assessment of cartilage degeneration and micro-computed tomography analysis of bone histomorphometry. RESULTS Eleven animals successfully completed the study. Maximum foot force in the fractured limb was 41% ± 21% lower than preoperative values ( P = 0.006) 12 weeks after fracture and remained 25% ± 13% lower ( P = 0.081) after 26 weeks. Cortical bone mineral density in micro-computed tomography images was 34% ± 13% lower 12 weeks after fracture ( P < 0.001) and remained (42% ± 8%) lower 26 weeks after fracture ( P < 0.001). Twelve weeks after fracture, Mankin scores of cartilage degeneration were significantly higher in the medial talus ( P = 0.007), lateral talus ( P < 0.001), medial tibia ( P = 0.017), and lateral tibia ( P = 0.002) of the fractured limb compared with the uninjured contralateral limb. Average Mankin scores in the talus increased from 12 to 26 weeks (5.9 ± 0.9 to 9.4 ± 0.4; P < 0.001 lateral; 5.4 ± 1.8 to 7.8 ± 2.0; P = 0.043 medial), indicating substantial and progressive joint degeneration. CONCLUSIONS The ankle joint of the New Zealand White rabbit provides the smallest available model of impact-induced IAF that can be treated with clinically relevant techniques and replicates key features of healing and degeneration found in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Goetz
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; and
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Marc J Brouillette
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; and
| | - Maxwell Y Sakyi
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; and
| | - Danielle P Paulsen
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; and
| | - Emily B Petersen
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; and
| | - Douglas C Fredericks
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; and
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Karjalainen K, Tanska P, Collins KH, Herzog W, Korhonen RK, Moo EK. Independent and combined effects of obesity and traumatic joint injury to the structure and composition of rat knee cartilage. Connect Tissue Res 2024; 65:117-132. [PMID: 38530304 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2024.2310838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degradation. Risk factors for OA include joint trauma, obesity, and inflammation, each of which can affect joint health independently, but their interaction and the associated consequences of such interaction were largely unexplored. Here, we studied compositional and structural alterations in knee joint cartilages of Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to two OA risk factors: joint injury and diet-induced obesity. Joint injury was imposed by surgical transection of anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLx), and obesity was induced by a high fat/high sucrose diet. Depth-dependent proteoglycan (PG) content and collagen structural network of cartilage were measured from histological sections collected previously in Collins et al.. (2015). We found that ACLx primarily affected the superficial cartilages. Compositionally, ACLx led to reduced PG content in lean animals, but increased PG content in obese rats. Structurally, ACLx caused disorganization of collagenous network in both lean and obese animals through increased collagen orientation in the superficial tissues and a change in the degree of fibrous alignment. However, the cartilage degradation attributed to joint injury and obesity was not necessarily additive when the two risk factors were present simultaneously, particularly for PG content and collagen orientation in the superficial tissues. Interestingly, sham surgeries caused a through-thickness disorganization of collagen network in lean and obese animals. We conclude that the interactions of multiple OA risk factors are complex and their combined effects cannot be understood by superposition principle. Further research is required to elucidate the interactive mechanism between OA subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Karjalainen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Tanska
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kelsey H Collins
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Crosstalk, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eng Kuan Moo
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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Deng C, Presle N, Pizard A, Guillaume C, Bianchi A, Kempf H. Beneficial Impact of Eicosapentaenoic Acid on the Adverse Effects Induced by Palmitate and Hyperglycemia on Healthy Rat Chondrocyte. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1810. [PMID: 38339087 PMCID: PMC10855847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis and a major cause of pain and disability. The pathology of OA involves the whole joint in an inflammatory and degenerative process, especially in articular cartilage. OA may be divided into distinguishable phenotypes including one associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) of which dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia have been individually linked to OA. Since their combined role in OA pathogenesis remains to be elucidated, we investigated the chondrocyte response to these metabolic stresses, and determined whether a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), may preserve chondrocyte functions. Rat chondrocytes were cultured with palmitic acid (PA) and/or EPA in normal or high glucose conditions. The expression of genes encoding proteins found in cartilage matrix (type 2 collagen and aggrecan) or involved in degenerative (metalloproteinases, MMPs) or in inflammatory (cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase, mPGES) processes was analyzed by qPCR. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release was also evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our data indicated that PA dose-dependently up-regulated the mRNA expression of MMP-3 and -13. PA also induced the expression of COX-2 and mPGES and promoted the synthesis of PGE2. Glucose at high concentrations further increased the chondrocyte response to PA. Interestingly, EPA suppressed the inflammatory effects of PA and glucose, and strongly reduced MMP-13 expression. Among the free fatty acid receptors (FFARs), FFAR4 partly mediated the EPA effects and the activation of FFAR1 markedly reduced the inflammatory effects of PA in high glucose conditions. Our findings demonstrate that dyslipidemia associated with hyperglycemia may contribute to OA pathogenesis and explains why an excess of saturated fatty acids and a low level in n-3 PUFAs may disrupt cartilage homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Deng
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l’Université de Lorraine, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France; (C.D.); (N.P.); (C.G.); (H.K.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Nathalie Presle
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l’Université de Lorraine, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France; (C.D.); (N.P.); (C.G.); (H.K.)
| | - Anne Pizard
- INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC), 94010 Créteil, France;
| | - Cécile Guillaume
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l’Université de Lorraine, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France; (C.D.); (N.P.); (C.G.); (H.K.)
| | - Arnaud Bianchi
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l’Université de Lorraine, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France; (C.D.); (N.P.); (C.G.); (H.K.)
| | - Hervé Kempf
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l’Université de Lorraine, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France; (C.D.); (N.P.); (C.G.); (H.K.)
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Philpott HT, Blackler G, Daniel Klapak J, Pitchers KK, Tomlinson M, Smith N, Viehweger J, Umoh JU, Holdsworth DW, Maerz T, Thomas Appleton C. Effects of risk factors on evoked pain patterns in rat models of experimental knee osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2617-2628. [PMID: 37132371 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Pain experiences in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) may be influenced differently by OA risk factors, reducing the translatability of preclinical research into the clinic. Our objective was to contrast evoked pain patterns after exposure to different OA risk factors including acute joint trauma, chronic instability, or obesity/metabolic syndrome using rat models of experimental knee OA. We tested longitudinal patterns of evoked pain behaviors (knee pressure pain threshold and hindpaw withdrawal threshold) in young male rats exposed to different OA-inducing risk factors including (1) nonsurgical joint trauma (impact-induced anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture); (2) surgical joint destabilization (ACL + medial meniscotibial ligament transection); and (3) high fat/sucrose (HFS) diet-induced obesity. Histopathology for synovitis, cartilage damage, and subchondral bone morphology was performed. Pressure pain threshold was reduced (more pain) most, and earlier by joint trauma (Week 4-12) and HFS (Week 8-28) than by joint destabilization (Week 12). Hindpaw withdrawal threshold was reduced transiently after joint trauma (Week 4), with smaller and later reductions after joint destabilization (Week 12), but not with HFS. Synovial inflammation occurred at Week 4 after joint trauma and instability but only coincided with pain behaviors after joint trauma. Cartilage and bone histopathology were most severe after joint destabilization and least severe with HFS. The pattern, intensity, and timing of evoked pain behaviors varied due to OA risk factor exposure and were inconsistently associated with histopathological OA features. These findings may help to explain the challenges with translating preclinical OA pain research to multimorbid clinical OA contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly T Philpott
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Garth Blackler
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Daniel Klapak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle K Pitchers
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madison Tomlinson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Niall Smith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaclyn Viehweger
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph U Umoh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Preclinical Imaging Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W Holdsworth
- Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Preclinical Imaging Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tristan Maerz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher Thomas Appleton
- Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Shin H, Prasad V, Lupancu T, Malik S, Achuthan A, Biondo M, Kingwell BA, Thiem M, Gottschalk M, Weighardt H, Förster I, de Steiger R, Hamilton JA, Lee KMC. The GM-CSF/CCL17 pathway in obesity-associated osteoarthritic pain and disease in mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1327-1341. [PMID: 37225052 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have previously identified a granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)/C-C motif ligand 17 (CCL17) pathway in monocytes/macrophages, in which GM-CSF regulates the formation of CCL17, and it is important for an experimental osteoarthritis (OA) model. We explore here additional OA models, including in the presence of obesity, such as a requirement for this pathway. DESIGN The roles of GM-CSF, CCL17, CCR4, and CCL22 in various experimental OA models, including those incorporating obesity (eight-week high-fat diet), were investigated using gene-deficient male mice. Pain-like behavior and arthritis were assessed by relative static weight distribution and histology, respectively. Cell populations (flow cytometry) and cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression (qPCR) in knee infrapatellar fat pad were analyzed. Human OA sera were collected for circulating CCL17 levels (ELISA) and OA knee synovial tissue for gene expression (qPCR). RESULTS We present evidence that: i) GM-CSF, CCL17, and CCR4, but not CCL22, are required for the development of pain-like behavior and optimal disease in three experimental OA models, as well as for exacerbated OA development due to obesity, ii) obesity alone leads to spontaneous knee joint damage in a GM-CSF- and CCL17-dependent manner, and iii) in knee OA patients, early indications are that BMI correlates with a lower Oxford Knee Score (r = -0.458 and p = 0.0096), with elevated circulating CCL17 levels (r = 0.2108 and p = 0.0153) and with elevated GM-CSF and CCL17 gene expression in OA synovial tissue. CONCLUSIONS The above findings indicate that GM-CSF, CCL17, and CCR4 are involved in obesity-associated OA development, broadening their potential as targets for possible treatments for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heonsu Shin
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Varun Prasad
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Tanya Lupancu
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Shveta Malik
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Adrian Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Mark Biondo
- CSL Ltd, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A Kingwell
- CSL Ltd, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Manja Thiem
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Marlene Gottschalk
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Heike Weighardt
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Irmgard Förster
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Richard de Steiger
- Department of Surgery, Epworth Healthcare, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kevin M-C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
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Delgado-Bravo M, Hart DA, Reimer RA, Herzog W. Alterations in skeletal muscle morphology and mechanics in juvenile male Sprague Dawley rats exposed to a high-fat high-sucrose diet. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12013. [PMID: 37491416 PMCID: PMC10368627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although once a health concern largely considered in adults, the obesity epidemic is now prevalent in pediatric populations. While detrimental effects on skeletal muscle function have been seen in adulthood, the effects of obesity on skeletal muscle function in childhood is not clearly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine if the consumption of a high-fat high-sucrose (HFS) diet, starting in the post-weaning period, leads to changes in skeletal muscle morphology and mechanics after 14 weeks on the HFS diet. Eighteen 3-week-old male CD-Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a HFS (C-HFS, n = 10) or standard chow diet (C-CHOW, n = 8). Outcome measures included: weekly energy intake, activity levels, oxygen consumption, body mass, body composition, metabolic profile, serum protein levels, and medial gastrocnemius gene expression, morphology, and mechanics. The main findings from this study were that C-HFS rats: (1) had a greater body mass and percent body fat than control rats; (2) showed early signs of metabolic syndrome; (3) demonstrated potential impairment in muscle remodeling; (4) produced lower relative muscle force; and (5) had a shift in the force-length relationship, indicating that the medial gastrocnemius had shorter muscle fiber lengths compared to those of C-CHOW rats. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that exposure to a HFS diet led to increased body mass, body fat percentage, and early signs of metabolic syndrome, resulting in functional deficits in MG of childhood rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Delgado-Bravo
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David A Hart
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Zhang JW, Guan JQ, Zhong YX. Association of prenatal obesity and cord blood cytokine levels with allergic diseases in children: A 10-year follow-up cohort study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17375. [PMID: 37484399 PMCID: PMC10361389 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Although studies have associated elevated prenatal obesity with increased risk of various diseases in offspring, little is known regarding the immune system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between prenatal obesity and levels of cytokines in umbilical cord blood and development of allergic disease during the first 10 years of life in an offspring. Methods A cohort of term infants born at the ShaoXing Women and Children Hospitals in China in 2011 was enrolled in this study. Flow cytometry was performed to measure levels of various cord blood cytokines, namely IL1β, IL2, IL10, IL6, IL8, IL17, IL12, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Next, logistic regression was used to explore the association of prenatal BMI with the development of allergic disease. The relationship between levels of each cord blood cytokine with prenatal BMI, and allergic disease development was tested using linear and logistic regression analyses, respectively. Results After 10 years of follow-up, higher prenatal BMI was significantly associated with development of allergic disease in children (HR = 2.45, 95% CI:1.08-5.57, P = 0.033). We also adjusted for maternal age, education and infant gender, and found that prenatal BMI was significantly associated with higher levels of IL12 (P = 0.023) and IL1β (P = 0.049) in cord blood. Moreover, we adjusted for maternal age, education, allergic dermatitis, gestation age and infant gender, and found that increase in each unit (1.26 pg/ml) in IL17 was associated with a 55.5% higher risk of allergic disease in 10-year-old children (HR = 1.55, 95%Cl: 0.99-2.45, P = 0.056). Meanwhile, after adjusting for maternal age, education level, gestation age, prenatal BMI, gestational weight gain, infant gender and birthweight, we found that for every unit increase in IL10, IL6 and IL1β, the risk of overweight/obesity in children after 10-year follow-up increased by 18.7% (HR = 1.19, 95%Cl: 1.01-1.40, P = 0.042), 13.9% (HR = 1.14, 95%Cl: 1.02-1.27, P = 0.021) and 41.3% (HR = 1.41, 95%Cl: 1.02-1.95, P = 0.036), respectively. Conclusions Prenatal obesity was positively correlated with allergic diseases in offspring. Cord blood cytokine may play mediating roles in the associations of prenatal obesity with offspring allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Guan
- Department of Public Health, Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, China
| | - Yong-Xing Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, China
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9
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Dou H, Wang S, Hu J, Song J, Zhang C, Wang J, Xiao L. Osteoarthritis models: From animals to tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231172584. [PMID: 37223125 PMCID: PMC10201005 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231172584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative osteoarthropathy. Although it has been revealed that a variety of factors can cause or aggravate the symptoms of OA, the pathogenic mechanisms of OA remain unknown. Reliable OA models that accurately reflect human OA disease are crucial for studies on the pathogenic mechanism of OA and therapeutic drug evaluation. This review first demonstrated the importance of OA models by briefly introducing the OA pathological features and the current limitations in the pathogenesis and treatment of OA. Then, it mainly discusses the development of different OA models, including animal and engineered models, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages from the perspective of pathogenesis and pathology analysis. In particular, the state-of-the-art engineered models and their potential were emphasized, as they may represent the future direction in the development of OA models. Finally, the challenges in obtaining reliable OA models are also discussed, and possible future directions are outlined to shed some light on this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Dou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuhan Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen Testing Center of Medical Devices, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
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10
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Wheelwright JC, Christensen GV, Cizik AM, Zhang C, Marchand LS, Haller JM. Significant Factors of High Performance Outcomes for Tibial Plafond Fractures. Foot Ankle Int 2022; 43:1261-1268. [PMID: 35869643 PMCID: PMC10563871 DOI: 10.1177/10711007221112924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research exists about high performance postsurgical tibial plafond fractures. This study aimed to identify aspects of the plafond fracture injury and care associated with "high performance" based on Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Function (PF) scores. METHODS Tibial plafond fracture patients with minimum 12-month follow-up treated at a level 1 trauma center from 2006 to 2019 were categorized into high (top 25%) vs average-low (AL) (bottom 75%) performers based on PROMIS PF scores. Demographics and fracture characteristics of high and AL performers were compared. Variables with a P value less than .1 were used in stepwise logistic regressions. RESULTS The final cohort of 198 patients was divided into high (n=51) and AL (n=147) performers based on PF scores. The mean PF scores for the high and AL groups were 58 (SD=5.3) and 41.9 (SD=6.5), respectively. The mean PROMIS Pain Interference scores for the high performers and AL were 43.3 (SD=4.9) and 56.8 (SD=8.6) (P < .001), respectively. FAAM activities of daily living (high 95.4 [SD=5.5] vs AL 70.4 [SD=19.8], P < .001) and FAAM sports (high 76.8 [SD=21.3] vs AL 27.3 [SD=28.9], P < .001) subscale scores were significantly greater in the high-performing group. Sex, age, marital status, and diabetes were nonsignificant factors in univariate analysis. Significant demographic factors associated with high performance from univariate analysis were Caucasian race, private insurance, no tobacco use, lower body mass index (BMI), and mechanism of injury. Patients with fracture characteristics of OTA 43C (complete articular) fractures, bone loss, open fractures, or nonexcellent reduction were significantly less likely to be high performers. Additionally, less than excellent reductions were more common in more complex fracture patterns. Multivariable regression modeling showed that higher BMI, OTA/AO 43-C (complete articular) fracture classification, and open fracture were significant independent risk factors for reducing likelihood of high performance. CONCLUSION Significant independent factors associated with high performance after tibial plafond fracture are lower BMI, closed fracture, and OTA/AO 43-B (partial articular) fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Wheelwright
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Amy M. Cizik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Chong Zhang
- Biostatistical Analyst, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Lucas S. Marchand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Justin M. Haller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT
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11
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Cardoso DV, Paccaud J, Dubois-Ferrière V, Barea C, Hannouche D, Veljkovic A, Lübbeke A. The effect of BMI on long-term outcomes after operatively treated ankle fractures: a study with up to 16 years of follow-up. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:317. [PMID: 35379212 PMCID: PMC8978374 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ankle fractures are a common injury and the main cause of post-traumatic ankle arthritis. The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, and this population is known to have poorer short and midterm outcomes after ankle fractures. Our objective is to assess long-term patient-reported outcomes in patients with operatively treated ankle fractures, and the effect of BMI on these results using the new and validated patient-reported outcome questionnaire, the Manchester Oxford foot and ankle questionnaire (MOXFQ). Methods We performed a retrospective review of all ankle fractures treated operatively in a ten-year period from 2002–2012. The MOXFQ and SF-12 were sent to all patients and were obtained, on average, 11.1 years after surgery (range 5.3–16.2 years). Results Two thousand fifty-five ankle fractures were reviewed, of which 478 (34%) patients completed the questionnaires. The mean age was 48.1 ± 15.5 years, 52% were men and the mean BMI was 26.1 ± 4.5 kg/m2. Of the 478, 47% were of normal weight, 36% were overweight, and 17% were obese. Overall, 2.1% were type A, 69.9% B, and 24.9% type C fractures. There were no significant differences in the type of fracture between the BMI groups. Comparing obese and non-obese patients, there were large differences in MOXFQ pain (33 ± 29 vs. 18.7 ± 22.1, effect size 0.55), and function scores (27.3 ± 29 vs. 12.5 ± 21.1, effect size 0.58). No differences in complications and reoperations rates were observed. The BMI value at surgery correlated more strongly with the MOXFQ pain score than the BMI at follow-up (Spearman’s Rho 0.283 vs. 0.185, respectively). Conclusion These findings reveal that obese patients have significant worse long-term outcomes, namely increased pain, poorer function, and greater impairment in everyday life after an operatively treated ankle fracture. Moreover, pain and function linearly declined with increasing BMI. Our findings appear to indicate that increased BMI at surgery is an important contributor to adverse outcome in the operative management of rotational ankle fractures. Level of evidence III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Vieira Cardoso
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Footbridge Centre for Integrated Orthopaedic Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Joris Paccaud
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Victor Dubois-Ferrière
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Barea
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Hannouche
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Veljkovic
- Footbridge Centre for Integrated Orthopaedic Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anne Lübbeke
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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12
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Wang Y, Meng F, Wu J, Long H, Li J, Wu Z, He H, Wang H, Wang N, Xie D. Associations between adipokines gene polymorphisms and knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:166. [PMID: 35193537 PMCID: PMC8864815 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adipokines gene polymorphisms are speculated to be associated with the risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA), but evidence remains conflicting. This study therefore aimed to examine whether associations exist between adipokines gene polymorphisms and knee OA by considering the evidence collected from eligible studies through a meta-analysis. Methods A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang up to March 31, 2020. Meta-analysis was carried out by focusing on the associations between adipokines gene polymorphisms and knee OA with the allele model, dominant model, and recessive model. Results The present meta-analysis included 5 eligible studies for ADIPOQ rs1501299 with 1,021 cases and 1,097 controls, 3 eligible studies for ADIPOQ rs2241766 with 549 cases and 544 controls, 3 eligible studies for LEPR rs1137101 with 808 cases and 856 controls, 2 eligible studies for VISFATIN rs4730153 with 339 cases and 680 controls and 2 eligible studies for VISFATIN rs16872158 with 339 cases and 680 controls. Significant association was observed between LEPR rs1137101 and knee OA in the overall population (recessive: OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.21–0.79). Limited data revealed that associations may exist between ADIPOQ rs2241766 and knee OA in Asians (dominant: OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.03–1.78), between VISFATIN rs4730153 and knee OA in Asians (allele: OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.41–0.83; dominant: OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.39–0.83), and between VISFATIN rs16872158 and knee OA in Asians (allele: OR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.26–2.68; dominant: OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.31–2.89). Conclusions Adipokines gene polymorphisms may be associated with knee OA. The association was observed in LEPR rs1137101 in the present study. In addition, limited data revealed that associations may also exist in ADIPOQ rs2241766, VISFATIN rs4730153 and VISFATIN rs16872158. Prospero registration CRD42020187664. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-05111-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fanqiang Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huizhong Long
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiatian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziying Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongyi He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haochen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dongxing Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Hunan Engineering Research Center for Osteoarthritis, Changsha, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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13
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Harasymowicz NS, Azfer A, Burnett R, Simpson H, Salter DM. Chondrocytes from osteoarthritic cartilage of obese patients show altered adiponectin receptors expression and response to adiponectin. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2333-2339. [PMID: 33484170 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and osteoarthritis (OA) are well-known comorbidities and their precise molecular interactions are still unidentified. Adiponectin, a major adipokine, known to have an anti-inflammatory effect in atherosclerosis or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), has also been postulated to be pro-inflammatory in OA. This dual role of adiponectin is still not explained. The precise mechanism by which adiponectin affects cartilage and chondrocytes remains to be elucidated. In the present observational study chondrocytes from 30 patients with OA (18 females and 12 males) undergoing total knee replacement (TKR) were isolated. Expression of adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2) was examined both at gene and protein levels in chondrocytes. The difference in adiponectin receptor expression between lean and obese patients with OA and the role of adiponectin in regulating pro-inflammatory genes (MCP-1, IL-6, and VCAM-1, MMP-1, MMP-2, and TIMP-1) has been investigated. We found that ADIPOR1 represented the most abundant adiponectin receptor in primary OA chondrocytes. ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 genes and ADIPOR1 protein were differently expressed in OA chondrocytes obtained from obese compared with lean patients with OA. Adiponectin induced gene expression of MCP-1, IL-6, and MMP-1 in all OA patients' chondrocytes. In contrast, VCAM-1 and MMP-2 were differently regulated by adiponectin depending on the patient's body mass index. This study suggests that adiponectin and ADIPOR1 may have important roles in the pathogenesis of cartilage degeneration in OA of obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asim Azfer
- Bone Research Group, Center for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard Burnett
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hamish Simpson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Donald M Salter
- Bone Research Group, Center for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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14
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Vovos TJ, Furman BD, Huebner JL, Kimmerling KA, Utturkar GM, Green CL, Kraus VB, Guilak F, Olson SA. Initial displacement of the intra-articular surface after articular fracture correlates with PTA in C57BL/6 mice but not "superhealer" MRL/MpJ mice. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:1977-1987. [PMID: 33179316 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic arthritis (PTA) occurs commonly after articular fracture and may arise, in part, from joint surface incongruity after injury. MRL/MpJ (MRL) "super-healer" mice are protected from PTA compared to C57BL/6 (B6) mice following articular fracture. However, the relationship between the initial displacement of the articular surface, biologic response, and susceptibility to PTA after fracture remains unclear. The objective of this study was to assess whether joint incongruity after articular fracture, as measured by in vivo micro-computed tomography (microCT), could predict pathomechanisms of PTA in mice. B6 and MRL mice (n = 12/strain) received a closed articular fracture (fx) of the left tibial plateau. Articular incongruity was quantified as bone surface deviations (BSD) for each in vivo microCT scan obtained from pre-fx to 8 weeks post-fx, followed by histologic assessment of arthritis. Serum concentrations of bone formation (PINP) and bone resorption (CTX-I) biomarkers were quantified longitudinally. Both strains showed increases in surface incongruity over time, as measured by increases in BSD. In B6 mice, acute surface incongruity was significantly correlated to the severity of PTA (R 2 = 0.988; p = .0006), but not in MRL mice (R 2 = 0.224; p = .220). PINP concentrations significantly decreased immediately post-fx in B6 mice (p = .023) but not in MRL mice, indicating higher bone synthesis in MRL mice. MRL/MpJ mice demonstrate a unique biologic response to articular fracture such that the observed articular bone surface displacement does not correlate with the severity of subsequent PTA. Clinical Relevance: Identifying therapies to enhance acute biologic repair following articular fracture may mitigate the risk of articular surface displacement for PTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Vovos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bridgette D Furman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Janet L Huebner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelly A Kimmerling
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gangadhar M Utturkar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cynthia L Green
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospital for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Steven A Olson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Luna M, Guss JD, Vasquez-Bolanos LS, Alepuz AJ, Dornevil S, Strong J, Alabi D, Shi Q, Pannellini T, Otero M, Brito IL, van der Meulen MCH, Goldring SR, Hernandez CJ. Obesity and load-induced posttraumatic osteoarthritis in the absence of fracture or surgical trauma. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:1007-1016. [PMID: 32658313 PMCID: PMC7855296 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is increasingly viewed as a heterogeneous disease with multiple phenotypic subgroups. Obesity enhances joint degeneration in mouse models of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Most models of PTOA involve damage to surrounding tissues caused by surgery/fracture; it is unclear if obesity enhances cartilage degeneration in the absence of surgery/fracture. We used a nonsurgical animal model of load-induced PTOA to determine the effect of obesity on cartilage degeneration 2 weeks after loading. Cartilage degeneration was caused by a single bout of cyclic tibial loading at either a high or moderate load magnitude in adult male mice with severe obesity (C57Bl6/J + high-fat diet), mild obesity (toll-like receptor 5 deficient mouse [TLR5KO]), or normal adiposity (C57Bl6/J mice + normal diet and TLR5KO mice in which obesity was prevented by manipulation of the gut microbiome). Two weeks after loading, cartilage degeneration occurred in limbs loaded at a high magnitude, as determined by OARSI scores (P < .001). However, the severity of cartilage damage did not differ among groups. Osteophyte width and synovitis of loaded limbs did not differ among groups. Furthermore, obesity did not enhance cartilage damage in limbs evaluated 6 weeks after loading. Constituents of the gut microbiota differed among groups. Our findings suggest that, in the absence of surgery/fracture, obesity may not influence cartilage loss after a single mechanical insult, suggesting that either damage to surrounding tissues or repeated mechanical insult is necessary for obesity to influence cartilage degeneration. These findings further illustrate heterogeneity in PTOA phenotypes and complex interactions between mechanical/metabolic factors in cartilage loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marysol Luna
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jason D. Guss
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Adrian J. Alepuz
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sophie Dornevil
- College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jasmin Strong
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Denise Alabi
- College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Qiaojuan Shi
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Ilana L. Brito
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marjolein C. H. van der Meulen
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christopher J. Hernandez
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Osteoarthritis is a debilitating disease leading to joint degeneration, inflammation, pain, and disability. Despite efforts to develop a disease modifying treatment, the only accepted and available clinical approaches involve palliation. Although many factors contribute to the development of osteoarthritis, the gut microbiome has recently emerged as an important pathogenic factor in osteoarthritis initiation and progression. This review examines the literature to date regarding the link between the gut microbiome and osteoarthritis.
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17
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Ouhaddi Y, Najar M, Paré F, Lussier B, Urade Y, Benderdour M, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Fahmi H. L-PGDS deficiency accelerated the development of naturally occurring age-related osteoarthritis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24778-24797. [PMID: 33361529 PMCID: PMC7803483 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder among the elderly. It is characterized by progressive cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, subchondral bone remodeling and pain. Lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) is responsible for the biosynthesis of PGD2, which has been implicated in the regulation of inflammation and cartilage biology. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of L-PGDS deficiency on the development of naturally occurring age-related OA in mice. OA-like structural changes were assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and micro–computed tomography. Pain related behaviours were assessed using the von Frey and the open-field assays. L-PGDS deletion promoted cartilage degradation during aging, which was associated with enhanced expression of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes, matrix metalloprotease 13 (MMP-13) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS-5), and their breakdown products, C1,2C, VDIPEN and NITEG. Moreover, L-PGDS deletion enhanced subchondral bone changes, but had no effect on its angiogenesis. Additionally, L-PGDS deletion increased mechanical sensitivity and reduced spontaneous locomotor activity. Finally, we showed that the expression of L-PGDS was elevated in aged mice. Together, these findings indicate an important role for L-PGDS in naturally occurring age-related OA. They also suggest that L-PGDS may constitute a new efficient therapeutic target in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Ouhaddi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mehdi Najar
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Frédéric Paré
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Bertrand Lussier
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinical Science, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Yoshihiro Urade
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Mohamed Benderdour
- Research Centre, Sacré-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
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18
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Surgical Induction of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in the Mouse. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 33197010 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1028-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Given the prevalence and the scope of the personal and societal burden of osteoarthritis (OA), investigators continue to be deeply interested in understanding the pathogenic basis of disease and developing novel disease modifying OA therapies. Because joint trauma/injury is considered a leading predisposing factor in the development of OA, and since posttraumatic OA is one of the most common forms of OA in general, large animal and rodent models of knee injury that accurately recapitulate the OA disease process have become increasingly widespread over the past decade. To enable study in the context of defined genetic backgrounds, investigative teams have developed standardized protocols for injuring the mouse knee that aim to induce a reproducible degenerative process both in terms of severity and temporal pacing of disease progression. The destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) is one of the most commonly employed surgical procedure in rodents that reproducibly models posttraumatic OA and allows for the study of disease progression from initiation to end-stage disease. The description provided here sets the stage for both inexperienced and established investigators to employ the DMM procedure, or other similar surgical destabilization methods, to initiate the development of posttraumatic OA in the mouse. Successful application of this method provides a preclinical platform to study the mechanisms driving the pathogenesis of posttraumatic OA and for testing therapeutic strategies to treat it.
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19
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Song W, Liu Y, Dong X, Song C, Bai Y, Hu P, Li L, Wang T. Lactobacillus M5 prevents osteoarthritis induced by a high-fat diet in mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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20
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Jacobs BY, Allen KD. Factors affecting the reliability of behavioral assessments for rodent osteoarthritis models. Lab Anim 2020; 54:317-329. [PMID: 31431137 PMCID: PMC7830740 DOI: 10.1177/0023677219867715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The translational value of osteoarthritis (OA) models is often debated because numerous studies have shown that animal models frequently fail to predict the efficacy of therapies in humans. In part, this failing may be due to the paucity of preclinical studies that include behavioral assessments in their metrics. Behavioral assessments of animal OA models can provide valuable data on the pain and disability associated with disease-sequelae of significant clinical relevance. Clinical definitions of efficacy for OA therapeutics often center on their palliative effects. Thus, the widespread inclusion of behaviors indicative of pain and disability in preclinical animal studies may contribute to greater success identifying clinically relevant interventions. Unfortunately, studies that include behavioral assays still frequently encounter pitfalls in assay selection, protocol consistency, and data/methods transparency. Targeted selection of behavioral assays, with consideration of the array of clinical OA phenotypes and the limitations of individual behavioral assays, is necessary to identify clinically relevant outcomes in OA animal models appropriately. Furthermore, to facilitate accurate comparisons across research groups and studies, it is necessary to improve the transparency of methods. Finally, establishing agreed-upon and clear definitions of behavioral data will reduce the convolution of data both within and between studies. Improvement in these areas is critical to the continued benefit of preclinical animal studies as translationally relevant data in OA research. As such, this review highlights the current state of behavioral analyses in preclinical OA models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Y Jacobs
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kyle D Allen
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis: Risk Factors, Regulatory Pathways in Chondrocytes, and Experimental Models. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9080194. [PMID: 32751156 PMCID: PMC7464998 DOI: 10.3390/biology9080194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As the most common chronic degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading cause of pain and physical disability, affecting millions of people worldwide. Mainly characterized by articular cartilage degradation, osteophyte formation, subchondral bone remodeling, and synovial inflammation, OA is a heterogeneous disease that impacts all component tissues of the articular joint organ. Pathological changes, and thus symptoms, vary from person to person, underscoring the critical need of personalized therapies. However, there has only been limited progress towards the prevention and treatment of OA, and there are no approved effective disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs). Conventional treatments, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and physical therapy, are still the major remedies to manage the symptoms until the need for total joint replacement. In this review, we provide an update of the known OA risk factors and relevant mechanisms of action. In addition, given that the lack of biologically relevant models to recapitulate human OA pathogenesis represents one of the major roadblocks in developing DMOADs, we discuss current in vivo and in vitro experimental OA models, with special emphasis on recent development and application potential of human cell-derived microphysiological tissue chip platforms.
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Bailey K, Furman B, Zeitlin J, Kimmerling K, Wu CL, Guilak F, Olson S. Intra-articular depletion of macrophages increases acute synovitis and alters macrophage polarity in the injured mouse knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:626-638. [PMID: 32044353 PMCID: PMC8963860 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute synovial inflammation following joint trauma is associated with posttraumatic arthritis. Synovial macrophages have been implicated in degenerative changes. In this study, we sought to elucidate the role of intra-articular macrophages in the acute inflammatory response to fracture in the mouse knee. METHOD A closed articular fracture was induced in two models of synovial macrophage depletion: genetically-modified MaFIA mice administered AP20187 to induce programmed macrophage apoptosis, and wild-type C57BL/6 mice administered clodronate liposomes, both via intra-articular injection. Synovial inflammation, bone morphology, and levels of F4/80+ macrophages, NOS2+ M1 macrophages, and CD206+ M2 macrophages were quantified 7 days after fracture using histology and micro-computed tomography. RESULTS Intra-articular macrophage depletion with joint injury did not reduce acute synovitis or the number of synovial macrophages 7 days after fracture in either macrophage-depleted MaFIA mice or in clodronate-treated C57BL/6 mice. In macrophage-depleted MaFIA mice, macrophage polarity shifted to a dominance of M1 macrophages and a reduction of M2 macrophages in the synovial stroma, indicating a shift in M1/M2 macrophage ratio in the joint following injury. Interestingly, MaFIA mice depleted 2 days prior to fracture demonstrated increased synovitis (P = 0.003), reduced bone mineral density (P = 0.0004), higher levels of M1 macrophages (P = 0.013), and lower levels of M2 macrophages (not statistically significant, P=0.084) compared to control-treated MaFIA mice. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that macrophages play a critical immunomodulatory role in the acute inflammatory response surrounding joint injury and suggest that inhibition of macrophage function can have prominent effects on joint inflammation and bone homeostasis after joint trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.N. Bailey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - B.D. Furman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - J. Zeitlin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - K.A. Kimmerling
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - C.-L. Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA, Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - F. Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA, Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - S.A. Olson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: S.A. Olson, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3389, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. Tel.: (919) 668 3000; fax: (919) 668 2933. (S.A. Olson)
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23
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Harasymowicz NS, Choi YR, Wu CL, Iannucci L, Tang R, Guilak F. Intergenerational Transmission of Diet-Induced Obesity, Metabolic Imbalance, and Osteoarthritis in Mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:632-644. [PMID: 31646754 DOI: 10.1002/art.41147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and osteoarthritis (OA) are 2 major public health issues affecting millions of people worldwide. Whereas parental obesity affects the predisposition to diseases such as cancer or diabetes in children, transgenerational influences on musculoskeletal conditions such as OA are poorly understood. This study was undertaken to assess the intergenerational effects of a parental/grandparental high-fat diet on the metabolic and skeletal phenotype, systemic inflammation, and predisposition to OA in 2 generations of offspring in mice. METHODS Metabolic phenotype and predisposition to OA were investigated in the first and second (F1 and F2) generations of offspring (n = 10-16 mice per sex per diet) bred from mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a low-fat control diet. OA was induced by destabilizing the medial meniscus. OA, synovitis, and adipose tissue inflammation were determined histologically, while bone changes were measured using micro-computed tomography. Serum and synovial cytokines were measured by multiplex assay. RESULTS Parental high-fat feeding showed an intergenerational effect, with inheritance of increased weight gain (up to 19% in the F1 generation and 9% in F2), metabolic imbalance, and injury-induced OA in at least 2 generations of mice, despite the fact that the offspring were fed the low-fat diet. Strikingly, both F1 and F2 female mice showed an increased predisposition to injury-induced OA (48% higher predisposition in F1 and 19% in F2 female mice fed the HFD) and developed bone microarchitectural changes that were attributable to parental and grandparental high-fat feeding. CONCLUSION The results of this study reveal a detrimental effect of parental HFD and obesity on the musculoskeletal integrity of 2 generations of offspring, indicating the importance of further investigation of these effects. An improved understanding of the mechanisms involved in the transmissibility of diet-induced changes through multiple generations may help in the development of future therapies that would target the effects of obesity on OA and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Harasymowicz
- Washington University in St. Louis and Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yun-Rak Choi
- Washington University in St. Louis and Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri, and Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Washington University in St. Louis and Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Leanne Iannucci
- Washington University in St. Louis and Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ruhang Tang
- Washington University in St. Louis and Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Washington University in St. Louis and Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri
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24
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Collins KH, MacDonald GZ, Hart DA, Seerattan RA, Rios JL, Reimer RA, Herzog W. Impact of age on host responses to diet-induced obesity: Development of joint damage and metabolic set points. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:132-139. [PMID: 32099721 PMCID: PMC7031772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of pain and disability worldwide, and a large percentage of patients with osteoarthritis are individuals who are also obese. In recent years, a series of animal models have demonstrated that obesity-inducing diets can result in synovial joint damage (both with and without the superimposition of trauma), which may be related to changes in percentage of body fat and a series of low-level systemic inflammatory mediators. Of note, there is a disparity between whether the dietary challenges commence at weaning, representing a weanling onset, or at skeletal maturity, representing an adult onset of obesity. We wished to evaluate the effect of the dietary exposure time and the age at which animals are exposed to a high-fat and high-sucrose (HFS) diet to determine whether these factors may result in disparate outcomes, as there is evidence suggesting that these factors result in differential metabolic disturbances. Based on dietary exposure time, we hypothesized that rats fed an HFS diet for 14 weeks from weaning (HFS Weanling) would demonstrate an increase in knee joint damage scores, whereas rats exposed to the HFS diet for 4 weeks, starting at 12 weeks of age (HFS Adult) and rats exposed to a standard chow diet (Chow) would not display an increase in knee joint damage scores. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either an HFS diet for 14 weeks from weaning (HFS Weanling) or an HFS diet for 4 weeks, starting at 12 weeks of age (HFS Adult). At sacrifice, joints were scored using the modified Mankin Criteria, and serum was analyzed for a defined subset of inflammatory markers (Interleukin-6, leptin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor α). RESULTS When the HFS Weanling and HFS Adult groups were compared, both groups had a similar percent of body fat, although the HFS Weanling group had a significantly greater body mass than the HFS Adult group. The HFS Weanling and HFS Adult animals had a significant increase in body mass and percentage of body fat when compared to the Chow group. Although knee joint damage scores were low in all 3 groups, we found, contrary to our hypothesis, that the HFS Adult group had statistically significant greater knee joint damage scores than the Chow and HFS Weanling groups. Furthermore, we observed that the HFS Weanling group did not have significant differences in knee joint damage scores relative to the Chow group. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the HFS Weanling animals were better able to cope with the dietary challenge of an HFS diet than the HFS Adult group. Interestingly, when assessing various serum proinflammatory markers, no significant differences were detected between the HFS Adult and HFS Weanling groups. Although details regarding the mechanisms underlying an increase in knee joint damage scores in the HFS Adult group remain to be elucidated, these findings indicate that dietary exposure time maybe less important than the age at which an HFS diet is introduced. Moreover, increases in serum proinflammatory mediators do not appear to be directly linked to knee joint damage scores in the HFS Weanling group animals but may be partially responsible for the observed knee joint damage in the adults over the very short time of exposure to the HFS diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey H Collins
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Graham Z MacDonald
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - David A Hart
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Bone & Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5E 4E3, Canada
| | - Ruth A Seerattan
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jaqueline L Rios
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Gao YH, Zhao CW, Liu B, Dong N, Ding L, Li YR, Liu JG, Feng W, Qi X, Jin XH. An update on the association between metabolic syndrome and osteoarthritis and on the potential role of leptin in osteoarthritis. Cytokine 2020; 129:155043. [PMID: 32078923 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been associated with osteoarthritis (OA). Leptin, which is one of the markers of MetS, has been associated with OA pathophysiology. This study aimed to provide an update on the association between MetS and OA and on the potential role of leptin in OA. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of the association between MetS and OA and updated the evidence on the potential role of leptin in OA. Clinical studies have investigated the epidemiologic association between MetS or its components and OA. Results suggested strong epidemiologic associations between MetS and OA, especially in the Asian population. Animal studies also indicated that metabolic dysregulation may lead to OA pathogenesis. The systemic role of MetS in OA pathophysiology is associated with obesity-related inflammation, the beneficial role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and deleterious role of cholesterol, physical inactivity, hypertension-induced subchondral ischemia, dyslipidemia-induced ectopic lipid deposition in chondrocytes, hyperglycemia-induced local effects of oxidative stress and advanced glycation end-products, low-grade systemic inflammation, and obesity-related adipokines by inducing the expression of proinflammtory factors. Leptin levels in serum/plasma and synovial fluid were associated with joint pain, radiographic progression, bone formation biomarkers, cartilage volume, knee OA incidence, and total joint arthroplasty in OA patients. Elevated leptin expression and increased effect of leptin on infrapatellar fat pad, synovium, articular cartilage, and bone were also involved in the pathogenesis of OA. Current knowledge indicates a convincing epidemiologic association between MetS and OA, especially in the Asian population. Animal studies have also shown that metabolic dysregulation may lead to OA pathogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that leptin may play a potential role in OA pathogenesis. Therefore, leptin and its receptor may be an emerging target for intervention in metabolic-associated OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Cheng-Wu Zhao
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ning Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ye-Ran Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Jian-Guo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Xian-Hua Jin
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
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Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Pathogenesis of Arthritis Pain Using Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020533. [PMID: 31947680 PMCID: PMC7013391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthritis, including osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is the leading cause of years lived with disability (YLD) worldwide. Although pain is the cardinal symptom of arthritis, which is directly related to function and quality of life, the elucidation of the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of pain in arthritis has lagged behind other areas, such as inflammation control and regulation of autoimmunity. The lack of therapeutics for optimal pain management is partially responsible for the current epidemic of opioid and narcotic abuse. Recent advances in animal experimentation and molecular biology have led to significant progress in our understanding of arthritis pain. Despite the inherent problems in the extrapolation of data gained from animal pain studies to arthritis in human patients, the critical assessment of molecular mediators and translational studies would help to define the relevance of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of arthritis pain. This review discusses biological and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of arthritis pain determined in animal models of OA and RA, along with the methodologies used.
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27
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Sansone V, Applefield RC, De Luca P, Pecoraro V, Gianola S, Pascale W, Pascale V. Does a high-fat diet affect the development and progression of osteoarthritis in mice?: A systematic review. Bone Joint Res 2020; 8:582-592. [PMID: 31934329 PMCID: PMC6946912 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.812.bjr-2019-0038.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature for evidence of the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the onset or progression of osteoarthritis (OA) in mice. Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus to find all studies on mice investigating the effects of HFD or Western-type diet on OA when compared with a control diet (CD). The primary outcome was the determination of cartilage loss and alteration. Secondary outcomes regarding local and systemic levels of proteins involved in inflammatory processes or cartilage metabolism were also examined when reported. Results In total, 14 publications met our inclusion criteria and were included in our review. Our meta-analysis showed that, when measured by the modified Mankin Histological-Histochemical Grading System, there was a significantly higher rate of OA in mice fed a HFD than in mice on a CD (standardized mean difference (SMD) 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63 to 1.91). Using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score, there was a trend towards HFD causing OA (SMD 0.78, 95% CI -0.04 to 1.61). In terms of OA progression, a HFD consistently worsened the progression of surgically induced OA when compared with a CD. Finally, numerous inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and leptin, among others, were found to be altered by a HFD. Conclusion A HFD seems to induce or exacerbate the progression of OA in mice. The metabolic changes and systemic inflammation brought about by a HFD appear to be key players in the onset and progression of OA. Cite this article:Bone Joint Res 2019;8:582–592.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Sansone
- Department of Orthopaedics, Universitá degli Studi di Milano and IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Valentina Pecoraro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ospedale Civile Sant'Agostino Estense di Baggiovra, Baggiovara, Italy
| | | | | | - Valerio Pascale
- Department of Orthopaedics, Universitá degli Studi di Milano and IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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Dickson BM, Roelofs AJ, Rochford JJ, Wilson HM, De Bari C. The burden of metabolic syndrome on osteoarthritic joints. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:289. [PMID: 31842972 PMCID: PMC6915944 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-2081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) increases with obesity, with up to two thirds of the elderly obese population affected by OA of the knee. The metabolic syndrome (MetS), frequently associated with central obesity and characterised by elevated waist circumference, raised fasting plasma glucose concentration, raised triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoproteins, and/or hypertension, is implicated in the pathogenesis of OA. This narrative review discusses the mechanisms involved in the influence of MetS on OA, with a focus on the effects on macrophages and chondrocytes. Main text A skewing of macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype within synovial and adipose tissues is thought to play a role in OA pathogenesis. The metabolic perturbations typical of MetS are important drivers of pro-inflammatory macrophage polarisation and activity. This is mediated via alterations in the levels and activities of the cellular nutrient sensors 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), intracellular accumulation of metabolic intermediates such as succinate and citrate, and increases in free fatty acids (FFAs) and hyperglycaemia-induced advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) that bind to receptors on the macrophage surface. Altered levels of adipokines, including leptin and adiponectin, further influence macrophage polarisation. The metabolic alterations in MetS also affect the cartilage through direct effects on chondrocytes by stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory and catabolic factors and possibly by suppressing autophagy and promoting cellular senescence. Conclusions The influence of MetS on OA pathogenesis involves a wide range of metabolic alterations that directly affect macrophages and chondrocytes. The relative burden of intra-articular versus systemic adipose tissue in the MetS-associated OA remains to be clarified. Understanding how altered metabolism interacts with joints affected by OA is crucial for the development of further strategies for treating this debilitating condition, such as supplementing existing therapies with metformin and utilising ω-3 fatty acid derivatives to restore imbalances in ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce M Dickson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Anke J Roelofs
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Heather M Wilson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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29
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Frommer KW, Hasseli R, Schäffler A, Lange U, Rehart S, Steinmeyer J, Rickert M, Sarter K, Zaiss MM, Culmsee C, Ganjam G, Michels S, Müller-Ladner U, Neumann E. Free Fatty Acids in Bone Pathophysiology of Rheumatic Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2757. [PMID: 31849953 PMCID: PMC6901602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity—in which free fatty acid (FFA) levels are chronically elevated—is a known risk factor for different rheumatic diseases, and obese patients are more likely to develop osteoarthritis (OA) also in non-weight-bearing joints. These findings suggest that FFA may also play a role in inflammation-related joint damage and bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and OA. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze if and how FFA influence cells of bone metabolism in rheumatic diseases. When stimulated with FFA, osteoblasts from RA and OA patients secreted higher amounts of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and the chemokines IL-8, growth-related oncogene α, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin, and osteoblast differentiation markers were not influenced by FFA. Mineralization activity of osteoblasts correlated inversely with the level of FFA-induced IL-6 secretion. Expression of the Wnt signaling molecules, axin-2 and β-catenin, was not changed by palmitic acid (PA) or linoleic acid (LA), suggesting no involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway in FFA signaling for osteoblasts. On the other hand, Toll-like receptor 4 blockade significantly reduced PA-induced IL-8 secretion by osteoblasts, while blocking Toll-like receptor 2 had no effect. In osteoclasts, IL-8 secretion was enhanced by PA and LA particularly at the earliest time point of differentiation. Differences were observed between the responses of RA and OA osteoclasts. FFA might therefore represent a new molecular factor by which adipose tissue contributes to subchondral bone damage in RA and OA. In this context, their mechanisms of action appear to be dependent on inflammation and innate immune system rather than Wnt-RANKL pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus W Frommer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hasseli
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Uwe Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Rehart
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jürgen Steinmeyer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Rickert
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Sarter
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario M Zaiss
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Universities of Marburg and Gießen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Goutham Ganjam
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Universities of Marburg and Gießen, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Michels
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Universities of Marburg and Gießen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Müller-Ladner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Elena Neumann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Giessen, Germany
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Blaker CL, Clarke EC, Little CB. Adding insult to injury: synergistic effect of combining risk-factors in models of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1731-1734. [PMID: 31276817 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C L Blaker
- Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - E C Clarke
- Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - C B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Royal North Shore Hospital, Kolling Institute and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
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31
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Huang G, Guan T, Wang P, Qin S. Anti-arthritic Effect of Baicalein Exert on Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced Arthritis in Rats by Reducing the Inflammatory Reaction. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.880.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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Berenbaum F, Griffin TM, Liu-Bryan R. Review: Metabolic Regulation of Inflammation in Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 69:9-21. [PMID: 27564539 DOI: 10.1002/art.39842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Berenbaum
- Sorbonnes Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM, AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, DHU i2B, Paris, France
| | - Timothy M Griffin
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Ru Liu-Bryan
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego
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Votava L, Schwartz AG, Harasymowicz NS, Wu CL, Guilak F. Effects of dietary fatty acid content on humeral cartilage and bone structure in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:779-788. [PMID: 30644575 PMCID: PMC6662729 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a primary risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA), and previous studies have shown that dietary content may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cartilage and bone in knee OA. Several previous studies have shown that the ratio of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), ω-6 PUFAs, and saturated fatty acids can significantly influence bone structure and OA progression. However, the influence of obesity or dietary fatty acid content on shoulder OA is not well understood. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of dietary fatty acid content on bone and cartilage structure in the mouse shoulder in a model of diet-induced obesity. For 24 weeks, mice were fed control or high-fat diets supplemented with ω-3 PUFAs, ω-6 PUFAs, or saturated fatty acids. The humeral heads were analyzed for bone morphometry and mineral density by microCT. Cartilage structure and joint synovitis were determined by histological grading, and microscale mechanical properties of the cartilage extracellular and pericellular matrices were quantified using atomic force microscopy. Diet-induced obesity significantly altered bone morphology and mineral density in a manner that was dependent on dietary free fatty acid content. In general, high-fat diet groups showed decreased bone quality, with the ω-3 diet being partially protective. Cartilage mechanical properties and OA scores showed no changes with obesity or diet. These findings are consistent with clinical literature showing little if any relationship between obesity and shoulder OA (unlike knee OA), but suggest that diet-induced obesity may influence other joint tissues. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Votava
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110,Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis MO 63110,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Andrea G. Schwartz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110,Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis MO 63110
| | - Natalia S. Harasymowicz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110,Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis MO 63110
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110,Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis MO 63110
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110,Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis MO 63110,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110
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34
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Sun AR, Wu X, Liu B, Chen Y, Armitage CW, Kollipara A, Crawford R, Beagley KW, Mao X, Xiao Y, Prasadam I. Pro-resolving lipid mediator ameliorates obesity induced osteoarthritis by regulating synovial macrophage polarisation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:426. [PMID: 30674985 PMCID: PMC6344566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36909-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-resolved persistent macrophage-mediated synovial inflammation is considered as one of the main drivers of both the establishment and progression of obesity-associated osteoarthritis (OA). Herein, we used clodronate-loaded liposomes (CL) to locally deplete macrophages in the synovial joints to examine the role of macrophages in the progression of obesity-induced OA. Furthermore, resolvin D1 (RvD1), a unique family of pro-resolving lipid mediator derived from the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, have shown marked potency in changing the pro-inflammatory behaviour of the macrophages. We sought to determine whether RvD1 administration ameliorates obesity-induced OA by resolving macrophage-mediated synovitis. Therapeutic properties of RvD1 and macrophage depletion (CL) were tested for its ability to slow post-traumatic OA (PTOA) in obese mice models. PTOA was induced in C57Bl/6 mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD) by surgically destabilising the meniscus. Firstly, CL treatment showed beneficial effects in reducing synovitis and cartilage destruction in obese mice with PTOA. In vitro treatment with RvD1 decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory markers in CD14+ human macrophages. Furthermore, intra-articular treatment with RvD1 diminishes the progression of OA in the knee joint from mice as follows: (a) decreases macrophages infiltration in synovium, (b) reduces the number of pro-inflammatory macrophages in synovium and (c) improves the severity of synovitis and cartilage degradation. Thus, our results provide new evidence for the potential targeting of macrophages in the treatment of obesity-induced OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Rujia Sun
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia
| | - Xiaoxin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bohao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Charles W Armitage
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Avinash Kollipara
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Ross Crawford
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia.,The Prince Charles Hospital, Orthopedic Department, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kenneth W Beagley
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xinzhan Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia.,Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Indira Prasadam
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia. .,Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Harasymowicz NS, Dicks A, Wu CL, Guilak F. Physiologic and pathologic effects of dietary free fatty acids on cells of the joint. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1440:36-53. [PMID: 30648276 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are potent organic compounds that not only can be used as an energy source during nutrient deprivation but are also involved in several essential signaling cascades in cells. Therefore, a balanced intake of different dietary FAs is critical for the maintenance of cellular functions and tissue homeostasis. A diet with an imbalanced fat composition creates a risk for developing metabolic syndrome and various musculoskeletal diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge and mechanistic insights regarding the role of dietary FAs, such as saturated FAs, omega-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), and omega-3 PUFAs on joint inflammation and OA pathogeneses. In particular, we review how different types of dietary FAs and their derivatives distinctly affect a variety of cells within the joint, including chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and synoviocytes. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of FAs on metabolic behavior, anabolic, and catabolic processes, as well as the inflammatory response of joint cells, may help identify therapeutic targets for the prevention of metabolic joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Harasymowicz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Amanda Dicks
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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36
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The effects of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and the gut microbiome on load-induced osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:129-139. [PMID: 30240938 PMCID: PMC6309743 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome is characterized by obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Metabolic syndrome is associated with osteoarthritis (OA), but it is unclear if the association is attributable to increased mechanical loading on joints caused by obesity or other aspects of metabolic syndrome. Here we examined the effects of altered metabolism, obesity, and the gut microbiome on load-induced OA. DESIGN Cartilage damage was induced through cyclic compressive loading in four groups of adult male mice: Toll-like receptor-5 deficient (TLR5KO) mice that develop metabolic syndrome due to alterations in the gut microbiome, TLR5KO mice submitted to chronic antibiotics to prevent metabolic syndrome (TLR5KOΔMicrobiota), C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet to cause obesity (HFD), and untreated C57BL/6J mice (WT). Loading was applied for 2 weeks (n = 10-11/group) or 6 weeks (n = 10-11/group). RESULTS After 2 weeks of loading, cartilage damage (OARSI score) was not different among groups. After 6 weeks of loading, HFD mice had increased load-induced cartilage damage, while TLR5KO mice had cartilage damage comparable to WT mice. TLR5KOΔMicrobiota mice had less cartilage damage than other groups. HFD mice had elevated serum inflammatory markers. Each group had a distinct gut microbiome composition. CONCLUSIONS Severe obesity increased load-induced cartilage damage, while milder changes in adiposity/metabolic syndrome seen in TLR5KO mice did not. Furthermore, the effects of systemic inflammation/obesity on cartilage damage depend on the duration of mechanical loading. Lastly, reduced cartilage damage in the TLR5KOΔMicrobiota mice suggests that the gut microbiome may influence cartilage pathology.
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Ernest TL, Kondrashov PE. The role of excessive body weight and meniscal instability in the progression of osteoarthritis in a rat model. Knee 2018; 25:1151-1156. [PMID: 30115587 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective of the study was to determine if excessive body weight and meniscal destabilization cause knee articular cartilage damage and changes in meniscal histology indicative of knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Forty female Lewis rats were randomly assigned to regular diet sham surgery, regular diet medial meniscus destabilization (DMM) surgery, high-fat diet sham surgery, or high-fat diet DMM surgery. Surgical intervention occurred four weeks after diet initiation. Rats were sacrificed four weeks post-surgery. Progression of OA was evaluated in femoral condyles and tibial plateaus using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring system by two blinded scorers. Ossification of menisci was evaluated with digitized histological slides using a grid. RESULTS DMM surgery had greater OARSI scores than sham surgery for all knee surfaces in both diet groups (all P < 0.004). The high-fat diet sham surgery group had greater OARSI scores than the regular diet sham surgery group on all knee surfaces (all P < 0.02). Histological evaluation showed the lateral meniscus had more bone than the medial meniscus, but there was no relationship between diet or surgery groups and amount of bone in the meniscus. CONCLUSIONS Results suggested excessive body weight may contribute to spontaneous onset of OA and emphasized the importance of preventative care in those at risk of developing OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor L Ernest
- Department of Anatomy, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, 800 W. Jefferson St., Kirksville, MO 63501, USA.
| | - Peter E Kondrashov
- Department of Anatomy, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, 800 W. Jefferson St., Kirksville, MO 63501, USA.
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38
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Collins KH, Sharif B, Reimer RA, Sanmartin C, Herzog W, Chin R, Marshall DA. Association of Metabolic Markers with self-reported osteoarthritis among middle-aged BMI-defined non-obese individuals: a cross-sectional study. BMC OBESITY 2018; 5:23. [PMID: 30186613 PMCID: PMC6120068 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-018-0201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease. While it is well-established that obesity affects OA through increased axial loading on the joint cartilage, the indirect effect of obesity through metabolic processes among the body mass index (BMI)-defined non-obese population, i.e., BMI < 30 kg/m2, is less known. Our goal was to evaluate the association of metabolic markers including body fat percentage (BF%), waist circumference, maximum weight gain during adulthood and serum creatinine with self-reported OA to establish if such measures offer additional information over BMI among the non-obese population between 40 and 65 years of age. METHODS Cross-sectional data from two cycles of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) in 2007-2009 and 2009-2011 were analyzed. Sex-specific logistic regression models were developed to evaluate the association of self-reported OA with metabolic markers. Models were separately adjusted for age, BMI categories and serum creatinine, and a stratified analysis across BM categories was performed. In a secondary analysis, we evaluated the association of self-reported OA, cardiovascular diseases and hypertension across BF% categories. RESULTS Of 2462 individuals, 217 (8.8%) self-reported OA. After adjusting for age and BMI, those within BF%-defined overweight/obese category had 2.67 (95% CI: 1.32-3.51) and 2.11(95% CI: 1.38-3.21) times higher odds of reporting self-reported OA compared to those within BF%-defined athletic/acceptable category for females and males, respectively. BF% was also significantly associated with self-reported OA after adjusting for age and serum creatinine only among females (OR: 1.47, 95%CI: 1.12-1.84). Furthermore, among the BMI-defined overweight group, the age-adjusted odds of self-reported OA was significantly higher for overweight/obese BF% compared to athletic/acceptable BF% in both females and males. In a secondary analysis, we showed that the association of self-reported OA and hypertension/cardiovascular diseases is significantly higher among BF% overweight/obese (OR: 1.37, 95%CI: 1.19-3.09) compared to BF% athletic/acceptable (OR: 1.13, 95%CI: 0.87-2.82). CONCLUSION Our results provide corroborating evidence for a relationship between body fat and OA in a population-based study, while no significant independent correlates were found between other metabolic markers and OA prevalence. Future investigation on the longitudinal relationship between BF and OA among this sub-population may inform targeted prevention opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey H. Collins
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Behnam Sharif
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6 Canada
| | - Raylene A. Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | | | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Rick Chin
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Deborah A. Marshall
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6 Canada
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Effect of Fucoidan on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Medial Meniscectomy Induced Osteoarthritis in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060686. [PMID: 29843440 PMCID: PMC6024650 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) has become one of the most common disabilities among elders, especially in females. Obesity and mechanical injuries caused by OA are attributed to joint loading, cartilage disintegration, and bone loss, as well as inflammation. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments can be used for OA. Fucoidan possesses several bioactivities such as antitumor, antiviral, anticoagulation, anti-obesity, and immunomodulation. This study aims to investigate the effect of fucoidan in surgery-induced OA on rats with diet-induced obesity. OA was induced by an anterior cruciate ligament transection and a partial medial meniscectomy (ACLT + MMx). The male SD rats were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks to induce obesity before causing ACLT + MMx to induce OA. The OA rats were administered with intragastric water or fucoidan in three different concentrations (32 mg/kg, 64 mg/kg, and 320 mg/kg) after the surgeries for 40 days with an HFD. We observed that the swelling in the knee joint was alleviated and the hind paw weight distribution was rectified after feeding them with fucoidan and that there was no significant effect on the weight gain and feed intake. Fucoidan administration indicated no significant variation on the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-Cholesterol level, but it did indicate reduced plasma triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-Cholesterol levels. In addition, the weight-bearing tests showed an improvement in the fucoidan-treated group. Our results suggested that fucoidan may improve meniscal/ligamentous injury and obesity-induced OA.
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40
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de Visser HM, Mastbergen SC, Kozijn AE, Coeleveld K, Pouran B, van Rijen MH, Lafeber FPJG, Weinans H. Metabolic dysregulation accelerates injury-induced joint degeneration, driven by local inflammation; an in vivo rat study. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:881-890. [PMID: 28840952 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is growing for the existence of an obesity-related phenotype of osteoarthritis in which low-grade inflammation and a disturbed metabolic profile play a role. The contribution of an obesity-induced metabolic dysbalance to the progression of the features of osteoarthritis upon mechanically induced cartilage damage was studied in a rat in vivo model. Forty Wistar rats were randomly allocated 1:1 to a standard diet or a high-fat diet. After 12 weeks, in 14 out of 20 rats in each group, cartilage was mechanically damaged in the right knee joint. The remaining six animals in each group served as controls. After a subsequent 12 weeks, serum was collected for metabolic state, subchondral bone changes assessed by μCT imaging, osteoarthritis severity determined by histology, and macrophage presence assessed by CD68 staining. The high-fat diet increased statistically all relevant metabolic parameters, resulting in a dysmetabolic state and subsequent synovial inflammation, whereas cartilage degeneration was hardly influenced. The high-fat condition in combination with mechanical cartilage damage resulted in a clear statistically significant progression of the osteoarthritic features, with increased synovitis and multiple large osteophytes. Both the synovium and osteophytes contained numerous CD68 positive cells. It is concluded that a metabolic dysbalance due to a high-fat diet increases joint inflammation without cartilage degeneration. The dysmetabolic state clearly accelerates progression of osteoarthritis upon surgically induced cartilage damage supported by inflammatory responses as demonstrated by histology and increased CD68 expressing cells localized on the synovial membrane and osteophytes. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:881-890, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huub M de Visser
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, F.02.127, 3508 GA, Utrecht, 85500, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simon C Mastbergen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne E Kozijn
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, F.02.127, 3508 GA, Utrecht, 85500, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Coeleveld
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Behdad Pouran
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, F.02.127, 3508 GA, Utrecht, 85500, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mattie H van Rijen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, F.02.127, 3508 GA, Utrecht, 85500, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P J G Lafeber
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, F.02.127, 3508 GA, Utrecht, 85500, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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41
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Urban H, Little CB. The role of fat and inflammation in the pathogenesis and management of osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57:iv10-iv21. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hema Urban
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Labs, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Rheumatology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher B Little
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Labs, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Changes in the constituents and activity of the microbiome have been associated with a number of conditions linked to bone and joint disease. This review concentrates on ways in which the microbiome is known to influence osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. RECENT FINDINGS Animal studies have demonstrated that changes in the microbiome can mediate the effects of obesity on cartilage degeneration. Additionally, the microbiome influences the amount of the bone (bone quantity), as well as bone tissue material properties (bone quality). Early clinical findings support the effects of the microbiome on osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Although animal studies implicate the microbiome in the development of bone and joint disease, available results are limited and can be conflicting. Further investigation of the mechanisms linking from changes in the microbiome to alterations in the bones and joints are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Hernandez
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. .,Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. .,Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
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43
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Lentiviral vector-mediated shRNAs targeting a functional isoform of the leptin receptor (Ob-Rb) inhibit cartilage degeneration in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1912-1921. [PMID: 28823646 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To downregulate the expression of leptin receptor functional isoform (Ob-Rb) on chondrocytes using lentiviral vector-mediated short-hairpin RNA (LV-shRNA) and to determine its effects on cartilage degeneration. METHOD In vitro, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were performed to select an optimal Ob-Rb LV-shRNA (LV-shRNA3) and to determine its effects on nine OA-related mediators in cultured rat chondrocytes. In vivo, an OA model was surgically induced in the right knees of rats, and LV-shRNA3, lentiviral vector-mediated non-targeting control sequence (LV-NTC) or phosphate buffered saline was injected into the joints. Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring was performed to assess cartilage degeneration, and immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate OA-related mediator expression in the above groups. RESULTS Ob-Rb expression was significantly downregulated by LV-shRNA3 in cultured chondrocytes. In conjunction with Ob-Rb downregulation, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and catabolic mediators (ADAMTS-5, MMP-9, NOS-2 and COX-2) were also significantly decreased, and the expression levels of anabolic type II collagen were significantly increased. The in vivo study results showed that OARSI scores were significantly decreased by LV-shRNA3. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that Ob-Rb expression levels on chondrocytes were significantly downregulated by LV-shRNA3. In conjunction with Ob-Rb downregulation, ADAMTS-5 and MMP-9 expression levels were also significantly decreased, and type II collagen expression levels were increased. CONCLUSION These results indicate that LV-shRNA3-mediated Ob-Rb downregulation on chondrocytes inhibits cartilage degeneration in a rat model of OA, suggesting that Ob-Rb may be a novel target in the treatment of OA.
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Adams SB, Reilly RM, Huebner JL, Kraus VB, Nettles DL. Time-Dependent Effects on Synovial Fluid Composition During the Acute Phase of Human Intra-articular Ankle Fracture. Foot Ankle Int 2017; 38:1055-1063. [PMID: 28891711 DOI: 10.1177/1071100717728234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study objective was to examine the effect of time and fracture severity on the undiluted synovial fluid (SF) microenvironment during the acute phase following intra-articular fracture (IAF) of the human ankle. METHODS Ankle SF from 54 patients with an acute IAF was analyzed for concentrations of 10 cytokines, 5 matrix metalloproteinases, 2 products of cartilage catabolism, and combined products of heme metabolism. All analytes were correlated with time from fracture and further analyzed for an effect of 3 time subgroups (0-2 days, 3-9 days, and ≥10 days) corresponding to timepoints for clinical ankle fracture interventions. The effect of fracture severity was determined by grouping SF according to the number of radiographic intra-articular fracture lines. RESULTS Fifteen of 18 analytes were significantly correlated with time. Temporal grouping of SF revealed an initial (0-2 days) spike of pro-inflammatory (IL-12p70, IL-1β, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and IL-4) cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) MMP-9, and sGAG, followed immediately (3-9 days) by products of heme metabolism and an unchallenged surge in mediators and products of cartilage catabolism (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-10, and CTX-II). After 10 days, there was a decrease in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines but a persistence of mediators of ECM catabolism. There was no clear relationship between the number of fracture lines and SF levels of analytes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated acute temporal fluctuations following ankle IAF resulting in an overall catabolic environment by 10 days post-fracture and supports consideration of an early evacuation of the joint space to reduce the intra-articular inflammatory burden. Clinical Relavence: This study contributes to the understanding of the intra-articular events that potentially contribute to the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis acutely following IAF in the ankle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janet L Huebner
- 1 Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,3 Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- 1 Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,2 Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,3 Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
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45
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Wu CL, McNeill J, Goon K, Little D, Kimmerling K, Huebner J, Kraus V, Guilak F. Conditional Macrophage Depletion Increases Inflammation and Does Not Inhibit the Development of Osteoarthritis in Obese Macrophage Fas-Induced Apoptosis-Transgenic Mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:1772-1783. [PMID: 28544542 PMCID: PMC5611814 DOI: 10.1002/art.40161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether short-term, systemic depletion of macrophages can mitigate osteoarthritis (OA) following injury in the setting of obesity. METHODS CSF-1R-GFP+ macrophage Fas-induced apoptosis (MaFIA)-transgenic mice that allow conditional depletion of macrophages were placed on a high-fat diet and underwent surgery to induce knee OA. A small molecule (AP20187) was administrated to deplete macrophages in MaFIA mice. The effects of macrophage depletion on acute joint inflammation, OA severity, and arthritic bone changes were evaluated using histology and micro-computed tomography. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to identify various immune cells. The levels of serum and synovial fluid cytokines were also measured. RESULTS Macrophage-depleted mice had significantly fewer M1 and M2 macrophages in the surgically operated joints relative to controls and exhibited decreased osteophyte formation immediately following depletion. Surprisingly, macrophage depletion did not attenuate the severity of OA in obese mice; instead, it induced systemic inflammation and led to a massive infiltration of CD3+ T cells and particularly neutrophils, but not B cells, into the injured joints. Macrophage-depleted mice also demonstrated a markedly increased number of proinflammatory cytokines including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor in both serum and joint synovial fluid, although the mice showed a trend toward decreased levels of insulin and leptin in serum after macrophage depletion. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that macrophages are vital for modulating homeostasis of immune cells in the setting of obesity and suggest that more targeted approaches of depleting specific macrophage subtypes may be necessary to mitigate inflammation and OA in the setting of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis MO, 63110
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis MO, 63110
| | - Jenna McNeill
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis MO, 63110
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis MO, 63110
| | - Kelsey Goon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis MO, 63110
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis MO, 63110
| | - Dianne Little
- Departments of Basic Medical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907
| | - Kelly Kimmerling
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis MO, 63110
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis MO, 63110
| | - Janet Huebner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27701
| | - Virginia Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27701
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27701
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis MO, 63110
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis MO, 63110
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46
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Palmieri-Smith RM, Cameron KL, DiStefano LJ, Driban JB, Pietrosimone B, Thomas AC, Tourville TW, Consortium ATO. The Role of Athletic Trainers in Preventing and Managing Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in Physically Active Populations: a Consensus Statement of the Athletic Trainers' Osteoarthritis Consortium. J Athl Train 2017; 52:610-623. [PMID: 28653866 PMCID: PMC5488853 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-52.2.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide athletic trainers with a fundamental understanding of the pathogenesis and risk factors associated with the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) as well as the best current recommendations for preventing and managing this condition. BACKGROUND Posttraumatic osteoarthritis, or osteoarthritis that develops secondary to joint injury, accounts for approximately 5.5 million US cases annually. A young athlete with a joint injury is at high risk for PTOA before the age of 40, which could lead to the patient living more than half of his or her life with a painful and disabling disorder. Given our frequent contact with physically active people who often sustain traumatic joint injuries, athletic trainers are in a unique position to help prevent and manage PTOA. We can, therefore, regularly monitor joint health in at-risk patients and implement early therapies as necessary. RECOMMENDATIONS The recommendations for preventing and managing PTOA are based on the best available evidence. Primary injury prevention, self-management strategies, maintenance of a healthy body weight, and an appropriate level of physical activity should be encouraged among those at risk for PTOA after acute traumatic joint injury. Education of athletic trainers and patients regarding PTOA is also critical for effective prevention and management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Athletic Trainers' Osteoarthritis Consortium
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Keller Army Hospital, West Point, NY
- University of Connecticut, Storrs
- Division of Rheumatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte
- University of Vermont, Burlington
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47
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Wei W, Bastiaansen-Jenniskens YM, Suijkerbuijk M, Kops N, Bos PK, Verhaar JAN, Zuurmond AM, Dell'Accio F, van Osch GJVM. High fat diet accelerates cartilage repair in DBA/1 mice. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1258-1264. [PMID: 27147295 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a well-known risk factor for osteoarthritis, but it is unknown what it does on cartilage repair. Here we investigated whether a high fat diet (HFD) influences cartilage repair in a mouse model of cartilage repair. We fed DBA/1 mice control or HFD (60% energy from fat). After 2 weeks, a full thickness cartilage defect was made in the trochlear groove. Mice were sacrificed, 1, 8, and 24 weeks after operation. Cartilage repair was evaluated on histology. Serum glucose, insulin and amyloid A were measured 24 h before operation and at endpoints. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on synovium and adipose tissue to evaluate macrophage infiltration and phenotype. One week after operation, mice on HFD had defect filling with fibroblast-like cells and more cartilage repair as indicated by a lower Pineda score. After 8 weeks, mice on a HFD still had a lower Pineda score. After 24 weeks, no mice had complete cartilage repair and we did not detect a significant difference in cartilage repair between diets. Bodyweight was increased by HFD, whereas serum glucose, amyloid A and insulin were not influenced. Macrophage infiltration and phenotype in adipose tissue and synovium were not influenced by HFD. In contrast to common wisdom, HFD accelerated intrinsic cartilage repair in DBA/1 mice on the short term. Resistance to HFD induced inflammatory and metabolic changes could be associated with accelerated cartilage repair. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1258-1264, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mathijs Suijkerbuijk
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Kops
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter K Bos
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A N Verhaar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Gerjo J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Saturated fatty acids induce development of both metabolic syndrome and osteoarthritis in rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46457. [PMID: 28418007 PMCID: PMC5394476 DOI: 10.1038/srep46457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The predominant saturated fatty acids (SFA) in human diets are lauric acid (LA, C12:0), myristic acid (MA, C14:0), palmitic acid (PA, C16:0) and stearic acid (SA, C18:0). The aim of this study was to investigate whether diets containing individual SFA together with excess simple carbohydrates induce osteoarthritis (OA)-like changes in knee joints and signs of metabolic syndrome in rats. Rats were given either a corn starch diet or a diet composed of simple carbohydrates together with 20% LA, MA, PA, SA or beef tallow for 16 weeks. Rats fed beef tallow, SA, MA or PA diets developed signs of metabolic syndrome, and also exhibited cartilage degradation and subchondral bone changes similar to OA. In contrast, replacement of beef tallow with LA decreased signs of metabolic syndrome together with decreased cartilage degradation. Furthermore, PA and SA but not LA increased release of matrix sulphated proteoglycans in cultures of bovine cartilage explants or human chondrocytes. In conclusion, we have shown that longer-chain dietary SFA in rats induce both metabolic syndrome and OA-like knee changes. Thus, diets containing SFA are strongly relevant to the development or prevention of both OA and metabolic syndrome.
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Blaker CL, Clarke EC, Little CB. Using mouse models to investigate the pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:424-439. [PMID: 27312470 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is defined by its development after joint injury. Factors contributing to the risk of PTOA occurring, the rate of progression, and degree of associated disability in any individual, remain incompletely understood. What constitutes an "OA-inducing injury" is not defined. In line with advances in the traumatic brain injury field, we propose the scope of PTOA-inducing injuries be expanded to include not only those causing immediate structural damage and instability (Type I), but also those without initial instability/damage from moderate (Type II) or minor (Type III) loading severity. A review of the literature revealed this full spectrum of potential PTOA subtypes can be modeled in mice, with 27 Type I, 6 Type II, and 4 Type III models identified. Despite limitations due to cartilage anatomy, joint size, and bio-fluid availability, mice offer advantages as preclinical models to study PTOA, particularly genetically modified strains. Histopathology was the most common disease outcome, cartilage more frequently studied than bone or synovium, and meniscus and ligaments rarely evaluated. Other methods used to examine PTOA included gene expression, protein analysis, and imaging. Despite the major issues reported by patients being pain and biomechanical dysfunction, these were the least commonly measured outcomes in mouse models. Informative correlations of simultaneously measured disease outcomes in individual animals, was rarely done in any mouse PTOA model. This review has identified knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to increase understanding and improve prevention and management of PTOA. Preclinical mouse models play a critical role in these endeavors. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:424-439, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina L Blaker
- Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Level 10, Kolling Institute B6, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, The Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia.,Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
| | - Elizabeth C Clarke
- Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Level 10, Kolling Institute B6, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, The Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
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50
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Chen D, Shen J, Zhao W, Wang T, Han L, Hamilton JL, Im HJ. Osteoarthritis: toward a comprehensive understanding of pathological mechanism. Bone Res 2017; 5:16044. [PMID: 28149655 PMCID: PMC5240031 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2016.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 642] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease and a major cause of pain and disability in adult individuals. The etiology of OA includes joint injury, obesity, aging, and heredity. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of OA initiation and progression remain poorly understood and, currently, there are no interventions available to restore degraded cartilage or decelerate disease progression. The diathrodial joint is a complicated organ and its function is to bear weight, perform physical activity and exhibit a joint-specific range of motion during movement. During OA development, the entire joint organ is affected, including articular cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial tissue and meniscus. A full understanding of the pathological mechanism of OA development relies on the discovery of the interplaying mechanisms among different OA symptoms, including articular cartilage degradation, osteophyte formation, subchondral sclerosis and synovial hyperplasia, and the signaling pathway(s) controlling these pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John L Hamilton
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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